All language subtitles for Butterfly.Effect.S03E10_English

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,033 --> 00:00:03,123 (dramatic music) - [Tercelin] Our history 2 00:00:03,150 --> 00:00:06,030 is no more than a series of incredible events. 3 00:00:06,066 --> 00:00:08,266 Every one of us can influence it's course. 4 00:00:09,366 --> 00:00:12,246 (dramatic music) 5 00:00:30,166 --> 00:00:32,316 The most infinitesimal of our decisions 6 00:00:32,350 --> 00:00:35,300 can influence the future of humanity. 7 00:00:35,333 --> 00:00:39,103 To know the past is to foresee the future. 8 00:00:39,133 --> 00:00:40,403 52 B.C. 9 00:00:40,433 --> 00:00:43,353 Gaul, opiddum of Alesia. 10 00:00:43,383 --> 00:00:46,173 In the day following a dreadful night of fighting, 11 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:50,000 the Arverne leader Vercingetorix is victorious. 12 00:00:50,033 --> 00:00:52,133 In the heart of the fray he confronted, 13 00:00:52,166 --> 00:00:54,126 then killed with his bare hands, 14 00:00:54,166 --> 00:00:57,026 the enemy leader, King Hasdrubal. 15 00:00:57,066 --> 00:00:58,296 (crashing) 16 00:00:58,333 --> 00:01:01,183 After his crushing victory at the Battle of Cannae, 17 00:01:01,216 --> 00:01:03,446 the general Hannibal attacked Rome. 18 00:01:03,483 --> 00:01:06,253 The rival city was razed to the ground. 19 00:01:07,383 --> 00:01:09,473 In Carthage, taking advantage of both 20 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:13,170 his great military prestige and his huge war chest, 21 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:17,080 Hannibal seized power and proclaimed himself king. 22 00:01:17,116 --> 00:01:20,176 During the following century the Carthaginian armies 23 00:01:20,216 --> 00:01:22,996 conquered the rest of the Western Mediterranean, 24 00:01:23,033 --> 00:01:24,323 even venturing into Gaul. 25 00:01:25,483 --> 00:01:27,373 But none of that ever happened. 26 00:01:27,400 --> 00:01:30,280 In 216 B.C. a small grain of sand 27 00:01:30,316 --> 00:01:32,276 will change the outcome of the conflict 28 00:01:32,316 --> 00:01:34,446 between Rome and Carthage. 29 00:01:34,483 --> 00:01:37,373 (ethereal music) 30 00:01:39,366 --> 00:01:41,376 Eighth century B.C. 31 00:01:41,416 --> 00:01:45,446 A Phoenician Queen, Dido, landed on the African coasts 32 00:01:45,483 --> 00:01:48,003 where she founded the city of Carthage. 33 00:01:49,216 --> 00:01:52,396 Six centuries later, the Carthaginian Hannibal Barca 34 00:01:54,066 --> 00:01:56,466 invaded Italy and decimated the Roman legions. 35 00:01:58,233 --> 00:02:02,353 In 146 B.C., finally defeated by Roman armies 36 00:02:02,383 --> 00:02:06,103 Carthage is pillaged, set ablaze, and razed. 37 00:02:07,450 --> 00:02:12,000 These three events are key moments of the Carthaginian era. 38 00:02:12,033 --> 00:02:13,403 They resulted in it's destruction 39 00:02:13,433 --> 00:02:16,473 by it's great rival the Roman Republic. 40 00:02:19,266 --> 00:02:22,196 North Africa, eighth century B.C. 41 00:02:24,316 --> 00:02:27,216 The Phoenician Queen Dido, forced to flee 42 00:02:27,250 --> 00:02:30,180 from her native city of Tyre on the Lebanese coast, 43 00:02:30,216 --> 00:02:32,466 finally landed here, on the other side 44 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:34,170 of the Mediterranean Sea. 45 00:02:35,366 --> 00:02:38,226 She asked the local chief for a land 46 00:02:38,266 --> 00:02:40,216 where she and her people could settle. 47 00:02:43,283 --> 00:02:45,483 According to the legend, he promised her 48 00:02:46,016 --> 00:02:49,276 as much land as could be encompassed by an ox hide. 49 00:02:51,216 --> 00:02:54,076 Dido cut the ox hide into fine strips, 50 00:02:54,116 --> 00:02:55,396 so that she had enough to encircle 51 00:02:55,433 --> 00:02:58,173 an entire nearby hill for her new city. 52 00:03:00,033 --> 00:03:02,383 Diplomacy and negotiation, two mainstays 53 00:03:02,416 --> 00:03:05,246 of this embryonic city, helped create 54 00:03:05,283 --> 00:03:08,273 one of the most impressive powers of antiquity. 55 00:03:08,300 --> 00:03:11,420 Carthage. (dramatic music) 56 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:15,300 Phoenicians were indisputably 57 00:03:15,333 --> 00:03:17,323 the greatest sailors of antiquity. 58 00:03:19,083 --> 00:03:21,173 Although they didn't know the compass yet, 59 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:24,100 they knew how to find their bearings even at night. 60 00:03:26,016 --> 00:03:28,226 At the end of the 2nd millennium B.C. 61 00:03:28,266 --> 00:03:30,216 they turned to maritime commerce, 62 00:03:30,250 --> 00:03:34,030 and set up trading posts and colonies on the Mediterranean. 63 00:03:35,433 --> 00:03:37,473 Each new colony was independent, 64 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:40,420 but they where all united by a common culture, 65 00:03:40,450 --> 00:03:44,050 the same language, and the same beliefs. 66 00:03:44,083 --> 00:03:48,323 Carthage, which means new city, was one of these colonies. 67 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,030 From the beginning, it's development relied on trading, 68 00:03:54,066 --> 00:03:56,266 then agriculture and craft production. 69 00:03:58,316 --> 00:04:02,066 Situated on a peninsula closely linked to the dry land, 70 00:04:02,100 --> 00:04:04,380 the town quickly extended its zone of influence, 71 00:04:04,416 --> 00:04:06,446 from Spain to Cyprus. 72 00:04:08,250 --> 00:04:12,420 It became a real sea empire, an economic confederation. 73 00:04:14,216 --> 00:04:17,066 At the head of the city, no king or tyrant, 74 00:04:17,100 --> 00:04:19,120 but two senior officials. 75 00:04:19,150 --> 00:04:23,180 The Shophets, elected for a period determined by a senate 76 00:04:23,216 --> 00:04:25,366 and controlled by a popular assembly. 77 00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:27,430 (electronic beat) 78 00:04:27,466 --> 00:04:30,126 - [Helen] Welcome to the memory of humanity. 79 00:04:31,316 --> 00:04:34,326 Every historical event, regardless of how small, 80 00:04:34,366 --> 00:04:36,216 is recorded and connected. 81 00:04:37,416 --> 00:04:41,996 You only need to change one to upset all the others. 82 00:04:42,033 --> 00:04:44,423 Here we are able to control time, 83 00:04:44,450 --> 00:04:47,120 analyze and compare billions of events 84 00:04:47,150 --> 00:04:50,070 in order to rewrite history in infinite ways. 85 00:04:51,233 --> 00:04:54,153 Was Carthage the first republic in history? 86 00:04:55,450 --> 00:04:58,470 Actually there are only a few sources of that time, 87 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:00,150 and we must rely on Roman 88 00:05:00,183 --> 00:05:03,283 or Greek historians from antiquity. 89 00:05:03,316 --> 00:05:06,146 But most likely, Carthage was ruled 90 00:05:06,183 --> 00:05:09,353 by a system both oligarchic and democratic. 91 00:05:11,383 --> 00:05:14,133 Two judges holding the executive power, 92 00:05:14,166 --> 00:05:16,476 the Shophet's, were elected for a period 93 00:05:17,016 --> 00:05:20,296 determined by a senate whose members were themselves born 94 00:05:20,333 --> 00:05:23,053 into the major Carthaginian families. 95 00:05:23,083 --> 00:05:25,153 A popular assembly allowed the population 96 00:05:25,183 --> 00:05:28,423 to express itself and constituted an opposition force. 97 00:05:29,450 --> 00:05:32,100 According to Aristotle, Carthage, 98 00:05:32,133 --> 00:05:35,453 founded 300 years before the birth of the Roman Republic, 99 00:05:35,483 --> 00:05:40,003 would thus be the first republic of history. 100 00:05:40,033 --> 00:05:41,033 Let's resume. 101 00:05:43,016 --> 00:05:45,426 (dramatic music) 102 00:05:45,466 --> 00:05:47,296 - [Tercelin] Following an argument, 103 00:05:47,333 --> 00:05:51,133 Remus has just been killed by his twin brother Romulus. 104 00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:56,120 According to legend, the blood of the son of Mars 105 00:05:56,150 --> 00:05:58,430 establishes a village on the Palatine hill 106 00:05:58,466 --> 00:06:01,026 in the heart of the Italian peninsula. 107 00:06:03,416 --> 00:06:06,076 He gives the village his name, Rome. 108 00:06:09,333 --> 00:06:13,103 The early days of Rome were as violent as its founding myth, 109 00:06:13,133 --> 00:06:16,073 made of frequent wars against neighboring cities. 110 00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:22,120 In 390 B.C. the armies of Rome were wiped out 111 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:24,350 and the city was devastated by the Celtic hordes 112 00:06:24,383 --> 00:06:26,223 of the great chief Brennus. 113 00:06:28,183 --> 00:06:31,353 The Romans will never forget this traumatic experience. 114 00:06:31,383 --> 00:06:34,073 Surrounded by enemies, they become obsessed 115 00:06:34,100 --> 00:06:36,420 with their own survival and continuously build 116 00:06:36,450 --> 00:06:39,000 a bigger and bigger living space. 117 00:06:39,033 --> 00:06:41,303 The only guarantor for their security. 118 00:06:43,350 --> 00:06:46,130 Yet, in the third century B.C. 119 00:06:46,166 --> 00:06:49,366 there was no shortage of enemies in this part of the world. 120 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:52,320 A vast number of peoples, cities and kingdoms 121 00:06:52,350 --> 00:06:54,150 were in perpetual motion. 122 00:06:56,466 --> 00:06:58,366 Alexander the Great's shadow 123 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:01,230 is still hanging over the Eastern Mediterranean. 124 00:07:01,266 --> 00:07:03,996 (dramatic music) 125 00:07:04,033 --> 00:07:06,123 in Western Mediterranean, many Greeks 126 00:07:06,150 --> 00:07:08,330 live in Sicily, Italy, or Gaul, 127 00:07:08,366 --> 00:07:10,446 where they had founded numerous colonies. 128 00:07:10,483 --> 00:07:13,253 Such as Massalia or Syracuse. 129 00:07:14,416 --> 00:07:17,076 Alliances are formed and broken up, 130 00:07:17,116 --> 00:07:19,296 each one trying to impose its authority. 131 00:07:19,333 --> 00:07:22,253 War after war, sacrifice after sacrifice, 132 00:07:22,283 --> 00:07:26,123 the Roman legions soon control the entire Italian peninsula. 133 00:07:27,333 --> 00:07:31,453 In 264 B.C., even though it was only a regional power, 134 00:07:31,483 --> 00:07:36,033 Rome had forged itself an unfailing fighting spirit. 135 00:07:36,066 --> 00:07:38,296 Its legions of citizen soldiers were devoted 136 00:07:38,333 --> 00:07:40,283 and ready to die for their country. 137 00:07:42,233 --> 00:07:44,403 During many centuries, Carthage and Rome 138 00:07:44,433 --> 00:07:46,103 developed independently. 139 00:07:47,450 --> 00:07:51,070 Carthage was a sea confederation rooted in Africa, 140 00:07:51,100 --> 00:07:54,430 while Rome was a mainland power turned towards the lands. 141 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,330 Both cities even made several trading agreements. 142 00:07:59,366 --> 00:08:03,076 However, Roma had acquired a taste for conquest and power. 143 00:08:03,116 --> 00:08:05,426 (dramatic music) 144 00:08:05,466 --> 00:08:08,166 With Italy conquered and under control, 145 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:11,150 new threats could only come from Gaul in the north, 146 00:08:11,183 --> 00:08:13,073 or Sicily in the south. 147 00:08:13,100 --> 00:08:16,170 (dramatic music) 148 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,180 However Sicily, a strategic island 149 00:08:19,216 --> 00:08:21,446 situated at the crossroads of sea routes, 150 00:08:21,483 --> 00:08:25,233 was almost entirely under Carthaginian domination. 151 00:08:25,266 --> 00:08:27,446 Both powers are now facing each other, 152 00:08:27,483 --> 00:08:31,483 only separated by a strait a few kilometers wide. 153 00:08:32,016 --> 00:08:34,476 (electronic music) 154 00:08:35,016 --> 00:08:36,326 - [Helen] The Mediterranean Sea 155 00:08:36,366 --> 00:08:40,216 is surrounded with lands and sprinkled with islands. 156 00:08:40,250 --> 00:08:45,070 Whoever wants to control it must own a great naval fleet. 157 00:08:45,100 --> 00:08:48,250 In the third century B.C. the most powerful warship 158 00:08:48,283 --> 00:08:50,453 was indisputably the quinquereme. 159 00:08:50,483 --> 00:08:53,253 An antique galley whose main feature 160 00:08:53,283 --> 00:08:57,273 was five lines of rowers, as the name indicates. 161 00:08:57,300 --> 00:09:01,030 It's 300 rowers, twice a standard galley, 162 00:09:01,066 --> 00:09:04,076 brought the necessary power to charge at enemy ships 163 00:09:04,116 --> 00:09:05,366 and strike them head on. 164 00:09:07,100 --> 00:09:09,130 The rostrum, a kind of bronze ram 165 00:09:09,166 --> 00:09:13,196 situated on the bow, smashed the opposing hull to pieces. 166 00:09:15,316 --> 00:09:19,016 The Romans, clearly more at ease on land than at sea, 167 00:09:19,050 --> 00:09:21,100 will develop their own tactics. 168 00:09:22,316 --> 00:09:25,076 The corvus, a wooden removal bridge 169 00:09:25,116 --> 00:09:28,216 equipped with an iron post, was designed to strike 170 00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:31,450 enemy ships and allow boarding, followed by a hand to hand 171 00:09:31,483 --> 00:09:35,003 fight in which the Legionaries excelled. 172 00:09:37,366 --> 00:09:39,166 The Romans had found a way 173 00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:42,100 of turning naval combat into land battle. 174 00:09:43,283 --> 00:09:46,153 A way to restore the balance of power. 175 00:09:46,183 --> 00:09:49,473 (ethereal music) - [Tercelin] 260 B.C., 176 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:54,200 off Malia, the Roman fleet has just defeated Carthage's. 177 00:09:54,233 --> 00:09:57,103 (ethereal music) 178 00:09:59,166 --> 00:10:02,276 It came as a shock, one of the greatest navies 179 00:10:02,316 --> 00:10:03,466 of the whole Mediterranean 180 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,350 had just been crushed on it's home turf. 181 00:10:09,050 --> 00:10:10,420 The first major naval victory in 182 00:10:10,450 --> 00:10:14,070 Roman military history, but not the last one. 183 00:10:14,100 --> 00:10:17,330 As the terrible war between rival cities drags on for years. 184 00:10:17,366 --> 00:10:20,046 (men shouting) (dramatic music) 185 00:10:20,083 --> 00:10:23,253 From 264 B.C., legions landed in Sicily. 186 00:10:25,300 --> 00:10:28,470 Since then, one siege followed another, 187 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:32,080 each camp scoring points in turn. 188 00:10:32,116 --> 00:10:34,066 Aware that the conflict would be settled 189 00:10:34,100 --> 00:10:37,120 by control of the seas, the Roman senate voted 190 00:10:37,150 --> 00:10:39,020 for the building of a great fleet 191 00:10:39,050 --> 00:10:42,150 and heavily recruited Greek sailors from the south of Italy. 192 00:10:44,250 --> 00:10:47,200 On it's side Carthage recruited mass mercenaries 193 00:10:47,233 --> 00:10:49,083 and in Sicily the troops 194 00:10:49,116 --> 00:10:51,476 of the brilliant General Hamilcar Barca 195 00:10:52,016 --> 00:10:55,116 succeeded in thwarting Roman legions. 196 00:10:55,150 --> 00:10:57,350 (dramatic music) (men yelling) 197 00:10:57,383 --> 00:10:59,403 The conflict gets bogged down, 198 00:10:59,433 --> 00:11:02,223 soon there are thousands of casualties. 199 00:11:02,250 --> 00:11:05,150 Two super powers are throwing all their strength 200 00:11:05,183 --> 00:11:06,483 into gigantic combat. 201 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:11,270 Off Ecnomus, the Roman fleet is once again victorious 202 00:11:11,300 --> 00:11:13,430 and lands troops in Africa. 203 00:11:13,466 --> 00:11:16,126 The road to Carhage is wide open. 204 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:20,450 Carthage counter-attacks and sends 200 galleys 205 00:11:20,483 --> 00:11:23,103 and 100 war elephants in Sicily. 206 00:11:24,333 --> 00:11:26,483 In Drapana the Carthaginian fleet 207 00:11:27,016 --> 00:11:29,396 inflicts a dreadful defeat on the Roman galleys. 208 00:11:32,166 --> 00:11:34,346 Carthage rules the seas, but soon 209 00:11:34,383 --> 00:11:37,453 has to face an uprising from the Numidian tribes. 210 00:11:39,250 --> 00:11:42,250 Forced to devote its energies to this revolt, 211 00:11:42,283 --> 00:11:45,123 the city can't capitalize on its victories. 212 00:11:46,433 --> 00:11:50,203 In Rome, the last defeats swallow up money 213 00:11:50,233 --> 00:11:52,173 which allows anti-war forces to bring 214 00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:55,420 new military expenditure to a standstill. 215 00:11:55,450 --> 00:11:58,330 At the same time, Carthage is on it's knees, 216 00:11:58,366 --> 00:12:01,126 tries to obtain credit fro Egypt. 217 00:12:01,166 --> 00:12:03,096 Trading, the driving force behind 218 00:12:03,133 --> 00:12:06,123 the Carthaginian economy is deadlocked. 219 00:12:06,150 --> 00:12:08,300 (dramatic music) 220 00:12:08,333 --> 00:12:10,373 War is expensive. 221 00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:13,120 Seeing that the situation is at a standstill, 222 00:12:13,150 --> 00:12:15,300 Rome is resort to a private loan. 223 00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:17,423 At their own expense, wealthy citizens 224 00:12:17,450 --> 00:12:20,150 equip a final naval fleet. 225 00:12:20,183 --> 00:12:21,283 It must end. 226 00:12:25,100 --> 00:12:28,470 241 B.C. off Aegatian islands, 227 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:32,470 the confrontation, just like the war, is huge. 228 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:34,380 The Roman victory is crushing. 229 00:12:37,150 --> 00:12:39,300 For the Carthaginian senate, dominated by 230 00:12:39,333 --> 00:12:44,073 major merchant families, this new defeat is the last straw. 231 00:12:44,100 --> 00:12:47,200 For them, instead of a new military option, 232 00:12:47,233 --> 00:12:49,383 it is now time for negotiation. 233 00:12:52,116 --> 00:12:54,266 - [Helen] Mercenaries or citizens, 234 00:12:55,316 --> 00:12:59,116 war was both expensive and risky. 235 00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:01,250 The Carthaginian senate chose to get out of 236 00:13:01,283 --> 00:13:04,233 this conflict using money and diplomacy. 237 00:13:05,416 --> 00:13:08,176 The city had soon made the pragmatic choice 238 00:13:08,216 --> 00:13:11,396 to recruit mercenaries, particularly to save 239 00:13:11,433 --> 00:13:14,053 it's limited manpower resources. 240 00:13:15,183 --> 00:13:17,053 The Carthaginian armies were thus, 241 00:13:17,083 --> 00:13:19,173 not permanent and lacked cohesion. 242 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:24,050 Libyan's, Numidian's, Iberian's and Celts made up the basis 243 00:13:24,083 --> 00:13:26,183 of both its infantry and cavalry. 244 00:13:27,333 --> 00:13:29,283 The Carthaginian generals could also count 245 00:13:29,316 --> 00:13:33,046 on the tanks of the time, war elephants. 246 00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:37,220 Led by a mahout, they were trained 247 00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:41,250 to charge at the enemy ranks to break the first lines, 248 00:13:41,283 --> 00:13:45,053 and to spread panic by trampling on soldiers. 249 00:13:48,100 --> 00:13:51,070 Unlike Carthage, Rome owned a land army 250 00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:53,470 mostly made up of citizens. 251 00:13:55,300 --> 00:13:58,200 Each legion was composed of 30 maniples 252 00:13:58,233 --> 00:14:01,303 which were also divided up into two centuries. 253 00:14:04,116 --> 00:14:07,246 The whole, very flexible and maneuverable, 254 00:14:07,283 --> 00:14:09,253 made three lines of battle. 255 00:14:09,283 --> 00:14:14,183 On the front line, the hastati took the first confrontation. 256 00:14:14,216 --> 00:14:17,296 The principe's came after, followed by the triari, 257 00:14:17,333 --> 00:14:20,083 the veterans who formed the last bastion. 258 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,250 A real army of citizens in which 259 00:14:25,283 --> 00:14:28,103 every Roman less than 46 years old 260 00:14:28,133 --> 00:14:30,403 could be called up to serve the Republic. 261 00:14:30,433 --> 00:14:34,223 Two completely different conceptions of an army. 262 00:14:36,233 --> 00:14:40,073 - [Tercelin] October, 218 B.C., Northern Italy. 263 00:14:40,100 --> 00:14:42,020 (marching footsteps) 264 00:14:42,050 --> 00:14:45,080 Hannibal Barca son of the great Hamilcar, 265 00:14:45,116 --> 00:14:47,396 hero of the last war against Romans, 266 00:14:47,433 --> 00:14:50,403 has just crossed the Alps. (elephant trumpets) 267 00:14:50,433 --> 00:14:54,403 Hannibal, his army and his elephants. 268 00:14:54,433 --> 00:14:56,483 Just in front of them is Italy, 269 00:14:57,016 --> 00:14:58,326 home of the Roman Republic. 270 00:15:00,216 --> 00:15:03,996 It is now time for revenge for this Carthaginian general. 271 00:15:04,033 --> 00:15:08,203 (marching footsteps) (sorrowful music) 272 00:15:08,233 --> 00:15:10,103 (men chanting) 273 00:15:10,133 --> 00:15:13,353 At the end of the previous war Carthage was forced, 274 00:15:13,383 --> 00:15:16,183 in addition to the payment of a large indemnity, 275 00:15:16,216 --> 00:15:19,996 to give up Sicily and numerous islands. 276 00:15:20,033 --> 00:15:22,383 23 years of armed peace had followed, 277 00:15:22,416 --> 00:15:25,126 during which Rome had seized Sardinia. 278 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:29,450 Meanwhile, Carthage had made up for its territorial losses 279 00:15:29,483 --> 00:15:32,203 by the conquest of a large part of Spain. 280 00:15:33,416 --> 00:15:36,276 The oligarchic power of the Carthaginian merchants 281 00:15:36,316 --> 00:15:37,396 had seen the emergence 282 00:15:37,433 --> 00:15:40,423 of a new dominant family, the Barcids, 283 00:15:40,450 --> 00:15:42,370 of which Hannibal was a member. 284 00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:47,466 Deeply devoted to his city, the young Carthaginian 285 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:49,200 had lived at the dark moments 286 00:15:49,233 --> 00:15:51,473 of the dreadful mutinies of mercenaries. 287 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,350 (peaceful music) Now a grownup and a general 288 00:15:55,383 --> 00:15:58,453 he considers that it is time to make Rome pay. 289 00:16:01,050 --> 00:16:02,280 Aware that his fleet is weak, 290 00:16:02,316 --> 00:16:05,316 he decides to attack the Romans bye surprise 291 00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:07,470 and to travel overland to reach Italy 292 00:16:08,016 --> 00:16:10,426 through the natural barrier of the Alps. 293 00:16:10,466 --> 00:16:13,366 (dramatic music) 294 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:17,200 His goal is to provoke the uprising of the allies of Rome 295 00:16:17,233 --> 00:16:19,223 and to defeat the Roman legions. 296 00:16:20,433 --> 00:16:23,353 When the Roman senators learn about Hannibal's feat, 297 00:16:23,383 --> 00:16:25,033 they are panic stricken. 298 00:16:26,133 --> 00:16:28,303 An army is immediately sent to confront him. 299 00:16:29,300 --> 00:16:30,320 Then another one. 300 00:16:32,133 --> 00:16:33,403 And so on. 301 00:16:33,433 --> 00:16:37,103 (dramatic music) 302 00:16:37,133 --> 00:16:39,403 Each one of them is defeated. 303 00:16:41,250 --> 00:16:43,450 Showing a true tactical genius, 304 00:16:43,483 --> 00:16:46,423 Hannibal surrounds the legions at Ticinus, 305 00:16:46,450 --> 00:16:49,130 attacks the by surprise at the Trebia, 306 00:16:49,166 --> 00:16:50,376 slaughters them in thousands 307 00:16:50,416 --> 00:16:53,046 on the misty shores of Lake Trasimene. 308 00:16:56,316 --> 00:17:00,266 The Republic is abandoned by several allies of Rome, 309 00:17:00,300 --> 00:17:03,250 but most of them remain faithful to Rome. 310 00:17:03,283 --> 00:17:06,303 Despite his resounding military victories, 311 00:17:06,333 --> 00:17:10,073 Hannibal has not yet succeeded in raising up Italy. 312 00:17:11,250 --> 00:17:14,270 He is counting on a decisive military victory, 313 00:17:14,300 --> 00:17:18,200 however the Romans now refuse direct confrontation. 314 00:17:18,233 --> 00:17:20,353 They understand that for the time being, 315 00:17:20,383 --> 00:17:23,123 the Carthaginian is simply invincible. 316 00:17:25,216 --> 00:17:29,366 To force them to fight, Hannibal seizes the Cannae area. 317 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:31,170 The Roman army's granary. 318 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:33,300 (dramatic music) 319 00:17:33,333 --> 00:17:37,123 Rome has no other choice but to fight with its last army. 320 00:17:37,150 --> 00:17:40,030 (dramatic music) 321 00:17:41,383 --> 00:17:42,433 August 2nd. 322 00:17:44,083 --> 00:17:48,403 In the year 216 B.C. Hannibal's 50,000 mercenaries 323 00:17:49,466 --> 00:17:51,466 are facing the 80,000 Roman Legionaries 324 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:53,430 who are rushing headlong into the 325 00:17:53,466 --> 00:17:55,296 Carthaginian generals' trap. 326 00:17:56,383 --> 00:17:59,103 Quickly surrounded and attacked from all sides, 327 00:17:59,133 --> 00:18:02,173 the legions are unable to maneuver and are slaughtered. 328 00:18:02,200 --> 00:18:04,400 (dramatic music) 329 00:18:04,433 --> 00:18:06,283 In the evening of the battle, 330 00:18:06,316 --> 00:18:09,096 there are more than 45,000 dead. 331 00:18:10,483 --> 00:18:13,383 Hannibal is at the gates of Rome. 332 00:18:18,416 --> 00:18:21,426 - [Helen] We are now at a point of divergence. 333 00:18:21,466 --> 00:18:24,296 A point of divergence is a key moment, 334 00:18:24,333 --> 00:18:26,073 a crossroads in our history 335 00:18:26,100 --> 00:18:29,230 where our world can swing from one side or the other. 336 00:18:31,183 --> 00:18:34,123 Hannibal had just brought down the Roman armies. 337 00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:37,320 Now, he only had to advance on Rome, take the city, 338 00:18:37,350 --> 00:18:40,320 and nip the Roman ambition in the bud. 339 00:18:40,350 --> 00:18:43,450 If he had done it, we would now live in a world 340 00:18:43,483 --> 00:18:46,133 which would have never known the Roman Empire. 341 00:18:47,300 --> 00:18:49,380 Numerous serious consequences would have 342 00:18:49,416 --> 00:18:52,196 completely changed the face of the world. 343 00:18:54,466 --> 00:18:58,126 From the Empire, the west inherited the Roman law, 344 00:18:58,166 --> 00:19:01,276 the right of property, Latin and Greek art and culture, 345 00:19:01,316 --> 00:19:03,266 but also the Christian religion. 346 00:19:03,300 --> 00:19:06,180 (haunting music) 347 00:19:07,483 --> 00:19:10,373 Carthage might have exerted it's influence to Gaul. 348 00:19:12,100 --> 00:19:15,230 Nowadays, Europeans would be deeply impregnated with the 349 00:19:15,266 --> 00:19:17,476 Carthaginian culture, and might speak 350 00:19:18,016 --> 00:19:21,026 a Semitic language closely related to Arabic. 351 00:19:22,116 --> 00:19:24,326 However, arrived at the gates of Rome, 352 00:19:24,366 --> 00:19:26,476 Hannibal seemed to be hesitant. 353 00:19:27,016 --> 00:19:31,126 His troops were exhausted and he lacked siege equipment. 354 00:19:31,166 --> 00:19:33,096 Hannibal gave up the siege of Rome 355 00:19:33,133 --> 00:19:36,333 and occupied the south of Italy instead. 356 00:19:36,366 --> 00:19:38,396 He thought that the surrender of the Romans 357 00:19:38,433 --> 00:19:41,353 was both inevitable and imminent. 358 00:19:41,383 --> 00:19:45,023 However, sheltered by it's sturdy walls, 359 00:19:45,050 --> 00:19:48,120 the Roman people will decide otherwise. 360 00:19:49,433 --> 00:19:53,173 - [Tercelin] 202 B.C., plain of Zama, North Africa. 361 00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:56,350 (marching footsteps) 362 00:19:56,383 --> 00:19:59,123 Hannibal has just been called back from Italy. 363 00:20:00,350 --> 00:20:03,370 The Roman troops of General Scipio had landed in Africa, 364 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:06,480 allied themselves with the Numidian Prince Masinissa, 365 00:20:07,016 --> 00:20:08,316 and threatened to take Carthage. 366 00:20:08,350 --> 00:20:10,200 (dramatic music) 367 00:20:10,233 --> 00:20:12,303 What a strange irony of fate. 368 00:20:12,333 --> 00:20:15,173 After having threatened the Roman capital many years ago, 369 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:19,120 his strategy of isolation had completely failed. 370 00:20:19,150 --> 00:20:21,070 Italy had remained faithful to Rome 371 00:20:21,100 --> 00:20:24,150 and today he is forced to fly to Carthage's assistance. 372 00:20:24,183 --> 00:20:27,323 (dramatic music) (Hannibal yelling) 373 00:20:27,350 --> 00:20:31,050 The Carthaginian elephants charge General Scipios legions. 374 00:20:31,083 --> 00:20:33,453 (dramatic music) 375 00:20:33,483 --> 00:20:36,203 But Scipio had anticipated the attack 376 00:20:36,233 --> 00:20:39,083 and had ordered his troops to let through the mastodons 377 00:20:39,116 --> 00:20:42,196 to better surround them before slaughtering them. 378 00:20:42,233 --> 00:20:43,283 The soldiers of Rome rapidly had 379 00:20:43,316 --> 00:20:45,216 the advantage over Hannibal. 380 00:20:49,066 --> 00:20:52,376 Hannibal is defeated, the war is lost. 381 00:20:55,116 --> 00:20:58,146 The city is forced to hand over its entire fleet, 382 00:20:58,183 --> 00:21:01,183 its war elephants, and Spain. 383 00:21:01,216 --> 00:21:04,046 Carthage is a mere shadow of its former self. 384 00:21:04,083 --> 00:21:06,353 (dramatic music) 385 00:21:06,383 --> 00:21:10,033 But even if the city is down, it is still living. 386 00:21:12,016 --> 00:21:15,146 Deprived of both political and military roles, 387 00:21:15,183 --> 00:21:17,223 Carthage boosts its trade and puts 388 00:21:17,250 --> 00:21:20,480 the economical situation right in only a few years. 389 00:21:21,016 --> 00:21:25,076 The city gets rich again, after barely 10 years Carthage 390 00:21:25,116 --> 00:21:28,366 offers Rome to pay its war debts in advance. 391 00:21:28,400 --> 00:21:31,300 In the senate, the senators are once more haunted 392 00:21:31,333 --> 00:21:34,303 by the specter of a military recovery of Carthage. 393 00:21:34,333 --> 00:21:37,483 Caton, one of the most virulent ones , 394 00:21:38,016 --> 00:21:40,276 ends every one of his speeches by the sentence 395 00:21:40,316 --> 00:21:45,266 Carthago delende est meaning, Carthage must be destroyed. 396 00:21:45,300 --> 00:21:48,050 The Romans won't take long to find a pretext, 397 00:21:48,083 --> 00:21:50,223 forced to defend itself against an aggression 398 00:21:50,250 --> 00:21:54,000 from the Numidian Kingdom, Carthage has to rearm. 399 00:21:54,033 --> 00:21:55,433 It doesn't take more. 400 00:21:55,466 --> 00:21:59,296 In 146 B.C. after a long three year siege, 401 00:21:59,333 --> 00:22:03,083 it is the last action of this age old war. 402 00:22:03,116 --> 00:22:05,426 The Roman troops enter the burning city. 403 00:22:05,466 --> 00:22:09,116 (somber music) 404 00:22:09,150 --> 00:22:13,030 The fighting, house after house, is pitiless. 405 00:22:13,066 --> 00:22:15,296 The streets are strewn with corpses. 406 00:22:17,316 --> 00:22:19,366 The cornered Carthaginians know 407 00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:21,230 they are fighting to survive. 408 00:22:22,366 --> 00:22:23,296 In vain. 409 00:22:24,316 --> 00:22:27,166 During six days and six nights 410 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:31,400 the city is engulfed in flames and given over to pillage. 411 00:22:31,433 --> 00:22:35,173 (somber music) (people faintly shouting) 412 00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:38,300 The survivors are reduced to slavery. 413 00:22:38,333 --> 00:22:42,303 The land is declared sah sehre, which means cursed. 414 00:22:42,333 --> 00:22:45,333 It is strictly forbidden for anyone to settle there. 415 00:22:47,233 --> 00:22:50,373 Carthage has been well and truly destroyed. 416 00:22:54,033 --> 00:22:56,323 During the same year, Greece is subjected 417 00:22:56,350 --> 00:22:58,450 by the legions for good. 418 00:22:58,483 --> 00:23:00,453 The influence of Rome soon expands 419 00:23:00,483 --> 00:23:03,003 to the entire Mediterranean. 420 00:23:03,033 --> 00:23:06,073 However, both this expansion ant this wealth inflow 421 00:23:06,100 --> 00:23:08,470 are about to completely change the stability 422 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:11,000 of the original city state. 423 00:23:11,033 --> 00:23:13,123 Serious crises would soon be triggered 424 00:23:13,150 --> 00:23:15,170 followed by a dreadful civil war, 425 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,400 which would lead to the end of the Roman Republic, 426 00:23:17,433 --> 00:23:20,223 then to the advent of the Empire. 427 00:23:20,250 --> 00:23:23,280 But that is another story. 428 00:23:23,316 --> 00:23:26,346 (crowd cheering) (electronic beat) 429 00:23:26,383 --> 00:23:28,473 - [Helen] Woe to the vanquished. 430 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,380 (eerie music) 431 00:23:31,416 --> 00:23:34,176 During the antiquity it was customary 432 00:23:34,216 --> 00:23:37,066 to plunder the city seized from the enemy. 433 00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:40,320 The capture of Carthage was a tragedy 434 00:23:40,350 --> 00:23:42,130 and an appalling sight. 435 00:23:42,166 --> 00:23:44,096 (soft music) 436 00:23:44,133 --> 00:23:47,303 Its population was enslaved or wiped out, 437 00:23:47,333 --> 00:23:50,083 its archives went up in smoke. 438 00:23:50,116 --> 00:23:53,216 Its magnificent library was devastated. 439 00:23:54,466 --> 00:23:58,196 After a 650 year old existence, 440 00:23:58,233 --> 00:24:01,273 hardly anything is known about this city. 441 00:24:01,300 --> 00:24:04,170 It is as if it had disappeared from history. 442 00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:08,120 It will subsist only through its language and its culture 443 00:24:08,150 --> 00:24:10,320 which survived in its former colonies. 444 00:24:11,466 --> 00:24:13,416 The succession of the three wars 445 00:24:13,450 --> 00:24:15,130 which led to its destruction 446 00:24:15,166 --> 00:24:18,376 are these days known as the Punic Wars. 447 00:24:18,416 --> 00:24:22,096 The word Punic is Latin, not Carthaginian. 448 00:24:22,133 --> 00:24:24,453 It reveals that the conquerors make history. 449 00:24:26,366 --> 00:24:28,396 (somber music) 450 00:24:28,433 --> 00:24:32,253 Rome is the one which survived a century of wars. 451 00:24:33,250 --> 00:24:35,430 Thanks to a stronger demography, 452 00:24:35,466 --> 00:24:38,466 it showed an unfailing resilience. 453 00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,420 A tremendous ability to know how to roll with 454 00:24:41,450 --> 00:24:45,280 dreadful punches without ever giving up. 455 00:24:45,316 --> 00:24:48,066 With its armies devastated and Hannibal 456 00:24:48,100 --> 00:24:51,150 ready to give the death blow, Rome refused every kind 457 00:24:51,183 --> 00:24:53,373 of surrender and prepared their reprisal. 458 00:24:55,016 --> 00:24:56,366 (dramatic music) 459 00:24:56,400 --> 00:25:01,370 Through its long history, it seems that Rome always refused 460 00:25:03,066 --> 00:25:05,316 to negotiate without having secured victory first. 461 00:25:05,350 --> 00:25:07,150 (dramatic music) 462 00:25:07,183 --> 00:25:12,183 The secret of the Roman success may lie in these facts. 463 00:25:13,283 --> 00:25:16,153 (dramatic music) 36791

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.