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1
00:00:02,524 --> 00:00:03,655
Keith: Looking at
the multi-billion dollar
2
00:00:03,699 --> 00:00:05,875
video game industry today.
3
00:00:05,918 --> 00:00:08,399
Manny: It's a major
entertainment industry
4
00:00:08,443 --> 00:00:10,010
bigger than
the movie business.
5
00:00:11,533 --> 00:00:13,143
Keith: I don't think anyone
could have imagined that
6
00:00:13,187 --> 00:00:15,058
coming from
such humble origin.
7
00:00:15,102 --> 00:00:17,147
Ralph Baer archival demo:
Okay, one to nothing.
8
00:00:17,191 --> 00:00:19,323
Mark Baer: Ralph Baer
built this little machine
9
00:00:19,367 --> 00:00:21,891
in his basement,
that changed the world.
10
00:00:21,934 --> 00:00:24,067
Nolan: Ralph claims
that he invented Pong .
11
00:00:24,111 --> 00:00:25,329
He didn't.
12
00:00:25,373 --> 00:00:27,070
Alsaid,
this patent is [bleep].
13
00:00:27,114 --> 00:00:28,941
Keith:
It was really a free for all.
14
00:00:28,985 --> 00:00:30,334
- There was a lot of pot.
15
00:00:30,378 --> 00:00:32,032
- This is how
we put out games, huh?
16
00:00:32,075 --> 00:00:34,295
- There were all these stories
about sex in the Atari hot tub.
17
00:00:34,338 --> 00:00:37,254
Keith: It was sex, drugs,
and video games.
18
00:00:37,298 --> 00:00:40,475
Jeff: Atari went from being just a hippie-dippie company to,
19
00:00:40,518 --> 00:00:42,085
we were making money.
20
00:00:42,129 --> 00:00:45,262
- Nolan Bushnell, you are
an acknowledged visionary.
21
00:00:45,306 --> 00:00:48,091
- I was young and dumb,
never run a company before.
22
00:00:48,135 --> 00:00:49,571
Manny: Everybody
had the same reaction,
23
00:00:49,614 --> 00:00:51,051
what the [bleep]'s
Nolan talking about?
24
00:00:51,094 --> 00:00:52,661
What is he talking about?
25
00:00:52,704 --> 00:00:56,360
- There were a lot of powerful
characters butting heads.
26
00:00:56,404 --> 00:00:58,319
Michael Fischer: Sega was
David fighting Goliath.
27
00:00:58,362 --> 00:00:59,276
We took Nintendo on.
28
00:01:01,626 --> 00:01:04,499
- I used to get nasty letters
from Howard Lincoln.
29
00:01:04,542 --> 00:01:07,023
- It was just a great fight
between two companies.
30
00:01:07,067 --> 00:01:08,111
Trip:
It was always personal.
31
00:01:08,155 --> 00:01:09,025
- They were a bully.
32
00:01:10,940 --> 00:01:12,550
Phillips: There was nothing
like the rollercoaster ride
33
00:01:12,594 --> 00:01:14,552
of early video games.
34
00:01:14,596 --> 00:01:17,729
Steve: The video game
frontier was wild.
35
00:01:17,773 --> 00:01:19,644
- Well, it was the wild west.
36
00:01:27,739 --> 00:01:29,132
[chatter and laughter]
37
00:01:30,786 --> 00:01:32,222
Nolan: When I was
in engineering school,
38
00:01:32,266 --> 00:01:35,399
I started working
at an amusement park,
39
00:01:35,443 --> 00:01:36,922
in the games department.
40
00:01:36,966 --> 00:01:38,576
Carny: How about you, sir,
take a chance,
41
00:01:38,620 --> 00:01:42,014
three for a dime,
win a beautiful prize.
42
00:01:42,058 --> 00:01:45,366
- So that sort of
qualifies me as a carny.
43
00:01:45,409 --> 00:01:47,150
[laughs]
44
00:01:52,938 --> 00:01:54,244
Carny:
Well hurry, hurry, hurry,
45
00:01:54,288 --> 00:01:56,028
who's going to take
another chance?
46
00:01:56,072 --> 00:01:59,684
Nolan: I got a good cross
section of what people liked,
47
00:01:59,728 --> 00:02:03,558
what they were willing to pay,
and how often they'd play it.
48
00:02:03,601 --> 00:02:05,777
What it was really focused on
49
00:02:05,821 --> 00:02:09,825
is getting people to play
over and over and over again.
50
00:02:09,868 --> 00:02:11,566
Even though they lose.
51
00:02:11,609 --> 00:02:13,307
Carny: Missed again,
how about another chance?
52
00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:15,874
Nolan: And when you're
convincing other people
53
00:02:15,918 --> 00:02:18,834
that they can win,
you convince yourself.
54
00:02:18,877 --> 00:02:21,619
So, over time, you realize
55
00:02:21,663 --> 00:02:24,840
that the future is actually
quite manipulable,
56
00:02:24,883 --> 00:02:27,669
with just force of will.
57
00:02:27,712 --> 00:02:29,497
Henry:
Through this experience,
58
00:02:29,540 --> 00:02:32,413
Nolan Bushnell understood
games as sort of an industry.
59
00:02:32,456 --> 00:02:33,979
And then,
he just so happened
60
00:02:34,023 --> 00:02:36,243
to be an undergraduate
at the very university
61
00:02:36,286 --> 00:02:38,636
that was the center,
Ground Zero,
62
00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:40,377
for development
of computer graphics.
63
00:02:42,858 --> 00:02:43,946
Nolan: I was
an engineering student
64
00:02:43,989 --> 00:02:45,948
at the University of Utah,
65
00:02:45,991 --> 00:02:48,168
and there I played
a game called Space War .
66
00:02:50,474 --> 00:02:54,217
Space War was a rocket ship
against rocket ship,
67
00:02:54,261 --> 00:02:55,827
two-player game,
68
00:02:55,871 --> 00:02:58,352
it had a gravity field
around a sun,
69
00:02:58,395 --> 00:03:01,050
and you basically could
fire missiles at each other.
70
00:03:02,269 --> 00:03:03,922
And I was mesmerized by it.
71
00:03:05,141 --> 00:03:06,447
- Nolan's goal was to
72
00:03:06,490 --> 00:03:08,057
put a coin slot on that
73
00:03:08,100 --> 00:03:10,320
and put it in the arcade.
74
00:03:10,364 --> 00:03:13,584
The only problem was you need
a million dollar machine.
75
00:03:13,628 --> 00:03:17,545
Nolan: Space War was played on
the million-dollar computer,
76
00:03:17,588 --> 00:03:20,287
and the economics
of the coin op business said,
77
00:03:20,330 --> 00:03:23,246
the maximum you could charge
was about 25 cents
78
00:03:23,290 --> 00:03:24,856
for three minutes.
79
00:03:24,900 --> 00:03:25,509
Archival Arcade News Story:
Look what you get
80
00:03:25,553 --> 00:03:26,815
for your money!
81
00:03:26,858 --> 00:03:28,425
If you like
that sort of thing.
82
00:03:28,469 --> 00:03:31,254
Nolan: You just can't
make the numbers work.
83
00:03:31,298 --> 00:03:35,127
And I said, you know,
someday.
84
00:03:35,171 --> 00:03:38,174
Archival News: Across the bay
with its spiderweb of bridges,
85
00:03:38,218 --> 00:03:42,483
the pinnacles of San Francisco
catching the afternoon sun.
86
00:03:42,526 --> 00:03:44,267
Nolan: After I got
my engineering degree,
87
00:03:44,311 --> 00:03:47,270
I got a job at Ampex in
the middle of Silicon Valley.
88
00:03:48,793 --> 00:03:50,447
At the time,
89
00:03:50,491 --> 00:03:52,841
Silicon Valley was more known
for prune orchards,
90
00:03:52,884 --> 00:03:54,843
than for technology.
91
00:03:54,886 --> 00:03:57,759
Archival News: Miles and miles
of fragrant orchards,
92
00:03:57,802 --> 00:04:00,631
spreading in a vista
of never-ending loveliness.
93
00:04:02,067 --> 00:04:04,418
Al: There was no consumer
electronics going on
94
00:04:04,461 --> 00:04:05,941
in the valley,
to my knowledge.
95
00:04:05,984 --> 00:04:07,682
At all.
96
00:04:07,725 --> 00:04:10,511
It was really
semiconductor companies
97
00:04:10,554 --> 00:04:12,817
and aerospace
military companies.
98
00:04:14,558 --> 00:04:18,258
Nolan: Ampex was
white shirt, black tie.
99
00:04:18,301 --> 00:04:19,476
Very stuffy.
100
00:04:20,738 --> 00:04:22,174
It was the '70s,
101
00:04:22,218 --> 00:04:25,177
and we all had
our hippie costumes.
102
00:04:25,221 --> 00:04:28,877
So I wasn't particularly
excited to work for Ampex.
103
00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:31,358
But, my office mate,
Ted Dabney,
104
00:04:31,401 --> 00:04:36,101
was probably one of
the best engineers Ampex had.
105
00:04:36,145 --> 00:04:40,802
nd remember, Space War simmered
in the back of my head.
106
00:04:40,845 --> 00:04:45,328
Well, I blinked, and one day,
the cost of MSI chips
107
00:04:45,372 --> 00:04:49,550
went from $2.80 a piece
to fifteen cents.
108
00:04:49,593 --> 00:04:52,379
And when I saw
that price drop, I said,
109
00:04:52,422 --> 00:04:56,513
now's the time to build
a Space War clone.
110
00:04:56,557 --> 00:04:58,428
And that was Computer Space.
111
00:04:58,472 --> 00:05:02,084
[shooting noise from game]
112
00:05:02,127 --> 00:05:04,260
The circuit
was coming along nicely.
113
00:05:04,304 --> 00:05:08,482
But, when it came to a cabinet,
I thought, this is Space game.
114
00:05:10,135 --> 00:05:14,444
So, I modeled this
spacey looking thing
115
00:05:14,488 --> 00:05:19,580
and Ted found a fiberglass boat manufacturer to scale it up.
116
00:05:19,623 --> 00:05:21,669
Owen: It was a very futuristic
fiberglass cabinet
117
00:05:21,712 --> 00:05:25,368
which was really amazing,
sparkly colors.
118
00:05:25,412 --> 00:05:27,675
It looked like a kind of
a deco rocket ship.
119
00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:32,027
Nolan:
Next to college campuses,
120
00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:35,857
Computer Space
earned extremely well.
121
00:05:35,900 --> 00:05:40,252
But, put it in a working man's
bar, earned nothing.
122
00:05:40,296 --> 00:05:41,645
Owen: It had all these buttons
123
00:05:41,689 --> 00:05:43,299
and you know,
people couldn't get it.
124
00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:44,605
They didn't understand
how to play it, you know.
125
00:05:44,648 --> 00:05:47,651
Geeks could get it, 'cause
they're used to computers.
126
00:05:47,695 --> 00:05:49,914
Nolan:
It was very disappointing.
127
00:05:49,958 --> 00:05:53,744
That was when I learned
that the core axiom
128
00:05:53,788 --> 00:05:57,400
of good games is:
easy to learn,
129
00:05:57,444 --> 00:05:58,749
difficult to master.
130
00:06:00,490 --> 00:06:03,014
Well, not for a femtosecond
131
00:06:03,058 --> 00:06:05,974
did I think that I was
going to go back to Ampex.
132
00:06:06,017 --> 00:06:09,847
So, I decided to go off
and start a company with Ted
133
00:06:09,891 --> 00:06:11,719
and eventually,
we called it Atari.
134
00:06:17,681 --> 00:06:19,117
My first hire was
135
00:06:19,161 --> 00:06:22,512
a big bear of a man
named Al Alcorn.
136
00:06:22,556 --> 00:06:27,865
He was a brilliant, brilliant man and an anarchist.
137
00:06:27,909 --> 00:06:29,867
Al: I figured it would fail
in about a year
138
00:06:29,911 --> 00:06:33,044
and I'd go back to work
at Ampex, that was my plan.
139
00:06:33,088 --> 00:06:36,570
So, I show up to work and said, what are you gonna do?
140
00:06:36,613 --> 00:06:38,833
Nolan:
The very first day Al started,
141
00:06:38,876 --> 00:06:41,401
I assigned him
a simple training mission.
142
00:06:41,444 --> 00:06:43,838
[game beeping]
143
00:06:45,056 --> 00:06:47,276
Al:
Nolan described a tennis game
144
00:06:47,319 --> 00:06:50,453
with one moving spot,
score digits,
145
00:06:50,497 --> 00:06:53,238
a net, and two paddles.
146
00:06:53,282 --> 00:06:55,458
So, it was just
the simplest possible game
147
00:06:55,502 --> 00:06:57,329
you could ever do.
148
00:06:57,373 --> 00:06:59,027
I understood what it was to be.
149
00:06:59,070 --> 00:07:01,638
Whether it would sell or not,
I assumed it wouldn't.
150
00:07:01,682 --> 00:07:03,988
- I think he had it done
in a week.
151
00:07:04,032 --> 00:07:06,556
And that turned out,
of course, to be Pong.
152
00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:09,472
[game beeping]
153
00:07:11,866 --> 00:07:14,259
Mark: When my dad, Ralph,
first saw Pong ,
154
00:07:14,303 --> 00:07:19,003
he did recognize that
it was a derivative product
155
00:07:19,047 --> 00:07:22,093
from what he had
come up with before.
156
00:07:22,137 --> 00:07:23,268
Jim: You know,
it was always pretty obvious
157
00:07:23,312 --> 00:07:24,835
that my father
had started this stuff,
158
00:07:24,879 --> 00:07:28,012
and this is his idea, gone.
159
00:07:33,453 --> 00:07:35,367
- One of the most important
people in this industry
160
00:07:35,411 --> 00:07:36,847
was Ralph Baer, of course.
161
00:07:36,891 --> 00:07:38,675
- Whip out your handy dandy
162
00:07:38,719 --> 00:07:40,285
sweet tooth scrubber!
163
00:07:40,329 --> 00:07:41,896
Jim: He was always
thinking of ways
164
00:07:41,939 --> 00:07:44,376
to use whatever was around
to do other things.
165
00:07:44,420 --> 00:07:46,030
- And that included things
like, for example,
166
00:07:46,074 --> 00:07:48,076
action games
that we all know.
167
00:07:48,119 --> 00:07:50,208
- Hopefully,
we'll have some fun here.
168
00:07:50,252 --> 00:07:51,949
And if you all gather round,
169
00:07:51,993 --> 00:07:54,212
we will play a game
of Ping Pong together.
170
00:07:56,040 --> 00:07:57,172
Here we go... up...
171
00:07:58,216 --> 00:07:59,914
and down.
172
00:07:59,957 --> 00:08:01,219
And up,
he's getting tricky.
173
00:08:03,091 --> 00:08:05,876
- Did I steal
Ralph Baer's idea?
174
00:08:05,920 --> 00:08:07,443
Yes, and no.
175
00:08:07,487 --> 00:08:09,663
Ralph Baer:
A one, two, three.
176
00:08:09,706 --> 00:08:12,448
Nolan: I thought it was
just barely a game.
177
00:08:12,492 --> 00:08:13,710
- And what we've built
178
00:08:13,754 --> 00:08:15,799
we call the All Purpose Box.
179
00:08:15,843 --> 00:08:17,888
The plug-in modules will cover
180
00:08:17,932 --> 00:08:21,370
a variety of applications
such as TV gaming.
181
00:08:21,413 --> 00:08:24,112
Henry: There's no doubt,
that Ralph Baer invented
182
00:08:24,155 --> 00:08:28,246
the home television
game console, no doubt.
183
00:08:28,290 --> 00:08:30,640
So, I think he's kind
of an interesting guy.
184
00:08:30,684 --> 00:08:32,512
[crowd shouting]
185
00:08:32,555 --> 00:08:35,166
Jim: He was born in 1922
in Germany,
186
00:08:35,210 --> 00:08:36,559
during the rise of Hitler.
187
00:08:36,603 --> 00:08:38,169
[Hitler yelling in German]
188
00:08:38,213 --> 00:08:39,867
My father made it out
of Germany,
189
00:08:39,910 --> 00:08:41,564
just in the nick of time, six months before Kristallnacht.
190
00:08:43,392 --> 00:08:47,265
Most of the Baer family perishes
in concentration camps.
191
00:08:48,615 --> 00:08:50,791
Mark: But Ralph settled
in New York
192
00:08:50,834 --> 00:08:53,097
and he was a radio technician.
193
00:08:53,141 --> 00:08:55,622
He just had a knack
for the technical.
194
00:08:55,665 --> 00:08:56,753
[car honking]
195
00:08:59,582 --> 00:09:01,758
On the 1st of September 1966,
196
00:09:01,802 --> 00:09:04,065
my dad was sitting down
at the Port Authority building
197
00:09:04,108 --> 00:09:07,242
in New York and he had had
ideas of using television
198
00:09:07,285 --> 00:09:10,462
for more than just
a passive machine for years.
199
00:09:10,506 --> 00:09:11,899
But it was at that time,
200
00:09:11,942 --> 00:09:14,684
he sat down,
and he wrote it all down.
201
00:09:14,728 --> 00:09:17,295
It was an eureka moment.
202
00:09:17,339 --> 00:09:20,472
- Ralph really was pioneering
in the way of understanding
203
00:09:20,516 --> 00:09:22,562
how broadly
you could use the TV
204
00:09:22,605 --> 00:09:24,389
for something other than
passive viewing.
205
00:09:24,433 --> 00:09:26,304
- With this box,
206
00:09:26,348 --> 00:09:30,395
when the commercial comes on,
push the button,
207
00:09:30,439 --> 00:09:33,921
a tape recorder starts,
the TV set is recorded.
208
00:09:33,964 --> 00:09:35,444
- His vision was that
everybody already had this TV,
209
00:09:35,487 --> 00:09:36,880
they could do more with it.
210
00:09:36,924 --> 00:09:38,360
- And next morning,
you can't remember
211
00:09:38,403 --> 00:09:39,666
the station
on which you saw this thing
212
00:09:39,709 --> 00:09:42,625
you really wanted
to go out and buy...
213
00:09:42,669 --> 00:09:45,193
- One of the really novel
things that it could do was
214
00:09:45,236 --> 00:09:46,760
impulse buying.
215
00:09:46,803 --> 00:09:48,457
- I go ahead and push
the appropriate number,
216
00:09:48,500 --> 00:09:50,677
dial my 800 number
on the telephone,
217
00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,288
and lo and behold,
my order is placed
218
00:09:53,331 --> 00:09:54,985
in a rather painless way.
219
00:09:55,029 --> 00:09:58,119
Mark:
It was Amazon Circa 1969.
220
00:10:00,382 --> 00:10:02,079
The company he was
working for at the time,
221
00:10:02,123 --> 00:10:05,213
Sanders and Associates,
was a defense contractor.
222
00:10:08,999 --> 00:10:11,567
Jim: He got Sanders
to let him build a lab.
223
00:10:13,569 --> 00:10:15,963
He just said, I have this idea
and let me play with it.
224
00:10:17,573 --> 00:10:19,009
Mark: Back in those days,
225
00:10:19,053 --> 00:10:20,837
you could just pull people
off the line.
226
00:10:20,881 --> 00:10:22,317
So, he pulled
a couple of guys,
227
00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:24,972
he said he had a secret room
up on the sixth floor,
228
00:10:25,015 --> 00:10:28,236
and he's starting to tinker
with television games.
229
00:10:28,279 --> 00:10:31,326
- So he had his own area
with a couple of people
230
00:10:31,369 --> 00:10:32,675
who worked for him,
231
00:10:32,719 --> 00:10:34,808
and essentially did
everything on his own
232
00:10:34,851 --> 00:10:36,548
to develop the Brown Box.
233
00:10:37,811 --> 00:10:39,639
Mark: The original
Brown Box prototype
234
00:10:39,682 --> 00:10:41,597
did many, many things.
235
00:10:43,033 --> 00:10:46,036
Ping Pong ultimately was the one
that really ca on.
236
00:10:47,690 --> 00:10:48,865
Jim: My father brought home
one of the prototypes
237
00:10:48,909 --> 00:10:50,388
and my brother
and I played it.
238
00:10:50,432 --> 00:10:51,955
We were the first kids
to play video games.
239
00:10:51,999 --> 00:10:55,393
And we had the first video
game parties and I won.
240
00:10:55,437 --> 00:10:58,527
- I think the record's clear
that he lost all of the time.
241
00:10:58,570 --> 00:11:01,008
- I defeated my brother,
regardless of what he says.
242
00:11:04,533 --> 00:11:06,013
Mark: But Sanders management decided,
243
00:11:06,056 --> 00:11:08,493
we are not a consumer
electronics company.
244
00:11:08,537 --> 00:11:10,278
We're not going to build this.
245
00:11:10,321 --> 00:11:12,106
Jim: Sanders
was looking for a licensee,
246
00:11:12,149 --> 00:11:13,107
'cause they were
not in the business
247
00:11:13,150 --> 00:11:14,848
of doing consumer products.
248
00:11:14,891 --> 00:11:16,937
Mark: And he finally sits down
with Magnavox
249
00:11:16,980 --> 00:11:18,503
and they produced a
commercial product
250
00:11:18,547 --> 00:11:20,375
called the Magnavox Odyssey.
251
00:11:22,769 --> 00:11:26,642
The first-line Odyssey
was a black and white console
252
00:11:26,686 --> 00:11:28,122
and it had
two separate apparatus
253
00:11:28,165 --> 00:11:29,863
where you control the spots.
254
00:11:31,778 --> 00:11:33,344
You couldn't project
things on your screen
255
00:11:33,388 --> 00:11:35,564
without having a supercomputer.
256
00:11:35,607 --> 00:11:38,175
So, what they did is
they made plastic sheets
257
00:11:38,219 --> 00:11:40,090
and it would look
like a tennis court.
258
00:11:41,613 --> 00:11:46,227
Odyssey was shown
in 1972 in Silicon Valley.
259
00:11:46,270 --> 00:11:47,750
It was a demo.
260
00:11:47,794 --> 00:11:49,360
There were a lot of people
who came,
261
00:11:49,404 --> 00:11:52,015
including people,
in other businesses.
262
00:11:52,059 --> 00:11:53,234
Henry: Nolan Bushnell
definitely saw
263
00:11:53,277 --> 00:11:55,149
the Magnavox Odyssey there.
264
00:11:55,192 --> 00:11:58,282
He signed the guest ledger
and he was there.
265
00:11:58,326 --> 00:12:01,895
- I had heard
there was a video game
266
00:12:01,938 --> 00:12:05,986
being displayed
and I thought that's my area,
267
00:12:06,029 --> 00:12:10,207
who has the affront
to do a video game?
268
00:12:10,251 --> 00:12:13,558
But I was unimpressed
from the minute I saw it.
269
00:12:13,602 --> 00:12:14,908
It was fuzzy.
270
00:12:14,951 --> 00:12:17,519
The gameplay was funny,
271
00:12:17,562 --> 00:12:20,696
because you had control
of the ball after you hit it.
272
00:12:20,740 --> 00:12:23,003
It had no score,
it had no sound.
273
00:12:23,046 --> 00:12:26,354
To me, it was
an incomplete project.
274
00:12:26,397 --> 00:12:28,182
So I improved upon it.
275
00:12:28,225 --> 00:12:31,794
I made it functional,
and I made it better.
276
00:12:31,838 --> 00:12:35,058
The thought that it was
going to cause me some problems
277
00:12:35,102 --> 00:12:36,059
didn't even enter my mind.
278
00:12:43,763 --> 00:12:45,329
I was unimpressed.
279
00:12:45,373 --> 00:12:48,376
And I said,
let's make this game and fix it.
280
00:12:49,899 --> 00:12:56,253
It was meant as an exercise,
and so, I assigned it to Al.
281
00:12:56,297 --> 00:13:00,257
I went to the blackboard
and drew out what we wanted
282
00:13:00,301 --> 00:13:01,955
and he says, okay,
I can do that.
283
00:13:03,217 --> 00:13:04,261
- We got it to work
284
00:13:04,305 --> 00:13:05,306
but it was terrible,
285
00:13:05,349 --> 00:13:06,960
it was clearly no fun,
286
00:13:07,003 --> 00:13:08,570
'cause it was either too fast
287
00:13:08,613 --> 00:13:09,832
and you couldn't get
the hang of it
288
00:13:09,876 --> 00:13:12,095
or it was too slow
and it was boring.
289
00:13:12,139 --> 00:13:15,185
- Al Alcorn looked at
what the Odysseygame was
290
00:13:15,229 --> 00:13:18,667
and found ways to make it
a more compelling experience.
291
00:13:18,710 --> 00:13:20,060
Nolan: The first thing
we had to do is make sure
292
00:13:20,103 --> 00:13:23,237
that the game had an offense
293
00:13:23,280 --> 00:13:25,500
and that was created
by the angle
294
00:13:25,543 --> 00:13:27,241
that the ball left the paddle
295
00:13:27,284 --> 00:13:30,635
be dependent on
where on the paddle it hit.
296
00:13:30,679 --> 00:13:33,160
That's when we decided
that we would increase
297
00:13:33,203 --> 00:13:35,727
the ball speed after
x number of volleys.
298
00:13:37,251 --> 00:13:39,688
- And he says, oh,
it's got to have sound.
299
00:13:39,731 --> 00:13:41,168
I said, okay,
I'll be right back,
300
00:13:41,211 --> 00:13:42,909
and I poked around
and found some sounds
301
00:13:42,952 --> 00:13:44,693
that were already
in the sync generator
302
00:13:44,736 --> 00:13:45,737
and put them out.
303
00:13:45,781 --> 00:13:47,261
[beeping noise from the game]
304
00:13:47,304 --> 00:13:48,828
Since then, there have been
articles written
305
00:13:48,871 --> 00:13:50,525
about how brilliant
the sound was,
306
00:13:50,568 --> 00:13:53,354
which I think is hilarious.
- [loud beep]
307
00:13:53,397 --> 00:13:57,488
Nolan: In probably three weeks, it became so fun,
308
00:13:57,532 --> 00:13:59,621
we were staying after work
to play the damn thing.
309
00:14:00,883 --> 00:14:02,580
Al: At some point,
Nolan and Ted said,
310
00:14:02,624 --> 00:14:04,713
that's pretty good,
let's put it in a box
311
00:14:04,756 --> 00:14:07,237
and put it on location
at Andy Capp's Tavern.
312
00:14:07,281 --> 00:14:09,152
And just see
what the public thinks of it.
313
00:14:10,501 --> 00:14:13,417
- It was a peanut shell
on the floor beer bar.
314
00:14:13,461 --> 00:14:16,856
You know, and it had
a bunch of games in the back.
315
00:14:16,899 --> 00:14:18,248
Three days later,
316
00:14:18,292 --> 00:14:20,468
we got a service call.
- [phone ringing]
317
00:14:20,511 --> 00:14:22,383
And so, we thought, oh, geez,
318
00:14:22,426 --> 00:14:24,385
we've got a reliability problem.
319
00:14:24,428 --> 00:14:26,517
- So, I went over there
to my surprise,
320
00:14:26,561 --> 00:14:30,826
when I opened the coin box,
all these quarters gushed out.
321
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:33,176
It wasn't broken, it was just
so full of quarters
322
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:35,483
it wouldn't take any more.
323
00:14:35,526 --> 00:14:37,137
- People were waiting
for the bar to open
324
00:14:37,180 --> 00:14:38,660
o they'd come in and play Pong.
325
00:14:38,703 --> 00:14:41,402
They were playing it all day.
326
00:14:41,445 --> 00:14:43,926
Al: I remember sitting
at Andy Capp's Tavern
327
00:14:43,970 --> 00:14:46,102
and Nolan basically says,
328
00:14:46,146 --> 00:14:48,104
we're gonna be in
the manufacturing business.
329
00:14:48,148 --> 00:14:50,715
And Ted and I said,
"No way, we're engineers,
330
00:14:50,759 --> 00:14:53,153
we don't know anything
about manufacturing!"
331
00:14:58,071 --> 00:14:59,115
- I said, you know,
332
00:14:59,159 --> 00:15:01,901
I think
we can sell these things.
333
00:15:01,944 --> 00:15:05,600
We had enough money,
300 bucks,
334
00:15:05,643 --> 00:15:08,951
to buy the parts for 12 units.
335
00:15:08,995 --> 00:15:11,214
And literally,
in three weeks,
336
00:15:11,258 --> 00:15:15,653
we built the 12 and sold them
all for a thousand bucks.
337
00:15:17,742 --> 00:15:19,135
I went to Al and I said,
338
00:15:19,179 --> 00:15:22,312
you know, we've got to ramp up,
two hundred a day.
339
00:15:22,356 --> 00:15:24,227
He says, you've lost
your mind, Nolan.
340
00:15:24,271 --> 00:15:27,187
- Insane.
Whenever I see a new idea,
341
00:15:27,230 --> 00:15:29,667
I immediately think of
all the reasons it can't work.
342
00:15:29,711 --> 00:15:30,755
I'm a pessimist.
343
00:15:30,799 --> 00:15:32,453
- But I'm an optimist
344
00:15:32,496 --> 00:15:35,717
and I really do believe,
if you think you can do it,
345
00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:36,631
it will get that way.
346
00:15:38,285 --> 00:15:40,461
- We had no experience,
we had no employees,
347
00:15:40,504 --> 00:15:42,550
we had no money,
we had no space.
348
00:15:44,117 --> 00:15:47,207
Nolan: We rented an old
defunct skating rink.
349
00:15:47,250 --> 00:15:50,340
That was our
manufacturing facility.
350
00:15:50,384 --> 00:15:52,734
Al:
But, how do you hire people?
351
00:15:52,777 --> 00:15:53,909
The only thing
that occurred to us
352
00:15:53,953 --> 00:15:55,389
is just go to
the unemployment office
353
00:15:55,432 --> 00:15:58,522
and get people and uh,
what could go wrong?
354
00:15:58,566 --> 00:16:01,525
- I didn't realize that
all these people were derelicts
355
00:16:01,569 --> 00:16:03,614
and of course,
we didn't have security.
356
00:16:03,658 --> 00:16:05,790
- It was crazy time.
357
00:16:05,834 --> 00:16:08,445
Nolan:
But, piece by piece by piece,
358
00:16:08,489 --> 00:16:11,579
we actually started to know
what we were doing.
359
00:16:14,060 --> 00:16:17,280
[♪♪♪]
360
00:16:17,324 --> 00:16:19,195
Atari Archival: Here is where
it all takes place.
361
00:16:19,239 --> 00:16:21,154
The Atari engineering building
362
00:16:21,197 --> 00:16:23,939
in its bucolic surroundings
in picturesque Sunnyvale,
363
00:16:23,983 --> 00:16:26,028
staffed by a group
of technical people
364
00:16:26,072 --> 00:16:29,858
who are truly outstanding
in their field.
365
00:16:29,901 --> 00:16:31,773
Ed: I walked into Atari
366
00:16:31,816 --> 00:16:37,344
and I saw a bunch of people
having just a blast working.
367
00:16:37,387 --> 00:16:39,172
They were excited about
what they were doing.
368
00:16:39,215 --> 00:16:42,349
They were my age.
It was just exciting as heck.
369
00:16:45,091 --> 00:16:46,788
Elaine:
It wasn't like work.
370
00:16:46,831 --> 00:16:50,357
We had rock and roll music
blasting through the factory,
371
00:16:55,101 --> 00:16:56,319
which was totally awesome.
372
00:16:56,363 --> 00:16:58,887
I remember Steve Miller,
the Moody Blues.
373
00:17:07,113 --> 00:17:10,290
Nolan:
We felt we could hire anyone,
374
00:17:10,333 --> 00:17:12,118
no matter how strange they were.
375
00:17:16,774 --> 00:17:18,515
Atari Archival:
Fully factory condition
376
00:17:18,559 --> 00:17:21,214
with genuine Atari parts stolen direct from the Atari factory.
377
00:17:21,257 --> 00:17:22,780
Nolan: I wrote a manifesto
378
00:17:22,824 --> 00:17:26,915
that encapsulated
the values of our company.
379
00:17:26,958 --> 00:17:31,398
We wanted to treat everyone as equally as we possibly could.
380
00:17:31,441 --> 00:17:33,791
For example, I wouldn't allow
381
00:17:33,835 --> 00:17:36,446
reserved parking spaces
for the executives.
382
00:17:38,187 --> 00:17:40,363
We don't care how you dress,
383
00:17:40,407 --> 00:17:43,062
we don't care
when you come to work,
384
00:17:43,105 --> 00:17:45,803
we don't care
if you come to work;
385
00:17:45,847 --> 00:17:47,936
get your job done,
and everything's fine.
386
00:17:49,459 --> 00:17:50,895
We had this attitude of;
387
00:17:50,939 --> 00:17:54,073
people were adults
and free to do as they wished.
388
00:17:54,116 --> 00:17:56,031
- We were young horny engineers
389
00:17:56,075 --> 00:17:58,947
and we'd ogle and
there was funny banter.
390
00:17:58,990 --> 00:18:00,514
Elaine:
I remember one girl,
391
00:18:00,557 --> 00:18:03,430
made bikini tops out of leather that some people wore,
392
00:18:03,473 --> 00:18:04,735
but you didn't wear
bikini bottoms,
393
00:18:04,779 --> 00:18:05,649
that was uncalled for.
394
00:18:08,130 --> 00:18:11,916
- Did a lot of people
go home together, absolutely.
395
00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,005
- But it was the '70s,
396
00:18:14,049 --> 00:18:17,357
and that was part of
American culture in the '70s.
397
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:20,229
I think it's difficult
to look at that
398
00:18:20,273 --> 00:18:22,144
through today's lens,
399
00:18:22,188 --> 00:18:23,885
because it was
a very different era.
400
00:18:23,928 --> 00:18:25,104
Archival News:
What do we want?
401
00:18:25,147 --> 00:18:26,279
- ERA!
- When do we want it?
402
00:18:26,322 --> 00:18:28,019
- Now!
403
00:18:28,063 --> 00:18:30,761
Nancy: The '70s were really
the birth of feminism,
404
00:18:30,805 --> 00:18:34,156
and Atari led the way
in all that.
405
00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:37,464
Atari had an equal pay
for equal work policy.
406
00:18:37,507 --> 00:18:38,987
Elaine:
I never thought
407
00:18:39,030 --> 00:18:40,989
the women or men
were treated any different.
408
00:18:41,032 --> 00:18:43,687
And I had like 48 people
working for me one time
409
00:18:43,731 --> 00:18:45,341
and nobody treated me
any different,
410
00:18:45,385 --> 00:18:46,995
because I was a woman.
411
00:18:47,038 --> 00:18:51,391
- There was also this whole idea
of hot tub culture.
412
00:18:54,437 --> 00:18:57,397
Something that through
the lens of today
413
00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,443
probably looks
a little bit promiscuous.
414
00:19:00,487 --> 00:19:02,445
People would get naked
and get into the hot tub
415
00:19:02,489 --> 00:19:03,490
at the end of a party.
416
00:19:03,533 --> 00:19:06,623
I mean, it was kind of normal.
417
00:19:06,667 --> 00:19:09,626
- I think it was a woman
who installed it.
418
00:19:11,062 --> 00:19:12,542
Loni: I was in charge of
picking out colors
419
00:19:12,586 --> 00:19:13,848
for all the different parts
420
00:19:13,891 --> 00:19:16,981
and that included the tiles
for the hot tub,
421
00:19:17,025 --> 00:19:18,853
which were a blue and orange.
422
00:19:18,896 --> 00:19:21,856
They had the Atari logo
on the back wall.
423
00:19:21,899 --> 00:19:24,772
- I remember the day
Nolan and I decided
424
00:19:24,815 --> 00:19:27,296
we're going to break
the hot tub in.
425
00:19:27,340 --> 00:19:28,254
Owen: There were times
where it was locked
426
00:19:28,297 --> 00:19:29,298
and people were in it,
427
00:19:29,342 --> 00:19:30,734
so you can use
your imagination
428
00:19:30,778 --> 00:19:32,127
what might've been going on
in the hot tub room.
429
00:19:32,171 --> 00:19:33,650
- I was never
in that hot tub.
430
00:19:33,694 --> 00:19:35,304
Other hot tubs,
but not that one.
431
00:19:35,348 --> 00:19:37,176
- We actually had
a board meeting one time
432
00:19:37,219 --> 00:19:38,568
in the hot tub.
433
00:19:38,612 --> 00:19:39,439
We didn't think about it.
434
00:19:42,616 --> 00:19:44,357
[coarse beating noise]
435
00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:45,227
Atari Archival: One more!
436
00:19:46,707 --> 00:19:48,448
Now he's really
eating cornflakes!
437
00:19:48,491 --> 00:19:50,711
Hup, two, three, four!
438
00:19:52,234 --> 00:19:54,889
Elaine: The Atari, to me,
kind of set the standards
439
00:19:54,932 --> 00:19:57,065
for how to have a fun company.
440
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:02,549
- Every two weeks,
if we met quota,
441
00:20:02,592 --> 00:20:05,508
there was a beer bust
with free pizza and beer.
442
00:20:06,901 --> 00:20:08,555
- By this time,
we were pretty well known
443
00:20:08,598 --> 00:20:12,080
as the most fun place
to work in Silicon Valley.
444
00:20:12,123 --> 00:20:13,603
Trip: We were hearing
stories about Atari,
445
00:20:13,647 --> 00:20:15,301
I mean, it had kind of
a legendary culture.
446
00:20:15,344 --> 00:20:17,346
They're all doing dope
on the assembly line.
447
00:20:19,174 --> 00:20:22,438
Nolan was probably high
a good chunk of the time too.
448
00:20:22,482 --> 00:20:25,528
- There was a funny smell
to the air.
449
00:20:25,572 --> 00:20:26,660
Atari Employee Archival: This is how we put out games, huh?
450
00:20:28,183 --> 00:20:30,359
Engineering in action!
451
00:20:30,403 --> 00:20:32,187
Elaine:
There was a lot of pot.
452
00:20:32,231 --> 00:20:33,710
- So, I don't know if you know
the name, Rolling Papers,
453
00:20:33,754 --> 00:20:35,669
it was S.D. Modiano, right.
454
00:20:35,712 --> 00:20:38,237
So, anybody in the company
could use the pager
455
00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:39,977
to page the whole building.
And you would hear...
456
00:20:40,021 --> 00:20:41,065
Atari Employee Archival:
S.D. Modiano to the upstairs
457
00:20:41,109 --> 00:20:41,979
conference room, please.
458
00:20:44,199 --> 00:20:45,940
- And that was the key
that anybody wanted to go out
459
00:20:45,983 --> 00:20:47,724
and smoke a joint.
460
00:20:47,768 --> 00:20:50,118
Jeff: I remember the day
they said, don't smoke pot
461
00:20:50,161 --> 00:20:52,294
in front of the building.
462
00:20:52,338 --> 00:20:55,732
Just go out back,
and so we did.
463
00:20:55,776 --> 00:20:58,996
It was a great place to work.
464
00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:00,128
[clatter]
465
00:21:00,171 --> 00:21:01,738
I would do it all over again.
466
00:21:01,782 --> 00:21:04,219
Absolutely,
without the drugs.
467
00:21:04,263 --> 00:21:07,135
[laughter]
468
00:21:11,792 --> 00:21:13,228
Odyssey Commercial:
What does your family do
469
00:21:13,272 --> 00:21:15,709
on those stay-indoors
rainy afternoons?
470
00:21:15,752 --> 00:21:18,407
Or on those cold,
blustery winter days?
471
00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:21,671
Entertain themselves
with Odyssey !
472
00:21:23,151 --> 00:21:26,633
Mark: Odyssey finally
came to market in 1972.
473
00:21:26,676 --> 00:21:27,851
It took a while.
474
00:21:27,895 --> 00:21:29,549
Magnavox did drag their feet.
475
00:21:37,383 --> 00:21:39,210
Henry: By the time
it did come out,
476
00:21:39,254 --> 00:21:41,125
the technology
underneath the hood
477
00:21:41,169 --> 00:21:44,825
was no longer as current
as it could have been.
478
00:21:44,868 --> 00:21:47,784
Mark: They sold 'bout
350,000 of these units.
479
00:21:47,828 --> 00:21:51,005
Pretty good sales, but it certainly didn't blow up.
480
00:21:51,048 --> 00:21:52,354
Henry: The Magnavox Odyssey
was not a failure,
481
00:21:52,398 --> 00:21:54,356
but it was not a great success.
482
00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:56,663
A part of that was Magnavox.
483
00:21:56,706 --> 00:21:58,317
Magnavox TV Commercial:
Want to save $50
484
00:21:58,360 --> 00:22:00,710
and solve two gift problems
at once?
485
00:22:00,754 --> 00:22:02,886
Get Odyssey by Magnavox.
486
00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:05,062
- Ralph would have liked to
have seen it marketed better.
487
00:22:05,106 --> 00:22:08,718
Magnavox TV Commercial: This $99.95 value is only $49.95
488
00:22:08,762 --> 00:22:12,156
when you buy any Magnavox TV,
17 inches or larger.
489
00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:13,288
Henry:
Magnavox made televisions
490
00:22:13,332 --> 00:22:14,855
and many people assumed
491
00:22:14,898 --> 00:22:16,291
they would need
a Magnavox television
492
00:22:16,335 --> 00:22:18,206
to operate this device.
493
00:22:18,249 --> 00:22:21,165
- They limited the potential,
my father was very annoyed.
494
00:22:21,209 --> 00:22:24,865
agnavox TV Commercial: Odyssey,
now at your Magnavox dealer.
495
00:22:24,908 --> 00:22:28,390
- I think Ralph thought
they had compromised too much.
496
00:22:28,434 --> 00:22:30,958
So, it didn't get out into the consciousness of the nation
497
00:22:31,001 --> 00:22:33,134
the way that something novel
might get out today.
498
00:22:34,831 --> 00:22:37,225
I think Ralph felt
a little bit neglected
499
00:22:37,268 --> 00:22:39,401
and left in the dust.
500
00:22:39,445 --> 00:22:42,361
Keith: And he felt that Magnavox should have been doing more,
501
00:22:42,404 --> 00:22:44,624
and he pushed them
to call their lawyers.
502
00:22:55,591 --> 00:22:58,159
Nolan:
Pong was a phenomenon.
503
00:22:58,202 --> 00:23:00,683
So, sales were easy.
504
00:23:00,727 --> 00:23:03,947
The distributors would say,
send me 10, send me 10,
505
00:23:03,991 --> 00:23:07,168
and all of a sudden,
I had a backlog of 4,000 units.
506
00:23:08,648 --> 00:23:10,867
The problem was
that anybody could climb
507
00:23:10,911 --> 00:23:12,695
into the business.
508
00:23:12,739 --> 00:23:15,306
- Everybody was
copying our machine.
509
00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:18,092
But in those days,
we didn't think much of patents.
510
00:23:18,135 --> 00:23:20,094
Nolan: Because in
the video game business,
511
00:23:20,137 --> 00:23:22,705
technology is moving so quickly
512
00:23:22,749 --> 00:23:24,446
we always had
better things to do
513
00:23:24,490 --> 00:23:27,057
with our time
than patent litigation.
514
00:23:27,101 --> 00:23:29,103
Henry: Atari's commitment
to innovation was so great,
515
00:23:29,146 --> 00:23:30,452
that they really
weren't concerned
516
00:23:30,496 --> 00:23:33,324
about controlling the industry.
517
00:23:33,368 --> 00:23:37,241
Nolan: We had a strategy
of just doing better
518
00:23:37,285 --> 00:23:39,853
and better and better.
519
00:23:39,896 --> 00:23:42,812
And so, from Pong,
we went to Pong Doubles,
520
00:23:42,856 --> 00:23:46,381
and Quadra Pong
and then Space Race .
521
00:23:46,425 --> 00:23:47,817
We just kept them coming.
522
00:23:51,386 --> 00:23:52,909
Elaine: There was Tank ,
523
00:23:52,953 --> 00:23:55,390
which ended up being
a really big game for us.
524
00:23:55,434 --> 00:23:56,826
[video game playing]
525
00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:59,481
Ed: Gotcha,
Night Driver .
526
00:23:59,525 --> 00:24:02,441
Sprint , a great driving game,
a lot of fun,
527
00:24:02,484 --> 00:24:03,746
it had nothing to do
with reality.
528
00:24:05,705 --> 00:24:08,882
Nolan: I had a game that wanted built called
Breakout ,
529
00:24:08,925 --> 00:24:10,536
which is a ball and paddle game,
530
00:24:10,579 --> 00:24:13,321
and none of my engineers
wanted to do it.
531
00:24:13,364 --> 00:24:15,671
But one day, a guy
came into the lobby and said,
532
00:24:15,715 --> 00:24:17,847
I'm not leaving
until you hire me.
533
00:24:17,891 --> 00:24:22,765
He was, scruffy,
ill-kempt, and brash.
534
00:24:22,809 --> 00:24:23,897
It was Steve Jobs.
535
00:24:25,768 --> 00:24:29,337
I asked Steve to do Breakout
on the night shift
536
00:24:29,380 --> 00:24:32,775
because I knew, if Steve
was on the night shift,
537
00:24:32,819 --> 00:24:35,169
Steve Wozniak
would come over after work
538
00:24:35,212 --> 00:24:36,649
at Hewlett Packard.
539
00:24:36,692 --> 00:24:37,998
And I knew
that the two of them
540
00:24:38,041 --> 00:24:39,608
could get this game
knocked out
541
00:24:39,652 --> 00:24:41,262
in really good time.
542
00:24:41,305 --> 00:24:42,306
And they did.
543
00:24:42,350 --> 00:24:45,179
[video game playing]
544
00:24:45,222 --> 00:24:47,094
Steve Wozniak: We both
stayed up all night long,
545
00:24:47,137 --> 00:24:48,617
four nights in a row.
546
00:24:48,661 --> 00:24:51,315
We both got mononucleosis
from it.
547
00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:53,013
We were really
stressing ourselves,
548
00:24:53,056 --> 00:24:55,711
but we felt we actually
did design it.
549
00:24:55,755 --> 00:24:58,714
Nolan: They ended up
getting a $5,000 bonus.
550
00:24:58,758 --> 00:25:01,630
Twenty years later, Wozniak
was sitting in my kitchen
551
00:25:01,674 --> 00:25:04,198
and I said, hey, you know,
when you got that bonus,
552
00:25:04,241 --> 00:25:05,242
what did you do with it?
553
00:25:05,286 --> 00:25:07,506
$2,500?
554
00:25:07,549 --> 00:25:12,119
He shook his head and he says,
Steve did it to me again.
555
00:25:12,162 --> 00:25:15,731
Steve had told Wozniak
that it was a $500 bonus.
556
00:25:15,775 --> 00:25:18,429
And so, he gave him 250
and kept the rest for himself.
557
00:25:18,473 --> 00:25:20,867
[applause]
558
00:25:20,910 --> 00:25:22,999
Steve did break out
559
00:25:23,043 --> 00:25:26,873
and then got this idea
to do a personal computer.
560
00:25:26,916 --> 00:25:29,005
And he came to me and said,
561
00:25:29,049 --> 00:25:32,182
do you want a third of
Apple Computer for $50,000?
562
00:25:32,226 --> 00:25:34,228
And I turned it down,
563
00:25:34,271 --> 00:25:36,578
which I've subsequently
regretted.
564
00:25:36,622 --> 00:25:37,797
[chuckles]
565
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:38,972
Just a little.
566
00:25:39,015 --> 00:25:39,973
TV Reporter:
Nolan Bushnell,
567
00:25:40,016 --> 00:25:42,323
you are an acknowledged
visionary
568
00:25:42,366 --> 00:25:43,803
in this part of the world.
569
00:25:43,846 --> 00:25:48,155
Did even you foresee
what Pongwould bring?
570
00:25:48,198 --> 00:25:49,765
- Well, I'm not sure
that I thought
571
00:25:49,809 --> 00:25:51,593
it was going to be quite
this big this quickly.
572
00:25:54,378 --> 00:25:56,946
We had talked about
a home version
573
00:25:56,990 --> 00:25:59,035
of our stuff a lot,
574
00:25:59,079 --> 00:26:01,255
but the economics
of our technology
575
00:26:01,298 --> 00:26:02,473
couldn't allow it.
576
00:26:04,998 --> 00:26:07,522
was to put everythinge
on a single piece of silicon,
577
00:26:07,566 --> 00:26:08,741
a custom chip.
578
00:26:08,784 --> 00:26:10,264
- But Al came into me and said,
579
00:26:10,307 --> 00:26:12,179
I've just found
some new technology.
580
00:26:12,222 --> 00:26:14,224
And so, all of a sudden,
581
00:26:14,268 --> 00:26:18,315
the opportunity of putting
Pongon chip was real.
582
00:26:21,362 --> 00:26:24,800
It was a small
little console, two knobs.
583
00:26:24,844 --> 00:26:25,801
And it was cute.
584
00:26:27,847 --> 00:26:30,893
I think we ended up
building about 180,000.
585
00:26:32,591 --> 00:26:33,548
Sold every one of them.
586
00:26:36,899 --> 00:26:39,598
[video game playing]
587
00:26:43,950 --> 00:26:46,039
- At this point, Ralph Baer
is still the company man
588
00:26:46,082 --> 00:26:48,650
at Sanders Associates,
coming up with new inventions,
589
00:26:48,694 --> 00:26:51,000
but the phenomenal success
of home Pong
590
00:26:51,044 --> 00:26:53,046
would not escape his attentions.
591
00:26:53,089 --> 00:26:55,265
- A lot of people,
made a lot of money
592
00:26:55,309 --> 00:26:56,789
off of Dad's inventions.
593
00:26:58,051 --> 00:26:59,966
- You wanna score, Bill?
594
00:27:00,009 --> 00:27:01,663
Mark: Did it annoy him
595
00:27:01,707 --> 00:27:03,143
that other people took
credit for his work?
596
00:27:03,186 --> 00:27:05,536
I mean, as it would anybody.
597
00:27:05,580 --> 00:27:06,450
Ralph Baer:
Get closer than that,
598
00:27:06,494 --> 00:27:08,278
make it a little faster.
599
00:27:08,322 --> 00:27:10,672
Bob: It was very important
to him that people understood
600
00:27:10,716 --> 00:27:12,195
that it was his idea originally.
601
00:27:14,328 --> 00:27:16,678
- It's clear that Ralph Baer
was the designer
602
00:27:16,722 --> 00:27:18,245
of the first working game.
603
00:27:19,986 --> 00:27:22,684
Nolan: I never had
a problem with Ralph
604
00:27:22,728 --> 00:27:26,557
until he started claiming
that he invented Pong .
605
00:27:26,601 --> 00:27:29,386
He invented Odyssey and it was very different than
Pong .
606
00:27:31,084 --> 00:27:34,043
- Nolan Bushnell is claiming
that he invented video gaming
607
00:27:34,087 --> 00:27:36,698
and my father did resent someone trying to steal the credit.
608
00:27:40,006 --> 00:27:43,226
Mark: If Ralph had truly
been a great promoter,
609
00:27:43,270 --> 00:27:45,533
self-aggrandizing kind of guy,
610
00:27:45,576 --> 00:27:47,100
yeah, he would have gotten
a lot more recognition,
611
00:27:47,143 --> 00:27:48,536
probably got a lot more money
612
00:27:48,579 --> 00:27:50,843
and had a lot more people
behind him,
613
00:27:50,886 --> 00:27:53,193
but that just wasn't him.
614
00:27:53,236 --> 00:27:55,108
Jim: Ralph Baer
is the father of video games.
615
00:27:57,545 --> 00:28:00,548
- The father of video games
is a construct
616
00:28:00,591 --> 00:28:04,813
that I kind of think
is specious.
617
00:28:04,857 --> 00:28:09,775
I don't feel any animosity
to Ralph, whatsoever.
618
00:28:09,818 --> 00:28:12,908
I think he was a brilliant
analog engineer
619
00:28:12,952 --> 00:28:15,345
that did some
very, very good work.
620
00:28:17,043 --> 00:28:19,219
But in terms of
commercial success,
621
00:28:19,262 --> 00:28:20,916
it's me, period.
622
00:28:22,396 --> 00:28:24,180
I think I had
at the right time,
623
00:28:24,224 --> 00:28:26,269
the right place,
technical skills,
624
00:28:26,313 --> 00:28:28,576
and the business smarts
to launch an industry.
625
00:28:30,709 --> 00:28:33,189
Owen: Ralph got that
you could play a game on a TV.
626
00:28:33,233 --> 00:28:34,625
Nolan figured out
how to make it fun.
627
00:28:37,019 --> 00:28:38,542
Henry: It wouldn't
surprise me one bit
628
00:28:38,586 --> 00:28:41,937
if Ralph agitated
Magnavox executives
629
00:28:41,981 --> 00:28:43,460
that they needed
to go after Atari.
630
00:28:45,114 --> 00:28:46,812
Mark:
It might've been the 1970's,
631
00:28:46,855 --> 00:28:49,989
but business is business and if there's money to be made,
632
00:28:50,032 --> 00:28:52,078
they went after the infringers.
633
00:28:52,121 --> 00:28:54,254
- Nolan Bushnell
and the people at Atari
634
00:28:54,297 --> 00:28:57,387
were more focused on coming up
with new and exciting ideas
635
00:28:57,431 --> 00:28:59,781
to stay ahead
of the audience
636
00:28:59,825 --> 00:29:02,653
than they were trying to protect
the ideas of games.
637
00:29:02,697 --> 00:29:05,961
But Ralph Baer felt very differently about patents.
638
00:29:06,005 --> 00:29:09,486
Ralph Baer was an engineer,
and engineers live on patents.
639
00:29:09,530 --> 00:29:12,881
- Ralph Baer and Magnavox
sent us a letter
640
00:29:12,925 --> 00:29:15,710
noticing that they had a patent on the whole thing
641
00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:19,801
and wanted us
to stop making them, you know.
642
00:29:19,845 --> 00:29:21,411
Nolan:
I thought it was specious,
643
00:29:21,455 --> 00:29:25,807
because their technology was
different as cheese and chalk.
644
00:29:25,851 --> 00:29:26,852
Al:
Oh, when I read that letter,
645
00:29:26,895 --> 00:29:28,723
I said, this patent is [bleep]
646
00:29:28,767 --> 00:29:30,333
because the patent
was very broad.
647
00:29:30,377 --> 00:29:31,813
- And the reason
it could be broad
648
00:29:31,857 --> 00:29:33,641
was because it was the first one
that was out there.
649
00:29:33,684 --> 00:29:35,469
It was definitive.
650
00:29:35,512 --> 00:29:37,819
Nolan: They were asserting
that a spot
651
00:29:37,863 --> 00:29:41,083
colliding with another spot
on a video screen
652
00:29:41,127 --> 00:29:42,693
was protected
by their patents.
653
00:29:46,306 --> 00:29:48,482
Bob: Ralph was extremely good
at keeping notes.
654
00:29:48,525 --> 00:29:50,049
He wrote everything down,
655
00:29:50,092 --> 00:29:52,094
which actually
was great in the end,
656
00:29:52,138 --> 00:29:53,835
because there's no way
657
00:29:53,879 --> 00:29:55,794
that he would have been able
to have the success that he did
658
00:29:55,837 --> 00:29:57,883
had he not done so.
659
00:29:57,926 --> 00:29:59,188
Jim: He could come up
with an idea
660
00:29:59,232 --> 00:30:00,842
and write it down
in the form of disclosures
661
00:30:00,886 --> 00:30:03,627
that the lawyers can translate
directly into the forms.
662
00:30:03,671 --> 00:30:05,281
He got very good at that.
663
00:30:05,325 --> 00:30:08,850
- That helped enormously
for patent enforcement.
664
00:30:08,894 --> 00:30:10,286
- Our attorney's saying,
665
00:30:10,330 --> 00:30:12,071
we could fight them,
we could win.
666
00:30:12,114 --> 00:30:14,203
And Nolan said, fine,
how much would that cost.
667
00:30:14,247 --> 00:30:17,859
Oh, at least
a million dollars.
668
00:30:17,903 --> 00:30:21,341
Nolan: I didn't want to spend
a lot of time litigating it.
669
00:30:21,384 --> 00:30:24,953
And so, I agreed
to a paid up license,
670
00:30:24,997 --> 00:30:26,694
- Ironically,
this settlement
671
00:30:26,737 --> 00:30:29,523
was one of the keys
to Atari's success.
672
00:30:31,046 --> 00:30:34,702
Nolan: Here's the trick, I decided that we would settle,
673
00:30:34,745 --> 00:30:37,748
but only for a de minimis
amount of money.
674
00:30:37,792 --> 00:30:39,489
And in our settlement,
675
00:30:39,533 --> 00:30:41,840
I required them to go
after our competitors.
676
00:30:43,667 --> 00:30:47,889
Mark: So Magnavox sued
all of the players of the day.
677
00:30:47,933 --> 00:30:50,065
Nolan: It was going to
weaken our competitors
678
00:30:50,109 --> 00:30:51,937
and it was strengthening me.
679
00:30:51,980 --> 00:30:53,982
No harm, no foul.
680
00:30:54,026 --> 00:30:55,854
And so, I wasn't that concerned
681
00:30:55,897 --> 00:30:58,682
about the Sanders Magnavox
lawsuit,
682
00:30:58,726 --> 00:31:01,163
because I knew I had
other things up my sleeve.
683
00:31:09,955 --> 00:31:11,913
Henry: In the beginning
of the home console,
684
00:31:11,957 --> 00:31:13,959
the machine played one game.
685
00:31:14,002 --> 00:31:15,395
Ralph Baer:
Missed it, one up.
686
00:31:15,438 --> 00:31:17,092
Henry: The next step
would be,
687
00:31:17,136 --> 00:31:19,486
what about a machine
that can play multiple games?
688
00:31:29,409 --> 00:31:32,673
Al: We had a research group
up in Grass Valley.
689
00:31:32,716 --> 00:31:34,457
And we had given them the task
690
00:31:34,501 --> 00:31:37,112
of designing this system.
691
00:31:37,156 --> 00:31:38,331
Nolan:
Everything that was up there
692
00:31:38,374 --> 00:31:39,810
was a little bit hush hush.
693
00:31:41,421 --> 00:31:43,075
- They were like our
secret group, we called them.
694
00:31:45,991 --> 00:31:48,080
Nolan: They worked together
like a fine Swiss watch.
695
00:31:48,123 --> 00:31:50,647
I mean, it was a dream team.
696
00:31:50,691 --> 00:31:52,693
Joe: I was hired
because I could write a game
697
00:31:52,736 --> 00:31:54,477
and design chips
698
00:31:54,521 --> 00:31:56,523
and without knowing
what my mission was,
699
00:31:56,566 --> 00:31:58,481
my mission was to help prove
700
00:31:58,525 --> 00:32:02,094
that a programmable design
would work.
701
00:32:02,137 --> 00:32:04,835
Al: The Grass Valley group
had developed this prototype,
702
00:32:04,879 --> 00:32:07,490
for this home
cartridge-based video game
703
00:32:07,534 --> 00:32:11,712
that was called the Atari VCS,
or the 2600.
704
00:32:11,755 --> 00:32:14,758
Nolan:
It was a great prototype.
705
00:32:14,802 --> 00:32:18,197
The problem was, we just
didn't have enough capital
706
00:32:18,240 --> 00:32:21,417
to bring it into the market
the correct way.
707
00:32:21,461 --> 00:32:23,419
- And so,
they looked for a buyer
708
00:32:23,463 --> 00:32:25,334
in the entertainment space.
709
00:32:25,378 --> 00:32:26,335
Atari Archival:
It is my privilege
710
00:32:26,379 --> 00:32:28,990
to invite you inside Atari.
711
00:32:29,034 --> 00:32:30,818
During the next few minutes,
I will show you
712
00:32:30,861 --> 00:32:33,081
why this is
such an exciting company,
713
00:32:33,125 --> 00:32:36,476
and tell you about some of
our plans for the future.
714
00:32:36,519 --> 00:32:38,304
Elaine: Bankers and everybody
started coming through
715
00:32:38,347 --> 00:32:40,262
and so the company
tried to clean us up
716
00:32:40,306 --> 00:32:42,395
and make it a little bit
more corporate,
717
00:32:42,438 --> 00:32:44,049
giving us a little bit
better dress code
718
00:32:44,092 --> 00:32:47,487
and no bare midriffs.
[laughs]
719
00:32:47,530 --> 00:32:50,969
Nolan: We talked to Intel,
National Semiconductor,
720
00:32:51,012 --> 00:32:53,406
the Silicon Valley neighbors,
really.
721
00:32:53,449 --> 00:32:54,929
Nobody saw it.
722
00:32:54,973 --> 00:32:57,453
And then we got
introduced to Warner.
723
00:33:00,413 --> 00:33:01,718
Manny: I got a call one day,
724
00:33:01,762 --> 00:33:04,286
would you be interested
in a fast growing
725
00:33:04,330 --> 00:33:06,985
technology based
entertainment company?
726
00:33:07,028 --> 00:33:09,378
And those words sounded good,
so I said, yes.
727
00:33:09,422 --> 00:33:12,338
[chuckles] And that was
my introduction to Atari.
728
00:33:13,861 --> 00:33:16,995
They showed me
early prototypes of the 2600,
729
00:33:17,038 --> 00:33:19,867
which was a programmable
video game.
730
00:33:19,910 --> 00:33:22,174
It was an "Aha" moment
for me.
731
00:33:22,217 --> 00:33:25,438
I said, I have seen the future
and it's called the 2600.
732
00:33:26,917 --> 00:33:29,137
I said, this is
a [bleep] big deal.
733
00:33:29,181 --> 00:33:31,400
Al: We had a flash meeting
at Nolan's house
734
00:33:31,444 --> 00:33:33,054
in the hot tub
and he said,
735
00:33:33,098 --> 00:33:35,230
Warner's offered
28 million dollars
736
00:33:35,274 --> 00:33:37,015
to buy the company.
737
00:33:37,058 --> 00:33:39,843
Holy Moly,
this was just mind-blowing.
738
00:33:39,887 --> 00:33:41,323
- I thought, all of a sudden,
739
00:33:41,367 --> 00:33:43,499
I've got a bigger sandbox
I can play in.
740
00:33:43,543 --> 00:33:45,501
[laughter]
741
00:33:45,545 --> 00:33:47,416
Al: It was wonderful
in the beginning.
742
00:33:47,460 --> 00:33:48,896
[laughter and chatter]
743
00:33:48,939 --> 00:33:50,376
But it was a very strange
marriage,
744
00:33:50,419 --> 00:33:52,508
because this is
a very conservative
745
00:33:52,552 --> 00:33:54,815
East Coast classic
public company,
746
00:33:54,858 --> 00:33:56,425
and we were not.
747
00:33:56,469 --> 00:33:59,037
Atari Archival:
The snake eats the gun.
748
00:33:59,080 --> 00:34:02,649
[indistinct chatter]
749
00:34:02,692 --> 00:34:04,868
And the snake gets
one segment longer.
750
00:34:04,912 --> 00:34:07,001
[laughter and indistinct
chatter]
751
00:34:07,045 --> 00:34:08,611
It's a bug shooter!
752
00:34:08,655 --> 00:34:11,788
Manny: I remember writing
a memo that said,
753
00:34:11,832 --> 00:34:15,183
the problem here is these guys
are all a little out of control
754
00:34:15,227 --> 00:34:16,663
and if we give them
too much money,
755
00:34:16,706 --> 00:34:18,099
I don't know
how I'm going to control them.
756
00:34:18,143 --> 00:34:19,187
Daniel: Why?
757
00:34:19,231 --> 00:34:20,232
- Why?
758
00:34:20,275 --> 00:34:21,668
[laughter]
759
00:34:21,711 --> 00:34:22,625
[clatter]
760
00:34:31,721 --> 00:34:35,029
Nolan: I don't believe
there was understanding
761
00:34:35,073 --> 00:34:39,729
on the part of Warner management of how fast tech moves
762
00:34:39,773 --> 00:34:42,776
and that a breakthrough piece
of technology today
763
00:34:42,819 --> 00:34:45,126
is trash in three years.
764
00:34:45,170 --> 00:34:48,782
And I felt that we needed
to start work immediately
765
00:34:48,825 --> 00:34:51,915
on the replacement for the VCS.
766
00:34:51,959 --> 00:34:54,744
Manny: I think it was 1978,
767
00:34:54,788 --> 00:34:57,182
we used to have budget meetings in New York in December.
768
00:34:57,225 --> 00:34:59,053
And you'd have all the Warner
people in the room,
769
00:34:59,097 --> 00:35:00,315
and all the company people
in the room,
770
00:35:00,359 --> 00:35:02,143
and this is for every division.
771
00:35:02,187 --> 00:35:04,363
And at some point,
Nolan said...
772
00:35:04,406 --> 00:35:05,842
- We've got to start
immediately
773
00:35:05,886 --> 00:35:09,368
on the next generation
of the VCS.
774
00:35:09,411 --> 00:35:11,587
Manny: Get rid of
all the inventory, it's over.
775
00:35:13,285 --> 00:35:15,809
- And they said,
we just bought this!
776
00:35:15,852 --> 00:35:17,463
Why would we do that?
777
00:35:17,506 --> 00:35:20,683
Well, it wasn't new technology.
778
00:35:20,727 --> 00:35:24,992
I mean, the VCS only had
128 bytes of RAM,
779
00:35:25,035 --> 00:35:27,168
that's nothing.
780
00:35:27,212 --> 00:35:31,129
I wanted to sell as many VCS'
as quickly as possible
781
00:35:31,172 --> 00:35:32,956
and then move on
to new technology.
782
00:35:34,915 --> 00:35:37,396
- I mean, the Atari people
were looking at me
783
00:35:37,439 --> 00:35:39,354
like I'm supposed to know
what this is all about,
784
00:35:39,398 --> 00:35:41,878
and everybody
had the same reaction,
785
00:35:41,922 --> 00:35:43,315
what the [bleep]'s
Nolan talking about?
786
00:35:43,358 --> 00:35:45,273
What is he talking about!
787
00:35:45,317 --> 00:35:47,188
I got called
into Steve Ross' office,
788
00:35:47,232 --> 00:35:49,234
who's the CEO of the company,
the next morning
789
00:35:49,277 --> 00:35:51,497
and Steve was kind of panicky.
790
00:35:51,540 --> 00:35:53,890
He said, the guy
you bought the company from,
791
00:35:53,934 --> 00:35:57,024
has just told him,
it's all over but the shouting.
792
00:35:57,067 --> 00:35:59,548
But I said, Steve, you don't know what you're talking about.
793
00:35:59,592 --> 00:36:03,378
In my opinion, on December 26th,
there will not be a 2600
794
00:36:03,422 --> 00:36:06,207
on any shelf
in any store in America.
795
00:36:06,251 --> 00:36:07,513
And if that is true,
796
00:36:07,556 --> 00:36:09,471
this business
is about to take off.
797
00:36:09,515 --> 00:36:11,647
And by the way,
if it's not true, we're [bleep].
798
00:36:14,476 --> 00:36:17,349
And of course,
it was a feeding frenzy.
799
00:36:17,392 --> 00:36:19,438
It was the hottest product
in America.
800
00:36:19,481 --> 00:36:21,527
Woman on PA:
Attention, shoppers!
801
00:36:21,570 --> 00:36:23,485
The new Atari cartridge game
is in!
802
00:36:23,529 --> 00:36:26,401
- You can get nine cartridges,
187 games.
803
00:36:26,445 --> 00:36:27,794
- Ooh, I'd like an Atari.
804
00:36:27,837 --> 00:36:29,970
- Sorry,
only our demonstrator's left.
805
00:36:30,013 --> 00:36:31,014
- Mine!
806
00:36:31,058 --> 00:36:32,190
- No, George.
807
00:36:32,233 --> 00:36:33,278
Mine!
808
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:36,846
Keith:
Atari took off like a rocket.
809
00:36:36,890 --> 00:36:39,153
It was the faster growing
company
810
00:36:39,197 --> 00:36:41,590
in the history of
the United States at that point.
811
00:36:41,634 --> 00:36:45,072
Manny: In that six-month period after we bought Atari,
812
00:36:45,115 --> 00:36:47,553
the consumer division
started to take off.
813
00:36:47,596 --> 00:36:49,511
- Three years ago,
the video ga industry
814
00:36:49,555 --> 00:36:51,600
was practically unknown.
815
00:36:51,644 --> 00:36:53,776
Now it's producing one of
the hottest consumer items
816
00:36:53,820 --> 00:36:56,257
of the Christmas season.
817
00:36:56,301 --> 00:36:59,042
Manny: The 2600 was
one of the great businesses.
818
00:36:59,086 --> 00:37:00,653
It was an amazing business.
819
00:37:02,176 --> 00:37:06,528
Nolan: Manny was able to
nurse two years more
820
00:37:06,572 --> 00:37:08,965
than I would've ever guessed.
821
00:37:09,009 --> 00:37:11,185
But that doesn't say
that I wasn't right.
822
00:37:11,229 --> 00:37:12,099
- Of course I was right.
823
00:37:13,448 --> 00:37:15,276
- Manny was right,
he called it right.
824
00:37:16,669 --> 00:37:19,628
- I wasn't wrong about it,
maybe by two years.
825
00:37:19,672 --> 00:37:21,239
[chuckles]
826
00:37:21,282 --> 00:37:24,677
- There were definitely clashes
between Nolan and Manny.
827
00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:27,767
Manny: It was a freewheeling
wild place,
828
00:37:27,810 --> 00:37:29,682
and the company was growing,
829
00:37:29,725 --> 00:37:32,337
but I don't think
you can run a company
830
00:37:32,380 --> 00:37:34,382
making money hand over fist
in the wild west.
831
00:37:35,818 --> 00:37:37,864
I think honestly,
it was just hard
832
00:37:37,907 --> 00:37:39,822
for Nolan to let go.
833
00:37:39,866 --> 00:37:42,216
- Piece by piece by piece,
834
00:37:42,260 --> 00:37:46,307
there was a disillusionment
setting in,
835
00:37:46,351 --> 00:37:50,442
this wasn't my company anymore,
and I wasn't the chief architect
836
00:37:50,485 --> 00:37:53,271
and PT Barnum
and Disney of this.
837
00:37:54,750 --> 00:37:59,364
- I have vivid memories
of screaming board meetings.
838
00:37:59,407 --> 00:38:04,978
Nolan had vehement disagreement with the direction of things.
839
00:38:05,021 --> 00:38:06,849
Manny: Well, it's not
that he was a pain in the ass,
840
00:38:06,893 --> 00:38:09,112
which he was, at times.
841
00:38:09,156 --> 00:38:11,898
But Nolan has
100 ideas a minute
842
00:38:11,941 --> 00:38:14,335
and he believes
they're all wonderful,
843
00:38:14,379 --> 00:38:15,728
and they're not.
844
00:38:15,771 --> 00:38:18,470
There are sometimes
soso really good ones,
845
00:38:18,513 --> 00:38:21,124
but he loves them all because
they're all his children.
846
00:38:21,168 --> 00:38:23,475
He was not meant
to manage an enterprise
847
00:38:23,518 --> 00:38:27,000
as big as this one became,
period, end of comment.
848
00:38:27,043 --> 00:38:28,741
- Ah, screw 'em.
849
00:38:28,784 --> 00:38:31,134
Manny: My mission was to find
adult supervision.
850
00:38:33,833 --> 00:38:38,359
Nolan: Warner had a relationship with a guy named Ray Kassar.
851
00:38:38,403 --> 00:38:40,970
They said, this guy
might be the perfect guy
852
00:38:41,014 --> 00:38:42,711
for head of consumer division.
853
00:38:42,755 --> 00:38:43,886
Manny: And we hired him.
854
00:38:43,930 --> 00:38:46,585
'Cause Ray had
the kind of background,
855
00:38:46,628 --> 00:38:49,675
in terms of just general
business that made sense to me.
856
00:38:49,718 --> 00:38:51,459
- Those of us in the lab
857
00:38:51,503 --> 00:38:54,332
could see that it was not
going in good directions.
858
00:38:55,681 --> 00:38:59,467
Nolan was moved out of
day-to-day operations,
859
00:38:59,511 --> 00:39:02,340
promoted, quote unquote,
to "Chairman of the Board."
860
00:39:03,689 --> 00:39:05,038
Owen: I don't know how
Ray Kassar was picked
861
00:39:05,081 --> 00:39:06,518
to be put in charge of it.
862
00:39:06,561 --> 00:39:09,738
He didn't understand
the video game industry at all.
863
00:39:09,782 --> 00:39:14,003
Joe: Ray came from being
the CEO of a fabric company.
864
00:39:14,047 --> 00:39:16,876
- Ray just didn't seem
to get it at all.
865
00:39:16,919 --> 00:39:19,357
Manny: Let me explain
Atari engineers to you;
866
00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:21,533
one day I was
in the engineering building
867
00:39:21,576 --> 00:39:24,579
in the men's room,
standing at a urinal,
868
00:39:24,623 --> 00:39:28,278
and I saw a pair of bare feet
next to me
869
00:39:28,322 --> 00:39:30,585
and it was a guy standing there
in a bathing suit.
870
00:39:30,629 --> 00:39:32,239
I walked out,
I said, "Who was that?"
871
00:39:32,282 --> 00:39:35,024
Oh, that's so and so,
he doesn't like clothes, okay,
872
00:39:35,068 --> 00:39:36,504
but that's how
you manage engineers.
873
00:39:36,548 --> 00:39:37,853
Nolan got that.
874
00:39:37,897 --> 00:39:39,072
I mean, even I got that.
875
00:39:40,421 --> 00:39:43,337
But that never made
Ray comfortable.
876
00:39:43,381 --> 00:39:45,992
I've reflected a lot on
the mistakes we made at Atari,
877
00:39:46,035 --> 00:39:48,081
'cause we made some big ones.
878
00:39:48,124 --> 00:39:50,866
But the biggest one
I think Ray made was,
879
00:39:50,910 --> 00:39:52,607
there was a complete disconnect.
880
00:39:52,651 --> 00:39:55,349
They didn't like him,
he wasn't one of them.
881
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:58,352
- Uuuuuh, I believe the saying
is, Ray Kassar was an ass.
882
00:39:59,875 --> 00:40:02,791
Nolan: Ray wanted to have
an executive dining room,
883
00:40:02,835 --> 00:40:05,620
reserved parking spots
for the executives,
884
00:40:05,664 --> 00:40:08,275
which was just against
the DNA of the company.
885
00:40:08,318 --> 00:40:09,755
[phone ringing]
886
00:40:09,798 --> 00:40:11,321
- Good afternoon,
Atari sales.
887
00:40:11,365 --> 00:40:14,107
Nolan: I mean,
it all just felt bad to me.
888
00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:15,978
- My group
in marketing services
889
00:40:16,022 --> 00:40:18,633
is responsible to achieve
maximum visibility
890
00:40:18,677 --> 00:40:19,982
for video games.
891
00:40:20,026 --> 00:40:21,897
- We must take
into consideration
892
00:40:21,941 --> 00:40:25,031
the ease of comprehending
the objective of the game.
893
00:40:25,074 --> 00:40:26,467
Loni: It was unpleasant.
894
00:40:26,511 --> 00:40:29,339
They were trying to make
Atari more like New York,
895
00:40:29,383 --> 00:40:31,385
like a corporate
Wall Street company.
896
00:40:31,429 --> 00:40:33,474
- What we've just shown you
are some of the programs
897
00:40:33,518 --> 00:40:36,477
that prepare us at Atari
for our future growth.
898
00:40:36,521 --> 00:40:39,088
To maintain that growth,
we will continue to expand
899
00:40:39,132 --> 00:40:41,177
our advertising programs.
900
00:40:41,221 --> 00:40:44,659
Nolan: There was increasingly
an us versus them mentality.
901
00:40:46,269 --> 00:40:50,404
Ray thought that I was
an out-of-control lunatic
902
00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:52,275
and I thought
he was a pompous [bleep].
903
00:40:53,929 --> 00:40:57,019
He was single-handedly
dismantling
904
00:40:57,063 --> 00:40:58,281
the corporate culture.
905
00:40:59,979 --> 00:41:05,419
The company as it had become,
was not fun anymore.
906
00:41:05,463 --> 00:41:10,380
- Nolan said, we want to be out,
and we did,
907
00:41:10,424 --> 00:41:12,513
because at that point,
we were beyond the pale,
908
00:41:12,557 --> 00:41:14,472
and we were glad to.
909
00:41:14,515 --> 00:41:15,864
- I said, I quit.
910
00:41:15,908 --> 00:41:17,083
And they said,
no, you're fired.
911
00:41:20,521 --> 00:41:23,176
Loni: You kind of felt like dad got kicked out of the house.
912
00:41:23,219 --> 00:41:25,918
That's kind of how it felt,
and you don't really know why,
913
00:41:25,961 --> 00:41:28,050
because no one really knew why.
914
00:41:28,094 --> 00:41:29,399
Owen: It was sad to see him go,
915
00:41:29,443 --> 00:41:30,749
'cause as far as
we're concerned,
916
00:41:30,792 --> 00:41:33,186
he was the father of it as well.
917
00:41:33,229 --> 00:41:36,798
Elaine: It was like part of
our family was ripped away.
918
00:41:36,842 --> 00:41:39,105
- But pretty soon, the rug
was going to be pulled out
919
00:41:39,148 --> 00:41:40,367
from under all of them.
920
00:41:50,029 --> 00:41:51,291
News Archival: This symphony
of electronic noises
921
00:41:51,334 --> 00:41:53,554
is the music of money.
922
00:41:53,598 --> 00:41:55,121
Nearly 3 billion dollars
923
00:41:55,164 --> 00:41:58,211
were stuffed into video games
last year.
924
00:41:58,254 --> 00:41:59,255
News Archival: This year,
as if to prove
925
00:41:59,299 --> 00:42:01,170
they are not a passing fad,
926
00:42:01,214 --> 00:42:04,739
five and a half million video
game consoles will be sold.
927
00:42:04,783 --> 00:42:07,742
- The early '80s
was the golden age
928
00:42:07,786 --> 00:42:09,527
of the video game business.
929
00:42:09,570 --> 00:42:11,659
- The home video game
market was exploding,
930
00:42:11,703 --> 00:42:13,269
but it was really
the arcade game market
931
00:42:13,313 --> 00:42:14,227
that was driving it.
932
00:42:15,794 --> 00:42:19,014
That's where
the big hit games came from
933
00:42:19,058 --> 00:42:22,061
and Atari had a slew of them
and other companies as well.
934
00:42:22,104 --> 00:42:23,541
Howard Phillips:
All these really great games
935
00:42:23,584 --> 00:42:25,586
that were so different
from one another.
936
00:42:25,630 --> 00:42:27,632
Asteroids.
937
00:42:27,675 --> 00:42:28,502
Elaine: Centipede .
938
00:42:29,982 --> 00:42:30,852
Owen: Tempest .
939
00:42:31,940 --> 00:42:33,420
Galaga.
940
00:42:33,463 --> 00:42:35,291
Ed: Missile Command .
941
00:42:35,335 --> 00:42:37,293
Battlezone
has to be in that group.
942
00:42:38,599 --> 00:42:40,079
Owen: Defender .
943
00:42:40,122 --> 00:42:41,384
Joust.
944
00:42:41,428 --> 00:42:42,647
Ed: Dig Dug .
945
00:42:42,690 --> 00:42:43,909
And obviously Donkey Kong .
946
00:42:47,434 --> 00:42:48,391
Keith:
One of the earliest games
947
00:42:48,435 --> 00:42:50,219
that cemented video games
948
00:42:50,263 --> 00:42:52,613
as a lasting medium
was Space Invaders .
949
00:42:54,310 --> 00:42:57,096
- Space invaders
was a successful arcade game
950
00:42:57,139 --> 00:42:58,140
that Atari didn't write.
951
00:43:00,055 --> 00:43:02,623
Manny: Space Invaders was a phenomenon in the arcades.
952
00:43:02,667 --> 00:43:05,321
And, I moseyed over one day
to the engineering building,
953
00:43:05,365 --> 00:43:07,672
and all the engineers
are playing a coin op version
954
00:43:07,715 --> 00:43:08,586
of Space Invaders.
955
00:43:10,109 --> 00:43:11,632
And I immediately walked back
across the street
956
00:43:11,676 --> 00:43:13,242
to Ray Kassar's office
and I said,
957
00:43:13,286 --> 00:43:15,375
Ray, here's what I want,
take that Space Invaders,
958
00:43:15,418 --> 00:43:17,377
and build a consumer version
of that game
959
00:43:17,420 --> 00:43:20,641
and license the name
from them, pay them.
960
00:43:20,685 --> 00:43:23,209
And if you can't license
the name, steal the game play.
961
00:43:23,252 --> 00:43:25,341
[laughs] I don't care,
but I want that game.
962
00:43:28,040 --> 00:43:30,085
When we introduced
the cartridge,
963
00:43:30,129 --> 00:43:33,698
that blew the 2600
into the next universe.
964
00:43:35,482 --> 00:43:37,615
Reporter: The hypnotic appeal
of electronically destroying
965
00:43:37,658 --> 00:43:39,442
enemy invaders,
led to one of the biggest
966
00:43:39,486 --> 00:43:41,923
and fastest toy industry booms
in history.
967
00:43:43,316 --> 00:43:45,579
Joe:
Space Invaders was successful
968
00:43:45,623 --> 00:43:49,104
because the VCS was capable
of displaying that game
969
00:43:49,148 --> 00:43:50,845
as it was presented
in the arcade world.
970
00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:57,635
Henry: Arcade technology
was more robust
971
00:43:57,678 --> 00:43:59,288
than what you could put
in your living room.
972
00:44:00,986 --> 00:44:03,553
Pac Man was a big hit
in the arcade,
973
00:44:03,597 --> 00:44:05,468
but you played it
on the 2600.
974
00:44:05,512 --> 00:44:08,341
And it just didn't seem
like quite the same game.
975
00:44:08,384 --> 00:44:11,561
It just didn't have
what the game gave you
976
00:44:11,605 --> 00:44:12,780
in an arcade.
977
00:44:12,824 --> 00:44:16,131
[game sounds]
978
00:44:16,175 --> 00:44:18,656
Owen: Pac Man has to have all these ghosts running around
979
00:44:18,699 --> 00:44:20,353
and your player and you
can go anywhere
980
00:44:20,396 --> 00:44:22,398
and these little tiny dots
that the graphics system
981
00:44:22,442 --> 00:44:23,965
wasn't capable of drawing.
982
00:44:25,488 --> 00:44:27,708
Joe: And it got a reputation
for what people call
983
00:44:27,752 --> 00:44:28,666
flicker man.
984
00:44:30,450 --> 00:44:34,367
- The Atari 2600 had a huge
amount of compromises in it.
985
00:44:34,410 --> 00:44:37,718
It was a very primitive system
for the time.
986
00:44:37,762 --> 00:44:39,851
David: The Atari 2600
was still alive
987
00:44:39,894 --> 00:44:41,635
ten years after its launch
988
00:44:41,679 --> 00:44:43,550
so that technology
was pretty old,
989
00:44:43,593 --> 00:44:46,335
and the rest of the world
was catching up.
990
00:44:46,379 --> 00:44:49,295
Coming up with better
and faster hardware.
991
00:44:49,338 --> 00:44:52,646
Atari was still riding
the old dinosaur,
992
00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,214
when they could have been
innovating new hardware.
993
00:44:57,477 --> 00:45:00,741
Virtually every game
we made on the 2600,
994
00:45:00,785 --> 00:45:03,309
we had to come up with
some programming technique
995
00:45:03,352 --> 00:45:06,704
that made it do something
it was never intended to do.
996
00:45:06,747 --> 00:45:09,141
- We expected this thing
to sell well for 2 or 3 years,
997
00:45:09,184 --> 00:45:11,447
it sold well for a dozen
998
00:45:11,491 --> 00:45:13,406
because the programmers
turned out to be
999
00:45:13,449 --> 00:45:16,148
a lot smarter
than we expected them to be.
1000
00:45:22,937 --> 00:45:25,157
- I'm David Crane, C-R-A-N-E.
1001
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:27,507
- Larry Kaplan, K-A-P-L-A-N.
1002
00:45:27,550 --> 00:45:28,769
- Al Miller.
1003
00:45:28,813 --> 00:45:29,857
Reporter: M-I-L-L-E-R.
1004
00:45:29,901 --> 00:45:31,772
- Yes.
- Bob Whitehead.
1005
00:45:31,816 --> 00:45:33,861
David: I was part
of a group of four guys
1006
00:45:33,905 --> 00:45:38,518
that said, wait a minute,
of the top 20 selling games,
1007
00:45:38,561 --> 00:45:40,520
two thirds of them were designed by the four of us.
1008
00:45:42,261 --> 00:45:44,742
Well, we sat across
from Ray Kassar and said,
1009
00:45:44,785 --> 00:45:47,527
games that we made,
made you $60,000,000 last year
1010
00:45:47,570 --> 00:45:49,964
and we're getting,
$24,000 salaries,
1011
00:45:50,008 --> 00:45:51,792
doesn't seem to be equitable.
1012
00:45:51,836 --> 00:45:53,272
We'd just like to have a piece,
1013
00:45:53,315 --> 00:45:56,754
just something,
a royalty, a bonus.
1014
00:45:56,797 --> 00:45:59,626
And Ray looked at us
across his desk and said,
1015
00:45:59,669 --> 00:46:01,497
these are Atari products.
1016
00:46:01,541 --> 00:46:03,064
The guy down on
the assembly line
1017
00:46:03,108 --> 00:46:04,500
is as important to the game
as you are
1018
00:46:04,544 --> 00:46:05,980
because if he didn't
put them together,
1019
00:46:06,024 --> 00:46:08,026
you wouldn't be able
to sell any.
1020
00:46:08,069 --> 00:46:10,202
- At Atari, we don't
really like to talk about
1021
00:46:10,245 --> 00:46:11,812
who designed what...
Bryant Gumbel: Why not?
1022
00:46:11,856 --> 00:46:13,683
- Well, because we like to
1023
00:46:13,727 --> 00:46:15,424
make the game the superstar
as opposed to the programmer.
1024
00:46:15,468 --> 00:46:18,123
- Why shouldn't you get credit
if you designed the game?
1025
00:46:18,166 --> 00:46:21,691
- Well, because it is
a corporate product, okay.
1026
00:46:21,735 --> 00:46:23,258
These are games by Atari,
1027
00:46:23,302 --> 00:46:25,347
so it keeps
more of a corporate image,
1028
00:46:25,391 --> 00:46:26,827
you're buying Atari products.
1029
00:46:26,871 --> 00:46:29,090
- At that point,
we knew it was over at Atari.
1030
00:46:29,134 --> 00:46:30,831
Reporter:
Were the four of you at Atari
1031
00:46:30,875 --> 00:46:33,094
when you decided to strike out?
1032
00:46:33,138 --> 00:46:36,054
- Yes, we worked together
designing games,
1033
00:46:36,097 --> 00:46:39,361
and decided
that we wanted to go off
1034
00:46:39,405 --> 00:46:41,407
and try something on our own.
1035
00:46:41,450 --> 00:46:43,148
David: We decided
we're going to go out
1036
00:46:43,191 --> 00:46:46,325
and produce, manufacture,
and publish our own games
1037
00:46:46,368 --> 00:46:49,067
and that is how we ended up
founding Activision.
1038
00:46:50,633 --> 00:46:52,505
But Atari had a monopoly.
1039
00:46:52,548 --> 00:46:55,725
The only cartridges that would work on the Atari console
1040
00:46:55,769 --> 00:46:57,423
were Atari cartridges.
1041
00:46:57,466 --> 00:46:59,904
- Atari kept their first machine
as a black box,
1042
00:46:59,947 --> 00:47:01,688
they didn't tell anybody
how it worked,
1043
00:47:01,731 --> 00:47:04,560
and they didn't really welcome
third party developers
1044
00:47:04,604 --> 00:47:06,780
to make something that would
work on the platform.
1045
00:47:06,824 --> 00:47:08,434
David: So before
we could make a game,
1046
00:47:08,477 --> 00:47:11,089
we had to reverse engineer
the 2600
1047
00:47:11,132 --> 00:47:12,830
and that's something
that I did,
1048
00:47:12,873 --> 00:47:14,527
in the spare bedroom
of my apartment.
1049
00:47:15,745 --> 00:47:18,618
[♪♪♪]
1050
00:47:20,315 --> 00:47:22,796
For years,
I had been trying to put
1051
00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:26,147
a little running man
into a video game.
1052
00:47:26,191 --> 00:47:30,195
But the Atari 2600
was not designed to do that.
1053
00:47:30,238 --> 00:47:33,459
And I said, I am going
to do this if it kills me.
1054
00:47:34,939 --> 00:47:36,941
- I was lost in the jungle
with Pitfall Harry.
1055
00:47:36,984 --> 00:47:40,422
Surrounded by giant scorpions
and man-eating crocodiles.
1056
00:47:40,466 --> 00:47:41,989
Commercial: If you haven't met
Pitfall Harry,
1057
00:47:42,033 --> 00:47:43,599
you're missing the year's
most incredible
1058
00:47:43,643 --> 00:47:45,166
video game adventure,
1059
00:47:45,210 --> 00:47:47,690
Pitfall for the Atari 2600
and Intellevision.
1060
00:47:47,734 --> 00:47:49,605
Designed by David Crane,
for Activision.
1061
00:47:50,955 --> 00:47:52,739
David: I believe that
Activision sold about
1062
00:47:52,782 --> 00:47:55,437
four and a half million copies
of Pitfall ,
1063
00:47:55,481 --> 00:47:58,614
generating around $50,000,000
in wholesale revenues.
1064
00:47:59,833 --> 00:48:01,574
- Just like that...
1065
00:48:01,617 --> 00:48:03,576
David: Not everyone knows
that was one of Jack Black's
1066
00:48:03,619 --> 00:48:05,883
first commercial appearances.
1067
00:48:05,926 --> 00:48:07,493
He was only 12
at the time, I think.
1068
00:48:09,016 --> 00:48:12,846
Nolan: I knew
that the long arm of Atari
1069
00:48:12,890 --> 00:48:15,153
would soon come and try to put
them out of business legally,
1070
00:48:18,330 --> 00:48:19,853
just because
that's who they were.
1071
00:48:21,159 --> 00:48:23,465
David: We had good lawyers
and we were told
1072
00:48:23,509 --> 00:48:24,858
they're going to sue you.
1073
00:48:24,902 --> 00:48:26,599
They don't have
any grounds to sue you,
1074
00:48:26,642 --> 00:48:29,036
but yes, Atari sued us.
1075
00:48:29,080 --> 00:48:33,214
- They were sued
for theft of trade secrets.
1076
00:48:33,258 --> 00:48:36,043
David: They just assumed
that we had stolen
1077
00:48:36,087 --> 00:48:37,479
intellectual property.
1078
00:48:37,523 --> 00:48:39,699
And we hadn't done
anything like that.
1079
00:48:39,742 --> 00:48:42,658
- I don't remember the issues,
but yes, we didn't win.
1080
00:48:42,702 --> 00:48:45,313
David: Once the lawsuit
was settled with Atari,
1081
00:48:45,357 --> 00:48:47,750
it was clear
that making video games
1082
00:48:47,794 --> 00:48:50,579
for someone else's console was
something that could be done.
1083
00:48:52,146 --> 00:48:54,888
Thus what we did was create
the third party video game
1084
00:48:54,932 --> 00:48:57,891
software publishing business
we know today.
1085
00:48:57,935 --> 00:49:00,676
- Anybody could make
a cartridge for the 2600
1086
00:49:00,720 --> 00:49:04,898
and it was what
killed the company.
1087
00:49:10,034 --> 00:49:12,819
deo Computer System...
1088
00:49:12,862 --> 00:49:15,082
Starmaster by Activision.
1089
00:49:22,437 --> 00:49:24,657
Joe:
After that Activision lawsuit,
1090
00:49:24,700 --> 00:49:26,659
dozens of companies
got into the business.
1091
00:49:28,095 --> 00:49:30,184
David: Overnight,
there were 30 companies
1092
00:49:30,228 --> 00:49:33,361
making video games
for the Atari 2600 system.
1093
00:49:33,405 --> 00:49:35,450
They were all
just young startups
1094
00:49:35,494 --> 00:49:37,626
picking programmers
off the street.
1095
00:49:37,670 --> 00:49:39,063
- People who could
knock these things out
1096
00:49:39,106 --> 00:49:41,891
could make a huge profit
selling junk.
1097
00:49:41,935 --> 00:49:43,458
David:
Games like Lost Luggage...
1098
00:49:45,417 --> 00:49:46,374
even Quaker Oats
1099
00:49:47,723 --> 00:49:49,421
started making
Atari 2600 games.
1100
00:49:51,423 --> 00:49:53,816
Manny: There was the fabled
Custer's Revenge,
1101
00:49:53,860 --> 00:49:57,385
which was essentially
raping Indian women.
1102
00:49:57,429 --> 00:49:59,213
That's basically what it was.
1103
00:49:59,257 --> 00:50:04,523
Now, we're making a game
for kids with the 2600
1104
00:50:04,566 --> 00:50:08,048
and we have no control,
forget the quality,
1105
00:50:08,092 --> 00:50:10,659
the content of this stuff
was out of control.
1106
00:50:12,313 --> 00:50:14,011
- Now Atari had it stinkers,
like ET.
1107
00:50:19,799 --> 00:50:23,455
avid: ET , the Atari 2600 game,
is widely considered
1108
00:50:23,498 --> 00:50:24,717
to be the worst game ever made.
1109
00:50:26,327 --> 00:50:28,155
News Reporter: Steven Spielberg, who directed the movie,
1110
00:50:28,199 --> 00:50:31,637
insisted the game be programmed to follow the movie plot.
1111
00:50:33,465 --> 00:50:35,293
Manny: Steve Ross
was the chairman and CEO
1112
00:50:35,336 --> 00:50:37,034
of Warner Communications,
1113
00:50:37,077 --> 00:50:39,601
and he was wooing
Steven Spielberg.
1114
00:50:39,645 --> 00:50:42,213
He liked him,
they liked each other.
1115
00:50:42,256 --> 00:50:44,519
I don't remember the numbers,
but it was a guarantee
1116
00:50:44,563 --> 00:50:46,304
that was north
of 20 million dollars
1117
00:50:46,347 --> 00:50:47,914
for this cartridge.
1118
00:50:47,957 --> 00:50:49,046
We were crazed.
1119
00:50:53,572 --> 00:50:55,095
David: But it had to be
out by Christmas
1120
00:50:55,139 --> 00:50:58,403
and by the time
that deal was signed,
1121
00:50:58,446 --> 00:51:01,145
there were six weeks left
to make the game.
1122
00:51:01,188 --> 00:51:02,755
Atari ET Game Commercial:
The video game
1123
00:51:02,798 --> 00:51:05,584
that lets you help ET get home.
1124
00:51:05,627 --> 00:51:07,368
Just in time for Christmas.
1125
00:51:09,109 --> 00:51:11,764
Happy Holidays from Atari.
1126
00:51:11,807 --> 00:51:15,289
- It was doomed to fail
from the moment you told them
1127
00:51:15,333 --> 00:51:17,509
you got 15 minutes
to make a cartridge.
1128
00:51:17,552 --> 00:51:19,032
So do the best you can.
1129
00:51:22,557 --> 00:51:24,037
David: The first screen,
you moved the joystick,
1130
00:51:24,081 --> 00:51:25,299
he falls in a pit.
1131
00:51:25,343 --> 00:51:26,257
Game over.
1132
00:51:28,085 --> 00:51:29,956
I mean, I'm a game expert,
and I couldn't get the guy
1133
00:51:29,999 --> 00:51:30,826
out of the pit either.
1134
00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:33,394
Manny: It was terrible.
1135
00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:39,183
- It sold like gangbusters
for a week,
1136
00:51:39,226 --> 00:51:41,402
and then they started
being returned.
1137
00:51:41,446 --> 00:51:43,274
- And there was this
urban legend
1138
00:51:43,317 --> 00:51:47,713
that millions of ET cartridges
had been buried in the desert.
1139
00:51:47,756 --> 00:51:50,324
It's a great story,
except it wasn't true.
1140
00:51:51,891 --> 00:51:55,851
Jeff: At the time, the factory
in El Paso was closing
1141
00:51:55,895 --> 00:51:59,072
and they just took everything
wholesale out of there,
1142
00:51:59,116 --> 00:52:04,077
it wasn't just ET's,
it was 400's, 800's, parts.
1143
00:52:04,121 --> 00:52:06,079
They couldn't let it
on the market
1144
00:52:06,123 --> 00:52:07,385
and so they just put it
in a landfill.
1145
00:52:11,084 --> 00:52:13,782
David: Regardless, ET was
a very poor business decision
1146
00:52:13,826 --> 00:52:16,394
and cost millions and millions
and millions of dollars.
1147
00:52:16,437 --> 00:52:18,526
- There may be trouble
in Toyland,
1148
00:52:18,570 --> 00:52:20,137
at least
in the video games division.
1149
00:52:20,180 --> 00:52:21,399
News Archival:
Warner Communications,
1150
00:52:21,442 --> 00:52:24,097
the parent company
that owns Atari,
1151
00:52:24,141 --> 00:52:26,404
has been having major problems
since Christmas.
1152
00:52:27,796 --> 00:52:30,973
Manny: On December 7th,
I remember I got a call,
1153
00:52:31,017 --> 00:52:35,152
the CFO said, we're gonna fall
below the estimates by 30%.
1154
00:52:35,195 --> 00:52:37,458
And that was the beginning
1155
00:52:37,502 --> 00:52:40,418
of this sort of
unraveling, if you will.
1156
00:52:42,159 --> 00:52:44,596
News Archival: The problem is an overabundance of competition.
1157
00:52:44,639 --> 00:52:46,511
Atari was once
one of three companies
1158
00:52:46,554 --> 00:52:47,512
in this business.
1159
00:52:47,555 --> 00:52:48,817
- This year we have about
1160
00:52:48,861 --> 00:52:50,558
25 companies
selling cartridges.
1161
00:52:52,169 --> 00:52:54,693
Manny: The ability
for third parties
1162
00:52:54,736 --> 00:52:56,999
to make software
was where Atari died.
1163
00:52:58,653 --> 00:53:01,526
If we could ever have solved
the third party software,
1164
00:53:01,569 --> 00:53:03,005
we'd have been fine.
1165
00:53:03,049 --> 00:53:05,617
- A lot of people think
that it was bad software,
1166
00:53:05,660 --> 00:53:08,010
this, and that,
wasn't that at all.
1167
00:53:08,054 --> 00:53:10,665
They tried to put
15 million units
1168
00:53:10,709 --> 00:53:13,625
into the market
that was saturated.
1169
00:53:13,668 --> 00:53:16,105
And that's what
caused the collapse...
1170
00:53:16,149 --> 00:53:17,498
News Archival:
Warner Communications
1171
00:53:17,542 --> 00:53:19,065
down one and a quarter
points today,
1172
00:53:19,108 --> 00:53:20,893
sixteen and three quarter
points yesterday.
1173
00:53:20,936 --> 00:53:22,634
Newsreader:
Atari, Inc. is laying off
1174
00:53:22,677 --> 00:53:24,853
1,700 employees in California.
1175
00:53:27,291 --> 00:53:29,597
- Atari had to lay off
massive numbers of people
1176
00:53:29,641 --> 00:53:32,034
and eventually had to sell
the consumer division.
1177
00:53:32,078 --> 00:53:33,514
- It got sold,
it got split in two.
1178
00:53:34,820 --> 00:53:35,690
- Atari was gone.
1179
00:53:41,609 --> 00:53:43,307
- I felt Atari was my baby.
1180
00:53:43,350 --> 00:53:44,569
It was my heritage.
1181
00:53:45,831 --> 00:53:48,355
It was really sad
to see it die.
1182
00:53:48,399 --> 00:53:52,272
Jeff: It was the best place
you could ever hope to work.
1183
00:53:52,316 --> 00:53:55,493
I found myself
walking the halls
1184
00:53:55,536 --> 00:54:00,237
of this empty building,
and pouf!
1185
00:54:00,280 --> 00:54:01,455
Everybody was gone.
1186
00:54:05,111 --> 00:54:07,461
Manny: I've read some things
now, when Nolan says,
1187
00:54:07,505 --> 00:54:08,680
the worst thing we ever did
1188
00:54:08,723 --> 00:54:10,203
was sell it
to Warner Communications.
1189
00:54:10,247 --> 00:54:11,770
That's just stupid.
1190
00:54:11,813 --> 00:54:13,859
- I can remember
in 1983, Manny saying,
1191
00:54:13,902 --> 00:54:15,643
well, the video game business
is over.
1192
00:54:17,079 --> 00:54:20,735
I think it's the only time
in the history of business,
1193
00:54:20,779 --> 00:54:23,260
where the market leader
abandoned their business.
1194
00:54:25,436 --> 00:54:28,917
And I've often kicked myself for not going out, raising money
1195
00:54:28,961 --> 00:54:31,572
and taking it back over.
1196
00:54:31,616 --> 00:54:34,401
Nancy: Nolan really predicted
exactly what happened.
1197
00:54:34,445 --> 00:54:35,881
So it was sad.
1198
00:54:37,404 --> 00:54:38,840
Nolan:
I just sort of shook my head
1199
00:54:38,884 --> 00:54:41,147
and clucked my tongue and said:
1200
00:54:41,190 --> 00:54:42,104
Too bad.
1201
00:54:43,671 --> 00:54:45,020
Keith: People thought
that the end of Atari
1202
00:54:45,064 --> 00:54:47,240
meant the end of
the video game industry.
1203
00:54:47,284 --> 00:54:49,329
But it turned out
that they were wrong.
1204
00:54:58,164 --> 00:54:59,861
News Archival: Suddenly,
surprising as it may seem,s,
1205
00:54:59,905 --> 00:55:01,950
the video game industry
is in trouble.
1206
00:55:03,387 --> 00:55:05,737
Trip: In 1983, there was a big
decline in the market,
1207
00:55:05,780 --> 00:55:08,566
triggered by
the implosion of Atari.
1208
00:55:08,609 --> 00:55:10,132
News Archival:
Warner Communications,
1209
00:55:10,176 --> 00:55:11,612
which lost half a billion
dollars last year,
1210
00:55:11,656 --> 00:55:13,353
on its Atari division,
has had enough.
1211
00:55:13,397 --> 00:55:14,920
It's selling Atari
1212
00:55:14,963 --> 00:55:16,704
and getting out of
video games and computers.
1213
00:55:16,748 --> 00:55:20,360
- After Atari crashed, the video
game industry was dead.
1214
00:55:20,404 --> 00:55:22,493
- As Warner's goes,
so does the industry?
1215
00:55:22,536 --> 00:55:23,798
- I think that's true.
1216
00:55:23,842 --> 00:55:25,539
Howard:
It was dead as a doornail.
1217
00:55:25,583 --> 00:55:28,368
News Archival: Are video game addicts losing their addiction?
1218
00:55:28,412 --> 00:55:30,979
Is the home video game concept
just a fad?
1219
00:55:31,023 --> 00:55:32,894
Howard: The media concluded
home video games
1220
00:55:32,938 --> 00:55:34,374
were a passing fashion.
1221
00:55:34,418 --> 00:55:35,854
Analyst:
The video game industry
1222
00:55:35,897 --> 00:55:38,857
is now becoming very much
like hula hoops.
1223
00:55:38,900 --> 00:55:41,990
Owen: People stopped buying
and down it went.
1224
00:55:42,034 --> 00:55:44,993
- EA Sports first products
are coming out in 1983,
1225
00:55:45,037 --> 00:55:46,691
and our sales people
were saying,
1226
00:55:46,734 --> 00:55:47,648
who do we sell these to?
1227
00:55:54,307 --> 00:55:56,440
- At the same time
that there was this collapse
1228
00:55:56,483 --> 00:55:57,354
in the United States,
1229
00:55:59,051 --> 00:56:02,402
the home video game market
in Japan was red hot
1230
00:56:02,446 --> 00:56:04,230
with the introduction
of Nintendo's
1231
00:56:04,273 --> 00:56:06,406
Family Computer System
or Famicom.
1232
00:56:09,278 --> 00:56:12,281
Howard Phillips:
The Famicom came out in 1983,
1233
00:56:12,325 --> 00:56:15,241
and in Japan,
it was a huge success.
1234
00:56:15,284 --> 00:56:17,765
But in the US market,
we weren't ready for it yet
1235
00:56:17,809 --> 00:56:19,898
because the retailers
were too burned.
1236
00:56:21,160 --> 00:56:22,596
That left us
kind of in a quandary.
1237
00:56:22,640 --> 00:56:24,250
What do we do?
1238
00:56:24,293 --> 00:56:26,339
And the answer was, we wait.
1239
00:56:27,688 --> 00:56:28,994
Howard Lincoln:
So we made sure
1240
00:56:29,037 --> 00:56:30,691
that when we introduced
our product,
1241
00:56:30,735 --> 00:56:33,128
we could convince
retailers to take it.
1242
00:56:34,565 --> 00:56:37,176
Howard Phillips:
Eventually, In 1985,
1243
00:56:37,219 --> 00:56:39,831
Nintendo came out
with the Entertainment System.
1244
00:56:39,874 --> 00:56:41,659
NES Commercial: Will you be
the one to witness
1245
00:56:41,702 --> 00:56:44,836
the birth of the incredible
Nintendo Entertainment System?
1246
00:56:44,879 --> 00:56:47,578
The one to play with Rob,
the extraordinary video robot.
1247
00:56:47,621 --> 00:56:48,579
Batteries not included.
1248
00:56:49,971 --> 00:56:51,843
Greg:
They launched it as a robot.
1249
00:56:51,886 --> 00:56:53,453
Bill White: Rob the Robot.
1250
00:56:53,497 --> 00:56:55,629
Rob the Robot
was an accessory that worked
1251
00:56:55,673 --> 00:56:57,544
with the Nintendo
Entertainment System.
1252
00:56:57,588 --> 00:57:00,939
In reality, it was,
you know, the Trojan horse.
1253
00:57:00,982 --> 00:57:04,203
Gail: We all now know the robot wasn't that fantastic.
1254
00:57:04,246 --> 00:57:05,596
Howard Phillips:
But it allowed Nintendo
1255
00:57:05,639 --> 00:57:07,511
to go to the retailers and say,
1256
00:57:07,554 --> 00:57:09,338
come on and talk to us,
1257
00:57:09,382 --> 00:57:11,428
we got this new cool thing,
it's not a video game system
1258
00:57:11,471 --> 00:57:14,126
but an entertainment system
that uses technology
1259
00:57:14,169 --> 00:57:15,997
and all these things.
1260
00:57:16,041 --> 00:57:17,521
NES Commercial: The Nintendo
Entertainment System
1261
00:57:17,564 --> 00:57:20,001
comes with Rob, zapper,
control deck,
1262
00:57:20,045 --> 00:57:23,048
two controllers,
gyromite and Duck Hunt.
1263
00:57:23,091 --> 00:57:24,223
Howard Lincoln:
We knew all along
1264
00:57:24,266 --> 00:57:25,572
that once it was successful,
1265
00:57:25,616 --> 00:57:27,618
Rob the Robot
would hit the dust.
1266
00:57:30,403 --> 00:57:32,753
Before we introduced the NES,
1267
00:57:32,797 --> 00:57:36,888
Nintendo was strictly a coin
operated video game company.
1268
00:57:36,931 --> 00:57:39,412
And one of its great hits
was Donkey Kong .
1269
00:57:44,983 --> 00:57:47,289
- Nintendo really
focused on making games
1270
00:57:47,333 --> 00:57:51,076
that were deep
and interesting and compelling
1271
00:57:51,119 --> 00:57:54,775
and because they had
this wunderkind there.
1272
00:57:54,819 --> 00:57:56,734
Howard Lincoln:
Donkey Kong was created
1273
00:57:56,777 --> 00:58:01,869
by a very young employee,
Shigeru Miyamoto.
1274
00:58:01,913 --> 00:58:04,176
An artist by trade,
it turned out
1275
00:58:04,219 --> 00:58:06,657
that he was a creative genius.
1276
00:58:10,791 --> 00:58:12,445
In the game,
there's a little guy
1277
00:58:12,489 --> 00:58:15,840
with a mustache and a red hat
who is dodging balls
1278
00:58:15,883 --> 00:58:17,450
that are being thrown
by a gorilla.
1279
00:58:20,061 --> 00:58:22,934
We had to come up with a name
for this character
1280
00:58:22,977 --> 00:58:27,765
and somebody remembered the name
of our landlord, Mario Segale.
1281
00:58:29,897 --> 00:58:33,031
So we decided that we would call this character Mario.
1282
00:58:33,074 --> 00:58:35,903
And Mr. Miyamoto loved it
and so he started
1283
00:58:35,947 --> 00:58:38,079
creating Mario games.
1284
00:58:38,123 --> 00:58:39,733
Mario Commercial: Mario! Mario!
1285
00:58:39,777 --> 00:58:41,779
Mario! Mario! Mario!
1286
00:58:41,822 --> 00:58:43,781
Howard Lincoln: There is
no substitute for great games,
1287
00:58:43,824 --> 00:58:45,696
that's the key
to this business.
1288
00:58:45,739 --> 00:58:49,134
And without question,
the game that made Nintendo,
1289
00:58:49,177 --> 00:58:51,571
both in the United States
and around the world,
1290
00:58:51,615 --> 00:58:53,268
was Super Mario Bros .
1291
00:58:54,661 --> 00:58:57,185
[game sound]
1292
00:59:01,668 --> 00:59:03,583
Gail Tilden: Many people
think of Mr. Miyamoto
1293
00:59:03,627 --> 00:59:05,019
as kind of like
1294
00:59:05,063 --> 00:59:07,456
the Steven Spielberg
of video games.
1295
00:59:07,500 --> 00:59:11,199
[game sound]
1296
00:59:11,243 --> 00:59:12,897
Howard Phillips: It's
a little bit hallucinogenic.
1297
00:59:12,940 --> 00:59:14,638
I think if you think about
Mario Brothers;
1298
00:59:17,989 --> 00:59:19,947
the fact that he put that
on the screen,
1299
00:59:19,991 --> 00:59:23,298
it's testimony to his kind of
creative comfort level,
1300
00:59:23,342 --> 00:59:25,344
that he was willing
to express himself
1301
00:59:25,387 --> 00:59:28,347
with such random weird stuff.
1302
00:59:28,390 --> 00:59:30,654
And, he distilled it down
into just a little scenario
1303
00:59:30,697 --> 00:59:33,221
within the game that just made it so cat nippy.
1304
00:59:33,265 --> 00:59:36,398
[game sound]
1305
00:59:41,229 --> 00:59:42,840
News Archival: This year,
kids and their parents
1306
00:59:42,883 --> 00:59:45,625
will spend more than
three billion dollars
1307
00:59:45,669 --> 00:59:48,628
on video games
and game cartridges.
1308
00:59:48,672 --> 00:59:52,153
Almost 9 out of 10
of those dollars on Nintendo.
1309
00:59:53,981 --> 00:59:57,637
Gail: Pretty quickly we realized video games weren't dead,
1310
00:59:57,681 --> 00:59:59,857
and kids were still loving
playing them.
1311
01:00:02,250 --> 01:00:03,077
Bill: Sales took off.
1312
01:00:04,949 --> 01:00:06,385
Howard Lincoln: People were
clamoring for the product
1313
01:00:06,428 --> 01:00:08,822
and we couldn't keep it
on retail shelves.
1314
01:00:08,866 --> 01:00:09,954
- Volleyball?
1315
01:00:09,997 --> 01:00:10,868
Salesman: Sold out.
1316
01:00:12,043 --> 01:00:13,348
Mike Tyson's sold out.
1317
01:00:14,698 --> 01:00:16,090
- Everything is sold out?
1318
01:00:16,134 --> 01:00:17,222
Salesman:
Everything is sold out, yes.
1319
01:00:18,440 --> 01:00:22,140
- By 1986,
we knew that we had
1320
01:00:22,183 --> 01:00:23,445
a mega hit on our hands.
1321
01:00:27,362 --> 01:00:29,408
Gail: But, about the time
that we were
1322
01:00:29,451 --> 01:00:33,412
in full launch of the NES,
there was another
1323
01:00:33,455 --> 01:00:36,545
Japanese company
that was making video games.
1324
01:00:36,589 --> 01:00:39,374
TV Commercial: Sega!
1325
01:00:39,418 --> 01:00:41,681
News Archival: The game
businesses' giant Nintendo
1326
01:00:41,725 --> 01:00:44,989
is no longer
the only game in town.
1327
01:00:45,032 --> 01:00:47,731
Howard Lincoln:
We certainly knew of Sega.
1328
01:00:47,774 --> 01:00:50,255
Sega introduced
a home video game system
1329
01:00:50,298 --> 01:00:51,822
in competition with Nintendo.
1330
01:00:54,085 --> 01:00:56,827
- The Sega Master System
was an 8 bit system
1331
01:00:56,870 --> 01:01:00,526
and it was not very successful
against Nintendo in any market.
1332
01:01:00,569 --> 01:01:03,572
- The Sega Master system
was rolling back the clock,
1333
01:01:03,616 --> 01:01:05,400
because here's these games
in the arcade that look cool.
1334
01:01:08,926 --> 01:01:10,231
But then when you see them
on the home system,
1335
01:01:10,275 --> 01:01:11,363
they just looked crappy.
1336
01:01:13,887 --> 01:01:16,760
So, nobody thought that
Nintendo could ever be unseated
1337
01:01:16,803 --> 01:01:18,196
by somebody like Sega.
1338
01:01:22,853 --> 01:01:26,595
We were riding
that rocket ship of growth,
1339
01:01:26,639 --> 01:01:27,945
nobodyhought
it was going to end.
1340
01:01:36,823 --> 01:01:38,999
Tom: I was in Hawaii.
1341
01:01:39,043 --> 01:01:43,177
I had most recently been CEO
of Universal Matchbox
1342
01:01:43,221 --> 01:01:45,832
and we had sold
the company to Tyco.
1343
01:01:45,876 --> 01:01:49,183
So I was unemployed, on a beach
in Hawaii with my family.
1344
01:01:52,752 --> 01:01:54,667
And all of a sudden,
Hayao Nakayama,
1345
01:01:54,711 --> 01:02:00,629
the CEO of Sega of Japan,
appears in his suit and tie
1346
01:02:00,673 --> 01:02:02,588
and starts talking to me
about Sega.
1347
01:02:04,242 --> 01:02:06,113
I wanted to know
how the hell he found me
1348
01:02:06,157 --> 01:02:08,333
and second of all,
what are you doing here?
1349
01:02:09,813 --> 01:02:13,207
Well, he wanted me
to come back to Japan with him
1350
01:02:13,251 --> 01:02:16,036
and look at what
16-bit technology could do
1351
01:02:16,080 --> 01:02:17,472
for the video game industry.
1352
01:02:20,258 --> 01:02:23,478
Mike: Every system up until then had been 8-bit technology.
1353
01:02:23,522 --> 01:02:25,045
- The last thing
I thought I was going to do
1354
01:02:25,089 --> 01:02:26,873
was enter the video game
market.
1355
01:02:26,917 --> 01:02:30,616
But when I saw 16-bit,
I actually was blown away.
1356
01:02:31,965 --> 01:02:35,752
16-bit was so different,
so dramatically better.
1357
01:02:35,795 --> 01:02:37,014
I joined the company.
1358
01:02:40,408 --> 01:02:43,324
Mike: Tom Kalinske was this superstar hotshot executive
1359
01:02:43,368 --> 01:02:45,805
from the toy industry,
and we couldn't believe
1360
01:02:45,849 --> 01:02:47,502
that he would join
a little company like ours.
1361
01:02:48,721 --> 01:02:50,462
Tom:
I thought there was a chance
1362
01:02:50,505 --> 01:02:52,420
of at least grabbing some
market share from Nintendo.
1363
01:02:53,944 --> 01:02:57,948
Shinobu: When Sega decided to launch 16-bit
Sega Genesis ,
1364
01:02:57,991 --> 01:03:00,864
Nintendo was very formidable
1365
01:03:00,907 --> 01:03:05,259
and Tom Kalinske often called
this, David and Goliath.
1366
01:03:05,303 --> 01:03:06,391
Sega Commercial:
What's the hottest
1367
01:03:06,434 --> 01:03:07,958
16-bit video game system?
1368
01:03:08,001 --> 01:03:11,483
With true arcade games, great graphics, real challenge,
1369
01:03:11,526 --> 01:03:14,268
stereo sound,
and the hottest library too?
1370
01:03:14,312 --> 01:03:15,922
Genesis from Sega.
1371
01:03:15,966 --> 01:03:18,533
Genesis , the new generation
in video games.
1372
01:03:24,931 --> 01:03:27,194
Howard Lincoln:
By the end of 1986,
1373
01:03:27,238 --> 01:03:30,154
Nintendo had
essentially 100 percent
1374
01:03:30,197 --> 01:03:32,939
of the home video game market
in the United States.
1375
01:03:32,983 --> 01:03:34,898
Howard Phillips: But Nintendo didn't want to just
1376
01:03:34,941 --> 01:03:37,335
make a platform
that like early Atari's
1377
01:03:37,378 --> 01:03:40,729
could just be crushed by bad product and shovel ware.
1378
01:03:40,773 --> 01:03:42,993
- So we had to
figure out some way
1379
01:03:43,036 --> 01:03:46,605
to keep bad games, or games
that we did not control,
1380
01:03:46,648 --> 01:03:47,519
off our system.
1381
01:03:49,826 --> 01:03:51,740
Trip: They wanted
to control everything.
1382
01:03:51,784 --> 01:03:54,439
And they wanted to be able
to approve games in advance
1383
01:03:54,482 --> 01:03:55,875
and approve the final version
1384
01:03:55,919 --> 01:03:57,877
after they would
personally test it.
1385
01:03:57,921 --> 01:04:00,793
It was really a financially
challenging model.
1386
01:04:00,837 --> 01:04:02,534
- Nintendo's response
was to come down
1387
01:04:02,577 --> 01:04:04,144
with an iron fist.
1388
01:04:04,188 --> 01:04:06,973
They controlled the market
from top to bottom.
1389
01:04:07,017 --> 01:04:08,366
News Archival: The FTC
is still investigating
1390
01:04:08,409 --> 01:04:10,803
charges Nintendo
has unfairly monopolized
1391
01:04:10,847 --> 01:04:12,544
the highly lucrative
software end
1392
01:04:12,587 --> 01:04:13,850
of the video game market.
1393
01:04:15,155 --> 01:04:16,809
- They did care what
the titles were and they--
1394
01:04:16,853 --> 01:04:18,506
and they were very strict
about it.
1395
01:04:18,550 --> 01:04:20,117
They were a bully.
1396
01:04:20,160 --> 01:04:22,423
- I don't perceive myself
as a bully.
1397
01:04:22,467 --> 01:04:24,382
I don't think that Nintendo
was ever a bully.
1398
01:04:25,731 --> 01:04:27,559
And it worked
in the sense that
1399
01:04:27,602 --> 01:04:30,083
the home video game business
didn't collapse,
1400
01:04:30,127 --> 01:04:32,259
in fact it arose.
1401
01:04:32,303 --> 01:04:34,479
- We haven't
done anything wrong here.
1402
01:04:34,522 --> 01:04:36,916
What we've done in the last
three and a half years
1403
01:04:36,960 --> 01:04:41,094
is to single-handedly
recreate a dead industry.
1404
01:04:41,138 --> 01:04:44,402
We have resurrected
the home video game business.
1405
01:04:44,445 --> 01:04:46,926
Tom: A lot of the third parties really resented
1406
01:04:46,970 --> 01:04:50,103
how Nintendo
had ordered them around.
1407
01:04:50,147 --> 01:04:52,018
And it was clear
we needed the support
1408
01:04:52,062 --> 01:04:55,500
of important third parties,
and one of the most important
1409
01:04:55,543 --> 01:04:57,545
that I could see
was Electronic Arts.
1410
01:04:59,983 --> 01:05:02,594
Trip: The part of the industry
that I helped pioneer
1411
01:05:02,637 --> 01:05:06,598
was video game publishing
as we know it today.
1412
01:05:06,641 --> 01:05:08,426
It was pretty much
an amateur operation
1413
01:05:08,469 --> 01:05:10,515
until I launched
Electronic Arts.
1414
01:05:11,820 --> 01:05:13,344
I began to take Sega seriously
1415
01:05:13,387 --> 01:05:15,476
when I heard rumors that they had a 16-bit machine.
1416
01:05:16,782 --> 01:05:18,218
We thought, wow,
we could really
1417
01:05:18,262 --> 01:05:20,438
make some great games for this.
1418
01:05:20,481 --> 01:05:22,309
And I thought, you know,
why don't we just
1419
01:05:22,353 --> 01:05:24,007
figure out for ourselves,
1420
01:05:24,050 --> 01:05:25,922
how to make games
for this machine,
1421
01:05:25,965 --> 01:05:28,011
and then, we don't
have to be bound
1422
01:05:28,054 --> 01:05:29,186
by an onerous
license agreement.
1423
01:05:31,318 --> 01:05:35,061
Tom: I'd heard from my staff
that EA had reverse-engineered
1424
01:05:35,105 --> 01:05:38,282
the Genesis system
and they were planning
1425
01:05:38,325 --> 01:05:41,981
to release games
on the Sega Genesis system
1426
01:05:42,025 --> 01:05:44,636
without paying royalty to us.
1427
01:05:44,679 --> 01:05:46,812
And I thought that was wrong.
1428
01:05:46,855 --> 01:05:51,338
So, I went to EA and had
a rather unfriendly meeting
1429
01:05:51,382 --> 01:05:53,906
with Trip Hawkins.
1430
01:05:53,950 --> 01:05:55,603
Trip:
Tom was actually very useful
1431
01:05:55,647 --> 01:06:00,173
because he's a good, reasonable,
articulate American businessman.
1432
01:06:00,217 --> 01:06:02,567
- He may not remember this,
but I asked him,
1433
01:06:02,610 --> 01:06:05,222
I said, Trip, did your mother
ever teach you
1434
01:06:05,265 --> 01:06:07,876
the difference between
right and wrong?
1435
01:06:07,920 --> 01:06:10,053
And he got quite upset
over that.
1436
01:06:10,096 --> 01:06:13,621
- Sega said to him,
you work with us, together
1437
01:06:13,665 --> 01:06:16,537
to beat Nintendo,
and Trip liked that idea.
1438
01:06:16,581 --> 01:06:18,148
- And we worked out
a license agreement
1439
01:06:18,191 --> 01:06:19,279
that turned out to be a win-win.
1440
01:06:25,590 --> 01:06:28,071
Tom: The EA breakthrough
helped us convince
1441
01:06:28,114 --> 01:06:30,029
other third party developers
1442
01:06:30,073 --> 01:06:33,772
to take the battle with Nintendo
and just tell them,
1443
01:06:33,815 --> 01:06:36,122
they were going to publish
on Sega Genesis.
1444
01:06:36,166 --> 01:06:38,037
And Nintendo
wasn't happy about it.
1445
01:06:38,081 --> 01:06:40,822
They were so stuck
in their ways,
1446
01:06:40,866 --> 01:06:43,564
it made it somewhat easy
for us to take them on.
1447
01:06:45,479 --> 01:06:47,742
But we needed a character
1448
01:06:47,786 --> 01:06:50,093
who could compete effectively
with Mario.
1449
01:06:54,010 --> 01:06:56,925
Shinobu: As Nintendo often said, the name of the game
1450
01:06:56,969 --> 01:06:58,710
is the game.
1451
01:06:58,753 --> 01:07:01,626
One game can change
the fate of the company.
1452
01:07:01,669 --> 01:07:05,760
If I have to mention
only one reason
1453
01:07:05,804 --> 01:07:09,938
why Sega succeeded,
it is Sonic the Hedgehog.
1454
01:07:09,982 --> 01:07:12,376
[game sound]
1455
01:07:16,075 --> 01:07:19,296
Tom: When I finally got a chance to see the actual game,
1456
01:07:19,339 --> 01:07:20,210
I was blown away.
1457
01:07:21,950 --> 01:07:24,518
It showed off the graphics
of the Genesis system,
1458
01:07:24,562 --> 01:07:26,042
it showed off the speed.
1459
01:07:28,696 --> 01:07:30,742
I wasn't sure
it could ever be
1460
01:07:30,785 --> 01:07:32,918
as successful as Mario was,
1461
01:07:32,961 --> 01:07:35,399
but by god, we were going
to try to make it such.
1462
01:07:39,403 --> 01:07:43,276
I knew that instead of going
directly against Nintendo,
1463
01:07:43,320 --> 01:07:44,843
we had to do
something different.
1464
01:07:46,105 --> 01:07:48,629
So, my basic philosophy
was, alright,
1465
01:07:48,673 --> 01:07:52,198
we're going to leave them
the 9- to 12-year-old boy,
1466
01:07:52,242 --> 01:07:54,766
and we're going to go after
an older age group.
1467
01:07:54,809 --> 01:07:57,029
File Footage Sot: 16-bit marketplace, we believe,
1468
01:07:57,073 --> 01:07:59,814
is a much more sophisticated
marketplace
1469
01:07:59,858 --> 01:08:02,208
and we're directing this
towards the teenager
1470
01:08:02,252 --> 01:08:04,428
and the young adult.
1471
01:08:04,471 --> 01:08:06,212
Mike:
Nintendo was the game system
1472
01:08:06,256 --> 01:08:08,084
your parents wanted you to play.
1473
01:08:08,127 --> 01:08:10,521
This was the one that your
kind of devious uncle
1474
01:08:10,564 --> 01:08:12,000
would let you play.
1475
01:08:12,044 --> 01:08:13,393
Tom: And then,
in terms of our marketing,
1476
01:08:13,437 --> 01:08:14,742
we took Nintendo on.
1477
01:08:14,786 --> 01:08:16,266
We made fun of them.
1478
01:08:16,309 --> 01:08:18,572
Sega Commercial:
Genesis does, Genesis does.
1479
01:08:18,616 --> 01:08:21,619
Genesis does, Genesis does.
1480
01:08:21,662 --> 01:08:23,142
What Nintendon't.
1481
01:08:23,186 --> 01:08:26,841
- Sega does what
Nintendo don't, or something.
1482
01:08:26,885 --> 01:08:28,843
I thought it was kind of funny,
quite frankly.
1483
01:08:28,887 --> 01:08:31,194
- We also moved
to the famous scream.
1484
01:08:31,237 --> 01:08:32,891
Sega Commercials:
Sega! Sega! Sega!
1485
01:08:32,934 --> 01:08:34,284
- Sega!
1486
01:08:34,327 --> 01:08:36,677
I started taking my kids
to school in the morning
1487
01:08:36,721 --> 01:08:39,898
and when our car would pull up,
the girls would yell, Sega!
1488
01:08:39,941 --> 01:08:41,204
Back at me.
1489
01:08:41,247 --> 01:08:42,161
And I thought, wow,
I've even got the girls
1490
01:08:42,205 --> 01:08:43,641
yelling Sega,
this is great.
1491
01:08:43,684 --> 01:08:46,600
[♪♪♪]
1492
01:08:48,994 --> 01:08:51,779
Diane: We had a goal
to beat Nintendo.
1493
01:08:51,823 --> 01:08:54,652
Every time something came up
and it was a hurdle,
1494
01:08:54,695 --> 01:08:58,438
it was like, what would
we need to do to beat Nintendo?
1495
01:09:00,136 --> 01:09:01,441
Gail: They came in
with an attack,
1496
01:09:01,485 --> 01:09:03,878
that Mario
was a dumpy old plumber
1497
01:09:03,922 --> 01:09:08,448
and they had something
that was faster,
1498
01:09:08,492 --> 01:09:11,843
cooler and, you know, you can't
just turn around and say,
1499
01:09:11,886 --> 01:09:13,410
oh, no, Mario's cooler.
1500
01:09:13,453 --> 01:09:14,976
- They were an easy target.
1501
01:09:15,020 --> 01:09:17,022
We knew they wouldn't respond,
so you could be nimble
1502
01:09:17,065 --> 01:09:18,371
and sort of run around them.
1503
01:09:18,415 --> 01:09:21,200
Sega Commercial:
[screaming]
1504
01:09:21,244 --> 01:09:24,638
- They were in your face
in terms of their commercials
1505
01:09:24,682 --> 01:09:26,379
and marketing.
1506
01:09:26,423 --> 01:09:27,728
Sega Commercials: Sonic 2 fits easily into any tacklebox.
1507
01:09:27,772 --> 01:09:29,121
Act now.
1508
01:09:29,165 --> 01:09:31,079
The Sega Genesis
has Blast Processing,
1509
01:09:31,123 --> 01:09:32,994
Super Nintendo doesn't.
1510
01:09:33,038 --> 01:09:35,823
Tom: I used to get nasty letters from Howard Lincoln,
1511
01:09:35,867 --> 01:09:38,522
to cease and desist
our advertising.
1512
01:09:38,565 --> 01:09:41,438
- I don't think we took
anything like that seriously
1513
01:09:41,481 --> 01:09:43,179
until they started gaining
market share...
1514
01:09:45,268 --> 01:09:46,921
Then, we did take it seriously.
1515
01:09:54,233 --> 01:09:55,452
Tom:
The work environment at Sega
1516
01:09:55,495 --> 01:09:58,237
was really a lot of fun.
1517
01:09:58,281 --> 01:10:01,240
We were one of those companies
that had the ping pong table
1518
01:10:01,284 --> 01:10:03,982
and we were shooting
Nerf things at each other.
1519
01:10:05,679 --> 01:10:08,987
In that sense, we were
a throwback to the Atari days.
1520
01:10:10,510 --> 01:10:14,122
- We were a wild bunch of
different types of characters.
1521
01:10:16,951 --> 01:10:18,126
Bill: Nintendo,
on the other hand,
1522
01:10:18,170 --> 01:10:19,650
was lean and mean.
1523
01:10:19,693 --> 01:10:21,260
We were conservative.
1524
01:10:21,304 --> 01:10:23,001
Trip:
Nintendo was run like an army.
1525
01:10:23,044 --> 01:10:24,394
- Listen up!
1526
01:10:24,437 --> 01:10:25,612
You have to take
your oral examination,
1527
01:10:25,656 --> 01:10:26,874
you have to take
your oral test.
1528
01:10:26,918 --> 01:10:28,615
- And Sega was run
more like a dude ranch.
1529
01:10:28,659 --> 01:10:30,356
- I don't think
there's any clearer way
1530
01:10:30,400 --> 01:10:33,185
of showing the difference
between the Nintendo attitude
1531
01:10:33,229 --> 01:10:35,361
and the Sega attitude
than Mortal Kombat .
1532
01:10:35,405 --> 01:10:38,016
Mortal Kombat Ad:
Mortal Kombat!
1533
01:10:46,894 --> 01:10:48,418
Howard Phillips:
Mortal Kombat was a game
1534
01:10:48,461 --> 01:10:50,724
designed to appeal
to the older interests
1535
01:10:50,768 --> 01:10:52,552
of a teenage boy.
1536
01:10:52,596 --> 01:10:53,901
Man 1: If you knock her out
two times,
1537
01:10:53,945 --> 01:10:54,815
then you get to kill her.
1538
01:10:57,731 --> 01:10:59,603
Man 2:
Kids love blood and guts
1539
01:10:59,646 --> 01:11:01,300
and it makes it
something exciting.
1540
01:11:01,344 --> 01:11:02,562
Howard Phillips: It had
pretty gratuitous violence.
1541
01:11:05,130 --> 01:11:06,697
- Taking out hearts
and ripping heads off.
1542
01:11:08,568 --> 01:11:10,222
Howard Lincoln:
Blood was flowing freely.
1543
01:11:12,093 --> 01:11:13,486
Reporter: Heads are yanked off
with their spines attached.
1544
01:11:15,096 --> 01:11:16,402
Consumer:
You take a guy's head off,
1545
01:11:16,446 --> 01:11:17,621
that's what the kids
want out there.
1546
01:11:19,362 --> 01:11:20,537
Greg: You laugh today
1547
01:11:20,580 --> 01:11:21,668
and say, well, what,
why is everybody get
1548
01:11:21,712 --> 01:11:22,582
so upset about this?
1549
01:11:24,454 --> 01:11:26,194
The problem was,
it was the first game
1550
01:11:26,238 --> 01:11:27,065
that has blood in it.
1551
01:11:28,458 --> 01:11:30,938
- The publisher Acclaim,
decided to publish
1552
01:11:30,982 --> 01:11:35,247
for both Sega Genesis
and the Nintendo Super NES.
1553
01:11:35,291 --> 01:11:37,162
Greg: And, when we told
Howard Lincoln,
1554
01:11:37,205 --> 01:11:39,425
they actually went into
a deep review and said,
1555
01:11:39,469 --> 01:11:41,601
hmm, I don't know if it's
going to fit for their system.
1556
01:11:41,645 --> 01:11:43,081
- We were very concerned
1557
01:11:43,124 --> 01:11:45,866
with the type of content
of the games.
1558
01:11:45,910 --> 01:11:48,304
We had our own
internal guidelines
1559
01:11:48,347 --> 01:11:51,307
for what was acceptable,
and we concluded
1560
01:11:51,350 --> 01:11:55,789
that we could not allow blood
on the Nintendo version.
1561
01:11:55,833 --> 01:11:57,269
Greg: Howard said, you have to
make the blood green.
1562
01:11:59,140 --> 01:12:00,968
So we said, sure,
we'll make the blood green.
1563
01:12:01,012 --> 01:12:02,622
Is that what you want, Howard?
1564
01:12:02,666 --> 01:12:03,493
We'll make the blood green.
1565
01:12:05,233 --> 01:12:07,018
Tom: Everybody knew
it was silly
1566
01:12:07,061 --> 01:12:10,761
and I thought what Nintendo
was doing was censorship.
1567
01:12:10,804 --> 01:12:12,632
Mike: At Sega,
it was the statement that,
1568
01:12:12,676 --> 01:12:17,115
hey, we're going to let you see
the red blood and they're not.
1569
01:12:17,158 --> 01:12:20,553
- Super Nintendo has a more tame version of Mortal Kombat.
1570
01:12:20,597 --> 01:12:24,165
But some believe the company's
effort to sanitize the game
1571
01:12:24,209 --> 01:12:26,516
will kill off most of its sales.
1572
01:12:26,559 --> 01:12:29,257
- We clearly got branded
as the cool machine.
1573
01:12:29,301 --> 01:12:31,825
And that was something
that Sega had never been before.
1574
01:12:31,869 --> 01:12:33,566
- We've had three times
as many orders
1575
01:12:33,610 --> 01:12:35,046
for the Sega version as we have the Super Nintendo version.
1576
01:12:36,787 --> 01:12:38,310
Greg: It was much more
successful on the Sega system
1577
01:12:38,354 --> 01:12:40,834
and made Sega
a much more successful company
1578
01:12:40,878 --> 01:12:43,576
during that period of time
than Nintendo.
1579
01:12:43,620 --> 01:12:44,664
- They cleaned our clock.
1580
01:12:47,972 --> 01:12:49,887
Bill White: Mortal Kombat
created quite a fever
1581
01:12:49,930 --> 01:12:51,976
in the marketplace
from a sales standpoint,
1582
01:12:52,019 --> 01:12:53,891
but it also created
quite a bit of publicity;
1583
01:12:53,934 --> 01:12:55,327
from parents.
1584
01:12:55,371 --> 01:12:56,850
- Absolutely, I'm concerned.
1585
01:12:56,894 --> 01:12:59,505
- I am concerned because
it directly affects
1586
01:12:59,549 --> 01:13:01,115
the behavior of my children.
1587
01:13:01,159 --> 01:13:02,726
- I am very concerned,
1588
01:13:02,769 --> 01:13:05,381
and there is one tape
in particular
1589
01:13:05,424 --> 01:13:06,643
that I understand
is very violent.
1590
01:13:06,686 --> 01:13:08,601
It's called Mortal Kombat .
1591
01:13:08,645 --> 01:13:10,951
Bill: Ultimately, that reached
a point of discussion
1592
01:13:10,995 --> 01:13:13,693
where Congress decided
to take a look at game violence.
1593
01:13:16,609 --> 01:13:18,829
Lieberman: I think it's time
to draw the line.
1594
01:13:18,872 --> 01:13:23,486
I know that one place parents
want us to draw the line
1595
01:13:23,529 --> 01:13:26,358
is with violence
in video games.
1596
01:13:26,402 --> 01:13:29,274
Howard Lincoln: Sen. Lieberman
and his committee
1597
01:13:29,317 --> 01:13:32,625
decided to look into
home video game violence.
1598
01:13:32,669 --> 01:13:34,497
- What you're about to see
1599
01:13:34,540 --> 01:13:37,848
are scenes from the most violent
new video games.
1600
01:13:37,891 --> 01:13:39,240
First we have Mortal Kombat ...
1601
01:13:44,332 --> 01:13:47,727
- It is a sick, disgusting
video game in my judgement.
1602
01:13:47,771 --> 01:13:49,860
Shame on the people
that produce that trash.
1603
01:13:51,557 --> 01:13:54,517
Tom: They thought this was
warping the minds of children
1604
01:13:54,560 --> 01:13:57,041
and there should be
government controls
1605
01:13:57,084 --> 01:14:00,218
put over what kind of games
should be brought out
1606
01:14:00,261 --> 01:14:01,828
into the marketplace.
1607
01:14:01,872 --> 01:14:04,309
- If you don't do something
about it, we will.
1608
01:14:04,352 --> 01:14:05,702
- The decision was made
to send me,
1609
01:14:05,745 --> 01:14:08,400
although I'd only been at Sega
for a few months.
1610
01:14:08,444 --> 01:14:11,142
But I did have the benefit
of having multiple years
1611
01:14:11,185 --> 01:14:12,622
at Nintendo.
1612
01:14:12,665 --> 01:14:15,842
- We decided to send
Bill White to represent Sega
1613
01:14:15,886 --> 01:14:19,411
because Bill
had worked for Howard.
1614
01:14:19,455 --> 01:14:22,893
And we thought this was gonna
really get under Howard's skin.
1615
01:14:22,936 --> 01:14:26,200
- I can't sit here
and allow you to be told
1616
01:14:26,244 --> 01:14:28,376
that somehow
the video game business
1617
01:14:28,420 --> 01:14:32,555
has been transformed today
from children to adults.
1618
01:14:32,598 --> 01:14:34,208
It hasn't been.
1619
01:14:34,252 --> 01:14:36,080
And Mr. White, who is a former
Nintendo employee,
1620
01:14:36,123 --> 01:14:38,604
knows the demographics
as well as I do.
1621
01:14:38,648 --> 01:14:41,651
Gail: Howard was actually
an attorney by practice.
1622
01:14:41,694 --> 01:14:45,393
So, I don't know that it was
a very fair setup for Bill.
1623
01:14:45,437 --> 01:14:48,396
I think he got kind of
thrown to the wolves.
1624
01:14:48,440 --> 01:14:50,660
- Small children bought this
at Toys R Us,
1625
01:14:50,703 --> 01:14:52,270
and he knows that
as well as I do.
1626
01:14:54,228 --> 01:14:57,536
Bill: Nintendo basically
took the side of the senators.
1627
01:14:57,580 --> 01:15:00,104
Tom: Howard Lincoln
presented Nintendo
1628
01:15:00,147 --> 01:15:02,280
as being the perfect company.
1629
01:15:02,323 --> 01:15:06,632
He pretended to be
literally saint-like.
1630
01:15:06,676 --> 01:15:09,592
But then Bill White
pulls out a rifle.
1631
01:15:09,635 --> 01:15:11,681
- A rapid fire machine gun.
1632
01:15:11,724 --> 01:15:12,899
- And said,
what are you talking about?
1633
01:15:12,943 --> 01:15:14,814
Look at this rifle
you guys have.
1634
01:15:14,858 --> 01:15:16,512
- That uses
the same technology
1635
01:15:16,555 --> 01:15:18,775
to our understanding
with several games available.
1636
01:15:18,818 --> 01:15:20,951
And they have no rating
on that product
1637
01:15:20,994 --> 01:15:22,518
to suggest
that product's for adults.
1638
01:15:22,561 --> 01:15:23,780
Lieberman: Nintendo produces that, you say?
1639
01:15:23,823 --> 01:15:25,216
- Yes...
LIEBERMAN: Yeah.
1640
01:15:25,259 --> 01:15:27,131
I must say, to me,
that looks like a--
1641
01:15:27,174 --> 01:15:28,915
looks like a weapon
1642
01:15:28,959 --> 01:15:31,918
Tom: We tried to dissuade the senators from this viewpoint
1643
01:15:31,962 --> 01:15:34,486
that everybody who played
video games was a child.
1644
01:15:34,530 --> 01:15:36,401
And that just wasn't the case.
1645
01:15:36,444 --> 01:15:38,359
- The average
Sega Genesis user
1646
01:15:38,403 --> 01:15:42,363
is almost 19 years old,
and fewer than 30 percent
1647
01:15:42,407 --> 01:15:44,104
are under age 13.
1648
01:15:44,148 --> 01:15:45,628
- They all thought
it was little kids
1649
01:15:45,671 --> 01:15:47,412
playing at home
with their moms.
1650
01:15:47,455 --> 01:15:48,718
And it wasn't.
1651
01:15:48,761 --> 01:15:50,023
Lieberman:
Thank you, Mr. Lincoln.
1652
01:15:50,067 --> 01:15:51,895
You're not perfect,
but you're--
1653
01:15:51,938 --> 01:15:54,462
you've been a damn sight
better than the competition.
1654
01:15:54,506 --> 01:15:57,074
I find the course of behavior
by Sega
1655
01:15:57,117 --> 01:15:59,380
the most objectionable
here in these games
1656
01:15:59,424 --> 01:16:00,860
that we're talking about.
1657
01:16:00,904 --> 01:16:02,514
- It was not a good day
for Sega.
1658
01:16:04,342 --> 01:16:07,127
Tom: I was quite angry with
Howard over his performance.
1659
01:16:07,171 --> 01:16:09,956
So we had a few nasty comments
back and forth.
1660
01:16:10,000 --> 01:16:11,958
- I sent him a poem.
1661
01:16:12,002 --> 01:16:13,830
Roses are red,
violets are blue.
1662
01:16:13,873 --> 01:16:16,659
You had a bad day, Tom,
bo-hoo-hoo.
1663
01:16:19,052 --> 01:16:21,359
Howard Lincoln: But there was a growing concern
1664
01:16:21,402 --> 01:16:24,797
that the senate hearings
would have a negative impact
1665
01:16:24,841 --> 01:16:28,192
on sales of home video games.
1666
01:16:28,235 --> 01:16:30,629
Tom: Because of
the negative publicity,
1667
01:16:30,673 --> 01:16:34,502
we were very concerned
about a crash occurring again.
1668
01:16:34,546 --> 01:16:36,287
Bill: Ultimately though,
it was in Nintendo's
1669
01:16:36,330 --> 01:16:38,245
best interest
and Sega's best interest
1670
01:16:38,289 --> 01:16:40,160
to develop a rating system
1671
01:16:40,204 --> 01:16:42,162
that allowed the consumer
parents to choose
1672
01:16:42,206 --> 01:16:44,121
which games were right
for their children.
1673
01:16:44,164 --> 01:16:45,513
Howard Phillips:
It helped establish
1674
01:16:45,557 --> 01:16:47,037
that there's different
types of games
1675
01:16:47,080 --> 01:16:49,387
that are appropriate
for different ages
1676
01:16:49,430 --> 01:16:51,258
or for people
of different tastes,
1677
01:16:51,302 --> 01:16:53,826
and ratings really codified
that for the whole industry.
1678
01:16:53,870 --> 01:16:54,914
So, it was a great thing.
1679
01:16:56,786 --> 01:16:59,658
Tom: The video game market
actually grew substantially.
1680
01:16:59,702 --> 01:17:01,529
It actually helped us
broaden the market
1681
01:17:01,573 --> 01:17:03,662
to go after
the older age audience
1682
01:17:03,706 --> 01:17:05,098
who now said, "Oh, yeah,
1683
01:17:05,142 --> 01:17:06,709
there's stuff here in
this video game business
1684
01:17:06,752 --> 01:17:09,059
that appeals to us as well".
1685
01:17:14,630 --> 01:17:16,632
Anchor: It won't be long
before budding young actors,
1686
01:17:16,675 --> 01:17:18,677
who used to dream
of going to Hollywood,
1687
01:17:18,721 --> 01:17:20,853
will dream of going
to Silicon Valley.
1688
01:17:20,897 --> 01:17:22,855
Howard Phillips: The future
with CD-ROM technology
1689
01:17:22,899 --> 01:17:24,291
means the kind of
production qualities
1690
01:17:24,335 --> 01:17:26,554
that you're used
to seeing in films.
1691
01:17:28,382 --> 01:17:30,123
Mike: In the early '90s,
it was very clear
1692
01:17:30,167 --> 01:17:31,995
that CD ROM was going
to be the direction
1693
01:17:32,038 --> 01:17:33,170
of games in the future.
1694
01:17:35,476 --> 01:17:39,002
- You could make a video game
look like a television program
1695
01:17:39,045 --> 01:17:42,483
with photorealistic images
and full motion video.
1696
01:17:42,527 --> 01:17:46,226
- Cartridges
were costing like $45.
1697
01:17:46,270 --> 01:17:48,881
But with a CD-ROM,
you could have all that data
1698
01:17:48,925 --> 01:17:51,710
for a $1.80 at the time.
1699
01:17:51,754 --> 01:17:54,757
Tom: We'd heard that Nintendo
was going to work with Sony
1700
01:17:54,800 --> 01:17:57,498
on developing
the next video game system
1701
01:17:57,542 --> 01:18:00,458
using Sony Optical Disc
technology.
1702
01:18:00,501 --> 01:18:02,939
Mike: When we heard that Sony
was partnering with Nintendo,
1703
01:18:02,982 --> 01:18:04,723
it sounded like calamity.
1704
01:18:04,767 --> 01:18:07,813
How could Sega compete
with those two giants together?
1705
01:18:07,857 --> 01:18:09,815
I was actually at
the Consumer Electronics Show
1706
01:18:09,859 --> 01:18:11,774
in Las Vegas
when we were all expecting
1707
01:18:11,817 --> 01:18:14,864
to hear the joint announcement
from Sony and Nintendo.
1708
01:18:14,907 --> 01:18:16,735
- I think there was
the expectation
1709
01:18:16,779 --> 01:18:19,390
that we were going to do
something with Sony.
1710
01:18:19,433 --> 01:18:22,698
But Nintendo
made a business decision.
1711
01:18:22,741 --> 01:18:25,483
I recall announcing
that decision
1712
01:18:25,526 --> 01:18:27,485
and I knew it was a shocker.
1713
01:18:27,528 --> 01:18:29,182
- Howard Lincoln
surprised the world
1714
01:18:29,226 --> 01:18:31,881
by saying
that they were going to use
1715
01:18:31,924 --> 01:18:35,406
Philips Optical Disc technology and not Sony,
1716
01:18:35,449 --> 01:18:36,973
and they apparently
had not told Sony this
1717
01:18:37,016 --> 01:18:38,583
before the presentation.
1718
01:18:38,626 --> 01:18:40,803
So the Sony executives
were furious.
1719
01:18:40,846 --> 01:18:42,761
- And it was a total,
"What the [bleep]", moment.
1720
01:18:42,805 --> 01:18:44,720
Sony was really left
with its pants down.
1721
01:18:46,243 --> 01:18:47,635
You gotta think
that made it personal
1722
01:18:47,679 --> 01:18:49,637
for Sony at that point.
1723
01:18:49,681 --> 01:18:52,249
In Japanese culture,
it was incredible humiliation
1724
01:18:52,292 --> 01:18:55,208
for this iconic national brand
like Sony
1725
01:18:55,252 --> 01:18:57,515
to be left at the altar
by Nintendo.
1726
01:18:57,558 --> 01:18:59,125
- And so, rather than
work with someone else
1727
01:18:59,169 --> 01:19:01,258
as a third party
content provider,
1728
01:19:01,301 --> 01:19:02,781
they were intent on
1729
01:19:02,825 --> 01:19:04,130
developing their own platform
1730
01:19:04,174 --> 01:19:05,958
that they could control
from the very beginning.
1731
01:19:06,002 --> 01:19:08,265
- We may have poked
a sleeping dragon.
1732
01:19:08,308 --> 01:19:10,180
We poked a lot of dragons.
1733
01:19:10,223 --> 01:19:12,225
- It may seem like
a footnote in history
1734
01:19:12,269 --> 01:19:13,923
for everyone
except the game geeks,
1735
01:19:13,966 --> 01:19:15,707
but it really
was a turning point
1736
01:19:15,751 --> 01:19:17,535
in the entire industry's
development.
1737
01:19:17,578 --> 01:19:19,537
That was like Waterloo
for our industry.
1738
01:19:19,580 --> 01:19:20,494
History would
never be the same.
1739
01:19:26,849 --> 01:19:28,111
Howard Phillips:
Sony did a very smart job
1740
01:19:28,154 --> 01:19:29,677
of entering the market.
1741
01:19:31,636 --> 01:19:35,074
Diane: We knew for a fact
that Sony was bringing out
1742
01:19:35,118 --> 01:19:38,991
a system that could
really hurt us badly.
1743
01:19:49,915 --> 01:19:51,743
Male Announcer:
The games are ready!
1744
01:19:51,787 --> 01:19:52,744
Are you?
1745
01:19:55,181 --> 01:19:57,444
- When we heard rumors
from the development community
1746
01:19:57,488 --> 01:19:59,620
about how powerful
PlayStation was going to be...
1747
01:20:01,448 --> 01:20:05,931
particularly about how rich
and fast the 3D graphics were,
1748
01:20:05,975 --> 01:20:08,542
we just assumed that it would be a super high-end system.
1749
01:20:10,109 --> 01:20:11,632
I mean, if you think about it,
1750
01:20:11,676 --> 01:20:13,678
a lot of Sony's
consumer electronics products
1751
01:20:13,721 --> 01:20:16,289
were very expensive systems.
1752
01:20:16,333 --> 01:20:18,509
- We had heard
that the Sony system
1753
01:20:18,552 --> 01:20:21,294
was gonna be
a $500 priced system.
1754
01:20:21,338 --> 01:20:23,122
And we didn't think
that would be successful,
1755
01:20:23,166 --> 01:20:25,385
because we knew
price was so important
1756
01:20:25,429 --> 01:20:27,605
in the video game industry.
1757
01:20:27,648 --> 01:20:29,128
- Nintendo wasn't
terribly concerned.
1758
01:20:29,172 --> 01:20:31,261
They thought, yeah,
if they're at 500 bucks,
1759
01:20:31,304 --> 01:20:32,653
that's a problem for them.
1760
01:20:32,697 --> 01:20:34,133
Steve:
There was a lot of talk about
1761
01:20:34,177 --> 01:20:36,396
what the price point
was going to be.
1762
01:20:36,440 --> 01:20:39,965
It started out at 499,
and then we convinced them
1763
01:20:40,009 --> 01:20:42,272
that it needed to be
substantially lower,
1764
01:20:42,315 --> 01:20:44,622
and they were all set
to do it at 399.
1765
01:20:44,665 --> 01:20:46,667
Trip: I think Nintendo probably thought to themselves,
1766
01:20:46,711 --> 01:20:49,235
well, shoot, if they want to be
really aggressive,
1767
01:20:49,279 --> 01:20:52,499
they'll offer it at 399,
but that's still too high.
1768
01:20:52,543 --> 01:20:54,806
- We agitated
for a long period of time
1769
01:20:54,850 --> 01:20:56,764
that it needed to be
a lower price point
1770
01:20:56,808 --> 01:20:59,680
right up until the day
of the announcement.
1771
01:20:59,724 --> 01:21:01,508
Trip: I was there in the room
1772
01:21:01,552 --> 01:21:03,815
when the PlayStation
was introduced.
1773
01:21:03,859 --> 01:21:05,904
- I'm going to ask
1774
01:21:05,948 --> 01:21:07,863
Sony Computer
Entertainment
President
of America,
1775
01:21:07,906 --> 01:21:12,476
Steve Race to
join me for
a brief
presentation.
1776
01:21:12,519 --> 01:21:15,653
[applause]
1777
01:21:15,696 --> 01:21:18,351
- I had a speech prepared
1778
01:21:18,395 --> 01:21:21,224
but I threw it away
and just said...
1779
01:21:21,267 --> 01:21:22,921
299.
1780
01:21:22,965 --> 01:21:25,793
[applause and cheers]
1781
01:21:27,839 --> 01:21:31,712
Trip: He said, 299,
and there was a gasp.
1782
01:21:31,756 --> 01:21:33,149
- And that was
the shortest speech
1783
01:21:33,192 --> 01:21:36,021
in the history
of Western business, I think.
1784
01:21:36,065 --> 01:21:37,849
- Oh, [bleep].
[laughs]
1785
01:21:37,893 --> 01:21:39,285
Oh, [bleep].
1786
01:21:39,329 --> 01:21:40,547
- We wanted them to say,
oh, [bleep].
1787
01:21:40,591 --> 01:21:41,897
We wanted them to know
they're in trouble,
1788
01:21:41,940 --> 01:21:43,246
that we're here to play.
1789
01:21:43,289 --> 01:21:46,423
- We never saw a price point
like that coming.
1790
01:21:46,466 --> 01:21:48,338
There was panic in the office.
1791
01:21:48,381 --> 01:21:49,469
- No!
1792
01:21:49,513 --> 01:21:51,515
- We knew we were
in for a battle.
1793
01:21:51,558 --> 01:21:54,344
- They changed the whole
nature of the business.
1794
01:21:54,387 --> 01:21:56,520
Sony ends up being
a real disruptor.
1795
01:21:56,563 --> 01:22:00,263
- Sony eliminated Sega
from being a hardware competitor
1796
01:22:00,306 --> 01:22:02,918
and it marginalized Nintendo.
1797
01:22:02,961 --> 01:22:05,094
Man In Sony Commercial: Hey, plumber boy, mustache man,
1798
01:22:05,137 --> 01:22:07,357
your worst nightmare
has arrived.
1799
01:22:07,400 --> 01:22:09,228
I got a little surprise
for you here!
1800
01:22:09,272 --> 01:22:12,623
3D, lush organic environments.
1801
01:22:12,666 --> 01:22:14,103
How's that make you feel, buddy?
1802
01:22:14,146 --> 01:22:16,975
Feel a little like
your days are numbered?
1803
01:22:17,019 --> 01:22:19,282
- Nintendo kind of
bumped along the bottom
1804
01:22:19,325 --> 01:22:21,240
for a number of years.
1805
01:22:21,284 --> 01:22:24,461
- Nintendo was eventually
able to come back and fight.
1806
01:22:24,504 --> 01:22:26,811
But, for Sega, it was the end.
1807
01:22:26,854 --> 01:22:30,380
Shinobu: Sega fought
very fiercely, of course,
1808
01:22:30,423 --> 01:22:32,512
we can't give up,
but eventually,
1809
01:22:32,556 --> 01:22:34,166
our loss was very obvious.
1810
01:22:34,210 --> 01:22:37,561
- It was the death knell
of Sega.
1811
01:22:37,604 --> 01:22:41,347
- The decisions started to
revert back to Japan
1812
01:22:41,391 --> 01:22:43,523
and I was being ordered
to do things
1813
01:22:43,567 --> 01:22:45,351
that I didn't agree with,
1814
01:22:45,395 --> 01:22:48,354
and I was tired of not being
able to make my own decisions
1815
01:22:48,398 --> 01:22:51,096
for Sega America,
and about that time,
1816
01:22:51,140 --> 01:22:52,793
I resigned from Sega.
1817
01:22:55,622 --> 01:22:57,624
Howard: When I heard
that Tom had retired,
1818
01:22:57,668 --> 01:23:00,714
I sent him a letter.
1819
01:23:00,758 --> 01:23:02,673
- "Dear Tom,
I was saddened to learn
1820
01:23:02,716 --> 01:23:04,327
that you are leaving Sega."
1821
01:23:04,370 --> 01:23:06,938
- "You've done a great job
over the last 6 years..."
1822
01:23:06,982 --> 01:23:09,462
Both Together: "...dramatically
increasing Sega's market share,
1823
01:23:09,506 --> 01:23:11,073
at our expense."
1824
01:23:11,116 --> 01:23:12,900
- "Let me wish you
the very best of luck
1825
01:23:12,944 --> 01:23:14,685
in your new venture."
1826
01:23:14,728 --> 01:23:17,427
- "All my best,
Sincerely, Howard Lincoln,
1827
01:23:17,470 --> 01:23:20,082
Chairman,
Nintendo of America."
1828
01:23:20,125 --> 01:23:22,127
- I was really touched
by this letter.
1829
01:23:22,171 --> 01:23:25,087
- I felt it was
the appropriate message
1830
01:23:25,130 --> 01:23:27,785
to send to a worthy competitor.
1831
01:23:27,828 --> 01:23:29,656
I never considered it personal.
1832
01:23:29,700 --> 01:23:32,181
It was just a great fight
between two companies.
1833
01:23:32,224 --> 01:23:35,575
Hats off to Tom Kalinske,
he did a great job,
1834
01:23:35,619 --> 01:23:37,360
it was a great fight.
1835
01:23:37,403 --> 01:23:40,754
At the end of the day,
we had better games
1836
01:23:40,798 --> 01:23:42,408
and deeper pockets.
1837
01:23:45,890 --> 01:23:47,892
Mark:
It's incredible to think
1838
01:23:47,935 --> 01:23:50,547
that Ralph Baer toiled away
in his basement,
1839
01:23:50,590 --> 01:23:53,071
and his intent was not
to be in record books.
1840
01:23:53,115 --> 01:23:54,855
He just wanted to build
something cool.
1841
01:23:54,899 --> 01:23:56,248
He just wanted to have fun,
1842
01:23:56,292 --> 01:23:59,034
and it turned out
to be something.
1843
01:23:59,077 --> 01:24:01,558
Ralph was not recognized
for a long time,
1844
01:24:01,601 --> 01:24:03,690
but his idea has blossomed
1845
01:24:03,734 --> 01:24:06,693
into a hundred billion
dollar industry.
1846
01:24:06,737 --> 01:24:09,087
Why would you not be happy
about that?
1847
01:24:09,131 --> 01:24:10,132
Ralph Baer: There's
a horizontal knob here
1848
01:24:10,175 --> 01:24:11,785
as you can see.
1849
01:24:11,829 --> 01:24:12,873
Trip:
When you're doing something
1850
01:24:12,917 --> 01:24:15,093
truly out of passion,
1851
01:24:15,137 --> 01:24:19,489
purely driven by your desire
and your sincere belief
1852
01:24:19,532 --> 01:24:22,666
in a dream,
and you don't really know yet
1853
01:24:22,709 --> 01:24:24,189
what's gonna happen,
1854
01:24:24,233 --> 01:24:27,018
and then it works, there's just no better feeling.
1855
01:24:28,367 --> 01:24:30,065
David: Now there are
millions of people
1856
01:24:30,108 --> 01:24:31,675
working in the video game
business,
1857
01:24:31,718 --> 01:24:35,679
and I'm proud of the fact
that we created an industry.
1858
01:24:35,722 --> 01:24:38,725
Nancy: Everybody was creating
something brand new.
1859
01:24:38,769 --> 01:24:40,075
It was the future.
1860
01:24:40,118 --> 01:24:43,730
And so,
you just felt it in the air.
1861
01:24:43,774 --> 01:24:47,299
It was, you know, Camelot.
1862
01:24:47,343 --> 01:24:50,041
Tom: We had real entrepreneurs, real entrepreneurial people
1863
01:24:50,085 --> 01:24:52,435
looking for
the next great thing
1864
01:24:52,478 --> 01:24:56,352
and really pushing the envelope
in game development.
1865
01:24:56,395 --> 01:24:59,572
Nolan's day
was really the wild west.
1866
01:25:01,226 --> 01:25:03,446
Nancy: Nolan likes to say
that he doesn't spend his life
1867
01:25:03,489 --> 01:25:05,839
looking in
the rear view mirror.
1868
01:25:05,883 --> 01:25:08,364
Nolan: Thinking about
how sad I am over Atari
1869
01:25:08,407 --> 01:25:11,062
being screwed up by idiots
is not nearly as important
1870
01:25:11,106 --> 01:25:13,847
as new innovative product.
1871
01:25:13,891 --> 01:25:17,286
Ideas are actually
the cheap part.
1872
01:25:17,329 --> 01:25:20,680
Any idiot who's ever had
a shower's had a good idea.
1873
01:25:20,724 --> 01:25:23,379
It's the people that get out
and work on it that matter.
1874
01:25:25,076 --> 01:25:29,602
I believe the best life is
when you work hard, play hard.
1875
01:25:29,646 --> 01:25:33,432
Whatever you do,
do it with the volume turned up.
1876
01:25:33,476 --> 01:25:36,000
[laughs]
140304
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