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Throughout the course, 2

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we're going to use a number of hacking tools. 3

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You can install each of these tools manually 4

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or you can do what most hackers do, 5

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including myself, and save time 6

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and effort and use an operating system designed for hacking. 7

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We're going to use an operating system called Kali Linux. 8

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It's a Linux distro based on Debian 9

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and the only difference between Kali 10

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and the actual original Debian Linux distro 11

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is the fact that Kali has a lot of hacking 12

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and penetration testing tools pre-installed 13

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and pre-configured in it. 14

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Therefore, once you install Kali, 15

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you will have access to so many hacking tools 16

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without the need to install or configure any of them, 17

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which will save you a lot of time and a lot of effort. 18

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Now, just like any other operating system, 19

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you can install it as a main machine 20

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or as a virtual machine. 21

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Now, I'm going to install it as a virtual machine 22

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because like I explained in the previous lecture, 23

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we will not lose any functionality 24

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by using operating systems as virtual machines 25

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and it comes with a lot of benefits 26

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because it's completely isolated 27

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from our computer that we always use, 28

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so if we break the virtual machine 29

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or if we want to delete it and reset it, 30

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it will not affect our main operating system. 31

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Now, as mentioned in the previous lecture, 32

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before creating and using virtual machines, 33

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you will have to install VirtualBox 34

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and I showed you how to install it on Windows, 35

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Linux and OSX. 36

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So once you have VirtualBox installed, 37

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you can go ahead and follow the steps 38

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that I'm gonna show you right now 39

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to install Kali Linux. 40

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Now, keep in mind, I'm doing these steps 41

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from an OSX computer 42

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but you can follow the exact same steps 43

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on any operating system you have, 44

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whether you have Linux or Windows 45

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as long as you have installed VirtualBox 46

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on your system as shown in the previous lecture. 47

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Now, the first thing that you wanna do 48

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is download the VirtualBox image of Kali Linux. 49

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So you can download it from the resources of this lecture. 50

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To access the resources of the current lecture, 51

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we're gonna scroll down to the lecture. 52

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We're gonna click on the Resources icon 53

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and then we're gonna click on the resource that we want. 54

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And in this case, we want the Kali 2020 Download Page. 55

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So we're gonna click on it. 56

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Now, before going ahead with this, 57

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I want to highlight something 58

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that is very, very, very important. 59

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So please pay attention. 60

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This is a custom Kali image that I made for my courses. 61

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It is smoother and faster than the original one. 62

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It fixes a number of bugs 63

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and it contains a number of extra programs 64

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that we need for this course 65

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and are not included in the original release. 66

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So you do not have to use this custom image, 67

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you can use the original one. 68

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You can even use just a normal Linux distribution, 69

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as long as you know how to manually install all 70

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of the missing programs 71

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and apply the fixes that I did myself. 72

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And you can see a full list of them here on the left. 73

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Therefore, if you ask us a question in the Q&A section 74

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and you're not using the custom image, 75

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the first thing that we will ask you 76

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is to use the custom Kali image that we made for you 77

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because we know the original one is broken 78

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and we will not know the changes you made 79

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in order to fix it. 80

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So if you have a 64-bit computer, 81

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download it from one of these links. 82

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Or if you have a 32-bit computer, 83

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then download the 32-bits version from here. 84

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Now, this is a big operating system. 85

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So I've actually already downloaded this 86

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before recording this lecture 87

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and I already have it right here. 88

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So as you can see, you should get a file 89

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with a .ova extension. 90

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So we have the file name, followed by .ova. 91

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To import this in VirtualBox, 92

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all we have to do is literally double click the file. 93

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As you can see, this'll automatically run the file 94

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in VirtualBox and you'll get a window 95

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which you can use to modify the settings 96

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of this virtual machine. 97

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For now, I'm gonna keep everything the same 98

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and I'm just gonna click on Import. 99

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Give it some time. 100

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And as you can see now, 101

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this is imported into my VirtualBox 102

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and we can go ahead and try to start it 103

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but before doing that, 104

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I want to modify some settings. 105

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So we're gonna click on the virtual machine 106

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that we want to modify its settings, 107

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which is Kali Linux in this case. 108

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And then, I'm gonna click on the Settings icon. 109

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Now, depending on the host operating system 110

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that you're using, 111

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the layout of the Settings menu in here 112

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might be slightly different 113

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but using it is exactly the same. 114

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So make sure you follow the steps 115

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that I'm gonna show you right now 116

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and it should work on all operating systems, 117

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whether you're using Windows, Linux or OSX. 118

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So the first thing that I wanna modify 119

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is the system settings. 120

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So I'm gonna click on System 121

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and in here, you can first of all, 122

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modify the amount of RAM or memory 123

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that will be allocated for the virtual machine. 124

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Now, depending on how much RAM you have in total, 125

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you can give this more or less. 126

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Two gigabyte is enough. 127

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You can get away with one gigabyte 128

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but it might be a little bit slow. 129

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So I'm gonna leave it at two. 130

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I have 16 gigs, 131

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so two will not cause any pressure 132

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on my host operating system. 133

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Next, I'm gonna click on the Processors 134

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and as you can see, by default it's only given two cores. 135

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Again, you can give it more or less. 136

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You can get away with one core. 137

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It'll be too slow, two is good enough. 138

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The more, the better. 139

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Again, it all depends on how much resources you have 140

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and can afford to give to virtual machines. 141

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I have eight CPUs. 142

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So giving it two will not put too much pressure 143

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on my operating system. 144

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Next, I'm gonna go to the Network Settings 145

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and I'm gonna set this to use a NAT network. 146

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Now, sometimes when you select a NAT network, 147

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you will not see a network name in here. 148

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If you don't, then don't worry about it, 149

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this is a common issue 150

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and I have the solution for you 151

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in the resources of this lecture. 152

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Just click on it, follow it 153

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and you'll see how to fix this issue. 154

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Now, for me, as you can see, 155

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I already have a NAT network in here. 156

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So I'm gonna keep it on this one. 157

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And this setting will basically create a virtual network 158

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where my host machine, 159

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which is my Mac OSX computer 160

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is going to be the router for this network 161

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and then all the virtual machines 162

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are going to be clients connected to this network. 163

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So they're going to get internet connection 164

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from my host machine. 165

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And at the same time, all of my virtual machines 166

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will be connected to the same virtual network. 167

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This is very handy because my virtual machines 168

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will be able to communicate with each other 169

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and therefore, will be able to use the Kali machine 170

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to hack into the others, 171

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we'll be able to test network attacks 172

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and do much more. 173

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So this setting will first allow my virtual machines 174

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to have internet connection 175

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and it will also allow them 176

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to communicate with each other 177

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through this virtual NAT network. 178

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Now, this virtual network will rely 179

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on the connection of your host computer. 180

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So it will not need any extra interfaces, 181

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it will not need any extra adapters 182

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and as far as the virtual machines are concerned, 183

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they are connected to an ethernet network 184

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but in reality, they are connected 185

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through the host machine. 186

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Now, if you're on VirtualBox 6 187

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and have a screen with high resolution, 188

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you'll need to go to Display 189

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and set the scale factor to 200%. 190

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Otherwise, the virtual machine's screen will be too small 191

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but only do this if you have a screen with a high resolution 192

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and if you're using VirtualBox 6. 193

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Otherwise, do not modify this option. 194

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Now, I'm done here, so I'm gonna click on OK. 195

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And we can start the virtual machine 196

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like any other virtual machine. 197

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We're just gonna click it and then click on Start. 198

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Now, if you followed everything that I did so far 199

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and faced a black screen or got an error, 200

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please check out the links in the resources 201

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of this lecture as they cover the most common issues 202

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that you could face when starting Kali. 203

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If you got an issue that is not covered there, 204

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don't worry, please ask us in the Q&A section 205

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and we will respond to you within 15 hours 206

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and help you fix this issue. 207

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Now, I'm gonna click inside the virtual machine 208

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and hit Enter. 209

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And as you can see, we have the login screen for Kali Linux. 210

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So right now, it's asking me for the username 211

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and the default username is root. 212

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R-O-O-T. 213

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I'm gonna hit Enter and then it's asking us 214

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for the password, which is the reverse of the username. 215

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So it is T-O-O-R. 216

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Hit Enter and that's it. 217

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Now we're inside the virtual installation of Kali Linux. 218

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Now, don't worry 219

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about how this operating system looks different 220

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and if you don't know how to use it. 221

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We will cover all of that 222

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and we'll cover its basics as we go through the course. 223

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But for now, if you just look at the top right in here, 224

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you'll see that this virtual machine thinks 225

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that it is connected using a wire. 226

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So you can see Wired Connected. 227

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So Kali thinks that it is connected 228

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to an ethernet network and that's because like I said, 229

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we set it to use a NAT network. 230

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So if I just go to my web browser, 231

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as you can see, we have internet access in Kali Linux 232

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and this is provided from the host computer. 233

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So Kali is connected to the internet 234

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through the host computer 235

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and as far as Kali is concerned, 236

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the host computer is a router 237

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and it is connected to this router 238

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through an ethernet cable. 239

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If Kali feels a little bit too slow or laggy, 240

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please give it a few minutes 241

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if this is the first time you're on it 242

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because when you start it for the first time, 243

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it'll automatically check for updates. 244

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Once this process is done, 245

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the system will start running a little bit smoother. 246

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Also, it goes without saying, 247

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if your computer is not powerful enough, 248

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then close any unused applications 249

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before starting Kali to free up resources. 250

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But as you'll see throughout the course, 251

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two gigabytes of RAM and two CPUs 252

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are enough to run Kali smoothly.