Original subtitles

*

Did you ever stop to wonder where your car came from?

Where it really came from?

Every component has been on a mind-blowing journey,

through time, space...

..and the most violent cosmic events since the Big Bang.

The history of your car is the history of the universe.

How old is a car?

My car is about five years old.

My car was assembled in 2001.

The car I drive is pretty old.

It was manufactured in 1991,

but that's just when the pieces and parts were assembled.

The materials that make up the cars we drive today

were created long before 1991.

Your car began its life billions of years ago,

billions of miles away in deep space.

The things that make up cars, those atoms, most of them were forged

well before our Earth was born.

You think your car is a clunker?

It's actually 13.8 billion years old.

All right. Let's do it, sir.

The best way to find out what a car is made out of

is to tear one apart.

Iron, plastics, oils and rubber are the first to be removed.

In another half-hour or so,

this baby's going to be completely stripped.

I can't wait to see it.

Then aluminium, silicon, copper

and finally, precious metals like platinum and gold.

Each of these materials is crucial for building a car...

..but in the earliest days of the universe,

none of them existed.

13.8 billion years ago,

the universe was born in a monumental event...

..the Big Bang.

The early universe was filled with nothing but energy.

After the Big Bang,

it was just a chaotic glob of stuff, nothing like what you see today.

As the early universe cools,

the energy gave way to unstable matter and antimatter.

Then protons and neutrons,

and finally, atoms.

But not the iron, silicon or carbon atoms that we use in a car,

the universe was almost entirely made up of hydrogen.

Something had to happen to give us everything else

and everything was actually made from hydrogen building-blocks.

An atom of hydrogen is the simplest and lightest atom in the universe -

just a single positively-charged proton bound to a single electron.

The universe built up bigger atoms such as carbon and iron

by joining hydrogen atoms together.

Everything starts from simpler origins.

An iron atom is actually lots and lots of simple hydrogen atoms

that were stuck together.

But hydrogen atoms don't naturally stick together.

Protons are positively charged.

So as you push them closer together,

they're gonna resist coming closer together.

They really don't want to hang out.

This repulsion makes the early universe

a maelstrom of hydrogen atoms swerving to avoid each other.

But if you can get them to a point

where you can shove them together enough,

at some point, they're going to lock together.

Pushing atoms together so strongly that they fuse

is called nuclear fusion.

It's the first step in turning a universe full of gas

into one filled with the ingredients for planets,

people and cars.

Getting two atoms to fuse is child's play...

at least it is if your name's Taylor Wilson.

Taylor's been fusing atoms in his garage since he was 14.

Yeah, the neighbours know about the radioactive stuff

that's in the garage, and so does the government.

It's all relatively low-level.

(BEEPING)

It's my watch going off.

I think I'm the only person

I've ever met with a Geiger-counter watch.

The centrepiece of Taylor's nuclear man cave

is a precision-engineered fusion reactor

which he built when he was still in high school.

OK, I'll let in some gas now.

The first ingredient - hydrogen gas.

And it will be flowed into the chamber

through this very precise sapphire leak valve.

The next ingredient - high-voltage electricity.

Hm.

Oh, I wonder what the problem is!

You forgot to plug it in. The power supply is not plugged in.

OK, let's try that again. That's embarrassing.

We'll get power from the laundry room now.

Taylor passes a high voltage

through a small spherical cage that sits inside the reactor.

The negatively-charged cage

quickly pulls the hydrogen ions towards it.

So it's taking all those ions and sucking them towards the centre.

And as they fly in, they get confined,

and hopefully they collide with each other and fuse.

The temperature of the atoms inside the cage is now so great

that hydrogen atoms are fusing together,

creating heavier helium atoms and a burst of energy hotter than the surface of the sun.

That little tiny blob of plasma inside those grid wires,

that's kind of like a star in a jar.

13 billion years ago,

the universe used gravity instead of an electrical cage

to fuse atoms together.

Across the cosmos,

vast clouds of hydrogen gas collapsed under their own gravity.

Pressure and temperature built as more and more gas was sucked in.

Eventually, fusion sparked deep in the core of these giant balls of gas,

and the first stars started to manufacture

many of the heavy elements that make up cars today.

A star is basically a machine

for turning lighter elements into heavier elements.

Fusion took place inside the core of these first stars,

fusing hydrogen atoms together to create helium.

And when all the hydrogen in the core had been used up,

the star finds new fuel to burn.

After you burn hydrogen to form helium,

the core of the star begins to collapse and get hotter.

And there is enough energy then

to fuse three helium nuclei into carbon...

..and then that fuses to form nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, iron.

But this incredible production line of elements can't go on forever.

The heavier atoms you ram together, the less energy you get out.

So you turn hydrogen into helium,

helium becomes carbon, nitrogen, oxygen.

But every time, there's a bit less energy to be had,

until you get to iron.

The iron that is in your car

is actually, essentially, a deadly poison when it comes to a star.

It's robbing that star of the heat needed to keep itself up.

So the star collapses, dies and explodes

at the moment you create iron in the core.

I mean, literally, the fraction of a second.

I'm not kidding. That's how dramatic and weird the steel in your car is.

The explosion, called a supernova,

is one of the brightest and most violent events in the universe.

It releases enough energy

to dwarf what the sun puts out over its entire lifetime.

And all of the elements that it has created

are then dispersed out into space.

The gassy remains of the explosion are called a supernova remnant,

an expanding bubble of gas containing hydrogen that survived in the star's outer layers,

mixed in with carbon, oxygen, silicon and iron from the star's core.

This 13 billion-year-old stardust helped you drive to work last week.

This was once in the core of a dying star.

And who knows? Maybe some of the iron atoms in this brake disc

were forged in the heart of the very first generation of stars

that illuminated the universe.

When you're pumping iron, you're pumping the universe.

The first stars created the materials in a car's chassis,

body, windshield and seats.

But key components, like the copper for the car's electronics,

are yet to be manufactured.

To create this crucial metal,

a new generation of stars must die an even stranger death.

*

*

Picture the scene 13 billion years ago...

..as the universe's very first stars are coming to the end of their lives.

The sky is filled with flashes

as star after star violently explodes.

These supernovas hurl a rich cocktail of elements into space...

..carbon, silicon, aluminium and iron,

materials that will one day be used to build cars on Earth.

But some even heavier elements

needed to build a car are still missing.

Elements like copper and gold, used in the car's wiring.

So far, the universe hasn't created these heavy metals,

but it's about to.

In the case of copper,

the secret to its formation is reincarnation.

Copper is one metal that your car can't live without.

It turns out, there's over a mile of copper in the average car.

And the reason why

is because copper is an excellent electrical conductor.

Copper's also used to conduct heat in radiators.

It stops bearings from failing when you need to go fast.

And when you need to stop...

..copper provides the friction in your brake pads.

But the story of how that copper came to exist and be on Earth,

that's a truly remarkable story.

Copper can't begin to form

until the first generation of stars have died.

The expanding supernova remnants

crash into neighbouring clouds of gas...

..creating a shock wave of pressure,

a perfect nursery for a new generation of stars.

There are cycles to the universe.

Stars form, they live out their lives.

They die, they blow off winds and they explode,

seeding their material into gas clouds which then form new stars

with heavier elements in them, which will repeat the cycle again.

So if you wanna think about it that way,

the universe is the ultimate recycler.

The gas that forms these second-generation stars

is peppered with the carbon, aluminium and iron

thrown out by the supernova.

The biggest of these new stars burn extremely brightly,

but only for a few million years...

..then they undergo an incredible metamorphosis.

The star rapidly expands to 100 times its previous size...

..then it cools and turns a ghostly red.

A second-generation star has transformed

into a red supergiant.

And in its diffuse outer layers,

iron is slowly converted into copper...

..but not by fusion.

That iron nucleus has 26 protons.

That's a serious electric charge,

so it's going to repel any protons we try to shoot in there.

How do we get more protons in?

The way we get those protons in there is we trick the nucleus.

Instead of shooting in protons, we shoot in neutrons.

Colliding atoms in the outer layers of a star

sometimes spit out neutrons.

Neutrons don't have a charge, so they're not repelled

by the positively-charged protons in the iron stardust.

These neutrons are able to stick to the iron atoms around them.

An atom is a very tiny thing and makes a very small target.

But there's a lot of particles flying around near a star,

and if, by chance, a neutron can hit an atom, it can stick,

and that will actually make the nucleus of the atom larger.

Neutron by neutron can hit an atom

and then that neutron can actually decay into a proton.

The neutron spontaneously splits into an electron, which is ejected,

and a proton, which is left behind.

The process transforms iron into copper.

Scientists call this magical conversion "beta decay".

So you can build up heavy elements very slowly

over the course of thousands or millions of years,

just by capturing neutrons.

Eventually, the core of the red supergiant runs out of fuel

and the star explodes...

..blasting its copper-rich outer layer into space.

Thanks to the life and death of two generations of stars...

..we can equip our car with copper wiring.

But we're still short of some even heavier metals,

such as lead for the battery,

and gold for the electrical connectors.

To make these truly massive atoms...

..the universe must create the most spectacular explosions

since the Big Bang.

To make a car, you need some seriously heavy metal.

Metal like iridium,

a supersized atom with 77 protons

that's used to coat the tips of spark plugs.

Heavier still is gold, with 79 protons.

This shiny conductor resists corrosion,

making it ideal for exposed electrical connections.

These connectors here for this airbag assembly are gold,

and so this thing can react really quickly

if there's an accident and save your life.

The heaviest atom found in a car is lead,

with 82 protons.

Only lead can deliver the short burst of high power

needed to start an engine over and over again.

But until very recently,

how the universe made these oversized atoms

was a complete mystery.

You can't make gold atoms in a normal star.

You can't make gold atoms in a massive star that's dying.

In order to make atoms this big, with this many neutrons,

you need a truly cataclysmic event.

Just a few years ago,

most scientists believed that supernovas

were cataclysmic enough to do the job.

But astronomer Edo Berger had doubts.

If you open any one of these books and flip to the page

that tells you where gold came from,

it will tell you that gold came from supernova explosions.

But nobody had directly observed supernovas

producing elements like gold.

And inside computer simulations,

virtual supernovas lacked the energy to forge these oversized atoms.

Clearly, something was wrong.

But if supernovas weren't powerful enough,

what in the universe was?

To form heavy elements requires a lot of neutrons,

and so another possible theory was that the heaviest elements

were produced in the mergers of two neutron stars in a binary system.

Neutron stars are some of the strangest objects in the universe.

They're formed from the collapsed cores of giant stars.

You're taking a couple of times the mass of the sun

and squeezing it down into a ball that's only a few miles across.

The electrons and the protons that are flitting around inside of that

combine to form neutrons.

And what you're left with is an extremely dense ball of neutrons

about the size of a city.

Neutron stars are extremely dense.

If you take just a teaspoon of the neutron star material,

it's actually a billion tonnes.

If neighbouring stars die together,

it's possible for the two neutron stars they leave behind

to form a spinning binary pair.

But the partnership is doomed.

What you're left over with is two incredibly compact,

dramatic objects spiralling around each other.

Over time, they move in together, until finally, they can coalesce

in the most violent explosion since the Big Bang.

The explosion is called a neutron-star merger.

The amount of energy in this explosion is crushing.

There's almost no way to describe it.

It's like taking all of the sun's energy

that it will ever emit over its entire lifetime

and releasing it in a single second.

Berger suspected that this colossal explosion

forged iridium, gold and lead...

..but to rewrite the textbooks, he needed hard evidence.

It was difficult to convince the community

that this was a potential channel

for the production of heavy elements.

The proof is to actually see this process happening in the universe.

June 2013.

NASA's Swift satellite spotted a short burst of gamma rays

from a nearby galaxy...

..a sign that a neutron-star merger had just taken place.

For Berger, it was the lucky break he'd been waiting for.

As soon as we knew that there was a gamma-ray burst nearby,

we knew that this was our one chance, for perhaps several years,

to obtain the right kind of measurements to test the formation of heavy elements.

Once Swift had identified the burst,

the Hubble Space Telescope swung into action to capture images.

We grabbed them right away and we just looked.

We knew exactly where to look, at the centre of this red circle.

And what we saw was this source right there in the middle

that is the direct signature

of the production of very heavy elements, including gold.

Berger's theory was right,

but the rate of production was far higher than he'd expected.

Well, in that one event,

the amount of gold that was produced was more than the mass of the Earth.

If we can bring it all here,

it would be worth quadrillions and quadrillions of dollars.

The theory is still very new,

but it's possible that ancient neutron-star mergers

made all the heavy metals we see in the world today...

..including the last remaining ingredients for our car.

But all these elements were floating free in space.

They still have to be pulled together into one giant fabrication plant...

..the Earth.

*

*

Before the Earth was born,

all the materials that would one day go into making your car

looked like this.

A vast, swirling cloud of gas and stardust,

the exploded remnants of ancient stars.

The clouds between the stars of the galaxy

are made of everything that the Earth, your body

and your car is made of.

There's everything that you need floating

in gaseous form between the stars.

Four-and-a-half billion years ago,

this interstellar gas collapsed once more.

This time to create a rather ordinary mid-sized star...

..our sun.

Close to the young sun, all of the lighter stuff got blown away.

What was left behind was the heavier, denser stuff.

There was carbon, there was iron, there was gold,

everything in-between.

Over time, these free-floating elements began to coalesce.

Dust became rock.

Rocks joined to form larger objects called planetesimals.

Finally, planetesimals joined to form the Earth.

Our planet was born with all the ingredients needed to build a car...

..but these ingredients were about to go their separate ways.

The Earth is a big planet

and it's done something that not all planets do,

it's differentiated, it melted.

Copper and lead dissolved in sulphur

and floated to the top of the molten Earth,

making these metals easy to mine today.

But precious metals like iridium and gold

sunk to the Earth's core and most of the iron sunk with them.

It's kind of a pain, actually.

All the heavy elements that are super-useful, like iron,

they've sunk to the middle of the Earth where we can't reach them

and there's not a whole lot of it in the crust.

3.8 billion years ago, the oceans formed

and water dissolved the last remaining traces of iron

from the Earth's surface.

In fact, there was so much iron in the sea

that the Earth would've been green, not blue like it is today.

The Earth's crust seemed destined to be practically iron-free.

Then along came the most unlikely saviour...

..green slime.

I want to show you a couple of examples of rocks

that we recently brought back from South Africa.

Caltech geobiologist Woody Fischer

traced the history of iron through the Earth's earliest rocks.

This is an example of a rock that was deposited on the seafloor

a little over two-and-a-half billion years ago,

and there's not a lot of iron in this sample.

Now, what's so interesting is you go to the same place on the Earth

200 million years later,

and what you find is that things have really changed.

And you'll note this very rusty colour to it.

This is from the presence of iron oxides,

and in fact, the rock itself is incredibly heavy, very dense.

Why did the Earth's geological record change so quickly and so profoundly?

One clue is that the sudden appearance of iron-rich rocks

coincides with the rise of the first simple plants.

This is a microorganism called a cyanobacterium.

Each of the individual cells that are present in that medium

are green and they're conducting photosynthesis.

This group of cyanobacteria is gathering energy from light,

using that to split water, and in so doing,

they produce copious amounts of oxygen.

In the early oceans,

this newly formed oxygen reacted with the dissolved iron,

forming a heavy rust that settled on the ocean-floor.

For the first time in Earth's history, there was oxygen,

free oxygen, in the air.

That combined with the iron

and the iron, basically, sank to the bottom of the ocean.

These ancient rusty deposits form the iron ore that we mine today.

So in the process of making a car, mining the iron ore,

life was an essential part of that first step.

You have to wait until after these guys evolve

in order to be able to concentrate the raw materials that you need.

The life of early plants brought us iron,

but their death was perhaps even more helpful,

because without dead plants, most cars wouldn't run.

So what's the final ingredient for getting a car to actually go?

You need to add fuel,

and we, right now, use hydrocarbon-based fuel.

We use oil.

Oil is actually the remnant of dead plant life

from billions of years ago.

It amazes me to think that as you're driving your car around,

what you're actually running the car on

is ancient dead life.

These hydrocarbons are also processed

to help make rubber and plastics for the tyres and interior trim.

Now we have almost all the components needed to complete a car.

All that remains is a spark to bring the engine to life...

..but to get that spark,

the Earth must pay a catastrophic price.

65 million years ago, the Earth's crust is missing

one crucial group of super-tough metals.

This is a spark plug.

And the way it works is that 100,000 volts are put

across this gap here...

..and that ignites gasoline vapour in the cylinder of your motor.

This tip has to survive in very harsh conditions...

..so it must be made of a very, very sturdy, robust material,

and the material in this spark plug is a metal known as iridium.

Like gold and lead,

iridium was created inside the biggest bang since the Big Bang -

a neutron star merger.

Although the Earth originally contained a large amount of iridium,

it sank out of reach while the Earth was still molten,

falling to the core under the influence of gravity.

The iridium that we mine on the Earth's surface today

came from somewhere else.

This exposed rock face in Colorado reveals a clue -

a mysterious layer in the Earth's geological record

that wraps around the entire planet.

There's something particularly interesting

about this clay layer here.

If you analyse the concentration of rare metals like iridium in this layer,

you'll find that there's about 100 times as much iridium here

as in the other rocks around us in the crust of the Earth.

It's rather bizarre, actually,

to find so much iridium concentrated in one place

here in crustal rocks.

And it turns out that the entire budget

of the iridium in the Earth's crust

is pretty much contained in this layer.

When geologists discovered the iridium layer in the late '70s,

it became one of the biggest mysteries in science.

How could so much of this rare metal end up concentrated

in such a thin layer?

Astronomers had measured similar concentrations of iridium before...

..inside rocks that had come from the asteroid belt.

Billions of years ago, planets were forming all over our solar system,

but there was an area in-between Mars and Jupiter

where the gravity of Jupiter pretty much pulled apart anything that tried to form.

And what got left over were a bunch of large, rocky chunks

that we call the asteroid belt.

Now, some of the asteroid belt is made of rock.

Other asteroids are richer in metals.

From time to time,

asteroids are thrown out of orbit by another asteroid,

or by the long reach of Jupiter's gravity.

Sometimes these asteroids smash into the Earth.

Could the iridium layer

be the scattered remains of a single giant, metal-rich asteroid impact?

30 years ago, this idea sounded far-fetched.

Only an asteroid the size of a city would've had enough power

to blast debris around the entire planet.

If you could imagine the magnitude,

the enormity of the violence of an event like that.

And to have inches of dusty debris

come booming over the horizon and settling out of the sky

and raining on top of you and burying you in this layer,

that should make a pretty big crater someplace on the Earth.

Although it sounded incredible,

the asteroid hypothesis also solved a long-standing mystery.

The dinosaurs were wiped out around the same time

the iridium layer was laid down.

Could the two events be linked?

The puzzle was solved when an asteroid-impact crater

was discovered down in the Yucatan.

The crater age turned out to be exactly 65 million years old,

the same age as this deposit.

And the crater size turned out

to be just the size of crater you would get

from the size of an asteroid it would take to make this layer.

So it turns out that in a lot of ways

you can think of asteroids as sort of a cosmic iridium-delivery system

for us here on the surface of the Earth.

And it's not just iridium we have to thank asteroids for.

There were probably several times

in the history of our solar system where there was heavy bombardment,

all kinds of asteroids and comets falling in toward the Earth.

Well, the Earth had solidified to some degree by that time,

so not everything sank down into the core.

So some of the metals we find around us

are products of this later era of bombardment.

The Earth's history is a violent one.

Over the course of time, we've been hit over and over and over again

by asteroids of all sizes.

Some of them have actually delivered

quite a bit of heavy elements to the surface of the Earth.

These asteroid-borne materials

include most of the gold, platinum and nickel

we use in cars today.

Asteroid impacts will form little pockets of concentrations

of some of those ore minerals and ore metals for us

that we can then mine in greater abundance on the surface.

In many cases, when you go to a mine to dig up these heavy elements,

what you are doing is tapping into an asteroid impact.

But these mines are relatively rare.

As humanity continues to grow,

our precious metals will be the first metals to run out.

If we want to get more,

the only option will be to mine the asteroid belt itself.

I don't think we can keep making cars here

on the surface of the Earth forever.

And as population grows and our need for these minerals grows,

at some point, you know, we're gonna...

you're gonna mine the Earth as much as it can be mined

and you have to start to look someplace else.

And fortunately,

there are mines in the sky out there by the billions,

and they're called asteroids.

A lot of asteroids have platinum, iron, nickel, gold in them.

It's very expensive to go up there and grab them and tow them back,

but just the raw materials in an asteroid

could be worth hundreds of billions of dollars.

NASA recently estimated the value

of the precious metals and materials on the asteroid belt

as being about $600 quintillion,

or about $100 billion for every person alive on the Earth today.

But I do not expect to be seeing any of that money myself.

We'll have to wait for rocket technology to get cheaper

before asteroid-mining becomes a viable proposition.

Until then, we'll continue to rely on the asteroids

that have hit the Earth.

Metal-rich asteroids are the final piece of the puzzle.

We can now reconstruct the journey of every atom of our car

through time and space.

From the moment of the Big Bang, through generations of stars

to the birth of the Earth, and eventually,

the showroom floor.

Over the course of the multiple supernovae in our universe

and the birth and death of stars,

we were able to collect all of the materials needed

to assemble these cars.

That's pretty fantastic.

I think we don't fully appreciate how complicated

the elements that make up our car really are

and how special they are.

They really are star stuff.

But not every car is like the one we've just pulled apart.

These days, not every car runs on petrol.

Electric vehicles require a magical element

that's made in space...

..by cosmic ray guns.

*

*

This car doesn't have a petrol tank.

It's part of a new generation of electric vehicles.

The key to these high-tech cars is their rechargeable batteries...

..a technology that relies on one of the Earth's rarest metals.

This here is a battery pack from an electric car,

and in today's electric cars, the metal of choice is lithium,

and lithium has one of the most amazing stories in the universe.

After hydrogen and helium, lithium is the lightest element,

with just three protons and four neutrons.

Its lightness makes it ideal for electric cars.

If the battery weighs more than the car,

then we are just wasting energy on moving the battery around.

If we can build a light battery, for example, a lithium-ion battery,

then we can provide the power without the penalty

of having to carry those heavy batteries along with the car.

Lithium is rapidly becoming

one of the most sought-after metals on Earth,

but it's also a cosmic curiosity.

The Big Bang creates a trace of lithium,

but as the first stars form,

this lithium disappears.

Unlike hydrogen and helium,

which are fairly stable on an atomic scale,

lithium is a little bit fragile.

It can actually be broken apart into its components.

As time goes by, these first stars

manufacture a little lithium on their own,

but it doesn't last long.

It is so fragile that the instant it's made,

it's destroyed once again by the conditions in the core of the star.

The lithium we have on Earth

isn't made in a star like iron, copper and iridium.

Instead of fusing lighter elements together,

lithium is created when larger atoms are blasted apart.

The answer for where lithium comes from

is an amazing thing, it's almost like a sci-fi answer.

It kind of comes from ray guns from space.

The ray guns are supernovas and their bullets are cosmic rays...

..high-velocity particles that streak through space

at close to the speed of light.

Cosmic rays are subatomic particles.

They are atomic nuclei that are accelerated to high speed

in a supernova explosion.

If another atomic nucleus gets in the way,

it can hit them and shatter them,

and one of the pieces of shrapnel from this explosion is lithium.

The process is a bit like going bowling,

where the bowling ball is the cosmic ray

and the pins together are some other atomic nucleus.

When the bowling ball smashes into the pins,

it sends them scattered in all directions...

..and one of those pins could be lithium.

Cosmic rays are travelling throughout all of space,

between galaxies and in galaxies.

So the cosmic rays that are forming lithium

by breaking other elements apart

are literally doing it in the space between the stars.

Almost all the lithium on Earth today was made this way,

atom by atom in the vastness of space.

And then swept up into the clouds of gas

that formed our solar system.

Oh, yeah, baby.

For our cosmic car, this may look like the end of the line,

but the production line for the universe keeps on rolling.

This is pretty awesome.

These atoms in this car here

have been travelling across the cosmos.

They came to us from, maybe, 13 billion years ago,

a billion years after the formation of the universe.

Now guess what?

They were used and we're returning them back to where they came from.

The atoms in our car will not be in our car forever.

In fact, our car will probably be destroyed

within a single human lifetime.

Time to crush.

It'll be recycled into other things on Earth,

but eventually, even the atoms on Earth will be recycled

with the rest of the cosmos.

How cool was that?

You could imagine my car gets destroyed with the Earth

and eventually makes its way to another planet.

It gets built into some other kind of transportation mode

by an alien race.

I mean, that's totally possible,

and I think that's kind of a cool idea.

From stars being born billions of years ago,

to cosmic rays, to even the Big Bang itself.

It's amazing to contemplate all of the things

that had to come together in the universe for us to have cars.

You really are driving around

in the end product of something that started

13.7 billion years ago.

That "new car" smell, that's actually "old universe" smell,

because that smell is traceable all the way back to the Big Bang.

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