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[uneasy music]
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00:00:30,034 --> 00:00:32,413
[insects buzzing,
birds chirping]
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00:00:49,931 --> 00:00:51,931
[tranquil music continues]
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00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:36,000
[uneasy music]
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00:03:50,827 --> 00:03:53,827
[elegant instrumental music]
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00:05:35,793 --> 00:05:37,655
- [Voiceover from George Martin
letter] "Some of our good bosses
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00:05:37,655 --> 00:05:39,965
would find some
encouraging talk for us.
8
00:05:40,448 --> 00:05:41,655
They would say for us:
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00:05:42,586 --> 00:05:45,103
'Boys - are you
saving your money?
10
00:05:45,517 --> 00:05:49,620
It won't be long from now that
we will see water in the Cut.'
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00:05:50,517 --> 00:05:52,448
But we just took it for a joke.
12
00:05:52,931 --> 00:05:55,448
I personally would
say to my fellow men:
13
00:05:55,724 --> 00:05:57,068
'That could never happen.
14
00:05:57,931 --> 00:06:00,620
My children will come
and have children,
15
00:06:00,896 --> 00:06:03,793
and their children will come
and do the same,
16
00:06:04,965 --> 00:06:06,862
before you will see
water in the Cut.'
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00:06:07,517 --> 00:06:09,655
And most of us
agreed on the same."
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00:06:24,655 --> 00:06:28,413
- [Julie Green] So in 1903...
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00:06:29,137 --> 00:06:32,448
When Theodore Roosevelt
had been unable to
20
00:06:33,827 --> 00:06:38,827
get the okay to build
a canal working through
the country of Colombia,
21
00:06:39,413 --> 00:06:44,137
he became interested in
supporting a coup
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00:06:44,137 --> 00:06:45,620
for independence by Panamanians.
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00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:49,517
He sent warships down to
support the effort,
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00:06:49,551 --> 00:06:51,206
and the coup was successful
25
00:06:51,413 --> 00:06:54,310
and the Republic of Panama
was born.
26
00:06:54,896 --> 00:06:56,862
[energetic piano music]
27
00:08:23,620 --> 00:08:27,862
- The Treaty stipulated
it would be "as if the
U.S. were sovereign",
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00:08:28,103 --> 00:08:29,344
in other words,
29
00:08:29,344 --> 00:08:32,172
the U.S. had complete control
in the Canal Zone.,
30
00:08:32,241 --> 00:08:36,586
and also was given the
ability to intervene
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00:08:36,689 --> 00:08:40,344
in the internal affairs of
the Republic of Panama,
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00:08:40,551 --> 00:08:44,344
to take over additional
lands as needed
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00:08:44,413 --> 00:08:46,068
for the construction...
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00:08:46,620 --> 00:08:54,862
So it was a major and complete
surrender of Panama's rights
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00:08:55,034 --> 00:08:58,137
to the heart of its own country.
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00:09:02,655 --> 00:09:04,620
[freight train roars past]
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00:10:02,310 --> 00:10:05,310
"Life in the construction days
was rough and tough.
38
00:10:05,827 --> 00:10:08,379
Only hard work.
Rain or shine, we had to go.
39
00:10:09,379 --> 00:10:13,551
I left my home in Barbados
in 1905, August 26th.
40
00:10:14,206 --> 00:10:15,793
I was 19 years old.
41
00:10:16,068 --> 00:10:18,689
I came on a boat
named the Aplato.
42
00:10:19,137 --> 00:10:21,586
I construction we came from
Barbados by the thousands,
43
00:10:21,586 --> 00:10:24,931
when we got here
we lived in camps,
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00:10:25,448 --> 00:10:27,448
we slept on cain bunks,
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00:10:27,586 --> 00:10:29,689
a piece of canvas
tied with rope,
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00:10:29,965 --> 00:10:32,517
no mattress, blanket,
sheet or pillow,
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00:10:32,862 --> 00:10:34,344
just the cold cain bunk.
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00:10:35,137 --> 00:10:36,586
It was rough and tough,
49
00:10:36,931 --> 00:10:37,758
no water,
50
00:10:38,068 --> 00:10:40,310
we had to get it wherever
we could get it,
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00:10:40,896 --> 00:10:42,931
we had to do our own
washing on Sunday,
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00:10:43,551 --> 00:10:45,379
we could only wash once a week,
53
00:10:45,655 --> 00:10:48,206
it was rough and tough
from the start."
54
00:10:50,586 --> 00:10:53,482
[uneasy music]
55
00:11:13,448 --> 00:11:15,310
- It's interesting to examine
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00:11:15,586 --> 00:11:17,137
how the U.S.
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00:11:17,827 --> 00:11:21,448
went about deciding where
workers should come from.
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00:11:21,620 --> 00:11:24,103
It was quite an
exhaustive process.
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00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:27,275
They looked all around
the globe for workers.
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00:11:28,448 --> 00:11:33,413
And in fact there's one aisle of
the National Archives which has
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boxes organized by country,
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00:11:36,586 --> 00:11:39,862
with correspondence explaining
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00:11:40,827 --> 00:11:43,379
what the U.S. thought of
the workers of that country,
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00:11:43,379 --> 00:11:46,896
why they did or did not
decide to use them.
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00:11:48,724 --> 00:11:51,068
So Mexico, for example,
the U.S. would say,
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00:11:51,206 --> 00:11:54,827
"Oh, no, Mexican workers will go
on strike, we don't want them."
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00:11:55,448 --> 00:12:00,758
And Peruvians, Chileans,
were considered not
to be hard workers.
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00:12:01,586 --> 00:12:06,103
Panamanians were considered
to be not hard enough workers,
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00:12:06,241 --> 00:12:12,068
although the U.S. did employ
a few thousand Panamanians,
partly out of respect for
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00:12:12,137 --> 00:12:15,448
its relationship with the
Republic of Panama.
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00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,896
So you almost can map
72
00:12:20,379 --> 00:12:22,793
the sort-of mental territory
73
00:12:22,896 --> 00:12:25,689
of officials like John Stevens,
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00:12:25,896 --> 00:12:30,758
and so he reluctantly turned
to using Caribbean workers
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00:12:30,862 --> 00:12:33,172
for most of the labor instead.
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00:14:22,586 --> 00:14:24,586
- [Julie Green]
Originally, John Stevens,
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00:14:24,620 --> 00:14:28,827
he had a pretty low opinion
of Afro-Caribbean workers,
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00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,827
he thought they were
not smart enough,
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00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:37,068
thought they were -
you know, had kind of a racist
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00:14:37,482 --> 00:14:39,793
thought about them,
thought they were like children,
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00:14:39,793 --> 00:14:41,931
they would not work hard enough.
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00:14:42,862 --> 00:14:47,068
And in fact he and his
successor George Goethals,
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00:14:47,241 --> 00:14:51,551
both believed that
something was needed
84
00:14:51,551 --> 00:14:54,827
to push the Afro-Caribbeans
to work harder,
85
00:14:54,931 --> 00:14:59,068
and so ultimately they imported
southern Europeans
86
00:14:59,172 --> 00:15:02,034
precisely for that purpose,
87
00:15:02,206 --> 00:15:04,448
hoping they would come
across more energetic,
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00:15:04,482 --> 00:15:05,793
more hard-working,
89
00:15:05,793 --> 00:15:09,137
and would help the officials
to push the Caribbeans
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00:15:09,137 --> 00:15:10,862
to work harder.
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00:15:25,275 --> 00:15:27,862
[gentle music]
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[uneasy music]
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[train whistle blowing]
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00:20:39,620 --> 00:20:42,068
[uneasy instrumental music]
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00:21:01,448 --> 00:21:04,172
[tribal-style
drumming and chanting]
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00:22:27,896 --> 00:22:29,931
[switching to English] This
letter is from George Peters:
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00:22:30,862 --> 00:22:33,034
"l landed in Colon,
Republic of Panama,
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00:22:33,034 --> 00:22:35,655
from the island of Dominica,
British West Indies,
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00:22:35,655 --> 00:22:37,931
on the 14th of December, 1908.
100
00:22:39,034 --> 00:22:41,793
Two days after I was
employed by one Mr. Craw
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00:22:41,793 --> 00:22:44,310
in a steam shovel repair shop,
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00:22:44,310 --> 00:22:45,586
at 10 cents an hour.
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00:22:46,965 --> 00:22:49,724
In those days it rained
from six to six,
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00:22:51,068 --> 00:22:52,448
you'd get to the
job wringing wet,
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00:22:52,482 --> 00:22:54,965
and so you remained
until you finished."
106
00:22:56,103 --> 00:22:57,931
This letter is from Rufus Lucas:
107
00:22:58,965 --> 00:23:01,344
"I also worked with a dredging
division for a short period,
108
00:23:01,482 --> 00:23:03,241
as an oiler,
109
00:23:03,241 --> 00:23:05,241
on the number one grader
in the Canal,
110
00:23:05,517 --> 00:23:07,482
with a man by the
name of Mr. Right.
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00:23:08,448 --> 00:23:11,517
He looked at me one day and said
'You are fired right now.'
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00:23:12,551 --> 00:23:14,172
It was for no just cause,
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00:23:14,379 --> 00:23:16,448
but I couldn't talk back
because in those days
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00:23:16,724 --> 00:23:18,482
every white man thought he was
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00:23:18,482 --> 00:23:19,724
God down here."
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00:23:22,103 --> 00:23:46,586
[silence]
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00:25:20,689 --> 00:25:23,517
- [Voiceover from Albert
Peters letter] "Well this
particular day was payday,
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00:25:24,931 --> 00:25:27,931
the pay car was on the
opposite bank of the Canal.
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00:25:28,724 --> 00:25:30,034
All of a sudden...
120
00:25:30,517 --> 00:25:33,275
I heard it blow its whistles,
for leaving.
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00:25:33,931 --> 00:25:36,379
I ran out on the
end of the barge
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00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,034
and waved my hand and hollered.
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00:25:40,275 --> 00:25:41,793
They saw me and stopped.
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00:25:42,310 --> 00:25:46,827
I swam across, then had
to climb a muddy hill
of about forty feet.
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00:25:48,034 --> 00:25:49,275
When I got to the top,
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00:25:49,931 --> 00:25:52,896
the pay car was about
twenty feet in front of me.
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00:25:53,793 --> 00:25:59,413
I was so exhausted that
the policeman took my cup
and helped me into the car.
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00:26:00,655 --> 00:26:04,137
There was my pay in front of
me on the counter.
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00:26:04,689 --> 00:26:07,620
I was as naked as when I
came into this world...
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00:26:08,137 --> 00:26:10,689
Except for my cup and my balboas
[Panamanian coins]."
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00:26:27,275 --> 00:26:30,103
- Hundreds of men died
from a dynamite explosion.
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00:26:30,344 --> 00:26:35,241
In 1908, 22 tons of dynamite
was at Bajo Obispo Cut,
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00:26:35,586 --> 00:26:38,517
and went off at 11:45 AM,
134
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,724
blowing to pieces over 300 men.
135
00:26:42,241 --> 00:26:46,517
Their entrails and flesh
could be seen hanging
on the far away trees.
136
00:26:46,724 --> 00:26:49,482
It was something terrible
and awful to look at.
137
00:26:49,896 --> 00:26:51,172
The explosion was heard,
138
00:26:51,241 --> 00:26:53,655
and smoke could be
seen three miles away
139
00:26:53,655 --> 00:26:55,310
from where I was
living in Matachin.
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00:26:55,724 --> 00:26:58,620
The shock of the blast
knocked off glasses
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00:26:58,620 --> 00:27:00,379
from tables and shelves
in many homes,
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00:27:00,758 --> 00:27:03,103
and some fell to the floor
in their home.
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00:27:03,689 --> 00:27:06,862
- It's really difficult to
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00:27:06,862 --> 00:27:10,344
talk about the death toll
with any precision,
145
00:27:10,827 --> 00:27:15,379
and I did not, in my research,
examine this question carefully,
146
00:27:15,448 --> 00:27:18,103
the historian who did is
Michael Conniff.
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00:27:18,413 --> 00:27:21,689
He thinks roughly 15,000.
148
00:27:21,689 --> 00:27:27,517
And of course, when you think
about what this labor required,
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00:27:27,620 --> 00:27:32,310
it's also really important
to think not only about
death, but about injury,
150
00:27:32,379 --> 00:27:34,862
accidents and disease.
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00:27:36,172 --> 00:27:39,655
Disease remained
a prevalent issue,
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00:27:39,793 --> 00:27:41,379
a very widespread issue,
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00:27:41,551 --> 00:27:45,655
especially among Afro-Caribbeans
or West Indians.
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00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:49,724
Although Yellow Fever
was successfully eradicated,
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00:27:49,862 --> 00:27:51,206
malaria was not,
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00:27:54,586 --> 00:27:57,758
and really pretty much
every West Indian
157
00:27:58,068 --> 00:28:01,068
suffered from malaria
at some point or another.
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00:28:46,758 --> 00:28:49,724
[somber violin music]
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00:28:51,448 --> 00:28:53,068
- [Voiceover] I, John Holligan,
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00:28:53,517 --> 00:28:57,206
left the island of Barbados
in 1906, the month of June.
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00:28:57,793 --> 00:29:01,793
My first boss, by the name
of Mr. Powers,
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00:29:02,896 --> 00:29:06,344
I worked on the corral
from 1906 until 1920.
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00:29:07,034 --> 00:29:09,344
In the years 1906-1907,
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00:29:09,965 --> 00:29:11,551
they had no sanitation.
165
00:29:11,896 --> 00:29:13,965
Malaria fever was
killing all the people.
166
00:29:15,310 --> 00:29:16,551
The deaths were so many
167
00:29:17,344 --> 00:29:19,758
that we the steamer
had to go to the hospital
168
00:29:19,862 --> 00:29:22,413
around the beach for the deaths
169
00:29:22,551 --> 00:29:25,413
and we had to place them in box
cars around by Christ Church.
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00:29:37,344 --> 00:29:38,827
[birds chirping]
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00:29:49,310 --> 00:29:51,689
[people chattering
in background]
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00:29:55,620 --> 00:29:58,551
[speaking in
Spanish, indistinct]
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00:30:15,724 --> 00:30:19,206
[soul music]
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00:30:30,482 --> 00:30:35,448
[soul music continues,
no dialogue heard]
175
00:32:11,344 --> 00:32:13,275
[applause]
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00:32:14,517 --> 00:32:15,310
- Once,
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00:32:16,551 --> 00:32:18,137
we were on our way to Gatun,
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00:32:18,931 --> 00:32:22,965
and in those days the train
had two different compartments,
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00:32:23,758 --> 00:32:26,862
one compartment for whites,
and one for blacks.
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00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:29,482
While waiting to board
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00:32:30,413 --> 00:32:32,482
the conductor spat
at us and ran us
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00:32:33,655 --> 00:32:36,793
to the cars in the
back of the train.
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00:32:37,758 --> 00:32:40,206
Although we didn't
care to board with them.
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00:32:42,379 --> 00:32:45,862
At that time I learned
about discrimination.
185
00:32:46,517 --> 00:32:50,000
I was only about 13 years
old at that time.
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00:32:52,862 --> 00:32:58,413
Okay, this picture was taken
around the 1960's.
187
00:32:59,344 --> 00:33:00,103
Okay?
188
00:33:00,586 --> 00:33:05,344
At that time the black were
fighting for liberation from
189
00:33:06,586 --> 00:33:09,724
discriminatory practices
in the United States of America.
190
00:33:11,379 --> 00:33:15,655
But we had teachers who
told us about this,
191
00:33:15,655 --> 00:33:20,551
and we decided to show,
192
00:33:20,689 --> 00:33:23,241
to protest against
discrimination,
193
00:33:23,275 --> 00:33:26,758
because it was the same
here in the Canal Zone.
194
00:33:27,206 --> 00:33:29,689
- [Michelle Reese] So what
kind of protesting did you do?
195
00:33:30,206 --> 00:33:35,586
- [Stanley] Well, we
started to... We were over
here, in this fashion,
196
00:33:36,793 --> 00:33:39,448
and we used to
have black armbands
197
00:33:40,758 --> 00:33:44,965
that showed that
we were protesting
against discrimination.
198
00:33:46,551 --> 00:33:51,448
- So you spoke a lot of English,
and everything was in English...
199
00:33:51,517 --> 00:33:54,862
- Well, that's the only thing
that we knew, English.
200
00:33:55,448 --> 00:33:57,896
Spanish was never
in our vocabulary,
201
00:33:59,310 --> 00:34:03,793
everything was English, English
- Social Studies, Math...
202
00:34:04,862 --> 00:34:09,413
Everything, everything.
Lab science, everything,
as you can see.
203
00:34:10,275 --> 00:34:12,206
English, English, English...
204
00:34:13,344 --> 00:34:14,896
The yearbook? English.
205
00:34:15,758 --> 00:34:17,206
It was not till your time
206
00:34:17,620 --> 00:34:19,172
when it became
207
00:34:19,689 --> 00:34:21,344
the Latin American High School.
208
00:35:57,620 --> 00:35:58,586
It was at this station that
209
00:35:58,655 --> 00:36:00,551
an engineer slipped
at the switch,
210
00:36:01,103 --> 00:36:02,137
broke his leg,
211
00:36:02,344 --> 00:36:03,551
and when taken to the hospital,
212
00:36:03,586 --> 00:36:04,827
found she was a woman,
213
00:36:04,896 --> 00:36:06,482
working among the men
all the time.
214
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:09,965
[agitated piano music]
215
00:38:25,689 --> 00:38:28,172
[somber music]
216
00:38:49,965 --> 00:38:52,448
[somber music continues]
217
00:40:44,965 --> 00:40:46,310
[Torrijos, speaking in Spanish]
218
00:40:46,482 --> 00:40:47,758
- [Interpreter] And
the armed forces...
219
00:40:48,965 --> 00:40:50,068
[Torrijos, speaking in Spanish]
220
00:40:50,310 --> 00:40:51,241
- They have decided...
221
00:40:53,724 --> 00:40:54,793
[speaking in Spanish]
222
00:40:54,896 --> 00:40:57,000
- That if the Treaty
was not ratified...
223
00:40:59,275 --> 00:41:02,482
[speaking in Spanish]
224
00:41:02,724 --> 00:41:06,379
- Or if it were amended
in such a way that it was
not meeting conditions
225
00:41:06,379 --> 00:41:08,000
that could be
acceptable to Panama...
226
00:41:08,758 --> 00:41:09,655
[speaking in Spanish]
227
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:11,896
- Then we will not
negotiate any more.
228
00:41:12,517 --> 00:41:15,793
[speaking in Spanish]
229
00:41:16,655 --> 00:41:18,758
- Tomorrow morning,
right away, we would start...
230
00:41:19,827 --> 00:41:20,931
We would have started...
231
00:41:21,793 --> 00:41:22,896
[speaking in Spanish]
232
00:41:23,068 --> 00:41:24,724
- A struggle for liberation.
233
00:41:25,965 --> 00:41:28,275
[speaking in Spanish]
234
00:41:28,379 --> 00:41:31,241
- And possibly by tomorrow
the Canal would not
have been in operation.
235
00:41:32,827 --> 00:41:34,413
[speaking in Spanish]
236
00:41:34,448 --> 00:41:37,413
- We are in a condition,
we have the capability,
of destroying it.
237
00:41:37,862 --> 00:41:39,310
[speaking in Spanish]
238
00:41:39,310 --> 00:41:41,344
- Even if they have
the Southern Command,
239
00:41:42,241 --> 00:41:45,344
or the West Command -
or the Western Command,
the Eastern Command,
240
00:41:45,896 --> 00:41:47,793
All the commands that you
would wish to have.
241
00:41:47,965 --> 00:41:49,827
[speaking in Spanish]
242
00:41:50,034 --> 00:41:52,896
- The National Guard
is in a condition to
be able to destroy it.
243
00:41:53,172 --> 00:41:55,172
[speaking in Spanish]
244
00:41:55,275 --> 00:41:57,862
- And that capacity we
do not intend to lose.
245
00:41:58,517 --> 00:42:02,413
[speaking in Spanish]
246
00:42:02,448 --> 00:42:05,448
- In not destroying it,
we are the only ones who
are really defending it.
247
00:42:08,862 --> 00:42:10,172
[speaking in Spanish]
248
00:42:10,172 --> 00:42:12,275
- And this is why we are
not scared so much...
249
00:42:12,551 --> 00:42:14,448
[speaking in Spanish]
250
00:42:15,068 --> 00:42:17,379
- Of some of the demonstrations
of machismo,
251
00:42:17,620 --> 00:42:19,103
of being very, very...
252
00:42:19,103 --> 00:42:21,103
[speaking in Spanish]
253
00:42:21,241 --> 00:42:24,068
- Of those who have no respect
for the dignity of other people.
254
00:42:24,448 --> 00:42:25,689
[speaking in Spanish]
255
00:42:25,862 --> 00:42:28,000
- As were used in the Senate.
256
00:42:29,827 --> 00:42:31,034
Because they...
257
00:42:34,586 --> 00:42:36,551
Because they have
placed the Canal
258
00:42:36,551 --> 00:42:38,827
within two votes of
not being in operation.
259
00:42:39,827 --> 00:42:41,103
[speaking in Spanish]
260
00:42:41,206 --> 00:42:42,931
This was a decision
that was taken...
261
00:42:45,172 --> 00:42:46,103
[speaking in Spanish]
262
00:42:46,344 --> 00:42:47,344
- It was very well thought out.
263
00:42:48,517 --> 00:42:50,758
[speaking in Spanish]
264
00:42:50,931 --> 00:42:53,137
And we have now already
ten years of preparation...
265
00:45:59,034 --> 00:46:01,551
[gentle music]
266
00:46:45,482 --> 00:46:46,310
- Tower cleared!
267
00:46:46,931 --> 00:46:48,172
- Here we got a roll program.
268
00:46:49,034 --> 00:46:51,448
- Neil Armstrong reporting their
roll and pitch program
269
00:46:51,448 --> 00:46:53,448
which puts Apollo 11
on a proper heading.
270
00:46:55,068 --> 00:46:58,000
[gentle music]
271
00:47:03,137 --> 00:47:04,379
- Plus thirty seconds...
272
00:47:07,034 --> 00:47:09,172
- Roll complete and a
pitch is programmed.
273
00:47:09,482 --> 00:47:12,344
[rocket engine roars]
274
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:17,689
- One-Bravo.
275
00:47:20,206 --> 00:47:23,034
- One-Bravo is in network control mode.
276
00:47:25,586 --> 00:47:26,758
Altitude is two miles.
277
00:47:51,931 --> 00:47:53,413
[birds chirping]
278
00:47:54,551 --> 00:47:57,034
[gentle music]
279
00:48:37,758 --> 00:48:40,275
[gentle music continues]
280
00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:39,965
[tranquil music]
281
00:49:58,413 --> 00:50:00,379
[tranquil music continues]
282
00:50:19,689 --> 00:50:22,241
- "After I had finished
waiting on two men,
283
00:50:22,551 --> 00:50:24,758
one of them gave me
two shark teeth,
284
00:50:25,448 --> 00:50:27,344
and the other fellow gave me one,
285
00:50:28,068 --> 00:50:30,517
from out of a rock that
was blasted in the Cut.
286
00:50:31,310 --> 00:50:34,137
I said nothing to him,
nor thanked him.
287
00:50:34,758 --> 00:50:36,724
They saw that I was
skeptical,
288
00:50:37,413 --> 00:50:39,482
unbelieving about shark teeth
289
00:50:39,758 --> 00:50:42,655
taken out of rocks,
instead of the sea.
290
00:50:43,620 --> 00:50:45,241
Fishing is my pastime.
291
00:50:46,034 --> 00:50:49,275
Shark teeth, like all
other teeth, are white.
292
00:50:49,896 --> 00:50:51,896
I looked at him with doubt.
293
00:50:52,896 --> 00:50:55,137
He looked at me and said: 'Man,
294
00:50:55,655 --> 00:51:00,586
have you never heard
that these two oceans had
been joined together?'
295
00:51:01,275 --> 00:51:03,482
'I have heard so,' said he,
296
00:51:05,517 --> 00:51:06,793
'and these shark teeth
297
00:51:07,172 --> 00:51:10,172
we got out of the Cut
prove it.'"
298
00:51:11,655 --> 00:51:13,655
[agitated piano music]
299
00:52:00,724 --> 00:52:02,310
[boat engine whirring]
300
00:52:07,206 --> 00:52:08,448
[compressed air hissing
from scuba regulator]
301
00:52:24,413 --> 00:52:25,862
[bubbling noises]
302
00:53:31,931 --> 00:53:35,172
[tranquil music]
303
00:55:34,724 --> 00:55:37,724
[somber music]
304
00:58:41,344 --> 00:58:43,241
[airport loudspeaker
in background]
305
00:58:43,896 --> 00:58:46,379
[uneasy music]
306
00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:49,896
[airplane cockpit chatter]
307
00:58:55,896 --> 00:58:57,896
[birds chirping]
308
00:58:59,379 --> 00:59:01,413
[uneasy music continues]
309
00:59:05,034 --> 00:59:06,172
- Hey!
- Hi!
310
00:59:06,275 --> 00:59:08,068
- I'm finally meeting you,
311
00:59:08,137 --> 00:59:10,103
it's very nice.
- Very nice.
312
00:59:10,517 --> 00:59:12,103
- Oh, you brought your stuff.
313
00:59:14,137 --> 00:59:20,034
- I think that my aunt wanted
the workers to be recognized,
314
00:59:21,103 --> 00:59:22,655
that had not been.
315
00:59:22,862 --> 00:59:24,896
Everyone. So she had
316
00:59:24,896 --> 00:59:27,379
a contest, of all people
317
00:59:27,482 --> 00:59:29,068
that were alive
318
00:59:30,137 --> 00:59:35,413
that had been the true
workers that used that
shovel to dig that dirt,
319
00:59:35,689 --> 00:59:39,517
that had to live in areas that
no one else would.
320
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:45,793
These people that has to work
hours that no one else would
321
00:59:45,793 --> 00:59:48,793
and live in conditions
that no one else would.
322
00:59:49,137 --> 00:59:52,034
And they dig that canal for
323
00:59:52,793 --> 00:59:56,586
other people to sit in, say,
the Tivoli, and drink tea.
324
00:59:56,965 --> 01:00:00,275
I mean I know that sounds
crazy, but that's what
ended up happening.
325
01:00:00,586 --> 01:00:04,000
And these people needed to be recognized.
326
01:00:04,275 --> 01:00:06,103
But she also wanted to hear their stories,
327
01:00:06,103 --> 01:00:08,517
what they really did
and how they did it.
328
01:00:09,275 --> 01:00:10,689
And she wanted us
all to hear it.
329
01:00:11,137 --> 01:00:12,896
The letters that my aunt got,
330
01:00:13,137 --> 01:00:15,103
received during the contest,
331
01:00:16,034 --> 01:00:19,448
I know they're in the Library of Congress,
332
01:00:19,551 --> 01:00:22,551
but I wonder if they should be there... stay there.
333
01:00:22,689 --> 01:00:24,586
And I'll tell you why -
I have a problem.
334
01:00:24,689 --> 01:00:27,931
I think the history
of the Panama Canal
335
01:00:29,000 --> 01:00:32,620
is going to be slowly lost,
and not matter.
336
01:00:33,310 --> 01:00:35,275
It's just my little thing.
337
01:00:38,758 --> 01:00:41,103
So what's there,
338
01:00:42,793 --> 01:00:44,379
and who will it matter to?
339
01:00:46,482 --> 01:00:48,137
Will it matter to Panama?
340
01:00:48,310 --> 01:00:50,551
If it does then that's
where things should go.
341
01:00:52,862 --> 01:00:58,034
Not in a vault in the
U.S. Library of Congress.
342
01:00:58,793 --> 01:00:59,758
That's how I feel.
343
01:04:51,034 --> 01:04:53,000
[agitated piano music]
344
01:06:21,172 --> 01:06:22,344
[cart squeaking]
345
01:06:32,793 --> 01:06:33,551
- Thank you.
346
01:06:33,620 --> 01:06:34,517
- Is that it?
347
01:06:34,517 --> 01:06:35,137
- That's it.
348
01:06:35,724 --> 01:06:36,896
- Yes, thank you, sir.
349
01:06:37,068 --> 01:06:41,241
- You're welcome. So here are
the letters, the box...
350
01:06:43,655 --> 01:06:45,724
And Juan can do whatever
he wants to do with them,
351
01:06:45,827 --> 01:06:48,172
throw them all over the floor,
cut them up with scissors...
352
01:06:48,206 --> 01:06:49,689
- No way! [laughter]
353
01:06:51,034 --> 01:06:52,586
- No, we wouldn't
like you to do that.
354
01:06:52,724 --> 01:06:55,586
- We heard that this box
is called #25.
355
01:06:55,862 --> 01:06:56,862
- Yes, #25.
356
01:06:56,965 --> 01:06:58,068
- Oh I guess so, yes.
357
01:06:58,482 --> 01:07:02,793
- Canal Zone Library Museum,
and this is box 25.
358
01:07:48,172 --> 01:07:50,655
[somber music]
359
01:08:10,310 --> 01:08:12,206
[uneasy music]
360
01:08:32,241 --> 01:08:34,206
[uneasy music continues]
361
01:09:25,206 --> 01:09:30,172
[rumba-style music]
25923
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