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[ Thunder rumbling ]
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Morris: The Zapotec Indians
believed that fungi would emerge
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as a response to lightning
striking the Earth.
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00:00:22,156 --> 00:00:26,194
Now we understand that mushrooms
exist to release spores
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00:00:26,227 --> 00:00:31,632
into the environment,
but why some produce psilocybin
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00:00:31,665 --> 00:00:34,202
has yet to be explained.
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[ Thunder rumbling ]
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I've been fascinated
by psychoactive drugs
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my whole life.
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00:00:40,441 --> 00:00:45,213
I love to study their chemistry
and impact on society.
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00:00:45,246 --> 00:00:47,615
And my work has allowed me
to investigate
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00:00:47,648 --> 00:00:50,584
extraordinary substances
around the world.
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00:00:50,618 --> 00:00:54,388
Yet there are still mysteries
that remain.
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00:00:56,690 --> 00:01:00,361
They grew in hiding
for hundreds of years.
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Now their fruits
are ready to be seen.
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This is the story of
psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
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**
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I'd been hoping to interview
a clandestine mushroom grower
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for months but expected them
to be a secretive
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00:01:43,904 --> 00:01:46,440
and untrusting bunch.
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I knew I'd have to use advanced
investigatory tactics
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to infiltrate
their inner circle.
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00:01:59,387 --> 00:02:02,390
So it was on Instagram that I
found a mushroom syndicate
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00:02:02,423 --> 00:02:04,458
named Myco Mob
who I knew possessed
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00:02:04,492 --> 00:02:06,860
the skills and experience
to tell me about
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00:02:06,894 --> 00:02:09,730
the inner workings of the
underground mushroom trade.
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00:02:09,763 --> 00:02:12,800
A few P.M.s and emojis later,
I was on my way
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00:02:12,833 --> 00:02:16,470
to meet them eye to eye.
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Driving to this undisclosed
location
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that I will not name on camera
because it houses
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one of the largest clandestine
mushroom grow rooms
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00:02:29,350 --> 00:02:31,285
in North America.
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This grow room is capable
of producing tens of pounds
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of mushrooms every week.
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Oh, wow.
Very nice.
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Do you want to tell me
about all these tubs
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or what's going on right now?
What am I looking at?
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Well, these
are all mono tubs.
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Just the one strain,
Golden Teacher,
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00:03:00,248 --> 00:03:01,349
going on right now.
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00:03:01,382 --> 00:03:02,616
Why Golden Teacher?
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00:03:02,650 --> 00:03:03,717
It's a good strain
that people
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will enjoy
and stuff like that.
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00:03:04,985 --> 00:03:07,355
And you rarely
have bad trips on them.
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00:03:07,388 --> 00:03:09,257
What is the demand?
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00:03:09,290 --> 00:03:10,424
Very high.
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How high?
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Well, we can sell them
as fast as we grow them.
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00:03:14,995 --> 00:03:17,465
Since the beginning
of clandestine mushroom
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00:03:17,498 --> 00:03:19,833
cultivation,
virtually all growers
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00:03:19,867 --> 00:03:24,905
have favored the same species --
psilocybe cubensis.
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00:03:24,938 --> 00:03:27,708
It's not the largest
or the most potent,
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00:03:27,741 --> 00:03:30,378
but it's highly adaptable
to the needs of humans
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00:03:30,411 --> 00:03:33,281
who control its
artificial propagation.
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00:03:33,314 --> 00:03:35,749
After decades
of genetic manipulation,
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these strains won't survive in
nature without the human hand,
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and humans
couldn't have bred them
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00:03:41,922 --> 00:03:45,426
without the guiding hand
of nature.
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How does one learn
to do this?
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00:03:49,763 --> 00:03:52,633
Doing lots of research,
lots of trial and error.
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00:03:52,666 --> 00:03:54,468
It seems
very friendly to me.
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00:03:54,502 --> 00:03:57,271
But I guess this is also
a somewhat sketchy thing.
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00:03:57,305 --> 00:03:58,739
It's definitely
still illegal.
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That's why
we're wearing masks.
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00:04:01,775 --> 00:04:03,911
Like a room where
a surgical procedure
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00:04:03,944 --> 00:04:08,716
is performed, a mushroom
grow chamber must be almost
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00:04:08,749 --> 00:04:11,051
completely sterile,
as sterile as possible,
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00:04:11,084 --> 00:04:14,722
because any contamination
that enters these bins
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00:04:14,755 --> 00:04:17,691
could destroy the entire crop,
and this crop represents
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00:04:17,725 --> 00:04:20,361
months of work,
years of research,
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and thousands
of dollars.
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Oh, wow.
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00:04:25,098 --> 00:04:26,967
Some pretty
decent-sized pins.
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00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:30,471
It'll be full-sized mushrooms
within a day, maybe two days.
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00:04:31,939 --> 00:04:34,742
Just the fact that you have
to disguise your identity
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says a lot about
this sort of work.
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00:04:36,777 --> 00:04:39,680
What do you think about the laws
surrounding mushrooms.
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00:04:39,713 --> 00:04:42,716
Well, I think they're created
by people who had no idea
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00:04:42,750 --> 00:04:44,084
about anything
about mushrooms.
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00:04:44,117 --> 00:04:45,853
Most people who do
make those laws --
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They've never
tried these things.
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They're probably the worst
person to ask,
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00:04:49,523 --> 00:04:51,024
the least informed.
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00:04:51,058 --> 00:04:53,327
Can you tell me a little bit
about how this sort of work
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00:04:53,361 --> 00:04:58,499
differs from other realms
in the drug-dealing world?
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00:04:58,532 --> 00:05:01,402
Well, I'd say it's a lot safer.
That's for sure.
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00:05:01,435 --> 00:05:02,936
Being a meth dealer
and a heroin dealer,
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00:05:02,970 --> 00:05:06,374
you'd definitely be
[chuckles] susceptible to a lot
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00:05:06,407 --> 00:05:07,775
of the dangers
of the street, right?
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00:05:07,808 --> 00:05:10,344
Like, mushrooms
are a pretty calm market.
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00:05:10,378 --> 00:05:13,581
People don't really have, like,
battles or wars or...
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00:05:13,614 --> 00:05:15,416
It's not really
as contested over
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00:05:15,449 --> 00:05:18,486
as a lot of other
drug markets.
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00:05:18,519 --> 00:05:21,589
It's more peaceful.
Oh, for sure, yeah.
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00:05:29,597 --> 00:05:30,964
Have you heard anything
about the way people
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00:05:30,998 --> 00:05:33,367
use these mushrooms
in Mexico?
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00:05:33,401 --> 00:05:35,469
Ritualistic
ceremonies?
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00:05:35,503 --> 00:05:36,770
What do you know
about them?
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00:05:36,804 --> 00:05:38,772
I don't know
much at all.
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Have you heard
about Maria Sabina?
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No.
No. What is that?
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She was an important mushroom
shamanist who was considered
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00:05:46,614 --> 00:05:48,916
responsible for introducing
mushrooms to the world
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outside Mexico.
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Morris: With the international
abundance of
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psilocybin-containing fungi,
it's hard to imagine
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00:05:55,756 --> 00:05:58,692
that a mere 60 years ago,
their existence was only known
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00:05:58,726 --> 00:06:01,495
to a small number
of indigenous healers.
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00:06:01,529 --> 00:06:04,732
But that was changed by the work
of a Mazatec shaman
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Maria Sabina.
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Hola.
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Ah, sí.
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Gracias.
Uh-huh.
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Morris: Oaxaca is one of the
poorest states in Mexico,
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and these indigenous regions
are especially poor.
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They are high in the mountains,
and it's certainly
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not convenient
in terms of accessing
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the rest of the world.
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00:07:39,927 --> 00:07:43,230
So it's an unlikely place
to be as developed as it is.
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They have Internet here.
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There's hot water
and electricity.
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And most of that is thanks
to Maria Sabina.
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Maria Sabina was a locally
renowned shaman
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who used mushrooms
ceremonially
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for spiritual
and diagnostic purposes.
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But she became world-famous when
she introduced her mushrooms
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00:08:01,214 --> 00:08:04,117
to a banker named Gordon Wasson,
who wrote a widely-read article
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00:08:04,151 --> 00:08:06,854
about the mushrooms in 1957.
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00:08:06,887 --> 00:08:09,122
This led to the Western world's
first exposure
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00:08:09,156 --> 00:08:11,559
to the concept
of magic mushrooms.
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00:08:11,592 --> 00:08:15,195
Countercultural celebrities like
John Lennon, Bob Dylan,
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Janis Joplin,
and to a lesser extent, Pelé
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00:08:18,599 --> 00:08:20,834
are reported to have made
pilgrimages to Huautla
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00:08:20,868 --> 00:08:22,703
to experience one
of Maria Sabina's
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00:08:22,736 --> 00:08:25,639
famous mushroom ceremonies.
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As a result, Huautla de Jiménez
became the most populous
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and prosperous town
in the Sierra Mazateca.
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At the home of Maria Sabina,
I met with her grandson
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Filogonio Garcia,
who studied under her as a child
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and became
a mushroom shaman himself.
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But now I understand
that no one in Huautla
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is collecting
their own mushrooms.
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How does that work?
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00:10:27,728 --> 00:10:30,063
I left Filogonio
with the hopes of observing
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a mushroom ceremony,
but at the height
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00:10:32,232 --> 00:10:36,169
of the dry season, the crucial
ingredient was missing.
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00:10:36,203 --> 00:10:39,707
Huautla is an unusual city.
It's famous for mushrooms.
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People come here to undergo
traditional mushroom ceremonies.
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00:10:44,411 --> 00:10:46,146
They come here
to buy mushrooms.
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00:10:46,179 --> 00:10:48,782
But it's not a place people
go to hunt for mushrooms.
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00:10:48,816 --> 00:10:51,719
The spots where the mushrooms
grow are very secret.
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They're places
that the shamans
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don't necessarily
even know about themselves.
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There's a small number of people
in this community
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that go out into the mountains
and they collect mushrooms
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00:11:01,261 --> 00:11:03,196
and they don't tell anyone
where they find them
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because that's their source
of income.
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There are three species
of mushroom
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recognized
by the Mazatec shaman.
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San Isidro,
or psilocybe cubensis,
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00:11:14,107 --> 00:11:17,444
pajaritos,
or psilocybe Mexicana,
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and the derrumbe,
which can be either
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psilocybe caerulescens
or psilocybe zapotecorum.
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But finding them in the wild
has proven to be difficult.
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I met with a local
mushroom enthusiast
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00:11:30,758 --> 00:11:33,894
outside my hotel who told me
he didn't know where they grew
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00:11:33,927 --> 00:11:36,463
but suggested I talk
to an artist who uses mushrooms
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00:11:36,496 --> 00:11:38,899
to inspire his paintings.
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00:11:45,906 --> 00:11:48,041
The artist showed me his work
but also didn't know
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00:11:48,075 --> 00:11:51,044
where they grew and told me
to talk to his friend Jose,
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00:11:51,078 --> 00:11:54,281
who composes
mushroom-inspired music.
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00:11:54,314 --> 00:11:56,283
Jose played me a few
of his songs...
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[ Chanting in Spanish ]
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...but said he hadn't seen fresh
mushrooms for months
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00:12:02,923 --> 00:12:05,392
and mentioned a friend
named Charlie who had.
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Great.
Okay, thanks.
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00:12:07,895 --> 00:12:10,363
Charlie had been indulging
in cane spirits...
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00:12:14,134 --> 00:12:15,969
...but assured me I wouldn't
have trouble
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00:12:16,003 --> 00:12:17,504
finding mushrooms
for a ceremony.
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00:12:20,307 --> 00:12:24,377
And offered me the phone
number of a local named Gerardo.
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00:12:24,411 --> 00:12:27,147
When I texted Gerardo,
he responded with a photo
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depicting caerulescens
of unspeakable enormity.
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00:12:31,018 --> 00:12:33,887
And so the hunt began.
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00:12:40,127 --> 00:12:41,962
Morris: The next day,
I met with Gerardo
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00:12:41,995 --> 00:12:45,232
to discuss his tantalizing
caerulescens photo,
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00:12:45,265 --> 00:12:48,035
and he told me
of a private mountaintop garden
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00:12:48,068 --> 00:12:50,203
where the mushrooms grow.
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Maria Sabina's great-grandson
was as interested as I was,
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00:13:01,414 --> 00:13:03,917
so he tagged along.
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00:13:35,983 --> 00:13:37,985
Hola, Señor.
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00:13:42,890 --> 00:13:45,258
At the top of the mountain,
we arrived at the home
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00:13:45,292 --> 00:13:48,128
of a man named Imalfo,
who is cultivating mushrooms
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00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:52,165
in a fenced-off garden
fertilized with sugar-cane pulp.
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00:13:52,199 --> 00:13:54,267
Oh, wow,
there's actually hundreds
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00:13:54,301 --> 00:13:55,903
of psilocybe caerulescens.
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00:13:55,936 --> 00:13:57,437
They're the largest
I've ever seen.
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00:13:57,470 --> 00:13:59,606
They're just enormous.
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00:13:59,639 --> 00:14:02,609
Textbook psilocybe caerulescens.
199
00:14:02,642 --> 00:14:04,244
Look at the hygrophanous cap.
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00:14:04,277 --> 00:14:05,578
You can see that
the margin is two
201
00:14:05,612 --> 00:14:07,414
different colors
from moisture.
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00:14:07,447 --> 00:14:10,650
And they are absolutely amazing.
They're very potent by weight.
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00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:13,853
They contain high levels
of psilocin and psilocybin.
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00:14:20,227 --> 00:14:21,929
[ Chuckles ]
205
00:14:21,962 --> 00:14:24,998
I've never seen so many
of this type of mushroom before.
206
00:14:25,032 --> 00:14:26,399
It's amazing.
207
00:14:26,433 --> 00:14:29,002
This mushroom is very rare
where I come from.
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00:14:37,444 --> 00:14:40,080
Why are these mushrooms
so large?
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00:15:18,018 --> 00:15:19,486
The whole thing?
Sí.
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00:15:32,165 --> 00:15:34,134
Mmm.
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00:15:34,167 --> 00:15:36,069
That's nice.
Gracias.
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00:15:49,049 --> 00:15:51,518
Ah.
[ Chuckles ]
213
00:15:51,551 --> 00:15:53,453
Gracias.
214
00:16:00,793 --> 00:16:02,729
[ Chuckles ]
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00:16:02,762 --> 00:16:04,764
Oh, wow.
216
00:16:04,797 --> 00:16:06,533
That's a lot
of dried mushrooms.
217
00:16:06,566 --> 00:16:10,370
So you are -- you are able
to dry these mushrooms.
218
00:16:10,403 --> 00:16:13,773
10 ounces of dried
psilocybe caerulescens up here.
219
00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:17,544
This really is a magical garden
that you have. Unbelievable.
220
00:16:17,577 --> 00:16:20,113
Are these all
from this season?
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00:16:22,649 --> 00:16:25,618
So, I think this is where
the cane processing goes on,
222
00:16:25,652 --> 00:16:28,788
and I can already see probably
100 drying mushrooms
223
00:16:28,821 --> 00:16:32,192
over here on this altar
with a depiction of Jesus.
224
00:16:32,225 --> 00:16:35,595
And here there are
thousands more.
225
00:16:35,628 --> 00:16:36,729
Wow.
226
00:16:36,763 --> 00:16:38,531
**
227
00:16:47,574 --> 00:16:50,477
Your friend who brought me here
was encouraging me
228
00:16:50,510 --> 00:16:53,446
to eat the mushrooms
outside of a medical
229
00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,115
or ceremonial context.
230
00:16:55,148 --> 00:16:56,483
What do you think
of that?
231
00:17:06,626 --> 00:17:09,096
Hmm. And that's
an internal thing?
232
00:17:09,129 --> 00:17:11,231
I do that silently
in my head?
233
00:17:18,405 --> 00:17:21,108
So I'm starting to trip
from the mushrooms
234
00:17:21,141 --> 00:17:22,275
that your friend
gave me.
235
00:17:22,309 --> 00:17:24,311
What do you think
I should do?
236
00:17:30,783 --> 00:17:33,153
All right.
237
00:17:33,186 --> 00:17:35,222
It's very beautiful.
238
00:17:40,460 --> 00:17:42,662
Far from the city center
of Huautla,
239
00:17:42,695 --> 00:17:44,864
Imalfo lived
in relative isolation.
240
00:17:44,897 --> 00:17:47,767
He spoke no Spanish
and truly believed mushrooms
241
00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:52,205
are a sacrament that should
never be exchanged for money.
242
00:17:56,476 --> 00:17:59,212
All these mushrooms were
just picked from the garden,
243
00:17:59,246 --> 00:18:01,181
and they're
amazing-looking.
244
00:18:01,214 --> 00:18:03,650
As a parting gift,
he insisted I take a bag
245
00:18:03,683 --> 00:18:06,619
of fresh psilocybe caerulescens
from his garden
246
00:18:06,653 --> 00:18:08,555
for ceremonial use.
247
00:18:08,588 --> 00:18:10,757
**
248
00:18:18,365 --> 00:18:21,368
People that love mushrooms --
mycophiles --
249
00:18:21,401 --> 00:18:22,869
have their own rituals
and traditions
250
00:18:22,902 --> 00:18:24,437
when they hunt
for mushrooms.
251
00:18:24,471 --> 00:18:26,406
One of them is taking
spore prints,
252
00:18:26,439 --> 00:18:28,841
which aids identification
but also allows someone
253
00:18:28,875 --> 00:18:30,810
to save the spores
of the mushroom,
254
00:18:30,843 --> 00:18:32,879
which is the entire
biological purpose
255
00:18:32,912 --> 00:18:34,714
that the mushroom exists.
256
00:18:34,747 --> 00:18:36,449
It allows you to propagate
the mushroom.
257
00:18:36,483 --> 00:18:39,819
It allows you to verify
the identity of the species.
258
00:18:39,852 --> 00:18:42,822
And it's one of the only ways
of preserving something
259
00:18:42,855 --> 00:18:46,659
that otherwise begins
to deteriorate very quickly.
260
00:19:05,712 --> 00:19:07,714
Spore prints have been used
to identify mushrooms
261
00:19:07,747 --> 00:19:09,682
for almost 200 years.
262
00:19:10,750 --> 00:19:15,822
But not everyone is using spores
for taxonomic analysis.
263
00:19:25,665 --> 00:19:27,934
Morris: Fungi reproduce
by releasing spores
264
00:19:27,967 --> 00:19:29,502
into the environment.
265
00:19:29,536 --> 00:19:31,471
Like seeds,
the spores germinate
266
00:19:31,504 --> 00:19:33,373
once they've found
a suitable substrate.
267
00:19:33,406 --> 00:19:35,475
But unlike seeds,
they're haploid
268
00:19:35,508 --> 00:19:37,810
and require the genetic material
from another spore
269
00:19:37,844 --> 00:19:42,949
to produce a dykariotic fungus
capable of sexual reproduction.
270
00:19:42,982 --> 00:19:45,652
A single mushroom can release
tens of thousands of them
271
00:19:45,685 --> 00:19:48,688
into the environment.
272
00:19:48,721 --> 00:19:51,258
What I'm doing here
is putting some spores
273
00:19:51,291 --> 00:19:55,262
onto a couple of sterilized
agar dishes that I've got here.
274
00:19:55,295 --> 00:19:59,332
Morris:
Agar is a gelatinous growth
substrate obtained from seaweed.
275
00:19:59,366 --> 00:20:01,901
It's widely used
for isolating pure cultures.
276
00:20:01,934 --> 00:20:06,406
Cyanescens spores.
Lighter.
277
00:20:06,439 --> 00:20:08,575
And my little craft
knife/scalpel thing.
278
00:20:08,608 --> 00:20:12,312
Morris:
In nature, fungi can live
in harmony with other organisms,
279
00:20:12,345 --> 00:20:14,781
but when isolated
from their natural environment
280
00:20:14,814 --> 00:20:16,783
and placed
on high-nutrient media,
281
00:20:16,816 --> 00:20:18,985
the presence of competing
microorganisms
282
00:20:19,018 --> 00:20:21,988
creates a fierce battle
between the desired fungus
283
00:20:22,021 --> 00:20:24,991
and a diverse ecology
of contaminants.
284
00:20:31,731 --> 00:20:33,600
Eyeball #1: Most of the stuff
that I've learned is just
285
00:20:33,633 --> 00:20:35,034
general information
on the Internet
286
00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:37,637
that I've just done experiments
with other things
287
00:20:37,670 --> 00:20:40,340
and different variables
and came up
288
00:20:40,373 --> 00:20:42,342
with a method
that works.
289
00:20:42,375 --> 00:20:44,644
You're gonna want to scrape up
some of this print.
290
00:20:44,677 --> 00:20:47,880
Several prints.
It's a ton of prints.
291
00:20:47,914 --> 00:20:50,817
Whenever anyone collects
mushroom spores in the wild,
292
00:20:50,850 --> 00:20:53,386
they can be used
for this sort of a process --
293
00:20:53,420 --> 00:20:57,557
to inoculate either agar
or even grain,
294
00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:00,460
and then you can select
the strain and transfer it
295
00:21:00,493 --> 00:21:02,829
into a suitable
growth substrate.
296
00:21:02,862 --> 00:21:05,932
These are from nature,
so it's pretty hard to tell
297
00:21:05,965 --> 00:21:09,369
how clean they're gonna be
or any of that.
298
00:21:12,439 --> 00:21:14,674
All right,
the craft knife down.
299
00:21:14,707 --> 00:21:16,809
Screw the tops on.
300
00:21:20,947 --> 00:21:22,915
After an agar wedge
is removed
301
00:21:22,949 --> 00:21:25,885
and has been used to inoculate
a jar of sterilized grain,
302
00:21:25,918 --> 00:21:28,688
the jar is ready to spend
the next month in the dark room,
303
00:21:28,721 --> 00:21:31,724
where it begins
to culminize.
304
00:21:31,758 --> 00:21:34,961
The mycelium is a dense web
of microscopic fibers
305
00:21:34,994 --> 00:21:36,629
that can be seen
by the naked eye
306
00:21:36,663 --> 00:21:40,299
as it engulfs
and consumes its substrate.
307
00:21:43,102 --> 00:21:45,772
Welcome to our abode.
[ Chuckles ]
308
00:21:45,805 --> 00:21:48,074
Oh, wow,
this is huge.
309
00:21:50,477 --> 00:21:53,946
This is where the magic
before the magic happens.
310
00:21:55,782 --> 00:22:00,587
The mycelium is growing
from one grain to another.
311
00:22:00,620 --> 00:22:02,121
It's taken over
the whole jar.
312
00:22:02,154 --> 00:22:04,056
It looks beautiful.
313
00:22:04,090 --> 00:22:07,627
You know, it just
looks...flawless.
314
00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:09,529
How many jars are here?
315
00:22:09,562 --> 00:22:15,001
Down here they have enough
to make about eight more totes.
316
00:22:15,034 --> 00:22:16,569
So, totes.
317
00:22:16,603 --> 00:22:19,972
After we clone them
jar-to-jar
318
00:22:20,006 --> 00:22:21,808
or we put
some spores in there,
319
00:22:21,841 --> 00:22:25,412
they'll come into here
so that they can inoculate.
320
00:22:25,445 --> 00:22:27,380
[ Chuckles ]
It takes a lot of work --
321
00:22:27,414 --> 00:22:32,485
cleaning stuff, shaking up
these jars, fanning them.
322
00:22:32,519 --> 00:22:34,387
So why do it?
323
00:22:34,421 --> 00:22:36,989
Growing shit --
Everybody loves growing shit.
324
00:22:37,023 --> 00:22:39,492
People like watching
babies grow and shit.
325
00:22:39,526 --> 00:22:42,128
I like watching
these babies grow. [ Chuckles ]
326
00:22:42,161 --> 00:22:44,531
But...that
327
00:22:44,564 --> 00:22:46,533
and the money,
you know?
328
00:22:48,535 --> 00:22:50,503
There's another type
of mycophile
329
00:22:50,537 --> 00:22:53,406
who cares not for cultivation
but for the thrill
330
00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:56,776
of discovering new species
in the wild.
331
00:22:59,479 --> 00:23:00,880
Rockefeller: Here's
a little marasmius.
332
00:23:00,913 --> 00:23:04,150
Oh, wow, look at that.
Auriscalpium vulgare.
333
00:23:04,183 --> 00:23:07,119
This is an amanita
from section vaginatae.
334
00:23:07,153 --> 00:23:09,789
Oh, wow.
That is psilocybe Mexicana.
335
00:23:09,822 --> 00:23:12,459
Amazing. This is the first time
I've ever seen this.
336
00:23:12,492 --> 00:23:14,026
Morris: Alan Rockefeller
has been studying
337
00:23:14,060 --> 00:23:16,429
the distribution
of psilocybe in Mexico
338
00:23:16,463 --> 00:23:18,030
for more than a decade.
339
00:23:18,064 --> 00:23:20,500
Rockefeller:
Here's a really cool xylaria.
340
00:23:20,533 --> 00:23:22,635
Another amanita
from section Lepidella.
341
00:23:22,669 --> 00:23:24,671
Some of these are deadly
and others are edible.
342
00:23:24,704 --> 00:23:26,506
Morris: Is that amanita
muscaria?
343
00:23:26,539 --> 00:23:28,541
Ha. It is.
344
00:23:30,510 --> 00:23:34,013
A new species of Mexican
bioluminescent Mycena.
345
00:23:34,046 --> 00:23:35,548
Yep. Psathyrella.
346
00:23:35,582 --> 00:23:37,450
Psathyrella.
347
00:23:38,851 --> 00:23:40,920
This is something
I've never seen before.
348
00:23:40,953 --> 00:23:43,456
Holy moly.
349
00:23:43,490 --> 00:23:44,857
That's insane.
350
00:23:44,891 --> 00:23:46,092
Is that part
of the fungus?
351
00:23:46,125 --> 00:23:48,828
Yeah.
What?!
352
00:23:48,861 --> 00:23:51,163
What is this?
I don't know.
353
00:23:51,197 --> 00:23:53,900
Uh, does somebody have a bag
for this giant
354
00:23:53,933 --> 00:23:58,971
dangling cluster
of pseudofistulina.
355
00:24:08,147 --> 00:24:11,050
Morris: Alan travels each year
from his home in Oakland
356
00:24:11,083 --> 00:24:13,152
to Mexico,
where he spends months
357
00:24:13,185 --> 00:24:17,089
photographing and discovering
new species of fungi.
358
00:24:17,123 --> 00:24:19,125
Rockefeller: It's a very unique
habitat in that the clouds
359
00:24:19,158 --> 00:24:20,893
come in about 3:00 p.m.
every day
360
00:24:20,927 --> 00:24:22,995
and the whole place
fills up with fog.
361
00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:25,965
And it makes it a really
interesting and diverse place
362
00:24:25,998 --> 00:24:28,034
for plants
and mushrooms, too.
363
00:24:29,135 --> 00:24:30,870
How did you find
this location?
364
00:24:30,903 --> 00:24:32,939
I spent a long time
looking for it
365
00:24:32,972 --> 00:24:36,042
and driving around the different
cloud forests of Mexico.
366
00:24:36,075 --> 00:24:37,677
And whenever you see
a landslide,
367
00:24:37,710 --> 00:24:40,246
you check the bottom of the
landslides near the river.
368
00:24:40,279 --> 00:24:43,215
The place we're going in
is over here.
369
00:24:46,653 --> 00:24:49,088
When did the interest
or the obsession
370
00:24:49,121 --> 00:24:50,657
with mushrooms begin?
371
00:24:50,690 --> 00:24:52,291
Rockefeller: I was walking
in the forests.
372
00:24:52,324 --> 00:24:53,826
I took a hike,
373
00:24:53,860 --> 00:24:56,563
and there was mushrooms
everywhere.
374
00:24:56,596 --> 00:24:58,965
And I wanted to learn which ones
were poisonous,
375
00:24:58,998 --> 00:25:01,167
which ones were edible,
which ones were rare,
376
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,002
which ones
were psychoactive.
377
00:25:03,035 --> 00:25:04,904
And so I just started
taking pictures of them
378
00:25:04,937 --> 00:25:06,773
and bringing them home,
doing spore prints,
379
00:25:06,806 --> 00:25:08,741
and studying.
380
00:25:08,775 --> 00:25:10,242
We'll have to cross
to get in there
381
00:25:10,276 --> 00:25:12,579
'cause you can't really
pass there.
382
00:25:12,612 --> 00:25:14,614
I've written a lot
of Wikipedia articles
383
00:25:14,647 --> 00:25:16,816
and edited a lot
of Wikipedia articles,
384
00:25:16,849 --> 00:25:19,051
and I like to take really nice
pictures of mushrooms
385
00:25:19,085 --> 00:25:21,754
and put them
into Wikipedia.
386
00:25:22,989 --> 00:25:24,824
Morris: Were you interested
in the psychedelic mushrooms
387
00:25:24,857 --> 00:25:26,325
before any of this?
388
00:25:26,358 --> 00:25:28,094
Rockefeller: I was interested
in the psychedelic ones,
389
00:25:28,127 --> 00:25:29,796
but it's not really
my favorite thing.
390
00:25:29,829 --> 00:25:31,964
And the edibles
are not really my focus.
391
00:25:31,998 --> 00:25:34,867
My focus is really cool,
rare stuff --
392
00:25:34,901 --> 00:25:37,704
species that people
have never discovered before.
393
00:25:37,737 --> 00:25:40,039
These really interesting,
unusual,
394
00:25:40,072 --> 00:25:42,909
beautiful-looking mushrooms.
395
00:25:42,942 --> 00:25:45,912
You know, I'll be here in Mexico
for about four months,
396
00:25:45,945 --> 00:25:47,213
pretty much camping out
every night
397
00:25:47,246 --> 00:25:48,848
and hunting mushrooms
all day
398
00:25:48,881 --> 00:25:50,850
and doing microscope work
in the evenings
399
00:25:50,883 --> 00:25:52,819
around the campfire.
400
00:25:52,852 --> 00:25:53,986
Morris:
They're just glorious.
401
00:25:54,020 --> 00:25:55,722
Rockefeller:
They really are.
402
00:25:55,755 --> 00:25:58,725
It's probably the most beautiful
psilocybe in the world.
403
00:25:58,758 --> 00:26:02,061
And this is the best spot
I've found in all of Mexico.
404
00:26:02,094 --> 00:26:05,364
Flocko stem is really distinct
in zapotecorum
405
00:26:05,397 --> 00:26:08,134
and the veil remnants
around the pilus margin --
406
00:26:08,167 --> 00:26:10,269
dark-purple-brown
spore prints.
407
00:26:10,302 --> 00:26:12,939
They're all over the caps
that are adjacent.
408
00:26:12,972 --> 00:26:15,341
And here's a cool spore print
on the stem.
409
00:26:15,374 --> 00:26:19,746
You can see blue bruising
right there.
410
00:26:19,779 --> 00:26:21,380
You can see zapotecorum
is almost
411
00:26:21,413 --> 00:26:23,750
the only mushroom
that grows here.
412
00:26:23,783 --> 00:26:25,317
And it's not
a coincidence.
413
00:26:25,351 --> 00:26:27,654
Um, they really like
these landslide areas,
414
00:26:27,687 --> 00:26:29,021
but not a very fresh
landslide.
415
00:26:29,055 --> 00:26:31,891
They like landslides
that are a few years old.
416
00:26:31,924 --> 00:26:34,126
Morris: It's one of the largest,
one of the most beautiful,
417
00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:36,128
one of the most potent
psilocybin-contained
418
00:26:36,162 --> 00:26:40,700
mushroom species, and I've never
seen it in nature before.
419
00:26:40,733 --> 00:26:45,237
It's truly a glorious thing
to behold.
420
00:26:45,271 --> 00:26:46,706
This is one of the original ones
that was used
421
00:26:46,739 --> 00:26:48,307
by the Aztecs, right?
422
00:26:48,340 --> 00:26:50,076
Yeah,
and the Zapotecas.
423
00:26:50,109 --> 00:26:52,111
It's named after
the Zapotecas.
424
00:26:52,144 --> 00:26:55,047
And it's pretty hard
to find.
425
00:26:55,815 --> 00:26:58,985
In Mexico, the use of
psilocybin-containing mushrooms
426
00:26:59,018 --> 00:27:01,253
can be traced back
to ancient civilizations
427
00:27:01,287 --> 00:27:04,056
like the Aztec empire,
where they were consumed
428
00:27:04,090 --> 00:27:08,728
in conjunction with ritualistic
suicide and human sacrifice.
429
00:27:15,034 --> 00:27:19,405
Guzmán: Ah, this is
gymnopilus purpuatus.
430
00:27:19,438 --> 00:27:22,875
This is a special house
psilocybin.
431
00:27:22,909 --> 00:27:25,878
At the University
of Guadalajara's Fungarium,
432
00:27:25,912 --> 00:27:28,715
I met with mycologist
Laura Guzmán,
433
00:27:28,748 --> 00:27:31,784
daughter of the legendary
Gastón Guzmán,
434
00:27:31,818 --> 00:27:33,753
the leading expert
on the taxonomy
435
00:27:33,786 --> 00:27:35,855
of the genus psilocybe.
436
00:28:20,166 --> 00:28:22,401
And this also is a
hallucinogenic
437
00:28:22,434 --> 00:28:24,103
house psilocybin,
that.
438
00:28:24,136 --> 00:28:29,909
And this was described in --
many years ago.
439
00:28:29,942 --> 00:28:31,978
1909.
1909.
440
00:28:32,011 --> 00:28:34,046
Wow.
Yeah.
441
00:29:08,848 --> 00:29:10,950
The discovery
that psilocybe Cubensis
442
00:29:10,983 --> 00:29:13,385
in the United States
produced the same effect
443
00:29:13,419 --> 00:29:16,823
as the San Isidro of Mexico
sent a new generation
444
00:29:16,856 --> 00:29:20,026
of mycophiles
onto private cow pastures.
445
00:29:28,434 --> 00:29:30,569
Man: We've got two pastures next
to each other right there.
446
00:29:30,602 --> 00:29:32,271
A friend of mine's
got the other one.
447
00:29:32,304 --> 00:29:33,472
And I was going down
through there
448
00:29:33,505 --> 00:29:35,507
and looked out
in Bill's pasture.
449
00:29:35,541 --> 00:29:37,977
This guy's walking around
out there with a bag.
450
00:29:38,010 --> 00:29:40,179
I let him get about from here
to that fence from me
451
00:29:40,212 --> 00:29:41,881
right there and I said,
"What are you doing?"
452
00:29:41,914 --> 00:29:43,182
I had that rifle.
453
00:29:43,215 --> 00:29:45,284
That poor boy --
It scared him so bad.
454
00:29:45,317 --> 00:29:47,186
Oh, my gosh. And I said,
"How'd you get in here?"
455
00:29:47,219 --> 00:29:48,420
And he said,
"I walked across
456
00:29:48,454 --> 00:29:50,056
from those apartments
over there."
457
00:29:50,089 --> 00:29:51,457
And I said, "Well,
get back across that road,
458
00:29:51,490 --> 00:29:52,892
and don't
come over here again."
459
00:29:52,925 --> 00:29:54,360
Morris:
Conservative farm owners
460
00:29:54,393 --> 00:29:56,562
were dismayed to find
the dung of their cattle
461
00:29:56,595 --> 00:29:58,164
was the preferred substrate
462
00:29:58,197 --> 00:29:59,999
for a mind-altering drug.
463
00:30:00,032 --> 00:30:03,135
Why don't you want people
on your land picking mushrooms?
464
00:30:03,169 --> 00:30:04,837
Because
it's a liability.
465
00:30:04,871 --> 00:30:06,505
They get on there and get hurt
and turn around and sue you.
466
00:30:06,538 --> 00:30:08,274
And I think
it's a stupid thing to do.
467
00:30:08,307 --> 00:30:11,477
I don't use drugs, and I don't
think anybody else should.
468
00:30:11,510 --> 00:30:13,445
I think it's a drag
on society.
469
00:30:13,479 --> 00:30:16,248
And you get these people
that are addicted,
470
00:30:16,282 --> 00:30:19,485
then all they want to do
is lay around and do damn drugs
471
00:30:19,518 --> 00:30:22,955
and don't go to work
and collect welfare. So...
472
00:30:22,989 --> 00:30:24,991
From mushrooms?
I don't know
what it is.
473
00:30:25,024 --> 00:30:27,459
Maybe you start on mushrooms
and then you go to marijuana
474
00:30:27,493 --> 00:30:29,896
and next thing you're on crack
or -- I don't know.
475
00:30:29,929 --> 00:30:32,298
It's a -- Maybe it's
an entry drug, you know.
476
00:30:32,331 --> 00:30:33,399
[ Clears throat ]
Do something.
477
00:30:33,432 --> 00:30:35,234
Don't be on --
478
00:30:35,267 --> 00:30:37,970
getting out here
and making mushroom milkshakes
479
00:30:38,004 --> 00:30:39,338
or whatever
they do with it
480
00:30:39,371 --> 00:30:41,207
instead of
going to work, you know?
481
00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:43,275
I'm -- [Clears throat]
There's too many good things
482
00:30:43,309 --> 00:30:45,577
to do in life
besides that.
483
00:30:45,611 --> 00:30:49,949
Without a history of shamanism
or training in identification,
484
00:30:49,982 --> 00:30:52,919
the mushroom pickers
of Florida have still forged
485
00:30:52,952 --> 00:30:55,187
a relationship
with the fungus.
486
00:30:55,221 --> 00:30:56,455
Riley: Uh, In the state
of Florida,
487
00:30:56,488 --> 00:30:58,124
I mean, it could go
all year round.
488
00:30:58,157 --> 00:31:01,327
It really depends on
our rain season and our winter.
489
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:02,995
If our winter
doesn't come in harsh,
490
00:31:03,029 --> 00:31:05,631
you pick all the way around
from January to January.
491
00:31:06,465 --> 00:31:08,400
How'd you become interested
in mushrooms?
492
00:31:08,434 --> 00:31:11,303
Um, I guess you could say
I kind of one day --
493
00:31:11,337 --> 00:31:12,571
I don't really know
exactly how to put it,
494
00:31:12,604 --> 00:31:14,073
but I just felt like
it was time
495
00:31:14,106 --> 00:31:15,341
to go pick
some mushrooms,
496
00:31:15,374 --> 00:31:18,110
try -- try to see
what the whole --
497
00:31:18,144 --> 00:31:20,079
I guess you could say
the trip was about.
498
00:31:20,112 --> 00:31:21,480
After that, more --
more of my friends
499
00:31:21,513 --> 00:31:23,215
started talking to me
about mushroom picking
500
00:31:23,249 --> 00:31:25,684
and stuff like that,
so got me hooked on it
501
00:31:25,717 --> 00:31:27,653
after a little while.
502
00:31:29,421 --> 00:31:31,090
After that,
it was more spiritual
503
00:31:31,123 --> 00:31:33,292
than it was
of a medicinal use.
504
00:31:33,325 --> 00:31:35,494
You know, I wasn't using it
just to get high from mushrooms,
505
00:31:35,527 --> 00:31:38,697
but instead, using it
to seek more knowledge --
506
00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:41,533
energy fields,
I guess you'd call them.
507
00:31:41,567 --> 00:31:43,135
Psilocybin
is definitely something
508
00:31:43,169 --> 00:31:47,306
a lot of people seek --
inner connection.
509
00:31:47,339 --> 00:31:50,442
I wouldn't be proud of it,
but I started selling them
a lot, too.
510
00:31:50,476 --> 00:31:52,611
Most of my things with mushrooms
that I've come to knowledge
511
00:31:52,644 --> 00:31:55,047
is all off --
based off theory and experience
512
00:31:55,081 --> 00:31:57,283
and small amounts
of research.
513
00:31:57,316 --> 00:31:59,718
I'm not too --
too good in a school
514
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:01,653
and do good --
do good in school.
515
00:32:01,687 --> 00:32:03,622
Glad I didn't
drop out.
516
00:32:03,655 --> 00:32:05,657
Exciting. Exciting.
517
00:32:08,194 --> 00:32:09,361
[ Sighs ]
518
00:32:09,395 --> 00:32:12,031
**
519
00:32:19,338 --> 00:32:22,108
Morris: [ Sighs ]
I'm sweating up a storm.
520
00:32:22,141 --> 00:32:26,278
Sweatily walking
through this cow pasture,
521
00:32:26,312 --> 00:32:31,317
inspecting cow dung for the
presence of psilocybe cubensis.
522
00:32:31,350 --> 00:32:33,619
Riley: And there's
those white ones.
523
00:32:33,652 --> 00:32:36,722
And here's a nice golden-topped
one right there -- beautiful.
524
00:32:36,755 --> 00:32:39,191
This is a really
gorgeous one.
525
00:32:39,225 --> 00:32:43,362
That's a nice, elegant,
fully opened cap.
526
00:32:43,395 --> 00:32:45,231
May have been another mushroom
growing above it.
527
00:32:45,264 --> 00:32:49,001
There's almost a ring of purple
around the margin.
528
00:32:49,035 --> 00:32:52,671
This is a classic textbook
psilocybe cubensis.
529
00:32:53,772 --> 00:32:56,042
I always look at...
530
00:32:59,578 --> 00:33:02,448
This is a field of nothing
but psilocybe cubensis.
531
00:33:02,481 --> 00:33:05,217
Florida --
psilocybe cubensis land.
532
00:33:07,453 --> 00:33:10,056
Man:
I never understood how people
have bad trips on mushrooms
533
00:33:10,089 --> 00:33:13,292
'cause of the overwhelming joy
that I feel
534
00:33:13,325 --> 00:33:15,061
every time I do
them.
535
00:33:15,094 --> 00:33:17,763
It's weird 'cause
it's not like ecstasy,
536
00:33:17,796 --> 00:33:19,798
where it just, like,
pumps you full of happiness
537
00:33:19,831 --> 00:33:21,500
and then you come down
and you're sad.
538
00:33:21,533 --> 00:33:24,670
It's like --
It's like a lasting peace.
539
00:33:25,771 --> 00:33:28,607
There's a vehicle
coming down this trail.
540
00:33:31,577 --> 00:33:34,146
[ Engine rumbling ]
541
00:33:34,180 --> 00:33:36,648
That thing sounds
like an excavator.
542
00:33:44,356 --> 00:33:46,292
[ Horn honks ]
543
00:33:47,459 --> 00:33:49,361
Morris: I recovered
my non-psychoactive
544
00:33:49,395 --> 00:33:54,166
panaeolus antillarum
and returned to the hunt.
545
00:34:01,607 --> 00:34:04,543
Do any of you use mushrooms
with your family?
546
00:34:04,576 --> 00:34:05,677
Would you
like to do that?
547
00:34:05,711 --> 00:34:07,779
Yes, definitely.
548
00:34:07,813 --> 00:34:09,715
Definitely.
That would be awesome.
549
00:34:09,748 --> 00:34:11,417
It would be an awesome
experience just to take it
550
00:34:11,450 --> 00:34:13,419
all in, see how they'd
react on them,
551
00:34:13,452 --> 00:34:16,255
see how they maybe
inform me while --
552
00:34:16,288 --> 00:34:18,490
while under the influence
of psilocybin.
553
00:34:18,524 --> 00:34:20,692
Or maybe some words
of wisdom that they could
possibly give me.
554
00:34:20,726 --> 00:34:22,394
It would be pretty cool
to see what they would --
555
00:34:22,428 --> 00:34:25,797
You know what I mean? They might
be more philosophical.
556
00:34:25,831 --> 00:34:27,566
Exactly.
557
00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:30,436
While most Americans
wouldn't consider
558
00:34:30,469 --> 00:34:33,272
the psychedelic experience
something to be shared
559
00:34:33,305 --> 00:34:36,475
with family,
amongst the shamans of Huautla,
560
00:34:36,508 --> 00:34:39,711
it would be unnatural
to do it any other way.
561
00:34:39,745 --> 00:34:42,080
**
562
00:34:48,354 --> 00:34:50,389
[ Speaks Spanish ]
563
00:35:35,334 --> 00:35:38,304
Thank you, Maria Sabina,
for allowing
564
00:35:38,337 --> 00:35:40,472
Gordon Wasson
into your home.
565
00:35:40,506 --> 00:35:43,475
I think that hundreds
of thousands,
566
00:35:43,509 --> 00:35:45,377
or millions of people
have benefited
567
00:35:45,411 --> 00:35:48,614
because of your generosity
and the way that you shared
568
00:35:48,647 --> 00:35:52,651
information with outsiders,
which is a good thing.
569
00:35:52,684 --> 00:35:55,854
31 years
after Maria Sabina's death,
570
00:35:55,887 --> 00:35:58,357
the use of psilocybin
is being recognized
571
00:35:58,390 --> 00:36:01,860
by the medical establishment
for treatment of depression,
572
00:36:01,893 --> 00:36:05,797
cluster headache, OCD,
and addiction.
573
00:36:05,831 --> 00:36:08,834
And as I head to a ceremony
with Filogonio,
574
00:36:08,867 --> 00:36:11,870
I remember that medicinal use
in his family
575
00:36:11,903 --> 00:36:14,706
is where it all began.
576
00:36:21,380 --> 00:36:22,848
[ Insects buzzing ]
577
00:36:25,884 --> 00:36:27,853
[ Rain falling ]
578
00:36:29,255 --> 00:36:32,658
Morris: At the top of the hill
overlooking Huautla de Jiménez,
579
00:36:32,691 --> 00:36:35,461
Filogonio is preparing
a ceremony for his son,
580
00:36:35,494 --> 00:36:38,630
who's struggling with
alcoholism, his wife,
581
00:36:38,664 --> 00:36:41,933
who's losing her eyesight,
and me.
582
00:36:41,967 --> 00:36:43,902
I have mild psoriasis.
583
00:36:43,935 --> 00:36:45,871
[ Speaking Spanish ]
584
00:36:47,573 --> 00:36:49,741
This ceremony begins
with Filogonio
585
00:36:49,775 --> 00:36:51,477
cleansing the mushrooms
I gathered
586
00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:54,946
from the sugarcane garden
with smoke from copal incense
587
00:36:54,980 --> 00:36:57,616
that's been used as an offering
to the gods
588
00:36:57,649 --> 00:37:00,886
since the Aztec
and Mayan empire.
589
00:37:01,653 --> 00:37:03,689
Garcia:
[ Speaking Spanish ]
590
00:37:10,496 --> 00:37:12,831
[ Speaking Spanish continues ]
591
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:41,259
[ Speaking Spanish ]
592
00:37:48,734 --> 00:37:50,869
[ Rain falling ]
593
00:37:59,811 --> 00:38:01,947
[ Thunder rumbling ]
594
00:38:02,881 --> 00:38:05,484
[ Speaking Spanish ]
595
00:38:08,620 --> 00:38:10,622
[ Thunder rumbling ]
596
00:38:50,829 --> 00:38:53,098
Woman:
[ Chanting in Spanish ]
597
00:38:53,599 --> 00:38:55,100
Man: [ Whistling ]
598
00:39:01,873 --> 00:39:02,874
[ Thunder crashes ]
599
00:39:06,144 --> 00:39:08,580
[ Speaking Spanish ]
600
00:39:13,084 --> 00:39:15,454
[ Thunder rumbles ]
601
00:40:19,184 --> 00:40:21,653
[ Speaking Spanish ]
602
00:40:26,692 --> 00:40:29,628
[ Spits ]
603
00:40:29,661 --> 00:40:31,730
[ Retching ]
604
00:41:43,301 --> 00:41:45,537
[ Speaking Spanish ]
605
00:41:56,815 --> 00:41:59,250
Gracias.
[ Speaks Spanish ]
606
00:42:04,723 --> 00:42:05,857
[ Laughs ]
607
00:42:13,799 --> 00:42:15,300
Sí.
608
00:42:21,873 --> 00:42:23,341
Hmm.
609
00:42:23,374 --> 00:42:27,178
I thought it was nice
that sort of psychedelic use
610
00:42:27,212 --> 00:42:29,180
could bring
many families together.
611
00:42:29,214 --> 00:42:31,983
I'm sure there's families
all over the planet
612
00:42:32,017 --> 00:42:34,953
that would benefit
from this sort of ritual
613
00:42:34,986 --> 00:42:40,325
sitting in a nice shack
in the rain, burning incense
614
00:42:40,358 --> 00:42:44,996
and candlelight
and sitting together
615
00:42:45,030 --> 00:42:50,201
and talking about health
problems and eating mushrooms
616
00:42:50,235 --> 00:42:52,704
and feeling better.
617
00:42:52,738 --> 00:42:56,307
By tracing the history of
psilocybin-containing mushrooms,
618
00:42:56,341 --> 00:42:59,044
I've seen the way Maria Sabina's
greatest contribution
619
00:42:59,077 --> 00:43:02,013
has changed our culture,
and in turn,
620
00:43:02,047 --> 00:43:05,383
the way our culture
has changed the mushroom.
621
00:43:05,416 --> 00:43:09,287
It's very clear that Myco Mob
and their tubs and jars,
622
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:11,990
Riley and his cow pastures,
623
00:43:12,023 --> 00:43:15,160
Filogonio and his family,
624
00:43:15,193 --> 00:43:17,996
Alan Rockefeller
and his taxonomical quest...
625
00:43:18,029 --> 00:43:20,966
Oh, wow. Look at that.
Auriscalpium vulgare.
626
00:43:20,999 --> 00:43:23,334
...have all furthered
the human-mushroom partnership
627
00:43:23,368 --> 00:43:25,170
in their own way.
628
00:43:25,203 --> 00:43:29,407
And when we become a society
that can embrace the mushroom,
629
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,645
then and only then...
630
00:43:33,679 --> 00:43:36,147
can we embrace each other.
631
00:43:36,181 --> 00:43:37,683
Gracias.
632
00:43:37,716 --> 00:43:40,185
**
49402
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