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1
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[serene instrumental music playing]
2
00:00:26,359 --> 00:00:29,988
[man 1] Having grown up
in the '50s and '60s,
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00:00:30,447 --> 00:00:33,700
in a world
that was really divorcing itself
4
00:00:33,825 --> 00:00:36,745
from the source of all of its food.
5
00:00:37,746 --> 00:00:39,873
I got to Mexico and I discovered
6
00:00:39,956 --> 00:00:43,668
that there was still
a really strong bond between people
7
00:00:43,877 --> 00:00:45,587
and where their food came from,
8
00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:47,255
the people that produced the food.
9
00:00:52,343 --> 00:00:57,432
I got back to the United States
and I was buying produce
10
00:00:57,807 --> 00:01:00,643
that came from, who knows where.
11
00:01:03,938 --> 00:01:07,108
I kept asking myself, how am I going
to make great food,
12
00:01:07,484 --> 00:01:11,154
if I don't have any connection
to the people that are growing that food?
13
00:01:21,122 --> 00:01:23,750
We have gotten so distant
14
00:01:23,833 --> 00:01:27,086
from the food
that we start thinking about it
15
00:01:27,170 --> 00:01:28,254
as a commodity.
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00:01:29,255 --> 00:01:33,176
For goodness sakes,
it's our nourishment as human beings.
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00:01:33,968 --> 00:01:35,929
And I can have an opportunity
18
00:01:36,179 --> 00:01:40,850
to have give and take with the people
that are actually keeping me alive.
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[upbeat instrumental music playing]
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[man 2] I'm Marty Travis,
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00:02:13,133 --> 00:02:15,426
and I'm a farmer in Central Illinois.
22
00:02:27,063 --> 00:02:31,818
Each Friday night, I send an email
to close to 200 shops,
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00:02:32,944 --> 00:02:36,489
it lists the product that we have
available from Spence Farm
24
00:02:36,573 --> 00:02:38,783
and then we deliver every Wednesday
25
00:02:39,033 --> 00:02:41,119
to the restaurants, what they've ordered.
26
00:02:41,452 --> 00:02:43,830
And, we do all the deliveries ourselves.
27
00:02:49,043 --> 00:02:53,131
I usually make our first delivery
at 9.30 in the morning.
28
00:02:53,256 --> 00:02:56,426
Hit as many as 30 plus restaurants
during the day.
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00:02:56,759 --> 00:02:58,678
Cover a pretty good sloth of the city.
30
00:03:00,805 --> 00:03:03,224
We worked it out so that we're hitting
31
00:03:03,474 --> 00:03:06,060
each restaurant when somebody's there
to receive it
32
00:03:06,227 --> 00:03:08,271
and somebody there to write a check.
33
00:03:08,688 --> 00:03:11,983
But, it's more about the relationship
than it is the rutabagas.
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00:03:18,072 --> 00:03:22,410
It's an important intricate piece
in the marketing that we do.
35
00:03:22,702 --> 00:03:26,122
But it's much more than
just selling things to them,
36
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they've really become our friends.
37
00:03:32,420 --> 00:03:35,048
[man 3] It's so funny
that people talk about...
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00:03:35,924 --> 00:03:38,885
"Oh, I'm a small farmer
and I'm providing food for restaurants,
39
00:03:38,968 --> 00:03:42,222
and I sell some of my stuff at a CSA
and I have a truck stand
40
00:03:42,305 --> 00:03:44,390
and then I go
to the farmer's market once a week."
41
00:03:44,474 --> 00:03:48,561
That's what a small farmer
typically these days would say.
42
00:03:49,437 --> 00:03:52,482
Well, that was what everybody did,
50 years ago.
43
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[sweeping instrumental music playing]
44
00:03:58,112 --> 00:04:01,616
There weren't as many restaurants
but restaurants got their food locally
45
00:04:01,699 --> 00:04:04,285
and people got their food locally
46
00:04:04,702 --> 00:04:06,454
and most of everything was seasonal.
47
00:04:08,039 --> 00:04:10,375
You look at frozen food,
you look at microwaves,
48
00:04:10,458 --> 00:04:12,418
You look at super-highly processed food
49
00:04:12,502 --> 00:04:15,463
you look at the ease at which these things
can be transported.
50
00:04:16,547 --> 00:04:20,301
Each of these steps, made it more
and more possible to say,
51
00:04:20,677 --> 00:04:24,222
if we grow a lot of the same crop
in one area,
52
00:04:24,305 --> 00:04:26,766
then we have the ability to process food,
53
00:04:26,849 --> 00:04:30,728
freeze it, ship it from a central location
to the rest of the country.
54
00:04:32,438 --> 00:04:35,775
And you're not saying, "How do we want
to feed ourselves?"
55
00:04:37,610 --> 00:04:39,946
You're saying,
"How can we make agriculture
56
00:04:40,029 --> 00:04:44,826
into the most efficient
profit making system that we can?"
57
00:04:45,535 --> 00:04:48,997
To start with, how do we make
the most possible money?
58
00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,125
Rather than, how do we produce
the most appropriate food
59
00:04:52,208 --> 00:04:54,419
is asking the wrong question first.
60
00:04:56,045 --> 00:04:57,839
It is at a crisis point.
61
00:04:57,922 --> 00:05:00,550
But it's not a crisis you wake up
and see every morning.
62
00:05:01,634 --> 00:05:04,387
It's at a crisis point where we have
a health care crisis,
63
00:05:04,470 --> 00:05:06,889
where our land and water
is being badly used,
64
00:05:07,807 --> 00:05:09,225
and climate change.
65
00:05:09,642 --> 00:05:12,854
Agriculture is the number two culprit
in climate change.
66
00:05:14,397 --> 00:05:16,524
The way that we produce food
and the way we eat
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00:05:16,607 --> 00:05:18,318
affects almost everything.
68
00:05:20,445 --> 00:05:23,364
Each aspect of that has big problems.
69
00:05:25,575 --> 00:05:27,994
It appears that we have a food system
but what we have
70
00:05:28,077 --> 00:05:32,623
is a system of using agriculture,
food marketing, food production
71
00:05:32,707 --> 00:05:35,084
to make money
for a number of corporations.
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00:05:37,795 --> 00:05:40,506
We do get to eat,
but we don't get to eat food
73
00:05:40,590 --> 00:05:42,759
that's green and nutritious,
and fair and affordable.
74
00:05:42,842 --> 00:05:47,055
And if those are our goals,
then we need a food system that says,
75
00:05:47,847 --> 00:05:49,891
these are our goals, how do we get there?
76
00:06:02,779 --> 00:06:04,906
[Marty] The winter season
here at the farm,
77
00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:08,034
is much different than the other seasons.
78
00:06:10,870 --> 00:06:13,122
It can be an incredibly beautiful time.
79
00:06:15,958 --> 00:06:17,710
It's about keeping warm.
80
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And also, keeping our livestock warm,
81
00:06:26,385 --> 00:06:27,512
and well fed.
82
00:06:29,722 --> 00:06:31,849
Winter is a season
83
00:06:31,933 --> 00:06:34,268
that, I think, here in the Midwest,
84
00:06:35,311 --> 00:06:37,188
we just wanna get through it quickly.
85
00:06:45,738 --> 00:06:49,742
I work on the farm with my wife, Kris
and our son, Will.
86
00:06:55,748 --> 00:06:56,833
My son, Will
87
00:06:57,667 --> 00:07:00,253
must be at least a foot taller
than I am now.
88
00:07:00,545 --> 00:07:03,089
I look up to Will in many ways.
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00:07:03,881 --> 00:07:06,425
There's been a couple of times
where we've asked him,
90
00:07:06,509 --> 00:07:10,096
"So, what are you gonna to do on the farm,
what part of this do you want to do?"
91
00:07:10,304 --> 00:07:13,349
And one of the things he came up with
when he was still in high school
92
00:07:13,433 --> 00:07:16,644
was that he wanted to resurrect
the maple syrup business.
93
00:07:23,818 --> 00:07:27,280
The native Kickapoo shared
how to make syrup
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00:07:27,363 --> 00:07:31,159
with my fourth great grandfather in 1830.
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And from that time on,
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syrup has been made each generation.
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[Will] I wanted to do the maple syrup
because I really enjoy being in the timber
98
00:07:43,754 --> 00:07:45,506
the sounds and the smells.
99
00:07:45,965 --> 00:07:49,218
It's just a very calming,
relaxing environment to be in.
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00:07:51,220 --> 00:07:56,893
[Marty] It's connecting back to a time
that was very important to this farm.
101
00:07:58,269 --> 00:07:59,604
So it's a sense of pride
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00:07:59,896 --> 00:08:01,314
to see the next generation
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00:08:01,898 --> 00:08:03,441
re-capture some of that.
104
00:08:07,612 --> 00:08:09,238
This farm was settled
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00:08:09,322 --> 00:08:13,242
by my fourth great grandfather
in October of 1830.
106
00:08:16,787 --> 00:08:18,247
In 1981,
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00:08:18,706 --> 00:08:22,335
the farm had been in our family
for a 151 years at that point.
108
00:08:23,711 --> 00:08:27,465
My grandmother decided
that she couldn't take care of the farm
109
00:08:27,548 --> 00:08:29,592
in the way that she had for years.
110
00:08:29,675 --> 00:08:33,387
And decided to sell the house yard
and the farm buildings
111
00:08:33,471 --> 00:08:36,516
to a conventional farm family.
112
00:08:36,599 --> 00:08:37,725
[surreal instrumental music playing]
113
00:08:37,850 --> 00:08:40,186
And then, for the next 18 years,
114
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the farm really, was farmed conventionally
115
00:08:42,939 --> 00:08:45,149
corn and soybeans,
and during that period of time
116
00:08:45,233 --> 00:08:48,486
was when the fellow that farmed
the acreage was so excited
117
00:08:48,569 --> 00:08:51,280
that it was Roundup Ready soybeans.
118
00:08:59,038 --> 00:09:01,874
So then, my grandmother
bought the farm back,
119
00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:06,379
and I moved back here in...
120
00:09:07,547 --> 00:09:08,923
the spring of '99.
121
00:09:11,467 --> 00:09:16,973
It was a very surreal
kind of experience in many ways.
122
00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:19,225
The buildings were in tough shape,
123
00:09:19,767 --> 00:09:21,227
so they needed repair.
124
00:09:21,394 --> 00:09:22,937
The house needed repairs
125
00:09:23,396 --> 00:09:25,523
and the land needed to be repaired.
126
00:09:28,359 --> 00:09:31,279
The soil just didn't seem the same.
127
00:09:31,946 --> 00:09:33,614
A lot of corn stalks
128
00:09:33,698 --> 00:09:35,992
were still there,
two and three years later,
129
00:09:36,075 --> 00:09:37,577
just weren't breaking down,
130
00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:41,080
and the soil was hard to walk on.
131
00:09:42,957 --> 00:09:44,250
It just didn't feel right.
132
00:09:46,544 --> 00:09:50,339
[man 4] The soil is one of those things
that most people take for granted.
133
00:09:50,506 --> 00:09:53,050
And yet, if you think about it
as a resource,
134
00:09:53,259 --> 00:09:57,722
it's sort of the most undervalued
yet invaluable resource humanity has.
135
00:09:59,849 --> 00:10:03,436
It's the foundation for terrestrial life,
it's a foundation for agriculture.
136
00:10:03,519 --> 00:10:06,814
And yet, we pretty much,
for the modern era,
137
00:10:06,897 --> 00:10:08,816
have been treating soil like dirt.
138
00:10:20,369 --> 00:10:22,913
If you look back at the history
of past civilizations,
139
00:10:22,997 --> 00:10:26,083
you keep running into different versions
of a very similar story.
140
00:10:26,584 --> 00:10:28,544
You look at Mesopotamia,
141
00:10:29,045 --> 00:10:31,047
to Greece, to Rome
142
00:10:31,422 --> 00:10:33,341
to the Southeastern United States,
143
00:10:33,674 --> 00:10:35,676
to the American Midwest and the Dust Bowl.
144
00:10:36,010 --> 00:10:39,013
It's a whole progression of societies
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00:10:39,096 --> 00:10:43,225
that have damaged and degraded their soil,
and then moved on to the next place.
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00:10:44,935 --> 00:10:47,396
It would be profoundly unwise
147
00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:51,859
to not look back and try
and learn the lessons of those societies.
148
00:10:52,526 --> 00:10:55,571
Given that now, we don't really have
anywhere else to go.
149
00:11:01,369 --> 00:11:03,621
I've actually been very impressed
and amazed
150
00:11:03,704 --> 00:11:05,915
by how simple changes in practices
151
00:11:05,998 --> 00:11:08,709
can greatly reduce the need
for agricultural inputs.
152
00:11:08,793 --> 00:11:12,046
Like fertilizers and herbicides
and pesticides in particular,
153
00:11:12,505 --> 00:11:14,048
and buy us some time
154
00:11:14,131 --> 00:11:17,426
to essentially think about how to generate
a truly sustainable agriculture.
155
00:11:23,349 --> 00:11:26,143
[man 5] In a typical Iowa cropping system,
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in which corn and soy are grown
in alternate years on the same land,
157
00:11:30,064 --> 00:11:33,150
farmers are looking to have
a high yield of corn,
158
00:11:33,234 --> 00:11:35,486
by applying a sufficient amount
of nitrogen
159
00:11:35,611 --> 00:11:38,197
to the soil in the form
of mineral fertilizer.
160
00:11:38,864 --> 00:11:41,575
Weeds are everywhere in these fields
161
00:11:41,700 --> 00:11:44,703
and farmers have relied more
and more on chemicals
162
00:11:44,787 --> 00:11:47,832
that are very effective
in suppressing weeds.
163
00:11:49,917 --> 00:11:53,712
If we wanted an agricultural system
that was minimally dependent
164
00:11:54,088 --> 00:11:56,048
on non renewable resources
165
00:11:56,465 --> 00:11:58,050
and that was...
166
00:11:59,135 --> 00:12:01,762
careful in its impacts on the environment.
167
00:12:02,263 --> 00:12:03,681
What would that system look like?
168
00:12:09,353 --> 00:12:12,273
We started working on this land in 2001
169
00:12:12,898 --> 00:12:14,942
and what we found out
is that we could reduce
170
00:12:15,025 --> 00:12:17,570
our use of mineral nitrogen fertilizer
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00:12:18,404 --> 00:12:23,492
by 90 percent and reduce our use
of herbicides by more than 95 percent
172
00:12:23,576 --> 00:12:28,456
if we add oats with red clover,
or oats with alfalfa
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to that corn and soy rotation.
174
00:12:32,209 --> 00:12:35,713
This oat crop has this companion of clover
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which is taking nitrogen
out of the atmosphere
176
00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:42,303
and putting it into its roots,
which allows us to back way off
177
00:12:42,511 --> 00:12:44,346
on the amount
of mineral fertilizer we use.
178
00:12:45,931 --> 00:12:49,435
We've seen less erosion potential
in the longer rotations.
179
00:12:49,643 --> 00:12:53,355
So we've seen these indicators
of improved environmental performers
180
00:12:53,439 --> 00:12:56,358
and we've also been able
to maintain profitability
181
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because of lower input costs
in the longer rotations.
182
00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:06,702
The basic fact that impedes the adoption
183
00:13:06,785 --> 00:13:09,663
of more diverse,
less chemically dependent systems
184
00:13:09,914 --> 00:13:12,917
is that we don't put a price tag
on environmental damage.
185
00:13:13,876 --> 00:13:17,630
Impairments of water quality
or loss of soil due to erosion,
186
00:13:18,047 --> 00:13:21,258
or drift of herbicides
onto non-target crops.
187
00:13:22,718 --> 00:13:24,303
The so called externalities,
188
00:13:24,512 --> 00:13:27,473
are not factored into
the production equation.
189
00:13:29,141 --> 00:13:33,562
[Mark B.] If the external cost were added,
back into the cost of industrial farming,
190
00:13:33,854 --> 00:13:35,397
then it would seem much more expensive.
191
00:13:35,481 --> 00:13:38,359
It would seem
as expensive as it really is.
192
00:13:39,485 --> 00:13:42,321
The argument that sustainable foods
are more expensive,
193
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goes out the window,
when you recognize that sustainable food
194
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has far fewer externalities
than industrially produced food.
195
00:13:50,538 --> 00:13:52,623
[male newscaster 1] Scientists who work
for the Federal Government
196
00:13:52,706 --> 00:13:56,210
have discovered a huge dead zone
in the Gulf of Mexico
197
00:13:56,293 --> 00:13:58,295
where fish cannot survive.
198
00:13:58,462 --> 00:14:03,259
It is about the size of Connecticut
covering nearly 6000 miles.
199
00:14:03,342 --> 00:14:05,886
Surface runoff is a very serious problem.
200
00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:07,846
[male newscaster 2]
The primary cause of the dead zone
201
00:14:07,930 --> 00:14:11,725
is nitrogen-based fertilizers
that are washed down the Mississippi River
202
00:14:11,809 --> 00:14:14,144
by spring rains and into the Gulf.
203
00:14:14,228 --> 00:14:16,188
Suppose that you're a farmer
from Illinois,
204
00:14:16,814 --> 00:14:20,359
and you get a letter
from the governor or from Louisiana
205
00:14:20,484 --> 00:14:23,320
which has a bill in it for $234,000
206
00:14:23,654 --> 00:14:26,156
and that's your share of the cost
of cleaning up the dead zone
207
00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:27,533
in the Gulf of Mexico.
208
00:14:27,616 --> 00:14:29,827
Kern County is one of the several areas
in our state
209
00:14:29,910 --> 00:14:33,664
that was found to have high nitrate levels
in its ground water.
210
00:14:33,914 --> 00:14:36,709
[Fred] Increasingly now,
the public is having to paying the cost
211
00:14:36,876 --> 00:14:39,587
to take enough of the nutrients out
of the water, the nitrate, et cetera
212
00:14:39,670 --> 00:14:41,046
to make it safe to drink.
213
00:14:41,130 --> 00:14:44,341
Toledo, Ohio, their water
was found to be unsafe.
214
00:14:44,425 --> 00:14:46,719
Pesticide runoff threatens
drinking water...
215
00:14:46,802 --> 00:14:48,470
...high concentrations of nitrate...
216
00:14:48,554 --> 00:14:49,722
...phosphates, pollution.
217
00:14:49,805 --> 00:14:51,849
They've never had nitrate levels
this high.
218
00:14:51,932 --> 00:14:54,143
[male newscaster 3] Health officials
are recommending that pregnant women
219
00:14:54,226 --> 00:14:56,770
and children under six months old
not drink the water...
220
00:14:56,854 --> 00:14:58,230
[male newscaster 3]
What flows in those fields
221
00:14:58,314 --> 00:15:00,190
is having a disastrous consequence
222
00:15:00,274 --> 00:15:02,026
on human and aquatic health.
223
00:15:02,985 --> 00:15:06,280
[Fred] We have to begin to look at
what's gonna help solve this.
224
00:15:06,405 --> 00:15:10,743
And so here again,
planting crops in a diverse rotation,
225
00:15:10,826 --> 00:15:13,162
it restores the biological health of soil.
226
00:15:13,245 --> 00:15:14,622
And as a result,
227
00:15:14,705 --> 00:15:15,956
you're gonna have less flooding
228
00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:18,292
because you got more water
going into the soil.
229
00:15:18,709 --> 00:15:20,127
And then during the drought periods,
230
00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:23,380
you're gonna have more moisture
in the soil to sustain the plants.
231
00:15:26,383 --> 00:15:28,886
So there's a number of things we know
how to do and can do.
232
00:15:29,011 --> 00:15:31,513
But farmers are under
this enormous pressure,
233
00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:35,809
you know, to produce as much as possible
and the good/bad news is that
234
00:15:35,893 --> 00:15:37,311
we can't do this much longer
235
00:15:37,394 --> 00:15:40,731
because we're using up
the natural resources
236
00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:44,026
that we've used to sustain
this kind of system.
237
00:15:44,735 --> 00:15:46,487
Even the Ogallala Aquifer,
238
00:15:46,570 --> 00:15:48,948
which is one of the largest Aquifers
on the planet,
239
00:15:49,031 --> 00:15:52,743
and provides irrigation water
for the heartland.
240
00:15:52,826 --> 00:15:55,079
Everything from Southern South Dakota
to Texas.
241
00:15:56,038 --> 00:15:57,831
At the rate that we're
drawing it down now,
242
00:15:57,915 --> 00:16:00,459
they're predicting that it will only have
water available
243
00:16:00,542 --> 00:16:02,336
for irrigation for another 20 years.
244
00:16:08,175 --> 00:16:11,345
[man 6] There's a 120 million acres
of corn and soy rotations.
245
00:16:12,054 --> 00:16:15,641
But no farmer goes out there
planting corn and soy rotations,
246
00:16:15,891 --> 00:16:17,893
because they're in love with corn and soy.
247
00:16:18,769 --> 00:16:20,312
I've actually never met 'em.
248
00:16:21,730 --> 00:16:23,482
What I've met is farmers who do that
249
00:16:23,565 --> 00:16:26,068
because the whole system
is geared towards corn/soy.
250
00:16:26,443 --> 00:16:29,071
From the tractors to the seeders,
to the elevators,
251
00:16:29,154 --> 00:16:31,198
it's all built around that system.
252
00:16:34,201 --> 00:16:38,163
We better figure out how to create
an economy for those truly sunk costs
253
00:16:38,247 --> 00:16:40,708
which are the crops
that are part of rotations.
254
00:16:41,625 --> 00:16:43,544
And as a chef, I feel the responsibility
255
00:16:44,253 --> 00:16:47,339
to create something so delicious
that you create a market for it.
256
00:16:50,843 --> 00:16:53,721
I created this dish called,
"Rotation Risotto,"
257
00:16:53,804 --> 00:16:56,140
it's the nose to tail eating of the farm.
258
00:16:57,016 --> 00:16:59,184
What does it mean to eat the whole farm?
259
00:16:59,768 --> 00:17:01,687
And that's where I think a chef,
260
00:17:02,021 --> 00:17:04,898
and ultimately a culture
can play a huge influence
261
00:17:04,982 --> 00:17:08,235
on a system of agriculture
that sustains itself
262
00:17:08,318 --> 00:17:09,695
and that then,
263
00:17:09,903 --> 00:17:12,698
you know, drives home the point
of what is true sustainability.
264
00:17:30,799 --> 00:17:33,135
[Marty] Spring is my most favorite time
of year.
265
00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:38,849
It is this incredible energy flow,
266
00:17:39,475 --> 00:17:40,976
up out of the ground
267
00:17:42,269 --> 00:17:43,812
almost all at once.
268
00:17:46,231 --> 00:17:49,068
It's not just the seeds
we plant coming up,
269
00:17:49,902 --> 00:17:53,155
but it's the push of the buds
of the trees,
270
00:17:55,032 --> 00:17:57,534
it's almost everything coming alive again.
271
00:17:58,577 --> 00:18:00,579
And honestly, it's people, too.
272
00:18:07,336 --> 00:18:08,879
It is that period of time
273
00:18:08,962 --> 00:18:11,298
that things look very rosy usually.
274
00:18:22,267 --> 00:18:24,228
Today we're planting potatoes.
275
00:18:24,311 --> 00:18:27,439
And, it's cold and blustery
out of the north,
276
00:18:27,689 --> 00:18:29,358
but, at least it's sunny.
277
00:18:29,525 --> 00:18:31,026
We could go a little faster.
278
00:18:33,028 --> 00:18:35,239
If you keep a potato in the dark
279
00:18:35,322 --> 00:18:39,451
and keep it longer than
you usually should maybe,
280
00:18:39,660 --> 00:18:42,746
it starts to get those
little eyes on it and it starts to sprout.
281
00:18:42,830 --> 00:18:45,541
Well, that's what creates the new potato.
282
00:18:52,923 --> 00:18:55,968
As Kris, Will, and I began talking
about this farm,
283
00:18:56,468 --> 00:18:59,096
we felt like we needed to create
a different vision
284
00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:00,556
for what it was to become.
285
00:19:01,723 --> 00:19:05,394
When the settlers first came,
they had to be sustainable
286
00:19:05,644 --> 00:19:07,813
to create food for themselves.
287
00:19:08,856 --> 00:19:11,358
We wanted to recreate a part of that.
288
00:19:11,733 --> 00:19:15,612
Not just growing crops
for commodity markets,
289
00:19:15,737 --> 00:19:18,323
but growing crops
that we could actually eat
290
00:19:18,407 --> 00:19:22,286
and that we could sell to the community
at large.
291
00:19:24,079 --> 00:19:26,039
What we want it to be about was
292
00:19:26,290 --> 00:19:27,958
a change in our food system.
293
00:19:41,805 --> 00:19:45,267
We began our farm enterprise
294
00:19:45,392 --> 00:19:48,604
basically around the wild ramp season.
295
00:19:49,313 --> 00:19:53,233
Wild ramps are like
a wild onion or a wild leek
296
00:19:53,317 --> 00:19:56,737
that grow natively in the woods
through the Midwest
297
00:19:56,820 --> 00:19:58,280
and through the south.
298
00:19:59,948 --> 00:20:02,701
We would harvest about
a 1000 pounds a week.
299
00:20:03,368 --> 00:20:07,206
And we found a distributor in Michigan
that would take all we could do.
300
00:20:08,415 --> 00:20:10,083
We also realized that,
301
00:20:10,417 --> 00:20:13,045
we were supplying him
and he was just the middleman.
302
00:20:14,671 --> 00:20:16,590
Shortly after that a friend of ours
303
00:20:16,673 --> 00:20:19,968
invited us to a chef's
collaborative meeting in Chicago.
304
00:20:20,427 --> 00:20:23,555
But I remember now,
there were only maybe, a half dozen chefs.
305
00:20:24,348 --> 00:20:25,849
They were all the main guys.
306
00:20:26,350 --> 00:20:28,602
And all of them said, "Call us."
307
00:20:29,144 --> 00:20:30,896
At the end of ramp season,
308
00:20:30,979 --> 00:20:33,357
Nearly every chef asked,
309
00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:34,650
"So what else do you have?"
310
00:20:35,359 --> 00:20:38,320
And we said, "We don't have anything,
but we'll grow whatever you want."
311
00:20:39,488 --> 00:20:40,864
That's how it started.
312
00:20:41,114 --> 00:20:43,325
And they began to provide us
313
00:20:43,408 --> 00:20:46,036
with the lists of things
that they would like to have.
314
00:20:49,706 --> 00:20:52,834
What we do is spend time
315
00:20:52,918 --> 00:20:57,464
researching as many different,
weird and new things that we could find,
316
00:20:57,839 --> 00:20:59,383
from all over the world,
317
00:20:59,716 --> 00:21:01,426
all different kinds of tomatoes,
318
00:21:02,135 --> 00:21:03,512
kohlrabi, celeries.
319
00:21:03,971 --> 00:21:07,057
We've got some Mexican broccoli
that's coming,
320
00:21:07,474 --> 00:21:11,270
just as much variety
as we can possibly do.
321
00:21:17,234 --> 00:21:20,946
One of our first chefs
that we developed a relationship with
322
00:21:21,029 --> 00:21:22,239
was Rick Bayless.
323
00:21:25,450 --> 00:21:28,036
Rick has been incredibly supportive
324
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:30,789
of not just our farm,
but farmers in general.
325
00:21:34,167 --> 00:21:35,544
[Rick] We have been buying
326
00:21:36,003 --> 00:21:39,339
this Iroquois White Corn
from the Iroquois nation,
327
00:21:39,923 --> 00:21:43,385
and it was done
in a very traditional style.
328
00:21:43,552 --> 00:21:44,803
And then all of a sudden they announced
329
00:21:44,886 --> 00:21:46,471
that they weren't going
to grow it anymore.
330
00:21:46,805 --> 00:21:49,016
I said that to Marty and Kris,
331
00:21:49,099 --> 00:21:52,644
who, of course immediately said, "Okay,
we're just gonna go find that corn
332
00:21:52,728 --> 00:21:53,937
and then we can maybe grow it."
333
00:21:57,899 --> 00:22:00,569
[Marty] It took nearly two years,
334
00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:06,241
to be able to find enough seed to plant
eight 200 foot rows.
335
00:22:06,742 --> 00:22:11,163
And we had roughly 63 pounds of corn.
336
00:22:12,289 --> 00:22:14,750
And he said on his counter in the kitchen
at the restaurant,
337
00:22:14,833 --> 00:22:16,918
and almost cried, he said, "This is it."
338
00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:22,758
The processing of the dried corn
was one of the things
339
00:22:22,841 --> 00:22:24,843
that gave it it's unique character.
340
00:22:25,135 --> 00:22:27,179
So they preserved the seed,
341
00:22:27,637 --> 00:22:30,557
but then they also preserved the culture
342
00:22:30,891 --> 00:22:34,102
of processing that corn, which I think is,
343
00:22:34,352 --> 00:22:37,397
an incredibly valuable part
of that whole equation.
344
00:22:44,780 --> 00:22:49,493
Everybody's familiar with the garlic bulb
but not everybody does green garlic.
345
00:22:51,453 --> 00:22:56,041
This gives us something early
in the spring to take to the chefs.
346
00:22:56,625 --> 00:22:59,294
We get a good amount per pound
347
00:23:00,087 --> 00:23:01,463
and it's a lot less work.
348
00:23:03,340 --> 00:23:06,760
Economically, we've made
a conscious effort,
349
00:23:06,968 --> 00:23:10,847
to not buy brand new equipment,
just save our own seeds,
350
00:23:11,556 --> 00:23:14,935
you know, to be cognizant of our inputs.
351
00:23:15,852 --> 00:23:16,937
And it's worked.
352
00:23:17,437 --> 00:23:21,525
But, it's at the scale
of what we can accomplish
353
00:23:21,608 --> 00:23:23,360
and what we are comfortable with.
354
00:23:28,073 --> 00:23:31,451
The size of our farm is 160 acres.
355
00:23:31,576 --> 00:23:33,829
That's really, really small,
356
00:23:33,995 --> 00:23:37,791
compared to the conventional farms
around here.
357
00:23:38,625 --> 00:23:41,753
A lot of the guys around here would farm
358
00:23:41,837 --> 00:23:46,174
a 1000 to 3000 plus acres.
359
00:23:46,424 --> 00:23:50,929
They probably could not make a living
just on farming a 160 acres.
360
00:23:51,096 --> 00:23:53,140
[Will] You know, they get a bad corn crop,
361
00:23:53,223 --> 00:23:55,517
they're complaining that the crop is trash
362
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,394
but their prices go way up.
363
00:23:58,353 --> 00:24:01,022
Now they've got
a really amazing corn crop,
364
00:24:01,231 --> 00:24:04,943
and they're complaining because the prices
are falling off the bottom.
365
00:24:05,026 --> 00:24:07,737
I mean, that's what happens though
when you relying on somebody else
366
00:24:07,863 --> 00:24:09,614
to set the prices for everything.
367
00:24:13,493 --> 00:24:16,830
If the conventional farmers around here
did not get subsidies,
368
00:24:17,622 --> 00:24:19,124
they wouldn't be able to make it.
369
00:24:19,374 --> 00:24:23,920
This year our average per acre
was somewhere around 2200 an acre.
370
00:24:24,963 --> 00:24:28,842
They're making $400 an acre, maybe.
371
00:24:29,259 --> 00:24:33,138
You know, you look at that
against their cost of everything,
372
00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:36,349
there's not a huge profit margin
there for 'em.
373
00:24:41,229 --> 00:24:46,526
[Marty] Most of our neighbors
are really focused on high yields.
374
00:24:46,985 --> 00:24:48,570
That's what pays their bills.
375
00:24:50,363 --> 00:24:51,406
For us,
376
00:24:52,574 --> 00:24:55,577
it's more about quality, quality, quality.
377
00:24:55,744 --> 00:25:01,124
And then, it's the relationship
that we have with our chefs,
378
00:25:01,374 --> 00:25:04,669
that has sustained us long term.
379
00:25:06,087 --> 00:25:08,465
If we're going to make a profit,
380
00:25:08,548 --> 00:25:10,967
you gotta pay attention
to all of those pieces.
381
00:25:14,429 --> 00:25:18,600
[man 7] I think the message
that the agricultural community stresses
382
00:25:18,850 --> 00:25:20,769
is that chemistry
383
00:25:21,102 --> 00:25:24,189
will create higher yields
and feed the world.
384
00:25:25,815 --> 00:25:27,859
Organic growers on the other hand,
385
00:25:28,235 --> 00:25:31,696
rely on a very important,
well respected science,
386
00:25:31,863 --> 00:25:32,948
it's called biology.
387
00:25:33,615 --> 00:25:35,408
And biology means life.
388
00:25:35,617 --> 00:25:40,413
And we talk about life,
then we go back, all the way to the soil.
389
00:25:43,416 --> 00:25:44,834
[man 8] We're in our Farming Systems Trial
390
00:25:44,918 --> 00:25:47,837
and we're in a project that compares
conventional and organic,
391
00:25:48,338 --> 00:25:49,923
These are Roundup Ready soybeans.
392
00:25:50,382 --> 00:25:52,884
They were drilled into the ground here,
you can see it looks quite different
393
00:25:53,468 --> 00:25:54,761
from the Organic No-Till.
394
00:25:55,345 --> 00:25:58,014
This is treated
with chemical salt-based fertilizers
395
00:25:58,390 --> 00:26:00,475
and also with herbicides.
396
00:26:01,476 --> 00:26:04,562
The herbicide is not designed
to kill life in the soil,
397
00:26:05,063 --> 00:26:07,232
but it's like a side effect,
it just happens.
398
00:26:09,734 --> 00:26:14,322
There's always the push-back,
from the industrial model.
399
00:26:17,367 --> 00:26:18,994
Organic can't feed the world.
400
00:26:22,038 --> 00:26:23,748
And after 34 years,
401
00:26:24,124 --> 00:26:25,375
not three or four,
402
00:26:25,834 --> 00:26:27,502
thirty-four years later,
403
00:26:27,919 --> 00:26:31,089
our data shows that yields are the same.
404
00:26:31,172 --> 00:26:33,049
Conventional right next to organic.
405
00:26:35,885 --> 00:26:37,512
When the soil is healthy,
406
00:26:37,887 --> 00:26:42,684
we have shown that yields are improved
in the organic trials
407
00:26:42,767 --> 00:26:47,147
when there's issues of drought,
up to 31 percent higher yields.
408
00:26:47,731 --> 00:26:50,567
So there's the beauty
of growing with life.
409
00:26:55,405 --> 00:26:58,325
In 2014, we created a White Paper
410
00:26:59,034 --> 00:27:02,954
that identified
"regenerative organic agriculture"
411
00:27:03,288 --> 00:27:06,207
as the answer to reversing climate change.
412
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:09,002
And here's how simple it is,
here's how it works.
413
00:27:13,131 --> 00:27:16,926
Green plants take in carbon dioxide
out of the air,
414
00:27:19,346 --> 00:27:21,890
take it up into their leaf, stomata,
415
00:27:22,766 --> 00:27:24,809
and turn it into a liquid.
416
00:27:27,145 --> 00:27:31,066
It's then exuded down into the soil
as simple sugars.
417
00:27:34,652 --> 00:27:39,532
They give it to the microorganisms
that live in that healthy biological soil,
418
00:27:43,286 --> 00:27:47,749
and if we don't destroy them
with tillage and chemicals,
419
00:27:50,043 --> 00:27:56,424
that carbon becomes a part of that
microorganisms molecular structure.
420
00:27:58,009 --> 00:28:01,471
And they hold that carbon
in their body for generations.
421
00:28:01,930 --> 00:28:03,890
That's called carbon sequestration.
422
00:28:07,602 --> 00:28:09,813
[Jeff] Using yield
as the sole measuring stick
423
00:28:09,979 --> 00:28:11,856
is what got us into trouble
in the first place.
424
00:28:13,274 --> 00:28:16,569
We're exchanging short-term gain
for long-term stability,
425
00:28:16,736 --> 00:28:18,738
and we wanna feed people
for thousands of years,
426
00:28:18,822 --> 00:28:20,532
and not just for 50 years.
427
00:28:22,992 --> 00:28:27,122
[Mark S.] This is really not about us,
it's about generations to come.
428
00:28:30,250 --> 00:28:32,544
It's about our children
and our grand children,
429
00:28:32,627 --> 00:28:35,046
and our great-grand children
who'd look back on us.
430
00:28:38,466 --> 00:28:41,219
They wanna know what is
the legacy that we left.
431
00:28:41,344 --> 00:28:43,638
"What did you leave behind for us?"
432
00:28:46,307 --> 00:28:50,854
We proved that you could accomplish things
previously thought to be impossible.
433
00:28:54,190 --> 00:28:55,734
And we did it for all of you.
434
00:29:02,407 --> 00:29:05,243
[man 9] I think industrial agriculture,
back in the earlier days
435
00:29:05,326 --> 00:29:06,786
when I got involved in it,
436
00:29:06,911 --> 00:29:08,246
it really made a lot of sense,
437
00:29:08,329 --> 00:29:11,750
it was really a very,
sort of seductive message
438
00:29:11,833 --> 00:29:13,460
that I thought had a lot of logic to it.
439
00:29:14,252 --> 00:29:18,006
We're going to improve the efficiency
of agricultural production,
440
00:29:18,089 --> 00:29:20,008
and provide greater food security.
441
00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:22,010
It was for the public good.
442
00:29:22,635 --> 00:29:27,265
And people like me, we believed it,
because it made economic sense.
443
00:29:28,057 --> 00:29:31,311
The problem was
that it simply didn't work.
444
00:29:33,062 --> 00:29:36,024
Food is the most basic of all human needs.
445
00:29:36,399 --> 00:29:39,861
Man can manage to live without shelter,
without clothing,
446
00:29:39,944 --> 00:29:41,237
even without love.
447
00:29:41,404 --> 00:29:44,699
Poverty, unpleasant as it is, is bearable.
448
00:29:45,116 --> 00:29:48,036
But man can't remain alive without food.
449
00:29:49,037 --> 00:29:52,373
[John] When we had the CBS special,
Hunger In America,
450
00:29:52,874 --> 00:29:56,586
the estimates were at that time,
that five percent of the people
451
00:29:56,795 --> 00:29:58,713
lived in food-insecure homes.
452
00:29:59,631 --> 00:30:02,842
Today, more than 15 percent of the people
in this country,
453
00:30:02,926 --> 00:30:05,094
are classified as being food-insecure.
454
00:30:05,804 --> 00:30:09,891
And more than 20 percent of our children
live in food-insecure homes.
455
00:30:10,892 --> 00:30:13,478
And the other thing
we certainly didn't anticipate,
456
00:30:14,229 --> 00:30:17,774
is that the food we're producing
with that industrial food system,
457
00:30:17,857 --> 00:30:21,152
is not healthy wholesome food,
it's making people sick.
458
00:30:24,072 --> 00:30:28,326
There's a whole range of health issues,
that are going through the ceiling
459
00:30:28,409 --> 00:30:31,329
in terms of costs and incidence
that are related to the American diet.
460
00:30:31,704 --> 00:30:33,915
You can track the increase,
the incidence of those
461
00:30:33,998 --> 00:30:36,584
back to when we began
to industrialize agriculture.
462
00:30:40,672 --> 00:30:43,049
So we started off with something
that made sense
463
00:30:43,341 --> 00:30:46,970
and I don't hold it against
the farmers that got into that system,
464
00:30:47,053 --> 00:30:48,638
I don't hold it against the educators,
465
00:30:48,721 --> 00:30:52,475
what I hold against is people
that refused to see the fact that,
466
00:30:52,559 --> 00:30:55,478
that system failed to do
what we designed it to do.
467
00:31:06,114 --> 00:31:09,158
When I was a supporter
of industrial agriculture,
468
00:31:11,286 --> 00:31:15,498
I knew that when we had specialized
standardized consolidation
469
00:31:15,790 --> 00:31:17,125
that, that meant fewer farmers.
470
00:31:19,752 --> 00:31:23,172
The idea was that we were creating
off-farm jobs
471
00:31:23,256 --> 00:31:25,967
that were higher paying
than farming had been.
472
00:31:29,304 --> 00:31:32,724
But then during the farm financial crisis
of the 1980s,
473
00:31:32,807 --> 00:31:35,810
I began to question a lot of the economics
that I had been taught.
474
00:31:39,105 --> 00:31:42,150
I couldn't understand why these farmers
would commit suicide
475
00:31:42,233 --> 00:31:43,610
when they lost their farm.
476
00:31:48,698 --> 00:31:52,452
Then I began to realize that they were
so closely connected to that farm,
477
00:31:52,535 --> 00:31:54,829
that losing a farm was losing themselves.
478
00:31:58,416 --> 00:32:00,418
It wasn't just a job.
479
00:32:06,382 --> 00:32:08,885
We were taking away the lives of people,
480
00:32:10,511 --> 00:32:14,098
and we were destroying the social lives
of rural communities.
481
00:32:14,182 --> 00:32:15,683
We were destroying cultures.
482
00:32:19,312 --> 00:32:22,273
We were destroying values
that were far more important
483
00:32:22,357 --> 00:32:26,778
than anything we ever gained from
the economic efficiency of agriculture.
484
00:32:39,374 --> 00:32:42,335
Sustainability, ultimately
is an ethical issue.
485
00:32:45,088 --> 00:32:50,969
There's no economic reason to do anything
for some person or some future generation,
486
00:32:51,344 --> 00:32:53,596
other than, it's the right thing to do.
487
00:32:57,058 --> 00:33:00,853
We need to realize that we owe a debt
to those of the past
488
00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:03,856
that created the opportunities
that we have today,
489
00:33:03,940 --> 00:33:06,734
and we can only repay that debt
to people of the future.
490
00:33:09,570 --> 00:33:13,116
But with every payment of that debt,
our life becomes better.
491
00:33:16,828 --> 00:33:19,664
Because we fulfill a part of our purpose
for being here.
492
00:33:24,502 --> 00:33:26,421
[Marty] My understanding is that
493
00:33:26,796 --> 00:33:29,132
I'm approaching the age
of the average farmer.
494
00:33:30,091 --> 00:33:31,092
Upper 50s.
495
00:33:32,093 --> 00:33:34,554
And here in the Midwest,
496
00:33:35,138 --> 00:33:38,433
you don't see
every little farming community,
497
00:33:39,017 --> 00:33:43,438
you know, bustling and being vibrant
and surviving.
498
00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:48,026
So, many of the conventional folks,
even in our community,
499
00:33:48,943 --> 00:33:50,361
they're having a hard time
500
00:33:50,570 --> 00:33:53,239
telling their kids to stay
on the farm, and...
501
00:33:53,948 --> 00:33:58,953
even having enough income for them
to be able to make a life there.
502
00:33:59,662 --> 00:34:01,831
Shirley, you're awake and early.
503
00:34:02,081 --> 00:34:04,250
-Yeah, can you believe it?
-No.
504
00:34:04,542 --> 00:34:07,086
[Marty] And that's where
Kris and I really began
505
00:34:07,170 --> 00:34:11,424
to think about founding an organization
that worked as a group,
506
00:34:12,425 --> 00:34:17,638
so that there were opportunities
for folks who wish to stay on their farms.
507
00:34:18,347 --> 00:34:22,977
That's what we did in 2005
by creating the Stewards of the Land.
508
00:34:25,980 --> 00:34:29,400
Part of what I wanted
to do tonight is try to...
509
00:34:30,610 --> 00:34:33,029
understand what everybody wants to do,
510
00:34:33,654 --> 00:34:36,240
and how we can work together so that
511
00:34:36,449 --> 00:34:39,702
we're not all doing it at the same time.
Dose that make sense?
512
00:34:40,036 --> 00:34:42,955
The Stewards group works together
513
00:34:43,581 --> 00:34:47,001
as a co-operative model,
marketing their own things,
514
00:34:47,335 --> 00:34:50,630
In that way, when our chefs are looking at
what's on the list,
515
00:34:50,713 --> 00:34:54,175
they're not getting emails
from 25 different farms,
516
00:34:54,258 --> 00:34:56,469
they're getting it
from one group of farmers.
517
00:34:56,552 --> 00:34:58,679
How many of you would like
to grow spinach?
518
00:35:00,681 --> 00:35:01,974
Shirley, okay.
519
00:35:02,266 --> 00:35:04,352
We're all doing it chemical free.
520
00:35:04,727 --> 00:35:06,896
We're trying to create better soils.
521
00:35:07,271 --> 00:35:08,981
If it absolutely doesn't work,
522
00:35:09,315 --> 00:35:12,944
it doesn't work, then he's gonna have
to serve okra or something else.
523
00:35:15,029 --> 00:35:17,824
Building that co-operative model,
524
00:35:18,324 --> 00:35:22,578
has allowed us to expand exponentially.
525
00:35:22,662 --> 00:35:26,916
We'd have need for 40 cases of sweet corn
526
00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:29,877
delivered on July 8th.
527
00:35:30,211 --> 00:35:31,671
If they don't mind if it's frozen...
528
00:35:31,754 --> 00:35:33,214
-[Marty] Yeah.
-That's really great.
529
00:35:34,090 --> 00:35:35,675
I'm Beth Rinkenberger.
530
00:35:35,758 --> 00:35:38,636
Doug and I have Garden Gate Farm
by Fairbury, Illinois,
531
00:35:39,595 --> 00:35:43,099
and we've been in the Stewards group
since 2008.
532
00:35:48,563 --> 00:35:51,065
[Doug] Having been raised on a farm,
533
00:35:51,816 --> 00:35:54,277
that's all I've ever known
since I was five.
534
00:35:54,944 --> 00:35:56,988
To me there's no better way of life.
535
00:35:57,280 --> 00:36:01,033
We actually kept growing four to five
different colored carrots here.
536
00:36:01,284 --> 00:36:03,828
When I got in touch
with the Stewards Of The Land,
537
00:36:03,911 --> 00:36:06,914
I could see that we could use
what we have here
538
00:36:07,206 --> 00:36:08,749
for what Marty was wanting.
539
00:36:09,667 --> 00:36:12,503
At that point, I was excited
to be able to find
540
00:36:12,670 --> 00:36:14,422
my niche on this farm.
541
00:36:14,630 --> 00:36:17,258
You should have seen the look
on the local farmer's face
542
00:36:17,341 --> 00:36:20,887
when I told him that we were picking
lambsquarter and sending it to Frontera.
543
00:36:21,679 --> 00:36:24,056
To the tune of 40 pounds a week
for a while.
544
00:36:24,807 --> 00:36:25,933
Couldn't believe it,
545
00:36:26,601 --> 00:36:28,186
'cause they'd spray Roundup and kill it.
546
00:36:36,527 --> 00:36:38,070
The April meeting
of the Stewards of the Land
547
00:36:38,154 --> 00:36:39,572
was held at the Zschech's home
548
00:36:40,072 --> 00:36:43,367
Kelly welcomed all who were present
and the old minutes were read by me.
549
00:36:43,910 --> 00:36:46,162
To make a living on a small family farm,
550
00:36:46,329 --> 00:36:48,789
you have to have people
that are willing to buy your product
551
00:36:49,123 --> 00:36:52,001
[Doug] Without the Stewards
and the health marketing,
552
00:36:52,168 --> 00:36:54,045
we wouldn't have had the connections.
553
00:36:54,212 --> 00:36:55,796
I was super impressed
554
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,382
that the Dwight crew worked together
this week,
555
00:36:58,758 --> 00:37:02,470
and coalesced all their orders
and Sheryl brought them.
556
00:37:02,553 --> 00:37:03,888
That's really great.
557
00:37:04,222 --> 00:37:05,765
[woman] Marty won't say this,
558
00:37:05,848 --> 00:37:09,060
but he has changed the entire face
559
00:37:09,143 --> 00:37:12,063
of local food in the Chicago area.
560
00:37:12,647 --> 00:37:14,815
Not only getting that food to Chicago,
561
00:37:14,899 --> 00:37:18,861
but teaching the farmers
that what they do is valuable.
562
00:37:20,655 --> 00:37:22,531
[Marty] You all think
you don't have anything,
563
00:37:23,324 --> 00:37:25,743
but we went to 26 different restaurants
564
00:37:25,952 --> 00:37:29,372
and we carried product
from 16 different farms this week.
565
00:37:31,040 --> 00:37:32,458
That's amazing!
566
00:37:33,626 --> 00:37:37,630
[Donna] He just hated seeing farms dying
and in trying to save his own farm
567
00:37:37,713 --> 00:37:40,883
he's managed to save a whole lot
of other farms in this area.
568
00:37:43,844 --> 00:37:45,137
[Marty] If we've done a good job
569
00:37:45,221 --> 00:37:48,057
of instilling the idea
of working together,
570
00:37:49,183 --> 00:37:52,478
can you imagine what this community
could look like in 20-30 years.
571
00:37:53,646 --> 00:37:57,066
[jubilant instrumental music playing]
572
00:38:13,874 --> 00:38:15,584
Talk about food security,
573
00:38:16,335 --> 00:38:18,045
and talk about...
574
00:38:18,838 --> 00:38:20,381
economic development.
575
00:38:21,841 --> 00:38:23,175
We've done it from within.
576
00:38:26,304 --> 00:38:28,681
You used to know your farmer,
you didn't need a label.
577
00:38:28,764 --> 00:38:31,142
You know, you knew who provided
your food for you.
578
00:38:33,728 --> 00:38:37,148
But for those who go into a grocery store
and never get to meet the farmer,
579
00:38:37,231 --> 00:38:39,191
they're trusting that label.
580
00:38:41,736 --> 00:38:43,029
And sustainable...
581
00:38:43,279 --> 00:38:44,989
Everything's sustainable now.
582
00:38:45,948 --> 00:38:49,160
You know, how is it that your pasta
is sustainable,
583
00:38:49,243 --> 00:38:52,830
and again, how is it that your blouse
is sustainable, you know, tell me.
584
00:38:53,372 --> 00:38:56,917
Sustainable for us was the day
that I was able to retire from nursing
585
00:38:57,376 --> 00:38:59,128
and work on the farm full-time.
586
00:39:01,464 --> 00:39:03,799
[man 10] Some consumers wanna feel as if
587
00:39:04,258 --> 00:39:07,470
they're supporting, you know,
their local small farmers.
588
00:39:08,763 --> 00:39:12,099
Some consumers feel
that it's more sustainable.
589
00:39:13,059 --> 00:39:16,562
Some consumers believe
that it's tastier and fresher
590
00:39:16,771 --> 00:39:18,773
if it's grown locally.
591
00:39:20,149 --> 00:39:21,734
But what isn't clear
592
00:39:22,526 --> 00:39:24,403
is "What is local?"
593
00:39:25,780 --> 00:39:29,825
On average, we found that people set about
a 100 miles.
594
00:39:30,785 --> 00:39:34,455
Processors and retailers,
they think if it's a day's drive,
595
00:39:34,914 --> 00:39:40,086
but, if Tropicana imports concentrate
from Brazil,
596
00:39:40,503 --> 00:39:42,838
and makes the juice in Florida,
597
00:39:43,464 --> 00:39:45,800
and sends it to Georgia, is that local?
598
00:39:46,133 --> 00:39:48,010
[gripping instrumental music playing]
599
00:39:48,135 --> 00:39:49,303
I don't know.
600
00:39:51,514 --> 00:39:54,225
If you have a very effective package,
601
00:39:54,809 --> 00:39:59,522
every single customer gets exposed
to that package billboard.
602
00:40:00,064 --> 00:40:01,148
And some of them buy it.
603
00:40:02,817 --> 00:40:05,611
And when they finally use it
it's sitting in front of them,
604
00:40:06,028 --> 00:40:09,156
They have an opportunity
to look at the whole package,
605
00:40:10,116 --> 00:40:14,203
and we compare that to showing
a 15-second commercial
606
00:40:14,328 --> 00:40:15,996
at nine o'clock at night.
607
00:40:16,914 --> 00:40:19,333
Packaging is where the excitement is.
608
00:40:21,085 --> 00:40:22,670
Because it's lasting.
609
00:40:23,838 --> 00:40:25,172
It hits everybody.
610
00:40:25,965 --> 00:40:27,800
It hits you again and again and again.
611
00:40:29,176 --> 00:40:32,721
And so you're seeing
more persuasive messages
612
00:40:33,264 --> 00:40:34,515
on those packages.
613
00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:39,645
There's something just inherently good
614
00:40:40,646 --> 00:40:41,939
about all-natural.
615
00:40:42,523 --> 00:40:46,152
And I always say, cyanide is all-natural.
616
00:40:48,487 --> 00:40:51,198
The food industry doesn't provide
617
00:40:51,490 --> 00:40:52,575
the complete story.
618
00:40:53,784 --> 00:40:56,620
I noticed that there are fewer calories
in a slice of bread.
619
00:40:57,538 --> 00:40:59,415
But there are also thinner slices
of bread.
620
00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:03,502
When someone says 'low-fat",
621
00:41:04,003 --> 00:41:06,380
they quite often are high
in something else.
622
00:41:06,672 --> 00:41:07,840
Like carbs.
623
00:41:08,466 --> 00:41:10,759
I mean, if you're low in fat,
low in carbs,
624
00:41:11,093 --> 00:41:13,721
then what the hell,
there's nothing left in the product.
625
00:41:15,014 --> 00:41:17,099
Today they're focusing more...
626
00:41:17,725 --> 00:41:19,435
on what products don't have,
627
00:41:19,727 --> 00:41:21,395
than what products do have.
628
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:25,024
[Mark B.] I think the biggest trend
is "gluten free."
629
00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:28,903
Gluten free oat meal, or gluten free rice,
or whatever
630
00:41:28,986 --> 00:41:31,489
None of which had gluten in them
ever to begin with.
631
00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:36,035
[John S.] If you ask me what's
the single biggest nutrition problem
632
00:41:36,118 --> 00:41:37,286
we have in America,
633
00:41:37,369 --> 00:41:40,414
it's that the consumer really isn't sure
634
00:41:40,873 --> 00:41:42,416
what they should or shouldn't do.
635
00:41:43,501 --> 00:41:44,793
And everyone,
636
00:41:45,044 --> 00:41:48,380
is focused on what is in
their best interest to tell people.
637
00:41:49,256 --> 00:41:51,008
It's a brand new research
to tell you about...
638
00:41:51,091 --> 00:41:52,676
[female newscaster 1]
Are these foods making us sick?
639
00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:54,053
[female newscaster 2]
Fiber and omega-3s...
640
00:41:54,136 --> 00:41:55,638
-Eat more soy.
-Superfoods...
641
00:41:55,721 --> 00:41:56,805
Soy is bad.
642
00:41:56,889 --> 00:42:00,351
[woman 2] Basic nutrition
advice could not be more boring.
643
00:42:00,434 --> 00:42:02,853
Eat your veggies,
don't eat too much junk food.
644
00:42:03,103 --> 00:42:05,231
Come on, nobody wants to hear that.
645
00:42:05,564 --> 00:42:07,566
It's much more interesting
646
00:42:07,650 --> 00:42:11,320
to hear that some additive is either going
to make you live forever,
647
00:42:11,403 --> 00:42:12,905
or kill you immediately.
648
00:42:12,988 --> 00:42:14,907
That's much more fun to read about.
649
00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:18,577
Food companies are deeply invested
650
00:42:18,661 --> 00:42:20,955
in trying to promote a favorable image
651
00:42:21,038 --> 00:42:23,249
so that people will buy their products.
652
00:42:23,624 --> 00:42:26,669
They're very focused and they've got
a lot of money to spend.
653
00:42:27,711 --> 00:42:29,880
[man 11] Right now,
the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
654
00:42:29,964 --> 00:42:32,383
is spending more money
on the child obesity problem
655
00:42:32,466 --> 00:42:35,094
than any other agency
or government in the world.
656
00:42:35,344 --> 00:42:37,137
About a $100 million a year.
657
00:42:39,265 --> 00:42:42,226
The food industry spends
a 100 million dollars a year
658
00:42:43,227 --> 00:42:44,770
by January 4th,
659
00:42:45,479 --> 00:42:49,525
just marketing just unhealthy foods,
just to children.
660
00:43:01,245 --> 00:43:04,206
[Marty] Summer it's a season
that's coming fast.
661
00:43:05,666 --> 00:43:09,545
You're watching everything
just green up around you.
662
00:43:10,588 --> 00:43:13,549
Intensely green.
All different colors of green.
663
00:43:14,049 --> 00:43:18,637
And the sunlight hours are really long,
you get long days,
664
00:43:19,805 --> 00:43:20,806
short nights.
665
00:43:21,974 --> 00:43:23,350
It's a time of...
666
00:43:23,767 --> 00:43:25,185
like intensity,
667
00:43:25,603 --> 00:43:26,979
lots of intensity.
668
00:43:29,064 --> 00:43:31,275
It's the bounty
that we've been waiting for.
669
00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:39,325
We try to pick our greens
670
00:43:40,784 --> 00:43:43,454
in the mornings
when it's still fairly cool out
671
00:43:43,537 --> 00:43:45,122
so they don't get all wilty.
672
00:43:45,831 --> 00:43:48,542
This week, our delivery list
673
00:43:48,626 --> 00:43:50,753
we're taking snow peas, turnips,
674
00:43:50,836 --> 00:43:52,463
agretti, fennel flowers
675
00:43:52,713 --> 00:43:56,383
just a whole menage
of really kind of weird stuff.
676
00:44:02,806 --> 00:44:05,351
They're green beans but they're called
empress green beans.
677
00:44:06,310 --> 00:44:07,603
Empress is the kind.
678
00:44:08,937 --> 00:44:10,522
When they start to get that size,
679
00:44:12,399 --> 00:44:13,734
they get the seeds in 'em,
680
00:44:14,485 --> 00:44:15,819
that's only when they're too big.
681
00:44:15,903 --> 00:44:17,696
These are the best ones,
these little guys.
682
00:44:19,114 --> 00:44:20,240
They're the best ones.
683
00:44:22,826 --> 00:44:24,662
This is one of our trade-up jobs.
684
00:44:27,373 --> 00:44:29,416
Will hates doing beans so...
685
00:44:30,250 --> 00:44:33,587
I'll say, "Okay, you do the garlic,
you dig the garlic and I'll do the beans,"
686
00:44:33,671 --> 00:44:35,297
because I don't like to dig the garlic.
687
00:44:37,091 --> 00:44:38,676
I don't like picking beans at all.
688
00:44:41,136 --> 00:44:43,472
Marty gets out of a lot of stuff
he doesn't like.
689
00:44:45,307 --> 00:44:47,810
[Marty] On a small, diversified farm,
690
00:44:48,644 --> 00:44:53,899
it's important to have
great communication with your co-workers.
691
00:44:56,235 --> 00:45:00,531
We try out best to support each other
as best we can.
692
00:45:00,823 --> 00:45:03,492
However, they think
that I get the cushy jobs.
693
00:45:06,328 --> 00:45:08,330
[Will] I don't know if Dad tries
to get out of a lot of things.
694
00:45:08,414 --> 00:45:09,957
He does get out of a lot things,
695
00:45:10,082 --> 00:45:12,376
but I don't know
if it's on purpose or not.
696
00:45:14,002 --> 00:45:16,088
Milling is not necessarily
getting out anything,
697
00:45:16,171 --> 00:45:20,175
we don't like milling, so he can stand
in the mill room and do all that.
698
00:45:21,218 --> 00:45:22,469
He does a lot.
699
00:45:22,636 --> 00:45:24,054
How much are you talking, a week?
700
00:45:24,638 --> 00:45:27,349
But he really enjoys
talking on the phone and emailing.
701
00:45:32,521 --> 00:45:33,897
[Marty] The job is to get it done.
702
00:45:34,481 --> 00:45:38,777
Maybe not quite to everybody's liking
all the time, but we do get it done.
703
00:45:39,695 --> 00:45:42,156
I did get to help her pick beans
yesterday, you know.
704
00:45:50,080 --> 00:45:53,000
[somber instrumental music playing]
705
00:45:55,627 --> 00:45:57,963
It's not just about us,
706
00:45:58,714 --> 00:46:02,050
it's not about Spence Farm,
it's not about Marty, Kris, and Will.
707
00:46:05,804 --> 00:46:09,433
It's about creating an awareness
708
00:46:09,975 --> 00:46:13,145
that we all are engaged
709
00:46:13,687 --> 00:46:16,523
and reliant on farms,
710
00:46:16,607 --> 00:46:18,442
from where our food comes from.
711
00:46:26,909 --> 00:46:31,038
When we began we were taking product
to the local grocery store,
712
00:46:32,539 --> 00:46:37,711
and one day, one of our neighbors
that lives about four miles over,
713
00:46:38,128 --> 00:46:39,379
she stopped us,
714
00:46:40,172 --> 00:46:41,340
and she says,
715
00:46:42,508 --> 00:46:44,760
"Don't stop doing what you do,
716
00:46:45,552 --> 00:46:47,137
you're keeping me alive."
717
00:46:49,598 --> 00:46:51,350
And she says, "I've got cancer.
718
00:46:53,644 --> 00:46:58,565
I buy as much stuff as I can possibly get
from you guys
719
00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:03,487
because I know it's chemical-free,
it's healthy and it's good for me,
720
00:47:04,905 --> 00:47:06,949
and you're keeping me alive."
721
00:47:12,996 --> 00:47:15,749
It's even more important
for us at that point,
722
00:47:16,124 --> 00:47:20,671
to realize the scope of what we're doing
and why we're doing it,
723
00:47:23,423 --> 00:47:26,218
and to do the very, very best
that we can possibly do.
724
00:47:30,305 --> 00:47:34,768
It's a noble calling to be able to provide
food for your fellow human beings.
725
00:47:44,444 --> 00:47:45,821
[birds chirping]
726
00:47:52,327 --> 00:47:56,456
We had Greg Wade
from Publican Quality Bakery,
727
00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:57,791
come down and help us.
728
00:47:58,959 --> 00:48:02,546
We welcome the extra help
anytime, honestly.
729
00:48:04,464 --> 00:48:07,676
[Greg] I like visiting Spence Farm
as often as I can.
730
00:48:08,218 --> 00:48:11,013
It removes me from
the hustle and bustle of Chicago,
731
00:48:11,096 --> 00:48:13,849
and it strips away
all of that superfluous nonsense
732
00:48:13,932 --> 00:48:15,517
that for some reason, matters here.
733
00:48:16,560 --> 00:48:20,731
If Marty has a bunch
of tomato stakes to pound in,
734
00:48:20,939 --> 00:48:22,399
you know, I'll go down and help him.
735
00:48:28,572 --> 00:48:30,032
[Marty] Our chefs that come,
736
00:48:31,033 --> 00:48:35,245
they're getting to reconnect
with the farm in such a way
737
00:48:35,329 --> 00:48:37,497
that it's really hands in the dirt,
738
00:48:38,373 --> 00:48:43,629
and it gives us the opportunity to explain
why we do things a certain way.
739
00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:46,673
Along the road there,
we've got red clover.
740
00:48:46,757 --> 00:48:49,426
-We'll probably put that into buckwheat.
-[Greg] Okay.
741
00:48:49,635 --> 00:48:51,511
But it you plan on using buckwheat...
742
00:48:53,597 --> 00:48:56,642
My relationship with Marty is one
of the most important relationships
743
00:48:56,725 --> 00:48:58,518
I've ever developed.
744
00:48:59,811 --> 00:49:03,732
As I was learning how to bake with local,
fresh milled wheats,
745
00:49:03,815 --> 00:49:05,901
and other whole grains,
746
00:49:06,109 --> 00:49:09,154
he was also learning how to grow them
and together we were kind of learning
747
00:49:09,237 --> 00:49:10,947
how to store and mill them
748
00:49:11,031 --> 00:49:13,950
and there's been a pretty dynamic process
from there.
749
00:49:17,829 --> 00:49:20,082
We're both inspiring each other
to be better.
750
00:49:20,707 --> 00:49:22,334
This is the White Sonora here.
751
00:49:22,417 --> 00:49:25,921
This is amazing.
Have you looked at it close?
752
00:49:26,129 --> 00:49:28,006
-You know I have tiller in them
-Is it, really?
753
00:49:28,090 --> 00:49:29,466
It's amazing!
754
00:49:29,966 --> 00:49:33,595
[Marty] Greg's interested
in lots of ancient grains
755
00:49:33,804 --> 00:49:38,016
spelled to different oats,
to different heirloom wheats
756
00:49:38,308 --> 00:49:41,728
many, many different kinds of ingredients
that he could utilize.
757
00:49:42,229 --> 00:49:44,147
[Greg] I like the story
about the einkorn as well.
758
00:49:44,272 --> 00:49:46,316
It took a lot of searching to find it.
759
00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:48,485
I'm glad that you did though.
I think it's important
760
00:49:48,568 --> 00:49:51,697
for us as bakers,
for us as a community like,
761
00:49:51,988 --> 00:49:53,448
you know, I just want this around.
762
00:49:53,699 --> 00:49:55,033
[Marty] This year, we're growing
763
00:49:55,283 --> 00:49:59,621
an ancient, ancient variety
of wheat called einkorn.
764
00:49:59,705 --> 00:50:04,167
It's a variety that goes back
10,000 some years.
765
00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:08,505
You know, this is something
that really has benefit to a lot of folks.
766
00:50:08,630 --> 00:50:11,591
It does. I mean, like I was able
to make a really tasty bread out of it
767
00:50:11,675 --> 00:50:15,137
like, awesome texture, awesome flavor,
and have it still be fully gluten-less
768
00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:18,432
and we fed it to gluten intolerant people
and they were completely fine.
769
00:50:18,890 --> 00:50:20,267
If einkorn is
770
00:50:20,684 --> 00:50:25,230
able to be used by folks
who have this gluten sensitivities,
771
00:50:25,605 --> 00:50:30,110
Greg can turn that einkorn
into an amazing bread.
772
00:50:30,819 --> 00:50:33,530
And all of a sudden,
we've opened up a new world
773
00:50:33,822 --> 00:50:36,658
of local nutrient dense,
774
00:50:37,075 --> 00:50:41,455
ancient grain flavors
to folks who are missing that.
775
00:50:41,788 --> 00:50:44,082
-This is exciting stuff.
-[Greg] I'm so stoked.
776
00:50:46,585 --> 00:50:48,754
[Dan] If we really want
to change the food system,
777
00:50:49,212 --> 00:50:53,175
talking about vegetables
and fruits is not gonna cut it.
778
00:50:53,341 --> 00:50:54,593
It's important
779
00:50:55,051 --> 00:50:58,805
But fruits and vegetables represent
about six percent of our agriculture.
780
00:50:58,889 --> 00:51:02,100
Grains represent about 75 percent
of our agriculture.
781
00:51:02,434 --> 00:51:03,727
Our land use.
782
00:51:04,269 --> 00:51:07,314
[captivating instrumental music playing]
783
00:51:10,275 --> 00:51:12,068
The western world was built on wheat.
784
00:51:13,695 --> 00:51:15,363
Just as South America was built on corn,
785
00:51:15,447 --> 00:51:19,117
and Asian countries
for the most part were built on rice.
786
00:51:21,536 --> 00:51:23,705
But at the 60 million acres of wheat,
787
00:51:24,831 --> 00:51:27,250
we grow very few varieties,
788
00:51:28,794 --> 00:51:32,756
it is completely flavorless
and completely nutrition-less.
789
00:51:35,258 --> 00:51:37,177
Changing the food system means,
790
00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:39,888
changing the way we think about wheat.
791
00:51:41,890 --> 00:51:47,854
[woman 3] Modern wheat is bred
to have identical traits in each plant,
792
00:51:48,396 --> 00:51:50,649
and that enables a farmer
793
00:51:50,732 --> 00:51:56,071
who is growing hundreds of thousands
of acres on a maker farm,
794
00:51:56,279 --> 00:51:58,698
control exactly when to harvest,
795
00:51:58,907 --> 00:52:03,787
exactly when to irrigate, and exactly
the amount of chemicals to apply.
796
00:52:05,789 --> 00:52:07,999
But imagine you're a robber,
797
00:52:08,625 --> 00:52:09,709
and you have a key,
798
00:52:10,544 --> 00:52:12,879
you can get maybe into one house,
799
00:52:13,046 --> 00:52:16,132
but you can't get into the next house
and you can't the next house.
800
00:52:17,092 --> 00:52:21,763
Imagine you're a pathogen,
and all the house locks are uniform.
801
00:52:22,472 --> 00:52:25,058
You get into one,
you can get into all of them.
802
00:52:25,809 --> 00:52:27,978
That is the danger of uniformity.
803
00:52:33,149 --> 00:52:35,902
Despite the vast biodiversity,
804
00:52:36,236 --> 00:52:40,657
of landrace wheat, that has evolved
for millennia and millennia,
805
00:52:41,032 --> 00:52:44,077
who of us today has heard
of all these landrace wheats?
806
00:52:44,369 --> 00:52:46,454
Who of us knows what a landrace is?
807
00:52:46,872 --> 00:52:47,831
So...
808
00:52:48,498 --> 00:52:50,667
take the cotton out off our eyes.
809
00:52:50,750 --> 00:52:52,586
We have to realize
we've been sold to Kroc.
810
00:52:53,044 --> 00:52:58,008
And we don't have to buy in,
to a globalized industrial food system.
811
00:52:59,175 --> 00:53:03,513
[solemn instrumental music playing]
812
00:53:08,852 --> 00:53:15,108
A landrace is a population
of genetic diversity.
813
00:53:23,074 --> 00:53:25,577
Year by year, generation by generation,
814
00:53:25,702 --> 00:53:30,081
farmers selected and saved the seeds
of plants that did best in that locality,
815
00:53:30,165 --> 00:53:34,169
but, farmers never selected
from uniformity.
816
00:53:34,294 --> 00:53:36,922
Every landrace is a mixture.
817
00:53:40,592 --> 00:53:45,639
You see movement, sun and light and air
is going into the plants
818
00:53:45,722 --> 00:53:47,557
that are varying in heights
819
00:53:47,933 --> 00:53:49,935
and if we could go under the ground,
820
00:53:50,018 --> 00:53:53,521
we would see all kinds
of teaming biological activity.
821
00:53:53,855 --> 00:53:58,443
Earthworms in soil, and mycorrhizae.
It's a teaming farm ecosystem.
822
00:54:03,156 --> 00:54:07,744
We're standing in the einkorn fields
of Klaas Martens who is a...
823
00:54:08,411 --> 00:54:10,747
wise and experience organic farmer.
824
00:54:11,039 --> 00:54:14,376
And Klaas and I are working together
to restore
825
00:54:14,501 --> 00:54:18,922
almost extinct landrace
and heritage grains and ancient grains.
826
00:54:20,131 --> 00:54:23,969
By visiting various countries,
I was able to collect einkorn
827
00:54:24,135 --> 00:54:26,930
from Bulgaria and the Caucasus and Turkey,
828
00:54:27,222 --> 00:54:29,057
where einkorn is originally from.
829
00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:35,772
And I trialled this diversity
of einkorn genotypes on my farm,
830
00:54:35,897 --> 00:54:39,901
selected the best,
and I gave Klaas Martens a handful.
831
00:54:40,151 --> 00:54:43,029
Klaas pulled this plant out.
This is one plant.
832
00:54:43,196 --> 00:54:44,864
We just want to count the tillers.
833
00:54:45,615 --> 00:54:48,326
[Klaas] We hand-harvested
that first little bit,
834
00:54:48,410 --> 00:54:52,205
and we saw an increase
of many hundreds to one.
835
00:54:52,288 --> 00:54:55,000
If we set 25 seeds times 33,
836
00:54:55,125 --> 00:54:56,084
[Eli] How much is that?
837
00:54:56,418 --> 00:54:57,669
That'd be 800 seeds.
838
00:54:57,836 --> 00:55:00,714
And the next year we had enough
to seed any amount we wanted to.
839
00:55:00,880 --> 00:55:02,507
The increase was manifold.
840
00:55:02,799 --> 00:55:05,385
Seven or eight hundred to one increase.
841
00:55:05,844 --> 00:55:08,805
Which is also a stark contrast
to our modern wheats
842
00:55:08,888 --> 00:55:11,474
where, if you get the 20 to one increase,
you're doing good,
843
00:55:11,558 --> 00:55:13,059
thirty to one, is bragging rights.
844
00:55:13,309 --> 00:55:17,272
So modern wheat, typically
you'd plant 30 seeds per square foot?
845
00:55:17,397 --> 00:55:19,065
-Yes.
-And einkorn, one?
846
00:55:19,441 --> 00:55:20,900
-One or two.
-One or two?
847
00:55:20,984 --> 00:55:24,154
Yes. Which is...
Doesn't work well for the seed seller.
848
00:55:25,321 --> 00:55:26,781
-Modern wheat--
-Looks great for the farmer.
849
00:55:26,865 --> 00:55:28,950
Yes. Modern wheat is great
for the seed company.
850
00:55:33,997 --> 00:55:36,583
Einkorn is the dawn of agriculture.
851
00:55:36,750 --> 00:55:41,087
At the end of the last ice age,
early farmers were discovering this grain.
852
00:55:41,629 --> 00:55:44,883
But I keep finding myself digressing
when I talk about einkorn,
853
00:55:45,508 --> 00:55:48,219
because it's not just the one crop,
it's the system.
854
00:55:48,386 --> 00:55:49,971
If we had a modern wheat field,
855
00:55:50,638 --> 00:55:52,432
the farmer believes this field
is the system,
856
00:55:52,766 --> 00:55:53,767
but he's not thinking.
857
00:55:53,850 --> 00:55:56,728
It includes land in North Africa
where the phosphorous was mined,
858
00:55:57,020 --> 00:55:59,314
parts of Canada
where the potassium was mined,
859
00:55:59,397 --> 00:56:00,774
and all the fuel that moved all of it.
860
00:56:00,857 --> 00:56:02,025
That's right.
861
00:56:02,567 --> 00:56:05,195
[Klaas] Every agronomic problem
that we face on our farm,
862
00:56:05,487 --> 00:56:08,823
has a coat solution that comes in a jug,
863
00:56:09,240 --> 00:56:11,201
is poisonous and costs a lot of money.
864
00:56:11,785 --> 00:56:13,203
I don't call that a solution.
865
00:56:13,620 --> 00:56:15,538
I've also found that every one
of those problems
866
00:56:15,622 --> 00:56:19,459
can be dealt with by improving
and increasing the amount of biodiversity.
867
00:56:21,002 --> 00:56:24,089
We first started running this farm
about 20 years ago, I think.
868
00:56:24,380 --> 00:56:26,424
And the previous renter came to me
869
00:56:26,508 --> 00:56:28,301
and he said, "Let me tell you something
about that farm,
870
00:56:28,384 --> 00:56:31,763
I've got to warn you, nothing grows there,
nothing except weeds."
871
00:56:32,388 --> 00:56:34,849
It had been farmed in an exploitive way,
872
00:56:37,727 --> 00:56:41,314
They were harsh on the soil life
and we look at this einkorn,
873
00:56:41,689 --> 00:56:44,734
it seems to be right at home,
in this hard, clayey soil.
874
00:56:48,321 --> 00:56:49,697
So it's fixing the problem.
875
00:56:50,698 --> 00:56:52,951
And one of my observations from farming,
876
00:56:53,493 --> 00:56:55,995
is that whenever we have a species
be dominant,
877
00:56:56,996 --> 00:56:59,666
it's generally the one
that's the right one for the conditions.
878
00:57:00,792 --> 00:57:02,961
And when we have a weed-takeover a field,
879
00:57:03,378 --> 00:57:06,881
it's quite often nature taking a problem
we created and trying to fix it for us.
880
00:57:08,133 --> 00:57:10,093
Only, we don't make any money
and don't feed ourselves
881
00:57:10,176 --> 00:57:11,970
while nature's trying to fix our mistakes.
882
00:57:18,768 --> 00:57:21,729
We're at a crossroads,
and I think we need to go back
883
00:57:21,813 --> 00:57:23,898
to what these early farmers did.
884
00:57:24,649 --> 00:57:28,570
If nothing else, use the crops they used
for the benefits they had to the soil.
885
00:57:29,821 --> 00:57:31,823
They're part of what makes
agriculture work.
886
00:57:32,240 --> 00:57:34,742
They're part of what keeps people healthy
and well-fed.
887
00:57:35,577 --> 00:57:39,289
But we've separated agriculture
into, agro and culture.
888
00:57:42,167 --> 00:57:44,210
We have a real need to reintegrate that.
889
00:57:53,428 --> 00:57:56,723
[Eli] The exciting potential to combine
890
00:57:56,806 --> 00:58:00,768
the rich flavor and health
of landrace grains,
891
00:58:01,019 --> 00:58:04,647
with the Artisan bread movement today,
is unlimited.
892
00:58:05,064 --> 00:58:09,277
We have a true opportunity to change
our grain food system,
893
00:58:09,360 --> 00:58:10,361
our bread system
894
00:58:10,612 --> 00:58:12,822
from this industrialized monster.
895
00:58:13,656 --> 00:58:16,784
Yeah, she's gonna finish up these,
I'm gonna final shape fruit and nut.
896
00:58:17,744 --> 00:58:20,038
And then she and I are gonna get on sours.
897
00:58:22,457 --> 00:58:24,501
Right now,
we service about 30 restaurants.
898
00:58:24,959 --> 00:58:28,046
We do about 2000 pounds of sour dough
in a week,
899
00:58:28,546 --> 00:58:31,090
about 600 pounds of multi-grain,
900
00:58:31,674 --> 00:58:34,260
for a small artisan bakery like this is...
901
00:58:34,427 --> 00:58:35,553
It's kind of a lot.
902
00:58:36,221 --> 00:58:40,099
How can the staple product
of so many cultures and religions
903
00:58:40,433 --> 00:58:43,978
have sustained life
for thousands of years,
904
00:58:44,521 --> 00:58:46,314
and now all of a sudden in 2015,
905
00:58:46,397 --> 00:58:49,692
it's not. You know?
906
00:58:53,446 --> 00:58:56,991
But look at the ingredient list
on a loaf of bread,
907
00:58:57,784 --> 00:58:59,327
packaged in the store.
908
00:58:59,410 --> 00:59:02,539
There's 50 ingredients in it
and half of them you can't pronounce
909
00:59:02,789 --> 00:59:04,624
and the other half are probably poisonous.
910
00:59:05,792 --> 00:59:07,835
You know, now look at my bread,
911
00:59:08,503 --> 00:59:09,921
with its five ingredients.
912
00:59:11,881 --> 00:59:15,051
We're in this huge celebration
of everything that's going on
913
00:59:15,134 --> 00:59:17,428
in the culinary world.
914
00:59:17,720 --> 00:59:19,347
Chefs are like rockstars these days.
915
00:59:19,430 --> 00:59:22,684
Just 'cause this is whole-grain,
doesn't mean it's not tasty.
916
00:59:23,101 --> 00:59:25,687
But, we wouldn't be able to do it
without the farmer.
917
00:59:25,937 --> 00:59:28,856
Really, the best thing that I can do
as a baker is to take
918
00:59:28,940 --> 00:59:31,734
Marty's really well grown grains
919
00:59:32,193 --> 00:59:33,486
and just not mess with them.
920
00:59:33,653 --> 00:59:35,238
I've got two starters here.
921
00:59:35,321 --> 00:59:38,074
This one from a farm.
You can see all the bubbles on top,
922
00:59:38,157 --> 00:59:40,827
you can see all the life, you know,
looks really nice and fluffy,
923
00:59:41,411 --> 00:59:46,708
and the commodity one is just really
kind of lifeless and cardboardy and stale.
924
00:59:46,833 --> 00:59:51,796
A lot of conventional bread is from
dough to loaf in about four hours,
925
00:59:53,840 --> 00:59:54,882
put that away.
926
00:59:54,966 --> 00:59:57,885
Our sour doughs and breads
take about 60 hours.
927
00:59:58,386 --> 00:59:59,846
Now watch your heads
as you come down here.
928
01:00:00,263 --> 01:00:03,516
We start soakers and preferments
on one day.
929
01:00:03,600 --> 01:00:05,518
This is our sour dough soaker.
930
01:00:05,602 --> 01:00:07,186
This will start fermenting naturally.
931
01:00:07,645 --> 01:00:10,315
Good bread in the bakehouse starts here.
932
01:00:10,648 --> 01:00:12,734
We come in the following day,
933
01:00:13,109 --> 01:00:16,154
and we incorporate them into a dough,
usually with some sour dough starter
934
01:00:16,237 --> 01:00:17,322
for leavening.
935
01:00:18,323 --> 01:00:21,534
We bulk-ferment them for about four hours
before shaping them,
936
01:00:22,827 --> 01:00:24,829
then those will ferments overnight,
in the cooler.
937
01:00:25,204 --> 01:00:29,042
So we got our sour dough, multi-grain,
olive in here,
938
01:00:29,959 --> 01:00:31,544
this is using Marty's glenn wheat.
939
01:00:32,462 --> 01:00:35,590
Everything gets baked and then cooled
and then sent out in the morning.
940
01:00:37,008 --> 01:00:41,429
It's calling singing when you actually
hear the bread crackle as it cools.
941
01:00:41,721 --> 01:00:46,309
And one of the most rewarding sounds
I've come to enjoy.
942
01:00:49,312 --> 01:00:52,565
[Eli] When natural fermentation happens,
943
01:00:53,274 --> 01:00:57,153
you don't need to do anything,
you just need to let nature come alive.
944
01:01:00,615 --> 01:01:05,370
The micro organisms
are digesting the bread
945
01:01:05,662 --> 01:01:08,748
through fermentation
and making the nutrients
946
01:01:08,873 --> 01:01:11,292
biologically available to the human being.
947
01:01:11,709 --> 01:01:13,044
Here are some of the glenn berries.
948
01:01:13,169 --> 01:01:16,339
We'll toast 'em and put 'em in bread,
we'll soak 'em and sprout 'em,
949
01:01:16,547 --> 01:01:18,675
we'll make power bars, that sort of thing.
950
01:01:18,966 --> 01:01:22,387
[Eli] Grains have a natural anti-nutrient
951
01:01:22,595 --> 01:01:28,559
and if you make flour out of grain
and don't ferment it,
952
01:01:28,643 --> 01:01:31,187
you're getting this anti-nutrient
in your system,
953
01:01:31,270 --> 01:01:34,982
which is preventing the absorption
of the nutrients in the flour.
954
01:01:35,817 --> 01:01:39,779
[classical piano music playing]
955
01:01:40,697 --> 01:01:45,493
[Marty] Greg is probably one of
the most amazing bakers
956
01:01:45,702 --> 01:01:47,412
that I've ever met.
957
01:01:50,540 --> 01:01:55,420
Greg is also one of
the most passionate bakers
958
01:01:55,670 --> 01:01:56,921
that I've ever met.
959
01:01:59,799 --> 01:02:02,760
[Greg] I was with my dad the other day,
and he had all these pictures of me
960
01:02:02,844 --> 01:02:05,179
when I was like, five, baking bread.
961
01:02:06,139 --> 01:02:07,890
Should have just realized it then but,
962
01:02:08,683 --> 01:02:10,601
it's been a thing for a while, I think.
963
01:02:19,527 --> 01:02:21,654
I love pretty much everything
about bread making.
964
01:02:25,283 --> 01:02:27,744
I love the feel of the dough,
I love smelling the grains.
965
01:02:31,164 --> 01:02:34,917
If you're on point,
it's an incredibly rewarding experience.
966
01:02:38,421 --> 01:02:41,841
You get to smell it and hear it
crack open in the oven,
967
01:02:42,967 --> 01:02:45,011
and you just feel good about it.
968
01:02:52,643 --> 01:02:57,607
What we're experiencing is
a bread renaissance.
969
01:03:01,694 --> 01:03:03,988
We're realizing just how much
we've screwed up
970
01:03:04,363 --> 01:03:07,575
as consumers, and farmers, and chefs,
971
01:03:10,495 --> 01:03:12,997
and now we're finally turning
that all around.
972
01:03:23,382 --> 01:03:28,262
[Marty] It's August 16th, time for us
to plant some of the fall-root crops.
973
01:03:29,472 --> 01:03:32,642
We had a new calf born on the 3rd of July,
974
01:03:33,392 --> 01:03:37,355
and a couple days later,
we had a litter of pigs,
975
01:03:37,438 --> 01:03:39,857
guinea hogs, born. They all look good.
976
01:03:40,900 --> 01:03:43,319
Things are coming along really well
for the animals too.
977
01:03:46,113 --> 01:03:49,408
In the beginning,
our whole farm experience
978
01:03:49,909 --> 01:03:53,079
never really included
the livestock piece of it,
979
01:03:53,746 --> 01:03:56,916
and I never would have set out
to be a pig farmer.
980
01:03:58,584 --> 01:04:04,966
But as we began this whole idea
of recreating the family farm,
981
01:04:05,091 --> 01:04:09,220
we realized that we wanted to have
some type of livestock component.
982
01:04:09,679 --> 01:04:13,224
The American guinea hog was,
in the mid 1800s,
983
01:04:13,432 --> 01:04:17,311
one of the most common homestead hogs
in the American Southeast.
984
01:04:17,770 --> 01:04:19,981
It really kind of fell out of favor
985
01:04:20,189 --> 01:04:24,026
as we began industrializing
pork production.
986
01:04:25,611 --> 01:04:29,073
In 2007, there were fewer than 200
987
01:04:29,240 --> 01:04:31,325
registered guinea hogs left in the world.
988
01:04:31,409 --> 01:04:33,828
At that point, they were more rare
than panda bears.
989
01:04:34,912 --> 01:04:39,292
We began with a seven-month old
young boar, named Sam.
990
01:04:39,375 --> 01:04:42,879
He's kind of the grand daddy
of all of our pigs at this point.
991
01:04:43,254 --> 01:04:46,090
Today, we have nearly 50 pigs.
992
01:04:47,508 --> 01:04:50,136
[Will] We put our pigs, two pigs per pen,
993
01:04:50,219 --> 01:04:53,014
and each pen is six foot by 10 foot,
994
01:04:53,097 --> 01:04:55,099
and we move those twice a day.
995
01:04:55,516 --> 01:05:00,062
We limit them to that because they will
overeat and get too fat,
996
01:05:00,563 --> 01:05:03,858
like a human, you eat too much,
you get fat and you're not healthy.
997
01:05:04,859 --> 01:05:07,570
[Marty] Our pigs are on alfalfa pasture.
998
01:05:07,945 --> 01:05:13,576
We don't have confined area of manure,
so we're able to fertilize
999
01:05:13,701 --> 01:05:18,247
some of our fields that will have
small grains on, in the years to come.
1000
01:05:19,707 --> 01:05:23,836
During the winter time our pigs
are outside in their pens
1001
01:05:24,211 --> 01:05:27,924
and we deep-bed them with straw,
feed them hay.
1002
01:05:28,049 --> 01:05:31,636
Their temperaments change so much
after you get them on the hay
1003
01:05:31,761 --> 01:05:34,597
rather than grain, they calm way down.
1004
01:05:35,097 --> 01:05:37,892
[Marty] Come spring, when they're ready
to go back out on pasture,
1005
01:05:37,975 --> 01:05:42,021
we'll take that hay and straw pack
and create our own compost.
1006
01:05:42,396 --> 01:05:46,525
So, we're able to utilize
a lot of what that pig produces.
1007
01:05:48,569 --> 01:05:53,032
It's not about trying to become
the largest guinea hog producer
1008
01:05:53,115 --> 01:05:55,242
in the United States and the Midwest.
1009
01:05:55,868 --> 01:06:01,123
It's about producing the best quality
guinea hog pork that we can.
1010
01:06:01,791 --> 01:06:06,295
And to give those guinea hogs
the best quality of life that we can.
1011
01:06:12,051 --> 01:06:16,472
[woman 4] I think a lot of people still
believe that their eggs and their meat
1012
01:06:16,555 --> 01:06:20,101
and their diary products are coming
from sort of the traditional family farm.
1013
01:06:20,226 --> 01:06:22,937
You know, we sort of think
of it as the backbone of America,
1014
01:06:23,020 --> 01:06:25,189
and we assume that's where
our food is coming from.
1015
01:06:25,439 --> 01:06:27,733
Which is of course,
quite different from the reality.
1016
01:06:34,782 --> 01:06:38,369
[John I.] These large scale confinement
animal feeding operations or CAFOs
1017
01:06:38,619 --> 01:06:40,913
are the epitome of industrial agriculture.
1018
01:06:42,999 --> 01:06:47,211
[Nicolette] You will have thousands,
or in the case of egg laying hens,
1019
01:06:47,294 --> 01:06:50,673
even over a million animals
in one building.
1020
01:06:52,091 --> 01:06:54,176
Because they're so crowded,
1021
01:06:54,260 --> 01:06:58,347
they're continuously feeding various forms
of medications, often antibiotics.
1022
01:06:58,639 --> 01:07:02,518
[John I.] A large percentage
of the livers from beef and pork,
1023
01:07:02,601 --> 01:07:05,021
have cysts on them, they're enlarged,
1024
01:07:05,354 --> 01:07:09,233
and the reason they're diseased is that
they're feeding in these high intensive,
1025
01:07:09,316 --> 01:07:10,860
high energy rations.
1026
01:07:10,943 --> 01:07:13,320
So these animals that we're eating,
1027
01:07:13,404 --> 01:07:16,615
they're not healthy animals
but they're profitable animals.
1028
01:07:19,035 --> 01:07:22,246
[Nicolette] You bring the feed often
from very long distances,
1029
01:07:22,329 --> 01:07:26,792
and you then have this enormous
waste stream coming out the other end.
1030
01:07:27,376 --> 01:07:29,587
That ends up in the water supply.
1031
01:07:29,670 --> 01:07:34,467
[John I.] One diary cow produces much
biological waste as much raw sewage
1032
01:07:34,550 --> 01:07:36,260
as 20 people.
1033
01:07:36,343 --> 01:07:39,430
So if you've got
a 1000 cow diary operation,
1034
01:07:39,513 --> 01:07:43,392
then you've got the equivalent
to a city of 20,000 people.
1035
01:07:43,768 --> 01:07:47,396
You wouldn't take the raw sewage
from 20,000 people
1036
01:07:47,480 --> 01:07:50,900
and spread it on people's back yards,
you know, spread it in the fields.
1037
01:07:51,275 --> 01:07:53,736
And that's basically what we're doing
with the manure
1038
01:07:53,819 --> 01:07:55,071
from these hog operations,
1039
01:07:55,154 --> 01:07:57,281
these cattle operations
and things of that nature.
1040
01:08:02,411 --> 01:08:05,498
Any regulations that we have
on these CAFOs
1041
01:08:05,581 --> 01:08:09,502
or any other industrial farming operations
are regulations that had been accepted
1042
01:08:09,752 --> 01:08:12,213
by what I call,
the agricultural establishment.
1043
01:08:12,755 --> 01:08:15,758
Their regulations
give them legal permission
1044
01:08:16,008 --> 01:08:19,553
to do things that we know are polluting
the natural environment
1045
01:08:19,804 --> 01:08:21,388
and threatening public health.
1046
01:08:21,639 --> 01:08:24,183
This is something that really needs
to be changed.
1047
01:08:24,517 --> 01:08:27,728
[enchanting instrumental music playing]
1048
01:08:29,438 --> 01:08:34,235
[Nicolette] There's a lot of wisdom
that was handed down over the generations
1049
01:08:34,318 --> 01:08:36,946
that was sort of tossed out
in around 1950,
1050
01:08:37,988 --> 01:08:41,242
about learning
from the way nature functions
1051
01:08:42,409 --> 01:08:44,954
Plants and animals work together,
1052
01:08:46,413 --> 01:08:47,957
diversity thrives.
1053
01:08:49,333 --> 01:08:52,211
Nothing is wasted, everything is recycled.
1054
01:08:53,921 --> 01:08:57,383
Things have to be restored continuously
1055
01:08:58,384 --> 01:09:00,469
and if you don't have that mindset,
1056
01:09:01,637 --> 01:09:05,474
then you're not gonna be part
of a sustainable food system.
1057
01:09:08,936 --> 01:09:11,397
When I was a senior attorney
for a Waterkeeper Alliance,
1058
01:09:11,480 --> 01:09:13,524
I was working for Bobby Kennedy Jr.,
1059
01:09:13,816 --> 01:09:18,112
we were suing and criticizing
industrial food production,
1060
01:09:18,195 --> 01:09:20,614
but we felt like we needed
to hold up examples
1061
01:09:20,698 --> 01:09:22,074
of the right way to do things.
1062
01:09:22,616 --> 01:09:25,828
And we learned that
the Niman Ranch network
1063
01:09:25,911 --> 01:09:29,623
was a good model both,
for the farmer and for the animal
1064
01:09:29,707 --> 01:09:32,126
and that it was producing
really good quality food.
1065
01:09:32,585 --> 01:09:37,256
And eventually, I met Bill Niman
who's the founder of Niman Ranch.
1066
01:09:38,465 --> 01:09:41,135
Come cattle!
1067
01:09:42,761 --> 01:09:45,848
Come cattle!
1068
01:09:46,182 --> 01:09:48,225
[Nicolette] This was the guy
who was kind of a hero to me,
1069
01:09:48,309 --> 01:09:50,519
because he was doing something
1070
01:09:50,603 --> 01:09:52,897
very different
from mainstream meat production.
1071
01:09:53,522 --> 01:09:55,232
Come on girls, come cattle.
1072
01:09:56,192 --> 01:09:59,695
In the late sixties I arrived
in this community.
1073
01:10:00,321 --> 01:10:04,033
There was a bunch of people
that wanted to get off the grid,
1074
01:10:04,200 --> 01:10:06,327
who wanted to raise their own food
1075
01:10:06,410 --> 01:10:08,204
and do everything we possibly could
1076
01:10:08,287 --> 01:10:11,373
without relying upon the system
which we, at that time,
1077
01:10:11,457 --> 01:10:13,083
didn't have much faith in or trust.
1078
01:10:13,417 --> 01:10:16,212
[pleasant instrumental music playing]
1079
01:10:16,295 --> 01:10:18,339
[Nicolette] As I got
to know him personally,
1080
01:10:18,422 --> 01:10:19,757
I fell in love with him
1081
01:10:19,840 --> 01:10:22,426
and eventually accepted
his marriage proposal.
1082
01:10:23,052 --> 01:10:25,262
For a vegetarian
and an environmental lawyer
1083
01:10:25,346 --> 01:10:27,765
to marry a meat producer-rancher,
1084
01:10:27,848 --> 01:10:30,893
that's obviously...
That says a lot, right?
1085
01:10:31,227 --> 01:10:33,771
There is one of the descendants
of our first cattle,
1086
01:10:33,896 --> 01:10:35,314
Nicolette, of course, describes it,
1087
01:10:35,397 --> 01:10:37,733
as one of Girlfriend's great,
great granddaughters.
1088
01:10:38,984 --> 01:10:41,862
I can remember well
the first animal we slaughtered
1089
01:10:41,987 --> 01:10:43,530
and the effect it had upon me.
1090
01:10:44,073 --> 01:10:46,575
It did inspire me to feed people
1091
01:10:46,784 --> 01:10:50,204
and I applied my entrepreneurial energy
1092
01:10:50,287 --> 01:10:53,582
to growing this business,
to feed more people,
1093
01:10:53,999 --> 01:10:57,086
one animal at a time
and after several years,
1094
01:10:57,169 --> 01:11:00,631
it became one farm at a time.
1095
01:11:02,007 --> 01:11:04,093
[Nicolette] There are many things
that distinguish
1096
01:11:04,176 --> 01:11:06,303
the Niman Ranch pork
from the mainstream pork,
1097
01:11:06,595 --> 01:11:10,766
and the more people learn about
the way mainstream pork is raised,
1098
01:11:10,849 --> 01:11:12,935
the more dissatisfied they are with it.
1099
01:11:18,691 --> 01:11:21,944
One of the things that we'd been talking
about for a long time
1100
01:11:22,027 --> 01:11:24,488
was having the cattle raised entirely
on grass.
1101
01:11:25,406 --> 01:11:29,410
And we'd been experimenting with that
for a number of years,
1102
01:11:29,493 --> 01:11:31,453
before he left Niman Ranch.
1103
01:11:31,829 --> 01:11:36,041
That was the origin of B.N. Ranch,
which is the company that we have now.
1104
01:11:36,542 --> 01:11:39,503
Our mission now is to prove
that grass-fed beef
1105
01:11:39,586 --> 01:11:42,256
can be every bit as good
as grain-finished beef,
1106
01:11:42,464 --> 01:11:45,467
and it's much better for the environment,
the animals,
1107
01:11:45,926 --> 01:11:48,220
and are really for the people who eat it.
1108
01:11:48,595 --> 01:11:53,434
This is rye, high energy,
carbohydrate grain
1109
01:11:53,517 --> 01:11:55,561
that the cattle will harvest
1110
01:11:55,853 --> 01:11:59,356
by walking around
and just clipping these seeds,
1111
01:12:00,316 --> 01:12:03,694
in the same way they would eat
a high energy grain ration in a feedlot.
1112
01:12:03,986 --> 01:12:07,197
So when you harvest grass-fed beef,
you wanna harvest them
1113
01:12:07,281 --> 01:12:10,242
when they've had exposure
for several weeks
1114
01:12:10,409 --> 01:12:12,953
to this really high energy grass.
1115
01:12:13,037 --> 01:12:16,790
Just like a bear gorging on salmon,
just before it goes into hibernation.
1116
01:12:23,714 --> 01:12:27,426
[Nicolette] Just in terms of how much land
exists on the earth,
1117
01:12:28,052 --> 01:12:30,137
between 30 and 40 percent is grassland.
1118
01:12:33,015 --> 01:12:36,060
If we think about the world food system,
1119
01:12:36,560 --> 01:12:38,771
cattle are playing
an incredibly important role
1120
01:12:38,854 --> 01:12:41,398
because they're using that 30-40 percent
1121
01:12:41,523 --> 01:12:43,567
that in the Unites States
about 85 percent of it
1122
01:12:43,650 --> 01:12:46,445
is not land that can be used
for crop production anyways.
1123
01:12:48,197 --> 01:12:50,491
Even those people who choose
not to eat meat,
1124
01:12:50,741 --> 01:12:53,035
it's still important
to maintain this landscape.
1125
01:12:53,452 --> 01:12:56,288
And by the way, if you want
to sequester carbon
1126
01:12:56,372 --> 01:12:58,123
this is the best possible way to do it.
1127
01:13:02,044 --> 01:13:05,839
[Nicolette] Where you have good grazing,
it actually stimulates vegetative growth,
1128
01:13:06,048 --> 01:13:08,425
and it keeps the soil moister,
1129
01:13:10,427 --> 01:13:14,640
but also because the hooves are trampling
organic matter back into the soil
1130
01:13:15,140 --> 01:13:16,809
leading to more carbon.
1131
01:13:16,892 --> 01:13:18,936
Going into the soil and staying the soil.
1132
01:13:25,234 --> 01:13:29,113
They are thriving on this dry,
cellulosic material
1133
01:13:29,196 --> 01:13:31,573
that we cannot eat and survive.
1134
01:13:32,574 --> 01:13:36,495
These animals can convert this
into really wholesome,
1135
01:13:36,578 --> 01:13:38,539
complete food for human consumption.
1136
01:13:41,125 --> 01:13:43,293
[Nicolette] The kind of farming
that Bill's been involved with
1137
01:13:43,377 --> 01:13:47,005
for along time has often been
characterized as niche food.
1138
01:13:48,132 --> 01:13:51,552
Neither Bill or I are really interested
in being part of a niche.
1139
01:13:52,261 --> 01:13:56,306
We want to change the way food is produced
in the United States today.
1140
01:13:56,765 --> 01:14:01,270
We want to change the way people
are eating in the United States today.
1141
01:14:07,401 --> 01:14:10,320
[Bill] I'm really hopeful
that what we're doing today,
1142
01:14:10,404 --> 01:14:12,114
everybody else will copy
1143
01:14:12,197 --> 01:14:14,408
I don't care if they put us
out of business
1144
01:14:14,491 --> 01:14:16,410
I will celebrate that other people
1145
01:14:16,493 --> 01:14:18,579
are doing what we're doing now
1146
01:14:18,704 --> 01:14:20,664
and talking about it
the way we're doing now.
1147
01:14:26,628 --> 01:14:28,088
[Nicolette] You've got to love it.
1148
01:14:29,256 --> 01:14:30,924
And if you do love it,
1149
01:14:31,008 --> 01:14:34,553
then, there's no better life,
I think for us or for our children.
1150
01:14:35,429 --> 01:14:38,223
We look at the opportunities
that they have everyday,
1151
01:14:38,974 --> 01:14:41,435
it's a wonderful way
for children to be raised.
1152
01:14:46,106 --> 01:14:48,275
[Bill] We can't torture animals for food
1153
01:14:48,358 --> 01:14:51,820
and we can't continue to poison
the environment.
1154
01:14:52,070 --> 01:14:54,865
It's just not a sustainable model.
1155
01:15:12,216 --> 01:15:16,303
[solemn instrumental music playing]
1156
01:15:21,683 --> 01:15:26,396
[Marty] Moving into the fall season
is kind of like...
1157
01:15:28,482 --> 01:15:31,902
You better hurry up and get this done,
because the end is near.
1158
01:15:33,278 --> 01:15:36,281
Once the ground freezes,
it's about game over.
1159
01:15:41,161 --> 01:15:43,372
It's also a period of abundance.
1160
01:15:46,166 --> 01:15:48,252
When we think of Thanksgiving,
1161
01:15:48,919 --> 01:15:53,090
we think of this huge table spread out
with this abundance of produce
1162
01:15:53,173 --> 01:15:54,841
and grains and meats.
1163
01:15:56,593 --> 01:15:58,095
And sometimes,
1164
01:16:00,180 --> 01:16:01,932
the weather will change,
1165
01:16:03,767 --> 01:16:10,524
and you have to leave and walk away
because that's as far as you can get.
1166
01:16:13,694 --> 01:16:15,988
There's a lot to pay attention to.
1167
01:16:19,366 --> 01:16:22,578
Some of it's luck,
some of it's gonna be skill,
1168
01:16:24,955 --> 01:16:26,957
and some of it's just gonna...
1169
01:16:27,541 --> 01:16:30,168
maybe be, by the grace of God,
that you get by.
1170
01:16:34,464 --> 01:16:37,509
But it's all part of the experience.
1171
01:16:43,849 --> 01:16:47,311
So this morning, as on many small farms,
1172
01:16:47,436 --> 01:16:49,980
you become not just a farmer
but a mechanic,
1173
01:16:50,397 --> 01:16:53,650
and it's a good thing we have Will
to be our dedicated mechanic.
1174
01:17:02,326 --> 01:17:04,369
I'm very proud of our son, Will.
1175
01:17:05,954 --> 01:17:08,790
Probably the greatest joy I have
1176
01:17:08,957 --> 01:17:12,336
is knowing that I get to spend
almost everyday with him.
1177
01:17:13,378 --> 01:17:16,465
We work together side by side,
we dream together,
1178
01:17:16,632 --> 01:17:20,260
we struggle together on many things.
1179
01:17:22,638 --> 01:17:28,101
I have just the hugest respect for him
and who he's become and is becoming.
1180
01:17:30,854 --> 01:17:33,357
[Will] I thought when I was a little kid,
I was gonna be a woodworker
1181
01:17:33,649 --> 01:17:35,609
'cause that's what Dad did.
1182
01:17:39,529 --> 01:17:42,491
Pretty much just whatever Dad was doing,
is what I wanted to do.
1183
01:17:48,163 --> 01:17:52,918
Whenever we got to spend time together,
it was always doing stuff
1184
01:17:53,794 --> 01:17:55,545
that he was really passionate about
1185
01:17:55,629 --> 01:17:59,508
and just being able to spend time
doing what he loved,
1186
01:17:59,633 --> 01:18:03,011
always seemed like a wonderful way
to spend your life.
1187
01:18:13,563 --> 01:18:18,568
[Marty] It's important to be able to get
to a certain point in your life
1188
01:18:18,652 --> 01:18:20,112
and know that
1189
01:18:20,779 --> 01:18:23,949
what you've done is not just for you.
1190
01:18:26,535 --> 01:18:30,080
And that you're able to pass the seed on,
1191
01:18:32,499 --> 01:18:35,919
and those seeds can be planted
for many, many generations.
1192
01:18:39,589 --> 01:18:43,093
Hopefully it will go on
for a very, very long time.
1193
01:18:45,887 --> 01:18:48,014
-[man] So if we can shorten this up...
-[Marty] Yeah.
1194
01:18:48,390 --> 01:18:50,517
Get a stronger frame, and...
1195
01:18:51,518 --> 01:18:54,020
Gets you a little sturdier plant,
let's say.
1196
01:18:54,688 --> 01:18:58,358
[Marty] Today we have Gary Reding
from Advancing Eco Ag.
1197
01:18:58,525 --> 01:19:01,236
He's been to the farm
a number of times this year.
1198
01:19:01,486 --> 01:19:04,740
[Gary] This tells you the genetic
potential of this particular variety,
1199
01:19:05,198 --> 01:19:07,117
so, you wanna memorize that.
1200
01:19:07,200 --> 01:19:08,452
[Marty] On the farm here,
1201
01:19:08,535 --> 01:19:13,039
we're constantly looking to improve
the conditions of our soils.
1202
01:19:13,540 --> 01:19:17,335
Making it such that,
we have a sustainable future.
1203
01:19:17,753 --> 01:19:19,796
You got quite a variation
of plant health here.
1204
01:19:20,046 --> 01:19:22,299
but yet, you've got one
that's almost defoliated
1205
01:19:22,799 --> 01:19:24,509
and you have to ask yourself,
1206
01:19:25,469 --> 01:19:26,470
"Why me?"
1207
01:19:27,846 --> 01:19:30,265
[Gary] One of the biggest problems
we face as farmers today,
1208
01:19:30,348 --> 01:19:32,225
is insect and disease pressure.
1209
01:19:32,726 --> 01:19:37,147
And one of our biggest fears
is losing our crop to these pests.
1210
01:19:37,647 --> 01:19:40,484
In this particular plant, that insect knew
1211
01:19:40,567 --> 01:19:42,861
-That, that one was compromised, yeah.
-...that, that one was compromised
1212
01:19:42,944 --> 01:19:46,573
through some significant difference
in roots zone or whatever,
1213
01:19:47,115 --> 01:19:50,619
but he came and got that plant,
and didn't even touch a leaf,
1214
01:19:51,369 --> 01:19:52,704
or the one next to it.
1215
01:19:53,205 --> 01:19:57,000
And many people don't look at plants
as having an immune system,
1216
01:19:57,167 --> 01:19:59,002
but they're no different than us,
as humans.
1217
01:19:59,252 --> 01:20:01,713
We have an immune system
and when it's compromised,
1218
01:20:01,797 --> 01:20:04,007
we become more susceptible to many things.
1219
01:20:04,591 --> 01:20:05,884
Likewise in a plant.
1220
01:20:05,967 --> 01:20:08,637
If it's not got a fully balanced
nutritional plain,
1221
01:20:08,887 --> 01:20:10,013
those insects can detect it,
1222
01:20:10,096 --> 01:20:12,140
and matter of fact,
that's their purpose in life.
1223
01:20:12,682 --> 01:20:13,892
[Marty] Farming is challenging,
1224
01:20:14,059 --> 01:20:18,438
and if we can understand
the whole picture,
1225
01:20:18,814 --> 01:20:21,358
we'll have some amazing things
for people to eat.
1226
01:20:23,860 --> 01:20:26,112
It's got a little more balance
to the flavor, doesn't it?
1227
01:20:26,530 --> 01:20:28,240
[Gary] I've worked for John Kempf,
1228
01:20:28,532 --> 01:20:30,575
who is the founder
of Advancing Eco Agriculture
1229
01:20:30,700 --> 01:20:31,952
out of Middlefield, Ohio.
1230
01:20:33,787 --> 01:20:37,707
He comes from one of the largest
Amish communities in the United States.
1231
01:20:38,750 --> 01:20:41,670
Came out of school
at the ripe, old age of eighth grade,
1232
01:20:43,255 --> 01:20:46,466
entered into the farming industry
at the age of 13,
1233
01:20:46,633 --> 01:20:49,761
and started asking the question, "Why?"
1234
01:20:50,428 --> 01:20:54,182
[grave instrumental music playing]
1235
01:21:04,943 --> 01:21:07,487
[John K.] The challenge
with our current agricultural models
1236
01:21:07,571 --> 01:21:10,740
is that they're based
on a warfaring paradigm
1237
01:21:10,824 --> 01:21:12,576
of search and destroy.
1238
01:21:14,244 --> 01:21:17,664
Identify a specific pathogen,
identify a specific pest,
1239
01:21:17,747 --> 01:21:19,332
and figure out how you can kill it.
1240
01:21:21,501 --> 01:21:23,879
And if they first weapon of choice
is not successful,
1241
01:21:23,962 --> 01:21:25,922
simply get a bigger bomb.
1242
01:21:31,970 --> 01:21:34,055
Today, there's a lot of discussion
1243
01:21:34,431 --> 01:21:37,642
about sustainability in agriculture.
1244
01:21:40,562 --> 01:21:43,398
We cannot have
a sustainable agriculture today.
1245
01:21:44,608 --> 01:21:47,986
Our souls have become too degraded,
our plants are too unhealthy.
1246
01:21:49,946 --> 01:21:53,658
We first need to have a conversation
about a regenerative agriculture.
1247
01:21:57,370 --> 01:21:59,998
A model of agriculture
in which plants developed
1248
01:22:00,081 --> 01:22:04,794
tremendous resiliency
to climate extremes, to climate stresses,
1249
01:22:05,962 --> 01:22:08,048
to all types of disease and insect pests,
1250
01:22:10,800 --> 01:22:13,053
and as a result of those things...
1251
01:22:15,680 --> 01:22:18,892
farms become more economically viable.
1252
01:22:27,067 --> 01:22:30,695
[playful instrumental music playing]
1253
01:22:31,821 --> 01:22:33,281
Starting in 2013,
1254
01:22:33,365 --> 01:22:37,118
we began doing a lot of trialling
with plant sap analysis
1255
01:22:37,202 --> 01:22:40,330
which is the equivalent
of a blood analysis for people.
1256
01:22:43,041 --> 01:22:46,127
When we look at the sap analysis data,
1257
01:22:46,586 --> 01:22:50,757
we are able to see precisely
which nutrients are deficient,
1258
01:22:50,840 --> 01:22:52,759
which nutrients are in excess,
1259
01:22:52,884 --> 01:22:56,763
and often do we find
that it is actually the excesses
1260
01:22:56,846 --> 01:22:58,723
that are creating the deficiencies.
1261
01:23:00,266 --> 01:23:02,227
If you had excess of potassium,
1262
01:23:02,310 --> 01:23:04,688
it will create a calcium deficiency
1263
01:23:04,771 --> 01:23:08,316
and you cannot fix the problem
by putting on more calcium.
1264
01:23:09,275 --> 01:23:13,488
The only way we can manage that,
is by looking at the other nutrients
1265
01:23:13,571 --> 01:23:15,657
that reduce the potassium's dominance.
1266
01:23:17,450 --> 01:23:20,745
Manganese serves as a potassium regulator,
1267
01:23:20,829 --> 01:23:23,206
and when a plant has adequate levels
of manganese,
1268
01:23:23,289 --> 01:23:26,835
it will tend to down-regulate
the surplus potassium
1269
01:23:26,918 --> 01:23:28,962
and allow the calcium to flow
into the fruit.
1270
01:23:36,344 --> 01:23:38,430
What we are implementing on farms
1271
01:23:38,513 --> 01:23:42,767
is a fundamentally different perspective
on how to manage plant nutrition
1272
01:23:42,851 --> 01:23:44,769
and how to manage diseases and insects.
1273
01:23:45,478 --> 01:23:48,023
The transition can happen immediately.
1274
01:23:48,148 --> 01:23:50,025
It doesn't happen on a farm,
1275
01:23:50,483 --> 01:23:52,485
it happens in the mind of a farmer.
1276
01:23:52,652 --> 01:23:56,072
This block, having just been recovered
last year for the first time,
1277
01:23:56,156 --> 01:23:57,782
it did pretty good, would you say?
1278
01:23:57,991 --> 01:24:01,786
Yeah, I think the fruit quality is higher
here this year than last year.
1279
01:24:02,037 --> 01:24:05,248
My name is Mike Omeg,
I'm a fifth generation cherry orchardist.
1280
01:24:05,582 --> 01:24:08,752
My great, great grandparents
started these orchards
1281
01:24:08,835 --> 01:24:10,545
and I'm continuing them.
1282
01:24:10,962 --> 01:24:13,631
What really triggered me
to start investigating
1283
01:24:13,715 --> 01:24:17,343
was that we were having
a complete focus on
1284
01:24:17,510 --> 01:24:19,220
just the canopy of the tree.
1285
01:24:19,721 --> 01:24:22,057
And we were missing half the tree.
1286
01:24:22,557 --> 01:24:24,309
Really quickly I got three worms.
1287
01:24:24,768 --> 01:24:26,770
They're moving all this organic material
1288
01:24:26,853 --> 01:24:29,439
into the rooting zone of the tree,
1289
01:24:29,731 --> 01:24:31,149
where it can do a lot of good.
1290
01:24:31,483 --> 01:24:35,070
One of the important things
when you try something new on a farm,
1291
01:24:35,445 --> 01:24:37,947
is to look at the return on investment.
1292
01:24:38,615 --> 01:24:40,909
Not bad.
That'll make a cherry grower smile.
1293
01:24:41,534 --> 01:24:46,790
We're actually making about $1800
more an acre, after our expenses
1294
01:24:47,207 --> 01:24:49,375
on the Advancing Eco Ag's blocks
1295
01:24:49,501 --> 01:24:52,128
than we are on our conventionally
managed blocks
1296
01:24:52,420 --> 01:24:53,755
because they're higher quality.
1297
01:24:58,635 --> 01:24:59,636
There's a good canker.
1298
01:24:59,719 --> 01:25:01,721
[Gary] I think you can get
a good shot of this.
1299
01:25:02,680 --> 01:25:05,141
[Mike] This is a good example
of a bacterial canker
1300
01:25:05,683 --> 01:25:08,645
that has... We say dried up.
1301
01:25:09,813 --> 01:25:13,608
There's a disease in cherries
that is a devastating disease
1302
01:25:13,691 --> 01:25:16,694
and it's one that's faced
all over the world.
1303
01:25:16,778 --> 01:25:18,321
It's called bacterial canker.
1304
01:25:18,780 --> 01:25:22,325
I just cut into this and I can see
a pocket filled with dried sap.
1305
01:25:22,826 --> 01:25:24,994
If this canker was active
when I cut into that,
1306
01:25:25,078 --> 01:25:27,622
that sap would just come
flying out of there.
1307
01:25:28,414 --> 01:25:32,836
The incidence of bacterial canker now
is very minimal in that block
1308
01:25:32,919 --> 01:25:35,004
and dare I say zero.
1309
01:25:35,630 --> 01:25:39,217
I was having to actually remove
entire orchards
1310
01:25:39,300 --> 01:25:40,927
because of this disease.
1311
01:25:41,177 --> 01:25:44,389
For us to be able to stop it
with our nutrition program,
1312
01:25:44,472 --> 01:25:45,765
is really remarkable.
1313
01:25:48,101 --> 01:25:52,438
Our fruit has become more resilient
to environmental pressures
1314
01:25:52,522 --> 01:25:55,150
like rain, like heat events,
1315
01:25:55,233 --> 01:25:59,821
and we've seen that our fruit
is pick-able and marketable
1316
01:25:59,904 --> 01:26:02,240
when unfortunately some
of our neighbors fruit
1317
01:26:02,323 --> 01:26:05,618
that follow a purely
conventional management, is not.
1318
01:26:07,954 --> 01:26:11,374
[Gary] I was a customer of John's
before I ever came to work for him
1319
01:26:11,457 --> 01:26:13,042
and it all sounded really good.
1320
01:26:13,585 --> 01:26:17,672
But almost unbelievable
that you could build soil health
1321
01:26:17,839 --> 01:26:19,299
from where it would be self-sustaining,
1322
01:26:19,382 --> 01:26:21,926
just like a forest
of oak trees in the woods.
1323
01:26:22,051 --> 01:26:25,430
And then when I was looking
to work for him, I thought,
1324
01:26:25,513 --> 01:26:27,640
"Well, if that's the case,
what's the future of AEA
1325
01:26:27,724 --> 01:26:29,809
if we're working ourselves out of a job?"
1326
01:26:30,518 --> 01:26:33,730
And he says, "We've got a lot of acres
to overcome yet."
1327
01:26:34,898 --> 01:26:39,110
[classical instrumental music playing]
1328
01:26:40,862 --> 01:26:44,449
We're in a potato field in
the desert Southwest of the United States.
1329
01:26:47,076 --> 01:26:49,454
If you look down below,
you'll see a lot of dead leaves.
1330
01:26:49,579 --> 01:26:51,414
That's not from insects or disease.
1331
01:26:51,497 --> 01:26:56,294
That's from a five and a half
hour long freeze that was devastating,
1332
01:26:56,711 --> 01:26:58,546
they browned-off, they died
1333
01:26:58,880 --> 01:27:01,716
but within three weeks
they were 18 inches tall once again.
1334
01:27:07,138 --> 01:27:12,018
This particular plant had 19 to 20
harvest-able tubers.
1335
01:27:12,310 --> 01:27:14,437
Normally they'll run 10 to 12 tubers,
1336
01:27:14,520 --> 01:27:18,942
so we're looking at nearly double
the number of tubers per plant.
1337
01:27:20,526 --> 01:27:23,613
This crop here was tolerant
to a five and a half hour,
1338
01:27:23,988 --> 01:27:25,865
26-degree temperature freeze,
1339
01:27:25,949 --> 01:27:29,661
that normally would have obliterated
any other potato crop anywhere.
1340
01:27:30,078 --> 01:27:31,579
But because it had plant health,
1341
01:27:32,121 --> 01:27:35,458
it expanded its adaptability
to a wider range of environment.
1342
01:27:36,042 --> 01:27:38,962
And if you take that concept and spread
that across the world,
1343
01:27:39,754 --> 01:27:44,008
there's only been so many acres
of tillable land ever produced,
1344
01:27:44,133 --> 01:27:46,386
and that has been
1345
01:27:46,636 --> 01:27:50,348
shrinking down by desertification,
loss of organic matter,
1346
01:27:50,431 --> 01:27:52,183
loss of water resources.
1347
01:27:52,558 --> 01:27:55,520
So, one of John's long-term visions,
1348
01:27:55,895 --> 01:27:59,732
is to expand the irrigable land
and regenerate that.
1349
01:27:59,816 --> 01:28:01,442
And then by doing so,
1350
01:28:01,526 --> 01:28:04,237
increasing the amount of acres
we can actually grow
1351
01:28:04,320 --> 01:28:06,239
nutrient-dense food from.
1352
01:28:06,489 --> 01:28:08,324
And that will help feed the world.
1353
01:28:12,578 --> 01:28:13,997
[John K.] It is my vision that
1354
01:28:14,080 --> 01:28:16,833
these regenerative agricultural models
that we have developed,
1355
01:28:16,916 --> 01:28:20,336
become the mainstream model
around the world.
1356
01:28:28,177 --> 01:28:30,722
[Mark B.] How do we improve
the health of our citizens?
1357
01:28:30,805 --> 01:28:33,099
How do we treat our land more sustainably?
1358
01:28:33,641 --> 01:28:35,601
These questions are answerable.
1359
01:28:35,685 --> 01:28:38,313
That's not unanswerable stuff.
1360
01:28:38,855 --> 01:28:41,149
But you first have to state your intent.
1361
01:28:41,816 --> 01:28:43,943
We don't have a national food policy.
1362
01:28:44,694 --> 01:28:46,279
There are countries that do.
1363
01:28:46,904 --> 01:28:48,406
There are countries that say,
1364
01:28:48,531 --> 01:28:52,910
"Food is gonna be produced to contribute
to the well-being of all of our citizens."
1365
01:28:53,953 --> 01:28:56,331
That would be an excellent starting point.
1366
01:28:57,749 --> 01:29:00,168
[Nicolette] Food is really unique issue,
1367
01:29:00,626 --> 01:29:02,211
because all of us eat,
1368
01:29:02,670 --> 01:29:06,966
and there's just this excitement
about rebuilding the food system.
1369
01:29:07,342 --> 01:29:10,011
[Rick] We're trying to reconnect
to our food supply
1370
01:29:10,219 --> 01:29:14,098
and we have to do it one little step
at a time.
1371
01:29:14,432 --> 01:29:17,560
And I don't know if you guys understand
1372
01:29:17,727 --> 01:29:21,230
how important Spence Farm is in that.
1373
01:29:21,481 --> 01:29:26,069
Because these people are not just farmers,
but they're visionaries.
1374
01:29:26,861 --> 01:29:30,490
[John I.] We have a great opportunity
to recreate a food system
1375
01:29:30,573 --> 01:29:32,116
that's fundamentally better:
1376
01:29:32,325 --> 01:29:36,245
socially, ethically, economically
than anything that we've ever known.
1377
01:29:37,455 --> 01:29:41,209
Sustainability is not just about
my children and my grandchildren,
1378
01:29:41,292 --> 01:29:43,252
it's about everybody's children
and grandchildren,
1379
01:29:43,419 --> 01:29:46,923
not just for seven generations,
but for 70 generations.
1380
01:29:47,298 --> 01:29:51,010
The whole idea of doing something
to pass on,
1381
01:29:51,469 --> 01:29:54,931
to pay it forward, to make the community
a better place,
1382
01:29:55,848 --> 01:29:57,308
that's what all this is about.
1383
01:29:58,518 --> 01:30:03,856
[Rick] If our culture is going
to continue to thrive,
1384
01:30:04,232 --> 01:30:06,317
it has to be on quality of life.
1385
01:30:07,944 --> 01:30:10,947
And that's what the farmers give to us.
1386
01:30:14,492 --> 01:30:19,372
Measuring wealth is not always
about counting your dollars.
1387
01:30:21,040 --> 01:30:24,585
Sustainability is measured
in a lot of different ways.
1388
01:30:24,961 --> 01:30:26,879
For me, personally I think, its...
1389
01:30:27,588 --> 01:30:30,424
the relationships that we have
between ourselves
1390
01:30:30,508 --> 01:30:32,468
and our friends and our clients,
1391
01:30:32,718 --> 01:30:36,013
that makes me feel very rich.
113558
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