Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,497 --> 00:00:03,247
(dramatic music)
2
00:00:22,540 --> 00:00:25,070
{\an8}A ghostly hulk on a sandy grave
3
00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:26,903
off the South American coast.
4
00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:32,740
Yet this crumbling tomb was once a pride of the Nazi fleet,
5
00:00:32,740 --> 00:00:35,080
a deadly weapon of war that sent scores
6
00:00:35,080 --> 00:00:37,280
of sailors and ships to the bottom.
7
00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:39,610
They were in fact one of the best submarines
8
00:00:39,610 --> 00:00:40,540
in the German Navy.
9
00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:43,100
She's armed with 15 torpedoes as well as a deck gun,
10
00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:46,360
and she is absolutely deadly weapon of war.
11
00:00:46,360 --> 00:00:49,040
In command, a legendary U-boat ace,
12
00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,283
respected and admired on both sides.
13
00:00:52,270 --> 00:00:54,120
Guggenberger was an excellent commanding officer
14
00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:55,100
and leader of men.
15
00:00:55,100 --> 00:00:56,940
He was in the finest tradition
16
00:00:56,940 --> 00:00:59,200
of the German submarine commanders.
17
00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:01,640
But the tide turned and the wolfpacks
18
00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:03,750
were ruthlessly hunted down.
19
00:01:03,750 --> 00:01:05,700
They call for battle station,
20
00:01:05,700 --> 00:01:07,323
so all the guns are manned.
21
00:01:10,210 --> 00:01:12,490
Every bomb can be a hit.
22
00:01:12,490 --> 00:01:15,163
If someone says they weren't afraid, they're lying.
23
00:01:16,505 --> 00:01:20,398
(shouting in foreign language)
24
00:01:20,398 --> 00:01:21,920
(explosion booming)
25
00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:24,650
The U-513 vanished,
26
00:01:24,650 --> 00:01:28,150
but the U-995 is a rare survivor.
27
00:01:28,150 --> 00:01:32,770
More than 600 of her type were unleashed to prowl the seas.
28
00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:34,910
She's the only one left.
29
00:01:34,910 --> 00:01:38,680
Captured in 1945, she now rests on a beach
30
00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:41,920
below a memorial to the thousands of German sailors
31
00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:43,063
who didn't come back.
32
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:47,360
{\an8}It's interesting how the legend of the German Grey Wolves
33
00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:49,210
{\an8}endures to this day.
34
00:01:49,210 --> 00:01:51,830
{\an8}It's particularly interesting that people in the US
35
00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:53,600
and Britain seemed to be more fascinated
36
00:01:53,600 --> 00:01:55,230
by German submarines than they are
37
00:01:55,230 --> 00:01:56,880
with the exploits of their own.
38
00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,520
And I think we can only put it down really
39
00:01:58,520 --> 00:02:01,170
to the fascination with the underdog,
40
00:02:01,170 --> 00:02:04,103
with the defeated enemy, with the lost cause.
41
00:02:04,950 --> 00:02:06,940
Brazilian sailor and entrepreneur
42
00:02:06,940 --> 00:02:09,370
Vilfredo Schurmann is one of those
43
00:02:09,370 --> 00:02:11,660
captivated by the legend.
44
00:02:11,660 --> 00:02:13,340
When he heard the intriguing tale
45
00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:16,636
of a U-boat sunk off the coast of his native Brazil,
46
00:02:16,636 --> 00:02:18,336
he had to find it.
47
00:02:18,336 --> 00:02:22,336
(speaking in foreign language)
48
00:02:25,745 --> 00:02:26,960
{\an8}The U-boat has an incredibly
49
00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:28,380
{\an8}engaging history.
50
00:02:28,380 --> 00:02:30,680
It enthralled me immediately.
51
00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:33,150
It was as if I was being pulled into this search.
52
00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:35,290
Of course, not least because of my family.
53
00:02:35,290 --> 00:02:36,890
My father is German.
54
00:02:36,890 --> 00:02:39,100
I'm desperate to find out what this U-boat
55
00:02:39,100 --> 00:02:40,113
meant for the war.
56
00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:46,623
The Brazilian businessman was chasing a ghost,
57
00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:54,360
a legend that vanished under the waves in 1943, a lone wolf.
58
00:02:55,150 --> 00:02:55,983
The U-513.
59
00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:03,120
People said, "Forget it, Vilfredo.
60
00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:04,600
You will never find a thing.
61
00:03:04,600 --> 00:03:06,400
Give up, you're dreaming."
62
00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:09,095
I said, "No, we will find it."
63
00:03:09,095 --> 00:03:12,270
(speaking in foreign language)
64
00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:14,470
He wandered back through time
65
00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:17,130
to the desperate early days of the war
66
00:03:17,130 --> 00:03:20,253
when the so-called wolfpacks ruled the waves.
67
00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:25,603
German U-boats tore into Atlantic convoys.
68
00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:32,560
Vital supplies needed to keep Britain and her Allies afloat
69
00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:34,540
were sent into the abyss,
70
00:03:34,540 --> 00:03:36,803
along with many thousands of merchant seamen.
71
00:03:39,660 --> 00:03:41,770
There's no doubt that early in the war
72
00:03:41,770 --> 00:03:44,833
the Germans could have knocked Britain out using U-boats.
73
00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:47,610
Even the mightiest warships
74
00:03:47,610 --> 00:03:50,490
in the sheltered British naval base of Scapa Flow
75
00:03:50,490 --> 00:03:54,437
weren't safe after a Grey Wolf crept in.
76
00:03:54,437 --> 00:03:57,310
(dramatic music)
77
00:03:57,310 --> 00:03:59,340
Probably one of the greatest successes scored
78
00:03:59,340 --> 00:04:01,830
by the U-boat arm was Guenther Prien's penetration
79
00:04:01,830 --> 00:04:04,380
of Scapa Flow in 1939.
80
00:04:04,380 --> 00:04:06,130
This was striking at the Royal Navy
81
00:04:06,130 --> 00:04:09,600
right in its lair, in its prime base,
82
00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:12,533
and the propaganda's success of this was extraordinary.
83
00:04:13,420 --> 00:04:16,010
It was a navigational masterpiece.
84
00:04:16,010 --> 00:04:16,843
And on top of that,
85
00:04:16,843 --> 00:04:19,010
{\an8}there were barriers in front of the entrance
86
00:04:19,010 --> 00:04:21,290
{\an8}in this relatively small space.
87
00:04:21,290 --> 00:04:24,368
{\an8}Strong currents were also prevalent there.
88
00:04:24,368 --> 00:04:29,150
(speaking in foreign language)
89
00:04:29,150 --> 00:04:31,250
An American journalist described
90
00:04:31,250 --> 00:04:34,593
Guenther Prien as clean cut and cocky.
91
00:04:35,841 --> 00:04:37,783
He was also persistent.
92
00:04:38,980 --> 00:04:43,083
He fired three torpedoes at the battleship Royal Oak.
93
00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:47,313
All three failed.
94
00:04:49,865 --> 00:04:53,089
At great risk he launched another attack.
95
00:04:53,089 --> 00:04:56,172
(explosion booming)
96
00:04:58,220 --> 00:05:03,220
{\an8}British power was symbolized by its fleet, by sea power.
97
00:05:03,460 --> 00:05:07,180
{\an8}And here are young representatives of the Third Reich
98
00:05:08,290 --> 00:05:12,583
proving that the old British Empire hasn't got the strength.
99
00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:15,990
Royal Oak was an old ship.
100
00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:17,400
She hadn't been modernized,
101
00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,720
but to sink her in Britain's base,
102
00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:21,130
the base of what was still seen as
103
00:05:21,130 --> 00:05:22,740
the greatest Royal Navy in the world,
104
00:05:22,740 --> 00:05:23,730
the greatest navy in the world,
105
00:05:23,730 --> 00:05:25,460
was an extraordinary success.
106
00:05:26,931 --> 00:05:30,931
(speaking in foreign language)
107
00:05:35,207 --> 00:05:37,150
Prien became a celebrity,
108
00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:39,653
paraded before the propaganda cameras.
109
00:05:40,932 --> 00:05:44,932
(speaking in foreign language)
110
00:05:53,340 --> 00:05:55,440
The Nazi propaganda machine went into overdrive
111
00:05:55,440 --> 00:05:56,690
after Prien's success.
112
00:05:56,690 --> 00:05:58,650
So he was interviewed by Hitler.
113
00:05:58,650 --> 00:05:59,483
He was filmed.
114
00:05:59,483 --> 00:06:01,310
He was awarded the Knight's Cross.
115
00:06:01,310 --> 00:06:04,693
He was made into a young hero of the Third Reich.
116
00:06:06,260 --> 00:06:08,360
Hitler was delighted.
117
00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:11,950
His plans to conquer Europe and the Soviet Union
118
00:06:11,950 --> 00:06:14,717
would be much easier with Britain out of the war.
119
00:06:15,650 --> 00:06:17,920
U-boats could cut supply lines
120
00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:20,523
and starve the island nation into submission.
121
00:06:21,610 --> 00:06:23,900
Dönitz, the German commander of the German submarines,
122
00:06:23,900 --> 00:06:24,733
argued this.
123
00:06:24,733 --> 00:06:26,310
That if he had enough submarines,
124
00:06:26,310 --> 00:06:30,670
he could sink 600,000 tons of shipping per month,
125
00:06:30,670 --> 00:06:35,177
and this would knock Britain out of the war.
126
00:06:35,177 --> 00:06:37,680
The Nazi Kriegsmarine started
127
00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:40,680
with a fleet of 57 submarines.
128
00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:44,123
More than 1100 U-boats would be launched into battle.
129
00:06:46,970 --> 00:06:48,440
But as well as boats,
130
00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:51,023
the German Navy needed sailors to man them.
131
00:06:52,370 --> 00:06:54,630
A lot of young men would have looked at the U-boat arm
132
00:06:54,630 --> 00:06:58,106
and seen them as glamorous, successful,
133
00:06:58,106 --> 00:07:00,690
the spear point of the German Navy,
134
00:07:00,690 --> 00:07:02,110
when the rest of the fleet was spending
135
00:07:02,110 --> 00:07:03,740
an awful lot of time in port.
136
00:07:03,740 --> 00:07:06,190
And also we must remember that young men everywhere
137
00:07:06,190 --> 00:07:08,240
always think of themselves as invincible.
138
00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:13,023
Horst Bredow was just 17 when he enlisted.
139
00:07:14,358 --> 00:07:16,420
I desperately wanted to join the U-boat units
140
00:07:16,420 --> 00:07:17,733
when I joined the Navy.
141
00:07:19,066 --> 00:07:20,890
You were really put through the mill.
142
00:07:20,890 --> 00:07:22,623
They checked you thoroughly.
143
00:07:23,919 --> 00:07:25,219
You had to prove yourself.
144
00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,290
(speaking in foreign language)
145
00:07:29,290 --> 00:07:30,540
Recruits was sworn in
146
00:07:30,540 --> 00:07:32,930
with the Admiral Dönitz mantra.
147
00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:35,593
Attack, approach, sink it.
148
00:07:37,150 --> 00:07:41,010
This was an elite which you would want to
149
00:07:41,010 --> 00:07:42,980
connect yourself with.
150
00:07:42,980 --> 00:07:44,120
And it's a sign, I think,
151
00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:46,480
of the success of the propaganda machine,
152
00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:48,670
the cult of the U-boat aces,
153
00:07:48,670 --> 00:07:52,160
that it was so attractive for people to volunteer
154
00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:54,860
for what turned out perhaps to be a rather nasty,
155
00:07:54,860 --> 00:07:59,183
brutish, and short experience of operating submarines.
156
00:08:00,170 --> 00:08:03,970
But life at sea wasn't always the worst option.
157
00:08:03,970 --> 00:08:06,630
You could sit in a foxhole in the Russian front.
158
00:08:06,630 --> 00:08:07,790
You could perhaps train up
159
00:08:07,790 --> 00:08:10,430
as an ill-trained night fighter pilot,
160
00:08:10,430 --> 00:08:12,040
or you could go to sea in submarines
161
00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:14,700
where the risks on patrol were extraordinary,
162
00:08:14,700 --> 00:08:16,010
but when you came back,
163
00:08:16,010 --> 00:08:18,310
you were in France in relative safety,
164
00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:20,263
in a barracks in relative comfort.
165
00:08:23,650 --> 00:08:25,920
Sailors eager for adventure could travel
166
00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:28,370
across the globe in a new generation
167
00:08:28,370 --> 00:08:30,163
of long distance U-boats.
168
00:08:32,590 --> 00:08:35,043
The U-513 was one of them.
169
00:08:35,992 --> 00:08:37,800
The U-513 was a formidable weapon.
170
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:39,910
She is a Type IXC U-boat.
171
00:08:39,910 --> 00:08:41,870
These are long range U-boats designed
172
00:08:41,870 --> 00:08:43,530
for distant ocean patrolling.
173
00:08:43,530 --> 00:08:46,220
Sometimes they're called U-cruisers.
174
00:08:46,220 --> 00:08:48,250
So their endurance was something like
175
00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:50,460
13 and a half thousand miles
176
00:08:50,460 --> 00:08:51,830
instead of about eight and a half
177
00:08:51,830 --> 00:08:53,960
for a standard Type VII sea boat.
178
00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,530
She's armed with 15 torpedoes as well as a deck gun,
179
00:08:56,530 --> 00:08:59,417
and she is a absolutely deadly weapon of war.
180
00:09:00,658 --> 00:09:03,990
(speaking in foreign language)
181
00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:07,210
Her crew claimed four kills in a month,
182
00:09:07,210 --> 00:09:09,320
but then suffered a series of breakdowns
183
00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:10,883
in mechanics and morale.
184
00:09:11,820 --> 00:09:14,190
The commander was replaced by one of the most
185
00:09:14,190 --> 00:09:16,850
dynamic officers in the fleet,
186
00:09:16,850 --> 00:09:20,273
a 28-year-old who was already a legend.
187
00:09:21,310 --> 00:09:23,670
Friedrich Guggenberger is an interesting character.
188
00:09:23,670 --> 00:09:26,610
He's often portrayed as a maverick U-boat commander,
189
00:09:26,610 --> 00:09:28,610
and in fact Admiral Dönitz used to reprimand him
190
00:09:28,610 --> 00:09:30,300
for the length of his hair.
191
00:09:30,300 --> 00:09:31,520
But he was successful.
192
00:09:31,520 --> 00:09:33,930
He knew how to get results.
193
00:09:33,930 --> 00:09:36,040
By reputation he handled his submarine
194
00:09:36,040 --> 00:09:37,963
in a very aggressive kind of way.
195
00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:41,160
He was in the finest tradition
196
00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:44,083
of the German submarine commanders in that sense.
197
00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:47,340
He'd already sent at least a dozen ships
198
00:09:47,340 --> 00:09:50,404
to the bottom, including one stunning kill
199
00:09:50,404 --> 00:09:53,982
that sunk a prize of Britain's Royal Navy.
200
00:09:53,982 --> 00:09:56,170
Guggenberger's moment in the sun before this,
201
00:09:56,170 --> 00:09:58,380
and the moment where he really becomes a U-boat ace
202
00:09:58,380 --> 00:10:00,670
is when he torpedoes the British aircraft carrier
203
00:10:00,670 --> 00:10:02,280
HMS Ark Royal.
204
00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:04,160
The Germans have been going after Ark Royal
205
00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:05,690
since the start of the war,
206
00:10:05,690 --> 00:10:08,520
and have repeatedly claimed to have sunk her,
207
00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:11,295
but Guggenberger is the man who actually gets her.
208
00:10:11,295 --> 00:10:14,185
(speaking in foreign language)
209
00:10:14,185 --> 00:10:15,530
(explosion booming)
210
00:10:15,530 --> 00:10:18,873
It blasted another hole in British Naval pride.
211
00:10:20,283 --> 00:10:22,628
(speaking in foreign language)
212
00:10:22,628 --> 00:10:24,690
That was a real success
213
00:10:24,690 --> 00:10:26,470
because it created a hole.
214
00:10:26,470 --> 00:10:29,430
And in those days you didn't have this serial manufacturer
215
00:10:29,430 --> 00:10:31,110
of aircraft carriers.
216
00:10:31,110 --> 00:10:33,973
So every one of them was a serious loss for the enemy.
217
00:10:35,690 --> 00:10:39,140
Guggenberger became another fated U-boat ace,
218
00:10:39,140 --> 00:10:40,933
a hero of Nazi Germany.
219
00:10:42,001 --> 00:10:45,918
(speaking in foreign language)
220
00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:57,550
Ark Royal was a very important ship to both sides.
221
00:10:57,550 --> 00:10:59,350
so it was natural that Guggenberger,
222
00:10:59,350 --> 00:11:01,010
as the man who sank her,
223
00:11:01,010 --> 00:11:03,660
should be given the highest possible gallantry award
224
00:11:03,660 --> 00:11:06,230
with the maximum level of publicity.
225
00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:09,120
The British were sad that Ark Royal had finally been sunk.
226
00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:10,543
The Germans were overjoyed.
227
00:11:11,530 --> 00:11:13,640
He was awarded one of the highest honors
228
00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:15,300
by the Fuhrer himself.
229
00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:18,070
The Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.
230
00:11:18,070 --> 00:11:21,843
In May 1943 he had a new boat and a new mission.
231
00:11:23,400 --> 00:11:26,330
Loaded with torpedoes, enough food for 16 weeks,
232
00:11:26,330 --> 00:11:29,510
and tropical uniforms, they were bound for exotic,
233
00:11:29,510 --> 00:11:30,893
dangerous waters.
234
00:11:33,470 --> 00:11:36,530
The deadly consequences of Japan's surprise attack
235
00:11:36,530 --> 00:11:39,178
on Pearl Harbor in December 1941
236
00:11:39,178 --> 00:11:41,823
had spread far beyond the Pacific.
237
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:46,500
Hitler declared war on America three days later.
238
00:11:46,500 --> 00:11:49,310
Her vast industrial and military might
239
00:11:49,310 --> 00:11:50,833
brought the wolfpacks to heel.
240
00:11:53,030 --> 00:11:54,530
Once the US is in the war,
241
00:11:54,530 --> 00:11:56,570
the Western Hemisphere basically becomes
242
00:11:56,570 --> 00:11:58,210
just as dangerous as the mid-Atlantic
243
00:11:58,210 --> 00:11:59,940
in the east for U-boats.
244
00:11:59,940 --> 00:12:03,171
The entire might of the US Navy, the US Coast Guard,
245
00:12:03,171 --> 00:12:06,040
plus their Allies eventually like the Brazilians
246
00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:08,390
becomes arranged against the German submarines.
247
00:12:10,560 --> 00:12:12,820
America could build merchant ships
248
00:12:12,820 --> 00:12:14,820
faster than the Germans could sink them.
249
00:12:20,330 --> 00:12:22,410
As well as tanks and planes,
250
00:12:22,410 --> 00:12:26,323
factories churned out a stream of so-called Liberty ships.
251
00:12:27,730 --> 00:12:31,020
The key to the mass production of merchant ships
252
00:12:31,020 --> 00:12:33,830
was to come up with a simple common design
253
00:12:34,690 --> 00:12:38,030
which could be welded together quite rapidly.
254
00:12:38,030 --> 00:12:40,970
The tonnage lost could be replaced,
255
00:12:40,970 --> 00:12:44,363
and indeed the size of the Allied merchant fleet increased.
256
00:12:46,050 --> 00:12:48,780
No matter how many ships the U-boats sunk,
257
00:12:48,780 --> 00:12:51,230
there were two or three more to take their place.
258
00:12:52,210 --> 00:12:55,100
But fear of the Grey Wolves remained,
259
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:56,173
and for good reason.
260
00:13:00,090 --> 00:13:04,610
Long range U-boats were still prowling far and wide.
261
00:13:04,610 --> 00:13:08,770
In September 1942, the troop ship Laconia
262
00:13:08,770 --> 00:13:11,610
set sail from Cape Town for Liverpool.
263
00:13:11,610 --> 00:13:15,970
Civilians on board included 14-year-old Josephine Pratchett
264
00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:17,200
and her family.
265
00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:20,780
{\an8}At that time, the Atlantic U-boat war was at its height.
266
00:13:20,780 --> 00:13:24,717
{\an8}There were huge, tremendous successes for the U-boats.
267
00:13:24,717 --> 00:13:26,560
Our ship was very slow,
268
00:13:26,560 --> 00:13:29,510
belching out black smoke the whole time.
269
00:13:29,510 --> 00:13:33,470
And we knew we had to go through the Atlantic
270
00:13:33,470 --> 00:13:35,040
where they all were.
271
00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:37,200
Unfortunately for the Laconia,
272
00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:41,630
the U-156 was lurking off the West African coast.
273
00:13:41,630 --> 00:13:44,040
The passenger ship Laconia was armed
274
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:45,860
and operating as a troop ship,
275
00:13:45,860 --> 00:13:48,303
so she was absolutely a valid target.
276
00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:54,030
Lieutenant Commander Werner Hartenstein
277
00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:57,020
sees the opportunity to send another Allied ship
278
00:13:57,020 --> 00:13:57,853
to the bottom.
279
00:13:59,470 --> 00:14:01,900
It was horrendous.
280
00:14:01,900 --> 00:14:03,810
The ship lurched very badly.
281
00:14:03,810 --> 00:14:06,903
The explosion was extremely loud.
282
00:14:08,340 --> 00:14:09,990
And then there was a kind of
283
00:14:12,260 --> 00:14:13,093
incredulity, really.
284
00:14:13,093 --> 00:14:15,340
You know, a hush
285
00:14:16,270 --> 00:14:19,493
before the next torpedo struck.
286
00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:23,860
Many survivors were floundering in the water,
287
00:14:23,860 --> 00:14:26,120
including Italian prisoners,
288
00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,283
Lieutenant Commander Werner Hartenstein's allies.
289
00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:34,133
Then he realized there were
290
00:14:34,133 --> 00:14:35,253
Italians on board.
291
00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:37,530
There were prisoners on board,
292
00:14:37,530 --> 00:14:40,733
and his conscience was now stronger than any rules of war.
293
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:45,830
At great risk to himself and his men,
294
00:14:45,830 --> 00:14:49,680
Hartenstein surfaced and called other U-boats to help.
295
00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:54,200
His periscope came towards us, the submarine surfaced,
296
00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:58,550
and the captain came onto the deck,
297
00:14:58,550 --> 00:15:03,087
and with a megaphone he said in perfect English,
298
00:15:03,087 --> 00:15:05,800
"I would like all the women and children
299
00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:07,507
to come aboard my ship."
300
00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:13,233
Can you imagine the enemy saying that?
301
00:15:14,100 --> 00:15:16,720
We must also remember that what motivated him
302
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:18,640
was the fact that he heard the voices
303
00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:21,510
of Italian prisoners of war in the water, his allies.
304
00:15:21,510 --> 00:15:23,050
Whether he would have gone to the rescue
305
00:15:23,050 --> 00:15:25,890
of Allied survivors alone, who knows.
306
00:15:25,890 --> 00:15:28,190
But there's no doubt he did try and help everybody
307
00:15:28,190 --> 00:15:29,757
who was in the water.
308
00:15:29,757 --> 00:15:33,363
In times of war when you think what could have happened,
309
00:15:34,290 --> 00:15:39,290
so you expect you could be rescued by your own side,
310
00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:42,850
but you don't expect to be rescued by the other side,
311
00:15:42,850 --> 00:15:43,860
do you really?
312
00:15:43,860 --> 00:15:44,733
But we were.
313
00:15:45,670 --> 00:15:49,850
And not only that, but we were treated extremely well,
314
00:15:49,850 --> 00:15:51,573
and I've lived to tell the tale.
315
00:15:52,910 --> 00:15:55,830
Some survivors were taken onboard the U-boats.
316
00:15:55,830 --> 00:15:58,133
Others were towed in lifeboats behind them.
317
00:16:04,250 --> 00:16:05,390
It was one of the most elaborate
318
00:16:05,390 --> 00:16:07,430
rescue operations of the war.
319
00:16:12,027 --> 00:16:14,920
The lifeboats were being towed by the submarines.
320
00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:16,580
And he tried very hard to save
321
00:16:16,580 --> 00:16:18,200
as many survivors as possible,
322
00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:21,460
making himself extremely vulnerable.
323
00:16:21,460 --> 00:16:25,290
Hartenstein made an open radio call in English,
324
00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:28,770
assuring any ships that helped would not be attacked.
325
00:16:28,770 --> 00:16:30,870
It attracted deadly attention.
326
00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:33,180
It was an enemy submarine.
327
00:16:33,180 --> 00:16:36,430
He has a chance to sink it, try and sink it.
328
00:16:36,430 --> 00:16:38,493
Shoot first and ask questions afterwards.
329
00:16:39,690 --> 00:16:41,070
It's a ruthless decision,
330
00:16:41,070 --> 00:16:43,820
but they've got a chance to get a U-boat on the surface
331
00:16:43,820 --> 00:16:46,610
at a point where the U-boat war is the single biggest threat
332
00:16:46,610 --> 00:16:47,960
that the Allies are facing.
333
00:16:49,350 --> 00:16:51,500
He said, "It's too dangerous.
334
00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:54,610
I can't keep you on board anymore."
335
00:16:54,610 --> 00:16:56,280
Survivors were cut loose.
336
00:16:56,280 --> 00:16:58,620
Many were rescued by French ships.
337
00:16:58,620 --> 00:17:02,690
The U-156 escaped and received a stern general order
338
00:17:02,690 --> 00:17:04,520
from headquarters.
339
00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:06,000
One of the interesting consequences
340
00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:08,840
of the Hartenstein incident is that during its issues,
341
00:17:08,840 --> 00:17:10,970
the Laconian order, forbidding U-boat commanders
342
00:17:10,970 --> 00:17:12,490
from helping survivors.
343
00:17:12,490 --> 00:17:14,690
In reality, it doesn't make any difference.
344
00:17:14,690 --> 00:17:16,570
Conditions for U-boat commanders are getting
345
00:17:16,570 --> 00:17:18,530
very, very difficult at this point,
346
00:17:18,530 --> 00:17:21,140
and it's not long before no commander can afford
347
00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:24,040
the luxury of indulging in this kind of behavior,
348
00:17:24,040 --> 00:17:26,577
regardless of whether they get the opportunity or not.
349
00:17:32,010 --> 00:17:33,650
Like her sister boat involved
350
00:17:33,650 --> 00:17:35,320
in the Laconia incident,
351
00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:39,310
the U-513 was a long range weapon.
352
00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:41,830
She left her French base in Lorient
353
00:17:41,830 --> 00:17:44,073
on the 18th of May 1943.
354
00:17:47,020 --> 00:17:49,370
Her skipper, Friedrich Guggenberger,
355
00:17:49,370 --> 00:17:52,720
could have picked a safer option as an instructor.
356
00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:54,980
The German Navy would try to use the expertise
357
00:17:54,980 --> 00:17:56,600
of somebody like Guggenberger.
358
00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:58,890
And so there was good reason to use people
359
00:17:58,890 --> 00:18:01,630
like him in the training mode.
360
00:18:01,630 --> 00:18:05,640
But of course, these submarine commanders are aggressive.
361
00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:07,310
It's in their bones,
362
00:18:07,310 --> 00:18:11,440
and therefore he wanted to be sent out on patrol again.
363
00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:12,770
For most of her crew,
364
00:18:12,770 --> 00:18:14,973
it was the fourth assignment at sea.
365
00:18:18,100 --> 00:18:21,830
Torpedo mechanic Gunther Bleise was just a teenager,
366
00:18:21,830 --> 00:18:23,713
obliged to serve his Fuhrer.
367
00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:28,830
{\an8}I was 14 and my husband was 17 at the time,
368
00:18:28,830 --> 00:18:30,970
{\an8}and our childhood romance grew.
369
00:18:30,970 --> 00:18:32,650
{\an8}But then he had to become a soldier
370
00:18:32,650 --> 00:18:34,473
before he'd even turned 18.
371
00:18:37,270 --> 00:18:40,520
His engineering skills were in demand.
372
00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:44,460
Most young men who left on a U-boat never came back,
373
00:18:44,460 --> 00:18:46,793
but Margarethe would wait for her sweetheart.
374
00:18:50,690 --> 00:18:53,890
I knew he was the one when I was 13.
375
00:18:53,890 --> 00:18:54,958
And he was.
376
00:18:54,958 --> 00:18:58,607
(speaking in foreign language)
377
00:18:58,607 --> 00:19:01,300
It was a journey into the unknown.
378
00:19:01,300 --> 00:19:02,990
For operational security reasons,
379
00:19:02,990 --> 00:19:04,830
U-boat crews weren't told where they were going
380
00:19:04,830 --> 00:19:06,320
until they'd left harbor.
381
00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:08,800
Obviously what you don't want is the boys out for a night
382
00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:10,900
on the town, in the bars of Lorient,
383
00:19:10,900 --> 00:19:13,000
spouting to the locals about where they're going
384
00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:14,290
the next day.
385
00:19:14,290 --> 00:19:16,620
Walter Wittig was a radio operator
386
00:19:16,620 --> 00:19:19,103
on a sister ship of U-513.
387
00:19:20,650 --> 00:19:22,270
Of course you would think what was ahead
388
00:19:22,270 --> 00:19:24,310
{\an8}when you left on assignment.
389
00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:25,810
{\an8}Where are we going?
390
00:19:25,810 --> 00:19:29,166
{\an8}If someone says they weren't afraid, they're lying.
391
00:19:29,166 --> 00:19:33,640
(speaking in foreign language)
392
00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:34,970
Once out at sea,
393
00:19:34,970 --> 00:19:37,310
the orders finally came through.
394
00:19:37,310 --> 00:19:41,850
The U-513 faced a long voyage far beyond the relative safety
395
00:19:41,850 --> 00:19:44,133
of her home base on the French coast.
396
00:19:47,074 --> 00:19:49,824
(dramatic music)
397
00:19:52,290 --> 00:19:56,290
(speaking in foreign language)
398
00:19:57,860 --> 00:20:00,910
She set a course for the other side of the Atlantic,
399
00:20:00,910 --> 00:20:03,343
for the waters south of Rio de Janeiro.
400
00:20:04,704 --> 00:20:07,537
(dramatic music)
401
00:20:10,124 --> 00:20:12,530
It was a rich hunting ground for freighters
402
00:20:12,530 --> 00:20:15,983
carrying a vital raw material for the Allied war effort.
403
00:20:20,710 --> 00:20:23,780
Brazil is essentially the only large-scale source
404
00:20:23,780 --> 00:20:25,920
of rubber remaining to the Allies.
405
00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:27,330
The Germans ally, the Japanese,
406
00:20:27,330 --> 00:20:29,410
has captured nearly all the other major
407
00:20:29,410 --> 00:20:32,750
rubber producing areas: Indonesia, Malaysia, and so on.
408
00:20:32,750 --> 00:20:36,080
So Brazilian rubber becomes this vital resource
409
00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:37,750
for the Allied war effort.
410
00:20:37,750 --> 00:20:39,150
And the Germans know this.
411
00:20:39,150 --> 00:20:40,420
It's a long, long way away,
412
00:20:40,420 --> 00:20:41,870
but they're still able to dispatch
413
00:20:41,870 --> 00:20:43,993
these long range Type IX U-boats.
414
00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,100
On the long, uneventful voyage,
415
00:20:49,100 --> 00:20:52,900
the commander had to ensure his crew was ship-shape.
416
00:20:52,900 --> 00:20:54,870
It gave them the best possible chance
417
00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:57,020
of making it back home to their loved ones.
418
00:20:58,895 --> 00:21:01,891
(singing in foreign language)
419
00:21:01,891 --> 00:21:04,010
He's well aware that he's got perhaps
420
00:21:04,010 --> 00:21:06,180
a less than a 100% efficient crew.
421
00:21:06,180 --> 00:21:08,330
He drills them and trains them relentlessly
422
00:21:08,330 --> 00:21:10,240
as they cross the Atlantic.
423
00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:14,157
(yelling in foreign language)
424
00:21:25,260 --> 00:21:28,370
The big Type IXCs, these were very large U-boats,
425
00:21:28,370 --> 00:21:30,623
and they were known as slow divers.
426
00:21:32,498 --> 00:21:36,498
(speaking in foreign language)
427
00:21:38,071 --> 00:21:40,440
Guggenberger made sure that he ran,
428
00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:43,120
we say in English, a tight ship,
429
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:45,740
that the training of every member of the crew
430
00:21:45,740 --> 00:21:49,740
was absolutely vital to the efficiency of the submarine.
431
00:21:49,740 --> 00:21:52,270
And that to a very considerable extent
432
00:21:52,270 --> 00:21:55,410
the crew would have to be driven to make sure
433
00:21:55,410 --> 00:21:58,803
that they were operating at maximum efficiency.
434
00:22:00,617 --> 00:22:04,617
{\an8}(speaking in foreign language)
435
00:22:12,909 --> 00:22:14,950
And with an acknowledged ace in command,
436
00:22:14,950 --> 00:22:16,600
I suspect that the men,
437
00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:18,560
although they might grumble about it,
438
00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:22,120
probably felt confident in the end that they were in fact
439
00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:24,500
in one of the best submarines in the German Navy.
440
00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:27,740
In fact, their boat changed from being one of the worst
441
00:22:27,740 --> 00:22:29,100
to being one of the most potentially
442
00:22:29,100 --> 00:22:31,150
effective submarines in the Kriegsmarine.
443
00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:34,620
In a real attack,
444
00:22:34,620 --> 00:22:37,643
a U-boat on the surface was a sitting duck.
445
00:22:41,710 --> 00:22:43,770
The commander presses the alarm signal,
446
00:22:43,770 --> 00:22:46,270
and that means an emergency dive.
447
00:22:46,270 --> 00:22:49,453
Nobody knows if this is an exercise or the real thing.
448
00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:54,840
It took 35 seconds for a Type IXC to crash dive
449
00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:56,330
and get underwater.
450
00:22:56,330 --> 00:22:59,140
And it was absolutely essential that they shaved
451
00:22:59,140 --> 00:23:01,982
every second that they could after that time.
452
00:23:01,982 --> 00:23:03,986
(watch clicking)
453
00:23:03,986 --> 00:23:07,986
(speaking in foreign language)
454
00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:19,030
U-boats had to maintain a constant watch.
455
00:23:19,030 --> 00:23:22,610
Smoke on the horizon meant a possible target
456
00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:25,110
or an attacker closing in,
457
00:23:25,110 --> 00:23:28,320
but a long voyage to Brazil was mostly uneventful,
458
00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:31,133
hot, stinking and claustrophobic.
459
00:23:34,770 --> 00:23:36,340
We always said that the engineers
460
00:23:36,340 --> 00:23:40,460
designed a fantastic boat with fantastic technology,
461
00:23:40,460 --> 00:23:43,640
but when they finished they realized,
462
00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:45,833
dear god, people have to go in there, too.
463
00:23:47,260 --> 00:23:49,690
A chance to escape the cramped confines
464
00:23:49,690 --> 00:23:53,720
came when the horizon was clear and the water calm,
465
00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:57,680
the open sea a welcome reprieve from a steamy interior
466
00:23:57,680 --> 00:23:58,763
on a tropical voyage.
467
00:23:59,812 --> 00:24:02,395
(upbeat music)
468
00:24:04,720 --> 00:24:06,360
It was a mixture of sweat,
469
00:24:06,360 --> 00:24:10,070
torpedo fumes, chlorine fumes from the battery,
470
00:24:10,070 --> 00:24:11,930
also the smell of the galley.
471
00:24:11,930 --> 00:24:15,180
Now imagine all this together in one room.
472
00:24:15,180 --> 00:24:17,680
Eventually you no longer perceive it,
473
00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:19,550
but the circumstances under which the crew
474
00:24:19,550 --> 00:24:23,460
had to live in the U-boats are hard to imagine.
475
00:24:23,460 --> 00:24:27,460
(speaking in foreign language)
476
00:24:32,479 --> 00:24:34,100
Apart from the occasional rendezvous
477
00:24:34,100 --> 00:24:37,177
with supply vessels, including modified U-boats
478
00:24:37,177 --> 00:24:41,418
dubbed milk cows, crews were on their own.
479
00:24:41,418 --> 00:24:44,251
(dramatic music)
480
00:24:45,260 --> 00:24:48,860
Their lives depended on the seaworthiness of their boat,
481
00:24:48,860 --> 00:24:51,573
and there was a vast array of machinery to maintain.
482
00:24:52,410 --> 00:24:55,430
The all-important batteries needed constant topping up
483
00:24:55,430 --> 00:24:57,350
with fresh water.
484
00:24:57,350 --> 00:25:01,520
U-513 chief engineer Gunter Seidel was fanatical
485
00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:03,820
about preserving water.
486
00:25:03,820 --> 00:25:06,420
One of the major problems submarines face
487
00:25:06,420 --> 00:25:09,990
{\an8}right from the start was their very limited capacity
488
00:25:09,990 --> 00:25:11,403
{\an8}to carry fresh water.
489
00:25:12,411 --> 00:25:15,310
And this had effects on submariners' way of life.
490
00:25:15,310 --> 00:25:18,700
Washing and operating conventional submarines
491
00:25:18,700 --> 00:25:20,120
don't go together.
492
00:25:20,120 --> 00:25:21,580
Even today, in fact,
493
00:25:21,580 --> 00:25:24,283
conservation of water is very important.
494
00:25:25,797 --> 00:25:28,973
But when the miserly Seidel banned coffee,
495
00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:32,953
the commander stepped in.
496
00:25:35,747 --> 00:25:37,720
Guggenberger was an excellent commanding officer
497
00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:40,320
and leader of men, but he also has an absolutely,
498
00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:44,476
finely nuanced eye for reading his men's moods.
499
00:25:44,476 --> 00:25:48,476
(speaking in foreign language)
500
00:25:56,670 --> 00:25:58,640
A good example of that is the story of
501
00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:02,200
his chief engineer banning coffee to preserve water,
502
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:03,910
and one has some sympathy for him.
503
00:26:03,910 --> 00:26:05,500
Water's a vital resource,
504
00:26:05,500 --> 00:26:07,920
but Guggenberger reads the mood and goes, no,
505
00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:09,510
the men are having their coffee
506
00:26:09,510 --> 00:26:11,593
and immediately gets them onside.
507
00:26:19,251 --> 00:26:21,480
(speaking in foreign language)
508
00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,850
Comradery was an important thing on board.
509
00:26:24,850 --> 00:26:27,270
{\an8}Of course, there was a difference between superiors
510
00:26:27,270 --> 00:26:30,320
{\an8}and subordinates, but not in the same way as it was
511
00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:32,033
on a big ship or on land.
512
00:26:32,940 --> 00:26:35,070
That didn't exist on a U-boat.
513
00:26:35,070 --> 00:26:37,240
It was a tight-knit community.
514
00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:42,040
(speaking in foreign language)
515
00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:44,500
Crammed together in small steel tube
516
00:26:44,500 --> 00:26:46,550
thousands of miles from home,
517
00:26:46,550 --> 00:26:49,350
events like birthdays broke the monotony
518
00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:51,378
of endless days at sea.
519
00:26:51,378 --> 00:26:55,260
(singing in foreign language)
520
00:26:55,260 --> 00:26:56,900
It's not possible to teach someone
521
00:26:56,900 --> 00:26:59,270
{\an8}who's been blind from birth about color.
522
00:26:59,270 --> 00:27:01,000
{\an8}And if you haven't lived through it,
523
00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:04,140
{\an8}this state of being completely reliant on each other,
524
00:27:04,140 --> 00:27:05,250
it's difficult to understand
525
00:27:05,250 --> 00:27:07,200
what this companionship actually meant.
526
00:27:08,429 --> 00:27:12,429
(speaking in foreign language)
527
00:27:16,260 --> 00:27:18,840
Submariners could spend weeks at sea
528
00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:20,343
without seeing another boat,
529
00:27:24,340 --> 00:27:26,200
yet their orders were clear.
530
00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:28,214
Sink ships.
531
00:27:28,214 --> 00:27:31,047
(dramatic music)
532
00:27:37,550 --> 00:27:39,240
You travel back and forth,
533
00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:42,160
hoping you will come across someone, anyone.
534
00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,980
(speaking in foreign language)
535
00:27:45,980 --> 00:27:48,569
After two months at sea,
536
00:27:48,569 --> 00:27:51,970
(yelling in foreign language)
537
00:27:51,970 --> 00:27:55,203
the lookouts spotted a target on the 21st of June.
538
00:27:57,370 --> 00:27:58,740
(yelling in foreign language)
539
00:27:58,740 --> 00:28:02,080
{\an8}Sinking a enemy ship with a torpedo from a submarine
540
00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:05,306
{\an8}is a really tricky business.
541
00:28:05,306 --> 00:28:06,530
(speaking in foreign language)
542
00:28:06,530 --> 00:28:09,193
It's a scientific mathematical game.
543
00:28:10,079 --> 00:28:11,960
(speaking in foreign language)
544
00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:15,120
What the commanding officer has to do is look at his target
545
00:28:16,020 --> 00:28:17,980
and he has to judge where it's gonna be
546
00:28:17,980 --> 00:28:19,863
when his torpedo reaches it.
547
00:28:21,410 --> 00:28:24,552
So he's looking at the speed and course of the target.
548
00:28:24,552 --> 00:28:26,410
(speaking in foreign language)
549
00:28:26,410 --> 00:28:28,050
He's looking at the speed and direction
550
00:28:28,050 --> 00:28:30,000
of travel of his torpedo.
551
00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:33,626
And if he gets it right, they'll meet on the cross.
552
00:28:33,626 --> 00:28:37,543
(speaking in foreign language)
553
00:28:41,230 --> 00:28:44,020
What a submarine captain can't do is stay on the surface
554
00:28:44,020 --> 00:28:45,920
with his periscope and look at what's happening.
555
00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:47,526
It's far too dangerous.
556
00:28:47,526 --> 00:28:50,470
(speaking in foreign language)
557
00:28:50,470 --> 00:28:52,830
So what he does is he will fire his torpedo
558
00:28:52,830 --> 00:28:55,014
to his calculations, fire his torpedo.
559
00:28:55,014 --> 00:28:58,931
(speaking in foreign language)
560
00:29:02,029 --> 00:29:05,110
(watch ticking)
561
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:06,840
And then the eels go off
562
00:29:06,840 --> 00:29:08,780
and we sit and we wait.
563
00:29:08,780 --> 00:29:11,210
Eyes on the stopwatch to see how much longer
564
00:29:11,210 --> 00:29:13,973
they should travel, and wait for the bang.
565
00:29:16,482 --> 00:29:19,560
The stopwatch is his running time for that torpedo.
566
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:22,360
When it reaches, say 50 seconds or two minutes
567
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,976
or four minutes, he should hear the thump.
568
00:29:25,976 --> 00:29:28,961
(explosion booming)
569
00:29:28,961 --> 00:29:31,259
(explosion thumping)
570
00:29:31,259 --> 00:29:33,176
(speaking in foreign language)
571
00:29:33,176 --> 00:29:35,843
(crew cheering)
572
00:29:39,937 --> 00:29:42,973
The Swedish freighter Venezia was sunk.
573
00:29:43,870 --> 00:29:47,363
The crew saved themselves, but this wasn't always the case.
574
00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:53,640
{\an8}When they managed to one, they all cheered.
575
00:29:53,640 --> 00:29:55,360
{\an8}The crew was elated.
576
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:56,300
It's understandable.
577
00:29:56,300 --> 00:29:57,250
This was their job.
578
00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:01,630
For most U-boat crews,
579
00:30:01,630 --> 00:30:03,910
such elation was short-lived.
580
00:30:03,910 --> 00:30:07,750
Allied ships and planes worked together to protect convoys,
581
00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:11,193
and to hunt and destroy boats like the U-513.
582
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:21,040
By '43, you are facing a mature anti-submarine system.
583
00:30:22,380 --> 00:30:25,060
There are some ships that are in convoy.
584
00:30:25,060 --> 00:30:26,610
Other ships are not.
585
00:30:26,610 --> 00:30:29,650
But the Americans have developed a very effective
586
00:30:29,650 --> 00:30:33,583
hunter-killer system for dealing with submarines.
587
00:30:35,910 --> 00:30:38,880
And as Guggenberger found off the Brazilian coast
588
00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:41,050
in the summer of 1943,
589
00:30:41,050 --> 00:30:43,523
it was almost as bad as being in mid-Atlantic.
590
00:30:44,550 --> 00:30:46,500
Bad weather was no cover.
591
00:30:46,500 --> 00:30:49,923
The hunter-killers could still find a U-boat in a storm.
592
00:30:53,250 --> 00:30:56,270
The most important thing was to get as deep as possible
593
00:30:56,270 --> 00:30:57,673
as fast as possible.
594
00:30:58,842 --> 00:31:02,842
(speaking in foreign language)
595
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:07,260
On the surface, a U-boat is just a very thin-skinned,
596
00:31:07,260 --> 00:31:09,540
slow, and very vulnerable metal boat.
597
00:31:10,452 --> 00:31:14,452
(speaking in foreign language)
598
00:31:18,580 --> 00:31:20,700
Silence on a submerged submarine is vital
599
00:31:20,700 --> 00:31:22,150
if you're not gonna be found.
600
00:31:26,752 --> 00:31:30,752
(speaking in foreign language)
601
00:31:34,570 --> 00:31:36,210
Ping is active sonar.
602
00:31:36,210 --> 00:31:39,110
Passive sonar is a guy with headphones
603
00:31:39,110 --> 00:31:41,470
and effectively ears on the side of his ship,
604
00:31:41,470 --> 00:31:44,100
and they can hear the slightest noise.
605
00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:46,180
You can only be really quiet.
606
00:31:46,180 --> 00:31:47,730
Don't run about.
607
00:31:47,730 --> 00:31:48,987
All machines are off.
608
00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:52,563
But other than that, you can do virtually nothing.
609
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:56,380
That's the guy who would hear you drop
610
00:31:56,380 --> 00:31:57,780
your pen on the deck.
611
00:31:57,780 --> 00:31:59,170
Once you've done that,
612
00:31:59,170 --> 00:32:02,120
the searching warship knows that there's a submarine there.
613
00:32:03,117 --> 00:32:07,034
(speaking in foreign language)
614
00:32:10,550 --> 00:32:13,524
Then they can start pinging with their active sonar.
615
00:32:13,524 --> 00:32:16,191
(sonar pinging)
616
00:32:17,850 --> 00:32:19,660
That's when they learn to pray.
617
00:32:19,660 --> 00:32:22,100
And find you and find how deep you are,
618
00:32:22,100 --> 00:32:23,770
and find how far away you are,
619
00:32:23,770 --> 00:32:25,420
and then you're essentially dead.
620
00:32:27,475 --> 00:32:30,405
(yelling in foreign language)
621
00:32:30,405 --> 00:32:33,405
(explosion booming)
622
00:32:38,237 --> 00:32:40,070
(speaking in foreign language)
623
00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:42,400
Every bomb can be a hit.
624
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:44,580
What's important is that the bombs explode
625
00:32:44,580 --> 00:32:47,010
above the boat and not below the boat.
626
00:32:47,010 --> 00:32:50,621
If they explode below, it's usually all over.
627
00:32:50,621 --> 00:32:54,621
(speaking in foreign language)
628
00:33:04,144 --> 00:33:06,600
You can't really describe it.
629
00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:08,760
Once we had a situation where it went on
630
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:11,598
from eight in the morning until 10 at night.
631
00:33:11,598 --> 00:33:12,990
(speaking in foreign language)
632
00:33:12,990 --> 00:33:14,847
And then you have three ships up there
633
00:33:14,847 --> 00:33:18,063
and they cross over and take turns discharging bombs.
634
00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:23,180
The stress of being repeatedly depth charged
635
00:33:23,180 --> 00:33:25,730
and hunted down for hours and hours and hours at a time
636
00:33:25,730 --> 00:33:28,470
is again almost inconceivable for us today.
637
00:33:28,470 --> 00:33:31,370
The psychological reflex is to fight or flee,
638
00:33:31,370 --> 00:33:32,980
and the submariner can't do that.
639
00:33:32,980 --> 00:33:34,893
He just to sit there and take it.
640
00:33:36,071 --> 00:33:37,170
That's when you try not to
641
00:33:37,170 --> 00:33:38,960
think about anything.
642
00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:42,960
(speaking in foreign language)
643
00:33:44,770 --> 00:33:48,600
American planes sunk at least 16 U-boats
644
00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:51,657
in the South Atlantic in 1943 and '44.
645
00:33:57,160 --> 00:34:00,250
At the beginning of July 1943,
646
00:34:00,250 --> 00:34:04,153
the U-513 had survived to kill another day.
647
00:34:05,940 --> 00:34:08,580
Once a target was spotted, the crew tried to
648
00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:11,023
identify it using a shipping register.
649
00:34:13,914 --> 00:34:17,831
(speaking in foreign language)
650
00:34:19,419 --> 00:34:22,473
(dramatic music)
651
00:34:22,473 --> 00:34:25,626
(speaking in foreign language)
652
00:34:25,626 --> 00:34:29,030
The U-513 scored five impressive kills
653
00:34:29,030 --> 00:34:31,220
off the Brazilian coast,
654
00:34:31,220 --> 00:34:34,453
including two American-built Liberty freighters.
655
00:34:39,670 --> 00:34:41,380
Guggenberger manages to seek five ships
656
00:34:41,380 --> 00:34:44,680
off the coast of Brazil in summer of 1943.
657
00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:46,570
This is not a good time for U-boats.
658
00:34:46,570 --> 00:34:48,720
The U-boat campaign is on the way in here.
659
00:34:48,720 --> 00:34:50,720
The U-boat army is being defeated,
660
00:34:50,720 --> 00:34:52,570
and it speaks volumes for his qualities
661
00:34:52,570 --> 00:34:54,200
as a commanding officer that he manages
662
00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:56,410
to achieve that kind of success rate
663
00:34:56,410 --> 00:34:59,300
in a very difficult period for submarine commanders.
664
00:35:00,281 --> 00:35:03,114
(dramatic music)
665
00:35:16,610 --> 00:35:18,930
But success seems to have sparked
666
00:35:18,930 --> 00:35:22,663
a rare moment of carelessness by the veteran U-boat ace.
667
00:35:24,070 --> 00:35:27,987
(speaking in foreign language)
668
00:35:30,970 --> 00:35:35,970
The U-513 sent a radio report back to headquarters.
669
00:35:36,017 --> 00:35:37,939
(speaking in foreign language)
670
00:35:37,939 --> 00:35:40,410
At the start of the war that was normal,
671
00:35:40,410 --> 00:35:44,083
but other than that we hardly ever sent long radio messages.
672
00:35:45,892 --> 00:35:47,810
(speaking in foreign language)
673
00:35:47,810 --> 00:35:49,550
I only ever sent a single message
674
00:35:49,550 --> 00:35:51,320
from the Brazilian coastline,
675
00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:53,363
and that was a signal with seven letters.
676
00:35:54,205 --> 00:35:56,680
(speaking in foreign language)
677
00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:58,630
Even a short message could reveal
678
00:35:58,630 --> 00:36:00,670
a U-boat's position.
679
00:36:00,670 --> 00:36:03,530
You need two receivers, both of which will intercept
680
00:36:03,530 --> 00:36:05,560
the same wireless transmission.
681
00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:07,700
What you get then is a cross bearing.
682
00:36:07,700 --> 00:36:10,300
And if you run down the bearings where they cross,
683
00:36:10,300 --> 00:36:12,370
that's exactly where the U-boat is,
684
00:36:12,370 --> 00:36:14,670
and then you can dispatch escort forces
685
00:36:14,670 --> 00:36:16,630
and hunter-killer groups to go find the submarine
686
00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:18,160
and sink it.
687
00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:20,930
Basically what he was saying in code was,
688
00:36:20,930 --> 00:36:23,163
here I am, come and kill me.
689
00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:26,420
American mariner sea planes
690
00:36:26,420 --> 00:36:28,050
were a lethal threat,
691
00:36:28,050 --> 00:36:31,593
able to zero in on any U-boat caught on the surface.
692
00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:37,260
The Americans had a very effective
693
00:36:37,260 --> 00:36:40,690
radio direction finding system for, as we say,
694
00:36:40,690 --> 00:36:45,690
queuing flying boats to go out and search in areas.
695
00:36:46,790 --> 00:36:50,580
This is a great, big, lumbering flying boat
696
00:36:50,580 --> 00:36:53,540
bristling with weaponry, capable of flying thousands
697
00:36:53,540 --> 00:36:56,220
of miles out across the ocean and back again.
698
00:36:56,220 --> 00:37:00,980
And when this aircraft encounters U-513 on the surface,
699
00:37:00,980 --> 00:37:03,143
the odds are heavily in favor of the pilot.
700
00:37:04,290 --> 00:37:07,170
I decided to turn on the radar
701
00:37:07,170 --> 00:37:11,644
and flipped it on and started watching it awhile.
702
00:37:11,644 --> 00:37:15,440
{\an8}And then I saw this very peculiar breadth
703
00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:19,033
{\an8}which was very sharp and very distinct.
704
00:37:19,950 --> 00:37:22,960
I thought it was a fishing boat at first.
705
00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:26,320
Has a little curve to it, but it was so bright.
706
00:37:26,320 --> 00:37:28,910
It just, just jumped out at you.
707
00:37:28,910 --> 00:37:31,823
It didn't seem quite right for a wooden vessel.
708
00:37:33,147 --> 00:37:35,980
(dramatic music)
709
00:37:37,572 --> 00:37:41,770
And one of the bombardier, he got binoculars,
710
00:37:41,770 --> 00:37:43,990
and he says it's a submarine.
711
00:37:43,990 --> 00:37:47,490
And then Roy, Roy started working his way
712
00:37:47,490 --> 00:37:51,403
into the clouds so that he would be better concealed.
713
00:37:52,920 --> 00:37:54,150
Guggenberger is caught napping
714
00:37:54,150 --> 00:37:56,770
by the mariner patrol aircraft.
715
00:37:56,770 --> 00:37:57,990
There are several options he could have done.
716
00:37:57,990 --> 00:37:59,940
He could have immediately ordered his crew below
717
00:37:59,940 --> 00:38:02,180
and crash dived as soon as possible.
718
00:38:02,180 --> 00:38:03,537
Guns to extension!
719
00:38:05,590 --> 00:38:08,520
But it's still gonna take 35 seconds,
720
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:10,570
which would have seemed agonizingly long.
721
00:38:11,539 --> 00:38:14,230
(gun firing)
722
00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:16,160
Basically he's lost the battle, really,
723
00:38:16,160 --> 00:38:18,110
when the aircraft catches him unawares.
724
00:38:19,290 --> 00:38:21,260
They call for battle station,
725
00:38:21,260 --> 00:38:22,943
so all the guns are manned.
726
00:38:23,930 --> 00:38:25,170
According to one account,
727
00:38:25,170 --> 00:38:27,420
the deck gun jammed.
728
00:38:27,420 --> 00:38:29,940
But whatever firepower was available,
729
00:38:29,940 --> 00:38:31,930
it was no match for the mariner.
730
00:38:31,930 --> 00:38:34,680
The greatest terror for any U-boat commander in 1943
731
00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:37,210
is to be caught on the surface by an aircraft.
732
00:38:37,210 --> 00:38:40,490
An aircraft is a almost guaranteed U-boat killer.
733
00:38:40,490 --> 00:38:42,370
And certainly what submarines don't have
734
00:38:42,370 --> 00:38:45,783
is a chance of fighting out the battle against an airplane.
735
00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:49,160
The mariner dropped depth charges
736
00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:51,340
around the U-513.
737
00:38:51,340 --> 00:38:54,310
A killer blow exploded just below the boat.
738
00:39:02,450 --> 00:39:06,280
Torpedo mechanic Gunther Bleise was one of the lucky few
739
00:39:06,280 --> 00:39:07,903
saved by a shipmate.
740
00:39:16,270 --> 00:39:18,167
He had seen the aircraft and called down,
741
00:39:18,167 --> 00:39:19,767
"Gunther, come up here!"
742
00:39:22,690 --> 00:39:24,600
We'll never know if it was intuition.
743
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:26,680
If that hadn't happened, he would have sunk
744
00:39:26,680 --> 00:39:28,276
with the rest of them.
745
00:39:28,276 --> 00:39:32,280
(speaking in foreign language)
746
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:34,210
For most of those on board,
747
00:39:34,210 --> 00:39:35,963
the boat became their tomb.
748
00:39:43,120 --> 00:39:48,070
66 years later, the search for the U-513 started
749
00:39:48,070 --> 00:39:51,080
with a former American airman who played a key role
750
00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:51,913
in sinking it.
751
00:39:51,913 --> 00:39:53,480
Hello, Mr. Stotts.
752
00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:54,313
Nice to meet you.
753
00:39:54,313 --> 00:39:56,350
Determined to find the enigmatic wreck
754
00:39:56,350 --> 00:39:57,840
off his native Brazil,
755
00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:01,233
businessman Vilfredo Schurmann was hunting for clues.
756
00:40:07,740 --> 00:40:11,290
The U-513 kill daubed on the plane that sent her
757
00:40:11,290 --> 00:40:12,123
to the bottom.
758
00:40:15,410 --> 00:40:18,540
The former airman had the approximate coordinates
759
00:40:18,540 --> 00:40:20,680
of where his crew had sunk her.
760
00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:22,430
I don't really know.
761
00:40:22,430 --> 00:40:26,370
You could, you could take in there they give the position
762
00:40:26,370 --> 00:40:28,240
that the Navy thinks it was.
763
00:40:28,240 --> 00:40:30,220
And you can figure that out.
764
00:40:30,220 --> 00:40:33,033
How far off shore we were.
765
00:40:34,579 --> 00:40:36,090
That's all there is right there.
766
00:40:36,090 --> 00:40:38,513
The coordinates were not precise.
767
00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:48,270
From Texas, the quest to find the U-513 continued
768
00:40:48,270 --> 00:40:52,073
from the Brazilian port of Florianopolis, south of Rio.
769
00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:57,180
Local fishermen provided more clues.
770
00:40:57,180 --> 00:41:00,660
The locations of mysterious obstacles on the sea floor
771
00:41:00,660 --> 00:41:02,650
that tore their nets.
772
00:41:02,650 --> 00:41:04,610
{\an8}It's cold, but inside I'm feeling
773
00:41:04,610 --> 00:41:05,783
{\an8}hot with excitement.
774
00:41:07,260 --> 00:41:09,780
Another intriguing voyage began
775
00:41:09,780 --> 00:41:11,590
to the scene of a fateful battle
776
00:41:11,590 --> 00:41:13,543
a hundred kilometers off shore.
777
00:41:14,820 --> 00:41:17,760
The crew deployed a side scan sonar,
778
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:21,043
a radar device they hoped would reveal the lost wreck.
779
00:41:23,210 --> 00:41:27,370
But after 17 trips and days of searching,
780
00:41:27,370 --> 00:41:29,310
the enigmatic U-boat eluded them
781
00:41:33,650 --> 00:41:35,880
until a strange signal emerged
782
00:41:35,880 --> 00:41:38,783
some 75 meters below the boat.
783
00:41:38,783 --> 00:41:42,700
(speaking in foreign language)
784
00:41:58,281 --> 00:42:00,948
(crew cheering)
785
00:42:02,650 --> 00:42:06,860
An elated crew were sure they'd found the U-513,
786
00:42:06,860 --> 00:42:10,173
but the object was too deep for divers to investigate.
787
00:42:13,808 --> 00:42:17,070
(speaking in foreign language)
788
00:42:17,070 --> 00:42:19,800
A remote controlled camera was sent down to
789
00:42:19,800 --> 00:42:22,943
illuminate what lay in the eerie darkness below.
790
00:42:23,957 --> 00:42:27,957
(speaking in foreign language)
791
00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:36,150
Divers checked that the video link to the ship was working
792
00:42:36,150 --> 00:42:38,753
before the camera was directed to the sea floor.
793
00:42:42,660 --> 00:42:45,490
There were anxious moments as another apparently
794
00:42:45,490 --> 00:42:48,343
featureless sandy vista stretched before them,
795
00:42:52,890 --> 00:42:56,253
until a ghostly shape emerged in the gloom.
796
00:42:57,088 --> 00:43:00,010
After almost 70 years after she vanished,
797
00:43:00,010 --> 00:43:03,433
the Grey Wolf U-513 was found.
798
00:43:06,060 --> 00:43:08,727
(crew cheering)
799
00:43:12,685 --> 00:43:15,518
(dramatic music)
800
00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:24,613
A wreck, and also a grave for 46 sailors.
801
00:43:25,458 --> 00:43:28,291
(dramatic music)
802
00:43:36,030 --> 00:43:40,260
A torn hull, evidence of the depth charge blast
803
00:43:40,260 --> 00:43:41,710
that sent them to their doom.
804
00:43:46,009 --> 00:43:49,926
(speaking in foreign language)
805
00:43:51,597 --> 00:43:54,430
(dramatic music)
806
00:44:07,157 --> 00:44:10,470
But a lucky few escaped in the critical seconds
807
00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:11,443
before she sank.
808
00:44:12,780 --> 00:44:16,320
After the attack, there were about
809
00:44:16,320 --> 00:44:18,990
five or six men in the water.
810
00:44:18,990 --> 00:44:20,580
So
811
00:44:20,580 --> 00:44:24,313
we circled low and dropped two life rafts.
812
00:44:25,360 --> 00:44:27,080
Among the survivors,
813
00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:30,893
the captain and legendary U-boat ace Friedrich Guggenberger.
814
00:44:32,373 --> 00:44:33,760
Guggenberger obviously chooses not to go
815
00:44:33,760 --> 00:44:34,610
down with his ship.
816
00:44:34,610 --> 00:44:36,960
To be honest, this whole issue of of a captain
817
00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:40,340
going down with his ship is sentimental rubbish.
818
00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:43,560
A captain's duty on either side is to get back,
819
00:44:43,560 --> 00:44:45,950
get back in the war and bring back the lessons
820
00:44:45,950 --> 00:44:48,700
that he's learned from the battle that he's taken part in.
821
00:44:48,700 --> 00:44:50,500
And you'll find that on both sides
822
00:44:50,500 --> 00:44:51,640
during the Second World War,
823
00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:54,050
most commanding officers will try and keep themselves
824
00:44:54,050 --> 00:44:55,440
and their men alive.
825
00:44:55,440 --> 00:44:57,510
Even when scrambling for their lives,
826
00:44:57,510 --> 00:45:00,546
crewmen continued to respect their skipper.
827
00:45:00,546 --> 00:45:02,754
(speaking in foreign language)
828
00:45:02,754 --> 00:45:04,217
He'd taken off his clothes in the water
829
00:45:04,217 --> 00:45:06,060
and was only wearing his thick jumper.
830
00:45:06,060 --> 00:45:08,477
And then he asked his captain,
831
00:45:08,477 --> 00:45:10,697
"Captain, may I request to enter the boat?
832
00:45:10,697 --> 00:45:12,890
I'm only wearing a jumper."
833
00:45:12,890 --> 00:45:15,360
He didn't really want to get in half-naked.
834
00:45:15,360 --> 00:45:17,537
He was always considering etiquette.
835
00:45:18,417 --> 00:45:22,334
(speaking in foreign language)
836
00:45:26,970 --> 00:45:30,010
Seven survivors made it onto the life rafts
837
00:45:30,010 --> 00:45:32,473
before they were picked up by the American Navy.
838
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:44,030
It would be standard operating procedure
839
00:45:44,030 --> 00:45:46,760
the call in a surface ship, just to see what had happened,
840
00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:48,070
and also to pick up survivors.
841
00:45:48,070 --> 00:45:50,260
After all, picking up a U-boat captain might yield
842
00:45:50,260 --> 00:45:52,040
a certain amount of intelligence, for example.
843
00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:54,270
So there wasn't just humanitarian interest
844
00:45:54,270 --> 00:45:55,770
in trying to pick up the crew.
845
00:45:56,620 --> 00:45:58,660
Even though his U-boat was at the bottom
846
00:45:58,660 --> 00:46:02,380
of the South Atlantic, Capitan Lieutenant Guggenberger
847
00:46:02,380 --> 00:46:04,393
continued the fight in captivity.
848
00:46:05,930 --> 00:46:07,630
With officers like Guggenberger,
849
00:46:08,490 --> 00:46:11,130
trying to keep them in was often difficult.
850
00:46:11,130 --> 00:46:13,220
And of course, Guggenberger's involved
851
00:46:13,220 --> 00:46:17,203
in one of the great escapes on the, on the American side.
852
00:46:22,830 --> 00:46:24,690
One of the best illustrations of this point
853
00:46:24,690 --> 00:46:26,940
that Guggenberger's duty was to keep in the war
854
00:46:26,940 --> 00:46:28,680
is really the fact that even as a prisoner
855
00:46:28,680 --> 00:46:32,270
in the United States, he escapes from captivity twice.
856
00:46:32,270 --> 00:46:34,170
First time heading for Mexico.
857
00:46:34,170 --> 00:46:36,550
He hasn't really got much of a chance of getting home,
858
00:46:36,550 --> 00:46:38,430
although Mexico is neutral.
859
00:46:38,430 --> 00:46:40,210
But what he has got a chance of being
860
00:46:40,210 --> 00:46:43,683
is a monumental pain in the neck to his captors,
861
00:46:44,650 --> 00:46:48,000
forcing them to deploy troops, frightening civilians,
862
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:49,830
getting a propaganda success.
863
00:46:49,830 --> 00:46:52,260
So he's doing everything he can to stay in the fight
864
00:46:52,260 --> 00:46:54,340
even as a prisoner in the US.
865
00:46:54,340 --> 00:46:55,870
Together with 24 others,
866
00:46:55,870 --> 00:46:57,840
he staged his own great escape,
867
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,550
tunneling out around Christmas 1944.
868
00:47:00,550 --> 00:47:01,980
But in the United States,
869
00:47:01,980 --> 00:47:04,860
you would stick out like a sore thumb
870
00:47:04,860 --> 00:47:08,360
as somebody who spoke English with a strong accent,
871
00:47:08,360 --> 00:47:10,623
particularly in a state like Arizona.
872
00:47:11,940 --> 00:47:14,290
They were recaptured within weeks.
873
00:47:15,320 --> 00:47:18,153
(dramatic music)
874
00:47:22,180 --> 00:47:24,700
There was also no escape for their comrades
875
00:47:24,700 --> 00:47:27,563
still fighting a losing war on the high seas.
876
00:47:31,250 --> 00:47:34,253
Three in four U-boats never made it home.
877
00:47:35,660 --> 00:47:40,010
The survivors of the U-513 were released in 1946.
878
00:47:40,010 --> 00:47:42,220
Torpedo mechanic Gunther Bleise married
879
00:47:42,220 --> 00:47:44,440
his childhood sweetheart Margarethe,
880
00:47:44,440 --> 00:47:47,350
who ensured his compelling tale of service and survival
881
00:47:47,350 --> 00:47:48,963
was recorded for this program.
882
00:47:50,050 --> 00:47:52,980
As for his acclaimed captain Friederich Guggenberger,
883
00:47:52,980 --> 00:47:56,403
the exploits and adventures continued long after the war.
884
00:47:58,230 --> 00:47:59,920
The thing with most of the U-boat aces
885
00:47:59,920 --> 00:48:03,112
is they had a tendency to live fast and die young.
886
00:48:03,112 --> 00:48:05,390
Guggenberger survives the war,
887
00:48:05,390 --> 00:48:08,080
and his career continues.
888
00:48:08,080 --> 00:48:10,270
At the end of the war the German Navy is disbanded.
889
00:48:10,270 --> 00:48:11,730
There is no German Navy.
890
00:48:11,730 --> 00:48:14,960
So this incredibly intelligent, motivated young guy
891
00:48:14,960 --> 00:48:16,680
trains as an architect.
892
00:48:16,680 --> 00:48:20,300
When Germany gets a Navy back in the 1950s, he re-enlists.
893
00:48:20,300 --> 00:48:24,270
He becomes a senior admiral with a senior position in NATO,
894
00:48:24,270 --> 00:48:27,410
and retires, you know, with the plaudits and honors
895
00:48:27,410 --> 00:48:30,140
of not just his nation, but his former enemies.
896
00:48:30,140 --> 00:48:34,980
And then he dies this bizarre, mysterious death
897
00:48:34,980 --> 00:48:36,770
at home as an elderly man.
898
00:48:36,770 --> 00:48:39,380
Goes for a walk in the forest, never comes back,
899
00:48:39,380 --> 00:48:41,880
and his body's found two years later in the woods.
900
00:48:43,000 --> 00:48:45,590
It's all part of the intriguing story
901
00:48:45,590 --> 00:48:47,610
that compelled another sailor to find
902
00:48:47,610 --> 00:48:49,810
Guggenberger's last command:
903
00:48:49,810 --> 00:48:52,760
the long lost wreck of the U-513.
904
00:48:52,760 --> 00:48:54,990
(speaking in foreign language)
905
00:48:54,990 --> 00:48:57,900
Really, it is an incredible feeling
906
00:48:57,900 --> 00:48:59,363
that we found this U-boat.
907
00:49:01,610 --> 00:49:02,963
We can hardly believe it.
908
00:49:04,080 --> 00:49:08,143
I am just ecstatic to be part of its incredible story.
909
00:49:13,460 --> 00:49:16,300
It's a story of bravery, desperation,
910
00:49:16,300 --> 00:49:19,160
and sacrifice on both sides.
911
00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:21,830
The Naval Memorial to German war dead,
912
00:49:21,830 --> 00:49:25,950
including more than 30,000 submariners survives,
913
00:49:25,950 --> 00:49:27,860
not to glorify war,
914
00:49:27,860 --> 00:49:29,760
but to pay tribute to the sailors
915
00:49:29,760 --> 00:49:32,333
who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country.
916
00:49:33,543 --> 00:49:36,376
(dramatic music)
70377
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.