Original subtitles

In this lecture, we're going

to use JavaScript to implement some nice animated scrolling.

Now, before we can actually animate some scrolling effects,

we first need to implement this scrolling

in the first place in HTML.

So right now, for example, if we click

and let's turn this off.

So if we click, for example, here on one of these links,

then it will lead nowhere.

So it leads to this URL, which has this right here, right?

Because basically we just made it an empty link.

And so what we want of course to happen is

that when we click here, it moves to the meals section

and here it moves to the how it works section

and so on and so forth.

And we can actually do that just using HTML.

It will then not have the animated scroll,

but it will still work.

So let me show you how we can do that.

And I will first do it just with one of these buttons here.

So on this button here, when we click it,

we want it to move to the call to action section, right?

Because that is where we can start eating well.

So let me show you how we can do that.

So let's go to that section, here at the very end.

So this one here.

And now here we need to add an id.

So we're back to using ids,

but this time not to select the element in the CSS,

but really to give this element here, a unique name.

So let's call this one, cta, alright.

And then let's go back up to our link.

So that's this one here.

And so now here in the href,

we can write that here.

So hash cta,

and what we just did here was to create a page anchor.

And so this here is what the anchor is.

So again, cta is the id of the element.

And if we then use that as the href of an anchor element

together with the hash symbol here,

then we will move to that place in the page.

So let me show that to you.

And when we hover over it,

you can already see that URL down there in the bottom right?

So now I'm gonna click and there we go.

So, we just moved automatically here to this section.

And you see that the URL indeed changed to,

or a regular URL and then slash, hash cta.

So if we removed this, then we will go back up, right?

And so now we can do that basically on all our sections

and on all our links.

So, this one here doesn't really need it

because it's just the first section in the page.

And we also don't want any link leading there.

And the same with the featured section.

So there is no link on the page

that should end up here in this section.

So no need for that.

And here I'm simply calling them like a shorter name,

not again, section how, but just how,

and of course any name would work here,

but I'm just doing it like this here.

So meals.

Then the next one is the testimonials, which we also want.

So just copying that.

Then next we have pricing,

which I think is also one of the menu items.

And not class, but id and the cta we already have.

So I think we're good here.

Right, that was the last one.

And indeed it was,

so let's go back up and now here in our menu

let's create or correct anchors here.

So this one is called how.

So, it will now lead to the element

with the id of how

and never forget this, so the hash.

Without this it will not work at all.

Then here meals,

testimonials,

pricing, and finally to try for free is cta now, okay.

And so now maybe it makes sense

why basically an empty link is this one here.

It's basically also just an anchor,

which will simply lead to the top of the page, right?

So it's not really, in fact, an empty link.

It's simply an anchor for the top of the page.

So down here we have that other button here.

So this link that is styled as a button

where we already set the cta anchor,

and now here for the learn more link,

let's simply make this one move to the first section.

So that's a very common practice.

All right.

So I think we should be done.

So this one, we already tested.

This one leads to the how it works section.

This one here as well.

And let's really test all of them just to make sure.

So testimonials, nice.

Pricing and finally cta.

Beautiful.

So we have everything now set up in the HTML.

And actually if all you cared about

was the Google Chrome browser and also Firefox,

then you wouldn't need any JavaScript at all

to now animate these scrowlings.

So let me show you how we can actually animate

scrolling behavior, just using CSS.

So for that, I'm going to open up our a general

and then in body.

So in the body selector,

we can set scroll behavior to smooth.

All right.

So just to make sure let's remove all of this here.

And now when I click here,

let's see how it moves smoothly to the next section.

Wow, that didn't really work.

So let's go back here and yeah,

actually that scroll behavior property

should not be on a body, but on the HTML.

All right.

So that should fix it.

Let's delete this here and now let's see.

And indeed that was a beautiful, smooth scrolling animation.

All right, here the same

and it will of course work for all of them.

So that's really nice except for

that it doesn't work on the current version of Safari.

So if I copy this and open up Safari,

let's remove this part here.

Then you see that as I click here,

we still have this kind of harsh jump

instead of a nice and smooth animation right.

Now, the problem with this is that Safari is in fact,

the only browser that is available on the iPhone and iPad.

So even Google Chrome on these devices

actually uses Safari as the rendering engine

and so on all these devices,

so on all iPhones out there, it will not work.

So you will always then have simply this.

And this is really not good,

especially for a big page like this one,

where if we click here and then it doesn't move there

very smoothly, it seems like this is

an entirely new page, right?

So this hard jump doesn't really show

that we are moving there.

While when we click here, if we click on meals here,

then we can nicely see that we're still on the same page

and that it simply moved there.

So the animation here is not really

just to make it beautiful,

but also to show the user what is going on, right?

And so we should fix this unless you are like watching this

maybe in like 2024 or 25, then you might be okay

and all the latest versions of Safari

might already have this,

but at this point we should now write some JavaScript

to implement this functionality for all browsers.

Okay, so let's move back here and turn this off.

Does not work on Safari and also not on Microsoft edge.

So maybe right now it does.

I'm not sure because they are using the same engine as

Google Chrome, but sometime ago it also didn't work there.

And yeah, again, the best thing to do

is to just write some JavaScript here to fix that.

And that will not be the only problem we have with Safari.

So the next lecture or the one after that.

Here, you see that all this code

is also for fixing something in Safari,

but let's not get ahead of ourselves

and just work here on the smooth scrolling animation.

Now, okay, now this one will be

a little bit more complex than the one that we did before,

but I will just explain everything step by step.

And then the code at least should make sense.

Even though, as I said before,

I will, of course not expect you to be able to write

this sort of code after just watching

these few lectures here.

For that, you would have to take

probably an entire JavaScript course.

But anyway, let's now select all the links

on the page basically.

So let's say all links.

So document query selector,

and now it is actually query selector all.

So when we want more than just element,

we need to do this and now we can simply

use the a selector, right?

And so that will then select only the links.

And to make it even better,

we can also use the link pseudo class here.

So just like this.

And so then just like in CSS,

this will only select anchor elements,

which actually have the href property.

So again, just like in CSS, right?

Now, just to see,

let's take a look at this inner console.

All right.

So let's inspect this back here.

And so you see now we get this thing here,

which is called a note list.

And then, you see that here we have all of these

anchor elements, right?

Now, next we need to add an event listener

to each of these links, just like we did here before.

So in the exact same way, because now again,

we want to listen for a click event.

So we want something to happen whenever the user clicks

on one of these anchors.

All right, so all links,

but now we can not just write add event listener like this

because as we just saw, the all links are multiple elements.

And so we need to add the add event listener

to each of them individually.

So we can write for each.

Then here, we need to just like before write a function.

And then here we need to specify basically

that each of these elements in the all links is the link.

And this name here could of course be anything we wanted

could be just L but I like to call it here link

in this case.

And so now here is where we have

basically the individual link.

And then we can add event listener here like before.

There would actually be a cleaner way

of doing this called event delegation,

but let's not go into that right here.

So just like before, here we specify a function

and here we did actually give this name.

Again, so this so-called parameter in this function

and this e here stands for event

because we actually do have access to the events

that happens.

So let me show that to you also in the console.

Okay.

And so now the only thing that will happen is

that whenever we click on one of the links,

we will get the event object locked to the console.

So let's try this one here.

And indeed we get a mouse event.

So here we have then all this kind of data here,

which we don't really need.

And I just wanted to show you that we do get access

to that event and it has a bunch of data on it.

Now this is important here because as you see

that the page actually moved here, right?

Because of course that is the default behavior

of the anchor.

Okay.

But now we actually need to turn that default behavior off

so that we can implement our own.

So prevent default.

And so now if we try that again.

So coming up here,

so if I now click then nothing should happen.

And indeed it did not, all right?

And by the way, if you're not really interested

in the code that I'm writing here,

you can just skip this video and simply take the code here

from the final file of the section now, right?

You don't have to go through this

if you're not interested in JavaScript, okay?

But if you are interested, then let's keep going here.

And the first thing I'm going to do

is to now read basically the href attribute

out of the link that was clicked

because we will then use that href to actually scroll

to the corresponding section.

So that is link.getAttribute, with the name of href.

And again, let's log that to the console.

So href, all right?

And here again, I could have given it any name,

but here not.

So here, the name of the attribute that we want to get

from each link is really called href.

So really this here, for example, right?

So the name is href.

And so here we are reading that attribute.

So let's see, when I click here,

then we get cta and here we should get how, right,

because well that's where we set the anchor to,

so we can see that down there also.

Now okay.

And now we actually have everything to implement

our scrolling functionality,

and let's start with the one that scrolls back to the top.

So scroll back to top.

And so those are these ones here.

So this link, for example,

which has just the hash and also like

the one here in the footer.

So this one is also just hash, right?

And so this one and the one at the top,

we want them to scroll back to the top.

So we can say, if the href is equal to just this.

So what we just saw in the browser,

then to window should scroll to.

So you see that all of this reads kind of like English.

Now here we specify this object of options.

And we say the top should be zero pixels

and the behavior should be smooth.

All right, and that's it actually.

So at least for this type of link.

So if I click this now,

then it moves back smoothly to the top.

And the same here.

And it is the top because we set it here to zero.

So we could have set it like to 20,

and then it would move like to 20 pixels of the page.

You saw that.

So not really to the top, but of course

we want it to be zero here.

Now the thing is that not even this here does work

by default in Safari, but there is a fix for that.

So we can just include this line of code here in our HTML.

So this is what we call a polyfill,

which is basically a JavaScript library,

which implements this functionality for Safari.

So let's copy this.

So go ahead and select this text here and then copy it.

And then we need to also add that here as a script,

just like we did here with these ion icons.

So this was an external script

that was loaded from somewhere else.

And this was basically an internal script,

that is loaded from our own page.

And now we will add to this other script

that I just mentioned.

So alt or differ then source and then what we copied before.

All right, give it a save.

And so, yeah, let's copy this here now

and try it out in Safari.

Well, actually we don't,

we can just come here back to the top

and then let's move down and click on this one and whoa,

what's happening there?

Wow, that was just something strange from before,

but what matters here is that now it did scroll smoothly

to the top.

All right.

Now of course these others do not work yet because, well,

we didn't implement them yet.

So we only, yeah, right here, actually.

So we only implemented here the smoothing scrolling

for when the href is exactly this one here.

Right.

But then we also have some other situations.

So basically where the href is not just that.

So href is different then just this.

And at the same time, href starts with that.

Now, okay.

Now here we could also have said

or tested for the situation in which

href starts with this one and is longer

than just one character,

but well that's a really the same here.

Okay.

And now this here works a little bit different.

So for now let's again, just log it to the console

so I can then show you the technique

that we're gonna use here.

So this case, log href to the console.

Okay.

Let's test that here.

And so when we click here, it now should

log that to the console.

And actually that happened twice.

Pick up because we still have this part from before,

but let's go back.

So if we click here, it appears once.

And so that is because it starts with the hash,

but it is not just that.

And so if we click here,

then nothing appears in the console, all right.

So basically, because it does not pass

this testing condition here, all right.

But anyway, what matters is that this string here,

so this text looks somehow like a selector for an id.

Right.

So remember how the hash is the id selector in CSS, right?

And we can very easily check that by copying this.

And then let's say, just here, this is just for testing.

Let's say background blue, right?

And let's see, and indeed there it is.

So this is basically an id selector because yeah,

the hash selects for elements,

which have the id of this here, so of cta in this case.

And so we can use that also to our advantage

in the JavaScript.

So we can now select the element basically based on that.

So we can say document, but query selector all.

And then here remember that we have to write the selector.

And so the selector can simply be the href, right?

For example, just like hash cta.

So that's actually, again, log that to the console

and here, if we have more than one line of code,

we need to start a new block with these curly braces.

So let's call this section element

that we want to scroll to,

and then let's log that's to the console.

All right.

So let's move back up here.

So you see that now we got the element here

that we want to scroll to.

So basically the element that has the id

that is equal to the href of this element right here.

So you see, it is exactly this element here.

And here, if we click on the meals,

we of course get this other one.

So this one, right?

And so now we just need one final piece of the puzzle here,

which is to say section element

dot scroll into view, with the behavior,

and you can guess it, of smooth.

And that's actually it.

So here we could not use the scroll to,

because we wouldn't know which pixel value from the top

we would want to scroll to, right?

And so instead, we can use this scroll into view function.

So let's test that.

And yeah, that works beautifully.

And on all of them, of course it should work.

And now the final test on Safari

and yes, beautiful.

That is really nice, really amazing.

So we just implemented smooth scrolling on all browsers.

Now, just one final thing.

So let me switch back here to the mobile view,

which is, let's make this a bit bigger actually.

So when we switch, so when we turn on our navigation,

then let's say we click here.

So we smoothly moved here and so that's exactly as expected.

However, if we move back up then our navigation

is still here, of course, and that makes sense, right?

I mean, why wouldn't it?

There is nothing telling it that it should disappear.

However, this is not really practical, right?

So whenever we click on one of these links here,

basically we will want the navigation to close, right?

So we want this here to disappear.

Well, that is not all too hard to do.

So what we're gonna do is this,

So moving back here to our HTML,

these links that are in the navigation,

they all have this class name here, right?

And so what we can do is to check if the current link

has this class name, and if it does,

then we just do this here.

So we then just remove the nav open class.

Okay.

So let's keep adding some comments here

to structure our code to scroll to other links

and finally close mobile navigation.

So first off we need to check if the link has that class

of main nav link.

And the way we do that is a little bit similar

to what we did here.

So with this class list.

So we can say link.classlist,

but now instead of a toggle, we can say contains.

So, classlist.content.

And so this basically asks the question, is this class,

so is main nav link inside of the class list

of the link that we just clicked.

Okay, and so if it is,

then we say basically what we have here.

So let's just grab that and that's it.

So again, we basically reach into the list of classes

of the link and so if it contains the main nav link,

and so that's how we identify the five links

that are here in the main nav,

then we want to toggle the nav open.

So basically removing that nav open if it is on the header.

So let's test that again

and we could already see that it was fading out, right?

And so it's gone.

And so with this, we actually

have everything working now beautifully.

And just to make sure let's also test it here,

just making it smaller, all right.

Pricing.

And it's gone now, here as well.

All right, beautiful.

So yet another small effect here, I completed.

So great job.

And so let's move on to the next on

where we will create a so-called sticky navigation.

So in other words, where we will make

this navigation bar here stick on the top

throughout the entire page.

So making it appear up here.

So that's going to be really exciting as well.

So hopefully I see you there soon.