Original subtitles

So now let me just very quickly show you

how we can add dimensions to elements in CSS

using the height and the width property.

And let's once again, start with our side element down here

which at some point later will be our sidebar.

And so it shouldn't be as wide

and instead we only wanted to be 500 pixels wide.

So we can simply come here to our element

and specify the width as 500 pixels.

And just like that,

now our side element is only 500 pixels wide.

So a lot more narrow than the rest of the page.

Okay.

So very easy, very straightforward.

That is the width property.

Let's try another one.

So actually let's try height now.

And I'm doing that here in the main header.

So here, let's set the height

to let's say 80 pixels.

All right.

And now you saw how it increased here, right?

Now let's actually inspect this header here.

So not the link, but the entire header element, right?

And if we check out the box model down here,

so this is all a bit small

but nevermind.

So you can see that here we actually have the 80 pixels

that we just specified, right?

And then top of that,

we have the 20 pixels to the top and to the bottom.

And so the complete final size of the element

is actually not the 80 pixels that we specified here,

but it is 80 plus 20 plus 20, which is 120 pixels.

So that is exactly that default behavior of the box model

that I mentioned before

and that in my opinion, doesn't make any sense at all.

But again, we will fix that a little bit later.

For now it is important

to learn how the box model actually works originally.

And so again the real height of this element

is not the 80 that we specified here,

but we would then have to add the padding

to the top and bottom.

Okay.

Now, one thing that you also might have noticed here is

that the content, so the text here,

doesn't just magically get vertically centered inside

of this header element.

So it actually was vertically centered before,

but that was simply because we had applied the same padding

to both of the sides.

But now not anymore.

I mean, we still do have the same padding on both sides,

but now we have this other height here.

And so now the space that's at the bottom

is no longer the space that's at the top.

And actually, it's not really straightforward

to center this vertically,

but of course we will learn how a little bit later.

Okay.

So let's close it.

And now let's actually finally talk about this image.

So up until this point, it has been sitting here untouched,

but now let's select it and let's actually size it.

And for that,

let's give it a class so that we can then select it.

So...

It is this one here.

So class of 'posts-image' let's say.

Copy it and then...

Well, let's say...

somewhere here at the very bottom actually.

So this here was just a demo, so I'm putting it here.

And now let's specify the width here.

So it is actually very common

to size images in CSS and not in HTML like we did.

Actually many times, we never even specify the width

of images in HTML but only in CSS.

Now here for the first time,

I will not use length in pixels.

I mean, I could.

For now, let's say 800 pixels.

And so...

Well, that looks like it actually was the wrong image

that we selected here.

So the class should be of course on this one.

And so now that looks correct.

And so that's 800 that we specified there

did now override this 500.

However, this 200 here is still in place.

And that's why the aspect ratio is now

like completely broken, right?

So this doesn't look correct anymore.

It's way stretched to the width.

And so in order to fix that,

in case we do have to height specified in HTML,

what we need to do is to then set the height to 'auto'.

And so that will then fix it

and we'll put the aspect ratio back to the original.

Okay.

But again, specifying the height

and setting it to auto is only necessary

if that height is already specified before in HTML.

In case we don't do that,

so in case we don't specify any image dimensions in HTML,

then if we set the height or the width using CSS,

the other one will automatically adapt in order

to account for the original aspect ratio of the image.

So for example if we set this to 300,

then it would become really small, right?

But now, as I said,

let's actually move away from pixels for the first time

and use percentages.

So I can say the width like this,

so '100%'.

And usually for a width measurement like this,

the percentage is usually the percentage

of the width of the parent container.

So the parent of the post image is the header

and this header is basically the entire width of the page.

Right?

And so if I say with of 100%,

then this image should now be the width of the entire page.

And indeed that is exactly what we get.

And so what's special about this is that now

as we change the size of the window,

then the size of the image will always stay at 100%.

Okay.

Because that is always the size of the parent container.

Of course we could set it to something else,

like half of the size of the parent container.

And what would still happen is that

as we changed the size of the parent container,

then the size of the image would also adapt.

Okay.

And this is something that will become very, very important

once we start talking about building responsive websites,

so websites that adapt to the screen width.

Okay.

But let's put it back to 100%,

which is what we originally wanted.

And with that, I think we are actually done

with setting some heights and some width, at least for now.