All language subtitles for Butterfly.Effect.S01E04_English

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranรฎ)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,100 --> 00:00:03,270 - [Narrator] Our history is no more than a series 2 00:00:03,300 --> 00:00:05,000 of incredible events. 3 00:00:05,033 --> 00:00:08,403 Each one of us can influence its course. 4 00:00:08,433 --> 00:00:10,033 The tiniest of our decisions 5 00:00:10,066 --> 00:00:13,326 can influence the future of mankind. 6 00:00:13,366 --> 00:00:17,446 To know the past, you need to anticipate the future. 7 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:26,330 1152, the middle ages, and a young and beautiful woman 8 00:00:26,366 --> 00:00:28,316 hitherto Queen of the Francs, 9 00:00:28,350 --> 00:00:31,350 has just married the Count of Anjou. 10 00:00:32,416 --> 00:00:35,176 1199, during the siege of the castle, 11 00:00:35,216 --> 00:00:37,276 a defender shoulders his crossbow 12 00:00:37,316 --> 00:00:41,146 and with one bolt slays a legendary king. 13 00:00:41,183 --> 00:00:43,483 15 years later, in the midst of battle, 14 00:00:44,016 --> 00:00:45,326 loyal knights rushed to save their king 15 00:00:45,366 --> 00:00:49,146 thrown from his horse and surrounded by enemies. 16 00:00:49,183 --> 00:00:52,303 These three intimately connected events 17 00:00:52,333 --> 00:00:54,383 will lead to the emergence of one of the most powerful 18 00:00:54,416 --> 00:00:57,346 kingdoms the Western world has ever seen, 19 00:00:57,383 --> 00:00:59,303 the Kingdom of France. 20 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:04,170 France, England, and Germany are three countries 21 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:06,320 with clearly defined territories. 22 00:01:06,350 --> 00:01:10,120 With a strong identity, specific language and customs. 23 00:01:10,150 --> 00:01:12,250 In general, an Englishman speaks English, 24 00:01:12,283 --> 00:01:14,173 and lives in England. 25 00:01:15,450 --> 00:01:18,100 It has not always been so. 26 00:01:18,133 --> 00:01:20,273 Our story takes place in the 12th century, 27 00:01:20,300 --> 00:01:23,030 in the middle of the Middle Ages. 28 00:01:23,066 --> 00:01:27,216 This is the period of crusades, castles, and knights. 29 00:01:27,250 --> 00:01:30,080 (dynamic music) 30 00:01:32,050 --> 00:01:35,050 Europe has lived through centuries of darkness. 31 00:01:35,083 --> 00:01:36,283 At the end of the Roman Empire 32 00:01:36,316 --> 00:01:40,146 every town, village, or hamlet was isolated. 33 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:44,320 One part of the population organized defense 34 00:01:44,350 --> 00:01:46,280 for the protection of all, 35 00:01:46,316 --> 00:01:49,316 so that others could farm in safety. 36 00:01:50,233 --> 00:01:52,073 Ramparts were thrown up, 37 00:01:52,100 --> 00:01:55,050 pacts and alliances of mutual support were agreed, 38 00:01:55,083 --> 00:01:57,033 chiefs were recognized. 39 00:01:59,283 --> 00:02:02,033 A new organization was established. 40 00:02:02,066 --> 00:02:05,096 Each leader became the vassal of a suzerain 41 00:02:05,133 --> 00:02:08,283 and therefore, under his authority. 42 00:02:08,316 --> 00:02:11,176 Each suzerain was himself the vassal of a more powerful 43 00:02:11,216 --> 00:02:13,246 suzerain, all the way up to the king at the top 44 00:02:13,283 --> 00:02:14,433 of the pyramid. 45 00:02:19,066 --> 00:02:21,476 The feudal system system was born. 46 00:02:24,100 --> 00:02:28,280 - [Narrator] Welcome to the memory of humanity. 47 00:02:28,316 --> 00:02:31,216 Here, we can control time, analyze and compare 48 00:02:31,250 --> 00:02:33,420 billions of events and alter them 49 00:02:33,450 --> 00:02:36,230 to rewrite history endlessly. 50 00:02:36,266 --> 00:02:39,216 For example, let us imagine for a moment that our current 51 00:02:39,250 --> 00:02:43,030 democratic system was replaced by a feudal system. 52 00:02:43,066 --> 00:02:45,466 A country where we no longer spoke of a president, 53 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:47,180 but of suzerain. 54 00:02:48,433 --> 00:02:52,403 Power would be highly decentralized, granted to cities, 55 00:02:52,433 --> 00:02:54,483 departments, and regions. 56 00:02:57,166 --> 00:02:59,366 Each city would have its own law enforcement 57 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:01,470 and local administration services. 58 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:05,030 It could raise taxes, certain sections of the population 59 00:03:05,066 --> 00:03:07,476 would work more than others and a minority of people 60 00:03:08,016 --> 00:03:11,096 would own the majority of wealth. 61 00:03:11,133 --> 00:03:14,253 A gain of alliances, pacts, and betrayals 62 00:03:14,283 --> 00:03:17,133 would be common place at the heart of power, 63 00:03:17,166 --> 00:03:20,196 as would corruption and embezzlement. 64 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,120 There would be no national army. 65 00:03:25,150 --> 00:03:27,120 The population would not be able to choose its 66 00:03:27,150 --> 00:03:29,280 representatives, who would preciously guard power 67 00:03:29,316 --> 00:03:33,396 from one generation to another, from father to son. 68 00:03:35,133 --> 00:03:38,303 No elections, no consulting the people. 69 00:03:38,333 --> 00:03:40,403 The right to vote is what distinguishes 70 00:03:40,433 --> 00:03:42,483 democracy from feudalism. 71 00:03:47,066 --> 00:03:49,066 - [Narrator] Feudalism possess an extremely strong 72 00:03:49,100 --> 00:03:51,250 and interlinked social fabric. 73 00:03:51,283 --> 00:03:53,423 It is difficult to destroy. 74 00:03:55,050 --> 00:03:57,270 However, this also makes it highly complex 75 00:03:57,300 --> 00:03:59,250 and different to shift. 76 00:04:00,350 --> 00:04:02,270 Through the mechanism of alliances, 77 00:04:02,300 --> 00:04:05,000 a father might well be forced to fight his own son 78 00:04:05,033 --> 00:04:06,483 on the field of battle. 79 00:04:08,283 --> 00:04:11,183 The period we are focused on is dominated by three realms, 80 00:04:11,216 --> 00:04:15,316 the Kingdom of England, the Holy Roman Empire, 81 00:04:15,350 --> 00:04:17,430 and the Kingdom of France. 82 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:21,430 France is more of a mosaic of counties and duchies 83 00:04:21,466 --> 00:04:23,296 than a true country. 84 00:04:26,233 --> 00:04:28,103 Through alliances and marriages, 85 00:04:28,133 --> 00:04:31,233 kings must constantly seek to impose their authority 86 00:04:31,266 --> 00:04:33,426 over the feudal chess board. 87 00:04:36,066 --> 00:04:38,316 In this complex game there appears a queenly peace 88 00:04:38,350 --> 00:04:40,270 of irresistible power. 89 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:46,080 Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of the King of the Francs, 90 00:04:46,116 --> 00:04:48,266 she is also heir to the duchy of Aquitaine, 91 00:04:48,300 --> 00:04:50,300 one of the most powerful in the kingdom. 92 00:04:50,333 --> 00:04:52,223 However, the spouses do not see eye to eye 93 00:04:52,250 --> 00:04:55,250 and their marriage is annulled. 94 00:04:55,283 --> 00:04:57,153 A young and beautiful woman of thirty, 95 00:04:57,183 --> 00:04:59,433 incredibly rich and cultivated to boot, 96 00:04:59,466 --> 00:05:02,016 does not remain single for long. 97 00:05:02,050 --> 00:05:05,050 Six weeks later she finds a husband equal to her status, 98 00:05:05,083 --> 00:05:08,003 the heir to the thrown of England. 99 00:05:09,266 --> 00:05:12,296 Through this union, Eleanor offers England a quarter 100 00:05:12,333 --> 00:05:14,373 of the territory of France. 101 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:18,330 King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou, 102 00:05:18,366 --> 00:05:21,376 her husband also becomes Duke of Aquitaine, 103 00:05:21,416 --> 00:05:25,996 and equal to the King of France, he is also his vassal. 104 00:05:26,033 --> 00:05:28,173 Richer and more powerful, he nevertheless, 105 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,000 owes him obedience. 106 00:05:31,466 --> 00:05:33,426 The kings are in check. 107 00:05:36,066 --> 00:05:39,216 - [Narrator] Nothing is ever simple in medieval politics. 108 00:05:39,250 --> 00:05:40,430 In the 12th century, 109 00:05:40,466 --> 00:05:44,376 the notions of what is English or French are vague. 110 00:05:44,416 --> 00:05:47,196 Ever since it was invaded by William the Conqueror, 111 00:05:47,233 --> 00:05:51,033 Duke of Normandy, England has been ruled by Norman kings 112 00:05:51,066 --> 00:05:53,246 speaking old French. 113 00:05:53,283 --> 00:05:55,483 The two kingdoms have become cousins. 114 00:05:56,016 --> 00:05:59,376 The nobles of each country hold fiefs in the other. 115 00:05:59,416 --> 00:06:02,996 However, William on becoming King of England, 116 00:06:03,033 --> 00:06:06,003 did not renounce his title of Duke of Normandy 117 00:06:06,033 --> 00:06:10,023 so he remains a vassal of the King of the Francs. 118 00:06:10,050 --> 00:06:14,130 And so, the famous Richard never called himself Lion heart, 119 00:06:15,066 --> 00:06:16,446 but Coeur de Lion. 120 00:06:16,483 --> 00:06:19,423 He did not speak English, but French. 121 00:06:19,450 --> 00:06:23,050 King Richard spent a mere two months in England, 122 00:06:23,083 --> 00:06:25,033 and was also, through his titles, 123 00:06:25,066 --> 00:06:27,216 a vassal of the King of Francs. 124 00:06:27,250 --> 00:06:30,300 He was buried in France, his maternal land. 125 00:06:30,333 --> 00:06:35,303 The motto of the English monarchy, Dieu and Mon Droit, 126 00:06:35,333 --> 00:06:37,253 goes back to this period, 127 00:06:37,283 --> 00:06:40,133 as does the proliferation of words of French origin 128 00:06:40,166 --> 00:06:42,316 in the language of Shakespeare. 129 00:06:42,350 --> 00:06:45,080 English, the language of the people, 130 00:06:45,116 --> 00:06:48,316 will not be definitely adopted until the 15th century, 131 00:06:48,350 --> 00:06:50,420 on the battlefields of the middle ages 132 00:06:50,450 --> 00:06:52,280 as on that of Waterloo. 133 00:06:52,316 --> 00:06:55,166 The allies communicated between each other in French 134 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:57,030 to fight the French. 135 00:06:58,016 --> 00:07:00,126 Powers are made and unmade. 136 00:07:03,383 --> 00:07:05,003 - [Narrator] In this particular context, 137 00:07:05,033 --> 00:07:08,133 it takes a strong man to ignite the gun powder. 138 00:07:08,166 --> 00:07:11,296 In this period, there happens to be two. 139 00:07:11,333 --> 00:07:13,273 Phillip Augustus, King of the Francs, 140 00:07:13,300 --> 00:07:16,350 a skillful politician and a fine strategist. 141 00:07:16,383 --> 00:07:21,283 Richard the Lion heart, King Knight and fearless tactician. 142 00:07:21,316 --> 00:07:22,466 Phillip has a political vision 143 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,420 that Richard is rendering impossible, 144 00:07:25,450 --> 00:07:28,320 to transform a collection of disparate counties and duchies 145 00:07:28,350 --> 00:07:31,280 into a true, unified kingdom, 146 00:07:31,316 --> 00:07:33,296 bound together under one flag. 147 00:07:33,333 --> 00:07:36,083 This resolutely modern vision of the state, 148 00:07:36,116 --> 00:07:38,996 would make it the most powerful kingdom in Europe, 149 00:07:39,033 --> 00:07:41,423 and that is not what Richard wants. 150 00:07:41,450 --> 00:07:44,370 Through his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, 151 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:47,250 Richard has legitimate claims on a part of the kingdom 152 00:07:47,283 --> 00:07:49,173 that Phillip wants to create, 153 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:53,420 and he's utterly determined to defend his lands. 154 00:07:53,450 --> 00:07:56,030 1199, the Siege of Chalus. 155 00:07:58,033 --> 00:08:00,233 Richard the Lion heart, himself, commands operations. 156 00:08:00,266 --> 00:08:03,326 Fired from the keep a crossbow bolt strikes him full on. 157 00:08:03,366 --> 00:08:08,066 Richard pulls out the bolt himself, though within 10 days, 158 00:08:08,100 --> 00:08:10,150 gangrene carries him off. 159 00:08:12,050 --> 00:08:14,250 Our story has changed course. 160 00:08:16,016 --> 00:08:17,396 The balance is upset. 161 00:08:19,100 --> 00:08:20,470 The game is unlocked. 162 00:08:22,116 --> 00:08:24,026 John Lackland, Richard's brother, 163 00:08:24,066 --> 00:08:26,276 succeeds him and becomes King of England. 164 00:08:26,316 --> 00:08:29,076 He is also the son of Eleanor and can lay claim to the 165 00:08:29,116 --> 00:08:31,376 same rights over the lands of Aquitaine. 166 00:08:31,416 --> 00:08:34,416 However, he has neither the charisma nor the military skills 167 00:08:34,450 --> 00:08:36,330 of his elder brother. 168 00:08:39,250 --> 00:08:41,330 Now faced with a weakened opponent, 169 00:08:41,366 --> 00:08:45,066 Phillip can finally create the France of his ambitions. 170 00:08:45,100 --> 00:08:49,180 One by one, he conquers the lands of the King of England. 171 00:08:50,350 --> 00:08:54,120 Alone, John can do nothing to prevent him. 172 00:08:55,183 --> 00:08:58,183 To defeat Phillip, he needs Otto. 173 00:08:58,216 --> 00:09:00,476 Otto the fourth, Holy Roman Emperor does not need 174 00:09:01,016 --> 00:09:02,296 to be asked twice. 175 00:09:02,333 --> 00:09:06,083 When one succeeds, it is often at the expense of another, 176 00:09:06,116 --> 00:09:10,146 and Phillip has made as many enemies as friends. 177 00:09:10,183 --> 00:09:12,173 Two vast armies are raised. 178 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:15,000 The invasion will be a combined encircling operation. 179 00:09:15,033 --> 00:09:16,473 In the west, John will land at Lauershell 180 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:18,080 to draw Phillip away. 181 00:09:18,116 --> 00:09:19,476 In the northeast, Otto will seize the occasion 182 00:09:20,016 --> 00:09:22,296 for rapid march on Paris. 183 00:09:22,333 --> 00:09:23,333 It's a trap. 184 00:09:25,333 --> 00:09:26,433 When he learns of John's landing, 185 00:09:26,466 --> 00:09:28,376 Phillip Augustus orders the oriflamme, 186 00:09:28,416 --> 00:09:31,096 the royal standard to be raised while he speeds 187 00:09:31,133 --> 00:09:32,453 to confront John. 188 00:09:32,483 --> 00:09:37,053 However, his instinct tells him to be cautious. 189 00:09:37,083 --> 00:09:39,183 John is not the sort of man to confront him in person 190 00:09:39,216 --> 00:09:41,316 and he is now far from Paris. 191 00:09:41,350 --> 00:09:42,480 Too far. 192 00:09:43,016 --> 00:09:44,276 The north is without defense. 193 00:09:44,316 --> 00:09:48,266 He now holds the most crucial counsel of war of his reign. 194 00:09:48,300 --> 00:09:52,050 The survival of the kingdom turns on his decision. 195 00:09:52,083 --> 00:09:54,133 On the throw of a dice, he sends his son to confront 196 00:09:54,166 --> 00:09:57,276 John while he himself will go to defend the north. 197 00:09:57,316 --> 00:10:00,076 Two armies, one led by the father, the other by the son, 198 00:10:00,116 --> 00:10:02,346 hold the fate of a realm. 199 00:10:02,383 --> 00:10:05,053 Neither of the two can fail. 200 00:10:06,133 --> 00:10:07,073 The first act is played out at the 201 00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:08,430 Fortress of the Roche Homeone. 202 00:10:08,466 --> 00:10:12,096 John besieges the fort but resistance is so high 203 00:10:12,133 --> 00:10:15,123 that the relieving army has time to arrive. 204 00:10:15,150 --> 00:10:18,000 Seized with panic, and without even engaging in battle, 205 00:10:18,033 --> 00:10:19,003 John flees. 206 00:10:21,350 --> 00:10:24,050 The King of England will have a hard time explaining 207 00:10:24,083 --> 00:10:28,423 this lack of courage to his barons, which leaves Otto. 208 00:10:28,450 --> 00:10:30,320 Otto and his knights. 209 00:10:32,350 --> 00:10:34,370 - [Narrator] You are not born a knight. 210 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,030 You become one. 211 00:10:41,016 --> 00:10:43,176 Equipped with armor and a charger, 212 00:10:43,216 --> 00:10:45,996 a knight is first and foremost, a warrior, 213 00:10:46,033 --> 00:10:50,023 but a warrior who has adopted a code of conduct. 214 00:10:50,050 --> 00:10:52,100 Once recognized by another knight 215 00:10:52,133 --> 00:10:54,003 during the dubbing ceremony, 216 00:10:54,033 --> 00:10:56,323 he earns the right to wear his coat of arm, 217 00:10:56,350 --> 00:10:59,380 the sign of identification, and to fight with a sword, 218 00:10:59,416 --> 00:11:02,126 the most noble of weapons. 219 00:11:02,166 --> 00:11:04,246 Unlike a soldier, who receives a pay, 220 00:11:04,283 --> 00:11:07,273 or a mercenary, who sells his service to the highest bidder, 221 00:11:07,300 --> 00:11:11,030 the knight pledges allegiance to a suzerain 222 00:11:11,066 --> 00:11:13,076 and swears to defend his cause and his honor. 223 00:11:13,116 --> 00:11:17,196 These elite warriors are the spearhead of medieval armies. 224 00:11:23,250 --> 00:11:25,170 In battle, men sometimes forge values 225 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:27,230 that bind them together. 226 00:11:27,266 --> 00:11:30,996 From the samurai, who observed the code of bushido, 227 00:11:31,033 --> 00:11:33,183 to the semper fidelis of the American Marine, 228 00:11:33,216 --> 00:11:36,346 by way of the grenadier of the Napoleonic Old Guard, 229 00:11:36,383 --> 00:11:39,153 the commitment goes beyond the field of battle 230 00:11:39,183 --> 00:11:42,483 and determines the lives of these warriors. 231 00:11:44,100 --> 00:11:47,220 Sometimes criticised and often labeled obsolete, 232 00:11:47,250 --> 00:11:49,370 this spirit has slowly been abandoned 233 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:51,220 in favor of a colder, 234 00:11:51,250 --> 00:11:54,050 more pragmatic approach to war. 235 00:12:05,133 --> 00:12:08,053 - [Narrator] On July 27, 1214, the two armies 236 00:12:08,083 --> 00:12:11,173 are no more than a few miles from each other. 237 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:13,120 The coaliltion army includes a large number 238 00:12:13,150 --> 00:12:16,180 of German pike men in heavy armor. 239 00:12:16,216 --> 00:12:18,266 Otto the fourth can also count on a heavy cavalry 240 00:12:18,300 --> 00:12:20,350 made up of English and Flemish nobles, 241 00:12:20,383 --> 00:12:23,183 and also a few French traitors. 242 00:12:23,216 --> 00:12:25,346 Redoubtable English archers and toughened mercenaries 243 00:12:25,383 --> 00:12:27,423 complete the numbers. 244 00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:29,300 The army of the Francs consist, for a large part, 245 00:12:29,333 --> 00:12:32,373 of elite calvary, Arctic knights from all four corners 246 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:35,380 of the realm, well-equipped veterans of the crusades 247 00:12:35,416 --> 00:12:37,226 and loyal to their king. 248 00:12:37,266 --> 00:12:39,396 Numerically inferior, Phillip has turned to the free 249 00:12:39,433 --> 00:12:42,053 communes of the kingdom, who have dispatched considerable 250 00:12:42,083 --> 00:12:44,333 numbers of their own militias. 251 00:12:48,183 --> 00:12:51,053 (steps plodding) 252 00:12:52,416 --> 00:12:54,346 After several days of maneuvering, Otto has engaged 253 00:12:54,383 --> 00:12:57,323 in the pursuit of the army of the Francs. 254 00:12:57,350 --> 00:12:59,100 Confident in his strategy, 255 00:12:59,133 --> 00:13:03,003 his objective is to catch up with it and destroy it. 256 00:13:03,033 --> 00:13:06,303 Suddenly, Phillip's army turns about. 257 00:13:06,333 --> 00:13:08,373 While they imagined they would annihilate abandoned flight, 258 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:10,380 the Germans find themselves faced with an army 259 00:13:10,416 --> 00:13:13,076 of knights in battle order. 260 00:13:13,116 --> 00:13:16,116 In the center is Phillip Augustus, the absolute enemy. 261 00:13:16,150 --> 00:13:19,070 This is the day, this is the hour. 262 00:13:20,133 --> 00:13:21,423 It is noon. 263 00:13:21,450 --> 00:13:23,150 The heat of oppressive. 264 00:13:23,183 --> 00:13:25,203 Somebody cries, "Death to the French!" 265 00:13:25,233 --> 00:13:27,183 and the battle commences. 266 00:13:27,216 --> 00:13:29,046 In the center, the German juggernaut, 267 00:13:29,083 --> 00:13:31,283 the terrible heavy pikeman, advance directly on the 268 00:13:31,316 --> 00:13:32,476 King of the Francs. 269 00:13:33,016 --> 00:13:34,476 The mission is to demolish the French ranks 270 00:13:35,016 --> 00:13:37,326 and kill the king as quickly as possible. 271 00:13:37,366 --> 00:13:40,096 The Francs struggle to contain the German monster. 272 00:13:40,133 --> 00:13:44,103 The town militias cannot withstand the assault. 273 00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:47,170 On the German's left flank the Flemish nobles are 274 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:49,300 engaged in ferocious hand to hand combat, 275 00:13:49,333 --> 00:13:52,053 when suddenly above the clash of arms, 276 00:13:52,083 --> 00:13:55,003 the terrifying sounds of war trumpets rings out. 277 00:13:55,033 --> 00:13:56,433 The spearhead of the French cavalry charges 278 00:13:56,466 --> 00:13:58,376 fiercely into the heart of the enemy troops. 279 00:13:58,416 --> 00:14:00,216 There's a mighty shock. 280 00:14:00,250 --> 00:14:02,150 The heavy cavalry sweeps all before it. 281 00:14:02,183 --> 00:14:04,223 Disorganized, the Flemish can do nothing against 282 00:14:04,250 --> 00:14:06,170 the Frankish knights who break through the ranks 283 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:09,420 in several places, turn around, and attack from the rear. 284 00:14:09,450 --> 00:14:14,030 The whole of the German left flank soon collapses. 285 00:14:16,300 --> 00:14:19,030 To the west, the very opposite is about to happen. 286 00:14:19,066 --> 00:14:21,116 The Francs are within an inch of collapse, 287 00:14:21,150 --> 00:14:24,400 but then, the Bishop of Beauvais hurls his whole weight 288 00:14:24,433 --> 00:14:28,053 into the fray, hacks a path through to the English chief, 289 00:14:28,083 --> 00:14:29,253 and with a spectacular blow of his mace, 290 00:14:29,283 --> 00:14:31,123 shatters his helmet. 291 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:35,330 Seized with panic, the English take flight. 292 00:14:39,216 --> 00:14:41,366 With their wings secure, the situation appears to swing 293 00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:43,250 in favor for the Francs, 294 00:14:43,283 --> 00:14:45,483 but in the center, the German foot soldiers are nearly 295 00:14:46,016 --> 00:14:48,226 within striking distance of King Phillip. 296 00:14:48,266 --> 00:14:52,296 These 3,000 redoubtable elite soldiers have one singe order. 297 00:14:52,333 --> 00:14:55,173 Kill the King whatever the cost. 298 00:14:57,100 --> 00:14:59,230 (clanking) 299 00:15:03,183 --> 00:15:06,083 Exhausted, decimated, the militias finally give way. 300 00:15:06,116 --> 00:15:09,096 The Germans drive deep into the French ranks. 301 00:15:09,133 --> 00:15:11,053 The King's guard charges to slow the advance, 302 00:15:11,083 --> 00:15:12,483 the situation is grave. 303 00:15:13,016 --> 00:15:14,216 Phillip, at the heart of the battle, 304 00:15:14,250 --> 00:15:16,250 is rapidly surrounded by enemies and is under attack 305 00:15:16,283 --> 00:15:18,003 from all sides. 306 00:15:18,033 --> 00:15:20,153 His guard, far forward, is unaware of the danger. 307 00:15:20,183 --> 00:15:22,223 Suddenly, a spear hurdles through the air 308 00:15:22,250 --> 00:15:24,330 and strikes Phillip full on. 309 00:15:24,366 --> 00:15:26,316 The King's armor deflects the blow and saves his life, 310 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:28,450 but he's unable to pull out the spear. 311 00:15:28,483 --> 00:15:32,003 The German soldiers heave with all their might. 312 00:15:32,033 --> 00:15:35,033 Off balance, isolated, the king of the Francs is thrown 313 00:15:35,066 --> 00:15:36,146 to the ground. 314 00:15:37,133 --> 00:15:38,273 The Germans rush forward. 315 00:15:38,300 --> 00:15:40,220 Their daggers at the ready. 316 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:42,480 They must kill the King. 317 00:15:43,016 --> 00:15:45,196 Dazed, Phillip tries to get to his feet to defend himself. 318 00:15:45,233 --> 00:15:48,123 His knights form a bulk work with their bodies 319 00:15:48,150 --> 00:15:50,150 and wage a desperate battle. 320 00:15:50,183 --> 00:15:52,323 The Germans are everywhere and they outnumber them. 321 00:15:52,350 --> 00:15:55,150 Desperately, they wave the oriflamme to call for help. 322 00:15:55,183 --> 00:15:57,183 The King is about to die. 323 00:15:57,216 --> 00:15:59,116 The Royal Guard is hacking a path through to him, 324 00:15:59,150 --> 00:16:01,030 but is still far away. 325 00:16:01,066 --> 00:16:03,126 Laying down their lives, the last of the Frankish knights 326 00:16:03,166 --> 00:16:05,026 are true to their oaths, 327 00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:07,446 but the Germans are too numerous. 328 00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:11,300 (thuds) 329 00:16:18,333 --> 00:16:21,433 Maces smash through shields, swords pierce armor. 330 00:16:21,466 --> 00:16:24,416 Arriving just in time, the Royal Guard, in fury, 331 00:16:24,450 --> 00:16:27,000 slaughters the Germans and places the King 332 00:16:27,033 --> 00:16:28,323 back in his saddle. 333 00:16:29,283 --> 00:16:32,203 Phillip Augustus is saved. 334 00:16:32,233 --> 00:16:35,383 He should take shelter, flee far from the battle, now. 335 00:16:35,416 --> 00:16:37,366 But a King is a knight. 336 00:16:39,283 --> 00:16:43,383 His honor commands him to remain and face the foe. 337 00:16:45,383 --> 00:16:47,073 The army reforms. 338 00:16:47,100 --> 00:16:50,020 Swords unsheathed, shields raised. 339 00:16:51,183 --> 00:16:53,203 The Frankish knights, thirsty for revenge, 340 00:16:53,233 --> 00:16:55,233 charge the Emperor Otto. 341 00:16:57,233 --> 00:17:01,133 Opposite them, they can only prepare and wait. 342 00:17:02,433 --> 00:17:04,383 The German ranks fly apart. 343 00:17:04,416 --> 00:17:07,096 The knights charge upon Otto. 344 00:17:07,133 --> 00:17:08,423 Surrounded by a pack of furious hounds, 345 00:17:08,450 --> 00:17:11,180 he is now the one in danger. 346 00:17:11,216 --> 00:17:13,326 To save his life, he flees. 347 00:17:15,016 --> 00:17:17,046 The enraged Francs pursue him. 348 00:17:17,083 --> 00:17:20,003 Now it's the turn of the German knights to intervene. 349 00:17:20,033 --> 00:17:23,433 They narrowly manage to throw the Francs to the ground. 350 00:17:23,466 --> 00:17:26,346 Contrary to Phillip Augustus, Otto desserts the battle field 351 00:17:26,383 --> 00:17:29,233 in order to save his own life. 352 00:17:29,266 --> 00:17:33,296 1199, Richard dies at the Siege of Chalus, 353 00:17:33,333 --> 00:17:35,203 whereas Phillip Augustus survives 354 00:17:35,233 --> 00:17:38,033 the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. 355 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,450 - [Narrator] We have just reached a turning point. 356 00:17:46,483 --> 00:17:51,103 A turning point is a key event, a cross roads in our history 357 00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:55,370 where the world swings one way or the other. 358 00:17:58,066 --> 00:18:01,426 Phillip Augustus has just come within inches of death. 359 00:18:01,466 --> 00:18:04,346 If Otto soldiers had succeeded in killing the King, 360 00:18:04,383 --> 00:18:07,303 their emperor would not only have won a battle, 361 00:18:07,333 --> 00:18:10,123 he would also have broken a kingdom. 362 00:18:10,150 --> 00:18:13,120 If King Phillip had died at Bouvines, France, 363 00:18:13,150 --> 00:18:16,170 carved up into tiny duchies, would probably have been 364 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,280 absorbed by a French speaking England. 365 00:18:23,150 --> 00:18:26,030 For France, this was a unique opportunity 366 00:18:26,066 --> 00:18:28,116 to become a true kingdom. 367 00:18:28,150 --> 00:18:30,250 The right leader, the right moment, 368 00:18:30,283 --> 00:18:32,373 surrounded by good people. 369 00:18:33,300 --> 00:18:35,420 A very brief window opened. 370 00:18:36,483 --> 00:18:38,453 Phillip Augustus was able to see it, 371 00:18:38,483 --> 00:18:40,483 seize it, and defend it. 372 00:18:43,083 --> 00:18:46,053 With the King killed at Bouvines, the duchies and counties 373 00:18:46,083 --> 00:18:47,473 would have remained independent. 374 00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:50,420 France would never have come into existence. 375 00:18:50,450 --> 00:18:55,020 On a battle field, the chief is the one who coordinates 376 00:18:55,050 --> 00:18:56,400 the efforts of all. 377 00:18:56,433 --> 00:18:59,433 He is the focal point, the keystone. 378 00:19:01,150 --> 00:19:04,200 A King, head of the army, but also of the country, 379 00:19:04,233 --> 00:19:07,133 cannot die or flee the fight without leaving his men 380 00:19:07,166 --> 00:19:10,296 to their own resources and demoralized. 381 00:19:12,116 --> 00:19:15,476 But during this period, a King is also a knight. 382 00:19:16,016 --> 00:19:18,166 If he wants to be chief, he must fight 383 00:19:18,200 --> 00:19:20,430 and be the first to do so. 384 00:19:20,466 --> 00:19:23,416 When he decides to go to war, he knows he may die, 385 00:19:23,450 --> 00:19:25,170 as may his sons. 386 00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:27,150 That is the difference. 387 00:19:31,116 --> 00:19:34,296 Let's now fast forward to the Napoleonic Wars. 388 00:19:34,333 --> 00:19:38,003 The Empire's marshals still fight at the head of their men. 389 00:19:38,033 --> 00:19:40,233 Like Lam killed by a cannonball, 390 00:19:40,266 --> 00:19:43,216 or Udanal with his 34 wounds, 391 00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:46,200 however Napoleon stays in the rear. 392 00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:51,100 Forward even further to Verdun in 1916, 393 00:19:51,133 --> 00:19:55,133 700,000 dead, 80% from artillery shelling, 394 00:19:55,166 --> 00:19:58,996 the generals are no longer at the front. 395 00:19:59,033 --> 00:20:01,453 The second world war, Stalingrad. 396 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:05,430 Stalin gives the order, not one step back, 397 00:20:05,466 --> 00:20:07,416 one million dead. 398 00:20:07,450 --> 00:20:10,070 The Soviet leader, himself, is hundreds of miles 399 00:20:10,100 --> 00:20:11,470 from the city. 400 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,170 Truman is even further away when he gives the order 401 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:18,000 to drop two atomic bombs on civilians. 402 00:20:18,033 --> 00:20:21,053 In our own times, an American, comfortably seated in Texas, 403 00:20:21,083 --> 00:20:23,233 uses a joystick and a real time video link 404 00:20:23,266 --> 00:20:26,016 to pilot a predator drone to strike down a target 405 00:20:26,050 --> 00:20:27,470 anywhere in the world. 406 00:20:29,216 --> 00:20:31,026 - [Narrator] A chief who flees a battlefield 407 00:20:31,066 --> 00:20:32,446 is never a good sign. 408 00:20:34,166 --> 00:20:36,366 Demoralized, the German troops abandon the fight, 409 00:20:36,400 --> 00:20:38,350 one after another. 410 00:20:38,383 --> 00:20:41,223 Phillips Augustus's victory is total. 411 00:20:41,250 --> 00:20:44,300 The two allied armies are defeated. 412 00:20:44,333 --> 00:20:47,123 In the heart of the battle, the King proved his valor. 413 00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:51,120 At the pinnacle of his glory, and freed of his enemies, 414 00:20:51,150 --> 00:20:54,320 he has the means to impose his vision on his vassals. 415 00:20:54,350 --> 00:20:57,050 France will become progressively more important 416 00:20:57,083 --> 00:20:59,373 to the hearts of it's people than their own duchies 417 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:00,450 and counties. 418 00:21:02,233 --> 00:21:04,373 In the fields of Bouvines, the King of the Francs 419 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:06,430 becomes a King of France. 420 00:21:08,050 --> 00:21:10,000 Other kingdoms will take the same road. 421 00:21:10,033 --> 00:21:12,173 The power of the barons will gradually decline 422 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:14,130 in favor of the central power. 423 00:21:14,166 --> 00:21:17,046 (dramatic music) 424 00:21:28,466 --> 00:21:31,116 However, a terrible evil lurks in the shadows of this 425 00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:32,350 dazzling victory. 426 00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:34,420 A time bomb. 427 00:21:34,450 --> 00:21:37,020 In becoming of England, Eleanor of Aquitaine 428 00:21:37,050 --> 00:21:39,180 granted her son John and all his descendants 429 00:21:39,216 --> 00:21:43,396 legitimate claims to the lands conquered by Phillip. 430 00:21:43,433 --> 00:21:45,483 Ironically, now through another France, 431 00:21:46,016 --> 00:21:48,076 the English will rally around a unifying principle. 432 00:21:48,116 --> 00:21:49,996 They are English and gradually 433 00:21:50,033 --> 00:21:53,203 they will turn to speaking English. 434 00:21:53,233 --> 00:21:56,003 The rivalry between the two countries will not end there, 435 00:21:56,033 --> 00:21:59,083 which all leads to the terrible Hundred Years War, 436 00:21:59,116 --> 00:22:01,176 but that is another story. 437 00:22:03,316 --> 00:22:05,316 - [Narrator] Who are we? 438 00:22:10,266 --> 00:22:13,326 Are you English because you speak English? 439 00:22:13,366 --> 00:22:18,126 Richard the Lion heart, King of England, spoke French. 440 00:22:18,166 --> 00:22:21,416 Are you German because you were born in Germany? 441 00:22:21,450 --> 00:22:26,070 Hitler, the German chancellor, was born in Austria. 442 00:22:26,100 --> 00:22:27,300 What is a nation? 443 00:22:29,016 --> 00:22:32,246 Until the Middle Ages, the concept has no meaning. 444 00:22:32,283 --> 00:22:35,003 England, for instance, does not exist. 445 00:22:35,033 --> 00:22:38,183 It is simply a territory in which the English people live. 446 00:22:38,216 --> 00:22:40,176 They talk of the kingdom of the English 447 00:22:40,216 --> 00:22:43,166 and not of the Kingdom of England. 448 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,450 What is a French person? 449 00:22:45,483 --> 00:22:48,183 In the beginning, a Celt. 450 00:22:48,216 --> 00:22:50,316 Romanized, he becomes a Gallo Roman, 451 00:22:50,350 --> 00:22:52,420 and starts speaking Latin. 452 00:22:52,450 --> 00:22:56,070 Then come the Francs, but also the Burgundians, 453 00:22:56,100 --> 00:22:57,470 the Visigoths, and other Germanic peoples 454 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,100 who settle on the territory of present day France, 455 00:23:01,133 --> 00:23:04,073 bringing their blood and their culture. 456 00:23:04,100 --> 00:23:07,400 France and a new language are born out of this mix. 457 00:23:07,433 --> 00:23:12,023 The French person today is the foreigner of yesterday. 458 00:23:18,066 --> 00:23:21,026 The idea of France as a nation was born in a stew 459 00:23:21,066 --> 00:23:23,426 of different cultures and languages, 460 00:23:23,466 --> 00:23:26,476 on a soil claimed by other kings. 461 00:23:27,016 --> 00:23:29,266 The idea germinated slowly and crept into the hearts 462 00:23:29,300 --> 00:23:33,220 of those who would defend it till death in 1914 463 00:23:33,250 --> 00:23:36,200 with the cry, "For my Country". 464 00:23:36,233 --> 00:23:39,403 Never before Bouvines would a Burgundian ever have 465 00:23:39,433 --> 00:23:43,283 imagined being anything other than a Burgundian. 466 00:23:43,316 --> 00:23:45,246 So what of Europe? 467 00:23:45,283 --> 00:23:48,073 In the beginning, just an idea. 468 00:23:49,266 --> 00:23:51,446 Nothing more than an idea born of the vision 469 00:23:51,483 --> 00:23:53,323 of a handful of men, 470 00:23:55,016 --> 00:23:58,016 but it is ideas that lead the world. 471 00:23:59,083 --> 00:24:01,473 (dramatic music) 37526

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.