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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,926 --> 00:00:10,803 ♪ I'm going out ♪ 2 00:00:10,845 --> 00:00:12,805 ♪ I'm gonna rave and shout ♪ 3 00:00:12,847 --> 00:00:14,849 ♪ I wanna go out, I wanna go out ♪ 4 00:00:14,890 --> 00:00:17,184 ♪ We're gonna go way out ♪ 5 00:00:17,225 --> 00:00:23,524 ♪ Way out with the boys ♪ 6 00:00:23,565 --> 00:00:25,275 ♪ From Ipanema ♪ 7 00:00:31,365 --> 00:00:32,825 ♪ Fly me to the moon ♪ 8 00:00:32,867 --> 00:00:35,160 ♪ And let me see What's way up there ♪ 9 00:00:35,202 --> 00:00:36,829 ♪ Take me to the moon ♪ 10 00:00:36,871 --> 00:00:39,080 ♪ I wanna go Way, way up there ♪ 11 00:00:39,122 --> 00:00:43,168 ♪ I wanna see What's up there ♪ 12 00:00:43,210 --> 00:00:46,672 ♪ Way, way, way, way, way Way up in the moon, yeah ♪ 13 00:00:46,714 --> 00:00:48,757 ♪ We're gonna do the moonwalk ♪ 14 00:00:48,799 --> 00:00:50,801 ♪ Got to do the moonwalk ♪ 15 00:00:50,843 --> 00:00:52,678 ♪ Got to do the moonwalk ♪ 16 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:54,638 ♪ Got to do the moonwalk ♪ 17 00:00:58,017 --> 00:01:00,143 ["If Dreams Come True" by Chick Webb plays] 18 00:01:01,436 --> 00:01:04,147 All the greats came here, everyone. 19 00:01:06,567 --> 00:01:08,276 ♪♪ 20 00:01:13,657 --> 00:01:15,784 And we went through these doors, 21 00:01:15,826 --> 00:01:20,288 and you were aware you were in Harlem! 22 00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:22,123 Harlem. 23 00:01:22,165 --> 00:01:24,793 It was November of 1934 24 00:01:24,835 --> 00:01:28,380 when Norma Miller, who is 100 years old now, 25 00:01:28,422 --> 00:01:32,384 first heard a skinny teenage girl sing. 26 00:01:32,426 --> 00:01:36,471 A shabby street kid entered 'Amateur Night' at the Apollo. 27 00:01:41,643 --> 00:01:44,229 The girl has never sung in public. 28 00:01:45,940 --> 00:01:47,524 She's shaking. 29 00:01:48,442 --> 00:01:50,318 Her dress is dirty. 30 00:01:51,862 --> 00:01:53,655 The audience laughed at her. 31 00:01:55,032 --> 00:01:57,034 They introduced this new girl 32 00:01:57,076 --> 00:01:59,536 called Ella Fitzgerald. 33 00:02:03,707 --> 00:02:05,375 We booed her! 34 00:02:05,417 --> 00:02:07,586 'Cause they were introducing somebody we didn't know. 35 00:02:07,628 --> 00:02:11,632 We were all kids, a bunch of rowdy teenagers in the balcony. 36 00:02:11,673 --> 00:02:14,384 Oh, we were mad anyway. "Boo"! 37 00:02:14,426 --> 00:02:17,220 Say, can you imagine, we booed Ella Fitzgerald? 38 00:02:22,101 --> 00:02:27,940 We went to the Apollo and I was the one that was chosen. 39 00:02:27,982 --> 00:02:30,985 My legs were so skinny, I used to wear boots 40 00:02:31,026 --> 00:02:35,322 so nobody could see the bottom of my legs. 41 00:02:38,575 --> 00:02:40,786 She's just 16. 42 00:02:41,703 --> 00:02:45,540 Ella has survived the death of her beloved mother, 43 00:02:45,582 --> 00:02:47,751 a brutal reform school, 44 00:02:47,793 --> 00:02:50,796 and a homeless life in the Harlem streets. 45 00:02:52,297 --> 00:02:55,300 But she's tough. She likes a dare. 46 00:02:56,927 --> 00:02:58,720 And she wants to dance. 47 00:02:59,888 --> 00:03:03,224 At the Apollo, she takes her chances. 48 00:03:04,267 --> 00:03:06,269 I was what they called 49 00:03:06,311 --> 00:03:09,857 you know, the greatest little dancer in Yonkers. 50 00:03:09,898 --> 00:03:13,443 And there were two sisters 51 00:03:13,485 --> 00:03:15,737 who were the dancing-est sisters in the world, 52 00:03:15,779 --> 00:03:17,364 called The Edwards Sisters. 53 00:03:17,405 --> 00:03:19,574 And they were starring at the Apollo. 54 00:03:19,616 --> 00:03:22,911 And when I saw those ladies dance, 55 00:03:22,953 --> 00:03:26,456 I said, "No way I'm going out there and try to dance, 56 00:03:26,498 --> 00:03:28,333 'cause they'd stop the show". 57 00:03:31,294 --> 00:03:35,423 The man said, "You're out here", he says, "Well, do something". 58 00:03:35,465 --> 00:03:36,466 And I sang, 59 00:03:36,508 --> 00:03:38,010 ♪ If her voice can bring ♪ 60 00:03:38,052 --> 00:03:40,054 ♪ Every hope of the spring ♪ 61 00:03:40,095 --> 00:03:41,638 ♪ That's Judy ♪ 62 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:43,724 And everybody says, "Oh, that girl can sing". 63 00:03:43,765 --> 00:03:47,728 Oh, that's funny. 64 00:03:47,769 --> 00:03:50,064 It was like one of those defining moments 65 00:03:50,105 --> 00:03:55,777 where, "I'm here, I have to do something", 66 00:03:55,819 --> 00:03:59,531 something has to be accomplished. 67 00:03:59,573 --> 00:04:04,119 And to be able to pull out of you, out of yourself, 68 00:04:04,161 --> 00:04:09,499 something that's magical, 69 00:04:09,541 --> 00:04:14,880 you know, that's pretty amazing. 70 00:04:14,922 --> 00:04:17,674 And we heard a sound, 71 00:04:17,716 --> 00:04:21,011 I'm telling you, it was so perfect. 72 00:04:21,053 --> 00:04:22,596 I said, "She shut us up so quick, 73 00:04:22,637 --> 00:04:25,057 you can hear a rat piss on cotton". 74 00:04:25,099 --> 00:04:27,308 That was the story of Ella Fitzgerald. 75 00:04:27,350 --> 00:04:30,771 ♪ It was just ♪ 76 00:04:30,812 --> 00:04:34,858 ♪ One of those things ♪ 77 00:04:34,900 --> 00:04:41,031 ♪ Just one of those Crazy flings ♪ 78 00:04:41,073 --> 00:04:42,991 I was always looking for heroes. 79 00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:44,785 ♪ Bells that now and then ring ♪ 80 00:04:44,826 --> 00:04:46,494 [Mvula] Icons that looked like me. 81 00:04:46,536 --> 00:04:49,998 ♪ Just one of those things ♪ 82 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:55,295 A black woman that was really black. 83 00:04:55,336 --> 00:04:59,174 ♪ It was great fun But it was... ♪ 84 00:04:59,216 --> 00:05:01,927 She made it seem like anything is possible. 85 00:05:01,969 --> 00:05:04,012 ♪ ...those things ♪ 86 00:05:04,054 --> 00:05:06,431 There's no other Ella, sorry. 87 00:05:06,473 --> 00:05:10,144 ♪ One of those ♪ 88 00:05:10,185 --> 00:05:14,731 ♪ Things ♪ 89 00:05:20,403 --> 00:05:23,824 ["Billie's Blues" by Billy Holiday plays] 90 00:05:34,459 --> 00:05:39,214 Ella Fitzgerald's life was always about moving on. 91 00:05:39,256 --> 00:05:42,176 In 1919, when Ella was two, 92 00:05:42,217 --> 00:05:45,262 the family left Virginia for New York. 93 00:05:46,471 --> 00:05:49,390 They joined the Great Migration, 94 00:05:49,432 --> 00:05:53,394 tens of millions of African Americans who fled the racism 95 00:05:53,436 --> 00:05:55,605 and the poverty of the South. 96 00:06:00,194 --> 00:06:02,070 The Great Migration was bringing 97 00:06:02,112 --> 00:06:04,990 so many people, like Ella's mother, 98 00:06:05,032 --> 00:06:07,784 all with economic dreams, 99 00:06:07,826 --> 00:06:09,828 cultural dreams, social dreams. 100 00:06:09,870 --> 00:06:12,331 The world would have been opening up. 101 00:06:14,166 --> 00:06:16,126 Ella's mother, 'Tempie', 102 00:06:16,168 --> 00:06:18,170 settled the family in Yonkers, 103 00:06:18,212 --> 00:06:20,797 a few miles north of Harlem. 104 00:06:20,839 --> 00:06:22,257 Heart of Harlem, 105 00:06:22,299 --> 00:06:24,343 the largest coloured city in the world, 106 00:06:24,383 --> 00:06:27,762 with a population of 220,000. 107 00:06:27,804 --> 00:06:32,100 The action for black teenagers is in Harlem. 108 00:06:32,142 --> 00:06:34,311 From Yonkers, it's only a tram 109 00:06:34,353 --> 00:06:37,522 and a five-cent subway train to get there. 110 00:06:39,482 --> 00:06:44,279 ♪ Hurry, hurry, hurry ♪ 111 00:06:44,321 --> 00:06:48,158 ♪ Get, get, get, get Get, get, get, get ♪ 112 00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:51,703 ♪ Come on ♪ 113 00:06:51,745 --> 00:06:55,123 ♪ You must take the 'A' train ♪ 114 00:06:55,165 --> 00:06:58,126 ♪ If you really want to go To Harlem ♪ 115 00:06:58,168 --> 00:07:00,419 -♪ Come on and take ♪ 116 00:07:00,461 --> 00:07:02,756 ♪ Take the 'A' train ♪ Thank you. 117 00:07:02,797 --> 00:07:06,260 ♪ Find the quickest way To get to Harlem ♪ 118 00:07:06,301 --> 00:07:10,222 ♪ Hurry, hurry, boy It's comin' ♪ 119 00:07:10,264 --> 00:07:13,100 ♪ Can't you hear those engines strumming? ♪ 120 00:07:13,141 --> 00:07:17,187 ♪ All aboard Get on the 'A' train ♪ 121 00:07:17,229 --> 00:07:20,941 ♪ You'll find the quickest way To get to Harlem ♪ 122 00:07:22,650 --> 00:07:24,444 The earliest story I have, 123 00:07:24,485 --> 00:07:26,780 from her lips to my ears, 124 00:07:26,821 --> 00:07:28,115 she said she used to dance 125 00:07:28,156 --> 00:07:29,741 on the street corners in Harlem for nickels, 126 00:07:29,783 --> 00:07:33,245 she and her friend Charles. 127 00:07:33,287 --> 00:07:37,040 I wanted to be a dancer, and I ran away from home. 128 00:07:37,082 --> 00:07:38,833 But I got out there and I got hungry 129 00:07:38,875 --> 00:07:40,460 and I was glad to get back home, 130 00:07:40,501 --> 00:07:42,670 and I was glad when my mother whipped me. 131 00:07:42,712 --> 00:07:47,008 I was just so glad to know that I had a home to come to, 132 00:07:47,050 --> 00:07:50,637 a warm bed and, brother, that was it. 133 00:07:59,896 --> 00:08:02,399 Ella Fitzgerald is coming into Harlem 134 00:08:02,441 --> 00:08:04,318 when it was the high point 135 00:08:04,359 --> 00:08:06,111 of what we now call the Black Renaissance, 136 00:08:06,153 --> 00:08:07,862 the Harlem Renaissance. 137 00:08:13,452 --> 00:08:14,786 There were all these theatres 138 00:08:14,828 --> 00:08:17,331 and there were fully staged revues. 139 00:08:17,372 --> 00:08:20,250 It was this very unique occurrence 140 00:08:20,292 --> 00:08:22,294 that never really happened anywhere else, 141 00:08:22,336 --> 00:08:23,920 or in any other time. 142 00:08:30,427 --> 00:08:33,847 It was just this incredible flowering 143 00:08:33,888 --> 00:08:38,143 of African-American musical talent that was concentrated 144 00:08:38,185 --> 00:08:42,063 in this very small specific area of just a few blocks. 145 00:08:46,567 --> 00:08:49,196 One of the lovely things about the Renaissance 146 00:08:49,237 --> 00:08:51,865 is this mixture of music. 147 00:08:51,906 --> 00:08:53,825 Okay, so of course you're hearing blues, 148 00:08:53,867 --> 00:08:56,036 of course you're hearing original jazz compositions. 149 00:08:56,077 --> 00:08:59,247 You're also hearing musical theatre, 150 00:08:59,289 --> 00:09:02,501 songs of the day, and those are all in the mix. 151 00:09:02,542 --> 00:09:05,170 ["Dinah" by Louis Armstrong plays] 152 00:09:07,255 --> 00:09:13,512 So Ella is taking it in and getting ready to join the swing age. 153 00:09:15,763 --> 00:09:17,474 All the bands were on the radio. 154 00:09:17,516 --> 00:09:19,434 Duke Ellington made a point to be on the radio, 155 00:09:19,476 --> 00:09:21,853 and Louis Armstrong was all over the airwaves. 156 00:09:21,895 --> 00:09:24,398 ♪ Dinah With her Dixie eyes blazin' ♪ 157 00:09:24,439 --> 00:09:26,107 ♪ Love to sit and gaze in ♪ 158 00:09:26,149 --> 00:09:28,068 ♪ To the eyes of Dinah Lee ♪ 159 00:09:28,109 --> 00:09:29,528 ♪ Yet, every night ♪ 160 00:09:29,569 --> 00:09:31,571 ♪ My, how I shake with fright Oh ♪ 161 00:09:31,612 --> 00:09:32,947 ♪ 'Cause my Dinah might ♪ 162 00:09:32,989 --> 00:09:34,199 ♪ Change her mind ♪ 163 00:09:36,659 --> 00:09:40,247 [Friedwald] Louis Armstrong is the only major scat singer 164 00:09:40,288 --> 00:09:42,416 before Ella Fitzgerald. 165 00:09:42,457 --> 00:09:44,918 He definitely was a big influence on Ella. 166 00:09:44,959 --> 00:09:48,463 ["Girl Crazy: I Got Rhythm" by Fred Rich plays] 167 00:09:53,176 --> 00:09:57,805 [narrator] The Broadway theatres are lit up with new musicals. 168 00:09:57,847 --> 00:10:00,434 Everyone listens to the songs on the radio, 169 00:10:00,475 --> 00:10:04,104 including a teenage Ella. 170 00:10:04,145 --> 00:10:09,067 Everybody calls it to this day the Great American Songbook, 171 00:10:09,109 --> 00:10:12,653 That's Gershwin, Irving Berlin and Cole Porter, 172 00:10:12,695 --> 00:10:13,905 and all the great ones. 173 00:10:13,947 --> 00:10:19,578 ♪ They're writing songs of love ♪ 174 00:10:20,328 --> 00:10:23,790 ♪ But not for me ♪ 175 00:10:23,831 --> 00:10:26,918 All the greatest songs that everybody loves 176 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:28,044 to this day. 177 00:10:28,086 --> 00:10:34,593 ♪ A lucky star's above ♪ 178 00:10:34,634 --> 00:10:39,264 Ella is hearing the young composers 179 00:10:39,306 --> 00:10:43,435 whose music she'll be doing in song books years later. 180 00:10:43,477 --> 00:10:48,231 ♪ With love to lead the way 181 00:10:48,273 --> 00:10:50,191 She's hearing Irving Berlin songs, 182 00:10:50,233 --> 00:10:51,610 she's hearing Rodgers and Hart, 183 00:10:51,651 --> 00:10:53,612 she's hearing the wonderful Harold Arlen. 184 00:10:53,653 --> 00:10:55,363 She's hearing all of that 185 00:10:55,405 --> 00:10:58,950 being sung by black singers as well as white. 186 00:10:58,992 --> 00:11:05,748 ♪ Than any Russian play ♪ 187 00:11:05,790 --> 00:11:11,838 ♪ Could guarantee ♪ 188 00:11:11,879 --> 00:11:13,590 And people would think, "Oh, those little 189 00:11:13,632 --> 00:11:15,049 dumb little 'Tin Pan Alley', 190 00:11:15,091 --> 00:11:16,759 'Moon June Spoon' songs, 191 00:11:16,801 --> 00:11:20,013 but this became not only the soundtrack of the 20th Century, 192 00:11:20,054 --> 00:11:23,975 but helped to define it in a sense 193 00:11:24,017 --> 00:11:27,686 that it became the American equivalent of classical music. 194 00:11:27,728 --> 00:11:30,482 You know, where the Europeans have Bach and Beethoven, 195 00:11:30,524 --> 00:11:32,817 we have Jerome Kern and Cole Porter and Duke Ellington. 196 00:11:32,859 --> 00:11:38,532 ♪ I guess he's not ♪ 197 00:11:38,573 --> 00:11:41,826 ♪ For ♪ 198 00:11:41,868 --> 00:11:47,832 ♪ Me ♪ 199 00:11:50,709 --> 00:11:53,421 ["Harlem Shout" by Jimmie Lunceford plays] 200 00:11:56,174 --> 00:11:58,343 I was raised with the jazz age, 201 00:11:58,385 --> 00:12:01,804 so all I ever heard was jazz. 202 00:12:01,846 --> 00:12:03,473 So, it was natural for me. 203 00:12:03,515 --> 00:12:06,601 Me and jazz came up together. 204 00:12:08,478 --> 00:12:10,980 For kids like Ella and Norma, 205 00:12:11,022 --> 00:12:13,274 the jazz music and the dancing 206 00:12:13,316 --> 00:12:17,778 are an escape from lives shaped by poverty and racism. 207 00:12:20,114 --> 00:12:23,159 Now my mother got two babies, 208 00:12:23,201 --> 00:12:27,372 20 years old, unskilled, never had a job. 209 00:12:28,747 --> 00:12:31,292 You had to find a way of getting money. 210 00:12:31,334 --> 00:12:33,127 You can't work for nobody, 'cause remember, 211 00:12:33,169 --> 00:12:35,714 slavery is over, you don't have jobs. 212 00:12:37,006 --> 00:12:38,841 How do you pay the rent? 213 00:12:45,515 --> 00:12:48,142 My mother used to give house rent parties. 214 00:12:50,270 --> 00:12:53,147 "Norma could dance". She threw me out on the stage 215 00:12:53,189 --> 00:12:54,857 so I can entertain her people 216 00:12:54,899 --> 00:12:57,569 so she can charge for pig feet and potato salad. 217 00:12:59,613 --> 00:13:01,448 And that's how I started in showbiz, 218 00:13:01,489 --> 00:13:03,366 in my mother's living room. 219 00:13:05,826 --> 00:13:07,870 Everything was race. 220 00:13:07,912 --> 00:13:10,998 You couldn't go to Woolworth across the street. 221 00:13:15,503 --> 00:13:17,922 If you were a black person and you wanted to buy a hat, 222 00:13:17,964 --> 00:13:20,550 you couldn't try it on. 223 00:13:20,592 --> 00:13:24,845 They wouldn't have black girls on the cash registers. 224 00:13:24,887 --> 00:13:27,848 You couldn't go out of your zone. 225 00:13:27,890 --> 00:13:30,893 Right up the street was the Cotton Club. 226 00:13:30,935 --> 00:13:32,853 We couldn't go in the Cotton Club. 227 00:13:32,895 --> 00:13:35,565 We could work at the Cotton Club, but you couldn't go in. 228 00:13:35,607 --> 00:13:37,734 So the confinement left you. 229 00:13:37,776 --> 00:13:40,236 What you had to do, you had to do it amongst yourselves. 230 00:13:44,616 --> 00:13:46,159 ♪♪ 231 00:13:50,497 --> 00:13:52,624 Ella told a schoolfriend 232 00:13:52,666 --> 00:13:55,834 "One day, you're gonna see my name in lights". 233 00:14:11,476 --> 00:14:15,229 In 1929, the stock market crashes. 234 00:14:15,980 --> 00:14:20,109 The Great Depression hammers the country for a decade. 235 00:14:20,151 --> 00:14:22,821 Millions are devastated. 236 00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:28,201 By 1932, half of black Americans are out of work. 237 00:14:28,242 --> 00:14:32,121 There are whites who insist black workers are fired, 238 00:14:32,163 --> 00:14:34,957 the whites given their jobs. 239 00:14:37,627 --> 00:14:41,881 For Ella Fitzgerald, there is also personal tragedy. 240 00:14:43,132 --> 00:14:45,009 The big divide in Ella's life 241 00:14:45,051 --> 00:14:47,470 was the tragedy of losing her mother 242 00:14:47,512 --> 00:14:50,097 when she was 13 years old. 243 00:14:50,139 --> 00:14:54,143 She describes her mother in very loving terms, 244 00:14:54,185 --> 00:14:57,313 and kept a picture of her mother in her home. 245 00:14:57,355 --> 00:15:01,693 Tempie was a formidable woman, and it was a devastating blow, 246 00:15:01,735 --> 00:15:05,112 because her mother had been the continuity in her life. 247 00:15:05,154 --> 00:15:07,699 And Ella was lost. 248 00:15:12,953 --> 00:15:16,123 Friends said Ella's stepfather neglected her, 249 00:15:16,165 --> 00:15:19,335 and there were rumours of abuse. 250 00:15:19,377 --> 00:15:22,672 Her aunt in Harlem took her in. 251 00:15:22,714 --> 00:15:26,885 Ella, hurt, angry, lost, ran away. 252 00:15:28,969 --> 00:15:32,223 Cops picked her up off the street. 253 00:15:32,265 --> 00:15:34,934 She runs away from home, she's a truant. 254 00:15:34,975 --> 00:15:39,731 She gets caught and does time in a state reformatory for girls. 255 00:15:39,773 --> 00:15:41,982 This is brutal. 256 00:15:42,024 --> 00:15:46,863 It was the combination of reform school cruelties 257 00:15:46,905 --> 00:15:50,283 and the particular abuses and insults 258 00:15:50,324 --> 00:15:53,661 handed out to the young black girls. 259 00:15:57,498 --> 00:15:59,208 [narrator] The Training School for Girls 260 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:01,252 had begun 30 years earlier 261 00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:04,380 as a home for unwed mothers. 262 00:16:04,422 --> 00:16:08,968 In Ella's time, it's a reformatory for young truants. 263 00:16:10,970 --> 00:16:16,559 Ella is locked up here in 1933, more than 100 miles from home. 264 00:16:19,270 --> 00:16:23,107 Like other black girls, she is beaten by male staff 265 00:16:23,149 --> 00:16:26,026 and held in solitary confinement. 266 00:16:28,780 --> 00:16:31,115 Ella never spoke about it. 267 00:16:32,659 --> 00:16:37,747 A report noted Ella Fitzgerald is "ungovernable" 268 00:16:37,789 --> 00:16:41,167 and "will not obey lawful commands". 269 00:16:44,671 --> 00:16:47,214 She is a "judged delinquent". 270 00:16:51,218 --> 00:16:56,975 Before long, she runs away, back to the streets of Harlem. 271 00:16:57,016 --> 00:17:02,229 She hits the street, sleeping in little nothings, 272 00:17:02,271 --> 00:17:05,817 you know, doing what we see any homeless person doing 273 00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:07,861 under little piles of refuse. 274 00:17:09,654 --> 00:17:13,407 And she wants to be a dancer, which I love. 275 00:17:13,449 --> 00:17:15,451 You know, "I will be a dancer, 276 00:17:15,493 --> 00:17:19,413 even though I'm this unglamorous little critter". 277 00:17:19,455 --> 00:17:22,082 ["One O'clock Jump" by Count Basie plays] 278 00:17:25,003 --> 00:17:28,422 Ella is back in Harlem. 279 00:17:28,464 --> 00:17:31,676 It's the Apollo's first amateur night. 280 00:17:39,017 --> 00:17:40,852 She takes the gamble. 281 00:17:42,020 --> 00:17:45,690 This is her one shot. 282 00:17:45,732 --> 00:17:48,651 It changes the rest of her life. 283 00:18:05,793 --> 00:18:10,048 She used to say "I kept on", that is it. 284 00:18:10,089 --> 00:18:12,550 "I kept on". 285 00:18:12,592 --> 00:18:17,722 In the end, once she started, she never stopped. 286 00:18:17,764 --> 00:18:20,140 She lived, she survived, she became famous, 287 00:18:20,182 --> 00:18:21,935 so she kept on keeping on. 288 00:18:21,976 --> 00:18:26,814 At what inner price? We don't know. 289 00:18:26,856 --> 00:18:28,942 ["My Wild Irish Rose" by Chick Webb plays] 290 00:18:30,443 --> 00:18:32,612 Chick Webb, king of the drums! 291 00:18:39,035 --> 00:18:40,703 At the Savoy Ballroom, 292 00:18:40,745 --> 00:18:44,123 Chick Webb is Harlem's top bandleader. 293 00:18:47,668 --> 00:18:49,796 Swing is all the rage. 294 00:18:49,837 --> 00:18:54,550 Good time dance music, a break from hard lives. 295 00:18:54,592 --> 00:18:57,219 Chick Webb just had a beat that was like no other. 296 00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:03,142 He swung his arse off. 297 00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:13,277 Just an incredibly swinging musical drummer and bandleader. 298 00:19:13,319 --> 00:19:14,988 He really knew how to lead a band 299 00:19:15,029 --> 00:19:17,406 with his personality and with his musicianship. 300 00:19:17,448 --> 00:19:18,908 But he was kind of faded 301 00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:21,452 just because of his physical handicap. 302 00:19:21,494 --> 00:19:24,371 He was, you know, a dwarf and he was a hunchback. 303 00:19:27,249 --> 00:19:29,460 One of his musicians tells Chick 304 00:19:29,502 --> 00:19:32,922 he has to hear the girl who won at the Apollo. 305 00:19:32,964 --> 00:19:37,010 The guy says, "She's scuffling on the street". 306 00:19:37,051 --> 00:19:39,053 Chick Webb didn't want no girl 307 00:19:39,095 --> 00:19:41,889 travelling with the band, 'cause you've got 16 guys. 308 00:19:41,931 --> 00:19:44,433 He said, "I'm not going to be taking no girl on the road, 16, 309 00:19:44,475 --> 00:19:47,645 and got a bunch of horny guys, I'm not going to have it". 310 00:19:47,687 --> 00:19:50,564 They had to fight to have Ella sing with the band. 311 00:19:53,901 --> 00:19:56,904 "I don't want that ugly old thing", Webb says 312 00:19:56,946 --> 00:19:59,824 when he sees Ella wearing a shabby dress 313 00:19:59,866 --> 00:20:02,827 and workman's boots. 314 00:20:02,869 --> 00:20:06,288 You would think that a man with a tubercular spine 315 00:20:06,330 --> 00:20:08,166 might not be so careless 316 00:20:08,207 --> 00:20:11,961 with his put-downs of Ella's looks. 317 00:20:12,003 --> 00:20:15,589 But he gave her a huge start. 318 00:20:18,509 --> 00:20:22,680 There are some people who were born with God-given talent, 319 00:20:22,722 --> 00:20:26,600 and then there are the rest of us. 320 00:20:26,642 --> 00:20:29,436 My mother had God-given talent 321 00:20:29,478 --> 00:20:33,858 and obviously that was the little seed that was planted, 322 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:38,529 and someone said, "Well, let's help this garden grow". 323 00:20:38,571 --> 00:20:43,743 And so that was Chick, who was a fabulous mentor. 324 00:20:43,784 --> 00:20:45,745 ["I'm Just A Jitterbug" by Fitzgerald & Chick Webb plays] 325 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:53,711 Ella joins Chick Webb in early 1935. 326 00:20:53,753 --> 00:20:56,964 Singing with Chick's band gives her a future. 327 00:20:59,592 --> 00:21:01,802 She's on a roll. 328 00:21:01,844 --> 00:21:04,847 She wanted to escape the life that she had, 329 00:21:04,889 --> 00:21:07,767 and the way she could escape it was in show business. 330 00:21:07,808 --> 00:21:09,309 ♪ I'm just a jitterbug ♪ 331 00:21:09,351 --> 00:21:10,686 A naive kid. 332 00:21:10,728 --> 00:21:13,064 ♪ A happy jitterbug ♪ 333 00:21:13,106 --> 00:21:17,235 She was not cultured, she was not haute couture at all. 334 00:21:17,276 --> 00:21:18,861 She was Ella. 335 00:21:18,903 --> 00:21:20,905 ♪ I'm not a corny hick ♪ 336 00:21:24,242 --> 00:21:29,080 ♪ 'Cause I'm a jitterbug Might glad that I'm alive ♪ 337 00:21:29,122 --> 00:21:31,916 ♪ Give me a solid ascender ♪ 338 00:21:31,958 --> 00:21:34,334 ♪ Not just an elbow bender ♪ 339 00:21:34,376 --> 00:21:38,214 ♪ Don't want no old-time jazz No razzamatazz ♪ 340 00:21:38,256 --> 00:21:39,882 ♪ Just swing ♪ 341 00:21:39,924 --> 00:21:42,593 ♪ 'Cause I'm just a jitterbug ♪ 342 00:21:42,635 --> 00:21:45,179 ♪ A happy jitterbug ♪ 343 00:21:45,221 --> 00:21:47,848 ♪ A little jitter Jitter jitterbug ♪ 344 00:21:47,890 --> 00:21:51,644 ♪ Lookin' for a place to jive ♪ 345 00:21:51,685 --> 00:21:55,148 The audience loves Ella. 346 00:21:55,189 --> 00:21:59,652 She plugs into their excitement and gives it back tenfold. 347 00:21:59,693 --> 00:22:02,196 ♪ The trumpet's goin' crazy ♪ 348 00:22:02,238 --> 00:22:06,617 Chick knew he had something very special with Ella. 349 00:22:06,659 --> 00:22:10,121 He took her on the road with the band. 350 00:22:10,163 --> 00:22:12,832 Norma Miller and half a dozen Lindy Hoppers 351 00:22:12,873 --> 00:22:15,209 were the opening act. 352 00:22:15,251 --> 00:22:16,836 See, we were the young generation. 353 00:22:16,877 --> 00:22:18,378 She impressed us. 354 00:22:18,420 --> 00:22:21,007 ♪ And now a-listen, folks And you will hear ♪ 355 00:22:21,048 --> 00:22:23,509 ♪ Of the drummer of the band ♪ 356 00:22:23,550 --> 00:22:25,928 ♪ Now, I know that He's the drummer ♪ 357 00:22:25,970 --> 00:22:28,889 ♪ By that drumstick in his hand ♪ 358 00:22:34,020 --> 00:22:37,898 She was a girl of her time. 359 00:22:37,940 --> 00:22:41,652 It's something amazing about life: your time. 360 00:22:41,694 --> 00:22:44,822 She reached all of us. We were the kids coming up. 361 00:22:44,864 --> 00:22:48,993 ♪ Love and kisses never misses ♪ 362 00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:54,081 ♪ Making a heaven for two ♪ 363 00:22:54,123 --> 00:22:58,085 Within six months, every band wants her. 364 00:22:58,127 --> 00:23:00,296 She's cutting records, 365 00:23:00,338 --> 00:23:03,883 singing on Benny Goodman's 'Coast to Coast' radio show, 366 00:23:03,924 --> 00:23:07,887 playing nightclubs and ballrooms from Boston to Philly, 367 00:23:07,928 --> 00:23:10,931 Chicago to New Orleans. 368 00:23:10,973 --> 00:23:13,475 Guys would finish a show, have a little drink 369 00:23:13,517 --> 00:23:16,854 and they'd bring a big spliff on the bus and they'd all get high. 370 00:23:16,896 --> 00:23:20,024 And Ella never wanted to get high, she didn't do drugs, 371 00:23:20,066 --> 00:23:23,027 and she would always go all the way to the back of the bus. 372 00:23:23,069 --> 00:23:25,863 She would take her coat and put it over her head 373 00:23:25,905 --> 00:23:28,657 and create her own personal filtration system. 374 00:23:30,408 --> 00:23:32,578 So, that's the way she took care of herself. 375 00:23:32,619 --> 00:23:37,415 ♪ Mr Paganini, please play my rhapsody, and if... ♪ 376 00:23:37,457 --> 00:23:40,127 Then, in October 1936, 377 00:23:40,169 --> 00:23:43,630 one of Ella's records became a hit. 378 00:23:43,672 --> 00:23:46,550 ♪ You simply have to swing it ♪ 379 00:23:46,592 --> 00:23:48,426 ♪ I said, "Swing it" ♪ 380 00:23:48,468 --> 00:23:50,263 ♪ Oh, swing it ♪ 381 00:23:50,304 --> 00:23:52,848 She recorded "Mr. Paganini" with Chick Webb 382 00:23:52,890 --> 00:23:55,351 when she was 19. 383 00:23:55,393 --> 00:23:59,021 It stayed a favourite in her concerts for decades. 384 00:23:59,063 --> 00:24:01,481 ♪ With wild applause ♪ 385 00:24:01,523 --> 00:24:03,401 ♪ But what a great ovation ♪ 386 00:24:03,441 --> 00:24:06,070 Chick Webb and his wife looked after Ella, 387 00:24:08,446 --> 00:24:11,284 but she's making her own money. 388 00:24:11,325 --> 00:24:15,579 She has her own room, new clothes, even furs. 389 00:24:17,206 --> 00:24:21,377 A girl on the town, Ella has plenty of admirers, 390 00:24:21,419 --> 00:24:24,504 including one of President Roosevelt's sons. 391 00:24:35,141 --> 00:24:37,893 ["A-Tisket A-Tasket" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 392 00:24:43,690 --> 00:24:45,859 I was trying to remember what was the first song 393 00:24:45,901 --> 00:24:49,322 I ever remember hearing by Ella Fitzgerald. 394 00:24:49,363 --> 00:24:52,325 ♪ A-tisket a-tasket 395 00:24:52,366 --> 00:24:55,535 ♪ A brown and yellow basket 396 00:24:55,577 --> 00:24:57,413 It was "A-Tisket A-Tasket". 397 00:24:57,455 --> 00:25:01,750 And my sisters used to play that all day long, every day. 398 00:25:01,792 --> 00:25:03,127 "A-Tisket A-Tasket". 399 00:25:03,169 --> 00:25:05,879 "A-Tisket A-Tasket" was her idea, 400 00:25:05,921 --> 00:25:08,466 and it became this blockbuster hit. 401 00:25:08,506 --> 00:25:12,094 ♪ Picked it up and put it in her pocket ♪ 402 00:25:12,136 --> 00:25:14,680 "A-Tisket A-Tasket" went to number one 403 00:25:14,721 --> 00:25:16,807 on the American Hit Parade. 404 00:25:18,267 --> 00:25:20,894 It made Ella a national star, 405 00:25:20,936 --> 00:25:23,897 and it earned her a role in a Hollywood movie. 406 00:25:23,939 --> 00:25:27,026 ♪ She was truckin' on down The avenue ♪ 407 00:25:27,067 --> 00:25:29,445 ♪ With not a single thing to do ♪ 408 00:25:29,487 --> 00:25:32,865 ♪ She went a-peck, peck Pecking all around ♪ 409 00:25:32,906 --> 00:25:34,574 I listened to my voice then, 410 00:25:34,616 --> 00:25:39,372 and it sounds like, well, what I was, a little girl. 411 00:25:39,413 --> 00:25:41,790 ♪ A yellow basket and if she... ♪ 412 00:25:41,832 --> 00:25:46,670 I laugh because my voice was so thin and small. 413 00:25:46,712 --> 00:25:49,756 But I guess it's like anything else, you mature 414 00:25:49,798 --> 00:25:54,345 and I'm grateful for those thin, small, childish voice, 415 00:25:54,387 --> 00:25:57,723 because without that, nothing could have happened. 416 00:25:57,764 --> 00:26:03,312 ♪ Oh, dear, I wish That little girl I could see ♪ 417 00:26:03,354 --> 00:26:05,272 She was no different from her singing. 418 00:26:05,314 --> 00:26:09,693 She was understated, she was shy, she was like a little girl. 419 00:26:09,735 --> 00:26:11,445 ♪ A-tisket a-tasket ♪ 420 00:26:11,487 --> 00:26:12,863 ♪ Love my little... ♪ 421 00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:15,782 ♪ My little yellow basket ♪ 422 00:26:15,824 --> 00:26:17,868 As Lena Horne famously said, 423 00:26:17,910 --> 00:26:21,080 "After that record, a whole generation of us girl singers 424 00:26:21,121 --> 00:26:23,541 went looking for that damn yellow basket". 425 00:26:25,459 --> 00:26:28,670 ["Chew, Chew, Chew (Your Bubble Gum)" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 426 00:26:29,629 --> 00:26:31,340 Yeah! 427 00:26:31,382 --> 00:26:36,345 Ella was voted America's number one vocalist. 428 00:26:36,387 --> 00:26:39,515 Just four years after he first met the teenager, 429 00:26:39,557 --> 00:26:42,726 Chick's fortunes were also skyrocketing. 430 00:26:45,438 --> 00:26:49,191 And Chick knew it was because of Ella. 431 00:26:49,233 --> 00:26:53,362 Together, they recorded a string of novelty numbers. 432 00:26:53,404 --> 00:26:54,821 Ella really goes to town 433 00:26:54,863 --> 00:26:57,491 with "Chew Chew Your Bubble Gum". 434 00:26:59,076 --> 00:27:01,661 ♪ Chew, chew, chew, chew Your bubble gum ♪ 435 00:27:01,703 --> 00:27:04,415 ♪ Chew, chew, chew, chew Your bubble gum ♪ 436 00:27:04,457 --> 00:27:07,543 ♪ Chew, chew, chew, chew Your bubble gum ♪ 437 00:27:07,585 --> 00:27:10,003 ♪♪ 438 00:27:12,465 --> 00:27:16,802 But Chick Webb is struggling with health problems. 439 00:27:16,843 --> 00:27:19,637 He was a feisty individual. 440 00:27:19,679 --> 00:27:21,974 He was the meanest... 441 00:27:22,015 --> 00:27:24,684 See, we didn't understand, he was just always mean, 442 00:27:24,726 --> 00:27:26,979 but because he was always in pain. 443 00:27:27,854 --> 00:27:30,149 We just didn't know it. 444 00:27:30,190 --> 00:27:34,111 All those years, his playing, and the back... 445 00:27:34,153 --> 00:27:36,572 It must have been very painful. 446 00:27:36,614 --> 00:27:39,408 Sometimes they had to carry him off the bandstand, 447 00:27:39,450 --> 00:27:41,118 and we just didn't know that. 448 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:44,371 We said, "What the fuck's wrong with him?" you know. 449 00:27:44,413 --> 00:27:46,415 We didn't have sympathy for Chick 450 00:27:46,457 --> 00:27:49,251 until we saw him in the casket. 451 00:27:49,293 --> 00:27:52,171 In the early summer of 1939, 452 00:27:52,212 --> 00:27:56,049 Chick Webb knows he can't hang on much longer, 453 00:27:56,091 --> 00:27:59,052 but he's still concerned about his young singer. 454 00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:02,055 He says to one of his guys, 455 00:28:02,097 --> 00:28:06,018 "Anything happens to me, take care of Ella". 456 00:28:06,059 --> 00:28:08,437 ["I Never Knew Heaven Could Speak" by Chick Webb plays] 457 00:28:10,063 --> 00:28:14,652 He died a few days later, aged just 30. 458 00:28:20,366 --> 00:28:22,576 Thousands of mourners lined the streets 459 00:28:22,618 --> 00:28:25,912 for Webb's funeral in Baltimore. 460 00:28:25,954 --> 00:28:28,624 Traffic was halted across the city. 461 00:28:30,668 --> 00:28:35,047 At the church, Chick's body was viewed by crowds of fans. 462 00:28:37,174 --> 00:28:40,093 Ella sings "My Buddy". 463 00:28:40,135 --> 00:28:42,596 ["My Buddy" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 464 00:29:00,406 --> 00:29:03,742 From the home of happy feet, 465 00:29:03,783 --> 00:29:05,118 the famous Savoy Ballroom, 466 00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:07,454 Uptown Harlem along Lenox Avenue, 467 00:29:07,496 --> 00:29:11,041 it's music by Ella Fitzgerald And Her Famous Orchestra. 468 00:29:16,796 --> 00:29:19,925 When Chick Webb died, it was announced as her band. 469 00:29:19,966 --> 00:29:23,512 And I know she wasn't hiring and firing the musicians, 470 00:29:23,554 --> 00:29:25,931 but she was in charge, and she was the leader. 471 00:29:25,972 --> 00:29:29,017 She was the star. 472 00:29:29,059 --> 00:29:33,647 ♪ I've paid my tuition For my one ambition ♪ 473 00:29:33,689 --> 00:29:35,524 Probably deep within her 474 00:29:35,566 --> 00:29:39,819 was an immense amount of ambition and drive, 475 00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:44,283 which came out entirely in her undeniable singing. 476 00:29:44,324 --> 00:29:47,244 ♪ Shall dance with glee ♪ 477 00:29:51,915 --> 00:29:53,584 She wasn't dazzling them 478 00:29:53,626 --> 00:29:55,753 with the dress she was wearing, or dancing. 479 00:29:55,794 --> 00:30:00,006 You know, she did it with her voice and her humour and her humanity. 480 00:30:00,048 --> 00:30:02,050 ♪ Oh, boy, I'm in the groove ♪ 481 00:30:02,092 --> 00:30:04,261 ♪ Oh, boy, I'm in the groove ♪ 482 00:30:04,303 --> 00:30:11,310 ♪ Oh, boy, I'm in the groove ♪ 483 00:30:11,351 --> 00:30:15,481 There was particular pressures there that any woman performer 484 00:30:15,522 --> 00:30:17,857 and, most particularly, for black women, 485 00:30:17,899 --> 00:30:22,780 the demands of glamour of sexuality. 486 00:30:22,821 --> 00:30:25,907 All of those were coursing through the culture, 487 00:30:25,949 --> 00:30:30,912 and Ella Fitzgerald did not fit any of those expectations. 488 00:30:30,954 --> 00:30:33,499 ["Crazy Rhythm" by Chick Webb plays] 489 00:30:35,793 --> 00:30:37,043 From her late teens, 490 00:30:37,085 --> 00:30:39,588 Ella's weight made her miserable. 491 00:30:41,674 --> 00:30:46,011 Reporters called her the 'Plump Chanteuse'. 492 00:30:46,052 --> 00:30:48,388 They laughed when she was trapped in an elevator 493 00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:54,520 and wrote, "220 pounds of songstress hauled out by three men". 494 00:30:56,271 --> 00:30:58,023 She was probably ashamed 495 00:30:58,064 --> 00:31:03,654 of some of those earlier humiliations and cruelties. 496 00:31:03,696 --> 00:31:09,242 She was made fun of for being not glamorous, for being hefty. 497 00:31:09,284 --> 00:31:12,705 And, coming from a rough life, 498 00:31:12,746 --> 00:31:18,293 could be turned against a performer by the press, 499 00:31:18,335 --> 00:31:19,878 particularly if you were a woman. 500 00:31:19,919 --> 00:31:21,880 ♪ Crazy rhythm Here's the doorway ♪ 501 00:31:21,921 --> 00:31:23,757 ♪ I'll go my way You go your way ♪ 502 00:31:23,799 --> 00:31:27,678 ♪ Crazy rhythm From now on, we're through ♪ 503 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:29,596 ♪ Here is where We have a showdown ♪ 504 00:31:29,638 --> 00:31:31,473 ♪ I'm too high-hat You're tow low-down ♪ 505 00:31:31,515 --> 00:31:34,434 ♪ Crazy rhythm It's goodbye to you ♪ 506 00:31:34,476 --> 00:31:37,229 ♪ I know that when a highbrow Meets a lowbrow ♪ 507 00:31:37,270 --> 00:31:39,105 ♪ Walking along Broadway ♪ 508 00:31:39,147 --> 00:31:40,982 ♪ Soon a highbrow He has no brow ♪ 509 00:31:41,024 --> 00:31:43,569 ♪ Ain't it a shame? And you're to blame ♪ 510 00:31:43,610 --> 00:31:49,867 She worked so hard when she was singing that she often sweated. 511 00:31:49,908 --> 00:31:54,454 She's drenched after, like, two songs, 512 00:31:54,496 --> 00:31:58,500 because it involves all of who she is. 513 00:31:58,542 --> 00:32:00,377 ♪ Crazy, crazy ♪ 514 00:32:00,419 --> 00:32:02,546 There's some real stuff, man. 515 00:32:02,588 --> 00:32:05,173 ♪ Crazy ♪ 516 00:32:05,215 --> 00:32:11,722 Seeing a woman that looks like my grandma and my aunty in one, 517 00:32:11,764 --> 00:32:13,640 that's, like, the coolest thing. 518 00:32:13,682 --> 00:32:17,895 ♪ Give me that rhy-thm ♪ 519 00:32:17,936 --> 00:32:21,481 And then she's this pioneer as a musician. 520 00:32:21,523 --> 00:32:24,317 ♪ Soon a highbrow he has no brow, ain't it a shame? ♪ 521 00:32:24,359 --> 00:32:27,320 She made it seem like anything is possible. 522 00:32:27,362 --> 00:32:28,988 ♪ Got rock, we got roll ♪ 523 00:32:29,030 --> 00:32:30,741 ♪ We want to try To satisfy your soul ♪ 524 00:32:30,783 --> 00:32:32,951 ♪ We'd like to try To do the kind of song ♪ 525 00:32:32,992 --> 00:32:34,745 ♪ You know, the kind That you like to hear ♪ 526 00:32:34,787 --> 00:32:36,622 ♪ Like old song, new song ♪ 527 00:32:36,663 --> 00:32:40,375 When you listen to Ella's voice and her music, 528 00:32:40,417 --> 00:32:42,461 there are no limits. 529 00:32:42,502 --> 00:32:46,005 She can go to places 530 00:32:46,047 --> 00:32:48,842 that we can't even imagine, 531 00:32:48,884 --> 00:32:52,805 which, to me, is what is part of the mystery of music making. 532 00:32:58,226 --> 00:33:00,520 ♪ Crazy rhythm ♪ 533 00:33:00,562 --> 00:33:03,690 There she is, this stocky woman 534 00:33:03,732 --> 00:33:07,110 who looked like she could be a piano teacher 535 00:33:07,152 --> 00:33:10,363 or a librarian or a schoolteacher. 536 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,286 That's not what anyone expected 537 00:33:16,328 --> 00:33:22,250 of the girl who was fronting the Chick Webb Band. 538 00:33:22,292 --> 00:33:24,503 ["My Wubba Dolly" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 539 00:33:26,755 --> 00:33:29,257 Those years when Ella had her own band, 540 00:33:29,299 --> 00:33:31,927 some of the guys resented her as the leader. 541 00:33:35,096 --> 00:33:37,891 A few said she was tough, 542 00:33:37,933 --> 00:33:40,978 sometimes downright nasty. 543 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:47,066 After all, a girl's role was to sing, shut up and sit down. 544 00:33:47,108 --> 00:33:49,903 ["Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" by The Andrews Sisters plays] 545 00:33:57,577 --> 00:34:02,207 In December 1941, America entered World War II. 546 00:34:02,248 --> 00:34:05,544 ♪ He was a famous trumpet man From out Chicago way ♪ 547 00:34:05,585 --> 00:34:08,254 ♪ He had a boogie style That no one else could play ♪ 548 00:34:08,296 --> 00:34:11,090 Many musicians were drafted. 549 00:34:11,132 --> 00:34:12,467 ♪ But then his number came up ♪ 550 00:34:12,509 --> 00:34:14,011 ♪ And he was gone with the draft ♪ 551 00:34:14,052 --> 00:34:15,261 ♪ He's in the army now ♪ 552 00:34:15,303 --> 00:34:17,014 ♪ A-blowin' reveille ♪ 553 00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:20,350 ♪ He's the boogie woogie bugle Boy of Company B ♪ 554 00:34:20,392 --> 00:34:22,227 Within months, Ella Fitzgerald's 555 00:34:22,268 --> 00:34:23,937 Famous Orchestra disbanded. 556 00:34:26,815 --> 00:34:29,442 Ballads by a soulful young Sinatra 557 00:34:29,484 --> 00:34:31,987 and Glenn Miller's sentimental swing 558 00:34:32,029 --> 00:34:35,657 reflected the subdued mood of a country at war. 559 00:34:40,746 --> 00:34:43,206 Ella slipped from the Hit Parade. 560 00:34:46,167 --> 00:34:52,049 Ebony magazine asked, "What is Ella Fitzgerald's style today?" 561 00:34:52,090 --> 00:34:54,843 ["Flying Home" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 562 00:35:10,525 --> 00:35:14,738 She gave her astonishing answer in 1944, 563 00:35:14,780 --> 00:35:18,241 when she embraced the bop revolution. 564 00:35:32,505 --> 00:35:36,802 Fitzgerald's fascination with bebop started in the early '40s, 565 00:35:36,843 --> 00:35:39,596 but now she was ready to plunge in. 566 00:35:48,063 --> 00:35:52,109 The heart of the new music is Minton's Playhouse in Harlem, 567 00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:54,987 where Ella sometimes bopped with the boys. 568 00:36:01,576 --> 00:36:03,036 She hung out with Dizzy Gillespie 569 00:36:03,078 --> 00:36:06,081 for two tours, and two tours later 570 00:36:06,123 --> 00:36:08,625 she was improvising like a bebop musician. 571 00:36:15,841 --> 00:36:18,259 I can sum Ella up in one word... 572 00:36:20,345 --> 00:36:22,014 Wow. 573 00:36:31,397 --> 00:36:35,276 Ella was doing something that hadn't been done before, 574 00:36:35,318 --> 00:36:37,070 and not to that level. 575 00:36:40,198 --> 00:36:43,785 She could solo using her voice 576 00:36:43,827 --> 00:36:46,746 to the same level, with the same ease 577 00:36:46,788 --> 00:36:50,500 that a trumpeter or a saxophonist could. 578 00:36:57,632 --> 00:37:01,845 And I thought, "How is this humanly possible?" 579 00:37:07,433 --> 00:37:11,188 It's a feat of nature, it's a freak of nature. 580 00:37:11,229 --> 00:37:13,899 ["Sweet Georgia Brown" by Charlie Parker plays] 581 00:37:19,988 --> 00:37:23,742 Bop laid new territory for jazz. 582 00:37:23,783 --> 00:37:29,164 The heady cocktail of tearaway tempos and complex new harmonies 583 00:37:29,206 --> 00:37:32,542 blew away the conventions of swing music. 584 00:37:36,462 --> 00:37:40,175 That speaks to her musical adventurousness 585 00:37:40,217 --> 00:37:44,554 and her performer's awareness 586 00:37:44,596 --> 00:37:50,810 that she had to locate herself on a new and exciting landscape. 587 00:37:56,315 --> 00:37:58,985 It had to feel powerful, 588 00:37:59,027 --> 00:38:01,113 moving from being a girl singer, 589 00:38:01,154 --> 00:38:04,950 you know, to being the woman singer as musician. 590 00:38:16,711 --> 00:38:18,504 That had to be fantastic. 591 00:38:27,764 --> 00:38:29,348 In 1989, 592 00:38:29,390 --> 00:38:33,103 40 years after Ella was hanging out at Minton's, 593 00:38:33,145 --> 00:38:36,773 Kenny Barron would play on her final album. 594 00:38:36,815 --> 00:38:39,943 It was called 'All That Jazz'. 595 00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:48,994 She had great ears, you know. 596 00:38:49,035 --> 00:38:51,955 'Cause sometimes it's not just about 597 00:38:51,997 --> 00:38:54,624 knowing harmony and theory, intellectually, 598 00:38:54,666 --> 00:38:56,876 but it's also about what you can hear. 599 00:38:56,918 --> 00:39:00,255 And great singers have great ears. 600 00:39:00,297 --> 00:39:04,467 Even if they're not learned, they have great ears. 601 00:39:04,509 --> 00:39:08,721 They can hear where you're going and where the music should go. 602 00:39:16,562 --> 00:39:21,567 The beboppers use a harmonic vocabulary that was not known 603 00:39:21,609 --> 00:39:24,445 before Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. 604 00:39:28,074 --> 00:39:29,742 And things like "How High The Moon" 605 00:39:29,784 --> 00:39:32,078 were very much informed by the bebop movement. 606 00:39:39,460 --> 00:39:43,006 ♪ Somewhere there's heaven ♪ 607 00:39:43,048 --> 00:39:46,759 ♪ It's where you are ♪ 608 00:39:46,801 --> 00:39:50,471 Ella Fitzgerald married bass player Ray Brown, 609 00:39:50,513 --> 00:39:52,849 one of the key figures in bebop. 610 00:39:55,894 --> 00:39:59,898 They had fallen in love on tour with Dizzy Gillespie. 611 00:39:59,939 --> 00:40:03,568 ♪ Until you will How still my heart ♪ 612 00:40:03,609 --> 00:40:06,363 ♪ How high the moon ♪ 613 00:40:06,404 --> 00:40:09,115 She came into this world with that voice. 614 00:40:09,157 --> 00:40:11,117 She could just sing. 615 00:40:11,159 --> 00:40:14,787 But although her sound and her abilities 616 00:40:14,829 --> 00:40:16,706 were set in stone from the beginning, 617 00:40:16,748 --> 00:40:18,958 she developed hugely as a singer. 618 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:20,377 ♪ How high the moon ♪ 619 00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,587 ♪ Does it touch the stars ♪ 620 00:40:22,628 --> 00:40:24,714 She kept up with the boys, there's no question, 621 00:40:24,756 --> 00:40:27,633 and most of the time she outplayed them. 622 00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:31,054 She was improvising bebop like a great bebop musician. 623 00:40:38,353 --> 00:40:40,188 Ella had this genius way 624 00:40:40,230 --> 00:40:42,774 of incorporating other kinds of songs 625 00:40:42,815 --> 00:40:46,194 into the main body of her scat singing. 626 00:40:46,236 --> 00:40:49,948 It's not just, 'scatty wah, dot, dot, dot'. 627 00:40:49,989 --> 00:40:52,325 Every note she sings is harmonically sound, 628 00:40:52,367 --> 00:40:55,161 it fits within a certain pre-ordinated chord structure. 629 00:40:55,203 --> 00:40:57,330 And when she does these quotes, 630 00:40:57,372 --> 00:40:59,416 they're also from the same chord structure. 631 00:40:59,457 --> 00:41:01,960 And that's the thing that's so genius, 632 00:41:02,001 --> 00:41:04,462 that she could be able to pull that stuff out of the air. 633 00:41:10,676 --> 00:41:12,220 It's that part of singing 634 00:41:12,262 --> 00:41:18,143 that's just the most joyous place to sing from. 635 00:41:18,184 --> 00:41:23,648 You know, skipping through puddles 636 00:41:23,689 --> 00:41:28,820 that could be six feet deep and never sinking. 637 00:41:28,861 --> 00:41:30,905 It's like a rollercoaster ride. 638 00:41:30,947 --> 00:41:33,241 ♪ Though the words may be wrong to this song ♪ 639 00:41:33,283 --> 00:41:38,121 ♪ We hope to make high, high High, high ♪ 640 00:41:38,163 --> 00:41:39,914 It's one thing to sing, 641 00:41:39,956 --> 00:41:42,417 it's another thing to improvise singing or scatting, 642 00:41:42,459 --> 00:41:44,419 because you're using a musical language 643 00:41:44,461 --> 00:41:47,088 that is so different to straight singing. 644 00:41:53,761 --> 00:41:57,890 [narrator] During a memorable concert in Berlin in 1960, 645 00:41:57,932 --> 00:42:02,603 Ella explodes with a five minute scat version 646 00:42:02,645 --> 00:42:04,856 of "How High The Moon". 647 00:42:13,781 --> 00:42:15,783 These are the songs that she quotes: 648 00:42:15,825 --> 00:42:18,370 "Poinciana", "Deep Purple", 649 00:42:18,411 --> 00:42:22,790 "Love In Bloom", "Ornithology", "I Cover the Waterfront"... 650 00:42:27,045 --> 00:42:31,007 "The Irish Washerwoman", "Hawaiian War Chant"... 651 00:42:31,049 --> 00:42:32,384 "The Peanut Vendor". 652 00:42:39,265 --> 00:42:40,599 "Peter Peter Pumpkin Eater", 653 00:42:40,641 --> 00:42:43,228 which is another swinging nursery rhyme. 654 00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:51,236 Quoting from more than 40 songs, 655 00:42:51,277 --> 00:42:53,321 nursery rhymes, symphonies, 656 00:42:53,363 --> 00:42:57,909 folk tunes, jigs, bop solos, show hits, 657 00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:00,828 a joyous torrent of invention. 658 00:43:04,665 --> 00:43:06,084 "Stormy Weather", 659 00:43:06,125 --> 00:43:08,461 "Yes We Have No Bananas", although in minor, 660 00:43:08,503 --> 00:43:09,879 usually played in major, 661 00:43:09,921 --> 00:43:11,630 a little bit of "Flight of the Bumblebee", 662 00:43:11,672 --> 00:43:13,883 another few notes of "Deep Purple". 663 00:43:13,925 --> 00:43:16,261 "Did You Ever See A Dream Walking". 664 00:43:18,555 --> 00:43:19,889 "Got To Be This Or That", 665 00:43:19,931 --> 00:43:23,059 which was a novelty song from about 1946. 666 00:43:23,101 --> 00:43:26,687 A few notes of the "Rhapsody in Blue". "Idaho". 667 00:43:29,899 --> 00:43:34,320 ♪ I guess these people wonder What I'm singing ♪ 668 00:43:34,362 --> 00:43:37,698 After that there's "A-Tisket A-Tasket". 669 00:43:37,740 --> 00:43:39,700 ♪ Dream walking Well, I did ♪ 670 00:43:39,742 --> 00:43:42,912 ♪ A-tisket a-tasket I lost my yellow basket ♪ 671 00:43:42,954 --> 00:43:47,041 ♪ Guess I'd better quit While I'm ahead ♪ 672 00:43:47,083 --> 00:43:50,044 And then she ends the scat with "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes". 673 00:43:50,086 --> 00:43:54,632 ♪ They ask me how I knew My true love was true ♪ 674 00:43:54,673 --> 00:43:56,509 She sings "as sweat gets in my eyes", 675 00:43:56,551 --> 00:43:58,844 because by that point she's really perspiring. 676 00:43:58,886 --> 00:44:02,181 ♪ Sweat gets in my eyes ♪ 677 00:44:02,223 --> 00:44:05,768 ♪ High, high, high, high, high ♪ 678 00:44:05,810 --> 00:44:12,108 ♪ Is the moon ♪ 679 00:44:15,487 --> 00:44:17,738 Her mind just went from one song to another. 680 00:44:17,780 --> 00:44:20,617 What kind of a catalogue do you have in your head to do that? 681 00:44:20,658 --> 00:44:23,328 I can't even begin to think about that. 682 00:44:23,369 --> 00:44:24,996 And again, in the '70s, 683 00:44:25,037 --> 00:44:27,582 right here on this stage at Ronnie Scott's. 684 00:44:27,624 --> 00:44:33,588 ♪ No girl made has got a shade On sweet Georgia Brown ♪ 685 00:44:33,630 --> 00:44:35,256 ♪ Two left feet ♪ 686 00:44:35,298 --> 00:44:36,841 The way she plays 687 00:44:36,882 --> 00:44:39,093 with that ancient song, "Sweet Georgia Brown", 688 00:44:39,135 --> 00:44:40,845 it swings so hard. 689 00:44:40,886 --> 00:44:42,597 That's the other thing about her. 690 00:44:42,639 --> 00:44:47,644 Her sense of swing, it makes you do that swing face. 691 00:44:47,685 --> 00:44:51,063 It's like it almost hurts you it swings so hard. 692 00:44:51,105 --> 00:44:53,941 ♪ No gal, not a gal ♪ 693 00:44:53,983 --> 00:44:56,819 ♪ Got a shade on Georgia Brown ♪ 694 00:44:56,861 --> 00:44:59,696 ♪ Two feet, so neat ♪ 695 00:44:59,738 --> 00:45:02,741 ♪ Hey, that Georgia Brown ♪ 696 00:45:02,783 --> 00:45:05,453 ♪ They sigh, and want to cry ♪ 697 00:45:05,495 --> 00:45:08,080 ♪ For Georgia Brown ♪ 698 00:45:08,122 --> 00:45:10,791 ♪ Listen, while I tell ya ♪ 699 00:45:10,833 --> 00:45:12,544 ♪ You know, you know, you know, you know ♪ 700 00:45:12,585 --> 00:45:14,379 ♪ You know I don't lie ♪ 701 00:45:14,420 --> 00:45:15,963 You can't help but be reeled in 702 00:45:16,005 --> 00:45:18,966 by that level of joy and excellence. 703 00:45:19,008 --> 00:45:20,218 It's one of the reasons 704 00:45:20,259 --> 00:45:22,220 it's worth being on this planet, right? 705 00:45:23,971 --> 00:45:26,474 ["Miss Blandish" by John Scott plays] 706 00:45:30,645 --> 00:45:32,438 From 1947, 707 00:45:32,480 --> 00:45:35,358 Herman Leonard began documenting jazz, 708 00:45:35,400 --> 00:45:37,527 and especially the rise of bebop. 709 00:45:39,487 --> 00:45:42,490 He photographed Ella, and their friendship 710 00:45:42,532 --> 00:45:45,742 produced some of her most lasting images. 711 00:45:54,085 --> 00:45:55,712 ♪♪ 712 00:46:08,015 --> 00:46:10,101 Ella adored children. 713 00:46:12,186 --> 00:46:16,107 She had always wanted kids, but she couldn't have her own. 714 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:24,781 In 1949, Ray and Ella adopted her half-sister's infant son. 715 00:46:26,284 --> 00:46:28,827 They called him Ray Junior. 716 00:46:30,747 --> 00:46:32,373 I grew up in this business 717 00:46:32,415 --> 00:46:34,959 seeing people who had huge careers 718 00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:37,086 and they all had one thing in common, 719 00:46:37,128 --> 00:46:39,796 they all had very screwed up private lives 720 00:46:39,838 --> 00:46:43,760 because they all led that dual existence. 721 00:46:46,178 --> 00:46:48,347 Ella and her husband struggled 722 00:46:48,389 --> 00:46:53,060 to reconcile a non-stop touring schedule with their marriage. 723 00:46:53,102 --> 00:46:56,105 I saw the collateral damage from women in the business 724 00:46:56,147 --> 00:46:58,983 who had said, "I'm going to have a career 725 00:46:59,024 --> 00:47:01,402 and I'll be back in a minute", to the kids, 726 00:47:01,444 --> 00:47:03,946 and "I'll be back in a couple of weeks", to the husband. 727 00:47:03,988 --> 00:47:05,364 And after a while, it's like, 728 00:47:05,406 --> 00:47:06,949 "Who's this woman coming into our house?" 729 00:47:08,576 --> 00:47:14,165 By 1953, Ray and Ella were divorced, 730 00:47:14,206 --> 00:47:17,585 but they never stopped playing and touring together. 731 00:47:20,212 --> 00:47:21,880 When I first met her, 732 00:47:21,922 --> 00:47:25,134 I think her marriage had broken up with Ray 733 00:47:25,176 --> 00:47:30,348 and she never seemed to have a strong love life in her life. 734 00:47:31,474 --> 00:47:33,017 It gives you strength, 735 00:47:33,058 --> 00:47:37,605 when you've got a bloke that will support you. 736 00:47:37,647 --> 00:47:41,693 You always need a bloke to support you. 737 00:47:41,734 --> 00:47:45,446 In 1941, when I started Jazz at the Philharmonic, 738 00:47:45,488 --> 00:47:48,658 I used many of the musicians from the Chick Webb Orchestra, 739 00:47:48,700 --> 00:47:52,161 that was then led by Ella Fitzgerald. 740 00:47:52,203 --> 00:47:54,038 To show you how bad my taste was, 741 00:47:54,079 --> 00:47:56,541 I used everyone in the orchestra but the singer. 742 00:47:56,582 --> 00:47:58,543 And so now I'd like to correct that 743 00:47:58,584 --> 00:48:01,587 and introduce the best singer there is in jazz today, 744 00:48:01,629 --> 00:48:02,797 the great Ella Fitzgerald. 745 00:48:05,758 --> 00:48:06,967 Thank you. 746 00:48:09,220 --> 00:48:10,429 Thank you. 747 00:48:13,641 --> 00:48:18,354 ♪ Love ♪ 748 00:48:18,396 --> 00:48:25,319 ♪ For sale ♪ 749 00:48:25,361 --> 00:48:31,283 ♪ Advertising young love ♪ 750 00:48:31,325 --> 00:48:37,039 ♪ For sale ♪ 751 00:48:37,081 --> 00:48:38,957 Ella's life and her music 752 00:48:38,999 --> 00:48:42,294 took another new direction in the 1950s. 753 00:48:42,336 --> 00:48:47,216 It brought her international acclaim and enduring fame. 754 00:48:47,258 --> 00:48:49,635 Her new manager, Norman Granz, 755 00:48:49,677 --> 00:48:52,764 was determined to take her out of the little jazz clubs 756 00:48:52,805 --> 00:48:56,809 and on to the world's great concert stages. 757 00:48:56,851 --> 00:49:00,229 ♪ A foggy day ♪ 758 00:49:00,271 --> 00:49:03,775 ♪ In London town ♪ 759 00:49:03,816 --> 00:49:09,739 Had me low, had me down ♪ 760 00:49:09,781 --> 00:49:11,490 ♪ I viewed the morning ♪ 761 00:49:11,532 --> 00:49:13,576 Granz matched Ella's voice 762 00:49:13,618 --> 00:49:16,662 with the music of the Great American Songbook. 763 00:49:16,704 --> 00:49:18,581 ♪ The weather is frightening ♪ 764 00:49:18,623 --> 00:49:24,545 ♪ The thunder and lightning Seem to be having their way ♪ 765 00:49:24,587 --> 00:49:27,799 ♪ But as far as I'm concerned ♪ 766 00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:29,966 ♪ It's a lovely day ♪ 767 00:49:30,008 --> 00:49:33,930 The records are the heart of Granz' new Verve label, 768 00:49:33,970 --> 00:49:36,056 that he'd created for Ella. 769 00:49:36,098 --> 00:49:40,269 ♪ A fine romance ♪ 770 00:49:40,311 --> 00:49:43,397 ♪ With no kisses ♪ 771 00:49:43,439 --> 00:49:47,902 An affluent post-war America can afford the new LPs 772 00:49:47,944 --> 00:49:50,028 and the hi-fis to play them on. 773 00:49:51,405 --> 00:49:52,698 Norman Granz had this idea 774 00:49:52,740 --> 00:49:55,576 to have her do these Songbook albums, 775 00:49:55,618 --> 00:50:00,247 which were sophisticated records with orchestras. 776 00:50:00,289 --> 00:50:03,584 It wasn't "A-Tisket A-Tasket" or "When I Get Low I Get High". 777 00:50:03,626 --> 00:50:05,210 It wasn't novelty tunes, 778 00:50:05,252 --> 00:50:08,046 it was her as a more mature woman, as a more mature artist, 779 00:50:08,088 --> 00:50:09,799 and now reinventing herself. 780 00:50:09,841 --> 00:50:12,301 So, Norman Granz is responsible for that. 781 00:50:12,343 --> 00:50:16,180 ♪ Every time ♪ 782 00:50:16,221 --> 00:50:20,434 ♪ We say goodbye ♪ 783 00:50:20,476 --> 00:50:24,480 ♪ I die a little ♪ 784 00:50:25,898 --> 00:50:27,316 First I thought, I said, 785 00:50:27,358 --> 00:50:29,276 "My gosh, what is Norman doing? 786 00:50:29,318 --> 00:50:31,612 He's taking me away from my jazz 787 00:50:31,654 --> 00:50:34,782 and who wants to listen to me singing this?" 788 00:50:34,824 --> 00:50:40,663 ♪ Heaven, I'm in heaven ♪ 789 00:50:40,705 --> 00:50:47,545 ♪ And my heart beats So that I can hardly speak ♪ 790 00:50:47,586 --> 00:50:54,343 But it was funny, I just gained oh so many fans all over the world, 791 00:50:54,385 --> 00:50:56,804 so it was like a new beginning. 792 00:50:56,846 --> 00:50:58,848 ♪ Let's do it ♪ 793 00:50:59,891 --> 00:51:05,229 ♪ Let's fall in love ♪ 794 00:51:05,270 --> 00:51:08,566 Norman Granz took Ella out of the jazz clubs 795 00:51:08,607 --> 00:51:12,028 and put her in the world of the American Songbook. 796 00:51:12,068 --> 00:51:14,488 And he took her out of "A-Tisket A-Tasket" world 797 00:51:14,530 --> 00:51:16,490 into another world. 798 00:51:16,532 --> 00:51:22,246 ♪ There is nothing for me ♪ 799 00:51:22,287 --> 00:51:29,336 ♪ But to love you ♪ 800 00:51:29,378 --> 00:51:33,632 I liked Ella when she sang ballads, I must say, very much. 801 00:51:33,674 --> 00:51:36,218 I found them very touching, very moving, 802 00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:38,596 and I thought she knew what she was talking about. 803 00:51:38,637 --> 00:51:45,185 ♪ Just the way you look ♪ 804 00:51:45,227 --> 00:51:52,108 ♪ Tonight ♪ 805 00:51:52,150 --> 00:51:53,903 Norman seized that moment, 806 00:51:53,945 --> 00:51:56,572 using not only the definitive songwriters, 807 00:51:56,614 --> 00:51:59,700 but Ella Fitzgerald, who he realised 808 00:51:59,742 --> 00:52:01,285 was the definitive interpreter 809 00:52:01,326 --> 00:52:04,622 of that music, and helped to establish her as that 810 00:52:04,663 --> 00:52:06,749 with these great Songbook packages. 811 00:52:06,791 --> 00:52:08,960 ♪ It's very fancy ♪ 812 00:52:09,001 --> 00:52:13,129 ♪ On old Delancey Street You know ♪ 813 00:52:13,171 --> 00:52:16,008 People did not take these songs seriously before Ella, 814 00:52:16,050 --> 00:52:18,510 they just thought that they were ephemeral. 815 00:52:18,552 --> 00:52:22,138 ♪ When Broadway breezes blow ♪ 816 00:52:22,180 --> 00:52:24,475 ♪ To and fro ♪ 817 00:52:24,516 --> 00:52:28,646 But for Norman and Ella, to come along and preserve these songs 818 00:52:28,687 --> 00:52:31,774 and say, "This is what Americans should be proud of 819 00:52:31,816 --> 00:52:33,776 and this is the way to present them", 820 00:52:33,818 --> 00:52:35,444 was really a radical move. 821 00:52:35,486 --> 00:52:40,282 ♪ Gliding by ♪ 822 00:52:40,324 --> 00:52:42,827 To think that this girl that sang "A-Tisket A-Tasket", 823 00:52:42,868 --> 00:52:45,287 20 years after that, was making the definitive Songbook 824 00:52:45,329 --> 00:52:48,582 of George Gershwin, of Richard Rodgers, of Jerome Kern, 825 00:52:48,624 --> 00:52:51,251 and the one who would be taking jazz and the American Songbook 826 00:52:51,293 --> 00:52:56,007 to Berlin, to Helsinki, to Tokyo. 827 00:52:56,048 --> 00:52:59,093 You know, to think that she would go from that beginning 828 00:52:59,135 --> 00:53:01,470 to be the one who defined the Songbook, 829 00:53:01,512 --> 00:53:04,348 to me, is just miraculous. 830 00:53:04,389 --> 00:53:08,310 ♪ We'll go to Coney And eat baloney ♪ 831 00:53:08,352 --> 00:53:12,064 Ella's Songbooks confirmed her as a superstar. 832 00:53:12,106 --> 00:53:15,818 ♪ In Central Park we'll stroll ♪ 833 00:53:15,860 --> 00:53:18,236 ♪ Where our first kiss we stole ♪ 834 00:53:18,278 --> 00:53:20,823 But the reluctance of music promoters 835 00:53:20,865 --> 00:53:24,910 and TV and radio producers to book black artists 836 00:53:24,952 --> 00:53:29,331 remained a frustration for both Granz and Fitzgerald. 837 00:53:29,373 --> 00:53:33,794 ♪ We both may see it close ♪ 838 00:53:33,836 --> 00:53:37,422 ♪ Someday ♪ 839 00:53:37,464 --> 00:53:43,428 ♪ The city's clamour Can never spoil ♪ 840 00:53:43,470 --> 00:53:48,642 ♪ The dreams of a boy and goil ♪ 841 00:53:48,684 --> 00:53:50,769 I got that line right. 842 00:53:50,811 --> 00:53:53,064 ♪ We'll turn Manhattan ♪ 843 00:53:53,105 --> 00:53:58,986 ♪ Into an isle of joy ♪ 844 00:54:05,993 --> 00:54:08,328 Fancy nightclubs were also unwilling 845 00:54:08,370 --> 00:54:12,248 to offend white customers by booking black stars. 846 00:54:14,292 --> 00:54:16,294 Norman Granz was trying to get her booked 847 00:54:16,336 --> 00:54:17,963 in these high class, 848 00:54:18,005 --> 00:54:22,342 very, very white upper-crusty Hollywood establishments. 849 00:54:22,384 --> 00:54:25,429 And at that point they were very hesitant 850 00:54:25,470 --> 00:54:27,305 to hire African Americans. 851 00:54:27,347 --> 00:54:30,726 ♪ You're just too marvellous ♪ 852 00:54:30,768 --> 00:54:34,438 ♪ Too marvellous for words ♪ 853 00:54:34,479 --> 00:54:37,149 Marilyn Monroe loved Ella Fitzgerald, 854 00:54:37,191 --> 00:54:40,027 and said, "Whatever you need, however I can help you, 855 00:54:40,069 --> 00:54:41,570 I am going to do that". 856 00:54:41,612 --> 00:54:44,823 And she went to the owner at a club, 857 00:54:44,865 --> 00:54:48,202 she said, "If you don't open these doors to everybody, 858 00:54:48,244 --> 00:54:51,080 I'll make sure nobody shows up". 859 00:54:51,122 --> 00:54:52,873 And she came to the club every night, 860 00:54:52,915 --> 00:54:54,666 and half the reason people showed up 861 00:54:54,708 --> 00:54:57,293 was because Marilyn Monroe is sitting in the front row going, 862 00:54:59,046 --> 00:55:00,505 "Yo, Ella!" 863 00:55:00,547 --> 00:55:04,426 ♪ And so I'm borrowing ♪ 864 00:55:04,468 --> 00:55:07,721 ♪ A love song from the birds ♪ 865 00:55:07,763 --> 00:55:11,058 ♪ To tell you that You're marvellous ♪ 866 00:55:11,100 --> 00:55:17,439 ♪ Too marvelous for words ♪ 867 00:55:24,529 --> 00:55:26,282 But in the South, 868 00:55:26,322 --> 00:55:31,536 Fitzgerald and Granz faced the harsh realities of racism. 869 00:55:31,578 --> 00:55:34,832 One night, there were three Houston detectives 870 00:55:34,873 --> 00:55:37,417 who said they wanted to be backstage, 871 00:55:37,459 --> 00:55:42,464 and ended up busting into Ella's dressing room. 872 00:55:44,675 --> 00:55:47,970 Somebody was shooting dice and I got arrested. 873 00:55:48,012 --> 00:55:50,181 And they took me to the jail. 874 00:55:50,222 --> 00:55:52,683 And they took all of us to the jail, right. 875 00:55:54,392 --> 00:55:56,854 The detective pulled a gun on Norman 876 00:55:56,895 --> 00:55:59,273 and said, "I ought to shoot you". 877 00:56:01,608 --> 00:56:03,359 Norman said, "I'll cancel this show, 878 00:56:03,401 --> 00:56:05,070 and that's 2,000 people". 879 00:56:05,112 --> 00:56:07,948 "That's your problem, you deal with that". 880 00:56:09,825 --> 00:56:12,452 But he'd been pushing it from the very beginning 881 00:56:12,494 --> 00:56:16,040 when he came in the afternoon of the concert 882 00:56:16,081 --> 00:56:19,210 and personally took down the 'white' and 'coloured' signs 883 00:56:19,251 --> 00:56:20,794 from the doors. 884 00:56:22,420 --> 00:56:24,173 It was so funny, they wouldn't want us 885 00:56:24,215 --> 00:56:26,717 to go in a restaurant or have something to eat. 886 00:56:26,758 --> 00:56:28,260 And yet, the moment I walked in to jail, 887 00:56:28,302 --> 00:56:30,386 they were all asking for my autograph. 888 00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:34,725 By the time they got down to the station, 889 00:56:34,766 --> 00:56:36,352 the press was there. 890 00:56:36,392 --> 00:56:40,147 He just knew that yes, this really was a set-up, 891 00:56:40,189 --> 00:56:46,028 and ended up suing the police department to get the bail back. 892 00:56:46,070 --> 00:56:50,448 If you messed with Norman Granz, you swallowed the hook whole. 893 00:56:53,702 --> 00:56:56,080 Ella Fitzgerald joined Norman Granz 894 00:56:56,121 --> 00:56:59,624 and his musicians on long international tours 895 00:56:59,666 --> 00:57:03,545 under the banner Jazz at the Philharmonic. 896 00:57:03,587 --> 00:57:06,215 And now Miss Fitzgerald, Roy Eldridge, Oscar Peterson, 897 00:57:06,257 --> 00:57:08,800 the rest of the show combined to give you a jazz classic 898 00:57:08,842 --> 00:57:11,427 called "It Don't Mean A Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing". 899 00:57:14,306 --> 00:57:19,895 JATP was celebrated for its uproarious jam sessions, 900 00:57:19,937 --> 00:57:23,941 sometimes dismissed by purists as a circus. 901 00:57:23,982 --> 00:57:25,984 ♪ It don't mean a thing ♪ 902 00:57:26,026 --> 00:57:29,113 ♪ If you ain't got that swing ♪ 903 00:57:32,908 --> 00:57:34,826 ♪ It don't mean a thing ♪ 904 00:57:34,868 --> 00:57:37,121 Ella was an essential presence, 905 00:57:37,162 --> 00:57:38,789 bringing her Songbook ballads 906 00:57:38,830 --> 00:57:41,666 -and up-tempo scat to the mix. -[crowd chatter] 907 00:57:41,708 --> 00:57:46,504 ♪ It makes no difference if it's sweet or hot ♪ 908 00:57:46,546 --> 00:57:48,215 We travel, almost... 909 00:57:48,257 --> 00:57:52,636 Every day we're playing a different country or city. 910 00:57:54,012 --> 00:57:56,181 Sometimes we play two cities a day. 911 00:58:02,146 --> 00:58:04,356 Norman Granz was always obsessed 912 00:58:04,398 --> 00:58:05,649 with his jazz concerts 913 00:58:05,690 --> 00:58:08,777 as a way of fighting prejudice. 914 00:58:08,819 --> 00:58:14,074 He called JATP "a race blind democracy of talent". 915 00:58:19,204 --> 00:58:23,792 As a character, Norman Granz was a righteous man. 916 00:58:23,834 --> 00:58:28,964 He really saw evils of segregation and was determined 917 00:58:29,006 --> 00:58:32,926 to campaign against segregation within jazz music. 918 00:58:42,478 --> 00:58:45,314 When Granz emerges and says, 919 00:58:45,356 --> 00:58:46,857 "I believe in equality, 920 00:58:46,898 --> 00:58:49,276 I believe that black musicians and white musicians 921 00:58:49,318 --> 00:58:50,902 should be equally presented. 922 00:58:50,944 --> 00:58:52,696 They should be able to stay in the same hotels, 923 00:58:52,737 --> 00:58:54,781 they should be able to share the same bandstand". 924 00:58:54,823 --> 00:58:56,450 It's not only radical in the period, 925 00:58:56,492 --> 00:58:58,202 but it certainly earned some of the respect 926 00:58:58,243 --> 00:59:01,246 of a lot of musicians, both black and white. 927 00:59:03,874 --> 00:59:07,961 Norman Granz produced the very first tour I did to Europe, 928 00:59:08,003 --> 00:59:10,255 I was with Dizzy at the time. 929 00:59:10,297 --> 00:59:12,508 But one of the things that Norman did there was, 930 00:59:12,549 --> 00:59:18,347 mid-way through the tour he gave all sidemen a $100 bill, 931 00:59:18,389 --> 00:59:20,682 which was a lot of money then. 932 00:59:20,724 --> 00:59:22,226 And he said, "Look, this is just 933 00:59:22,267 --> 00:59:25,396 for being on time and doing your job". 934 00:59:25,437 --> 00:59:26,646 Which I thought was great. 935 00:59:31,527 --> 00:59:33,445 The relationship between Norman Granz 936 00:59:33,487 --> 00:59:36,740 and Ella Fitzgerald wasn't always easy. 937 00:59:36,781 --> 00:59:40,702 He was dictating many of her music choices, 938 00:59:40,744 --> 00:59:44,831 but his urge to control could be stifling. 939 00:59:44,873 --> 00:59:49,545 Norman, whenever he was around either Basie or Ella, 940 00:59:49,586 --> 00:59:52,381 he would tell them, "You're gonna open with this, 941 00:59:52,423 --> 00:59:54,466 you're gonna do this, you're gonna play this". 942 00:59:54,508 --> 00:59:57,177 He was almost like Svengali. 943 00:59:57,219 --> 00:59:58,803 Norman could be nasty 944 00:59:58,845 --> 01:00:03,725 and control was his total direction in life, 945 01:00:03,767 --> 01:00:06,811 to control his world. 946 01:00:06,853 --> 01:00:08,646 Frank Sinatra was talking to Ella , 947 01:00:08,688 --> 01:00:11,066 and Norman Granz comes up and starts telling Frank 948 01:00:11,108 --> 01:00:13,610 what he thinks Frank should open with, 949 01:00:13,651 --> 01:00:16,447 and Frank had him thrown out of the theatre. 950 01:00:16,488 --> 01:00:19,116 Norman was a proud guy, and at that point he said, 951 01:00:19,157 --> 01:00:23,328 "OK, Ella Fitzgerald doesn't work with Frank Sinatra anymore". 952 01:00:23,370 --> 01:00:27,958 But always, Ella remained Ella. 953 01:00:27,999 --> 01:00:32,129 Norman Granz was a voluminous collector of Picasso. 954 01:00:32,170 --> 01:00:36,633 He also knew Picasso, hung with Picasso. 955 01:00:36,674 --> 01:00:40,429 And he asked Ella if she would like to go and meet Picasso 956 01:00:40,471 --> 01:00:44,516 and she said, "No, I'm darning socks this afternoon". 957 01:00:44,558 --> 01:00:49,854 ♪ All you've gotta do is swing ♪ 958 01:00:49,896 --> 01:00:51,982 He did his job. 959 01:00:52,023 --> 01:00:54,234 He had a goal in mind. 960 01:00:54,276 --> 01:00:56,320 He was focused on that goal, 961 01:00:56,361 --> 01:01:00,449 and they reached that goal together. 962 01:01:00,491 --> 01:01:03,743 So, it was a good marriage in that way. 963 01:01:10,792 --> 01:01:13,753 One of the all-time greats of popular music 964 01:01:13,795 --> 01:01:17,715 is a wonderful lady by the name of Ella Fitzgerald. 965 01:01:17,757 --> 01:01:20,969 In between her tours, Ella Fitzgerald and her son 966 01:01:21,011 --> 01:01:23,263 live in this house on a quiet street 967 01:01:23,305 --> 01:01:25,599 in Los Angeles, California. 968 01:01:25,641 --> 01:01:28,143 -Hello, Ella. -Hi, Charles. 969 01:01:28,185 --> 01:01:30,604 It was the 1950s. 970 01:01:30,646 --> 01:01:32,606 Beverly Hills was not happy 971 01:01:32,648 --> 01:01:35,192 about African Americans moving in. 972 01:01:36,109 --> 01:01:38,111 Ella was a global star, 973 01:01:38,153 --> 01:01:42,199 but Norman Granz had to buy her house in his name. 974 01:01:42,240 --> 01:01:43,992 I know how busy you are, 975 01:01:44,034 --> 01:01:45,743 I'm glad we caught you between tours. 976 01:01:45,785 --> 01:01:48,746 Thank you. Yes, you're right when you say between tours. 977 01:01:48,788 --> 01:01:51,542 We just finished a 6-weeks tour in Europe 978 01:01:51,583 --> 01:01:54,794 and we're about ready to go to South America for 6 weeks. 979 01:01:54,836 --> 01:01:56,754 With your schedule, it sounds to me 980 01:01:56,796 --> 01:01:58,423 as though you don't get to spend much time 981 01:01:58,465 --> 01:02:00,258 at home here in California. 982 01:02:00,300 --> 01:02:04,012 I wish I could. Unfortunately I don't, Charles. 983 01:02:04,054 --> 01:02:07,683 But I would love to, especially because of my son. 984 01:02:09,142 --> 01:02:11,895 Here's my son, Raymond Brown Jr. 985 01:02:11,936 --> 01:02:14,022 Ray, are you planning a career in music 986 01:02:14,064 --> 01:02:16,483 like your mother or haven't you decided yet? 987 01:02:16,525 --> 01:02:20,862 Well, I like piano, but I think I'd rather be a baseball player. 988 01:02:23,657 --> 01:02:25,659 Musicians that my mother worked with 989 01:02:25,701 --> 01:02:29,787 would let me play their horns or play drums. 990 01:02:29,829 --> 01:02:32,832 Yeah, there are some really, really nice moments. 991 01:02:32,874 --> 01:02:35,835 Roy Eldridge used to let me play his trumpet. 992 01:02:37,588 --> 01:02:40,298 We went to Basie's house, 993 01:02:40,340 --> 01:02:46,137 and he had this huge table with a train set on it, 994 01:02:46,179 --> 01:02:47,931 and it was just spectacular. 995 01:02:51,685 --> 01:02:54,854 Occasionally, my mum would call me out on stage 996 01:02:54,896 --> 01:02:57,023 and we'd dance together on stage. 997 01:02:58,650 --> 01:03:00,068 I loved my mum. 998 01:03:03,947 --> 01:03:10,579 We had the usual turmoils that go on in family life. 999 01:03:10,621 --> 01:03:13,957 I can remember having those moments 1000 01:03:13,998 --> 01:03:17,711 when I was very upset with my mother, and I ran up to my room. 1001 01:03:17,753 --> 01:03:20,756 And I had my little turntable, 1002 01:03:20,797 --> 01:03:25,552 and I would put on The Who's "My Generation". 1003 01:03:25,594 --> 01:03:27,971 I'd just crank it as loud as I could 1004 01:03:28,012 --> 01:03:30,307 'cause that's how I felt about it. 1005 01:03:30,348 --> 01:03:31,933 Yeah. 1006 01:03:36,396 --> 01:03:38,732 There was a couple that she had hired, 1007 01:03:38,774 --> 01:03:41,610 Chester and Juanita Matlock, 1008 01:03:41,652 --> 01:03:45,238 and it was Chester's job 1009 01:03:45,280 --> 01:03:48,908 to keep me on the straight and narrow. 1010 01:03:50,243 --> 01:03:53,163 At some point, they told my mother 1011 01:03:53,204 --> 01:03:58,209 that I needed a little more discipline in my life. 1012 01:03:58,251 --> 01:04:01,838 And so they recommended a Catholic military school. 1013 01:04:09,680 --> 01:04:15,310 The joy of getting up every morning and going to Mass, 1014 01:04:15,352 --> 01:04:20,732 I got to fight every day with my fellow classmates. 1015 01:04:22,484 --> 01:04:25,696 Marching, fight time. 1016 01:04:28,114 --> 01:04:29,533 I tried out for the orchestra, 1017 01:04:29,574 --> 01:04:31,117 and they said, "What do you wanna play?" 1018 01:04:31,159 --> 01:04:32,661 I said, "I wanna play trumpet". 1019 01:04:32,703 --> 01:04:35,079 So the band master looked at me and he said, 1020 01:04:35,121 --> 01:04:38,291 "Well, you can't play trumpet, your lips are too big". 1021 01:04:40,752 --> 01:04:42,754 So they gave me a trombone. 1022 01:04:45,131 --> 01:04:49,594 Because you have such long periods of being apart, 1023 01:04:49,636 --> 01:04:54,307 and who knows how long it'll be before you see each other again, 1024 01:04:54,349 --> 01:05:00,897 there are times that's lonely and I think music really helps. 1025 01:05:00,938 --> 01:05:04,234 It's something that helps settle the heart. 1026 01:05:06,152 --> 01:05:11,157 ♪ I could cry salty tears ♪ 1027 01:05:12,450 --> 01:05:15,662 ♪ Where have I been ♪ 1028 01:05:15,704 --> 01:05:19,916 ♪ All these years? ♪ 1029 01:05:19,957 --> 01:05:22,919 ♪ Little wow ♪ 1030 01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:25,881 ♪ Tell me now ♪ 1031 01:05:25,922 --> 01:05:32,804 ♪ How long has this Been going on? ♪ 1032 01:05:32,846 --> 01:05:35,640 ["A House Is Not A Home" by Ella Fitzgerald plays] 1033 01:05:39,269 --> 01:05:42,773 Now my son is at the age where I would really like 1034 01:05:42,814 --> 01:05:45,191 to spend a little more time at home. 1035 01:05:50,655 --> 01:05:53,491 And I am a woman, and you do get lonesome. 1036 01:05:53,533 --> 01:05:56,369 And I don't care how much singing you do, 1037 01:05:56,411 --> 01:05:59,330 and I don't care how much audience you have, 1038 01:05:59,372 --> 01:06:04,961 there are times when you go home, it's kinda lonesome 1039 01:06:05,002 --> 01:06:10,341 without that one person that you could tell those troubles to. 1040 01:06:13,762 --> 01:06:16,640 Someone that you just feel you can say something to them, 1041 01:06:16,681 --> 01:06:18,224 the little intimate things that you 1042 01:06:18,266 --> 01:06:21,185 wouldn't think of saying to anyone else. 1043 01:06:21,227 --> 01:06:22,646 I've got this big house, 1044 01:06:22,687 --> 01:06:25,315 but a house isn't a house without a man. 1045 01:06:25,356 --> 01:06:31,321 ♪ A chair is still a chair ♪ 1046 01:06:31,362 --> 01:06:35,116 ♪ Even when there's no one ♪ 1047 01:06:35,158 --> 01:06:39,788 ♪ Sitting there ♪ 1048 01:06:40,997 --> 01:06:43,249 I love my work. 1049 01:06:43,291 --> 01:06:45,836 I guess that's one reason why I haven't gotten married again, 1050 01:06:45,877 --> 01:06:48,254 because I don't think I would ever want 1051 01:06:48,296 --> 01:06:51,257 to really just stop singing altogether. 1052 01:06:51,299 --> 01:06:56,137 It would have to be someone that realised I love what I'm doing. 1053 01:06:56,179 --> 01:07:01,100 ♪ And no one there you can kiss ♪ 1054 01:07:01,142 --> 01:07:04,813 ♪ Goodnight ♪ 1055 01:07:04,855 --> 01:07:08,232 I would have to maybe cut the jobs down and be a housewife, 1056 01:07:08,274 --> 01:07:10,694 because I think it can be done. 1057 01:07:10,735 --> 01:07:13,530 And if you don't have that experience, 1058 01:07:13,571 --> 01:07:15,239 life just doesn't mean anything. 1059 01:07:15,281 --> 01:07:17,617 A woman's got to have that kind of experience. 1060 01:07:17,659 --> 01:07:23,247 I miss it now more and more, and as I see my son grow up, 1061 01:07:23,289 --> 01:07:27,084 I realise that I want to spend more time at home. 1062 01:07:27,126 --> 01:07:30,630 ♪ And a house is not a home ♪ 1063 01:07:30,672 --> 01:07:37,345 ♪ When the two of us Are far apart ♪ 1064 01:07:37,387 --> 01:07:39,848 ♪ And one of us ♪ 1065 01:07:39,890 --> 01:07:46,187 ♪ Has a broken heart ♪ 1066 01:07:48,773 --> 01:07:50,817 I just love to sing, 1067 01:07:50,859 --> 01:07:54,696 I don't know, I just feel that if I couldn't sing, 1068 01:07:54,738 --> 01:07:56,489 I don't know what I would do. 1069 01:07:56,531 --> 01:07:59,993 ♪ And suddenly your face appears ♪ 1070 01:08:00,035 --> 01:08:02,286 As soon as I have had that first week off, 1071 01:08:02,328 --> 01:08:04,581 I'm ready to hit the road again. It's like well, gee, 1072 01:08:04,622 --> 01:08:06,207 that's part of my family. 1073 01:08:06,249 --> 01:08:08,459 I've got to get out to see how my family's doing. 1074 01:08:08,501 --> 01:08:12,255 ♪ It's so nice to have a man ♪ 1075 01:08:12,296 --> 01:08:15,508 ♪ Moon round the house ♪ 1076 01:08:17,010 --> 01:08:20,055 ♪ It's so nice ♪ 1077 01:08:20,096 --> 01:08:25,268 ♪ To have a man Around the house ♪ 1078 01:08:25,309 --> 01:08:29,439 ♪ I'm not meant to live alone ♪ 1079 01:08:29,480 --> 01:08:34,193 ♪ Turn this house into a home ♪ 1080 01:08:34,235 --> 01:08:37,447 ♪ When I climb the stairs ♪ 1081 01:08:37,488 --> 01:08:40,450 ♪ And turn the key ♪ 1082 01:08:40,491 --> 01:08:45,914 ♪ Oh, please be there ♪ 1083 01:08:45,956 --> 01:08:52,587 ♪ Still in love with ♪ 1084 01:08:52,629 --> 01:08:58,676 ♪ Me ♪ 1085 01:09:02,013 --> 01:09:08,019 ♪ A house is not a home ♪ 1086 01:09:08,061 --> 01:09:14,859 ♪ A home is not a house ♪ 1087 01:09:14,901 --> 01:09:20,197 ♪ A house is not a home And a home is not a house ♪ 1088 01:09:20,239 --> 01:09:26,579 ♪ Without a man ♪ 1089 01:09:30,166 --> 01:09:36,047 ♪ Without a man ♪ 1090 01:09:39,050 --> 01:09:40,885 Thank you. 1091 01:09:40,927 --> 01:09:43,638 We'd like to do something for you now. 1092 01:09:43,680 --> 01:09:47,433 We haven't heard a girl sing it, and since it's so popular, 1093 01:09:47,475 --> 01:09:49,686 we'd like to try it and do it for you. 1094 01:09:51,021 --> 01:09:53,148 We hope we remember all the words. 1095 01:09:56,109 --> 01:09:58,653 Well, Ella was a road rat. 1096 01:09:58,695 --> 01:10:01,280 You know, if she wasn't working what was she was doing? 1097 01:10:01,322 --> 01:10:02,699 She was sitting home alone. 1098 01:10:02,740 --> 01:10:05,952 I don't think Ella could ever stay home, 1099 01:10:05,994 --> 01:10:08,830 and do the cooking for a man. 1100 01:10:08,872 --> 01:10:11,582 I think she would prefer to sing for a man. 1101 01:10:13,459 --> 01:10:16,129 She was always in a rush to go somewhere. 1102 01:10:17,130 --> 01:10:18,882 That's when she was happiest: 1103 01:10:18,923 --> 01:10:23,970 in front of people screaming out, "We love you Ella". 1104 01:10:24,012 --> 01:10:26,723 I think that meant everything to her. 1105 01:10:26,764 --> 01:10:30,018 ♪ Oh, the shark has ♪ 1106 01:10:30,060 --> 01:10:33,270 ♪ Pearly teeth, dear ♪ 1107 01:10:33,312 --> 01:10:40,195 ♪ And he shows them Pearly white ♪ 1108 01:10:40,236 --> 01:10:43,073 For decades, from the late 1950s, 1109 01:10:43,114 --> 01:10:46,951 Ella embarked on an endless series of concert tours, 1110 01:10:46,993 --> 01:10:50,121 performing in dozens of countries around the world, 1111 01:10:50,163 --> 01:10:53,332 from Germany to Brazil and Japan. 1112 01:10:53,374 --> 01:10:57,003 ♪ Oh, the shark bites ♪ 1113 01:10:57,045 --> 01:11:00,840 ♪ With its teeth, dear ♪ 1114 01:11:00,882 --> 01:11:04,177 One concert was in Berlin in 1960, 1115 01:11:04,219 --> 01:11:06,888 and it was a year before the Wall went up, 1116 01:11:06,930 --> 01:11:10,600 and this was as far at the boundaries of the Soviet Union 1117 01:11:10,641 --> 01:11:13,853 as a major American artist had come. 1118 01:11:13,895 --> 01:11:18,691 ♪ So there's not Not a trace of red ♪ 1119 01:11:18,733 --> 01:11:20,651 Norman Granz suggested 1120 01:11:20,693 --> 01:11:25,031 Ella should try a recent Bobby Darin hit, "Mack the Knife". 1121 01:11:25,073 --> 01:11:28,576 ♪ Round the corner Tell me, could it be ♪ 1122 01:11:28,618 --> 01:11:30,703 She said she was going to do it, 1123 01:11:30,745 --> 01:11:34,040 but she wasn't sure she remembered all the lyrics. 1124 01:11:34,082 --> 01:11:37,961 ♪ Oh, what's the next chorus ♪ 1125 01:11:38,002 --> 01:11:41,214 ♪ To this song now? ♪ 1126 01:11:41,256 --> 01:11:47,678 ♪ This is the one now I don't know ♪ 1127 01:11:47,720 --> 01:11:51,599 ♪ But it was the swinging tune ♪ 1128 01:11:51,641 --> 01:11:54,560 ♪ And it's a hit tune ♪ 1129 01:11:54,602 --> 01:12:01,651 ♪ So we tried to do "Mack The Knife" ♪ 1130 01:12:01,692 --> 01:12:05,446 ♪ Ah, Louis Miller ♪ 1131 01:12:05,488 --> 01:12:09,408 ♪ Oh, somethin' 'bout cash ♪ 1132 01:12:09,450 --> 01:12:11,828 ♪ Yeah, Miller ♪ 1133 01:12:11,869 --> 01:12:14,080 ♪ He was spendin' that trash ♪ 1134 01:12:14,122 --> 01:12:15,706 The way she covers up 1135 01:12:15,748 --> 01:12:17,583 forgetting the words was just so brilliant 1136 01:12:17,625 --> 01:12:22,463 and so inventive and innovative that it didn't matter. 1137 01:12:22,505 --> 01:12:24,507 ♪ Yes, we sung it ♪ 1138 01:12:24,548 --> 01:12:25,883 It worked brilliantly. 1139 01:12:25,925 --> 01:12:28,636 ♪ You won't recognise it ♪ 1140 01:12:30,138 --> 01:12:32,640 ♪ It's a surprise tune ♪ 1141 01:12:32,682 --> 01:12:35,685 ♪ We told you look out Look out, look out ♪ 1142 01:12:35,726 --> 01:12:41,983 ♪ Old Macheath's back in town ♪ 1143 01:12:58,457 --> 01:13:00,293 There's a super-charged atmosphere, 1144 01:13:00,335 --> 01:13:03,587 lots of racial antagonism flared into violence. 1145 01:13:03,629 --> 01:13:06,174 Firemen turned their hoses on the angry crowd. 1146 01:13:06,216 --> 01:13:09,426 Police dogs were brought in to disperse shouting Negros. 1147 01:13:11,762 --> 01:13:14,974 The civil rights struggles of the early 1960s 1148 01:13:15,016 --> 01:13:19,603 became the background to Ella Fitzgerald's overseas tours. 1149 01:13:21,647 --> 01:13:24,192 Travelling, you'll be surprised at things 1150 01:13:24,234 --> 01:13:26,027 that people in other countries say 1151 01:13:26,069 --> 01:13:27,904 when they read the papers about it, 1152 01:13:27,945 --> 01:13:30,281 "My gosh, what is this going on?" 1153 01:13:32,200 --> 01:13:34,160 And you feel embarrassed, really you do, 1154 01:13:34,202 --> 01:13:36,412 because you say, "Well, gee, what can you say?" 1155 01:13:36,453 --> 01:13:41,125 What can you say? There's nothing, and it's really pitiful. 1156 01:13:42,668 --> 01:13:45,713 During a radio interview in 1963 1157 01:13:45,755 --> 01:13:47,340 with Fred Robbins, 1158 01:13:47,382 --> 01:13:50,551 a prominent radio show host and trusted friend, 1159 01:13:50,593 --> 01:13:54,597 Ella surprisingly spoke out about prejudice in America. 1160 01:13:56,473 --> 01:13:57,975 Maybe I'm stepping out, 1161 01:13:58,017 --> 01:13:59,936 but I have to say because it's in my heart, 1162 01:13:59,977 --> 01:14:02,063 but it makes you feel so bad to think 1163 01:14:02,105 --> 01:14:06,025 that we can't go down to certain parts of the South 1164 01:14:06,067 --> 01:14:08,652 and give a concert like we do overseas, 1165 01:14:08,694 --> 01:14:12,823 and have everybody just come to hear the music and enjoy the music, 1166 01:14:12,865 --> 01:14:18,871 because of the prejudice thing that's going on. 1167 01:14:23,876 --> 01:14:26,296 I used to always like to clam up, because you say, 1168 01:14:26,337 --> 01:14:30,133 "Well, gee, show people should stay out of politics". 1169 01:14:30,174 --> 01:14:36,013 But we have travelled so much and been embarrassed so much. 1170 01:14:36,055 --> 01:14:41,102 They can't understand why we don't play in Alabama, "You don't play there. 1171 01:14:41,144 --> 01:14:44,730 Why can't you have a concert? Music is music". 1172 01:14:46,649 --> 01:14:48,943 She never made a political statement 1173 01:14:48,985 --> 01:14:53,697 except the one that I heard her say was only three words, 1174 01:14:53,739 --> 01:14:57,660 and it was the most complete definition 1175 01:14:57,701 --> 01:15:00,413 of the ignorance of the world 1176 01:15:00,455 --> 01:15:03,916 in the way they treat African Americans. 1177 01:15:03,958 --> 01:15:07,628 She said, "Tony, we're all here". 1178 01:15:07,670 --> 01:15:10,840 In three words, she said the whole thing. 1179 01:15:15,845 --> 01:15:17,930 The diehards, they're going to just die hard, 1180 01:15:17,972 --> 01:15:19,723 they're not going to give in. 1181 01:15:19,765 --> 01:15:23,436 And then you've got to try to convince the younger ones, 1182 01:15:23,478 --> 01:15:25,771 they're the ones that have got to make the future. 1183 01:15:25,813 --> 01:15:29,025 And those are the ones we gotta worry about, not those diehards. 1184 01:15:35,531 --> 01:15:36,866 I really ran my mouth. 1185 01:15:36,907 --> 01:15:38,409 - Really? -Where does this go? 1186 01:15:38,451 --> 01:15:39,869 This goes all over the world. 1187 01:15:39,910 --> 01:15:41,704 - It does? - Yes, it does. 1188 01:15:41,745 --> 01:15:43,998 Is it going down... -It's going down South, too. 1189 01:15:44,040 --> 01:15:45,749 You think they're gonna break my records up when they hear it? 1190 01:15:45,791 --> 01:15:47,668 No, they won't. 1191 01:15:51,130 --> 01:15:52,548 This is unusual for me, 1192 01:15:52,589 --> 01:15:55,468 but I'm so happy that you had me, 1193 01:15:55,510 --> 01:15:57,720 because instead of singing, for a change, 1194 01:15:57,761 --> 01:16:01,474 I got the chance to get a few things off my chest. 1195 01:16:02,933 --> 01:16:04,601 I'm just a human being. 1196 01:16:06,020 --> 01:16:08,856 The interview was never broadcast. 1197 01:16:11,650 --> 01:16:14,278 Back in the day when Ella was coming up, 1198 01:16:14,320 --> 01:16:16,072 it had to be horrible. 1199 01:16:16,113 --> 01:16:18,449 I've been through horror. 1200 01:16:18,491 --> 01:16:20,826 I've been through the Civil Rights Movement, 1201 01:16:20,868 --> 01:16:23,954 I was there for that, the sit-ins and the marching, and the this and the that. 1202 01:16:23,996 --> 01:16:27,917 Going and sitting at the counter in the restaurants, 1203 01:16:27,958 --> 01:16:31,087 where, first of all, they didn't want you to come in there. 1204 01:16:31,128 --> 01:16:34,090 You sit there for an hour, an hour and a half 1205 01:16:34,131 --> 01:16:37,843 before somebody would come and say, "We wish you would leave". 1206 01:16:39,845 --> 01:16:43,433 We were travelling in the South many times. 1207 01:16:43,474 --> 01:16:45,684 We couldn't stay at any of the major hotels. 1208 01:16:45,726 --> 01:16:48,271 Gosh, and this is in the '60s and the '70s. 1209 01:16:48,312 --> 01:16:49,939 We couldn't stay in the major hotels. 1210 01:16:49,980 --> 01:16:52,483 We had to go to the black side of town and stay in... 1211 01:16:52,525 --> 01:16:54,651 They had rooming houses over there. 1212 01:16:56,612 --> 01:16:59,240 But artists like Ella fought that fight 1213 01:16:59,282 --> 01:17:02,118 to break down those doors and break down those barriers 1214 01:17:02,159 --> 01:17:04,287 for people like me. 1215 01:17:04,328 --> 01:17:10,626 Race was obviously something that we lived with, 1216 01:17:10,667 --> 01:17:12,378 continue to live with. 1217 01:17:13,879 --> 01:17:17,883 ♪ That's why the lady is a tramp ♪ 1218 01:17:17,925 --> 01:17:21,762 ♪ Doesn't dig dice games With barons and earls ♪ 1219 01:17:21,804 --> 01:17:25,266 ♪ I won't go to Harlem In ermine and pearls ♪ 1220 01:17:25,308 --> 01:17:29,770 ♪ She won't dish the dirt With the rest of those girls ♪ 1221 01:17:29,812 --> 01:17:32,856 ♪ That's why the lady is a tramp ♪ 1222 01:17:32,898 --> 01:17:37,736 ♪ I love the free, fresh wind In my hair ♪ 1223 01:17:37,778 --> 01:17:39,530 ♪ Life without care ♪ 1224 01:17:39,572 --> 01:17:40,781 ♪ I'm broke ♪ 1225 01:17:40,823 --> 01:17:42,074 ♪ That's OK ♪ 1226 01:17:45,411 --> 01:17:47,788 ♪ Sweet, lovely lady, be good ♪ 1227 01:17:47,830 --> 01:17:50,666 ♪ Oh, lady, be good to me ♪ 1228 01:17:50,707 --> 01:17:53,752 ♪ 'Cause I'm So awfully misunderstood ♪ 1229 01:17:53,794 --> 01:17:57,006 ♪ Oh, lady, oh lady, Oh, lady, be good to me ♪ 1230 01:17:57,047 --> 01:17:59,300 [narrator] Ella was the First Lady of Song. 1231 01:17:59,342 --> 01:18:04,430 Loved, admired, respected by audiences and musicians. 1232 01:18:05,973 --> 01:18:09,268 ♪ Oh, lady, oh lady, Oh, lady, be good to me ♪ 1233 01:18:15,399 --> 01:18:17,776 ♪ I'm so lonesome today ♪ 1234 01:18:17,818 --> 01:18:21,572 ♪ And so, lady, oh, lady, lady Won't you be so good to me? ♪ 1235 01:18:21,614 --> 01:18:22,865 ♪ Please, please ♪ 1236 01:18:22,906 --> 01:18:25,075 ♪ Oh, yeah ♪ 1237 01:18:35,503 --> 01:18:39,798 Ella had her own sorrows, her own troubles, 1238 01:18:39,840 --> 01:18:44,637 and she had found her own way to master suffering, 1239 01:18:44,679 --> 01:18:49,725 unhappiness, grief, shame and make it something else. 1240 01:18:51,644 --> 01:18:54,021 And one of those things is joy. 1241 01:18:59,109 --> 01:19:03,280 She had been singing for 60 years. 1242 01:19:03,322 --> 01:19:09,953 "The kids call me 'Mama Jazz'" she said, "that's so cute". 1243 01:19:09,995 --> 01:19:16,043 The thing about Ella is, like, perfection, great artistry. 1244 01:19:16,085 --> 01:19:17,503 Thank you. 1245 01:19:17,545 --> 01:19:20,464 There's only one thing that you cannot teach, 1246 01:19:20,506 --> 01:19:23,800 and that's that certain magic. 1247 01:19:23,842 --> 01:19:27,012 You cannot teach magic. You can't. 1248 01:19:27,054 --> 01:19:31,183 And then when Ella turns a phrase, that's magic. 1249 01:19:31,225 --> 01:19:34,687 ♪ He'll look at me and smile ♪ 1250 01:19:35,896 --> 01:19:40,484 ♪ And I will understand ♪ 1251 01:19:40,526 --> 01:19:46,073 ♪ And in a little while You'll take my hand ♪ 1252 01:19:48,117 --> 01:19:50,327 Ella's punishing tour schedule 1253 01:19:50,369 --> 01:19:54,790 kept her on the road in to her seventh decade. 1254 01:19:54,831 --> 01:19:58,210 Paul Smith, the pianist, one time he told me 1255 01:19:58,252 --> 01:20:02,131 she had worked something like 48 weeks out of 52. 1256 01:20:02,172 --> 01:20:05,593 He said he and Stan Levy, who at the time was the drummer, 1257 01:20:05,635 --> 01:20:08,345 after that last concert they took their tuxedos, 1258 01:20:08,387 --> 01:20:11,265 ripped them up and threw them in the garbage can. 1259 01:20:11,307 --> 01:20:13,476 And they had had it. 1260 01:20:13,517 --> 01:20:18,481 ♪ He'll build a little home ♪ 1261 01:20:18,522 --> 01:20:20,357 ♪ Just meant for two ♪ 1262 01:20:20,399 --> 01:20:22,735 One more tour in the mid-'80s 1263 01:20:22,777 --> 01:20:25,529 seemed to be the end of the road for Ella. 1264 01:20:29,325 --> 01:20:31,619 We were on the road with Ella, 1265 01:20:31,661 --> 01:20:35,122 we had been out for 12 days, four concerts. 1266 01:20:35,164 --> 01:20:38,375 And I'm checking out of the Hilton in Niagara Falls 1267 01:20:38,417 --> 01:20:41,462 and the elevator doors open up, and Ella is standing there, 1268 01:20:41,504 --> 01:20:43,339 grasping her chest, 1269 01:20:43,380 --> 01:20:47,884 holding on to her road manager, Pete, 1270 01:20:47,926 --> 01:20:50,095 saying, "I can't catch my breath". 1271 01:20:50,137 --> 01:20:52,848 She was having congestive heart failure. 1272 01:20:52,889 --> 01:20:55,768 ["The Man I Love" by Ella Fitzgerald] 1273 01:20:58,562 --> 01:21:02,024 We're coming up to Ella's house right now. 1274 01:21:02,065 --> 01:21:03,526 Jim Blackman 1275 01:21:03,567 --> 01:21:05,820 fell in love with Ella Fitzgerald's music 1276 01:21:05,861 --> 01:21:07,738 when he was 15. 1277 01:21:07,780 --> 01:21:12,201 For half a century, he was her most loyal fan. 1278 01:21:12,242 --> 01:21:17,914 He became her trusted friend and her final road manager. 1279 01:21:17,956 --> 01:21:20,292 She knew I was honest with her. 1280 01:21:20,334 --> 01:21:22,919 She knew that she could trust me. 1281 01:21:24,714 --> 01:21:27,216 After her operation in '86, 1282 01:21:27,257 --> 01:21:30,052 when they thought she wouldn't be able to sing again, 1283 01:21:30,093 --> 01:21:32,262 Ella wanted to rehearse. 1284 01:21:32,304 --> 01:21:35,057 She was raring to go three months later. 1285 01:21:35,098 --> 01:21:38,602 ♪ The way you wear your hat ♪ 1286 01:21:40,771 --> 01:21:45,609 ♪ The way you sip your tea ♪ 1287 01:21:45,651 --> 01:21:48,195 I met her at the airport, 1288 01:21:48,237 --> 01:21:51,073 and this was a time when her doctor was saying, 1289 01:21:51,114 --> 01:21:53,200 "Ella, don't travel". 1290 01:21:53,242 --> 01:21:57,079 ♪ They can't take that Away from me ♪ 1291 01:21:57,120 --> 01:21:58,121 I said, "Where are you going?" 1292 01:21:58,163 --> 01:21:59,707 She said, "I can't wait, 1293 01:21:59,749 --> 01:22:01,375 I'm going to do a date". 1294 01:22:01,417 --> 01:22:04,587 She loved the audience, she loved to perform that much 1295 01:22:04,628 --> 01:22:08,465 that thousands of miles away from where she was going, 1296 01:22:08,507 --> 01:22:10,967 she couldn't wait to get on that stage 1297 01:22:11,009 --> 01:22:14,555 to get that audience and give them the time of their life. 1298 01:22:14,597 --> 01:22:19,017 ♪ They can't take that away ♪ 1299 01:22:19,059 --> 01:22:20,519 ♪ Away ♪ 1300 01:22:26,191 --> 01:22:32,656 ♪ Can't take that away from me ♪ 1301 01:22:38,078 --> 01:22:39,455 Thank you. 1302 01:22:39,496 --> 01:22:40,831 When she'd do a concert 1303 01:22:40,873 --> 01:22:42,708 people would be screaming at the end 1304 01:22:42,750 --> 01:22:45,878 and then she'd come off and say "Do you think they liked me?" 1305 01:22:51,091 --> 01:22:56,430 I mean, the woman was a genius who had no idea, 1306 01:22:56,472 --> 01:23:00,893 no idea of her own genius. None. 1307 01:23:05,731 --> 01:23:08,859 People truly loved her. 1308 01:23:08,901 --> 01:23:12,028 I was in Ukraine doing a concert. 1309 01:23:13,989 --> 01:23:19,328 It was cold, I mean it was cold. 1310 01:23:19,369 --> 01:23:25,584 We ran out of the venue and we got on the bus. 1311 01:23:25,626 --> 01:23:27,837 The windows were all frosted over. 1312 01:23:30,130 --> 01:23:33,884 And this man, standing outside the bus, 1313 01:23:33,926 --> 01:23:37,429 says, "I loved your mother, she was so wonderful". 1314 01:23:37,471 --> 01:23:42,058 He had these flowers and he wanted to give them to me. 1315 01:23:55,656 --> 01:23:57,825 Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. 1316 01:24:01,787 --> 01:24:02,830 Thank you. 1317 01:24:02,872 --> 01:24:04,999 And I'm so proud to be in class 1318 01:24:05,040 --> 01:24:07,918 with all of these younger ones coming up. 1319 01:24:07,960 --> 01:24:10,629 They ain't going to leave me behind, I'm learning how to rap. 1320 01:24:14,508 --> 01:24:17,427 Every now and then I said, "I'm thinking about coming back". 1321 01:24:17,469 --> 01:24:21,849 She says, "I'll believe it when I see it". You know. 1322 01:24:21,891 --> 01:24:26,812 So, I didn't come back until I found out 1323 01:24:26,854 --> 01:24:30,024 that she was seriously ill. 1324 01:24:39,992 --> 01:24:46,498 Of course, the dynamics in our lives had changed tremendously. 1325 01:24:47,290 --> 01:24:52,922 But to see grace like you'd never seen before, 1326 01:24:52,963 --> 01:24:58,468 in someone who knows they have a limited lifespan... 1327 01:24:58,510 --> 01:25:00,429 -Did you say "thank you"? -Thank you. 1328 01:25:00,470 --> 01:25:03,849 ...to see the way that they deal with people every day, 1329 01:25:03,891 --> 01:25:05,559 You want one, too? 1330 01:25:06,685 --> 01:25:08,520 and to see such kindness... 1331 01:25:09,646 --> 01:25:13,692 it was amazing. 1332 01:25:13,734 --> 01:25:17,153 Aww, you gave it to me. 1333 01:25:17,195 --> 01:25:20,365 Turn around, Daddy is taking your picture. 1334 01:25:20,407 --> 01:25:23,660 We've got to get a picture. Alright, yeah. 1335 01:25:23,702 --> 01:25:25,788 Okay, now let me get in here. 1336 01:25:25,829 --> 01:25:27,915 You've got to get in there, too. 1337 01:25:33,169 --> 01:25:35,171 Curtis, open your eyes! 1338 01:25:38,092 --> 01:25:40,218 You'd see a little baby, 'cause she loved kids, 1339 01:25:40,260 --> 01:25:43,388 and then she'd just go, "How you doing, my little..." 1340 01:25:43,430 --> 01:25:45,891 and she'd just start singing to the baby. 1341 01:25:45,933 --> 01:25:52,272 ♪ Your daddy's rich ♪ 1342 01:25:55,567 --> 01:26:01,824 ♪ And your ma is good lookin' ♪ 1343 01:26:06,578 --> 01:26:12,918 ♪ So hush, little baby ♪ 1344 01:26:14,920 --> 01:26:21,217 ♪ Baby, don't ♪ 1345 01:26:23,261 --> 01:26:26,849 ♪ You cry ♪ 1346 01:26:26,890 --> 01:26:29,018 I remember the funeral. 1347 01:26:29,059 --> 01:26:33,105 And I'd got all changed, 1348 01:26:33,147 --> 01:26:35,315 and I had to go to the grocery store. 1349 01:26:35,357 --> 01:26:37,067 I'm in the grocery store. 1350 01:26:39,862 --> 01:26:41,738 and what comes on? 1351 01:26:42,781 --> 01:26:44,116 Her music. 1352 01:26:44,158 --> 01:26:49,579 ♪ I could cry ♪ 1353 01:26:49,621 --> 01:26:54,793 ♪ Salty tears ♪ 1354 01:26:54,835 --> 01:26:58,172 ♪ Where have I been ♪ 1355 01:26:58,213 --> 01:27:03,301 ♪ All these years? ♪ 1356 01:27:03,343 --> 01:27:09,183 ♪ Little wow, tell me now ♪ 1357 01:27:09,224 --> 01:27:15,689 ♪ How long has this been Occurrin'? ♪ 1358 01:27:17,566 --> 01:27:22,529 ♪ How long has this ♪ 1359 01:27:22,571 --> 01:27:27,367 ♪ Been going ♪ 1360 01:27:27,409 --> 01:27:33,373 ♪ On? ♪ 1361 01:27:43,842 --> 01:27:46,428 Everything comes back around. 1362 01:27:47,429 --> 01:27:50,057 The way that Ella was reserved, 1363 01:27:50,099 --> 01:27:53,309 and the way she was poised and passionate, 1364 01:27:53,351 --> 01:27:56,939 you could never tell what her feelings were 1365 01:27:56,980 --> 01:27:58,607 until she got to the music. 1366 01:27:58,648 --> 01:28:01,359 And then it was always happiness and joy, 1367 01:28:01,401 --> 01:28:04,238 and everything else that you could have ever hoped for. 1368 01:28:04,279 --> 01:28:07,241 ♪ A-tisket a-tasket ♪ 1369 01:28:07,282 --> 01:28:09,868 ♪ A brown and yellow basket ♪ 1370 01:28:09,910 --> 01:28:12,537 ♪ I sent a letter to my mummy ♪ 1371 01:28:12,579 --> 01:28:14,706 ♪ And on the way I dropped it ♪ 1372 01:28:14,748 --> 01:28:17,667 ♪ I dropped it, I dropped it ♪ 1373 01:28:17,709 --> 01:28:19,920 ♪ My little yellow basket ♪ 1374 01:28:19,962 --> 01:28:22,589 ♪ A little girly She picked it up ♪ 1375 01:28:22,631 --> 01:28:25,134 ♪ And put it in her pocket ♪ 1376 01:28:25,175 --> 01:28:30,680 ♪ Oh, gee, I wonder where my basket could be ♪ 1377 01:28:30,722 --> 01:28:35,769 ♪ So do we, so do we So do we, so do we, so do we ♪ 1378 01:28:35,811 --> 01:28:41,191 ♪ Oh, why was I so careless With that basket of mine? ♪ 1379 01:28:41,233 --> 01:28:43,777 ♪ That itty-bitty basket ♪ 1380 01:28:43,819 --> 01:28:46,488 ♪ Was a joy of mine ♪ 1381 01:28:46,529 --> 01:28:49,407 ♪ A-tisket a-tasket ♪ 1382 01:28:49,449 --> 01:28:51,952 ♪ I lost my yellow basket ♪ 1383 01:28:51,994 --> 01:28:54,621 ♪ Oh, can somebody Help me find it ♪ 1384 01:28:54,663 --> 01:28:57,166 ♪ And make me happy again, again ♪ 1385 01:28:57,207 --> 01:28:59,751 ♪ Was it red? No, no, no, no ♪ 1386 01:28:59,793 --> 01:29:02,129 ♪ Was it blue? No, no, no, no ♪ 1387 01:29:02,171 --> 01:29:05,132 ♪ Was it green? No, no, no, no ♪ 1388 01:29:05,174 --> 01:29:10,012 ♪ My little yellow basket ♪ 113787

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