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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,388 --> 00:00:08,921 This week on "Vice," 2 00:00:08,956 --> 00:00:10,490 the environmental time bomb 3 00:00:10,525 --> 00:00:11,857 of our thawing planet. 4 00:00:20,368 --> 00:00:22,967 Everywhere there are bits splintering, 5 00:00:23,003 --> 00:00:24,902 breaking and falling down. 6 00:00:24,938 --> 00:00:26,971 And then, the new underground railroad 7 00:00:27,007 --> 00:00:29,040 for refugees across Europe. 8 00:00:31,411 --> 00:00:33,178 We are right in the middle of Paris. 9 00:00:33,213 --> 00:00:37,516 There are hundreds, maybe, thousands of tents set up here. 10 00:00:49,094 --> 00:00:50,461 Go, go, go! 11 00:00:52,865 --> 00:00:54,365 We are not animals! 12 00:00:55,742 --> 00:01:04,368 Sync & corrections by honeybunny www.addic7ed.com 13 00:01:05,977 --> 00:01:08,744 Fully, 24% of the northern hemisphere 14 00:01:08,780 --> 00:01:10,547 is covered by permafrost, 15 00:01:10,582 --> 00:01:12,381 deep layers of soil and water 16 00:01:12,416 --> 00:01:15,450 that have been frozen for thousands of years. 17 00:01:15,486 --> 00:01:18,920 But National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration scientists 18 00:01:18,955 --> 00:01:22,391 have now found that the Arctic is warming twice as fast 19 00:01:22,426 --> 00:01:23,992 as the rest of the planet, 20 00:01:24,027 --> 00:01:25,994 which is causing the permafrost to thaw 21 00:01:26,029 --> 00:01:28,297 and release trapped greenhouse gasses. 22 00:01:28,332 --> 00:01:31,399 And this release of methane and carbon is, in turn, 23 00:01:31,434 --> 00:01:32,466 accelerating climate change. 24 00:01:32,502 --> 00:01:35,736 Now, due to the seriousness of the situation, 25 00:01:35,771 --> 00:01:38,038 a global effort is challenging scientists 26 00:01:38,074 --> 00:01:39,640 to come up with a solution. 27 00:01:39,676 --> 00:01:41,709 And one of the options they're pursuing 28 00:01:41,744 --> 00:01:44,312 is nothing short of astounding. 29 00:01:54,523 --> 00:01:57,557 So, we're walking out onto a... frozen lake. 30 00:01:57,593 --> 00:02:01,561 So, we are gonna go out here and look for some pockets 31 00:02:01,597 --> 00:02:05,030 of methane gas trapped in the lake ice. 32 00:02:05,065 --> 00:02:06,865 Katey Walter Anthony is a researcher 33 00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:09,301 with the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. 34 00:02:09,337 --> 00:02:10,769 She wanted to show us a phenomenon 35 00:02:10,804 --> 00:02:13,872 that could have dramatic repercussions for our changing climate. 36 00:02:13,907 --> 00:02:18,043 The methane is here because the permafrost is thawing. 37 00:02:18,078 --> 00:02:19,378 And when it thaws... 38 00:02:19,413 --> 00:02:22,480 there are microbes in the bottom of the lake that eat 39 00:02:22,515 --> 00:02:25,450 the carbon that was in the permafrost and they make methane gas. 40 00:02:25,485 --> 00:02:27,719 One molecule of methane is 20-- 41 00:02:27,754 --> 00:02:30,020 is like 25 molecules of carbon dioxide, 42 00:02:30,056 --> 00:02:32,624 so it-- it's a really strong greenhouse gas. 43 00:02:32,659 --> 00:02:35,893 And methane is contributing to climate warming, 44 00:02:35,928 --> 00:02:39,563 and making the warming that's already happening worse. 45 00:02:40,666 --> 00:02:42,466 - So, get down low. - Okay. 46 00:02:42,501 --> 00:02:43,867 And as soon as I put this in, 47 00:02:43,902 --> 00:02:46,570 as soon as I break through, gas will rush out, and you want to basically 48 00:02:46,605 --> 00:02:49,673 get it right down in the gas stream, ready? Right above the hole, okay. 49 00:02:51,610 --> 00:02:52,576 Oy! 50 00:02:52,611 --> 00:02:54,310 Holy crap. 51 00:02:54,345 --> 00:02:56,679 - That burned me. - It works. 52 00:02:56,714 --> 00:02:58,213 - You okay? - Yep. 53 00:02:59,417 --> 00:03:00,916 Wow. 54 00:03:00,951 --> 00:03:02,518 - Are you okay? - Yeah, I'm fine. 55 00:03:02,553 --> 00:03:04,153 I didn't expect it to be that powerful. 56 00:03:06,023 --> 00:03:07,323 Woo. 57 00:03:07,358 --> 00:03:09,992 And this is a-- a fairly recent discovery? 58 00:03:10,027 --> 00:03:11,160 Yeah. 59 00:03:11,195 --> 00:03:13,194 There's two times as much carbon in the frozen ground 60 00:03:13,229 --> 00:03:14,562 as there is in the atmosphere. 61 00:03:16,933 --> 00:03:18,566 Whoa. 62 00:03:19,536 --> 00:03:20,935 Wow. 63 00:03:20,970 --> 00:03:23,471 A large part of that carbon can be released and... 64 00:03:23,507 --> 00:03:25,840 and add more carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere, 65 00:03:25,875 --> 00:03:28,742 making climate warming even worse than we expect. 66 00:03:29,679 --> 00:03:30,944 If you break through, 67 00:03:30,979 --> 00:03:32,513 don't pull your spear out right away. 68 00:03:32,548 --> 00:03:35,248 - Leave it in there 'til I get my torch over. - Okay. 69 00:03:38,020 --> 00:03:40,521 That was pretty good. 70 00:03:40,556 --> 00:03:42,589 So there are millions of lakes, like this now, 71 00:03:42,625 --> 00:03:44,958 - and there are probably going to be millions more. - That's right. 72 00:03:44,993 --> 00:03:47,226 In the not too distant future, so all you can do is-- 73 00:03:47,261 --> 00:03:48,461 is keep it underground. 74 00:03:48,496 --> 00:03:51,297 There's nothing else you can do to mitigate this. 75 00:03:51,333 --> 00:03:53,499 If we can slow down climate warming, 76 00:03:53,535 --> 00:03:55,668 it will slow down permafrost thaw, 77 00:03:55,704 --> 00:03:58,204 which will cause less of a temperature increase. 78 00:03:58,239 --> 00:04:00,206 If we speed up climate warming, 79 00:04:00,241 --> 00:04:02,607 and permafrost flash thaws, 80 00:04:02,643 --> 00:04:04,909 then we'll have a huge pulse of greenhouse gasses, 81 00:04:04,945 --> 00:04:06,511 especially methane going into the atmosphere, 82 00:04:06,547 --> 00:04:08,547 that will cause a really abrupt warming. 83 00:04:08,582 --> 00:04:10,482 There's more carbon locked in the permafrost, 84 00:04:10,517 --> 00:04:12,351 than humans have released into the atmosphere 85 00:04:12,386 --> 00:04:13,418 since the beginning 86 00:04:13,454 --> 00:04:14,386 of the industrial age, 87 00:04:14,421 --> 00:04:17,222 and it has already started to thaw. 88 00:04:17,257 --> 00:04:20,157 To understand just how profound the impact could be, 89 00:04:20,192 --> 00:04:22,593 we went to NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, 90 00:04:22,628 --> 00:04:25,696 where Dr. Charles Miller showed us some dire projections. 91 00:04:25,732 --> 00:04:28,699 Just from thaw-induced carbon release, 92 00:04:28,735 --> 00:04:32,069 the amount of temperature change could be as high 93 00:04:32,104 --> 00:04:33,738 as a full degree or more. 94 00:04:33,773 --> 00:04:36,973 Now, when you couple that in to the fully, um, 95 00:04:37,008 --> 00:04:38,040 coupled climate models, 96 00:04:38,076 --> 00:04:39,942 it's projecting out, somewhere in the neighborhood 97 00:04:39,978 --> 00:04:42,645 of four to five degrees C temperature change. 98 00:04:42,681 --> 00:04:44,647 Other models that I've seen 99 00:04:44,683 --> 00:04:48,017 definitely show eight to ten degree changes 100 00:04:48,052 --> 00:04:50,887 in the Arctic by the 2100 time frame. 101 00:04:50,922 --> 00:04:51,921 What would the planet look like 102 00:04:51,956 --> 00:04:54,155 with temperature rises of eight or nine degrees? 103 00:04:54,191 --> 00:04:57,893 Eight degrees, ten degrees type of temperature change 104 00:04:57,928 --> 00:05:02,197 may well take us into a tropical type of Earth, 105 00:05:02,232 --> 00:05:04,733 even in the mid to upper latitudes-- 106 00:05:04,769 --> 00:05:06,668 just something dramatically different 107 00:05:06,704 --> 00:05:08,771 that none of us have ever experienced. 108 00:05:08,806 --> 00:05:10,905 So, really, the entire world ought to be focused 109 00:05:10,940 --> 00:05:13,841 on keeping this carbon within the ground there. 110 00:05:13,877 --> 00:05:16,844 That would be, uh, something that would be admirable, 111 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:19,414 but I think we're already on a path 112 00:05:19,449 --> 00:05:22,817 to releasing a significant fraction of this carbon. 113 00:05:22,852 --> 00:05:24,919 Because of its size and location, 114 00:05:24,954 --> 00:05:29,022 one country where permafrost thaw is a major problem is Russia, 115 00:05:29,057 --> 00:05:30,323 and because nearly 70% 116 00:05:30,358 --> 00:05:32,592 of the country's landmass is permafrost, 117 00:05:32,628 --> 00:05:34,828 Russian scientists are also at the forefront 118 00:05:34,863 --> 00:05:36,996 of the search for solutions. 119 00:05:38,133 --> 00:05:39,533 We went to Siberia, 120 00:05:39,568 --> 00:05:42,368 where the effects of the thawing permafrost are plain to see. 121 00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:54,613 The road is not used anymore now? 122 00:06:14,801 --> 00:06:17,068 This lake is new? In your lifetime? 123 00:06:19,071 --> 00:06:20,504 Sergey Zimov has been studying 124 00:06:20,539 --> 00:06:22,973 the Arctic landscape for over 30 years. 125 00:06:23,008 --> 00:06:25,476 He's seen firsthand how permafrost is thawing 126 00:06:25,511 --> 00:06:26,944 under a changing climate. 127 00:06:35,887 --> 00:06:38,153 Zimov and his team have dug a series of tunnels 128 00:06:38,189 --> 00:06:39,489 to study permafrost, 129 00:06:39,524 --> 00:06:43,158 the vast frozen layer of soil, ice and organic matter 130 00:06:43,194 --> 00:06:45,828 that covers 24% of the northern hemisphere 131 00:06:45,864 --> 00:06:48,931 and can extend to depths of 5,000 feet. 132 00:06:50,167 --> 00:06:51,400 Take a look at this. 133 00:06:52,903 --> 00:06:55,403 This is pretty much just... 134 00:06:55,438 --> 00:06:56,638 pure ice almost, 135 00:06:56,673 --> 00:06:59,207 but it's-- it's permafrost, 136 00:06:59,242 --> 00:07:00,942 and I'm not even that deep underground. 137 00:07:00,978 --> 00:07:02,544 We're-- I don't know-- 138 00:07:02,579 --> 00:07:04,078 ten feet underground? 139 00:07:04,114 --> 00:07:07,448 But from above, you'd never guess it was this cold. 140 00:07:20,496 --> 00:07:21,762 Yeah. 141 00:07:34,576 --> 00:07:37,010 This was all permafrost under this? Everything? 142 00:07:52,026 --> 00:07:54,426 Yeah. 143 00:07:54,461 --> 00:07:56,695 Yeah. 144 00:07:56,730 --> 00:07:58,229 And to illustrate this, 145 00:07:58,265 --> 00:08:00,432 researchers took us to one of the most stunning examples 146 00:08:00,467 --> 00:08:02,967 of permafrost thaw in the world. 147 00:08:06,706 --> 00:08:09,874 They're taking us to see what they call a slump, 148 00:08:09,909 --> 00:08:12,810 which is when the permafrost and the ice 149 00:08:12,845 --> 00:08:16,681 have thawed or melted so much that the ground has collapsed. 150 00:08:16,716 --> 00:08:20,516 Locals call it "The Gateway to the Underworld." 151 00:08:20,552 --> 00:08:24,187 At over half a mile wide, and 300 feet deep, 152 00:08:24,222 --> 00:08:26,756 this crater is the largest of its kind 153 00:08:26,792 --> 00:08:29,693 caused by permafrost thaw. 154 00:08:36,467 --> 00:08:38,634 Oh, yeah. 155 00:08:38,669 --> 00:08:40,736 This is solid ice. 156 00:08:40,771 --> 00:08:45,207 Just like... you can see on that huge wall. 157 00:08:45,242 --> 00:08:48,243 So when you walk down into the slump, 158 00:08:48,278 --> 00:08:50,946 you end up facing an almost kilometer wide 159 00:08:50,982 --> 00:08:53,514 wall of permafrost. 160 00:08:53,549 --> 00:08:55,516 And it almost sounds like it's alive, 'cause 161 00:08:55,551 --> 00:08:58,019 everywhere there are bits splintering, 162 00:08:58,054 --> 00:08:59,587 breaking, and falling down. 163 00:08:59,623 --> 00:09:01,756 And even that-- that stream, that running water, 164 00:09:01,791 --> 00:09:04,391 that-- that's water, just water, coming from-- 165 00:09:04,427 --> 00:09:07,128 from the melting ice and the thawing permafrost. 166 00:09:09,397 --> 00:09:11,865 As the exposed permafrost continues to thaw, 167 00:09:11,900 --> 00:09:14,001 the crater keeps getting bigger, 168 00:09:14,036 --> 00:09:16,870 expanding 60 feet every year. 169 00:09:17,706 --> 00:09:19,039 Do you think this is a warning sign? 170 00:09:19,074 --> 00:09:21,041 Do you think you could see many more of these 171 00:09:21,076 --> 00:09:22,743 in the not too distant future? 172 00:09:31,919 --> 00:09:33,352 Like, it's easy to imagine seeing this-- 173 00:09:33,387 --> 00:09:34,954 what would happen if-- if... 174 00:09:34,989 --> 00:09:37,123 you know, a piece of land that had a town on top of it 175 00:09:37,158 --> 00:09:39,125 were to go like this? 176 00:09:45,766 --> 00:09:48,700 Yeah, look! There's a huge crack behind us. 177 00:09:48,735 --> 00:09:49,701 This-- this makes me nervous. 178 00:09:49,736 --> 00:09:51,302 This is-- this feels very precarious. 179 00:09:51,337 --> 00:09:53,638 Feels like it's about to go. 180 00:09:54,607 --> 00:09:56,541 As more and more permafrost thaws, 181 00:09:56,576 --> 00:09:57,942 and the ground falls away, 182 00:09:57,978 --> 00:10:01,979 carbon that was frozen in the permafrost is released into the atmosphere. 183 00:10:02,014 --> 00:10:02,980 On a mass scale, 184 00:10:03,015 --> 00:10:05,883 this process can accelerate climate change. 185 00:10:05,918 --> 00:10:08,118 A solution is urgently needed. 186 00:10:10,156 --> 00:10:11,521 If we don't do this, 187 00:10:11,557 --> 00:10:12,890 what is the price we will pay 188 00:10:12,925 --> 00:10:14,457 when all of these gasses are released? 189 00:10:20,165 --> 00:10:23,432 But Sergey Zimov has a plan to keep the ground frozen. 190 00:10:23,467 --> 00:10:25,334 He took us along the Kolyma River 191 00:10:25,369 --> 00:10:26,969 to a site that might just prove 192 00:10:27,005 --> 00:10:29,271 we can break the cycle. 193 00:10:29,307 --> 00:10:31,307 Zimov is gathering animals here, 194 00:10:31,342 --> 00:10:33,442 animals that will transform the landscape 195 00:10:33,477 --> 00:10:36,011 from forest back into grassland, 196 00:10:36,046 --> 00:10:39,480 which he says is much better at preserving the permafrost. 197 00:10:54,330 --> 00:10:56,030 What does that do to the permafrost? 198 00:11:08,910 --> 00:11:11,778 And just having animals grazing here is enough 199 00:11:11,813 --> 00:11:13,412 for that difference in temperature? 200 00:11:29,496 --> 00:11:31,396 The animals trample the vegetation, 201 00:11:31,431 --> 00:11:33,799 which leaves the ground more exposed to the cold, 202 00:11:33,834 --> 00:11:36,501 keeping the permafrost frozen. 203 00:11:36,536 --> 00:11:39,638 Plus, while forest is dark, grass is light, 204 00:11:39,673 --> 00:11:40,839 and the lighter the surface, 205 00:11:40,875 --> 00:11:43,841 the more heat from the sun is reflected back to space. 206 00:11:55,955 --> 00:11:57,255 Just take it back to what it was 207 00:11:57,290 --> 00:11:59,455 thousands of years ago? 208 00:11:59,491 --> 00:12:01,424 To prove his theory, Zimov and his team 209 00:12:01,459 --> 00:12:03,726 are rounding up animals from across Siberia 210 00:12:03,762 --> 00:12:04,961 to populate his park. 211 00:12:15,140 --> 00:12:16,438 While the reindeer help, 212 00:12:16,473 --> 00:12:18,174 in order to fully restore this land 213 00:12:18,209 --> 00:12:19,708 to its prehistoric state, 214 00:12:19,743 --> 00:12:22,577 it will take some prehistoric wildlife. 215 00:12:22,613 --> 00:12:23,879 You've shown us some of the animals 216 00:12:23,915 --> 00:12:25,214 that you've brought back. 217 00:12:25,249 --> 00:12:27,549 Um, there's also been talk about bringing back 218 00:12:27,584 --> 00:12:29,084 the woolly mammoth. 219 00:12:41,564 --> 00:12:42,496 So, really, you need the mammoth, 220 00:12:42,532 --> 00:12:45,233 or something like it, for it to be complete. 221 00:12:47,137 --> 00:12:48,903 This might sound farfetched, 222 00:12:48,939 --> 00:12:51,404 but scientists at the Institute of Applied Ecology 223 00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:53,974 are working on this very idea. 224 00:12:54,009 --> 00:12:56,310 Ironically, the solution to this problem 225 00:12:56,345 --> 00:12:59,346 might also have been frozen in permafrost. 226 00:13:20,034 --> 00:13:21,674 And do you know how old this is? 227 00:13:24,004 --> 00:13:25,770 And at 28,000 years old, 228 00:13:25,805 --> 00:13:28,206 you'd still be able to get DNA samples from this? 229 00:13:41,387 --> 00:13:42,552 This sample could provide 230 00:13:42,588 --> 00:13:46,690 the genetic material needed to bring the Mammoth back. 231 00:13:46,725 --> 00:13:50,194 So, they're now, um, taking samples from all over the trunk 232 00:13:50,229 --> 00:13:54,464 to try and find the most perfectly preserved DNA, 233 00:13:54,500 --> 00:13:57,167 which could then potentially be used for a clone. 234 00:13:58,270 --> 00:13:59,135 Well, do you think, for example 235 00:13:59,170 --> 00:14:01,837 in your lifetime, or in the next ten years, 236 00:14:01,873 --> 00:14:05,074 we could actually see living, breathing Woolly Mammoths? 237 00:14:22,793 --> 00:14:23,825 It is possible to look at-- 238 00:14:23,860 --> 00:14:26,295 look at Sergey as a kind of Don Quixote figure, 239 00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:28,230 but you think he's-- he's onto something 240 00:14:28,265 --> 00:14:30,065 and it could actually-- it could actually work? 241 00:14:30,100 --> 00:14:34,802 Sergey has proposed to reintroduce natural, 242 00:14:34,837 --> 00:14:39,073 perhaps even Ice Age flora and fauna, 243 00:14:39,108 --> 00:14:40,207 plants and animals, 244 00:14:40,243 --> 00:14:43,577 allowing nature to, basically, heal itself. 245 00:14:43,612 --> 00:14:45,712 That winds up generally being 246 00:14:45,748 --> 00:14:48,715 the fastest and most efficient way 247 00:14:48,751 --> 00:14:51,418 to restore the previous landscape, 248 00:14:51,453 --> 00:14:55,055 ecosystems, bio-diversity, and climate. 249 00:15:17,311 --> 00:15:19,044 If the ancient Arctic ecosystem 250 00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:21,513 can be restored using geoengineering, 251 00:15:21,548 --> 00:15:24,015 Serg3y w1ll h4v3 d3m0nstr4t3d 4 v14bl3 s0lution 252 00:15:24,050 --> 00:15:27,085 to halt the threat of permafrost thaw. 253 00:15:28,554 --> 00:15:29,653 When we first reported 254 00:15:29,689 --> 00:15:31,222 on the refugee crisis in Europe, 255 00:15:31,257 --> 00:15:36,294 countries across the EU were struggling to take in hundreds of thousands of people 256 00:15:36,329 --> 00:15:38,629 fleeing war and crossing the Mediterranean. 257 00:15:40,866 --> 00:15:44,034 Now, after a series of deadly terror attacks 258 00:15:44,069 --> 00:15:46,336 spurred a wave of nationalism, 259 00:15:46,372 --> 00:15:47,337 countries across Europe 260 00:15:47,373 --> 00:15:50,940 have tightened their border controls even further. 261 00:15:50,976 --> 00:15:53,043 We sent Gianna Toboni to Italy 262 00:15:53,078 --> 00:15:55,145 to report on a growing underground network 263 00:15:55,180 --> 00:15:58,814 that has emerged to help these refugees on their migratory path. 264 00:16:07,658 --> 00:16:09,958 We are in Ventimiglia, Italy, 265 00:16:09,994 --> 00:16:13,529 and this group of young, Ethiopian refugees 266 00:16:13,564 --> 00:16:15,730 is just about to leave on their trek 267 00:16:15,765 --> 00:16:17,432 to cross the border into France. 268 00:16:18,535 --> 00:16:19,867 Many refugees who arrive 269 00:16:19,903 --> 00:16:21,069 in Italy from Libya, 270 00:16:21,104 --> 00:16:22,270 travel across the country 271 00:16:22,305 --> 00:16:23,505 to get to the border-towns, 272 00:16:23,540 --> 00:16:24,872 where they attempt to make 273 00:16:24,908 --> 00:16:26,541 the illegal trek into France. 274 00:16:26,576 --> 00:16:28,643 We're following these railways, 275 00:16:28,678 --> 00:16:31,178 which are gonna lead us all the way up the mountain. 276 00:16:31,213 --> 00:16:34,314 We'll probably be hiking for the next five, six, seven hours, 277 00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:35,516 'til we get to the French border, 278 00:16:35,551 --> 00:16:37,918 and that's when we'll cross over. 279 00:16:37,953 --> 00:16:40,587 How many times have you tried to cross into France? 280 00:16:42,491 --> 00:16:43,890 Think you'll make it this time? 281 00:16:55,070 --> 00:16:57,002 Yeah. 282 00:16:58,339 --> 00:17:00,406 Just before we left with Shaashoo and Nas, 283 00:17:00,442 --> 00:17:01,974 they explained that the violence against 284 00:17:02,009 --> 00:17:04,110 their persecuted ethnic group in Ethiopia 285 00:17:04,145 --> 00:17:05,877 drove them to leave the country. 286 00:17:05,912 --> 00:17:07,552 Do you think that if you would have stayed 287 00:17:07,581 --> 00:17:10,014 in Ethiopia, you would have been killed? 288 00:17:17,924 --> 00:17:20,158 Mm-hmm. 289 00:17:20,194 --> 00:17:21,526 I'm sorry. 290 00:17:22,795 --> 00:17:25,162 Italy has been overwhelmed by a surge of more 291 00:17:25,198 --> 00:17:28,499 than 180,000 refugees just in the past year. 292 00:17:28,534 --> 00:17:30,968 A new EU regulation made in February 293 00:17:31,003 --> 00:17:33,204 is attempting to stem this constant flow of people 294 00:17:33,239 --> 00:17:35,239 migrating to Europe through Libya. 295 00:17:35,274 --> 00:17:37,541 But for those refugees who have already made it, 296 00:17:37,577 --> 00:17:39,242 the EU is forcing them to register 297 00:17:39,277 --> 00:17:42,178 and remain indefinitely in the first country they enter, 298 00:17:42,214 --> 00:17:43,246 leaving many living on the streets, 299 00:17:43,281 --> 00:17:46,216 while waiting for their asylum claims to be processed. 300 00:17:54,092 --> 00:17:54,957 Comes up. 301 00:17:54,993 --> 00:17:56,825 They know where to send you afterwards. 302 00:17:56,860 --> 00:17:58,527 Yeah. 303 00:18:05,236 --> 00:18:07,169 So everybody just got off the train tracks, 304 00:18:07,204 --> 00:18:09,070 and we're now walking on the highway. 305 00:18:12,443 --> 00:18:13,941 Oh, careful, careful. 306 00:18:15,378 --> 00:18:16,477 Guys, this is terrifying. 307 00:18:16,513 --> 00:18:18,045 These cars come so close to us, 308 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:19,880 and there's nowhere else to go. 309 00:18:24,820 --> 00:18:26,220 Once off the railroad tracks, 310 00:18:26,256 --> 00:18:28,022 each passing car on this narrow road, 311 00:18:28,057 --> 00:18:30,757 could potentially report them to the authorities. 312 00:18:41,970 --> 00:18:43,570 This is fucked up. 313 00:18:43,605 --> 00:18:45,605 What do you do if a car comes? 314 00:18:45,641 --> 00:18:47,073 There's nowhere to go. 315 00:18:48,276 --> 00:18:49,708 Does this scare you guys? 316 00:19:03,891 --> 00:19:04,922 Around 3:00 a.m., 317 00:19:04,957 --> 00:19:06,357 we cross the border into France 318 00:19:06,393 --> 00:19:07,725 with Shaashoo and his friends. 319 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:10,662 At sunrise, French police arrested them, 320 00:19:10,697 --> 00:19:11,996 and sent them all the way back 321 00:19:12,031 --> 00:19:14,131 to where they first arrived in Italy. 322 00:19:15,468 --> 00:19:17,001 The French police reported nearly 323 00:19:17,036 --> 00:19:19,103 40,000 migrant arrests in the area 324 00:19:19,138 --> 00:19:21,605 just in 2016. 325 00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:23,173 For those who make it into France, 326 00:19:23,209 --> 00:19:24,641 there's a new route emerging in the Alps, 327 00:19:24,677 --> 00:19:28,212 where a group of local French citizens are offering them refuge. 328 00:19:28,247 --> 00:19:30,980 We are way up in the mountains on the French/Italian border. 329 00:19:31,016 --> 00:19:34,918 This is kind of like the underground railroad for these refugees. 330 00:19:34,953 --> 00:19:37,487 And it runs right through a farm 331 00:19:37,523 --> 00:19:39,988 that's owned by a man named Cédric 332 00:19:40,024 --> 00:19:42,291 who's actually taken a lot of these migrants in 333 00:19:42,327 --> 00:19:44,093 and is allowing them to live in his backyard. 334 00:19:46,698 --> 00:19:49,798 Hi. Hello. Allô. Ca Va? 335 00:19:49,834 --> 00:19:51,800 How are you? What is your name? 336 00:19:51,836 --> 00:19:53,035 Hi. 337 00:19:54,905 --> 00:19:56,204 Hello. Hello. 338 00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:58,473 Wow. Lot of people. Hello. 339 00:19:58,508 --> 00:20:00,575 - Nice to meet you. - Hi. 340 00:20:00,611 --> 00:20:02,110 Gianna. Nice to meet you. 341 00:20:03,513 --> 00:20:05,012 Hello. 342 00:20:05,048 --> 00:20:07,148 Nice to meet you. Wow. 343 00:20:34,309 --> 00:20:36,442 This is crazy. You hear a plane overhead, 344 00:20:36,478 --> 00:20:39,011 and all of the refugees just ran into their tent. 345 00:20:39,046 --> 00:20:40,980 They're obviously terrified. 346 00:20:52,926 --> 00:20:54,092 Cédric was arrested 347 00:20:54,127 --> 00:20:55,960 and recently convicted in French court 348 00:20:55,996 --> 00:20:58,163 of helping refugees cross the border. 349 00:20:58,198 --> 00:21:00,565 Others like him run the same risk. 350 00:21:01,802 --> 00:21:03,334 Not far from Cédric's farm, 351 00:21:03,369 --> 00:21:05,068 we met with his friend Françoise, 352 00:21:05,104 --> 00:21:08,872 who has hosted more than two dozen refugees at one time on her property. 353 00:21:08,908 --> 00:21:11,241 So, how many people do you have living with you? 354 00:21:11,277 --> 00:21:13,778 Oh, I think today... 18. 355 00:21:13,813 --> 00:21:15,680 - Wow. - 19, I think. 356 00:21:15,715 --> 00:21:16,880 Yesterday, 25. 357 00:21:18,818 --> 00:21:22,018 It's a situation absolutely terrible, 358 00:21:22,053 --> 00:21:25,288 and now we are at the end of our possibilities. 359 00:21:25,324 --> 00:21:28,191 You see, I am very angry. Very, very, very angry. - Yes. 360 00:21:28,226 --> 00:21:32,195 Because it's normal that we, people, 361 00:21:32,230 --> 00:21:34,664 we must do the work of our government. 362 00:21:34,700 --> 00:21:37,533 You think the government should be doing more. 363 00:21:37,568 --> 00:21:39,768 The-- the government do nothing. 364 00:21:39,804 --> 00:21:41,102 The problem is not they do more, 365 00:21:41,138 --> 00:21:42,438 they do nothing. 366 00:21:43,507 --> 00:21:44,640 In meeting the refugees, 367 00:21:44,675 --> 00:21:47,376 we found that the majority of them were 18 and under. 368 00:21:48,979 --> 00:21:50,612 How old? 369 00:21:50,648 --> 00:21:52,981 Seventeen. And you? 370 00:21:54,151 --> 00:21:55,817 You? 371 00:21:55,852 --> 00:21:57,352 Voila. Children. 372 00:22:00,357 --> 00:22:04,058 Gianna, nice to meet you. Hello! What's your name? 373 00:22:04,093 --> 00:22:05,960 Muhammad, nice to meet you. 374 00:22:11,433 --> 00:22:13,400 Oh, wow! 375 00:22:13,435 --> 00:22:15,168 Can you tell me about your picture? 376 00:22:20,743 --> 00:22:24,310 What was it like traveling from Sudan with kids this age? 377 00:22:29,550 --> 00:22:31,016 You just couldn't stay in Sudan. 378 00:22:44,399 --> 00:22:46,163 As a lawyer, Françoise understands 379 00:22:46,199 --> 00:22:48,065 the legal battles refugees face, 380 00:22:48,101 --> 00:22:49,133 and believes that the French government 381 00:22:49,168 --> 00:22:52,404 turning away minors violates humanitarian law. 382 00:23:06,285 --> 00:23:08,184 The ultimate goal for many of the refugees 383 00:23:08,220 --> 00:23:11,422 is to move all the way north through France to the UK. 384 00:23:11,457 --> 00:23:12,856 But when they reach the English Channel, 385 00:23:12,892 --> 00:23:16,059 they find the UK border is completely sealed, 386 00:23:16,094 --> 00:23:18,128 leading to massive refugee settlements 387 00:23:18,163 --> 00:23:19,296 like the Calais Jungle. 388 00:23:23,334 --> 00:23:25,568 We're overlooking what's called "The Jungle." 389 00:23:25,603 --> 00:23:27,937 It's the biggest refugee camp in France. 390 00:23:27,972 --> 00:23:31,106 There are over 8,000 refugees that are settled here. 391 00:23:31,142 --> 00:23:33,309 The problem now, though, is that law enforcement 392 00:23:33,344 --> 00:23:36,878 is trying to evacuate this entire camp. 393 00:23:36,914 --> 00:23:39,614 What's unclear is how exactly they're going to do it, 394 00:23:39,650 --> 00:23:42,317 and how much of a fight these refugees are going to put up. 395 00:24:03,639 --> 00:24:04,572 Multiple fires burned 396 00:24:04,607 --> 00:24:07,341 across the camp over the next few days. 397 00:24:07,376 --> 00:24:08,642 While people fled their tents, 398 00:24:08,678 --> 00:24:10,977 it was clear the authorities were not in a rush 399 00:24:11,012 --> 00:24:12,411 to put them out. 400 00:24:13,515 --> 00:24:15,482 Volunteers like Christian Salomé, 401 00:24:15,517 --> 00:24:16,850 the director of an NGO 402 00:24:16,885 --> 00:24:18,585 providing resources to the refugees, 403 00:24:18,620 --> 00:24:21,153 began to feel desperate for the remaining migrants 404 00:24:21,189 --> 00:24:23,723 whose homes were quickly burning. 405 00:25:04,095 --> 00:25:05,161 Over the next few days, 406 00:25:05,196 --> 00:25:07,463 the government continued to dismantle the Jungle, 407 00:25:07,499 --> 00:25:10,800 even though thousands of refugees remained. 408 00:25:17,275 --> 00:25:19,642 This is one of the ways where kids, 409 00:25:19,677 --> 00:25:22,144 when put in a place for weeks at a time, 410 00:25:22,179 --> 00:25:25,180 they'll make the place theirs. 411 00:25:27,919 --> 00:25:29,184 It's a good distraction. 412 00:25:31,488 --> 00:25:34,590 Uh-oh, we're gettin' pushed out. 413 00:25:48,504 --> 00:25:50,805 What is it like to see this happening right now? 414 00:26:02,918 --> 00:26:05,218 In the coming days, many of the minors were bussed 415 00:26:05,253 --> 00:26:07,353 to reception centers across France 416 00:26:07,389 --> 00:26:09,422 while others made their way to Paris. 417 00:26:12,860 --> 00:26:14,760 We are right in the middle of Paris. 418 00:26:14,796 --> 00:26:18,197 There are thousands of tents set up here. 419 00:26:18,232 --> 00:26:20,265 It's clear that this city is not set up 420 00:26:20,301 --> 00:26:22,735 for the amount of refugees that have flooded into it. 421 00:26:22,770 --> 00:26:25,304 There aren't Social Services out here. 422 00:26:25,339 --> 00:26:27,438 There are only so many processing facilities, 423 00:26:27,474 --> 00:26:30,241 so it's basically just a massive homeless camp 424 00:26:30,276 --> 00:26:32,577 for refugees from all different countries. 425 00:26:33,614 --> 00:26:35,914 In November 2016, aid groups estimated 426 00:26:35,949 --> 00:26:40,685 that thousands of migrants were living in tent cities across Paris. 427 00:26:40,721 --> 00:26:42,420 We met 23 year old Manuel, 428 00:26:42,455 --> 00:26:45,122 who fled Nigeria nearly two years ago. 429 00:26:45,157 --> 00:26:48,258 Lots of politicians in the US and in European countries, 430 00:26:48,293 --> 00:26:50,160 there's this sort of stigma around refugees. 431 00:26:50,195 --> 00:26:51,629 Can you just talk a little bit about that? 432 00:26:51,664 --> 00:26:53,396 Like how are you seen as a refugee? 433 00:26:53,432 --> 00:26:56,800 Each and every one of us, my brothers here right now, 434 00:26:56,836 --> 00:26:59,136 never-- never wished to be a refugee. 435 00:26:59,171 --> 00:27:02,138 It was the situation of the country back where we lived, 436 00:27:02,173 --> 00:27:03,840 that turned us to what we are now. 437 00:27:03,875 --> 00:27:06,308 Because I wouldn't imagine myself to come to France 438 00:27:06,344 --> 00:27:07,710 and start sleeping in the streets, 439 00:27:07,746 --> 00:27:10,713 when I have a good home and everything is comfortable back there. 440 00:27:10,749 --> 00:27:12,414 Even here, the refugees, 441 00:27:12,450 --> 00:27:13,816 many of them just teenagers, 442 00:27:13,852 --> 00:27:15,918 were met with the same responses from authorities 443 00:27:15,954 --> 00:27:18,120 who began dismantling their makeshift camp 444 00:27:18,155 --> 00:27:19,788 and destroying their tents. 445 00:27:27,931 --> 00:27:30,098 Go back, go back, go this way. 446 00:27:59,127 --> 00:28:02,062 It's tough to watch these young people who traveled so far, 447 00:28:02,097 --> 00:28:03,596 and each new place they land, 448 00:28:03,631 --> 00:28:05,498 they get uprooted and thrown out. 449 00:28:06,735 --> 00:28:08,901 Why did you decide to leave Afghanistan? 450 00:28:29,856 --> 00:28:30,922 Oh, shit. 451 00:28:37,797 --> 00:28:39,330 We are not animals! 452 00:28:43,802 --> 00:28:45,869 We are not fighting! Why you hit us? 453 00:28:45,904 --> 00:28:47,104 They want to kill us! 454 00:29:02,386 --> 00:29:12,802 Sync & corrections by honeybunny www.addic7ed.com 36273

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