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It seemed pretty clear that China

was doing a lot of transplants.

In fact, they're the number two transplant country in the world

after the United States, in terms of volume.

Many doctors then started to become

very alarmed that the rapid exponential increase

in transplantions that were taking place

in China since 1999.

And then the number of transplant centres

just took off.

Chinese Transplant centres went from 150 in 1999

to over 600 by early 2000.

And according to Chinese vice-minister of health

the number of transplants performed each year

went from several hundred in 1999

to well over 10 thousand a year by 2008.

And the China daily newspaper reported that

the actual number in 2006 was 20,000.

But they don't have a donation system.

Well, they just started one, in I think 2010,

but for most of the time they were doing this

there was no donation system.

And they don't have a law allowing

for the sourcing of organs

from the brain dead, cardiac alive, the accident victims.

The Beijing Red Cross themselves stated in 2011

that over the past 20 years only 37 people nationwide

had registered to become organ donor.

Take that in the comparison to the UK who has

18 million people as registered donors.

So the question becomes how has China become

the number two transplant country in the world?

The place where every other country gets

its organs is not available to them.

Where are these organs coming from?

Eventually they shifted to saying it was

prisoners sentenced to death and executed.

Well, how many of those are there?

They don't actually give official numbers

for either the amount of people executed every year

or the amount of people they transplant every year.

If you look at many experts who are trying to estimate it,

it's anywhere from about 2 to 8 thousand executions

a year takes place in China,

which is more than all the world combined.

But that still falls short of the ten thousand organs

that they are saying they are transplanting every year.

So the numbers don't add up,

even if they executed 10,000 a year

and transplanted 10,000 a year,

there would still be a very large discrepancy.

Why is that?

It's simply impossible

that those 10,000 people executed would match perfectly

that 10,000 people that need the organs.

There's a few different layers of matching that have to happen.

The very first process is

you need to have a donor that is blood type compatible.

Typically, that is people have the same blood type.

Although someone who's blood type O can donate to anybody.

The second thing is what we call tissue typing

which also involves a cross match process.

And that's really looking at ensuring

that the patient getting the transplant

does not have any antibodies against certain proteins

that we test for in the donor.

Many times we use the ratio of 10 to 1,

it takes 10 people to find a suitable donor for one person.

If we go by those numbers,

they couldn't be just executing ten thousand people,

doing it the way they say they are doing,

they would have to be executing at least 100,000 people.

And there's no national organ distribution system.

Prisoners have to be killed within 7 days of sentence.

There's widespread hepatitis in the prison system.

You need blood type compatibility for transplants

and transplants occur within days.

Which means that you'd need, at any one time,

100,000 people sentenced to death

and sitting in prisons in order to

generate the volume of transplants they're getting.

Then there is the factor of time, which

which needs to be really understood.

Once you harvest someone's organs,

it's not that you can keep these organs around forever.

There is a very short window of time.

Take for example, a heart,

which only has about 8 hours

once removed from the body.

And you have the fact that China's own state law says that

prisoners once sentenced to execution,

have to be executed within 7 days.

This almost happens automatically.

So we don't have the situation where China

would have all these people on death row,

it just not like that.

This mean the prisoners sentenced to death

cannot fully account

for all the transplantations that are taking place in China.

Especially, when we talk about medical tourism patients.

Major Tan came to see him the first day he was there

and with a list of names.

He went down the list and he stopped at a name

that was obviously a person.

Came back a couple of hours later

with a vial of two kidneys.

The kidneys didn't work, they weren't compatible for this man.

So he went back three more times and came

and came back with three more sets of kidneys.

None of them worked.

So, this man went back to his country.

Came back, three months later.

Went through the same process four more times.

Obviously, there are some prisoners sentenced to death

that are killed for their organs

or the form of the execution is being killed for their organs.

But, the volume is just too great.

So, where are all the others coming from?

It became apparent that Chinese organ harvesting

was an extremely profitable business.

Chinese medical centres often saying that their

No. 1 source of revenue was their transplant unit.

On their websites,

they were saying they were charging

30,000 dollars for a cornea,

60,000 dollars for a kidney,

150,000 dollars for a heart.

Imagine what one person was worth,

in the hundred of thousands.

Well frankly, I don't think

the Chinese health system could survive without it.

It's a billion dollars a year, or more.

We go through websites that, for example, advertise

that you can get an organ in, say, a week.

Everywhere else in the world it would be months and years.

And I mean, these weren't just kidneys,

these were hearts, lungs and livers.

I mean obviously when you book a transplant in advance

for a heart transplant and you go to China

and you get a transplant within a few days,

somebody's being killed for the organ.

I mean, there's no other way to explain

what's happening in that situation.

You don't have to know a lot about transplant surgery

to know that if you can get a kidney or a liver in week

that there's a large body of people out there

that have to be compatible

in terms of tissue type and the like.

Really, it doesn't take a lot of serious thinking

to figure out something's wrong with that picture.

So how could they have this “on-demand” system,

that's capable of extremely short times?

The only way they can be doing this

is if they have another source of living donors

that are available on demand.

I say living donors;

this is where in some cases

the actual transplant operation itself

becomes the method of execution.

Falun Gong,

before it was repressed, was very popular in China.

It's estimated, according to government of China statistics,

between 70 and 100 million people,

which was then more than the membership

of the Communist Party of China.

And it was throughout China.

I think Jiang Zemin was personally

jealous about Li Hongzhi.

Since he's terrified of any civil society group,

or any independent group of any nature,

he decided to declare war on Falun Gong.

It's not an organization, there's no political agenda.

There was also the fact, what little you can say

about communism, it is atheist,

and it is contrary to spirituality.

The party, and Jiang Zemin personally resented

a popular movement that rejected the party's atheism.

Falun Gong have got three basic principles,

truthfulness, compassion and tolerance.

The notion of truthfulness,

I have no doubt, bothered the party.

Because the party basically just functions on the basis of lies

and propaganda and dissimilation and pretense.

And to have an important element of

the population believing in truth

just undermines the workings of the party

and its control of the state.

So, that probably bothered them as well.

They actually set up a repression office

within the party in June 1999.

They made a public announcement in July 1999.

And as soon as the public announcement was made,

there was all these protests going into Beijing

from the Falun Gong community.

The Chinese government got involved

in the catch and release system.

They'd arrested the people in Beijing,

they'd take them to their home communities.

They'd tell the home communities to basically

get these people straightened out.

You know, “Why do you let them practise Falun Gong?”

“Why didn't you turn them in?”

“Why aren't you being better citizens

by yourself repressing Falun Gong?”

You had this combination of torture, killings,

and disappearances on the one hand,

on the other hand these Falun Gong practitioners

who weren't saying who they were.

So, there was this system in place of,

we can kill people for their organs.

We don't even have to get anybody's consent,

neither the family,

'cause they're not in contact, nor the prisoner,

because that's what the law says.

David Matas and I were asked to investigate this in 2006

by the Coalition to Investigate

the Persecution of Falun Gong from Washington.

Didn't give us any data.

Didn't give us any money. Didn't give us any directions.

But just asked us to do that.

As a person who is interested in human dignity,

I thought this was something I could do.

That's why both of us volunteered to do it.

I'm from the Jewish community

and I'm well aware that neither I nor any

Jewish person would be alive today if the Nazis

rather than the allied powers had won World War Two.

And one of the lessons that I felt I learned was

the need for people everywhere to act on

violations anywhere, to end those violations.

We tried hard to reach her husband.

David Matas and I were told he was actually in Toronto,

but he wouldn't talk to us.

We couldn't reach him.

He is not going to admit to the two of us

that he's committing mass murder.

That's not going to allow him to stay in Canada.

The staff in their operating rooms are all making

a lot of money from doing it.

They’re not going to talk about it.

The victims are all dead.

You aren't going to get a smoking gun

as you might get in a television drama.

The scene of the crime, once the crime is committed,

it leaves no trace.

I mean it's an operating room,

after it's finished, there is no trace.

So it is not an easy allegation to establish

and what we have to do is sort of

walk around in every different way.

Sure, they issued a denial.

They make no independent attempt to investigate.

The Chinese government did this

for political propagandistic reasons

without any evidence whatsoever.

They went, it was three weeks after

these operations were taking place.

You can be absolutely certain that it took

the people in the hospital an hour to clean up the rooms.

When they heard the group was coming

from the Shanghai consulate.

What did they expect to find?

The Chinese government is very good at this sort of

Potemkin village display.

I mean occasionally they'll invite people

into re-education through labor camps or prisons.

But human rights investigators

will talk to some of the prisoners later,

who get out of prison and get out of China,

and China is very adept at putting on

these phony shows to Western observers.

We actually wrote to the government of China

and said we would like to go there

and we would like to meet you to discuss

the terms under which we would like to go.

And they responded to us.

They called me and said we would meet you about your letter.

So we met in a coffee shop, he arrived and...

he was from the political section.

After about two minutes it was obvious that he said,

"Well, if you want a visa go to the visa sections."

And he started into an attack on Falun Gong.

And I said, "Listen, I don't need to hear you on Falun Gong.

I'm here to see if I can get a visa.”

He said, "No."

You know, we told him what we wanted to do.

We wanted to investigate this.

And he said, "No, we're not going to let you in for that.

You don't need to go in for that.

We'll tell you what's going on about that."

And so that was the end of that.

The U.N. rapporteurs on torture

for a long time tried to get into China.

I mean these were 3 successive U.N. Rapporteurs on torture.

And the reason they couldn't get in

was they wanted to negotiate entry,

to guarantee safety for themselves,

safety for the people that they interviewed,

and confidentiality of their interviews.

It took 10 years to negotiate that

and then Manfred Nowak went in and it was all violated.

We did get into the China

through some very clever Mandarin speaking,

in some cases Canadian, some are Americans.

What they did is they phoned hospitals,

pretending to ask for Falun Gong organs.

Well we were doing calls pretty well

systematically across China.

We got admission about 15 percent of calls.

But that was significant,

because the admissions were throughout China.

We actually have transcripts from the calls,

and what we did too, was we got independent interpreters

to say these were accurate translations

because we didn't want somebody saying we had a bad translation.

The government of China did a documentary

accusing us of fiddling with the transcripts of the call.

Although, this was a propaganda attempt

to try to deny what we did,

in fact it ended up being an affirmation.

It showed, by the admission of the Chinese government

that we made these calls, these people answered the calls,

and basically they said what we said they said.

We talked to Falun Gong practitioners

who got out of jail

and then got out of China and would say

that they were blood tested, organ examined,

systematically, periodically, and other prisoners were not.

And it wasn't for their health,

because they were being tortured to recant their beliefs.

But it's necessary for organ transplants to know blood types

and obviously the health of the source of the organs.

When I talked to Falun Gong practitioners

who were detained for two years,

and who underwent a blood test 10 times.

From a medical point of view,

if the patient doesn't have any health problems

and doesn't ask for medical exams,

then the repetition of 10 blood tests

within two years doesn't make sense.

However, if there are candidates

who are looking for a kidney, for example, or other organs,

then it makes sense

that the patient was repeatedly blood tested.

I talked to these people who'd been in China

and in jail, and then got out of China, out of prison.

I asked them, "What happened to you?"

And all they wanted to talk about was their torture,

because that mattered to them.

It was only after probing them that I found that

these people were all blood tested.

They didn't spontaneously want to talk about it,

because it didn't hurt them, they didn't understand it.

It was just kind of a bizarre procedure.

They knew it wasn't for their health,

because they were being tortured.

They had no explanation for it.

I mean, I also talked to people

who were not Falun Gong and were in Chinese prisons,

and then got out of prison said the same thing:

"We were not blood tested, but the Falun Gong were."

That is categorizing living people,

categorizing prisoners of conscience,

into the blood types

and tissue factors to provide a pool of living donors.

This is something that is already anticipating

killing people for their organs.

It's been through many different investigations

that we now come to believe that

it's prisoners of conscience,

including Falun Gong practitioners,

Tibetans, Wiggers, house Christians,

who are being killed for their organs.

And many of us now believe that

the practitioners of Falun Gong may be one of the worst victims

because they are believed by many to be

the largest population of prisoners of conscience

in China today.

Also, if you look at the timeline of the onset

of China's booming transplantations,

and the onset of the persecution of Falun Gong.

It runs almost in complete parallel,

with both of them starting in 1999.

As my name suggests, I am one of a minority in China.

I come from northwest China, the city called Urumqi.

I used to work as a cancer surgeon,

in Urumqi Railway Central Hospital.

I believe it was Tuesday, Summer, July 1995.

And one of my Chief surgeons called me and said:

"Do you want to do something wild?"

I was young;

I said yes.

He said, "OK. Go to the theatre and take a mobile operation kit.

And ask for two assistants, two nurses.

And bring your own two assistants

and call the ambulance,

and then come to see me tomorrow morning

at 9:30 at the gate of our hospital."

Next day we came to a place

called Western Mountain Execution Ground.

Then we heard the gunshot.

GUNSHOT

To my surprise, when I cut through,

blood was still coming out...

That is to say, the blood was still running,

that means this person is still alive.

And the gunshot wound is to the right, not to the left.

So, that is to say, to make sure, this person is not dead.

I cut through on both sides,

and removed the liver, and two kidneys.

It took me less than 30 minutes.

A prisoners sentenced to death and a Falun Gong practitioner

are physically the same specimen.

And what's more, they're detained in the same facility.

And for the prison guards, the Falun Gong are not human beings,

I mean, they're totally depersonalized.

They view them probably even worse

than the prisoners sentenced to death.

Wouldn't anyone think that, if they were getting

demonized constantly on the media,

the state, the party media since 1999,

wouldn't anyone think that way?

One person I met in the States,

who had been to Tiananmen Square with her mother on a tour,

and they were going around Tiananmen Square

and the guide they had,

who was obviously a party-approved-person,

Falun Gong came up, and the guide said something like,

"Well, Falun Gong, they eat their children, don't they?"

So, this is the level of demonization that goes on,

and I should probably add

that kind of demonization went on

in Nazi Germany against the Jewish community.

It went on against the Tutsi community in Rwanda

before the genocide there.

You can practically track any kind of horrible...

genocide around the world

and you can see that it starts with demonization,

usually on government or party media.

I talked to one fellow,

he was a non-Falun Gong practitioner in prison,

and he was in prison with prisoners sentenced to death

and Falun Gong practitioners.

And both of them were being killed for organs.

He could see it, and he talks about seeing it.

He knows who was who, and the process was the same.

I mean, people would come in white coats

and they'd do the blood tests.

And then they'd put potassium,

which would immobilize the prisoner.

And then there'd be these white vans,

and the organs would be sourced within the white vans

and then taken to the local hospital.

SOUND OF THUNDER

I always wished to find out this man's religion.

If he is Muslim

I would go to Mosque to pray for forgiveness

and pray for him in to rest in peace.

If he is Christian I would go to church.

If he is Buddhist I would go to temple.

But I didn't know, I didn't know this man at all.

So, this is always haunting me, it is kind of guilty feeling.

In short, the evidence is simply massive

and overwhelming that this is happening,

and is continuing to happen.

So, we think the argument is over.

Our conclusion was that

Falun Gong were being killed for their organs,

not just in Sujiatun, but throughout China.

Not just for corneas, which Annie's husband was sourcing,

but for all organs.

And not just between 2003 and 2005

when Annie's husband was working,

but from 2001 to the date of our report.

SOUND OF AIRPLANE

Jan Karski who witnessed the Holocaust

in Nazi concentration camps

and who went to see the chief justice Felix Frankfurter

and said, "It is happening."

And the reply from Felix Frankfurter was

that he cannot believe it.

A Polish diplomat who was with Karski said,"It is true."

And Frankfurter's response says,

"I did not say this young man was lying,

I said I was unable to believe

what he told me. There is a difference."

And yet this not believing postponed

the entry of the United States into the war

and probably caused more people

to be killed in the holocaust.

When you see the genocides that occur today,

after the Holocaust, you think, "How could this be possible?"

Well, it's possible

for the very reason the Holocaust was possible.

It's actually fairly common that the Chinese government

would just try to cancel whatever event

we were speaking at,

or discourage people from going or try

and bully people into not going.

We were supposed to have a meeting

in Melbourne in Australia.

We learned, because we got a copy of one of the letters

that the MPs had all been told not to meet with us:

'Don't come to a meeting. Stay away from these guys.'

Don't have anything to do with them,

or there will be consequences.

I actually got a death threat

at one event near Brisbane a year earlier.

We got one of these

cancellations from Bond University,

so we set up in a town hall in the Gold Coast instead.

There were people in the room who were asking questions,

but it was also set up so that the people on the Internet

in China can contact, listen, ask questions.

So, one of the people in China who was

contacting us through the Internet said,

"I'm from the Internet police,

what you're doing causes China harm and embarrassment,

because of that you're putting your own life at risk,

are you not afraid?" That was his question.

So, my answer was,

"You can't shoot the messenger if you don't like that message.

If you don't like hearing that Falun Gong

are being killed for their organs,

you should do what you can to try

to stop the killing of Falun Gong for their organs

instead of trying to threaten me."

And then the guy was cut off and that was the end of it.

So, I would say,

sure there's some minor risks in what I'm doing.

But it's nothing compared to the risks that people in China face.

The health committee of the Israeli parliament

finally brought to the Israeli parliament,

which is called the Knesset, on March 31, 2008.

The orders were given to all Israeli insurance company

and sick funds to stop immediately

any reimbursement of Israeli operation,

transplant operation,

performed anywhere around the globe where it's illegal

and targeting mainly China.

I was in the foreign commonwealth office

in London last week.

We had a number of meetings in England and Scotland

and Ireland and Oxford and Cambridge.

A lot of places we went the response was very,

very encouraging.

Then I think that might catch on

and it might happen very quickly around the world

that many other parliaments pass the same kind of legislation.

We would like to see

all the names of all the doctors involved,

go on a list.

They would know that they have an excellent chance someday

of facing the International Criminal Court in Hague.

We have to express our deep concern over persistent

and credible reports of systematic,

state-sanctioned organ harvesting

from non-consenting prisoners of conscience

in the People's Republic of China,

including from large numbers of Falun Gong practitioners.

The practice must be ended immediately,

and the least the EU can do to stop it

is to condemn publicly organ transplantation abuses in China,

and to inform those European citizens

who travel to China for organ transplants.

This is a crime against humanity.

We should do our best to identify

those specific individuals who are engaged in this.

And put them on the list

of people who deserve to be brought to justice.

America must stand with the Falun Gong,

and indeed with all of the repressed.

Beijing must release Falun Gong practitioners

and other prisoners of conscience immediately.

Set China Free.

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