Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:07,039
so um let's start the recording as well
2
00:00:03,439 --> 00:00:08,879
okay let's get started hello everyone
3
00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:10,879
and welcome to the second escarsa
4
00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:11,920
webinar on earthquakes and traditional
5
00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,160
construction
6
00:00:11,919 --> 00:00:15,919
my name is tim michiels and i am a
7
00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:17,039
structural engineer at old structures
8
00:00:15,919 --> 00:00:18,960
engineering in new york
9
00:00:17,039 --> 00:00:20,240
and an adjunct professor at columbia
10
00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:24,640
university
11
00:00:20,239 --> 00:00:24,640
today's webinar is brought to you by
12
00:00:25,039 --> 00:00:30,560
there we go by iskarsa
13
00:00:29,039 --> 00:00:32,079
or the international scientific
14
00:00:30,559 --> 00:00:33,600
committee on the analysis and
15
00:00:32,079 --> 00:00:36,719
restoration of structures of
16
00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,719
architectural heritage
17
00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:42,000
while more people join i want to briefly
18
00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:43,439
introduce our scientific committee
19
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:45,600
we are an international group of
20
00:00:43,439 --> 00:00:48,640
engineers scientists and educators
21
00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:49,520
dedicated to the restoration and care of
22
00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:51,520
build heritage
23
00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:53,520
we focus on the structural and technical
24
00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:54,640
aspects of conservation of architectural
25
00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,520
heritage
26
00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:58,799
we have an elected board our president
27
00:00:57,520 --> 00:01:00,399
is gorun arun
28
00:00:58,799 --> 00:01:02,000
and our secretary general is tom
29
00:01:00,399 --> 00:01:05,280
morrison he is
30
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:08,400
leading the discussion in the chat today
31
00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:10,000
the goals of escarsa are amongst others
32
00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:12,000
to disseminate knowledge
33
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:14,478
promote international cooperation and
34
00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:16,079
organize international training programs
35
00:01:14,478 --> 00:01:17,519
another goal is to collaborate with
36
00:01:16,079 --> 00:01:19,118
other scientific committees
37
00:01:17,519 --> 00:01:21,280
and we are happy to welcome members from
38
00:01:19,118 --> 00:01:24,239
a wide variety of icomos committees
39
00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:25,680
attending today in the past years
40
00:01:24,239 --> 00:01:27,199
iskarsa has published
41
00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:29,200
principles for the analysis of
42
00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:31,759
conservation and structural restoration
43
00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:34,000
of architectural heritage
44
00:01:31,759 --> 00:01:34,799
we publish newsletters and currently are
45
00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:36,959
developing
46
00:01:34,799 --> 00:01:40,000
guidelines for the analysis and
47
00:01:36,959 --> 00:01:42,478
restoration of heritage structures
48
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,118
pre-pandemic we were organizing yearly
49
00:01:42,478 --> 00:01:46,319
workshop
50
00:01:43,118 --> 00:01:50,239
the latest one was in um
51
00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:54,319
the latest ones were in korea turkey
52
00:01:50,239 --> 00:01:54,319
and the very latest one in iran
53
00:01:54,560 --> 00:02:00,399
you can reach us on iskarsa gmail.com
54
00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:02,880
follow us on facebook or find our
55
00:02:00,399 --> 00:02:02,879
website
56
00:02:03,438 --> 00:02:09,280
okay that brings us to our
57
00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:11,360
webinar on traditional construction and
58
00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:12,878
earthquakes
59
00:02:11,360 --> 00:02:14,400
in this webinar series we are
60
00:02:12,878 --> 00:02:16,318
highlighting traditional structures
61
00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:17,599
because these buildings are often seen
62
00:02:16,318 --> 00:02:20,159
as the most vulnerable
63
00:02:17,598 --> 00:02:21,759
to earthquakes often though these
64
00:02:20,159 --> 00:02:23,199
buildings have seismic mitigation
65
00:02:21,759 --> 00:02:24,959
strategies built in
66
00:02:23,199 --> 00:02:27,199
as part of their original construction
67
00:02:24,959 --> 00:02:29,280
or plastic there unfortunately
68
00:02:27,199 --> 00:02:31,359
the built-in knowledge has sometimes
69
00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:33,840
been lost or is misunderstood
70
00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:35,920
and thus as safekeepers of all buildings
71
00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:36,560
in earthquake areas we all grapple with
72
00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:39,280
the same
73
00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:41,439
question how do we ensure the life
74
00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:43,759
safety of the users of a building
75
00:02:41,439 --> 00:02:44,719
while also making sure that the building
76
00:02:43,759 --> 00:02:46,878
is preserved
77
00:02:44,719 --> 00:02:49,039
with all its valuable features for
78
00:02:46,878 --> 00:02:51,280
future generations
79
00:02:49,039 --> 00:02:53,120
sometimes engineers take a conservative
80
00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:54,400
approach that tries to maximize
81
00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:56,640
structural strength
82
00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:58,879
yet they go well beyond beyond what is
83
00:02:56,639 --> 00:03:01,598
actually needed to ensure life safety
84
00:02:58,878 --> 00:03:02,560
often this damages valuable elements of
85
00:03:01,598 --> 00:03:04,318
the building
86
00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:06,800
and those well-meaning interventions
87
00:03:04,318 --> 00:03:10,399
might paradoxic paradoxically in the end
88
00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:13,120
provide um or contribute to a building's
89
00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:14,879
destruction additionally the regulatory
90
00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:16,719
framework provided by building codes to
91
00:03:14,878 --> 00:03:19,598
properly deal with traditional buildings
92
00:03:16,719 --> 00:03:20,959
is often lacking thus we need to study
93
00:03:19,598 --> 00:03:22,318
learn and discuss traditional
94
00:03:20,959 --> 00:03:24,239
architecture and that's why
95
00:03:22,318 --> 00:03:26,079
why we are here today building
96
00:03:24,239 --> 00:03:28,239
technology in seismic regions has
97
00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:29,519
evolved over centuries leading to local
98
00:03:28,239 --> 00:03:31,519
seismic cultures
99
00:03:29,519 --> 00:03:33,120
today we have another five distinguished
100
00:03:31,519 --> 00:03:35,599
speakers who will discuss the local
101
00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:37,680
seismic cultures they work on
102
00:03:35,598 --> 00:03:38,878
we also hope to hear from you we look
103
00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:40,879
forward
104
00:03:38,878 --> 00:03:42,959
to taking your questions after all the
105
00:03:40,878 --> 00:03:43,280
presentations please feel free to post
106
00:03:42,959 --> 00:03:46,000
them
107
00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,400
in the q a section at any time you can
108
00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:48,318
also
109
00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,680
upvote questions that you would like to
110
00:03:48,318 --> 00:03:53,598
see answered from other people
111
00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:56,239
we would also already like to let you
112
00:03:53,598 --> 00:03:56,719
know that a third and final seminar on
113
00:03:56,239 --> 00:03:59,280
this
114
00:03:56,719 --> 00:04:00,158
topic is scheduled for thursday april
115
00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,598
14th
116
00:04:00,158 --> 00:04:03,919
and in that webinar we will have
117
00:04:01,598 --> 00:04:06,959
speakers talking about kashmir
118
00:04:03,919 --> 00:04:07,839
greece iran nepal and pakistan so mark
119
00:04:06,959 --> 00:04:11,280
your calendars
120
00:04:07,840 --> 00:04:13,039
for thursday april 14th
121
00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:14,878
then before handing over the floor to
122
00:04:13,039 --> 00:04:15,438
our speakers i would like to thank evan
123
00:04:14,878 --> 00:04:17,918
speer
124
00:04:15,438 --> 00:04:18,639
and tom morrison who are my co-hosts
125
00:04:17,918 --> 00:04:20,159
today
126
00:04:18,639 --> 00:04:21,840
i would also like to thank the other
127
00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:22,400
members of the organizing webinar
128
00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:24,799
committee
129
00:04:22,399 --> 00:04:26,159
steve kelly kai weisser goron arun
130
00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:29,840
krieger anjali you
131
00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:29,840
chula aquintudine
132
00:04:31,519 --> 00:04:35,519
finally i would like to thank all of you
133
00:04:33,680 --> 00:04:37,360
distinguished speakers for agreeing to
134
00:04:35,519 --> 00:04:41,120
share with your work with us
135
00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:44,400
today okay
136
00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:46,079
so then without any further ado
137
00:04:44,399 --> 00:04:47,839
i would like to introduce you to our
138
00:04:46,079 --> 00:04:49,259
first speaker stephen j
139
00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:50,959
kelly
140
00:04:49,259 --> 00:04:54,240
[Music]
141
00:04:50,959 --> 00:04:56,239
steve is an architect
142
00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:58,240
and engineer who has devoted these
143
00:04:56,240 --> 00:04:59,519
skills to the preservation of our build
144
00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,759
cultural heritage
145
00:04:59,519 --> 00:05:03,758
with 40 years of experience his projects
146
00:05:01,759 --> 00:05:06,000
range from small to immense
147
00:05:03,759 --> 00:05:08,400
simple to sophisticated and cover a wide
148
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:10,240
range of building materials and systems
149
00:05:08,399 --> 00:05:12,319
his projects are located throughout the
150
00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:15,519
us europe the middle east
151
00:05:12,319 --> 00:05:17,439
asia and north africa steve is a fellow
152
00:05:15,519 --> 00:05:18,959
of the american institute of architects
153
00:05:17,439 --> 00:05:21,360
the association of preservation
154
00:05:18,959 --> 00:05:23,680
technology and u.s icomos
155
00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:25,038
he is a unesco tangible heritage expert
156
00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:29,038
and is the former president
157
00:05:25,038 --> 00:05:32,560
of iskarsa serving from 2008 to 2014.
158
00:05:29,038 --> 00:05:33,439
steve welcome thank you very much i hope
159
00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:38,560
everybody can
160
00:05:33,439 --> 00:05:40,160
hear me okay and you can see my screen
161
00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:41,600
yes i've worked on large projects but
162
00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:43,439
i'm going to talk on i'm going to talk
163
00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:45,680
about some of my smaller and
164
00:05:43,439 --> 00:05:46,560
and very interesting projects that i've
165
00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:49,280
done i've
166
00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:51,038
called this presentation this morning
167
00:05:49,279 --> 00:05:52,159
full of two regions that's a that's a
168
00:05:51,038 --> 00:05:55,360
take off on
169
00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:57,919
a tale of two cities of a
170
00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:58,960
well-known novel but today i'm going to
171
00:05:57,918 --> 00:06:02,478
talk about haiti
172
00:05:58,959 --> 00:06:05,120
and bhutan um
173
00:06:02,478 --> 00:06:06,800
also i wanted to shout out to the world
174
00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:08,959
monument
175
00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:10,720
can you put your presentation full
176
00:06:08,959 --> 00:06:13,359
screen please
177
00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:14,000
oh you can't see it yes i can see it but
178
00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:21,840
go to
179
00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:24,319
window or view and then full screen
180
00:06:21,839 --> 00:06:24,318
review
181
00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,960
full screen mode
182
00:06:30,319 --> 00:06:35,120
thank you very much thank you very much
183
00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:37,199
i wanted to give a shout out to the
184
00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:39,120
world monuments fund
185
00:06:37,199 --> 00:06:40,800
because many of the projects two of the
186
00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:42,478
projects i'm talking about i did through
187
00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:44,000
the world monument is fun but the first
188
00:06:42,478 --> 00:06:48,240
area that we're going to speak
189
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:52,399
about is the island nation of haiti
190
00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:55,280
haiti shares uh the island of hispaniola
191
00:06:52,399 --> 00:06:55,598
with dominican republic you can see this
192
00:06:55,279 --> 00:06:58,239
is
193
00:06:55,598 --> 00:06:59,360
this is my country the united states
194
00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:02,079
cuba
195
00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:03,439
mexico over here and the south american
196
00:07:02,079 --> 00:07:07,038
continent
197
00:07:03,439 --> 00:07:10,639
and talking about projects in
198
00:07:07,038 --> 00:07:14,318
port-au-prince the capital of haiti
199
00:07:10,639 --> 00:07:18,079
haiti has a very interesting history
200
00:07:14,319 --> 00:07:19,039
the the european the europeans landed on
201
00:07:18,079 --> 00:07:22,079
the island
202
00:07:19,038 --> 00:07:23,038
in the uh in the 17th century they
203
00:07:22,079 --> 00:07:26,639
enslaved
204
00:07:23,038 --> 00:07:27,360
the uh taino population it turned out
205
00:07:26,639 --> 00:07:31,519
that the
206
00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:34,560
the indigenous people there
207
00:07:31,519 --> 00:07:37,279
were not very hardy as slaves
208
00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:37,680
and they were decimated and that was
209
00:07:37,279 --> 00:07:40,239
when
210
00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:42,160
the uh the slave trade started from the
211
00:07:40,240 --> 00:07:46,000
west coast of africa
212
00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:48,000
down here um uh enslaved people were
213
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:51,360
brought from the west coast of africa
214
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:52,879
and at a time it was like 10 enslaved
215
00:07:51,360 --> 00:07:56,160
people to one
216
00:07:52,879 --> 00:07:59,199
colonist the interesting thing
217
00:07:56,160 --> 00:08:03,599
that happened in um in haiti however
218
00:07:59,199 --> 00:08:06,960
is they had a successful slave rebellion
219
00:08:03,598 --> 00:08:09,839
that happened in 1799
220
00:08:06,959 --> 00:08:10,959
and um and this is this is a very
221
00:08:09,839 --> 00:08:12,799
important
222
00:08:10,959 --> 00:08:14,478
part of the character of the people in
223
00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:17,680
that island is that they
224
00:08:14,478 --> 00:08:18,800
they they've had their freedom for a few
225
00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:20,800
hundred years
226
00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:23,038
it's a very interesting place but we're
227
00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:25,680
going to be talking about the earthquake
228
00:08:23,038 --> 00:08:26,800
and aftermath of the earthquake which
229
00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:31,598
occurred
230
00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:34,879
in uh in january of 2010 it was a 7.0
231
00:08:31,598 --> 00:08:36,559
magnitude earthquake that killed between
232
00:08:34,879 --> 00:08:38,958
two and three hundred thousand people
233
00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:42,559
and left three million homeless
234
00:08:38,958 --> 00:08:45,278
um it was a humanitarian disaster um
235
00:08:42,559 --> 00:08:45,759
we first went there as a world monuments
236
00:08:45,278 --> 00:08:49,120
fund
237
00:08:45,759 --> 00:08:52,879
group um in april of
238
00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:54,720
2010 and uh i've i've been back to the
239
00:08:52,879 --> 00:08:57,039
island
240
00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,160
more than ten times the last time
241
00:08:57,039 --> 00:09:00,319
actually um
242
00:08:58,159 --> 00:09:02,719
just about a year ago right before the
243
00:09:00,320 --> 00:09:04,640
pandemic hit
244
00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:06,240
so what i'm going to talk about is the
245
00:09:04,639 --> 00:09:08,559
gingerbread houses
246
00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:11,278
of port-au-prince and when we went in
247
00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:14,159
2010 there were about 300
248
00:09:11,278 --> 00:09:18,320
gingerbread houses they were all built
249
00:09:14,159 --> 00:09:21,600
from the 1880s to the 1920s
250
00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:22,000
there we looked at about 200 of them and
251
00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:25,839
there
252
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,839
are about 150 remaining
253
00:09:25,919 --> 00:09:31,039
the construction types that are well
254
00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:36,320
known for haitian gingerbread houses are
255
00:09:31,039 --> 00:09:40,079
number one uh timber frame or pandubois
256
00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:44,240
waddle and dab or columbage and
257
00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:46,639
unreinforced masonry bearing walls
258
00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:48,720
the mortar that's used is a mixture of
259
00:09:46,639 --> 00:09:52,080
clay and lime
260
00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:53,040
and um and the wood was um the wood was
261
00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:56,560
locally
262
00:09:53,039 --> 00:09:58,719
uh harvested and so the first part the
263
00:09:56,559 --> 00:10:00,239
timber frame i think that many of you
264
00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:02,720
are familiar with this type of
265
00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:04,720
construction this is a this is a wood
266
00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:06,720
construction that has a brace frame in
267
00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:08,720
it
268
00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:10,320
and there's an example of a gingerbread
269
00:10:08,720 --> 00:10:14,720
house with uh
270
00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:17,600
with uh made mostly from timber frame
271
00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:19,278
and then there's the columbage or waddle
272
00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:21,440
this is a this is a timber frame
273
00:10:19,278 --> 00:10:25,919
building where the infill
274
00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:30,399
is filled with with either a rubble
275
00:10:25,919 --> 00:10:30,399
with stone or with brick
276
00:10:30,639 --> 00:10:34,720
and then the third time kind is the
277
00:10:33,039 --> 00:10:36,958
unreinforced masonry
278
00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:38,000
and as you can imagine the unreinforced
279
00:10:36,958 --> 00:10:41,919
masonry
280
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:46,720
did not do as well during the earthquake
281
00:10:41,919 --> 00:10:48,159
as the pandubois or the colombage
282
00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:51,200
and this is an example of some of the
283
00:10:48,159 --> 00:10:53,919
larger buildings and many of them
284
00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:54,800
strictly out of um masonry are still
285
00:10:53,919 --> 00:10:57,519
standing as
286
00:10:54,799 --> 00:11:00,240
wrecks and they have not been they have
287
00:10:57,519 --> 00:11:02,320
not been restored
288
00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:03,519
an interesting aspect of this is that
289
00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,278
you don't see
290
00:11:03,519 --> 00:11:07,120
these three distinct types they're all
291
00:11:05,278 --> 00:11:07,919
mixed together this is a good example
292
00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,360
with this
293
00:11:07,919 --> 00:11:11,120
particular building that has an
294
00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:14,639
unreinforced masonry
295
00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:16,320
first level the second level is columbus
296
00:11:14,639 --> 00:11:19,519
in the third level
297
00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:20,879
is brace frame and of course i have to
298
00:11:19,519 --> 00:11:24,159
mention that
299
00:11:20,879 --> 00:11:27,120
after 1925 when wood construction was
300
00:11:24,159 --> 00:11:28,719
banned in port-au-prince there were a
301
00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:32,320
lot of uh
302
00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:34,079
either concrete block or reinforced
303
00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:36,959
masonry structures that were built
304
00:11:34,078 --> 00:11:38,159
um next to as an addition to many of
305
00:11:36,958 --> 00:11:40,639
these buildings
306
00:11:38,159 --> 00:11:42,078
these uh these building forms did not
307
00:11:40,639 --> 00:11:44,240
work well together
308
00:11:42,078 --> 00:11:45,919
and that was some of the things that we
309
00:11:44,240 --> 00:11:46,720
saw when we were doing our first
310
00:11:45,919 --> 00:11:48,078
assessment
311
00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:50,320
but that's going to be a talk for
312
00:11:48,078 --> 00:11:52,159
another time
313
00:11:50,320 --> 00:11:53,519
because this morning i'm going to talk
314
00:11:52,159 --> 00:11:56,719
about two buildings
315
00:11:53,519 --> 00:12:00,320
um in uh in port-au-prince one
316
00:11:56,720 --> 00:12:02,879
is the meson du four which we first
317
00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:05,680
visited in 2010
318
00:12:02,879 --> 00:12:07,200
this is a photograph of it maybe a year
319
00:12:05,679 --> 00:12:08,799
after the earthquake
320
00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:10,240
but the interesting thing that we saw
321
00:12:08,799 --> 00:12:12,159
with this particular building
322
00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:14,079
is the first floor which was
323
00:12:12,159 --> 00:12:17,120
unreinforced masonry
324
00:12:14,078 --> 00:12:20,239
was entirely destroyed
325
00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:22,320
and you can see the the condition we
326
00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:23,278
were able to go up those stairs very
327
00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:25,760
carefully
328
00:12:23,278 --> 00:12:26,639
and we found that the second floor was
329
00:12:25,759 --> 00:12:29,759
in
330
00:12:26,639 --> 00:12:29,759
was in fair condition
331
00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:35,200
and i'm going to have to give a shout
332
00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:36,079
out to our colleague randolph langenbach
333
00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:39,200
who we were with
334
00:12:36,078 --> 00:12:40,799
and randolph was the person who noted
335
00:12:39,200 --> 00:12:44,879
that we had these
336
00:12:40,799 --> 00:12:47,278
horizontal metal ties
337
00:12:44,879 --> 00:12:48,320
in just about all of these unreinforced
338
00:12:47,278 --> 00:12:51,679
masonry
339
00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:52,000
gingerbread houses that we saw and they
340
00:12:51,679 --> 00:12:54,638
had
341
00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:56,078
these wonderful floor delete patterns
342
00:12:54,639 --> 00:12:57,440
where they came outside the outside of
343
00:12:56,078 --> 00:13:00,638
the building
344
00:12:57,440 --> 00:13:02,560
and at the uh this here
345
00:13:00,639 --> 00:13:04,000
is from the meson du four and this is
346
00:13:02,559 --> 00:13:06,479
one of the reasons why the maison de
347
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:09,200
ford didn't entirely collapse
348
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:11,200
is because these masonry ties were
349
00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:13,040
holding up these corner piers
350
00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:14,720
if these corner piers had collapsed the
351
00:13:13,039 --> 00:13:15,838
building would have just fallen onto the
352
00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:19,920
ground
353
00:13:15,839 --> 00:13:20,320
and so randolph came up with this idea
354
00:13:19,919 --> 00:13:23,439
that
355
00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:24,959
since some labor was fairly inexpensive
356
00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:26,880
in haiti then what we should do is we
357
00:13:24,958 --> 00:13:30,319
should hold up the second floor
358
00:13:26,879 --> 00:13:32,399
with with uh with emergency shoring
359
00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:34,240
and then reconstruct the first floor
360
00:13:32,399 --> 00:13:36,399
unreinforced masonry
361
00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:38,799
and we came up with this idea of putting
362
00:13:36,399 --> 00:13:40,240
in new horizontal ties
363
00:13:38,799 --> 00:13:42,240
although we were going to put in many
364
00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:43,680
more horizontal ties we made them out of
365
00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:46,320
stainless steel
366
00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:48,479
and here is a stainless steel plate that
367
00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:51,519
we had fabricated in miami
368
00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:52,560
we cut it using lasers and you can see
369
00:13:51,519 --> 00:13:54,720
that this is a
370
00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:56,078
this was about the same size as that
371
00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,480
you'll be able to see some of those
372
00:13:56,078 --> 00:14:00,958
where we put them in
373
00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:03,278
so we came up with this scheme to hold
374
00:14:00,958 --> 00:14:05,679
the second floor in place
375
00:14:03,278 --> 00:14:07,838
and we worked with our partners the ins
376
00:14:05,679 --> 00:14:11,120
institute to petra manuel
377
00:14:07,839 --> 00:14:12,880
which is out of um out of belgium the
378
00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:16,240
southern part of belgium
379
00:14:12,879 --> 00:14:16,799
and uh that they were they were mason
380
00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:19,919
jars
381
00:14:16,799 --> 00:14:21,759
and sharpened chairs and they came in
382
00:14:19,919 --> 00:14:23,439
and they were working with the drawings
383
00:14:21,759 --> 00:14:27,519
that we were providing
384
00:14:23,440 --> 00:14:29,760
with our local architectural partner
385
00:14:27,519 --> 00:14:30,959
and this the idea that we came up with
386
00:14:29,759 --> 00:14:34,278
now you can see that
387
00:14:30,958 --> 00:14:37,759
this is a this is a drawing of the
388
00:14:34,278 --> 00:14:39,679
reconstructed first floor walls
389
00:14:37,759 --> 00:14:41,360
and here we're adding in these
390
00:14:39,679 --> 00:14:42,958
horizontal ties
391
00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:44,959
and instead of just putting one in at
392
00:14:42,958 --> 00:14:48,799
the top we put in one
393
00:14:44,958 --> 00:14:50,559
two three four layers of them
394
00:14:48,799 --> 00:14:51,838
and the second layer actually goes
395
00:14:50,559 --> 00:14:53,919
through the
396
00:14:51,839 --> 00:14:56,800
through the spring point of the arches
397
00:14:53,919 --> 00:14:56,799
of the first floor
398
00:14:57,198 --> 00:15:01,359
of course it takes a village to do this
399
00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:02,070
type of project so you can see in this
400
00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:04,320
photograph
401
00:15:02,070 --> 00:15:07,760
[Music]
402
00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:11,278
haitian workers and architects um
403
00:15:07,759 --> 00:15:13,278
uh partners from belgium and france
404
00:15:11,278 --> 00:15:15,198
and from the united states and we were
405
00:15:13,278 --> 00:15:16,320
all working together on this particular
406
00:15:15,198 --> 00:15:19,439
project
407
00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:22,160
and here is the building with
408
00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:24,160
the first floor removed and the second
409
00:15:22,159 --> 00:15:24,799
floor held in place it was not moved it
410
00:15:24,159 --> 00:15:27,838
was
411
00:15:24,799 --> 00:15:29,039
left employed we had to do some
412
00:15:27,839 --> 00:15:31,279
we had to do some work on the
413
00:15:29,039 --> 00:15:33,439
foundations which i will show you
414
00:15:31,278 --> 00:15:35,039
there was there was plenty of brick to
415
00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:38,720
be salvaged you can see
416
00:15:35,039 --> 00:15:41,120
piles of foreground that the um
417
00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:43,120
that our our local counterpart was
418
00:15:41,120 --> 00:15:47,519
purchasing and having it delivered
419
00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:49,600
onto the site here is the foundation
420
00:15:47,519 --> 00:15:52,240
system this is the only place where
421
00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:53,600
we introduced reinforced concrete into
422
00:15:52,240 --> 00:15:56,879
the project
423
00:15:53,600 --> 00:16:00,079
we uh the the original foundations are
424
00:15:56,879 --> 00:16:03,600
rubble stone laid in uh
425
00:16:00,078 --> 00:16:07,120
laden clay and we poured
426
00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:08,240
a grade beam on top of the foundation
427
00:16:07,120 --> 00:16:11,278
system but below
428
00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:12,639
grade and that this is what we use as a
429
00:16:11,278 --> 00:16:16,078
basis to
430
00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:16,959
to erect the new um the new masonry
431
00:16:16,078 --> 00:16:20,078
walls
432
00:16:16,958 --> 00:16:22,159
um the photograph of this gentleman here
433
00:16:20,078 --> 00:16:25,198
this is patrick lacroix from the
434
00:16:22,159 --> 00:16:27,039
institute to petra manuel he was our
435
00:16:25,198 --> 00:16:30,078
he was our mason and he was actually
436
00:16:27,039 --> 00:16:33,039
doing a capacity building exercise
437
00:16:30,078 --> 00:16:33,919
teaching local masons how to use how to
438
00:16:33,039 --> 00:16:35,838
work with lime
439
00:16:33,919 --> 00:16:37,679
mortars so we put the whole thing up
440
00:16:35,839 --> 00:16:41,120
with lime water here you can see
441
00:16:37,679 --> 00:16:43,838
the walls almost being erected
442
00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:47,120
and if you look here you can see the
443
00:16:43,839 --> 00:16:47,120
florida leaf pattern
444
00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:55,839
and here is the here here are the walls
445
00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:56,720
ready to receive the second floor um i
446
00:16:55,839 --> 00:17:00,639
wanted to run
447
00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:04,000
these horizontal uh stainless steel uh
448
00:17:00,639 --> 00:17:06,558
ties through all of these uh through all
449
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:09,679
of these harsh spring points but uh
450
00:17:06,558 --> 00:17:11,519
madame pierre louis would not have it
451
00:17:09,679 --> 00:17:13,839
she uh she agreed that i could do it in
452
00:17:11,519 --> 00:17:15,838
one area i always like to show
453
00:17:13,838 --> 00:17:17,678
what the intervention is and she was she
454
00:17:15,838 --> 00:17:20,720
allowed us to do it in this
455
00:17:17,679 --> 00:17:22,480
one particular area
456
00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:23,919
and so this is what the building looks
457
00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:27,199
like
458
00:17:23,919 --> 00:17:28,000
fully restored this is during one of my
459
00:17:27,199 --> 00:17:31,038
visits
460
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:34,160
on another project in 2017
461
00:17:31,038 --> 00:17:37,919
and this has become an art gallery and a
462
00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:41,120
venue for um music and
463
00:17:37,919 --> 00:17:43,280
art performances and you can see that we
464
00:17:41,119 --> 00:17:47,279
were able to develop this very
465
00:17:43,279 --> 00:17:48,879
open atmosphere um by the way this uh
466
00:17:47,279 --> 00:17:52,558
this building was built
467
00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:56,480
by haitian architects who were trained
468
00:17:52,558 --> 00:17:59,038
in paris because haiti though it had its
469
00:17:56,480 --> 00:18:01,038
independence
470
00:17:59,038 --> 00:18:02,720
people who were going to the university
471
00:18:01,038 --> 00:18:03,919
many of them went and they studied in
472
00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:06,720
paris so this was
473
00:18:03,919 --> 00:18:07,038
this was designed by a haitian architect
474
00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:09,679
the
475
00:18:07,038 --> 00:18:10,879
the forums are very um french and
476
00:18:09,679 --> 00:18:13,679
european
477
00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:15,120
however the forms have been adapted for
478
00:18:13,679 --> 00:18:17,600
the caribbean
479
00:18:15,119 --> 00:18:19,599
in that the entire first floor there are
480
00:18:17,599 --> 00:18:22,159
no windows or doorways on
481
00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:23,759
all around on the first floor and the
482
00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:25,759
second floor has these large
483
00:18:23,759 --> 00:18:27,599
windows that have got uh they've got
484
00:18:25,759 --> 00:18:30,400
shutters on them so they can
485
00:18:27,599 --> 00:18:31,678
promote uh they can promote ventilation
486
00:18:30,400 --> 00:18:33,840
through the entire
487
00:18:31,679 --> 00:18:36,559
building and these uh these buildings
488
00:18:33,839 --> 00:18:40,079
are extremely comfortable to be in
489
00:18:36,558 --> 00:18:44,160
uh on a on a caribbean hot
490
00:18:40,079 --> 00:18:47,199
caribbean day with a cool breeze
491
00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:49,759
these are some uh i pulled images off of
492
00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:50,240
facebook so i can see what they're doing
493
00:18:49,759 --> 00:18:52,400
at the
494
00:18:50,240 --> 00:18:54,839
meson before and this is they usually
495
00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:56,240
have um musical performance on the
496
00:18:54,839 --> 00:18:58,959
outside
497
00:18:56,240 --> 00:19:00,720
okay the second project i wanted to
498
00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:05,360
share with you
499
00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:09,279
is the mesonet this is a this is a later
500
00:19:05,359 --> 00:19:12,798
gingerbread house also designed by a
501
00:19:09,279 --> 00:19:16,960
by a haitian architect however
502
00:19:12,798 --> 00:19:16,960
in this particular example
503
00:19:18,079 --> 00:19:25,359
there has been a large two-story
504
00:19:21,679 --> 00:19:26,240
uh promenade that made out of reinforced
505
00:19:25,359 --> 00:19:27,918
concrete
506
00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:30,640
that has been built around the outside
507
00:19:27,919 --> 00:19:33,360
of it and um
508
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:35,440
in most cases something like this would
509
00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:36,558
have destroyed this particular building
510
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:38,160
but since
511
00:19:36,558 --> 00:19:40,960
the building is almost completely
512
00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:42,558
surrounded by uh concrete editions
513
00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:44,240
um it actually held the building in
514
00:19:42,558 --> 00:19:45,038
place by the way this photograph was
515
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:47,120
taken
516
00:19:45,038 --> 00:19:48,640
10 years after the earthquake so this is
517
00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:50,239
a recent project
518
00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:52,160
and when i was working on this building
519
00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:54,000
there were squatters on the inside of it
520
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,880
i had to i had to get to know the people
521
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,558
who were
522
00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:58,080
living there and some of the children
523
00:19:56,558 --> 00:20:00,399
were helping me with my
524
00:19:58,079 --> 00:20:01,439
analysis this is a photograph of the
525
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:03,038
inside of the building
526
00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:05,279
so this is this building has been
527
00:20:03,038 --> 00:20:08,319
standing for 10 years
528
00:20:05,279 --> 00:20:10,558
except being just being uh it's been
529
00:20:08,319 --> 00:20:12,158
rehabilitated
530
00:20:10,558 --> 00:20:14,158
you can see the openness of the
531
00:20:12,159 --> 00:20:16,720
atmosphere and the damage to the
532
00:20:14,159 --> 00:20:17,360
exterior walls this is an image from
533
00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:18,839
their prom
534
00:20:17,359 --> 00:20:21,279
[Music]
535
00:20:18,839 --> 00:20:23,199
front and to give you an idea
536
00:20:21,279 --> 00:20:24,879
of the way this building was constructed
537
00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:28,480
the walls in red
538
00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:31,360
are from the original structure
539
00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:33,599
those that are in uh that are post shade
540
00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:36,479
in pink
541
00:20:33,599 --> 00:20:36,959
are the reinforced concrete editions
542
00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:40,000
which
543
00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:42,240
um which i believe have helped
544
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:44,400
to hold this building together and for
545
00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:46,640
this particular project we took a little
546
00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:51,200
bit more of a
547
00:20:46,640 --> 00:20:51,919
of a well-known seismic rehabilitation
548
00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:54,880
technique
549
00:20:51,919 --> 00:20:56,640
we were picking areas where the masonry
550
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:59,679
walls were damaged and we were
551
00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:02,880
picking areas where we could put in a uh
552
00:20:59,679 --> 00:21:04,240
put in shear walls and so these were
553
00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:06,480
areas where we located
554
00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:07,359
shear walls the shear walls that are
555
00:21:06,480 --> 00:21:09,599
being put in
556
00:21:07,359 --> 00:21:10,558
are not made out of reinforced concrete
557
00:21:09,599 --> 00:21:14,240
they're made from
558
00:21:10,558 --> 00:21:17,678
confined masonry that is they put in
559
00:21:14,240 --> 00:21:19,679
a they put in a a a small
560
00:21:17,679 --> 00:21:21,840
column on either side of reinforced
561
00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:25,038
concrete and the interior
562
00:21:21,839 --> 00:21:28,720
is filled with um with masonry
563
00:21:25,038 --> 00:21:31,679
and so it's a it's a it's a it is a
564
00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:32,400
shear wall but it's not quite as rigid
565
00:21:31,679 --> 00:21:37,519
as a
566
00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:39,600
as a as a reinforced concrete shear wall
567
00:21:37,519 --> 00:21:41,038
and to give you an idea of what that
568
00:21:39,599 --> 00:21:42,558
type of thing looks like
569
00:21:41,038 --> 00:21:44,879
this is these are the types of
570
00:21:42,558 --> 00:21:47,119
interventions that they were doing
571
00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:47,919
my last visit there was almost a year
572
00:21:47,119 --> 00:21:50,239
ago it was
573
00:21:47,919 --> 00:21:51,440
my last international visit before the
574
00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:55,200
uh
575
00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:58,480
before the pandemic came and we were
576
00:21:55,200 --> 00:22:01,600
i was all i was worried about about
577
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:03,038
being able to leave the country
578
00:22:01,599 --> 00:22:04,639
and i've been able to follow what
579
00:22:03,038 --> 00:22:08,400
they're doing
580
00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:09,840
over social media second area i want to
581
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:12,880
talk about is bhutan
582
00:22:09,839 --> 00:22:15,839
bhutan is located between
583
00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:16,960
india and tibet which is now part of
584
00:22:15,839 --> 00:22:19,519
china so it's
585
00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:21,679
it's in this arc of the himalayas on the
586
00:22:19,519 --> 00:22:25,918
southern slope of the himalaya
587
00:22:21,679 --> 00:22:25,919
my project was located
588
00:22:26,558 --> 00:22:30,798
which is where their international uh uh
589
00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:33,038
airport is
590
00:22:30,798 --> 00:22:34,000
and i'm also going to talk briefly about
591
00:22:33,038 --> 00:22:36,240
the wang du
592
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:38,079
fa drang zong which is here so i was
593
00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,599
working these two areas here
594
00:22:38,079 --> 00:22:41,678
by the way for those of you who are able
595
00:22:39,599 --> 00:22:45,038
to join us during the first
596
00:22:41,679 --> 00:22:45,600
uh during the first webinar uh professor
597
00:22:45,038 --> 00:22:47,038
aaron
598
00:22:45,599 --> 00:22:49,359
and he talked about his work at the
599
00:22:47,038 --> 00:22:51,519
wengdoo federang song
600
00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:54,319
so the thing to know about bhutan is it
601
00:22:51,519 --> 00:22:57,279
is a agrarian society and they have no
602
00:22:54,319 --> 00:22:58,158
industry and if you want if you need
603
00:22:57,279 --> 00:23:01,839
wood
604
00:22:58,159 --> 00:23:05,120
then you have to arrange to have the
605
00:23:01,839 --> 00:23:07,759
the wood filled and they they
606
00:23:05,119 --> 00:23:09,759
mill the wood right on site and that's
607
00:23:07,759 --> 00:23:12,798
what this gentleman is doing he's
608
00:23:09,759 --> 00:23:15,839
milling the wood on site they
609
00:23:12,798 --> 00:23:17,918
use hand tools almost extensively almost
610
00:23:15,839 --> 00:23:22,000
exclusively
611
00:23:17,919 --> 00:23:24,400
and another aspect is this particular
612
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:25,839
of bhutan they use rammed earth
613
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:29,120
construction
614
00:23:25,839 --> 00:23:31,839
and they still use it a lot um
615
00:23:29,119 --> 00:23:32,558
this is a photograph of the dedication
616
00:23:31,839 --> 00:23:34,240
of
617
00:23:32,558 --> 00:23:36,079
building that's going up and obviously i
618
00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:36,798
think this woman is one of the one of
619
00:23:36,079 --> 00:23:39,918
the queens
620
00:23:36,798 --> 00:23:40,639
of bhutan but this is something that you
621
00:23:39,919 --> 00:23:43,440
will see
622
00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:44,720
uh pretty much uh everywhere as you're
623
00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:46,640
driving around
624
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:47,839
and here they put up the formwork on
625
00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:51,360
either side
626
00:23:47,839 --> 00:23:55,199
they normally lay a horizontal wood
627
00:23:51,359 --> 00:23:56,079
member within the uh within the rammed
628
00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,759
earth wall
629
00:23:56,079 --> 00:23:59,918
that's something that's important to
630
00:23:57,759 --> 00:24:02,000
remember in this talk
631
00:23:59,919 --> 00:24:03,278
and then the roof is actually separate
632
00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,960
from the rest of the building you see
633
00:24:03,278 --> 00:24:06,480
the roof is sitting on the building so
634
00:24:04,960 --> 00:24:09,519
during a seismic
635
00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:11,759
event roof is not going to
636
00:24:09,519 --> 00:24:12,798
be bringing a whole lot of mass to
637
00:24:11,759 --> 00:24:14,720
what's happening there
638
00:24:12,798 --> 00:24:16,079
because it's going to be be moving
639
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,839
separately
640
00:24:16,079 --> 00:24:19,678
so i'm going to talk about the sito
641
00:24:17,839 --> 00:24:22,879
gumpa
642
00:24:19,679 --> 00:24:26,000
this is a this is a monastery
643
00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:27,039
here is the uh here is the the temple
644
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,278
itself
645
00:24:27,038 --> 00:24:30,720
and the monks quarters on either side
646
00:24:29,278 --> 00:24:33,119
here you're looking at the mon
647
00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:36,319
you're looking at the temple straight on
648
00:24:33,119 --> 00:24:40,319
and here here is on the other side
649
00:24:36,319 --> 00:24:42,798
um the temple has these beautiful uh
650
00:24:40,319 --> 00:24:46,240
paintings on the inside that are painted
651
00:24:42,798 --> 00:24:49,359
that are placed on paper
652
00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:50,400
so this is what the the floor plan of
653
00:24:49,359 --> 00:24:52,959
the entire
654
00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:54,080
monastery was like and here is the
655
00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:57,120
temple
656
00:24:54,079 --> 00:24:58,000
the idea was to seismic rehabilitate the
657
00:24:57,119 --> 00:25:00,719
temple
658
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:02,400
and these uh these areas here were
659
00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:04,558
rehabilitated actually they were
660
00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:06,400
reconstructed they pulled them down and
661
00:25:04,558 --> 00:25:07,759
rebuilt them on site because you can do
662
00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:10,679
that with rammed earth
663
00:25:07,759 --> 00:25:12,158
one of the things we did was added a
664
00:25:10,679 --> 00:25:13,919
separate
665
00:25:12,159 --> 00:25:16,240
kitchen and dining room down here to
666
00:25:13,919 --> 00:25:19,679
complete the courtyard
667
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:21,278
because they had the the kitchen was on
668
00:25:19,679 --> 00:25:22,480
the second floor of this structure
669
00:25:21,278 --> 00:25:24,319
we were really worried that they were
670
00:25:22,480 --> 00:25:26,480
going to burn it down they have
671
00:25:24,319 --> 00:25:27,759
they have problems with fires here so
672
00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:30,079
this was the plan
673
00:25:27,759 --> 00:25:31,519
for the entire one these are some of my
674
00:25:30,079 --> 00:25:35,278
partners in crime
675
00:25:31,519 --> 00:25:37,759
uh chung dorji and karma wang chuk
676
00:25:35,278 --> 00:25:39,440
uh sonam tashi is not in this photograph
677
00:25:37,759 --> 00:25:40,000
although i hope he has called in this
678
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:44,240
morning
679
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:47,200
he is a shout out to sonam and uh
680
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,319
and karma and this was the idea that we
681
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:51,919
came up with
682
00:25:48,319 --> 00:25:53,519
for the temple um the temple did not
683
00:25:51,919 --> 00:25:55,600
have any horizontal
684
00:25:53,519 --> 00:25:58,400
members in it so we decided to introduce
685
00:25:55,599 --> 00:25:59,599
them we uh these walls are about one
686
00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:02,559
meter thick
687
00:25:59,599 --> 00:26:02,959
and so we were actually carving into the
688
00:26:02,558 --> 00:26:05,038
wall
689
00:26:02,960 --> 00:26:06,240
and we're putting these wood members on
690
00:26:05,038 --> 00:26:08,640
the outside
691
00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:09,519
and on the interior we are connecting
692
00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:12,720
them with
693
00:26:09,519 --> 00:26:15,119
with metal ties it was fairly easy to do
694
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:16,880
with this rammed earth construction and
695
00:26:15,119 --> 00:26:18,719
then we wanted to wrap the whole thing
696
00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:23,039
with a band
697
00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:26,798
and um beginning of the project we had a
698
00:26:23,038 --> 00:26:29,839
a long four-hour ceremony
699
00:26:26,798 --> 00:26:33,200
uh that included ritual dancing
700
00:26:29,839 --> 00:26:33,839
and a feast where all the villagers came
701
00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,319
in
702
00:26:33,839 --> 00:26:38,000
and then we went to work here's the
703
00:26:36,319 --> 00:26:40,480
inside of the temple
704
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:41,278
with all of the with all the paintings
705
00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:42,480
removed
706
00:26:41,278 --> 00:26:44,400
i believe those are some of the
707
00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:47,919
paintings there that are wrapped up
708
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:50,159
in the paper and so you can see now that
709
00:26:47,919 --> 00:26:52,480
a lot of this area has been
710
00:26:50,159 --> 00:26:54,480
reconstructed and here is a temple
711
00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:57,360
and here is where we're cutting in and
712
00:26:54,480 --> 00:27:00,079
we're we're installing the wood
713
00:26:57,359 --> 00:27:00,879
it's going in now and here is the entire
714
00:27:00,079 --> 00:27:03,439
uh
715
00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:04,000
group of people that were working on the
716
00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:07,038
on them
717
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:10,720
on the monument here's sonam and
718
00:27:07,038 --> 00:27:12,879
and here is my favorite plumber and
719
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:14,720
um and the entire group of villagers
720
00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:15,120
that were working on this we had to wait
721
00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:17,600
until
722
00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:20,879
we were off season because all of the
723
00:27:17,599 --> 00:27:24,319
villages are rice farmers
724
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:25,600
and the exterior of the of the temple
725
00:27:24,319 --> 00:27:27,359
you can see that
726
00:27:25,599 --> 00:27:29,278
and here's the last part where we're
727
00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:32,000
actually wrapping it with a
728
00:27:29,278 --> 00:27:34,079
polyethylene strap it's the same
729
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:37,839
material that is used for
730
00:27:34,079 --> 00:27:39,678
seat belts in a car then they were
731
00:27:37,839 --> 00:27:41,839
they were covered with the this is a
732
00:27:39,679 --> 00:27:42,720
clay purging on the outside everything
733
00:27:41,839 --> 00:27:45,519
is
734
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:46,000
everything is clay and you can see that
735
00:27:45,519 --> 00:27:49,679
we are
736
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:52,079
actually leaving the uh the strap
737
00:27:49,679 --> 00:27:54,240
exposed in these particular areas
738
00:27:52,079 --> 00:27:56,240
because we want people to be able to see
739
00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:59,120
what the actual intervention is and here
740
00:27:56,240 --> 00:28:02,399
we're finishing up this project
741
00:27:59,119 --> 00:28:05,439
the uh the paintings went back in place
742
00:28:02,398 --> 00:28:09,038
um the the uh the
743
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:13,440
ritual we had to dedicate the new uh
744
00:28:09,038 --> 00:28:14,240
the new temple and that's the completion
745
00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:17,919
of the
746
00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:20,720
of the sito gumpa monastery and
747
00:28:17,919 --> 00:28:22,080
in the last one minute i'm going to
748
00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:24,640
quickly show you
749
00:28:22,079 --> 00:28:26,558
the wangdufa during zong this is an
750
00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:30,640
administrative center
751
00:28:26,558 --> 00:28:34,879
that has um has a series of courtyards
752
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:36,640
and the important aspect here is this
753
00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:38,559
building here called the utsi you can
754
00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:40,720
see that you'd see here
755
00:28:38,558 --> 00:28:42,319
building unfortunately had a fire in
756
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:45,200
2013
757
00:28:42,319 --> 00:28:45,759
and it was um the interior was destroyed
758
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:49,038
in this
759
00:28:45,759 --> 00:28:53,278
particularly the utsi which is gone here
760
00:28:49,038 --> 00:28:56,158
and we were there in 2013 trying to
761
00:28:53,278 --> 00:28:58,240
uh tout uh traditional techniques for
762
00:28:56,159 --> 00:29:01,039
the seismic retrofit
763
00:28:58,240 --> 00:29:02,480
and professor mann talked a little bit
764
00:29:01,038 --> 00:29:04,798
about that but
765
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:07,519
what i wanted to share with you is that
766
00:29:04,798 --> 00:29:10,879
this particular otsi
767
00:29:07,519 --> 00:29:12,960
what they did is the swiss
768
00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:14,960
offered to give them the money to put in
769
00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:18,319
a base isolation system
770
00:29:14,960 --> 00:29:20,319
so the utc was completely reconstructed
771
00:29:18,319 --> 00:29:21,439
it's got a base isolation system
772
00:29:20,319 --> 00:29:24,798
underneath it
773
00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:25,440
i was allowed to um to visit this
774
00:29:24,798 --> 00:29:29,038
project
775
00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:31,038
during its uh during its reconstruction
776
00:29:29,038 --> 00:29:33,038
and i was also allowed to
777
00:29:31,038 --> 00:29:35,599
climb underneath you would see to see
778
00:29:33,038 --> 00:29:37,679
the base isolation system but it was
779
00:29:35,599 --> 00:29:39,359
not allowed to take any photographs i
780
00:29:37,679 --> 00:29:41,038
think it's the only base isolation
781
00:29:39,359 --> 00:29:43,678
system that was put in
782
00:29:41,038 --> 00:29:44,558
in the himalayas and so with that i'd
783
00:29:43,679 --> 00:29:48,240
like to say
784
00:29:44,558 --> 00:29:52,839
thank you and open the questions or
785
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:55,839
to go to the next speaker thank you very
786
00:29:52,839 --> 00:29:55,839
much
787
00:29:56,319 --> 00:30:00,079
you are you're muted tim
788
00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:06,320
thank you that always has to happen once
789
00:30:04,558 --> 00:30:08,879
during a webinar right so
790
00:30:06,319 --> 00:30:10,720
um all the rest is now on notice um
791
00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:11,278
thank you so much for your presentation
792
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:13,440
steve
793
00:30:11,278 --> 00:30:15,359
we will not go to questions just yet you
794
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:16,240
can post your questions in the q a or in
795
00:30:15,359 --> 00:30:18,719
the chat
796
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:19,599
also welcome to all the people who have
797
00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:22,640
just joined
798
00:30:19,599 --> 00:30:24,319
um i noticed some of you joined during
799
00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:26,320
steve's presentation feel free to
800
00:30:24,319 --> 00:30:27,359
introduce yourself in the chat we would
801
00:30:26,319 --> 00:30:30,079
like this to
802
00:30:27,359 --> 00:30:31,359
for this to be an active participation
803
00:30:30,079 --> 00:30:33,519
webinar
804
00:30:31,359 --> 00:30:35,278
and so we will move on to our next
805
00:30:33,519 --> 00:30:36,079
presentation which i'm personally very
806
00:30:35,278 --> 00:30:38,079
excited about
807
00:30:36,079 --> 00:30:39,759
because meredith hijazi is going to
808
00:30:38,079 --> 00:30:41,199
address one of my favorite traditional
809
00:30:39,759 --> 00:30:43,599
structures
810
00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:44,240
merdat is a professor of traditional
811
00:30:43,599 --> 00:30:46,398
structures
812
00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:47,919
in the faculty of civil engineering at
813
00:30:46,398 --> 00:30:50,959
the university of isfahan
814
00:30:47,919 --> 00:30:53,038
in iran he's an expert member of ikomas
815
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:55,519
iscarsa and the chief adviser to the
816
00:30:53,038 --> 00:30:57,919
iranian ministry of cultural heritage
817
00:30:55,519 --> 00:30:58,558
handicrafts and tourism he has been the
818
00:30:57,919 --> 00:31:00,799
director
819
00:30:58,558 --> 00:31:02,798
of structural restoration of a number of
820
00:31:00,798 --> 00:31:05,440
national and world heritage sites
821
00:31:02,798 --> 00:31:08,798
in iran he has published six books and
822
00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:10,720
more than 46 journal papers and 116
823
00:31:08,798 --> 00:31:12,079
conference papers mostly on
824
00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:19,839
architectural heritage
825
00:31:12,079 --> 00:31:19,839
welcome merdat
826
00:31:26,079 --> 00:31:32,639
uh thank you very much tim i hope you
827
00:31:29,278 --> 00:31:35,278
have my voice
828
00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:35,278
yes we do
829
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:40,558
the subject that i'm going to explain is
830
00:31:39,038 --> 00:31:43,599
about
831
00:31:40,558 --> 00:31:45,200
traditional construction techniques in
832
00:31:43,599 --> 00:31:49,359
perishier to mitigate
833
00:31:45,200 --> 00:31:52,558
earthquake effects and my case study
834
00:31:49,359 --> 00:31:52,558
is in pair space
835
00:31:54,079 --> 00:31:59,038
first i will give you a short
836
00:31:56,558 --> 00:32:00,240
introduction then we go to pairs police
837
00:31:59,038 --> 00:32:04,640
then we go
838
00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:07,919
to nearby ancient sites then we go
839
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:09,278
two or three hundred kilometers away to
840
00:32:07,919 --> 00:32:15,840
susa and
841
00:32:09,278 --> 00:32:15,839
again we return to paris valleys
842
00:32:17,278 --> 00:32:23,759
well if you had have a look at the
843
00:32:21,119 --> 00:32:26,079
uh at the map of the country at the
844
00:32:23,759 --> 00:32:26,079
moment
845
00:32:26,798 --> 00:32:35,119
but when you go for 25 centuries ago
846
00:32:32,079 --> 00:32:39,278
the first persian empire was so
847
00:32:35,119 --> 00:32:43,278
large and here
848
00:32:39,278 --> 00:32:47,119
a sousa and pairs for us
849
00:32:43,278 --> 00:32:50,640
where the capital of the empire
850
00:32:47,119 --> 00:32:51,678
i'm going to make a talk about the paris
851
00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:55,278
parish and then
852
00:32:51,679 --> 00:32:58,880
i go to pasargadi and then to susa
853
00:32:55,278 --> 00:33:03,759
to see what was the
854
00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:03,760
construction methods in that era
855
00:33:03,919 --> 00:33:11,519
if you have a look at the
856
00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:14,159
micro zonation of
857
00:33:11,519 --> 00:33:15,919
earthquake in iran you can see here that
858
00:33:14,159 --> 00:33:19,760
shiraz and also susa
859
00:33:15,919 --> 00:33:25,600
is located in a high
860
00:33:19,759 --> 00:33:29,200
risk zone for earthquake
861
00:33:25,599 --> 00:33:33,199
first let's have it look at pairs
862
00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:37,360
for this it's quite a huge
863
00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:40,720
site more than 120
864
00:33:37,359 --> 00:33:44,959
000 square meter the area
865
00:33:40,720 --> 00:33:48,720
and its construction took about
866
00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:51,600
100 years and this is what we
867
00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,600
see today
868
00:33:51,759 --> 00:33:55,759
as you can see the uh site is
869
00:33:54,558 --> 00:34:00,798
constructed
870
00:33:55,759 --> 00:34:04,240
on a high platform just adjacent to a
871
00:34:00,798 --> 00:34:07,359
mountain here and if we
872
00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:10,559
go back a few centuries ago say
873
00:34:07,359 --> 00:34:13,838
25 or 23 centuries ago this was the
874
00:34:10,559 --> 00:34:13,838
situation it had
875
00:34:15,119 --> 00:34:21,280
and it is very important that this
876
00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:21,838
site was not a governmental site but it
877
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:24,480
was
878
00:34:21,838 --> 00:34:25,279
a ritual site for celebrating the new
879
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:28,480
year
880
00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:31,519
which we call no rules in iran and it
881
00:34:28,480 --> 00:34:33,838
is on 21st of march
882
00:34:31,519 --> 00:34:35,440
since then still we have the stem
883
00:34:33,838 --> 00:34:37,440
ceremony and it's very important
884
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:40,079
ceremony for iranians
885
00:34:37,440 --> 00:34:40,878
to celebrate that therefore the paris
886
00:34:40,079 --> 00:34:44,960
police
887
00:34:40,878 --> 00:34:48,878
is very important to persians
888
00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:52,480
it's a situation at the moment
889
00:34:48,878 --> 00:34:56,639
these are the remaining of the site
890
00:34:52,480 --> 00:35:00,240
it is the word heritage site
891
00:34:56,639 --> 00:35:04,320
it is very well preserved
892
00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:06,559
and even there have been some um
893
00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:08,720
researches to the building to this site
894
00:35:06,559 --> 00:35:11,119
for example if you have a look at the
895
00:35:08,719 --> 00:35:11,759
clan you can find the golden proportion
896
00:35:11,119 --> 00:35:15,200
there
897
00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:18,079
it means that the design of the
898
00:35:15,199 --> 00:35:19,358
plan and other dimensions are based on
899
00:35:18,079 --> 00:35:23,920
some
900
00:35:19,358 --> 00:35:23,920
ratios mostly on golden ratio
901
00:35:25,599 --> 00:35:32,720
let's go to see how was the foundation
902
00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:34,239
built at that one as you can see the
903
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:39,039
foundation was built
904
00:35:34,239 --> 00:35:42,399
in several layers of stone as you see
905
00:35:39,039 --> 00:35:46,320
and these stones were connected with
906
00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:46,320
flexible metal connectors
907
00:35:47,039 --> 00:35:50,320
we see the same procedure the same
908
00:35:49,679 --> 00:35:54,159
method
909
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:56,640
for other sites let me
910
00:35:54,159 --> 00:35:58,960
well if you have a look here even at
911
00:35:56,639 --> 00:36:02,078
present you can see the metal
912
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:06,720
connectors which uh connect the
913
00:36:02,079 --> 00:36:09,359
stones together and still it works
914
00:36:06,719 --> 00:36:12,319
uh let's go a few kilometers about 10
915
00:36:09,358 --> 00:36:14,559
kilometer away from
916
00:36:12,320 --> 00:36:17,599
paris police to pass our guardian nash
917
00:36:14,559 --> 00:36:17,599
and natural stuff
918
00:36:17,920 --> 00:36:21,599
here is persporius near shiraz then we
919
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:24,000
have an actual
920
00:36:21,599 --> 00:36:25,680
roster of one kilometer and then about
921
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:29,599
nine kilometers again
922
00:36:25,679 --> 00:36:29,598
away we have possibility here
923
00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:35,440
this is the remaining of paso grady
924
00:36:33,358 --> 00:36:37,598
palace
925
00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:39,358
and this is the tomb that most of you
926
00:36:37,599 --> 00:36:43,359
know it's the tomb of
927
00:36:39,358 --> 00:36:46,400
cyrus the great
928
00:36:43,358 --> 00:36:47,358
and if you go to narshirostan near the
929
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:50,880
dharjam
930
00:36:47,358 --> 00:36:54,170
near paris paris you see some sort
931
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:56,880
of stone stone
932
00:36:54,170 --> 00:37:01,039
[Music]
933
00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:03,358
stone tower which worked as a calendar
934
00:37:01,039 --> 00:37:06,079
for the new year and some sort of
935
00:37:03,358 --> 00:37:06,078
ceremonies
936
00:37:06,719 --> 00:37:11,358
let's have a look at the foundation uh
937
00:37:09,039 --> 00:37:14,960
we start with the foundation of
938
00:37:11,358 --> 00:37:18,400
the tomb of cyrus
939
00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:22,320
as you can see they
940
00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:25,838
dug the ground they went for
941
00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:26,400
one or two meters down then they put the
942
00:37:25,838 --> 00:37:30,320
first
943
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:33,358
layer of the foundation which was stone
944
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:36,720
and then they put the second layer
945
00:37:33,358 --> 00:37:38,799
or the upper layer of the stone
946
00:37:36,719 --> 00:37:40,719
they were just put together with no
947
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:44,480
connection
948
00:37:40,719 --> 00:37:47,598
you see the same technique used
949
00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:52,320
in in that power here
950
00:37:47,599 --> 00:37:56,079
the first layer and the upper layer
951
00:37:52,320 --> 00:38:01,280
on the ground ground level and also
952
00:37:56,079 --> 00:38:01,280
on other other other buildings
953
00:38:01,519 --> 00:38:08,559
as you see when you have earthquake here
954
00:38:05,039 --> 00:38:11,119
you have some sort of some sort of
955
00:38:08,559 --> 00:38:12,880
acceleration or some sort of movement if
956
00:38:11,119 --> 00:38:16,400
you want to say
957
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:20,400
and when you have two layers of
958
00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:23,599
two layers of foundation they can easily
959
00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:27,200
slip against and somehow
960
00:38:23,599 --> 00:38:29,039
they can dissipate the energy of
961
00:38:27,199 --> 00:38:32,078
earthquake
962
00:38:29,039 --> 00:38:34,159
it's the same rule in in in the
963
00:38:32,079 --> 00:38:37,680
buildings in the south
964
00:38:34,159 --> 00:38:40,960
in i commit period for more than
965
00:38:37,679 --> 00:38:42,719
uh three or four centuries they ruled
966
00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:47,119
the country
967
00:38:42,719 --> 00:38:49,358
let's like too pearcefully again
968
00:38:47,119 --> 00:38:51,838
if you have a look here at one of the
969
00:38:49,358 --> 00:38:55,519
walls it is not a wall also
970
00:38:51,838 --> 00:38:58,559
it it acts as a platform for the
971
00:38:55,519 --> 00:39:00,719
superstructure here you see irregular
972
00:38:58,559 --> 00:39:04,639
cuts have been used for the
973
00:39:00,719 --> 00:39:07,919
for the for these stones and you have
974
00:39:04,639 --> 00:39:11,358
irregular joints again the
975
00:39:07,920 --> 00:39:14,159
architect has
976
00:39:11,358 --> 00:39:16,000
this had this idea that give the
977
00:39:14,159 --> 00:39:19,920
possibility of
978
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:22,559
of movement to the stones in this case
979
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:23,599
there are some movement of the ground
980
00:39:22,559 --> 00:39:28,078
these stones
981
00:39:23,599 --> 00:39:30,960
are free to move without damaging the
982
00:39:28,079 --> 00:39:30,960
superstructure
983
00:39:39,280 --> 00:39:46,079
let's go to the columns
984
00:39:43,039 --> 00:39:49,679
if you have a look here
985
00:39:46,079 --> 00:39:50,560
there is a special connection between
986
00:39:49,679 --> 00:39:53,598
the
987
00:39:50,559 --> 00:39:54,559
main part of the column and the support
988
00:39:53,599 --> 00:39:57,838
part of the column
989
00:39:54,559 --> 00:39:57,838
it's like this
990
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:03,119
again there has been a connection
991
00:40:01,119 --> 00:40:05,039
between the two parts in order to make
992
00:40:03,119 --> 00:40:08,559
it uh
993
00:40:05,039 --> 00:40:11,039
possible to rotate somehow because it's
994
00:40:08,559 --> 00:40:12,400
at the moment with this technique it is
995
00:40:11,039 --> 00:40:14,480
not a
996
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:16,880
rigid connection anymore but it is
997
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:21,199
somehow semi-rigid it means that
998
00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:24,000
if the top of the column would like to
999
00:40:21,199 --> 00:40:25,118
move somehow it is possible at the
1000
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:27,679
bottom that
1001
00:40:25,119 --> 00:40:28,800
you have some sort of rotation and it
1002
00:40:27,679 --> 00:40:32,799
prevents from
1003
00:40:28,800 --> 00:40:36,160
the cracking or the breaking of the
1004
00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:37,119
stone and again if we go for the beams
1005
00:40:36,159 --> 00:40:40,960
here
1006
00:40:37,119 --> 00:40:44,720
at the top if you look the the beams
1007
00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:47,838
wear wood and
1008
00:40:44,719 --> 00:40:51,598
it's like this okay and again
1009
00:40:47,838 --> 00:40:55,440
here you need some sort of
1010
00:40:51,599 --> 00:40:59,119
freedom for both movement and rotation
1011
00:40:55,440 --> 00:41:01,358
and therefore they didn't use a very
1012
00:40:59,119 --> 00:41:03,280
rigid connection here but they use some
1013
00:41:01,358 --> 00:41:06,480
sort of center-rich connection
1014
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:09,359
in order to load the top
1015
00:41:06,480 --> 00:41:10,559
beam to rotate and move in case of
1016
00:41:09,358 --> 00:41:13,358
earthquake and
1017
00:41:10,559 --> 00:41:15,199
in this how they were able to dissipate
1018
00:41:13,358 --> 00:41:18,480
the energy of the
1019
00:41:15,199 --> 00:41:21,759
of the earthquake
1020
00:41:18,480 --> 00:41:23,199
and more important is the rigidity of
1021
00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:26,079
the whole roof
1022
00:41:23,199 --> 00:41:28,480
they use some sort of wooden roof in
1023
00:41:26,079 --> 00:41:29,760
order to make a rigid diaphragm at the
1024
00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:33,599
top
1025
00:41:29,760 --> 00:41:36,880
in order to make
1026
00:41:33,599 --> 00:41:40,240
all the columns have similar and
1027
00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:43,519
same movement at the top and they
1028
00:41:40,239 --> 00:41:46,639
they make it to move uh in a in
1029
00:41:43,519 --> 00:41:50,000
in in in in a similar way
1030
00:41:46,639 --> 00:41:52,799
for the all columns and having a
1031
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:55,119
rigidly off strike or a rigid roof is
1032
00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:58,800
very important for those
1033
00:41:55,119 --> 00:42:02,079
tall columns
1034
00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:02,880
let's go two or three kilometers away to
1035
00:42:02,079 --> 00:42:06,400
the
1036
00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:09,760
uh west to susa
1037
00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:13,680
which is here it
1038
00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:16,480
used to be again
1039
00:42:13,679 --> 00:42:19,279
the the capital of the of the of the
1040
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:23,440
empire in some time
1041
00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:28,960
uh here you see the
1042
00:42:23,440 --> 00:42:32,720
uh the one of the palaces here
1043
00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:36,000
this is the side here
1044
00:42:32,719 --> 00:42:36,000
is another palace
1045
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:43,680
the one or two kilometers away and
1046
00:42:40,079 --> 00:42:46,240
in the middle is the mausoleum of
1047
00:42:43,679 --> 00:42:46,239
daniel
1048
00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:53,039
well this is the aerial photo here to
1049
00:42:51,519 --> 00:42:56,559
the right is the
1050
00:42:53,039 --> 00:42:58,159
apadena place of susa very over the tomb
1051
00:42:56,559 --> 00:43:02,000
of daniel and to the left
1052
00:42:58,159 --> 00:43:07,598
is the shahooz palace which
1053
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:10,239
was built about 200 bc
1054
00:43:07,599 --> 00:43:11,280
this is again the situation and maybe
1055
00:43:10,239 --> 00:43:14,799
here
1056
00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:18,960
you can see this is the daniel monsolium
1057
00:43:14,800 --> 00:43:20,800
and here this upper and to the
1058
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:23,119
bottom that you can see is the older
1059
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:23,119
part
1060
00:43:23,760 --> 00:43:28,480
if you have a look at the
1061
00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:31,920
if you have a look at the topography of
1062
00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:35,440
this
1063
00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:39,358
system here uh to the right you see the
1064
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:43,039
old talents here it was
1065
00:43:39,358 --> 00:43:46,400
very old it was 24 centuries ago it was
1066
00:43:43,039 --> 00:43:47,920
built if you have a look here the ground
1067
00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:52,000
level
1068
00:43:47,920 --> 00:43:55,039
was here but they decided to
1069
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:58,318
to to to bring the level about
1070
00:43:55,039 --> 00:43:58,880
four meters up and from here you started
1071
00:43:58,318 --> 00:44:03,039
to
1072
00:43:58,880 --> 00:44:06,079
construct the new palace like this
1073
00:44:03,039 --> 00:44:08,000
if you have a look here
1074
00:44:06,079 --> 00:44:10,079
at the bottom very bottom you have the
1075
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:13,760
remains of heroes from the
1076
00:44:10,079 --> 00:44:14,560
previous period and they add some sort
1077
00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:17,760
of sand
1078
00:44:14,559 --> 00:44:20,960
or gravel layer here for about
1079
00:44:17,760 --> 00:44:22,480
one or two meters and from here on the
1080
00:44:20,960 --> 00:44:26,880
top of the sand
1081
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:30,159
layer they started constructing the
1082
00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:33,680
the site or the pilots with columns of
1083
00:44:30,159 --> 00:44:37,039
about 22 meters high
1084
00:44:33,679 --> 00:44:38,078
and again here when you have sand here
1085
00:44:37,039 --> 00:44:41,119
is some sort
1086
00:44:38,079 --> 00:44:44,160
of base isolation here in case you have
1087
00:44:41,119 --> 00:44:45,440
some sort of acceleration or movement in
1088
00:44:44,159 --> 00:44:48,480
the ground
1089
00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:52,559
these these this
1090
00:44:48,480 --> 00:44:56,318
sand or gravel layers prevent
1091
00:44:52,559 --> 00:44:58,559
the energy the total energy
1092
00:44:56,318 --> 00:45:00,318
going up to the to the to the main
1093
00:44:58,559 --> 00:45:04,639
building
1094
00:45:00,318 --> 00:45:07,119
let's come back again to paris police
1095
00:45:04,639 --> 00:45:09,118
i'm going to give some talk about the
1096
00:45:07,119 --> 00:45:11,519
sewage system because i think
1097
00:45:09,119 --> 00:45:12,160
the sewage system is somehow related to
1098
00:45:11,519 --> 00:45:16,400
the
1099
00:45:12,159 --> 00:45:19,920
foundation system of the of the site
1100
00:45:16,400 --> 00:45:23,039
if you have a look here this is the site
1101
00:45:19,920 --> 00:45:27,200
and when you have heavy rain
1102
00:45:23,039 --> 00:45:31,358
it's like this therefore for such a huge
1103
00:45:27,199 --> 00:45:34,318
uh huge huge site you need to
1104
00:45:31,358 --> 00:45:36,078
have some sort of some sort of sewage
1105
00:45:34,318 --> 00:45:39,119
system in order to
1106
00:45:36,079 --> 00:45:42,880
in order to drain and somehow convey the
1107
00:45:39,119 --> 00:45:46,079
rain and somehow the sewage and this is
1108
00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:48,000
what they found a few years ago
1109
00:45:46,079 --> 00:45:49,839
as you can see there is a underground
1110
00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:52,000
sewage system
1111
00:45:49,838 --> 00:45:52,960
as you can see it was discovered a few
1112
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:56,079
years ago
1113
00:45:52,960 --> 00:45:59,679
and two years ago we had a very heavy
1114
00:45:56,079 --> 00:46:03,920
storm and rain fall there
1115
00:45:59,679 --> 00:46:07,118
and you can see it worked at that time
1116
00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:09,440
it means the uh the city the city of
1117
00:46:07,119 --> 00:46:12,480
shiraz and nearby maratha city
1118
00:46:09,440 --> 00:46:14,240
where were both flooded but it was
1119
00:46:12,480 --> 00:46:17,358
interesting that
1120
00:46:14,239 --> 00:46:22,719
that that pair space
1121
00:46:17,358 --> 00:46:22,719
was not flouted if i can show you this
1122
00:46:25,358 --> 00:46:31,440
you should see a movie which shows how
1123
00:46:28,559 --> 00:46:34,000
the water is running inside the soldier
1124
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:34,000
system
1125
00:46:34,318 --> 00:46:40,800
this is at the same time that on the
1126
00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:43,760
floor of the site there is no water
1127
00:46:40,800 --> 00:46:44,318
but one kilometer away nearby city
1128
00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:47,040
they're just
1129
00:46:44,318 --> 00:46:50,480
flooded and many people have to leave
1130
00:46:47,039 --> 00:46:50,480
their homes it means that
1131
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:56,640
it means that it is not it's just sort
1132
00:46:56,079 --> 00:46:59,440
of the
1133
00:46:56,639 --> 00:47:01,199
foundation for earthquake but also the
1134
00:46:59,440 --> 00:47:03,358
the design of uh of
1135
00:47:01,199 --> 00:47:05,199
foundation for the flood or for your
1136
00:47:03,358 --> 00:47:08,239
ceiling system is also
1137
00:47:05,199 --> 00:47:12,399
very important okay
1138
00:47:08,239 --> 00:47:15,358
let me finish my uh talk with uh
1139
00:47:12,400 --> 00:47:18,480
with the memory of skarsall visit to
1140
00:47:15,358 --> 00:47:22,880
paris police in 2018
1141
00:47:18,480 --> 00:47:23,440
and i should give you some references
1142
00:47:22,880 --> 00:47:26,318
here
1143
00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:28,240
there are five books that i with my
1144
00:47:26,318 --> 00:47:30,239
colleague have written and also there
1145
00:47:28,239 --> 00:47:32,239
are some
1146
00:47:30,239 --> 00:47:33,439
some papers that you can find also in
1147
00:47:32,239 --> 00:47:36,239
the references
1148
00:47:33,440 --> 00:47:37,119
and also it is my email address in case
1149
00:47:36,239 --> 00:47:39,279
anybody
1150
00:47:37,119 --> 00:47:40,400
would like to contact me it is possible
1151
00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:41,920
to contact me
1152
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:46,000
i thank you very much and i hope you
1153
00:47:41,920 --> 00:47:46,000
have enjoyed my presentation
1154
00:47:46,159 --> 00:47:50,960
thank you so much for the wonderful
1155
00:47:47,920 --> 00:47:52,880
presentation merdat
1156
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:54,240
again if you have questions you can post
1157
00:47:52,880 --> 00:47:56,400
them in the q a
1158
00:47:54,239 --> 00:47:59,039
or in the chat and we will discuss them
1159
00:47:56,400 --> 00:48:01,200
at the end after all presentations
1160
00:47:59,039 --> 00:48:02,960
and so now we will move on to the next
1161
00:48:01,199 --> 00:48:06,159
presentation which is by
1162
00:48:02,960 --> 00:48:07,920
fernando pena mondragon he is the head
1163
00:48:06,159 --> 00:48:10,159
of the structural engineering department
1164
00:48:07,920 --> 00:48:12,880
of the institute of engineering at unam
1165
00:48:10,159 --> 00:48:13,519
in mexico fernando received his
1166
00:48:12,880 --> 00:48:14,960
doctorate
1167
00:48:13,519 --> 00:48:16,960
in seismic engineering from the
1168
00:48:14,960 --> 00:48:19,838
polytechnico de milano in italy
1169
00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:21,679
and did a postdoc in at the university
1170
00:48:19,838 --> 00:48:23,119
of migno in portugal
1171
00:48:21,679 --> 00:48:24,719
he has published a multitude of
1172
00:48:23,119 --> 00:48:26,960
scientific articles on the seismic
1173
00:48:24,719 --> 00:48:29,919
vulnerability of historic masonry
1174
00:48:26,960 --> 00:48:32,079
and he is the treasurer of the council
1175
00:48:29,920 --> 00:48:32,800
of the mexican society of structural
1176
00:48:32,079 --> 00:48:37,599
engineering
1177
00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:40,800
welcome fernando thank you very much
1178
00:48:37,599 --> 00:48:41,680
i will talk to you about some lessons
1179
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:45,359
that
1180
00:48:41,679 --> 00:48:49,199
we have uh obtaining from the
1181
00:48:45,358 --> 00:48:53,279
earthquakes that hit mexico
1182
00:48:49,199 --> 00:48:55,598
in september of 2017.
1183
00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:56,400
so uh but first i would like to
1184
00:48:55,599 --> 00:49:00,079
acknowledge
1185
00:48:56,400 --> 00:49:03,039
my team especially
1186
00:49:00,079 --> 00:49:03,599
my colleagues professor marcus chavez
1187
00:49:03,039 --> 00:49:08,558
and
1188
00:49:03,599 --> 00:49:10,800
professor natalia garcia and
1189
00:49:08,559 --> 00:49:11,760
our army of students and project
1190
00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:16,880
engineer
1191
00:49:11,760 --> 00:49:19,440
here is the last one squad
1192
00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:20,000
they participate with us but there are a
1193
00:49:19,440 --> 00:49:23,519
lot of
1194
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:26,239
uh many students and engineers that
1195
00:49:23,519 --> 00:49:26,239
work with us
1196
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:34,240
in september 7 and september
1197
00:49:30,559 --> 00:49:37,359
19 two large earthquakes hit
1198
00:49:34,239 --> 00:49:40,719
mexico and left
1199
00:49:37,358 --> 00:49:41,679
two thousand three hundred forty damage
1200
00:49:40,719 --> 00:49:44,318
architectural
1201
00:49:41,679 --> 00:49:45,759
heritage buildings throughout the
1202
00:49:44,318 --> 00:49:49,039
country especially
1203
00:49:45,760 --> 00:49:52,640
in the center and south of
1204
00:49:49,039 --> 00:49:55,838
the country so this is
1205
00:49:52,639 --> 00:49:58,879
really a huge number
1206
00:49:55,838 --> 00:50:01,920
of damage buildings
1207
00:49:58,880 --> 00:50:05,760
so um i would like to focus that
1208
00:50:01,920 --> 00:50:09,039
this number is only the listed buildings
1209
00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:12,000
that uh in mexico are considered
1210
00:50:09,039 --> 00:50:13,039
as architectural heritage but there are
1211
00:50:12,000 --> 00:50:16,559
a lot of
1212
00:50:13,039 --> 00:50:19,838
small houses and particular buildings
1213
00:50:16,559 --> 00:50:22,960
that are not counted in this number
1214
00:50:19,838 --> 00:50:22,960
but that
1215
00:50:23,199 --> 00:50:30,078
is they are part of our
1216
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:34,079
um ancient uh
1217
00:50:30,079 --> 00:50:37,800
structures so uh this number
1218
00:50:34,079 --> 00:50:41,119
it's almost the six percent of all the
1219
00:50:37,800 --> 00:50:44,400
architectural heritage listed
1220
00:50:41,119 --> 00:50:48,480
in this region so it's really really
1221
00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:48,480
a huge number so
1222
00:50:51,280 --> 00:50:57,760
after that we made a
1223
00:50:54,480 --> 00:51:00,079
survey of trying to see
1224
00:50:57,760 --> 00:51:01,119
and understand the different dimensions
1225
00:51:00,079 --> 00:51:04,559
that occur
1226
00:51:01,119 --> 00:51:06,640
in these buildings for example this is
1227
00:51:04,559 --> 00:51:09,760
the common dimension in churches
1228
00:51:06,639 --> 00:51:12,239
so uh there are many churches of
1229
00:51:09,760 --> 00:51:13,200
these types so many small churches of
1230
00:51:12,239 --> 00:51:16,399
one name
1231
00:51:13,199 --> 00:51:19,439
and really practical
1232
00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:23,039
all the towns in mexico
1233
00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:26,800
and we found in general
1234
00:51:23,039 --> 00:51:30,079
this type of damage so in the first say
1235
00:51:26,800 --> 00:51:33,519
the facilities particular
1236
00:51:30,079 --> 00:51:36,720
only in playing the match practically
1237
00:51:33,519 --> 00:51:40,000
the out-of-plane damage is only a
1238
00:51:36,719 --> 00:51:43,118
see in the front space
1239
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:44,318
due to the crying overturning of the
1240
00:51:43,119 --> 00:51:47,440
front in this
1241
00:51:44,318 --> 00:51:50,159
and this is a
1242
00:51:47,440 --> 00:51:50,800
really interesting picture for example
1243
00:51:50,159 --> 00:51:53,199
this is
1244
00:51:50,800 --> 00:51:54,400
a diagonal crack due to the shear
1245
00:51:53,199 --> 00:51:57,439
stresses
1246
00:51:54,400 --> 00:52:00,720
in the tower and this is
1247
00:51:57,440 --> 00:52:03,920
a front view and this is
1248
00:52:00,719 --> 00:52:07,679
the other part of the tower so
1249
00:52:03,920 --> 00:52:08,159
it's like that the tower has cut by a
1250
00:52:07,679 --> 00:52:11,919
knife
1251
00:52:08,159 --> 00:52:15,598
no so uh we don't understand why
1252
00:52:11,920 --> 00:52:18,880
don't uh collapse this part
1253
00:52:15,599 --> 00:52:21,920
of the tower and
1254
00:52:18,880 --> 00:52:24,960
besides there was a street
1255
00:52:21,920 --> 00:52:28,079
and the street was closed because the
1256
00:52:24,960 --> 00:52:29,119
vibration induced by cars and rocks that
1257
00:52:28,079 --> 00:52:33,039
are passing
1258
00:52:29,119 --> 00:52:36,160
it could collapse the tower so
1259
00:52:33,039 --> 00:52:40,000
this is a typical damage in a lot of
1260
00:52:36,159 --> 00:52:41,440
churches that we found another typical
1261
00:52:40,000 --> 00:52:46,079
uh damage in
1262
00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:49,679
doms and drums there was a
1263
00:52:46,079 --> 00:52:52,960
the typical uh cracking that we can see
1264
00:52:49,679 --> 00:52:56,318
in literature with radial and uh
1265
00:52:52,960 --> 00:53:00,000
meridional cracks some
1266
00:52:56,318 --> 00:53:02,719
dumbs were collapses or
1267
00:53:00,000 --> 00:53:04,400
shear stress damage the drum
1268
00:53:02,719 --> 00:53:07,439
[Music]
1269
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:10,400
uh bolts have
1270
00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:11,760
also the typical the meshes that we can
1271
00:53:10,400 --> 00:53:15,599
found in literature
1272
00:53:11,760 --> 00:53:19,760
with this longitudinal cracks
1273
00:53:15,599 --> 00:53:23,039
especially do because the walls
1274
00:53:19,760 --> 00:53:26,400
that support the arcs and the balls
1275
00:53:23,039 --> 00:53:30,079
opening and that's
1276
00:53:26,400 --> 00:53:33,280
the reason to find these longitudinal
1277
00:53:30,079 --> 00:53:36,640
cracks after uh
1278
00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:38,640
in walls we can see the
1279
00:53:36,639 --> 00:53:39,679
typical diagonal cracks due to the shear
1280
00:53:38,639 --> 00:53:42,719
stresses
1281
00:53:39,679 --> 00:53:46,318
at the base of the walls we can see
1282
00:53:42,719 --> 00:53:50,078
these horizontal cracks due to the
1283
00:53:46,318 --> 00:53:50,079
flexural moment in the
1284
00:53:51,920 --> 00:54:00,480
outer plane of the wall and
1285
00:53:57,358 --> 00:54:05,679
we can see also these vertical cracks
1286
00:54:00,480 --> 00:54:05,679
that is due to the shear stresses and
1287
00:54:05,838 --> 00:54:09,358
these vertical cracks were found when
1288
00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:12,400
the
1289
00:54:09,358 --> 00:54:17,039
masonry was a very bad
1290
00:54:12,400 --> 00:54:20,400
quality especially when it was made but
1291
00:54:17,039 --> 00:54:25,358
peoples with people's stones
1292
00:54:20,400 --> 00:54:28,559
and earth more darks or very bad
1293
00:54:25,358 --> 00:54:32,558
mortar so
1294
00:54:28,559 --> 00:54:36,480
um another damage that we can found in
1295
00:54:32,559 --> 00:54:40,000
some buildings especially uh we focus
1296
00:54:36,480 --> 00:54:42,559
on the monasteries that
1297
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:43,679
were attached to the churches that would
1298
00:54:42,559 --> 00:54:46,079
visit
1299
00:54:43,679 --> 00:54:46,798
so it's the of course the collapse of
1300
00:54:46,079 --> 00:54:50,798
the
1301
00:54:46,798 --> 00:54:54,000
roof so the overturning
1302
00:54:50,798 --> 00:54:57,679
of the center of the walls like
1303
00:54:54,000 --> 00:54:59,119
in this case and this particular case is
1304
00:54:57,679 --> 00:55:02,719
very interesting
1305
00:54:59,119 --> 00:55:06,160
because it was uh the cloister
1306
00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:09,199
of an ancient monastery and all the
1307
00:55:06,159 --> 00:55:13,199
second floor was collapsed
1308
00:55:09,199 --> 00:55:16,719
so uh we can see here all the average
1309
00:55:13,199 --> 00:55:21,118
of the second
1310
00:55:16,719 --> 00:55:24,558
floor but this is
1311
00:55:21,119 --> 00:55:29,039
how the material uh
1312
00:55:24,559 --> 00:55:32,400
go down to the yard so
1313
00:55:29,039 --> 00:55:35,920
in this particular case the mansuri
1314
00:55:32,400 --> 00:55:40,000
was very very poor
1315
00:55:35,920 --> 00:55:43,519
made by rounded stones
1316
00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:46,559
pivots and a very very weak
1317
00:55:43,519 --> 00:55:49,519
earth mortar so from its
1318
00:55:46,559 --> 00:55:51,040
origin the masonry was a very bad
1319
00:55:49,519 --> 00:55:54,480
quality
1320
00:55:51,039 --> 00:55:57,838
and we
1321
00:55:54,480 --> 00:56:01,440
when we have a very
1322
00:55:57,838 --> 00:56:04,558
bad quality masonry
1323
00:56:01,440 --> 00:56:08,400
we can found a
1324
00:56:04,559 --> 00:56:12,559
collapse mechanism the structure
1325
00:56:08,400 --> 00:56:15,440
disgrace completely so
1326
00:56:12,559 --> 00:56:17,280
when the second floor completely
1327
00:56:15,440 --> 00:56:20,798
collapsed
1328
00:56:17,280 --> 00:56:24,000
the material has uh behavior
1329
00:56:20,798 --> 00:56:27,119
like a fluid and all the material
1330
00:56:24,000 --> 00:56:31,760
was concentrated in this part
1331
00:56:27,119 --> 00:56:31,760
so this is how how they
1332
00:56:34,880 --> 00:56:43,760
the combine was after the earthquake
1333
00:56:39,679 --> 00:56:48,239
fortunately in this case was no
1334
00:56:43,760 --> 00:56:52,160
day any dead or some person endure it
1335
00:56:48,239 --> 00:56:55,759
but this is a very dangerous
1336
00:56:52,159 --> 00:56:59,358
behavior in because
1337
00:56:55,760 --> 00:57:02,880
in the earthquake this is a very fragile
1338
00:56:59,358 --> 00:57:02,880
behavior so
1339
00:57:04,079 --> 00:57:07,359
the conclusion of the observer the match
1340
00:57:06,798 --> 00:57:10,559
in this
1341
00:57:07,358 --> 00:57:11,440
survey that we made in the different
1342
00:57:10,559 --> 00:57:14,960
regions that
1343
00:57:11,440 --> 00:57:17,760
has struck by these two earthquakes
1344
00:57:14,960 --> 00:57:20,000
where the the mass patterns and
1345
00:57:17,760 --> 00:57:23,040
collapses that we found
1346
00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:25,358
were similar than those observed impacts
1347
00:57:23,039 --> 00:57:28,558
events
1348
00:57:25,358 --> 00:57:31,838
this is for me
1349
00:57:28,559 --> 00:57:37,040
very impressive conclusion so
1350
00:57:31,838 --> 00:57:37,039
we don't found new
1351
00:57:37,519 --> 00:57:44,079
behaviors in the
1352
00:57:40,880 --> 00:57:47,119
in the seismic behavior of the buildings
1353
00:57:44,079 --> 00:57:47,839
so we know the behaviors we know from
1354
00:57:47,119 --> 00:57:51,280
the past
1355
00:57:47,838 --> 00:57:54,960
events the different types of the mass
1356
00:57:51,280 --> 00:57:55,680
and the collapses so for example big
1357
00:57:54,960 --> 00:57:59,358
towers
1358
00:57:55,679 --> 00:58:01,199
balls and dawns continue to be the most
1359
00:57:59,358 --> 00:58:05,519
believable elements
1360
00:58:01,199 --> 00:58:08,798
so these three elements of the churches
1361
00:58:05,519 --> 00:58:12,079
is always the elements
1362
00:58:08,798 --> 00:58:15,920
that where we have a problems of damage
1363
00:58:12,079 --> 00:58:19,039
and special collapses and of course
1364
00:58:15,920 --> 00:58:22,480
like in the
1365
00:58:19,039 --> 00:58:27,358
in some cases the collapses were
1366
00:58:22,480 --> 00:58:27,358
due to poor quality of the masonry
1367
00:58:27,440 --> 00:58:29,679
so
1368
00:58:30,880 --> 00:58:34,240
from from this
1369
00:58:35,599 --> 00:58:39,519
in general in in mexico intervention
1370
00:58:38,318 --> 00:58:42,558
projects
1371
00:58:39,519 --> 00:58:45,039
are based of course in the icomo's and
1372
00:58:42,559 --> 00:58:48,480
escarsio recommendations
1373
00:58:45,039 --> 00:58:52,000
but authorities and practitioners
1374
00:58:48,480 --> 00:58:56,318
take four particular recommendations
1375
00:58:52,000 --> 00:58:58,559
from all the universe of e-commerce
1376
00:58:56,318 --> 00:59:00,880
and scarce principles and
1377
00:58:58,559 --> 00:59:04,319
recommendations so
1378
00:59:00,880 --> 00:59:06,318
especially authorities recommend minimal
1379
00:59:04,318 --> 00:59:08,960
interventions
1380
00:59:06,318 --> 00:59:12,159
non-invasive techniques use of
1381
00:59:08,960 --> 00:59:15,679
compatible materials and techniques
1382
00:59:12,159 --> 00:59:16,318
and of course traditional materials and
1383
00:59:15,679 --> 00:59:19,838
techniques
1384
00:59:16,318 --> 00:59:19,838
are preferred
1385
00:59:20,318 --> 00:59:24,639
but unfortunately this full
1386
00:59:23,358 --> 00:59:27,679
recommendation
1387
00:59:24,639 --> 00:59:29,279
has become as the best project is to
1388
00:59:27,679 --> 00:59:33,118
return the structure to
1389
00:59:29,280 --> 00:59:36,640
its original conditions
1390
00:59:33,119 --> 00:59:40,160
so the idea in general
1391
00:59:36,639 --> 00:59:42,639
in practically all
1392
00:59:40,159 --> 00:59:44,159
the intervention projects in these
1393
00:59:42,639 --> 00:59:47,440
dimension structures
1394
00:59:44,159 --> 00:59:48,078
is trying to return to original
1395
00:59:47,440 --> 00:59:52,240
condition
1396
00:59:48,079 --> 00:59:52,240
of the structures before the earthquake
1397
00:59:52,480 --> 00:59:58,318
so what can we expect from an
1398
00:59:56,480 --> 00:59:59,599
intervention whose objective is to
1399
00:59:58,318 --> 01:00:03,599
return the structure
1400
00:59:59,599 --> 01:00:05,838
to its original conditions
1401
01:00:03,599 --> 01:00:05,838
so
1402
01:00:08,000 --> 01:00:15,358
we have evidence of pass events
1403
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:18,559
here i put only three
1404
01:00:15,358 --> 01:00:18,558
particular events that
1405
01:00:19,440 --> 01:00:24,039
damage a lot of structures for example
1406
01:00:22,079 --> 01:00:27,680
in 1973
1407
01:00:24,039 --> 01:00:31,039
1980 and 1999 we have
1408
01:00:27,679 --> 01:00:35,440
three earthquakes similar to those
1409
01:00:31,039 --> 01:00:38,960
that occur in 2017
1410
01:00:35,440 --> 01:00:42,240
and we have always the same
1411
01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:46,159
scenario so a lot of the match
1412
01:00:42,239 --> 01:00:49,759
a lot of collapses the same kind
1413
01:00:46,159 --> 01:00:53,759
of the matches the same kind of
1414
01:00:49,760 --> 01:00:53,760
collapses and
1415
01:00:54,838 --> 01:01:00,239
someone said
1416
01:00:57,119 --> 01:01:02,160
insanity is doing the same thing over
1417
01:01:00,239 --> 01:01:05,679
and over again
1418
01:01:02,159 --> 01:01:09,440
and expecting different results so
1419
01:01:05,679 --> 01:01:12,558
if we're trying to
1420
01:01:09,440 --> 01:01:16,720
restore the
1421
01:01:12,559 --> 01:01:20,160
destructor to its original conditions
1422
01:01:16,719 --> 01:01:21,519
we know what will happen with these
1423
01:01:20,159 --> 01:01:24,558
structures
1424
01:01:21,519 --> 01:01:25,119
in the next sysmic semicolon we will
1425
01:01:24,559 --> 01:01:27,680
have
1426
01:01:25,119 --> 01:01:28,160
the same dimensions we will have the
1427
01:01:27,679 --> 01:01:31,279
same
1428
01:01:28,159 --> 01:01:33,759
weak elements we will have the same
1429
01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:37,040
collapses
1430
01:01:33,760 --> 01:01:39,520
so now we are trying to change this
1431
01:01:37,039 --> 01:01:42,558
paradigm in mexico
1432
01:01:39,519 --> 01:01:43,119
actually the paradigm is the aim of the
1433
01:01:42,559 --> 01:01:45,440
project
1434
01:01:43,119 --> 01:01:47,200
is the conservation of the authenticity
1435
01:01:45,440 --> 01:01:51,280
of the architectural
1436
01:01:47,199 --> 01:01:55,118
heritage so uh
1437
01:01:51,280 --> 01:02:00,319
we don't have time to discuss
1438
01:01:55,119 --> 01:02:00,318
what authenticity it means
1439
01:02:00,798 --> 01:02:07,280
but this is the idea here in mexico
1440
01:02:04,079 --> 01:02:10,400
so the best project is
1441
01:02:07,280 --> 01:02:11,440
try to conserve the authenticity of the
1442
01:02:10,400 --> 01:02:14,079
architectural
1443
01:02:11,440 --> 01:02:14,079
heritage
1444
01:02:14,960 --> 01:02:21,838
however we need to change
1445
01:02:18,719 --> 01:02:25,118
this because
1446
01:02:21,838 --> 01:02:29,119
sometimes we forget
1447
01:02:25,119 --> 01:02:33,599
the most important aim of
1448
01:02:29,119 --> 01:02:38,000
the engineering structures so is that
1449
01:02:33,599 --> 01:02:38,000
the safe work of human life
1450
01:02:38,719 --> 01:02:46,399
in this particular
1451
01:02:42,079 --> 01:02:49,760
event scenic events we have really
1452
01:02:46,400 --> 01:02:53,358
few deaths and injury persons
1453
01:02:49,760 --> 01:02:57,440
because the earthquakes hit in an hour
1454
01:02:53,358 --> 01:03:01,119
of the day and in a week of the day
1455
01:02:57,440 --> 01:03:04,480
that there was not a concentration
1456
01:03:01,119 --> 01:03:07,680
of people in for example in the churches
1457
01:03:04,480 --> 01:03:11,199
but if this seismic event
1458
01:03:07,679 --> 01:03:14,639
hit in a sunday in the
1459
01:03:11,199 --> 01:03:18,000
uh at 12 o'clock when
1460
01:03:14,639 --> 01:03:22,078
almost all the churches are full
1461
01:03:18,000 --> 01:03:25,119
in the mess so
1462
01:03:22,079 --> 01:03:26,240
there was a really really tragedy in
1463
01:03:25,119 --> 01:03:29,519
mexico
1464
01:03:26,239 --> 01:03:31,439
because was collapsed and killed a lot
1465
01:03:29,519 --> 01:03:34,719
of people
1466
01:03:31,440 --> 01:03:37,358
so we cannot forget
1467
01:03:34,719 --> 01:03:39,038
that the most important aim of any
1468
01:03:37,358 --> 01:03:42,838
intervention
1469
01:03:39,039 --> 01:03:45,839
must be the same word of human life
1470
01:03:42,838 --> 01:03:50,480
those thinking about
1471
01:03:45,838 --> 01:03:53,920
this idea we need
1472
01:03:50,480 --> 01:03:56,960
that the criterion to be follow
1473
01:03:53,920 --> 01:03:58,240
is not just trying to return to the
1474
01:03:56,960 --> 01:03:59,280
authenticity and conservative
1475
01:03:58,239 --> 01:04:02,959
authenticity
1476
01:03:59,280 --> 01:04:06,240
of the structure instead
1477
01:04:02,960 --> 01:04:09,358
trying to use
1478
01:04:06,239 --> 01:04:12,639
a cost benefit criteria
1479
01:04:09,358 --> 01:04:15,838
so cost of course is not only
1480
01:04:12,639 --> 01:04:20,159
economic costs so what we can
1481
01:04:15,838 --> 01:04:22,639
lose if we choose some particular
1482
01:04:20,159 --> 01:04:24,639
technique or material in intervention of
1483
01:04:22,639 --> 01:04:27,679
course loss of authenticity
1484
01:04:24,639 --> 01:04:29,598
we cannot forget that in
1485
01:04:27,679 --> 01:04:31,118
any intervention project we need to
1486
01:04:29,599 --> 01:04:33,920
conserve
1487
01:04:31,119 --> 01:04:34,720
the architectural heritage all the
1488
01:04:33,920 --> 01:04:37,920
implicit
1489
01:04:34,719 --> 01:04:38,558
uh values in the that the building
1490
01:04:37,920 --> 01:04:41,680
contains
1491
01:04:38,559 --> 01:04:44,960
like history artistic
1492
01:04:41,679 --> 01:04:48,558
values architectural historic
1493
01:04:44,960 --> 01:04:51,760
etc and we must
1494
01:04:48,559 --> 01:04:52,400
put in a balance so this costs what we
1495
01:04:51,760 --> 01:04:56,400
will
1496
01:04:52,400 --> 01:04:56,400
lost with an intervention but
1497
01:04:57,039 --> 01:05:00,640
at the same time what will be the
1498
01:04:58,960 --> 01:05:03,119
benefit
1499
01:05:00,639 --> 01:05:05,279
so the benefit in the human life
1500
01:05:03,119 --> 01:05:07,280
safeguard of human life
1501
01:05:05,280 --> 01:05:08,480
of course conservation of the
1502
01:05:07,280 --> 01:05:11,599
authenticity
1503
01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:15,039
conservation of all the values of
1504
01:05:11,599 --> 01:05:22,559
the buildings benefits
1505
01:05:15,039 --> 01:05:25,599
in the structural behavior etc so
1506
01:05:22,559 --> 01:05:29,440
we need
1507
01:05:25,599 --> 01:05:32,798
as engineering projects just remember
1508
01:05:29,440 --> 01:05:36,318
that always the capacity
1509
01:05:32,798 --> 01:05:38,719
must be greater than the demand capacity
1510
01:05:36,318 --> 01:05:40,960
in the sense of strength of destructor
1511
01:05:38,719 --> 01:05:44,078
dutility
1512
01:05:40,960 --> 01:05:44,720
deformation etc and demand in the sense
1513
01:05:44,079 --> 01:05:50,720
of loads
1514
01:05:44,719 --> 01:05:52,719
displacement etc and
1515
01:05:50,719 --> 01:05:54,318
remember that the aim of any
1516
01:05:52,719 --> 01:05:57,279
intervention project
1517
01:05:54,318 --> 01:05:59,920
should be in the first place the safe
1518
01:05:57,280 --> 01:06:03,119
work of the human life
1519
01:05:59,920 --> 01:06:05,680
in the second place of course
1520
01:06:03,119 --> 01:06:06,760
preservation of the building value
1521
01:06:05,679 --> 01:06:09,838
artistic historic
1522
01:06:06,760 --> 01:06:12,559
architectural and of course we
1523
01:06:09,838 --> 01:06:13,759
should remember the match in the
1524
01:06:12,559 --> 01:06:17,599
structure
1525
01:06:13,760 --> 01:06:22,960
so if we change the paradigm
1526
01:06:17,599 --> 01:06:28,720
and we don't forget the human life
1527
01:06:22,960 --> 01:06:28,720
we will preserve the building value
1528
01:06:29,519 --> 01:06:36,719
because to preserve this
1529
01:06:32,719 --> 01:06:40,239
safe work human life is for example
1530
01:06:36,719 --> 01:06:43,358
that the structure will not collapse
1531
01:06:40,239 --> 01:06:47,399
if the structure will not collapse
1532
01:06:43,358 --> 01:06:51,838
the building value will conserve
1533
01:06:47,400 --> 01:06:55,838
unfortunately at least in mexico
1534
01:06:51,838 --> 01:06:59,119
and in many practitioners that
1535
01:06:55,838 --> 01:06:59,119
are involved in this
1536
01:06:59,440 --> 01:07:06,720
in this area they think that
1537
01:07:02,480 --> 01:07:09,920
it's mandatory
1538
01:07:06,719 --> 01:07:12,219
to try to conserve a structure
1539
01:07:09,920 --> 01:07:13,680
in its original conditions
1540
01:07:12,219 --> 01:07:18,558
[Music]
1541
01:07:13,679 --> 01:07:23,598
however it's a very often discussion
1542
01:07:18,559 --> 01:07:23,599
that what original condition means
1543
01:07:23,679 --> 01:07:30,639
so we know that any intervention that we
1544
01:07:26,838 --> 01:07:34,000
make in a building
1545
01:07:30,639 --> 01:07:38,798
even the small interventions will
1546
01:07:34,000 --> 01:07:42,000
change this idea of virginity
1547
01:07:38,798 --> 01:07:45,519
so we need change we are fighting
1548
01:07:42,000 --> 01:07:49,920
to change this idea and remember
1549
01:07:45,519 --> 01:07:54,559
that the most important is
1550
01:07:49,920 --> 01:07:57,838
the capacity much bigger than demand
1551
01:07:54,559 --> 01:07:57,839
of course
1552
01:07:59,519 --> 01:08:05,358
with trees aim
1553
01:08:02,798 --> 01:08:08,838
no don't forget of course the
1554
01:08:05,358 --> 01:08:11,838
preservation of the building value
1555
01:08:08,838 --> 01:08:14,480
so
1556
01:08:11,838 --> 01:08:15,519
how can we improve the performance of
1557
01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:18,798
the structure
1558
01:08:15,519 --> 01:08:21,198
we can improve increasing the capacity
1559
01:08:18,798 --> 01:08:22,319
decreasing the demand or at the same
1560
01:08:21,198 --> 01:08:25,039
time
1561
01:08:22,319 --> 01:08:27,279
increasing the capacity and decreasing
1562
01:08:25,039 --> 01:08:31,519
the demand
1563
01:08:27,279 --> 01:08:35,359
so in this context
1564
01:08:31,520 --> 01:08:37,600
of cost benefit criteria
1565
01:08:35,359 --> 01:08:38,560
so we need to focus on solving the
1566
01:08:37,600 --> 01:08:40,000
causes
1567
01:08:38,560 --> 01:08:43,679
and the problems and not only the
1568
01:08:40,000 --> 01:08:46,560
solving the symptoms
1569
01:08:43,679 --> 01:08:47,440
we can found a lot of intervention
1570
01:08:46,560 --> 01:08:50,480
projects
1571
01:08:47,439 --> 01:08:51,599
that we have some cracks in the
1572
01:08:50,479 --> 01:08:56,000
structures
1573
01:08:51,600 --> 01:08:59,679
and the practitioners just only want
1574
01:08:56,000 --> 01:09:02,640
to close the cracks with some
1575
01:08:59,679 --> 01:09:04,000
material and that's all and the
1576
01:09:02,640 --> 01:09:07,039
structure is
1577
01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:10,560
okay but this is
1578
01:09:07,039 --> 01:09:14,880
not to solve the problem because
1579
01:09:10,560 --> 01:09:17,199
we need to understand what was
1580
01:09:14,880 --> 01:09:19,759
the structural behavior to have these
1581
01:09:17,198 --> 01:09:23,039
crack patterns
1582
01:09:19,759 --> 01:09:23,039
so we need
1583
01:09:23,359 --> 01:09:26,560
to understand first the structural
1584
01:09:25,679 --> 01:09:30,158
behavior
1585
01:09:26,560 --> 01:09:30,159
and after try to
1586
01:09:30,880 --> 01:09:34,560
propose an intervention project of
1587
01:09:33,039 --> 01:09:38,719
course it must be based
1588
01:09:34,560 --> 01:09:38,719
on the current conservation criteria
1589
01:09:38,798 --> 01:09:45,838
but we must follow
1590
01:09:42,158 --> 01:09:47,439
almost the modern criteria of structural
1591
01:09:45,838 --> 01:09:50,238
analysis and design
1592
01:09:47,439 --> 01:09:51,358
we need to incorporate the new tools
1593
01:09:50,238 --> 01:09:53,838
that we have in
1594
01:09:51,359 --> 01:09:54,800
structural engineering in the seismic
1595
01:09:53,838 --> 01:09:58,319
engineering
1596
01:09:54,800 --> 01:10:01,760
to study and to conserve this kind of
1597
01:09:58,319 --> 01:10:04,880
structures so
1598
01:10:01,760 --> 01:10:08,000
a technique or some material
1599
01:10:04,880 --> 01:10:09,600
may be good for one case but not for
1600
01:10:08,000 --> 01:10:13,359
another one
1601
01:10:09,600 --> 01:10:17,280
and in this particular case in
1602
01:10:13,359 --> 01:10:19,039
for me it's i don't like to divide
1603
01:10:17,279 --> 01:10:21,039
the materials and techniques as
1604
01:10:19,039 --> 01:10:25,920
traditional or new
1605
01:10:21,039 --> 01:10:25,920
because this has
1606
01:10:26,880 --> 01:10:31,279
allowed this idea that only the
1607
01:10:30,319 --> 01:10:33,439
traditional
1608
01:10:31,279 --> 01:10:34,479
materials and techniques are good for
1609
01:10:33,439 --> 01:10:38,799
the intervention
1610
01:10:34,479 --> 01:10:42,158
in this kind of structures and
1611
01:10:38,800 --> 01:10:46,719
return to the previous
1612
01:10:42,158 --> 01:10:51,359
state before the earthquake
1613
01:10:46,719 --> 01:10:54,880
but if we use exactly the same materials
1614
01:10:51,359 --> 01:10:58,799
and the same techniques for example
1615
01:10:54,880 --> 01:11:02,239
in the case of of these cloister that
1616
01:10:58,800 --> 01:11:05,279
collapsed all the second floor because
1617
01:11:02,238 --> 01:11:08,559
the masonry was a very
1618
01:11:05,279 --> 01:11:11,599
bad quality now
1619
01:11:08,560 --> 01:11:15,840
in this particular case the authorities
1620
01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:19,039
and the engineering projects that
1621
01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:23,039
are involved
1622
01:11:19,039 --> 01:11:23,039
in the reconstruction of
1623
01:11:23,279 --> 01:11:29,759
the building wanted to use
1624
01:11:26,640 --> 01:11:30,079
the same kind of masonry because it was
1625
01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:33,440
its
1626
01:11:30,079 --> 01:11:36,559
original material and this is
1627
01:11:33,439 --> 01:11:39,279
a really bad mistake because
1628
01:11:36,560 --> 01:11:41,840
we will have the same problem in the
1629
01:11:39,279 --> 01:11:41,840
future
1630
01:11:42,319 --> 01:11:48,799
so if we will reconstruct
1631
01:11:45,840 --> 01:11:50,159
the second floor of the monastery we
1632
01:11:48,800 --> 01:11:55,360
should reconstruct
1633
01:11:50,158 --> 01:11:59,599
with a better performance than before
1634
01:11:55,359 --> 01:12:00,479
so the selection of the technique and
1635
01:11:59,600 --> 01:12:02,560
material
1636
01:12:00,479 --> 01:12:03,839
will depend on how we will improve the
1637
01:12:02,560 --> 01:12:08,560
structural behavior
1638
01:12:03,840 --> 01:12:11,840
we need just to remember this part
1639
01:12:08,560 --> 01:12:14,640
that sometimes we forget
1640
01:12:11,840 --> 01:12:15,440
because we are involved in in another
1641
01:12:14,640 --> 01:12:19,199
question
1642
01:12:15,439 --> 01:12:20,079
but sometimes in the interpretation
1643
01:12:19,198 --> 01:12:24,559
project
1644
01:12:20,079 --> 01:12:28,000
we forget this simple idea
1645
01:12:24,560 --> 01:12:31,360
always the capacity must
1646
01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:34,560
be greater than demand
1647
01:12:31,359 --> 01:12:38,000
so how we improve
1648
01:12:34,560 --> 01:12:41,360
the structural behavior is
1649
01:12:38,000 --> 01:12:43,840
what material and what technique we must
1650
01:12:41,359 --> 01:12:43,839
to use
1651
01:12:44,479 --> 01:12:54,238
of course taking in account all
1652
01:12:50,960 --> 01:12:59,279
the conservation criteria taking in
1653
01:12:54,238 --> 01:12:59,279
account the conservation of the
1654
01:12:59,359 --> 01:13:05,119
values of the structure but
1655
01:13:02,640 --> 01:13:05,840
improving the structural behavior
1656
01:13:05,119 --> 01:13:09,198
improving
1657
01:13:05,840 --> 01:13:11,520
the seismic behavior for don't have
1658
01:13:09,198 --> 01:13:12,479
first any collapse if the structure
1659
01:13:11,520 --> 01:13:15,679
collapse
1660
01:13:12,479 --> 01:13:19,198
means that the intervention project
1661
01:13:15,679 --> 01:13:22,239
was failed
1662
01:13:19,198 --> 01:13:27,198
so the first point that we
1663
01:13:22,238 --> 01:13:27,198
have in mind is that the structure
1664
01:13:27,279 --> 01:13:30,559
must not collapse
1665
01:13:30,840 --> 01:13:33,840
so
1666
01:13:34,079 --> 01:13:41,760
just uh as a summary of
1667
01:13:37,840 --> 01:13:44,960
this idea that i want to share
1668
01:13:41,760 --> 01:13:47,360
today with you is that in mexico
1669
01:13:44,960 --> 01:13:48,719
at least in mexico we need to change the
1670
01:13:47,359 --> 01:13:50,719
paradigm
1671
01:13:48,719 --> 01:13:54,239
and don't forget that the most important
1672
01:13:50,719 --> 01:13:56,880
aim is the safe word of the human life
1673
01:13:54,238 --> 01:13:58,959
and after that is the conservation of
1674
01:13:56,880 --> 01:14:03,119
the all
1675
01:13:58,960 --> 01:14:03,119
values of destructors so
1676
01:14:03,198 --> 01:14:09,759
the structural intervention must improve
1677
01:14:06,399 --> 01:14:11,920
structural response so if we have
1678
01:14:09,760 --> 01:14:12,880
collapse in the structure means that the
1679
01:14:11,920 --> 01:14:17,520
structure
1680
01:14:12,880 --> 01:14:20,960
have a very bad scenic behavior
1681
01:14:17,520 --> 01:14:24,560
so we need to improve this because
1682
01:14:20,960 --> 01:14:25,439
if we made exactly the same we will have
1683
01:14:24,560 --> 01:14:30,320
exactly
1684
01:14:25,439 --> 01:14:30,319
the same problem so
1685
01:14:30,399 --> 01:14:34,359
due to the two earthquakes that hit
1686
01:14:33,119 --> 01:14:38,640
mexico in
1687
01:14:34,359 --> 01:14:42,079
2017 we have really a lot
1688
01:14:38,640 --> 01:14:45,360
of damaged buildings and mexico
1689
01:14:42,079 --> 01:14:49,439
has not the resources to
1690
01:14:45,359 --> 01:14:52,719
uh uh to conserve all
1691
01:14:49,439 --> 01:14:55,759
that or to intervene and restore all
1692
01:14:52,719 --> 01:14:59,198
that uh buildings
1693
01:14:55,760 --> 01:15:03,679
after three years of the events
1694
01:14:59,198 --> 01:15:07,759
we have almost uh
1695
01:15:03,679 --> 01:15:11,679
one third part of the structures that
1696
01:15:07,760 --> 01:15:15,760
has not been intervented
1697
01:15:11,679 --> 01:15:18,960
today so this is a huge problem so
1698
01:15:15,760 --> 01:15:20,159
we need to improve the structural
1699
01:15:18,960 --> 01:15:23,279
behavior
1700
01:15:20,158 --> 01:15:25,039
of our structures and of course is not
1701
01:15:23,279 --> 01:15:25,679
to return the structure to this initial
1702
01:15:25,039 --> 01:15:28,238
condition
1703
01:15:25,679 --> 01:15:29,039
because means that the initial condition
1704
01:15:28,238 --> 01:15:33,039
is not
1705
01:15:29,039 --> 01:15:38,479
perhaps not good performance
1706
01:15:33,039 --> 01:15:42,000
and we need
1707
01:15:38,479 --> 01:15:44,479
remember that any intervention
1708
01:15:42,000 --> 01:15:46,319
will modify the original structure so
1709
01:15:44,479 --> 01:15:48,959
any intervention that we've made
1710
01:15:46,319 --> 01:15:50,399
we change the original structure so it's
1711
01:15:48,960 --> 01:15:52,640
really complicated
1712
01:15:50,399 --> 01:15:56,639
just this idea to return to the
1713
01:15:52,640 --> 01:15:56,640
structure to its original conditions
1714
01:15:56,880 --> 01:16:01,039
of course the intervention project must
1715
01:15:59,039 --> 01:16:04,880
be multi-disciplinary
1716
01:16:01,039 --> 01:16:07,519
because the structural engineering
1717
01:16:04,880 --> 01:16:09,600
is an important part to increase
1718
01:16:07,520 --> 01:16:11,600
fernando sorry to interrupt we're going
1719
01:16:09,600 --> 01:16:12,800
to have to move on very soon to the next
1720
01:16:11,600 --> 01:16:15,600
presentation in order
1721
01:16:12,800 --> 01:16:17,840
not to go okay i i will finish now this
1722
01:16:15,600 --> 01:16:22,719
is the last
1723
01:16:17,840 --> 01:16:22,719
slide so uh
1724
01:16:23,439 --> 01:16:27,519
the intervention project must be
1725
01:16:24,920 --> 01:16:30,399
interdisciplinary so of course to
1726
01:16:27,520 --> 01:16:33,199
uh trying to save work not only the
1727
01:16:30,399 --> 01:16:33,198
human life but
1728
01:16:33,279 --> 01:16:39,920
also the value of the
1729
01:16:36,719 --> 01:16:43,359
buildings and each problem is unique
1730
01:16:39,920 --> 01:16:45,119
so we can make some general rules that
1731
01:16:43,359 --> 01:16:46,799
this is another problem in the
1732
01:16:45,119 --> 01:16:49,840
practitioners that
1733
01:16:46,800 --> 01:16:53,279
once a general rule
1734
01:16:49,840 --> 01:16:56,400
to solve the problem and
1735
01:16:53,279 --> 01:16:57,519
we propose that a good benefit must be
1736
01:16:56,399 --> 01:17:00,479
followed
1737
01:16:57,520 --> 01:17:02,239
thank you very much thank you so much
1738
01:17:00,479 --> 01:17:04,238
fernando and i think you're raising
1739
01:17:02,238 --> 01:17:06,000
a bunch of really interesting topics
1740
01:17:04,238 --> 01:17:06,639
that we will touch on in the discussion
1741
01:17:06,000 --> 01:17:08,158
later
1742
01:17:06,640 --> 01:17:11,600
for example that your distinction
1743
01:17:08,158 --> 01:17:11,599
between traditional and modern
1744
01:17:11,760 --> 01:17:15,760
methods and especially when you bring up
1745
01:17:13,679 --> 01:17:18,158
authenticity and human life i would like
1746
01:17:15,760 --> 01:17:21,039
to point out to all the
1747
01:17:18,158 --> 01:17:21,439
attendees that escarsa will be putting
1748
01:17:21,039 --> 01:17:24,880
up
1749
01:17:21,439 --> 01:17:26,960
a specific webinar on authenticity and
1750
01:17:24,880 --> 01:17:29,119
reconstruction at the end of april you
1751
01:17:26,960 --> 01:17:32,399
will get the information about that
1752
01:17:29,119 --> 01:17:34,559
um in a few weeks i would also like to
1753
01:17:32,399 --> 01:17:36,479
encourage people who are watching our
1754
01:17:34,560 --> 01:17:38,320
webinar through facebook live to post
1755
01:17:36,479 --> 01:17:39,839
questions there we are monitoring your
1756
01:17:38,319 --> 01:17:40,880
questions and we'll address them at the
1757
01:17:39,840 --> 01:17:43,039
end
1758
01:17:40,880 --> 01:17:44,159
um that said we will move on to the next
1759
01:17:43,039 --> 01:17:47,039
speaker
1760
01:17:44,158 --> 01:17:48,639
amina abdesemet fufa is a professor of
1761
01:17:47,039 --> 01:17:49,359
build urban and natural cultural
1762
01:17:48,640 --> 01:17:51,440
heritage
1763
01:17:49,359 --> 01:17:52,799
with a particular focus on heritage at
1764
01:17:51,439 --> 01:17:55,119
risk due to earthquakes
1765
01:17:52,800 --> 01:17:56,960
landslides and flooding she is also the
1766
01:17:55,119 --> 01:17:58,880
director of the research sciences
1767
01:17:56,960 --> 01:17:59,920
laboratory of environmental and
1768
01:17:58,880 --> 01:18:01,600
technology
1769
01:17:59,920 --> 01:18:03,359
environment and technology for the
1770
01:18:01,600 --> 01:18:06,320
architecture and patrimony
1771
01:18:03,359 --> 01:18:07,439
at the universite de blind aside from
1772
01:18:06,319 --> 01:18:10,079
being a professor
1773
01:18:07,439 --> 01:18:11,279
amina is also an active professional
1774
01:18:10,079 --> 01:18:13,279
architect
1775
01:18:11,279 --> 01:18:15,119
of build cultural heritage and historic
1776
01:18:13,279 --> 01:18:16,000
sites at the ministry of culture in
1777
01:18:15,119 --> 01:18:17,840
algeria
1778
01:18:16,000 --> 01:18:19,600
she has supervised many restoration
1779
01:18:17,840 --> 01:18:21,679
projects and is currently in charge of
1780
01:18:19,600 --> 01:18:24,400
the restoration of the palace of the day
1781
01:18:21,679 --> 01:18:25,199
and palace of the base at the citadel of
1782
01:18:24,399 --> 01:18:27,519
algiers
1783
01:18:25,198 --> 01:18:30,639
which is a unesco world heritage site
1784
01:18:27,520 --> 01:18:34,080
welcome amina
1785
01:18:30,640 --> 01:18:37,360
thank you tim and
1786
01:18:34,079 --> 01:18:39,359
good evening everybody thank you very
1787
01:18:37,359 --> 01:18:42,399
much for the invitation and
1788
01:18:39,359 --> 01:18:45,679
i'm here i'm happy to share with you the
1789
01:18:42,399 --> 01:18:47,679
um experience of the
1790
01:18:45,679 --> 01:18:48,719
north african countries and the
1791
01:18:47,679 --> 01:18:51,440
particular the
1792
01:18:48,719 --> 01:18:52,880
magrav region so my talk today is about
1793
01:18:51,439 --> 01:18:56,399
earthquake resistant
1794
01:18:52,880 --> 01:18:57,920
techniques from action to 20th century
1795
01:18:56,399 --> 01:19:00,639
in the maghreb region
1796
01:18:57,920 --> 01:19:02,880
where i will present the case of algeria
1797
01:19:00,640 --> 01:19:06,840
tunisia and morocco
1798
01:19:02,880 --> 01:19:09,520
um well so all over the world
1799
01:19:06,840 --> 01:19:13,279
buildings located
1800
01:19:09,520 --> 01:19:14,320
in risk prone in seismic pro risk area
1801
01:19:13,279 --> 01:19:16,639
are almost
1802
01:19:14,319 --> 01:19:18,000
and exclusively constricted on the basis
1803
01:19:16,640 --> 01:19:20,880
of the experience and
1804
01:19:18,000 --> 01:19:22,560
observation of local builders the people
1805
01:19:20,880 --> 01:19:25,760
living in this uh
1806
01:19:22,560 --> 01:19:29,600
risk region has developed over time
1807
01:19:25,760 --> 01:19:33,199
many strategies to coexist with this
1808
01:19:29,600 --> 01:19:36,320
phenomena in particular social behavior
1809
01:19:33,198 --> 01:19:37,119
and constructive approach and at
1810
01:19:36,319 --> 01:19:39,840
preventing
1811
01:19:37,119 --> 01:19:41,279
and limiting the exposure of buildings
1812
01:19:39,840 --> 01:19:44,319
and inhabitants
1813
01:19:41,279 --> 01:19:46,880
the concept of local culture encompass
1814
01:19:44,319 --> 01:19:48,479
encompasses this social and technical
1815
01:19:46,880 --> 01:19:50,960
dimension dimension
1816
01:19:48,479 --> 01:19:52,479
of the act of building and the process
1817
01:19:50,960 --> 01:19:56,560
of developing the knowledge
1818
01:19:52,479 --> 01:19:59,639
and its skills the vernacular way uh
1819
01:19:56,560 --> 01:20:01,840
the vernacular as a way of living as a
1820
01:19:59,640 --> 01:20:04,960
characterization of construction
1821
01:20:01,840 --> 01:20:06,159
and self-protection methods turned out
1822
01:20:04,960 --> 01:20:09,119
to be a valuable
1823
01:20:06,158 --> 01:20:09,679
source of practices techniques and
1824
01:20:09,119 --> 01:20:13,039
measures
1825
01:20:09,679 --> 01:20:16,639
proven over the century and
1826
01:20:13,039 --> 01:20:19,039
to and and of the many of
1827
01:20:16,639 --> 01:20:20,159
hazard for the construction of a
1828
01:20:19,039 --> 01:20:23,198
sustainable built
1829
01:20:20,158 --> 01:20:26,479
environment accessible and secure
1830
01:20:23,198 --> 01:20:26,479
so this
1831
01:20:30,840 --> 01:20:33,840
this
1832
01:20:36,079 --> 01:20:40,719
that shows the distribution of
1833
01:20:38,800 --> 01:20:44,400
earthquake in the mediterranean
1834
01:20:40,719 --> 01:20:48,000
and we noticed that the most
1835
01:20:44,399 --> 01:20:51,119
the most event located
1836
01:20:48,000 --> 01:20:54,158
in the west central region
1837
01:20:51,119 --> 01:20:58,158
um when we have
1838
01:20:54,158 --> 01:21:01,198
the seismicity of the northern
1839
01:20:58,158 --> 01:21:04,559
lights right and those
1840
01:21:01,198 --> 01:21:05,439
moderate seismic countries except recent
1841
01:21:04,560 --> 01:21:08,400
earthquakes
1842
01:21:05,439 --> 01:21:10,879
which happened during the 21st century
1843
01:21:08,399 --> 01:21:15,279
maghrib countries has experienced
1844
01:21:10,880 --> 01:21:18,159
in the past several seismic event
1845
01:21:15,279 --> 01:21:20,719
that caused loss of human lives and
1846
01:21:18,158 --> 01:21:23,920
damage to property in different region
1847
01:21:20,719 --> 01:21:26,800
the historical earthquake knows uh
1848
01:21:23,920 --> 01:21:27,840
no since ancient ancient time to today
1849
01:21:26,800 --> 01:21:30,719
greatly increase
1850
01:21:27,840 --> 01:21:31,520
the probabilistic of an earthquake
1851
01:21:30,719 --> 01:21:34,639
occurring
1852
01:21:31,520 --> 01:21:37,760
and damage in the future so we have
1853
01:21:34,639 --> 01:21:38,719
three great earthquake that happened in
1854
01:21:37,760 --> 01:21:43,280
this
1855
01:21:38,719 --> 01:21:47,039
during the um past uh the 1716
1856
01:21:43,279 --> 01:21:55,599
earthquake of algiers the 16 25
1857
01:21:47,039 --> 01:21:55,600
24 of first and 1795
1858
01:21:55,679 --> 01:22:02,319
so um based on this information
1859
01:21:59,840 --> 01:22:03,199
fundamental question of interest for the
1860
01:22:02,319 --> 01:22:06,479
architect and
1861
01:22:03,198 --> 01:22:07,359
engineers are how did the local
1862
01:22:06,479 --> 01:22:10,238
population
1863
01:22:07,359 --> 01:22:11,279
build their houses resisting earthquake
1864
01:22:10,238 --> 01:22:14,399
loads
1865
01:22:11,279 --> 01:22:15,920
and what what structural techniques did
1866
01:22:14,399 --> 01:22:18,879
the local population
1867
01:22:15,920 --> 01:22:20,079
use for building their house to protect
1868
01:22:18,880 --> 01:22:25,840
themselves
1869
01:22:20,079 --> 01:22:25,840
against earthquake
1870
01:22:36,960 --> 01:22:43,359
of africa and
1871
01:22:40,079 --> 01:22:46,238
here in the algerian country and morocco
1872
01:22:43,359 --> 01:22:48,158
and fest and we have uh all the
1873
01:22:46,238 --> 01:22:48,718
techniques are located in the coastal
1874
01:22:48,158 --> 01:22:50,960
line
1875
01:22:48,719 --> 01:22:52,399
and some of them are located in the
1876
01:22:50,960 --> 01:22:56,639
highland
1877
01:22:52,399 --> 01:22:59,119
in the west island of algerian country
1878
01:22:56,639 --> 01:23:00,560
the techniques developed are of two
1879
01:22:59,119 --> 01:23:03,920
scales
1880
01:23:00,560 --> 01:23:04,880
the first are architectural and urban
1881
01:23:03,920 --> 01:23:07,440
concept
1882
01:23:04,880 --> 01:23:08,000
and the second are the construction so
1883
01:23:07,439 --> 01:23:11,039
we have
1884
01:23:08,000 --> 01:23:11,600
architectural design urban design human
1885
01:23:11,039 --> 01:23:15,519
design
1886
01:23:11,600 --> 01:23:15,520
such as the um
1887
01:23:16,960 --> 01:23:24,000
discharging discharging arches
1888
01:23:20,960 --> 01:23:26,960
voted basement linked by archers
1889
01:23:24,000 --> 01:23:27,840
and from the details we have the
1890
01:23:26,960 --> 01:23:31,279
reinforced
1891
01:23:27,840 --> 01:23:34,400
masonry with wooden logs reinforced must
1892
01:23:31,279 --> 01:23:34,960
only by layers of bricks and reinforced
1893
01:23:34,399 --> 01:23:37,279
rained
1894
01:23:34,960 --> 01:23:37,279
earth
1895
01:23:38,479 --> 01:23:46,479
during the um during the
1896
01:23:42,560 --> 01:23:48,719
autumn and in recent periods the three
1897
01:23:46,479 --> 01:23:50,000
cities big cities algiers tunisia and
1898
01:23:48,719 --> 01:23:54,000
fest
1899
01:23:50,000 --> 01:23:58,319
uh showed typical characteristics of
1900
01:23:54,000 --> 01:24:01,439
muslim cities their buildings blocks
1901
01:23:58,319 --> 01:24:05,039
are a lot of
1902
01:24:01,439 --> 01:24:07,919
various sizes
1903
01:24:05,039 --> 01:24:10,319
the plots are fully built and the houses
1904
01:24:07,920 --> 01:24:13,039
are leaning
1905
01:24:10,319 --> 01:24:14,639
against each other constitute
1906
01:24:13,039 --> 01:24:18,560
constituting or forming
1907
01:24:14,639 --> 01:24:23,840
a compact unit forming a narrow
1908
01:24:18,560 --> 01:24:26,960
street which are covered by galleries
1909
01:24:23,840 --> 01:24:31,840
sometimes they are built with
1910
01:24:26,960 --> 01:24:31,840
they are voted or
1911
01:24:42,479 --> 01:24:45,839
are called
1912
01:24:53,279 --> 01:25:00,000
and and they this
1913
01:24:56,479 --> 01:25:02,638
this different characteristic of urban
1914
01:25:00,000 --> 01:25:03,840
design constitutes a structural
1915
01:25:02,639 --> 01:25:07,279
continuum
1916
01:25:03,840 --> 01:25:09,520
so when
1917
01:25:07,279 --> 01:25:09,519
when
1918
01:25:10,719 --> 01:25:16,960
when when the uh passageway
1919
01:25:13,760 --> 01:25:19,360
are voted and they disconnect
1920
01:25:16,960 --> 01:25:21,279
between between the houses this is a
1921
01:25:19,359 --> 01:25:23,839
perfect
1922
01:25:21,279 --> 01:25:23,840
perspective
1923
01:25:25,039 --> 01:25:31,679
which is connected with two parts
1924
01:25:28,479 --> 01:25:34,479
of the two sides of the
1925
01:25:31,679 --> 01:25:35,520
houses and we have here in this picture
1926
01:25:34,479 --> 01:25:39,039
in this slide
1927
01:25:35,520 --> 01:25:42,639
different different case of
1928
01:25:39,039 --> 01:25:46,158
um connection between the battery
1929
01:25:42,639 --> 01:25:46,159
and the houses and this
1930
01:25:46,960 --> 01:25:54,000
structural continuum which dissipates
1931
01:25:50,639 --> 01:25:57,840
have different different cases uh we
1932
01:25:54,000 --> 01:26:01,359
um we just
1933
01:25:57,840 --> 01:26:02,319
a basement and in the higher part of the
1934
01:26:01,359 --> 01:26:05,599
building
1935
01:26:02,319 --> 01:26:10,399
we have three three three
1936
01:26:05,600 --> 01:26:10,400
um three votes
1937
01:26:10,800 --> 01:26:17,760
between the two part of the buildings
1938
01:26:14,639 --> 01:26:17,760
so there are two series
1939
01:26:18,719 --> 01:26:22,000
inside and outside the houses which
1940
01:26:21,119 --> 01:26:24,960
connect between
1941
01:26:22,000 --> 01:26:24,960
the two blocks
1942
01:26:25,679 --> 01:26:33,920
this has a different example of algae's
1943
01:26:30,479 --> 01:26:36,238
covered passageway with
1944
01:26:33,920 --> 01:26:36,239
roof
1945
01:26:49,520 --> 01:26:56,800
these charging arches we have
1946
01:26:52,639 --> 01:27:00,639
buttresses first or in this picture
1947
01:26:56,800 --> 01:27:00,639
the the different um
1948
01:27:17,279 --> 01:27:21,759
during the 20th century uh during the
1949
01:27:20,560 --> 01:27:25,600
french
1950
01:27:21,760 --> 01:27:29,920
colonization the recommendation
1951
01:27:25,600 --> 01:27:32,320
of the 18th 44 by the military engineers
1952
01:27:29,920 --> 01:27:33,039
for the construction of algaes they
1953
01:27:32,319 --> 01:27:36,479
pricks
1954
01:27:33,039 --> 01:27:39,039
they brexit bricks click shaped as well
1955
01:27:36,479 --> 01:27:41,759
for the private and public construction
1956
01:27:39,039 --> 01:27:42,319
the low buildings because of the seismic
1957
01:27:41,760 --> 01:27:44,560
risk
1958
01:27:42,319 --> 01:27:46,238
and to work the basement and to join the
1959
01:27:44,560 --> 01:27:51,520
building between them
1960
01:27:46,238 --> 01:27:51,519
by archives i'm sorry to not um present
1961
01:27:52,319 --> 01:27:58,079
i lost my photos
1962
01:27:55,679 --> 01:27:58,719
recently and unfortunate unfortunately i
1963
01:27:58,079 --> 01:28:00,559
did not
1964
01:27:58,719 --> 01:28:01,840
have time to go to the site to take
1965
01:28:00,560 --> 01:28:04,639
another picture
1966
01:28:01,840 --> 01:28:06,400
but it is uh it is written in the
1967
01:28:04,639 --> 01:28:09,600
military engineers
1968
01:28:06,399 --> 01:28:12,559
report that jesus has
1969
01:28:09,600 --> 01:28:15,840
has been built obtaining taking into
1970
01:28:12,560 --> 01:28:15,840
account this
1971
01:28:21,198 --> 01:28:26,960
so from the part of the
1972
01:28:24,238 --> 01:28:29,119
the constructive detail some of
1973
01:28:26,960 --> 01:28:30,000
techniques were discovered or was
1974
01:28:29,119 --> 01:28:32,000
highlighted
1975
01:28:30,000 --> 01:28:34,000
during the investigation institute
1976
01:28:32,000 --> 01:28:34,719
investigation in the territory in the
1977
01:28:34,000 --> 01:28:38,158
algerian
1978
01:28:34,719 --> 01:28:38,960
and the magribun territory so here we
1979
01:28:38,158 --> 01:28:43,279
have
1980
01:28:38,960 --> 01:28:46,399
um announcing time site
1981
01:28:43,279 --> 01:28:50,158
of caesarea cetera
1982
01:28:46,399 --> 01:28:53,759
located in albania
1983
01:28:50,158 --> 01:28:56,559
and these techniques
1984
01:28:53,760 --> 01:28:59,679
where we have a certain position
1985
01:28:56,560 --> 01:28:59,679
superposition of
1986
01:29:00,399 --> 01:29:07,759
two layers of spoon and
1987
01:29:03,760 --> 01:29:11,840
platinum is not too big but it is
1988
01:29:07,760 --> 01:29:16,719
a plate made of made of
1989
01:29:11,840 --> 01:29:16,719
blick which
1990
01:29:16,960 --> 01:29:24,880
is treated
1991
01:29:20,238 --> 01:29:24,879
or disposed of the depths of
1992
01:29:36,719 --> 01:29:38,960
and
1993
01:29:44,319 --> 01:29:47,359
because we have some problems hearing
1994
01:29:46,560 --> 01:29:51,039
you
1995
01:29:47,359 --> 01:29:52,158
maybe because turn off your video maybe
1996
01:29:51,039 --> 01:29:55,600
the audio quality
1997
01:29:52,158 --> 01:29:55,599
will be better thank you
1998
01:29:59,239 --> 01:30:03,519
[Music]
1999
01:30:01,119 --> 01:30:03,519
sorry
2000
01:30:04,960 --> 01:30:08,800
what's the problem you don't hear me we
2001
01:30:07,359 --> 01:30:11,039
don't hear you very well
2002
01:30:08,800 --> 01:30:12,560
your sound goes on and out so i'm i'm
2003
01:30:11,039 --> 01:30:13,679
worried it's the quality of your
2004
01:30:12,560 --> 01:30:15,520
internet
2005
01:30:13,679 --> 01:30:16,719
so maybe if you turn off your video
2006
01:30:15,520 --> 01:30:19,600
which should be on the
2007
01:30:16,719 --> 01:30:21,119
bottom left of your screen you can maybe
2008
01:30:19,600 --> 01:30:23,199
turn that off
2009
01:30:21,119 --> 01:30:25,359
if you don't find it we can just yes
2010
01:30:23,198 --> 01:30:29,599
perfect thank you can you continue
2011
01:30:25,359 --> 01:30:33,599
yeah uh did i repeat or i
2012
01:30:29,600 --> 01:30:36,960
continue no you can just continue okay
2013
01:30:33,600 --> 01:30:36,960
so this um
2014
01:30:37,679 --> 01:30:43,920
it's called um is an opis system
2015
01:30:41,439 --> 01:30:44,799
uh where we have two layers of different
2016
01:30:43,920 --> 01:30:48,399
materials
2017
01:30:44,800 --> 01:30:51,920
and this stone tables are
2018
01:30:48,399 --> 01:30:54,960
surrendered of the stone
2019
01:30:51,920 --> 01:30:58,880
stone masonry so um
2020
01:30:54,960 --> 01:31:03,840
this is uh this is not some
2021
01:30:58,880 --> 01:31:03,840
ancient techniques used by the past
2022
01:31:04,479 --> 01:31:11,359
during the medieval medieval period
2023
01:31:08,639 --> 01:31:12,560
we have the reigned earth reinforced by
2024
01:31:11,359 --> 01:31:15,439
wooden
2025
01:31:12,560 --> 01:31:15,440
this kind of
2026
01:31:15,679 --> 01:31:21,520
uh in the city where um
2027
01:31:19,198 --> 01:31:21,519
where
2028
01:31:23,760 --> 01:31:29,520
the moorish uh lived
2029
01:31:27,119 --> 01:31:30,800
because in the city we where we have
2030
01:31:29,520 --> 01:31:34,960
found these
2031
01:31:30,800 --> 01:31:39,119
techniques the moorish lives
2032
01:31:34,960 --> 01:31:42,719
during the summer and they have
2033
01:31:39,119 --> 01:31:42,719
blocked this
2034
01:31:42,840 --> 01:31:48,800
this technique
2035
01:31:45,920 --> 01:31:49,279
for the people who are living in the
2036
01:31:48,800 --> 01:31:53,840
city
2037
01:31:49,279 --> 01:31:56,079
and this is part of the walls the walls
2038
01:31:53,840 --> 01:31:57,119
the surroundings of the city and we can
2039
01:31:56,079 --> 01:32:01,600
see
2040
01:31:57,119 --> 01:32:01,599
red earth air force dialogues of
2041
01:32:10,960 --> 01:32:15,600
during the ottoman period and we found
2042
01:32:14,960 --> 01:32:18,960
the
2043
01:32:15,600 --> 01:32:20,960
we found the techniques of the
2044
01:32:18,960 --> 01:32:24,158
transmission of foundation
2045
01:32:20,960 --> 01:32:27,760
the foundation of the column we have
2046
01:32:24,158 --> 01:32:31,119
we have superposition of
2047
01:32:27,760 --> 01:32:35,199
two layers two perpendicular layers of
2048
01:32:31,119 --> 01:32:39,599
treyarch which is a which is
2049
01:32:35,198 --> 01:32:42,879
a cedar wood and these slots
2050
01:32:39,600 --> 01:32:46,239
would take has the role of
2051
01:32:42,880 --> 01:32:48,480
shock absorber and he
2052
01:32:46,238 --> 01:32:50,238
minimized the application of ground
2053
01:32:48,479 --> 01:32:55,599
acceleration
2054
01:32:50,238 --> 01:32:59,279
this is um this is one of the
2055
01:32:55,600 --> 01:33:09,520
techniques of the energy dissipation
2056
01:32:59,279 --> 01:33:12,639
of the in the foundation
2057
01:33:09,520 --> 01:33:15,920
vertical structures such as
2058
01:33:12,639 --> 01:33:19,199
walls we found um we
2059
01:33:15,920 --> 01:33:20,480
found that the wooden logs are inserted
2060
01:33:19,198 --> 01:33:23,839
in all the depths
2061
01:33:20,479 --> 01:33:23,839
of the walls
2062
01:33:31,920 --> 01:33:38,639
and this is uh in the site of
2063
01:33:35,439 --> 01:33:41,678
tunis these are in the site office
2064
01:33:38,639 --> 01:33:44,719
we have also the this kind of
2065
01:33:41,679 --> 01:33:48,639
uh this this kind of techniques
2066
01:33:44,719 --> 01:33:52,158
they reported in the
2067
01:33:48,639 --> 01:33:55,119
pillars in algiers and tunisia
2068
01:33:52,158 --> 01:33:55,679
we have also the training at the angle
2069
01:33:55,119 --> 01:33:59,119
uh
2070
01:33:55,679 --> 01:34:04,000
also in different in the different um
2071
01:33:59,119 --> 01:34:07,039
different cities so here we have the
2072
01:34:04,000 --> 01:34:10,158
training of the the wall we have
2073
01:34:07,039 --> 01:34:13,519
this this have they are um
2074
01:34:10,158 --> 01:34:16,879
this these techniques or these
2075
01:34:13,520 --> 01:34:20,320
logs are put
2076
01:34:16,880 --> 01:34:23,679
in this um in this in this manner
2077
01:34:20,319 --> 01:34:26,639
and they were where where the
2078
01:34:23,679 --> 01:34:27,679
greater fragility fragility fragility of
2079
01:34:26,639 --> 01:34:29,679
the world
2080
01:34:27,679 --> 01:34:32,880
is due to the combination between
2081
01:34:29,679 --> 01:34:36,079
bending effect and shear and torsion so
2082
01:34:32,880 --> 01:34:41,199
this technique this technique did
2083
01:34:36,079 --> 01:34:41,198
diminute the the effect of uh
2084
01:34:42,960 --> 01:34:47,840
and the angle did not collapse
2085
01:34:52,000 --> 01:34:56,880
algiers there is a particular techniques
2086
01:34:55,520 --> 01:35:00,080
in archers
2087
01:34:56,880 --> 01:35:03,760
in arches they are reinforced by logs of
2088
01:35:00,079 --> 01:35:06,639
yeah and we can find
2089
01:35:03,760 --> 01:35:07,440
sometimes one layers when we have only
2090
01:35:06,639 --> 01:35:12,319
the art
2091
01:35:07,439 --> 01:35:15,519
artists we can find also two layers
2092
01:35:12,319 --> 01:35:19,118
layers of logs of tria when the
2093
01:35:15,520 --> 01:35:24,159
column supported the
2094
01:35:19,118 --> 01:35:27,839
supported method revolved
2095
01:35:24,158 --> 01:35:31,198
only vault this
2096
01:35:27,840 --> 01:35:35,279
of two materials
2097
01:35:31,198 --> 01:35:38,399
one rigid and the other flexible
2098
01:35:35,279 --> 01:35:39,759
guarantee due to the slip movement or
2099
01:35:38,399 --> 01:35:42,719
rolling
2100
01:35:39,760 --> 01:35:45,840
which is a good resistance to share
2101
01:35:42,719 --> 01:35:45,840
during earthquake
2102
01:35:46,000 --> 01:35:53,679
and those the uh this system of archive
2103
01:35:49,600 --> 01:35:56,719
is contribute to the resistance of
2104
01:35:53,679 --> 01:35:58,480
earthquake of earthquake loads this is
2105
01:35:56,719 --> 01:36:01,679
particular to all this
2106
01:35:58,479 --> 01:36:04,959
um haven't found it in another site
2107
01:36:01,679 --> 01:36:07,359
this is the galleries of
2108
01:36:04,960 --> 01:36:07,359
houses
2109
01:36:09,118 --> 01:36:12,319
and the other one is
2110
01:36:12,479 --> 01:36:17,039
the site of tunis
2111
01:36:20,960 --> 01:36:27,520
blocks are also used in the
2112
01:36:24,238 --> 01:36:30,799
um and compula and you can find these
2113
01:36:27,520 --> 01:36:30,800
logs here and
2114
01:36:32,639 --> 01:36:39,679
this character they
2115
01:36:36,399 --> 01:36:42,079
they are they they are uh
2116
01:36:39,679 --> 01:36:44,880
playing the role also of a shock
2117
01:36:42,079 --> 01:36:44,880
absorbers
2118
01:36:50,840 --> 01:36:53,840
and
2119
01:36:55,279 --> 01:37:02,960
well the other techniques
2120
01:36:59,198 --> 01:37:07,759
which is different from the reinforced
2121
01:37:02,960 --> 01:37:07,760
reinforcements only with the logs of tui
2122
01:37:09,279 --> 01:37:16,079
and this says um techniques which
2123
01:37:12,319 --> 01:37:19,039
was used in the city built
2124
01:37:16,079 --> 01:37:20,079
built or constructed constructed by the
2125
01:37:19,039 --> 01:37:24,079
moorish
2126
01:37:20,079 --> 01:37:29,519
when they arrived at algeria's history
2127
01:37:24,079 --> 01:37:34,479
so uh during the 15th century we have
2128
01:37:29,520 --> 01:37:34,480
this uh earth and earth
2129
01:37:35,679 --> 01:37:40,079
and it was um this is called tapia
2130
01:37:38,800 --> 01:37:43,119
valenciana
2131
01:37:40,079 --> 01:37:44,000
and it was evaluated by christine in
2132
01:37:43,118 --> 01:37:46,639
spain
2133
01:37:44,000 --> 01:37:48,319
as a seismic resistant techniques and it
2134
01:37:46,639 --> 01:37:50,960
was uh
2135
01:37:48,319 --> 01:37:52,319
used at valencia after the great
2136
01:37:50,960 --> 01:37:56,480
earthquake of
2137
01:37:52,319 --> 01:38:01,279
13 50
2138
01:37:56,479 --> 01:38:04,959
uh 95 on 59
2139
01:38:01,279 --> 01:38:09,359
if yes 1359
2140
01:38:04,960 --> 01:38:13,439
earthquake later during the 19th century
2141
01:38:09,359 --> 01:38:16,479
this same the same techniques was used
2142
01:38:13,439 --> 01:38:20,479
in the colonial buildings
2143
01:38:16,479 --> 01:38:24,000
such as resistance
2144
01:38:20,479 --> 01:38:29,118
and at my at my city
2145
01:38:24,000 --> 01:38:29,118
because it is located in a very high
2146
01:38:29,198 --> 01:38:34,799
risk area we have fought the
2147
01:38:32,399 --> 01:38:34,799
beef
2148
01:38:35,679 --> 01:38:42,960
um so marbling and fault
2149
01:38:39,439 --> 01:38:46,238
which arrived and which arrived
2150
01:38:42,960 --> 01:38:47,359
until the uh the city and i was
2151
01:38:46,238 --> 01:38:50,238
destroyed
2152
01:38:47,359 --> 01:38:52,238
several times in the history the first
2153
01:38:50,238 --> 01:38:56,000
the first recognized
2154
01:38:52,238 --> 01:38:59,559
the first important earthquake was the
2155
01:38:56,000 --> 01:39:02,560
the one of uh 17
2156
01:38:59,560 --> 01:39:02,560
25
2157
01:39:03,118 --> 01:39:09,799
17 25 year earthquake where
2158
01:39:06,399 --> 01:39:11,039
all the city was destroyed and then the
2159
01:39:09,800 --> 01:39:14,719
reconstructions
2160
01:39:11,039 --> 01:39:17,600
was during their
2161
01:39:14,719 --> 01:39:21,359
constriction all the the houses were
2162
01:39:17,600 --> 01:39:26,480
built with the capital and siena
2163
01:39:21,359 --> 01:39:29,759
and when the when the french were
2164
01:39:26,479 --> 01:39:30,638
at in algeria they used this technique
2165
01:39:29,760 --> 01:39:34,000
because they
2166
01:39:30,639 --> 01:39:36,560
are because they they were
2167
01:39:34,000 --> 01:39:36,560
they were
2168
01:39:38,560 --> 01:39:43,039
because they know they they know during
2169
01:39:41,039 --> 01:39:45,198
this time that the city
2170
01:39:43,039 --> 01:39:45,198
is
2171
01:39:47,920 --> 01:39:50,880
this big area
2172
01:39:51,920 --> 01:39:59,199
and in the um different
2173
01:39:56,000 --> 01:40:02,479
in other region in the highland of
2174
01:39:59,198 --> 01:40:05,599
um in the in the west highland
2175
01:40:02,479 --> 01:40:09,279
we discovered a system which
2176
01:40:05,600 --> 01:40:12,880
is so we called um
2177
01:40:09,279 --> 01:40:16,399
traditional warning system this
2178
01:40:12,880 --> 01:40:19,840
uh this this is
2179
01:40:16,399 --> 01:40:23,198
made of it's built with the
2180
01:40:19,840 --> 01:40:26,000
beam of with with the logs of
2181
01:40:23,198 --> 01:40:27,198
trees and the hooking system of food
2182
01:40:26,000 --> 01:40:32,079
element
2183
01:40:27,198 --> 01:40:35,279
uh they detached the the
2184
01:40:32,079 --> 01:40:39,198
detached when soil movement happened
2185
01:40:35,279 --> 01:40:42,079
and this happened not only when the
2186
01:40:39,198 --> 01:40:44,319
earthquake happened but also when we
2187
01:40:42,079 --> 01:40:47,600
have a landslide
2188
01:40:44,319 --> 01:40:51,118
because the constriction are
2189
01:40:47,600 --> 01:40:55,119
sloping on sloping uh
2190
01:40:51,118 --> 01:40:56,000
soil so we have uh this techniques was
2191
01:40:55,118 --> 01:40:59,118
used
2192
01:40:56,000 --> 01:41:02,319
in the historical uh in historical
2193
01:40:59,118 --> 01:41:06,799
mosque during the 17th
2194
01:41:02,319 --> 01:41:06,799
century and this um
2195
01:41:06,960 --> 01:41:14,000
the in the this region was known
2196
01:41:10,479 --> 01:41:19,839
as the first known earthquake was
2197
01:41:14,000 --> 01:41:19,840
the earthquake of the 18th
2198
01:41:21,118 --> 01:41:29,039
um and during the
2199
01:41:25,198 --> 01:41:32,479
project uh as
2200
01:41:29,039 --> 01:41:37,198
as today
2201
01:41:32,479 --> 01:41:41,198
we are we are talking about the use of
2202
01:41:37,198 --> 01:41:44,399
compatible materials of
2203
01:41:41,198 --> 01:41:47,439
historical techniques we have
2204
01:41:44,399 --> 01:41:50,479
repealed we have reused the
2205
01:41:47,439 --> 01:41:54,000
techniques uh using the logs
2206
01:41:50,479 --> 01:41:56,718
of wood inserted in the masonry and in
2207
01:41:54,000 --> 01:42:00,560
the columns so we have here
2208
01:41:56,719 --> 01:42:03,760
for the restoration and here after the
2209
01:42:00,560 --> 01:42:04,239
restoration it was really difficult to
2210
01:42:03,760 --> 01:42:07,360
ask
2211
01:42:04,238 --> 01:42:10,479
to to reproduce and to reuse
2212
01:42:07,359 --> 01:42:13,679
the um the uh
2213
01:42:10,479 --> 01:42:17,279
these techniques because in algeria
2214
01:42:13,679 --> 01:42:21,039
our regulation is is still
2215
01:42:17,279 --> 01:42:24,719
dating from the 18th
2216
01:42:21,039 --> 01:42:27,359
from 1918 uh it was
2217
01:42:24,719 --> 01:42:29,118
the the regulation was made after the
2218
01:42:27,359 --> 01:42:32,639
al-aznab earthquake and
2219
01:42:29,118 --> 01:42:33,118
during this time the restoration was
2220
01:42:32,639 --> 01:42:36,000
made
2221
01:42:33,118 --> 01:42:36,880
over the world by the reinforced
2222
01:42:36,000 --> 01:42:39,198
concrete
2223
01:42:36,880 --> 01:42:40,719
so the techniques of the post
2224
01:42:39,198 --> 01:42:43,759
consolidation
2225
01:42:40,719 --> 01:42:44,239
are still today in our regulation with
2226
01:42:43,760 --> 01:42:48,560
the
2227
01:42:44,238 --> 01:42:51,599
still with the reinforced concrete but
2228
01:42:48,560 --> 01:42:52,880
but today the research has evolved and
2229
01:42:51,600 --> 01:42:55,119
with
2230
01:42:52,880 --> 01:42:57,039
our students we are now working on the
2231
01:42:55,118 --> 01:43:00,399
basis of the euro code 8
2232
01:42:57,039 --> 01:43:01,279
for the remason rebuilding while waiting
2233
01:43:00,399 --> 01:43:03,519
to develop
2234
01:43:01,279 --> 01:43:04,559
our own regulation for historical
2235
01:43:03,520 --> 01:43:07,679
building
2236
01:43:04,560 --> 01:43:10,719
so the citadel of algiers today
2237
01:43:07,679 --> 01:43:14,000
is restored according the european
2238
01:43:10,719 --> 01:43:17,439
code and not following the algerian one
2239
01:43:14,000 --> 01:43:18,479
but it is not easier because for us
2240
01:43:17,439 --> 01:43:21,198
because
2241
01:43:18,479 --> 01:43:22,879
the regulation the algerian regulation
2242
01:43:21,198 --> 01:43:29,039
is still applied today
2243
01:43:22,880 --> 01:43:29,039
and we must to see conventions
2244
01:43:31,118 --> 01:43:35,519
this is um this this is a picture
2245
01:43:34,560 --> 01:43:38,880
showing the
2246
01:43:35,520 --> 01:43:42,239
um shaking table
2247
01:43:38,880 --> 01:43:42,239
test that
2248
01:43:42,319 --> 01:43:47,039
which has been done during the
2249
01:43:45,118 --> 01:43:49,359
perpetuate project
2250
01:43:47,039 --> 01:43:50,639
seismic preservation of historical
2251
01:43:49,359 --> 01:43:54,000
building
2252
01:43:50,639 --> 01:43:57,840
where algeria contributes and
2253
01:43:54,000 --> 01:44:00,560
the uh and they
2254
01:43:57,840 --> 01:44:00,560
we have
2255
01:44:01,279 --> 01:44:08,319
they have a mosque
2256
01:44:04,719 --> 01:44:10,399
at algiers today is located at inside
2257
01:44:08,319 --> 01:44:13,840
the citadel of algiers
2258
01:44:10,399 --> 01:44:20,479
and the the
2259
01:44:13,840 --> 01:44:23,920
the prototype collapsed at the uh
2260
01:44:20,479 --> 01:44:24,238
acceleration of uh the recent earthquake
2261
01:44:23,920 --> 01:44:27,600
of
2262
01:44:24,238 --> 01:44:30,638
algiers yes it was collapsed
2263
01:44:27,600 --> 01:44:32,560
because uh the prototype was isolated it
2264
01:44:30,639 --> 01:44:36,319
was not uh
2265
01:44:32,560 --> 01:44:38,560
it was not um connected with
2266
01:44:36,319 --> 01:44:40,479
the other part of the building or the
2267
01:44:38,560 --> 01:44:43,119
other part of
2268
01:44:40,479 --> 01:44:44,079
the construction but we have just
2269
01:44:43,118 --> 01:44:47,519
simulated
2270
01:44:44,079 --> 01:44:50,238
a part of a part of the vault
2271
01:44:47,520 --> 01:44:50,239
of the mosque
2272
01:44:55,840 --> 01:45:02,159
i it is known that the man has always
2273
01:44:59,679 --> 01:45:04,800
know how to adapt to different natural
2274
01:45:02,158 --> 01:45:06,638
risk particularly earthquake
2275
01:45:04,800 --> 01:45:08,239
in the north african region and in
2276
01:45:06,639 --> 01:45:10,560
particular the magrav earthquake
2277
01:45:08,238 --> 01:45:13,919
resistant technique have been developed
2278
01:45:10,560 --> 01:45:14,800
also the moderate seismicity before the
2279
01:45:13,920 --> 01:45:17,440
regulation
2280
01:45:14,800 --> 01:45:19,600
from antiquity to the colonial period
2281
01:45:17,439 --> 01:45:23,519
earthquake resistant technique are
2282
01:45:19,600 --> 01:45:26,800
different from one region to another
2283
01:45:23,520 --> 01:45:28,159
they constitute today the transferable
2284
01:45:26,800 --> 01:45:30,719
indigenous knowledge
2285
01:45:28,158 --> 01:45:34,079
in the mediterranean being thank you
2286
01:45:30,719 --> 01:45:34,079
very much for your attention
2287
01:45:36,800 --> 01:45:40,239
thank you so much amina for this
2288
01:45:38,560 --> 01:45:42,320
wonderful presentation
2289
01:45:40,238 --> 01:45:43,678
it's also wonderful to see that
2290
01:45:42,319 --> 01:45:46,319
parallels are being
2291
01:45:43,679 --> 01:45:48,158
drawn in the chat between the techniques
2292
01:45:46,319 --> 01:45:48,799
in iran for example and then in the mag
2293
01:45:48,158 --> 01:45:51,359
weapon it's
2294
01:45:48,800 --> 01:45:52,800
something we can come back to when we um
2295
01:45:51,359 --> 01:45:55,439
start the discussion
2296
01:45:52,800 --> 01:45:56,560
um now i would like to introduce our
2297
01:45:55,439 --> 01:45:58,879
last speaker
2298
01:45:56,560 --> 01:46:00,560
jitendra bottara who's speaking to us
2299
01:45:58,880 --> 01:46:03,679
from new zealand where it's currently
2300
01:46:00,560 --> 01:46:07,360
almost 4 a.m in the morning so thank you
2301
01:46:03,679 --> 01:46:09,600
um chitandra for your
2302
01:46:07,359 --> 01:46:11,599
for your dedication so jitendra is in
2303
01:46:09,600 --> 01:46:14,639
nepali based in new zealand
2304
01:46:11,600 --> 01:46:15,440
he's a fellow of the um fellow of
2305
01:46:14,639 --> 01:46:17,679
engineering
2306
01:46:15,439 --> 01:46:20,158
new zealand and of the new zealand
2307
01:46:17,679 --> 01:46:23,359
society for earthquake engineering
2308
01:46:20,158 --> 01:46:25,279
he is director of recipro international
2309
01:46:23,359 --> 01:46:25,679
engineering a new zealand based company
2310
01:46:25,279 --> 01:46:27,519
and has
2311
01:46:25,679 --> 01:46:29,520
lectured and written extensively on
2312
01:46:27,520 --> 01:46:30,480
seismic engineering and disaster risk
2313
01:46:29,520 --> 01:46:32,639
mitigation
2314
01:46:30,479 --> 01:46:34,238
he has provided advisory services about
2315
01:46:32,639 --> 01:46:36,079
disaster risk reduction
2316
01:46:34,238 --> 01:46:37,839
earthquake recovery and reconstruction
2317
01:46:36,079 --> 01:46:39,039
to many governments and international
2318
01:46:37,840 --> 01:46:40,800
organizations
2319
01:46:39,039 --> 01:46:42,158
including the united nations and the
2320
01:46:40,800 --> 01:46:44,320
asian development bank
2321
01:46:42,158 --> 01:46:46,158
he is an ardent believer in identifying
2322
01:46:44,319 --> 01:46:48,319
strong linkages between social
2323
01:46:46,158 --> 01:46:55,839
and seismic engineering for seismic
2324
01:46:48,319 --> 01:46:55,840
safety welcome jitendra
2325
01:47:20,840 --> 01:47:27,520
what
2326
01:47:23,118 --> 01:47:27,519
see here so
2327
01:47:28,639 --> 01:47:36,140
you hear me yes we can okay
2328
01:47:33,600 --> 01:47:39,919
so give me a minute um
2329
01:47:36,140 --> 01:47:39,919
[Music]
2330
01:47:40,079 --> 01:47:43,679
it is recording my screen
2331
01:47:43,920 --> 01:47:48,399
and you can see my screen yes my project
2332
01:47:47,039 --> 01:47:51,840
all good to go
2333
01:47:48,399 --> 01:47:51,839
okay good
2334
01:47:52,000 --> 01:48:00,000
thank you team for the kind introduction
2335
01:47:55,439 --> 01:48:04,238
good morning from the country of sunrise
2336
01:48:00,000 --> 01:48:08,399
good day good afternoon good evening
2337
01:48:04,238 --> 01:48:08,399
to all from around the globe
2338
01:48:09,198 --> 01:48:13,839
in my today's presentation i will be
2339
01:48:11,118 --> 01:48:14,799
discussing about my experiences and
2340
01:48:13,840 --> 01:48:18,079
observations of
2341
01:48:14,800 --> 01:48:20,159
last two and a half decades and seismic
2342
01:48:18,079 --> 01:48:23,359
resilience of vernacular construction
2343
01:48:20,158 --> 01:48:26,479
along the himalayan arc i have two more
2344
01:48:23,359 --> 01:48:27,839
co-speakers professor jason ingham and
2345
01:48:26,479 --> 01:48:30,158
dr dimitrov
2346
01:48:27,840 --> 01:48:31,360
both from new zealand but i will be
2347
01:48:30,158 --> 01:48:35,039
presenting
2348
01:48:31,359 --> 01:48:37,679
this webinar thank you to ecomo
2349
01:48:35,039 --> 01:48:40,158
kamos for this opportunity to share my
2350
01:48:37,679 --> 01:48:42,560
observations
2351
01:48:40,158 --> 01:48:45,118
in my presentation today i'll be
2352
01:48:42,560 --> 01:48:48,080
discussing about
2353
01:48:45,118 --> 01:48:49,198
identifying seismic resilient vernacular
2354
01:48:48,079 --> 01:48:51,519
construction
2355
01:48:49,198 --> 01:48:53,599
missionary building systems along the
2356
01:48:51,520 --> 01:48:56,239
himalayan arc
2357
01:48:53,600 --> 01:48:57,280
and i'll evaluate their seismic
2358
01:48:56,238 --> 01:49:00,879
resilience
2359
01:48:57,279 --> 01:49:03,118
from uh from current engineering
2360
01:49:00,880 --> 01:49:07,279
perspective
2361
01:49:03,118 --> 01:49:09,920
my goal is not to romanticize or glorify
2362
01:49:07,279 --> 01:49:11,840
the vernacular construction but to
2363
01:49:09,920 --> 01:49:13,679
scrutinize
2364
01:49:11,840 --> 01:49:17,679
these because these are live
2365
01:49:13,679 --> 01:49:17,679
construction in himalayan region
2366
01:49:18,319 --> 01:49:21,439
but the fundamental question is why
2367
01:49:20,238 --> 01:49:23,039
should we study
2368
01:49:21,439 --> 01:49:24,879
this vernacular earthquake easily and
2369
01:49:23,039 --> 01:49:25,599
construct our vernacular construction at
2370
01:49:24,880 --> 01:49:28,719
all
2371
01:49:25,599 --> 01:49:29,760
because earthquake after earthquake it
2372
01:49:28,719 --> 01:49:32,560
has been proved
2373
01:49:29,760 --> 01:49:35,199
these are very weak highly vulnerable
2374
01:49:32,560 --> 01:49:35,199
construction
2375
01:49:36,000 --> 01:49:39,920
either you go to himalayas or anywhere
2376
01:49:38,479 --> 01:49:42,799
in the world
2377
01:49:39,920 --> 01:49:45,520
so why should we study them rather than
2378
01:49:42,800 --> 01:49:47,840
discarding them and bringing
2379
01:49:45,520 --> 01:49:51,119
something more modern which can provide
2380
01:49:47,840 --> 01:49:54,319
us better seismic safety
2381
01:49:51,118 --> 01:49:58,238
but in my opinion and my observations
2382
01:49:54,319 --> 01:50:01,198
in work in many countries i believe this
2383
01:49:58,238 --> 01:50:02,799
vernacular construction can provide
2384
01:50:01,198 --> 01:50:06,399
disaster risk reduction
2385
01:50:02,800 --> 01:50:08,560
in a sustainable way when i say
2386
01:50:06,399 --> 01:50:10,559
disaster risk reduction i am not talking
2387
01:50:08,560 --> 01:50:12,960
about only natural disasters
2388
01:50:10,560 --> 01:50:14,800
i am talking about cultural disaster and
2389
01:50:12,960 --> 01:50:18,158
i am also talking about
2390
01:50:14,800 --> 01:50:20,639
socio-economic disaster so they are
2391
01:50:18,158 --> 01:50:22,319
sustainable system because they
2392
01:50:20,639 --> 01:50:26,480
developed over the time
2393
01:50:22,319 --> 01:50:29,279
due to from the experience of the people
2394
01:50:26,479 --> 01:50:32,079
a large part of himalayas is still very
2395
01:50:29,279 --> 01:50:34,399
inaccessible
2396
01:50:32,079 --> 01:50:36,399
if we are talking about this vernacular
2397
01:50:34,399 --> 01:50:39,118
construction
2398
01:50:36,399 --> 01:50:40,638
the knowledge base is with the community
2399
01:50:39,118 --> 01:50:42,559
we don't need to bring
2400
01:50:40,639 --> 01:50:44,639
technical engineering knowledge from
2401
01:50:42,560 --> 01:50:46,480
outside
2402
01:50:44,639 --> 01:50:48,400
the material construction materials are
2403
01:50:46,479 --> 01:50:51,678
there
2404
01:50:48,399 --> 01:50:53,679
so people have no dependency and
2405
01:50:51,679 --> 01:50:57,760
importation of material
2406
01:50:53,679 --> 01:50:59,800
they are socioeconomically more amenable
2407
01:50:57,760 --> 01:51:00,960
they conserve culture and
2408
01:50:59,800 --> 01:51:04,480
environmentally
2409
01:51:00,960 --> 01:51:07,760
they are environmentally sustainable
2410
01:51:04,479 --> 01:51:11,279
because they require minimal
2411
01:51:07,760 --> 01:51:13,119
energy over their life cycle
2412
01:51:11,279 --> 01:51:14,719
but of course this building system have
2413
01:51:13,118 --> 01:51:16,719
their own problems
2414
01:51:14,719 --> 01:51:19,039
their own limitations that we need to
2415
01:51:16,719 --> 01:51:20,880
understand they can't fit everywhere
2416
01:51:19,039 --> 01:51:22,238
though they could be sustainable in
2417
01:51:20,880 --> 01:51:24,800
certain context
2418
01:51:22,238 --> 01:51:26,638
so we need to understand this but there
2419
01:51:24,800 --> 01:51:29,760
are certain
2420
01:51:26,639 --> 01:51:32,000
building types along the himalayas
2421
01:51:29,760 --> 01:51:33,679
with certain earthquake resilient
2422
01:51:32,000 --> 01:51:36,560
features
2423
01:51:33,679 --> 01:51:38,880
which has provided seismic safety over
2424
01:51:36,560 --> 01:51:41,599
the centuries
2425
01:51:38,880 --> 01:51:42,639
and in each earthquake they have proved
2426
01:51:41,599 --> 01:51:45,279
their
2427
01:51:42,639 --> 01:51:47,118
validity they are validated by
2428
01:51:45,279 --> 01:51:50,719
earthquakes
2429
01:51:47,118 --> 01:51:53,479
so let's look at the himalayas so from
2430
01:51:50,719 --> 01:51:55,760
east to east west it is something like
2431
01:51:53,479 --> 01:51:59,359
2400 kilometer long
2432
01:51:55,760 --> 01:52:03,280
and we all know himalayas are seat of
2433
01:51:59,359 --> 01:52:06,399
mega earthquakes many many magnitude
2434
01:52:03,279 --> 01:52:09,118
8 plus earthquakes but let's look at the
2435
01:52:06,399 --> 01:52:09,118
building types
2436
01:52:09,920 --> 01:52:13,920
so if you look from east to west from
2437
01:52:12,079 --> 01:52:16,559
bhutan to
2438
01:52:13,920 --> 01:52:17,760
almost close to palmyr west of pakistan
2439
01:52:16,560 --> 01:52:20,560
western pakistan
2440
01:52:17,760 --> 01:52:20,960
you see a lot of building types which
2441
01:52:20,560 --> 01:52:23,039
have
2442
01:52:20,960 --> 01:52:24,319
survived earthquakes after earthquakes
2443
01:52:23,039 --> 01:52:26,560
maybe some buildings are
2444
01:52:24,319 --> 01:52:27,920
weak some are stronger but the most
2445
01:52:26,560 --> 01:52:31,119
important thing is
2446
01:52:27,920 --> 01:52:33,840
how intuitively how intelligently
2447
01:52:31,118 --> 01:52:34,960
people have used whatever resources they
2448
01:52:33,840 --> 01:52:36,719
have
2449
01:52:34,960 --> 01:52:39,198
to make this building earthquake
2450
01:52:36,719 --> 01:52:41,359
resilient
2451
01:52:39,198 --> 01:52:42,319
so it is not a matter of weak or strong
2452
01:52:41,359 --> 01:52:45,439
it's a matter of
2453
01:52:42,319 --> 01:52:49,359
how intelligently the system has evolved
2454
01:52:45,439 --> 01:52:50,799
or developed if you look at these
2455
01:52:49,359 --> 01:52:52,960
building types
2456
01:52:50,800 --> 01:52:55,679
we can broadly classify these building
2457
01:52:52,960 --> 01:52:58,239
types in two groups
2458
01:52:55,679 --> 01:53:00,639
one is earthquake earthquake-less
2459
01:52:58,238 --> 01:53:04,879
mercenary buildings
2460
01:53:00,639 --> 01:53:04,880
where timber runners or bamboo runners
2461
01:53:05,279 --> 01:53:09,519
are laid along the length of the
2462
01:53:08,719 --> 01:53:11,279
building
2463
01:53:09,520 --> 01:53:12,800
and they are tied together by class
2464
01:53:11,279 --> 01:53:15,359
members
2465
01:53:12,800 --> 01:53:16,639
and these timber members these runners
2466
01:53:15,359 --> 01:53:22,238
tie whole building
2467
01:53:16,639 --> 01:53:24,960
together as a box and provide box action
2468
01:53:22,238 --> 01:53:26,799
these timber members subdivide masonry
2469
01:53:24,960 --> 01:53:31,439
in small parts
2470
01:53:26,800 --> 01:53:34,719
thereby it prevents widening of cracks
2471
01:53:31,439 --> 01:53:38,319
dangerously and then masonry
2472
01:53:34,719 --> 01:53:38,319
and timber work together
2473
01:53:39,198 --> 01:53:44,000
as a composite system to survive an
2474
01:53:42,960 --> 01:53:46,719
earthquake
2475
01:53:44,000 --> 01:53:47,920
or earthquake shaking the other system
2476
01:53:46,719 --> 01:53:50,319
if you look at
2477
01:53:47,920 --> 01:53:52,719
is basically timber framed masonry
2478
01:53:50,319 --> 01:53:52,719
buildings
2479
01:53:53,039 --> 01:53:56,399
good thing with this system is their
2480
01:53:55,118 --> 01:53:58,238
walls are very thin
2481
01:53:56,399 --> 01:54:00,238
something like four and a half inch to
2482
01:53:58,238 --> 01:54:03,759
18 depending on brick
2483
01:54:00,238 --> 01:54:06,399
or stone they have timber frames
2484
01:54:03,760 --> 01:54:07,760
with bracings but bracing doesn't need
2485
01:54:06,399 --> 01:54:10,638
to be accept
2486
01:54:07,760 --> 01:54:11,440
it could be any any configuration as you
2487
01:54:10,639 --> 01:54:14,079
can see
2488
01:54:11,439 --> 01:54:14,879
in the left photograph mercenary is
2489
01:54:14,079 --> 01:54:18,158
confined in
2490
01:54:14,880 --> 01:54:21,760
small compartments
2491
01:54:18,158 --> 01:54:25,118
and meso is held by timber and masonry
2492
01:54:21,760 --> 01:54:25,119
and timber work together
2493
01:54:25,439 --> 01:54:30,879
to develop a composite system
2494
01:54:28,719 --> 01:54:31,840
and these both systems have developed
2495
01:54:30,880 --> 01:54:33,679
over the time
2496
01:54:31,840 --> 01:54:35,360
through the experience and they have
2497
01:54:33,679 --> 01:54:38,000
survived well
2498
01:54:35,359 --> 01:54:38,880
but of course as i see along the
2499
01:54:38,000 --> 01:54:42,319
himalayas
2500
01:54:38,880 --> 01:54:44,480
there are more timberless system
2501
01:54:42,319 --> 01:54:46,158
than the timber frame system timber
2502
01:54:44,479 --> 01:54:50,238
frame system are muslian
2503
01:54:46,158 --> 01:54:54,319
western himalayas
2504
01:54:50,238 --> 01:54:57,519
time to look at their seismic uh safety
2505
01:54:54,319 --> 01:54:59,920
or to do assessment
2506
01:54:57,520 --> 01:55:00,960
if you look at earthquake engineering or
2507
01:54:59,920 --> 01:55:04,800
building safety
2508
01:55:00,960 --> 01:55:08,158
uh there are two ways for building
2509
01:55:04,800 --> 01:55:11,279
to be earthquake resilient either
2510
01:55:08,158 --> 01:55:16,879
building has to be very strong
2511
01:55:11,279 --> 01:55:16,880
or it must have deformation capacity
2512
01:55:17,599 --> 01:55:22,960
we all know these vernacular masonry
2513
01:55:20,800 --> 01:55:25,360
buildings are very weak
2514
01:55:22,960 --> 01:55:27,760
because the masonry is very weak because
2515
01:55:25,359 --> 01:55:28,158
of mud motor or many times there is no
2516
01:55:27,760 --> 01:55:32,639
more
2517
01:55:28,158 --> 01:55:34,479
motor we can't make strong
2518
01:55:32,639 --> 01:55:36,319
the motor we can't because there is no
2519
01:55:34,479 --> 01:55:39,118
alternative in many areas
2520
01:55:36,319 --> 01:55:40,960
or most of the areas i would say
2521
01:55:39,118 --> 01:55:45,039
connections of these buildings
2522
01:55:40,960 --> 01:55:48,960
are i would say cannot be made rigid
2523
01:55:45,039 --> 01:55:52,880
they are semi rigid we can't make them
2524
01:55:48,960 --> 01:55:55,599
rigid like welded or bolted connection
2525
01:55:52,880 --> 01:55:58,000
so they are relatively weaker than
2526
01:55:55,599 --> 01:56:01,199
industrialized modern materials
2527
01:55:58,000 --> 01:56:03,359
but the beautiful thing is the people
2528
01:56:01,198 --> 01:56:04,879
have turned these weakness into the
2529
01:56:03,359 --> 01:56:07,920
strength
2530
01:56:04,880 --> 01:56:08,960
so the building can survive earthquake
2531
01:56:07,920 --> 01:56:11,599
shaking
2532
01:56:08,960 --> 01:56:12,480
so basically people have adopted
2533
01:56:11,599 --> 01:56:15,520
deformation
2534
01:56:12,479 --> 01:56:16,638
route provide more and more deformation
2535
01:56:15,520 --> 01:56:19,760
capacity
2536
01:56:16,639 --> 01:56:22,639
to the system so they can survive an
2537
01:56:19,760 --> 01:56:26,000
earthquake it is something like saying
2538
01:56:22,639 --> 01:56:28,719
if i am flexible enough if you push me
2539
01:56:26,000 --> 01:56:29,840
i'll just deflect you can't push me any
2540
01:56:28,719 --> 01:56:33,198
further
2541
01:56:29,840 --> 01:56:34,000
because i am deflecting and that's how
2542
01:56:33,198 --> 01:56:38,719
these buildings
2543
01:56:34,000 --> 01:56:40,840
work but the important thing is
2544
01:56:38,719 --> 01:56:43,840
we lack understanding of these building
2545
01:56:40,840 --> 01:56:43,840
systems
2546
01:56:44,960 --> 01:56:48,239
this vernacular building system the
2547
01:56:46,719 --> 01:56:48,960
earthquake and resilient building
2548
01:56:48,238 --> 01:56:51,759
systems
2549
01:56:48,960 --> 01:56:53,679
work differently than the industrialized
2550
01:56:51,760 --> 01:56:56,719
modern materials
2551
01:56:53,679 --> 01:57:00,800
buildings constructed of cement
2552
01:56:56,719 --> 01:57:03,198
steel or reverse and our building cores
2553
01:57:00,800 --> 01:57:04,800
are written for these industrialized
2554
01:57:03,198 --> 01:57:08,479
modern materials
2555
01:57:04,800 --> 01:57:08,480
which are mostly monolithic
2556
01:57:08,880 --> 01:57:12,880
so we can't apply this building course
2557
01:57:11,039 --> 01:57:14,238
to this vernacular construction and
2558
01:57:12,880 --> 01:57:16,159
every time if you apply
2559
01:57:14,238 --> 01:57:18,000
what we find is these buildings are
2560
01:57:16,158 --> 01:57:20,000
unsafe or vulnerable
2561
01:57:18,000 --> 01:57:21,840
whereas this building has survived
2562
01:57:20,000 --> 01:57:25,198
earthquake after earthquake
2563
01:57:21,840 --> 01:57:27,679
so we need to rethink our strategy
2564
01:57:25,198 --> 01:57:30,559
or our approach to these buildings let's
2565
01:57:27,679 --> 01:57:30,560
take one example
2566
01:57:30,719 --> 01:57:34,480
on the left on the right there is a
2567
01:57:32,800 --> 01:57:37,279
building system
2568
01:57:34,479 --> 01:57:39,759
a base isolated building system and what
2569
01:57:37,279 --> 01:57:42,960
happens in base isolated building system
2570
01:57:39,760 --> 01:57:46,159
whole building remains as a rigid body
2571
01:57:42,960 --> 01:57:47,359
works as a rigid body without any
2572
01:57:46,158 --> 01:57:51,439
non-linearity
2573
01:57:47,359 --> 01:57:54,238
all the non-linearity or deformation
2574
01:57:51,439 --> 01:57:55,678
happens in the base and at the base
2575
01:57:54,238 --> 01:57:58,799
isolated system
2576
01:57:55,679 --> 01:58:00,480
in the base isolated system whereas if
2577
01:57:58,800 --> 01:58:02,719
you look at
2578
01:58:00,479 --> 01:58:05,118
this vernacular construction it's a
2579
01:58:02,719 --> 01:58:08,239
stone in one motor but with
2580
01:58:05,118 --> 01:58:11,759
reinforced concrete bends and you see
2581
01:58:08,238 --> 01:58:14,319
how it works because the motor has very
2582
01:58:11,760 --> 01:58:15,360
it doesn't have any strength practically
2583
01:58:14,319 --> 01:58:17,920
so
2584
01:58:15,359 --> 01:58:18,839
everything slides and rocks and that's
2585
01:58:17,920 --> 01:58:21,920
how it
2586
01:58:18,840 --> 01:58:25,840
works so let's see this
2587
01:58:21,920 --> 01:58:25,840
small video where did it go
2588
01:58:33,118 --> 01:58:37,439
so the consequences are because of our
2589
01:58:35,279 --> 01:58:40,479
lack of understanding
2590
01:58:37,439 --> 01:58:43,279
the consequences are of sorry
2591
01:58:40,479 --> 01:58:44,879
the consequences are here is a temple
2592
01:58:43,279 --> 01:58:48,559
from karphendo valley
2593
01:58:44,880 --> 01:58:49,920
is a five five-tier temple this temple
2594
01:58:48,560 --> 01:58:53,520
has survived
2595
01:58:49,920 --> 01:58:55,599
1833 earthquake 1934 earthquake
2596
01:58:53,520 --> 01:58:57,760
and recently 2015 earthquake with
2597
01:58:55,599 --> 01:59:00,079
minimal damage
2598
01:58:57,760 --> 01:59:01,119
all the studies completed until now i
2599
01:59:00,079 --> 01:59:05,198
have
2600
01:59:01,118 --> 01:59:07,439
seen so this building is this temple is
2601
01:59:05,198 --> 01:59:11,279
highly vulnerable to earthquakes
2602
01:59:07,439 --> 01:59:13,359
but no study i have seen it to indicate
2603
01:59:11,279 --> 01:59:15,439
why this building survived all the mega
2604
01:59:13,359 --> 01:59:17,679
earthquakes
2605
01:59:15,439 --> 01:59:19,439
that clearly shows we don't understand
2606
01:59:17,679 --> 01:59:22,480
these building systems
2607
01:59:19,439 --> 01:59:26,559
so we need to develop new strategy
2608
01:59:22,479 --> 01:59:26,559
to the understand this building system
2609
01:59:27,118 --> 01:59:32,799
the fundamental philosophy earthquake
2610
01:59:29,599 --> 01:59:32,800
safety is life safety
2611
01:59:34,719 --> 01:59:38,480
so we can't apply current building cores
2612
01:59:37,439 --> 01:59:40,719
or the standards
2613
01:59:38,479 --> 01:59:42,238
to evaluate these buildings so let's go
2614
01:59:40,719 --> 01:59:45,198
to the fundamentals
2615
01:59:42,238 --> 01:59:47,519
and look at these buildings from
2616
01:59:45,198 --> 01:59:50,799
fundamental principles
2617
01:59:47,520 --> 01:59:52,320
are these buildings really uh earthquake
2618
01:59:50,800 --> 01:59:55,360
shefa or they meet
2619
01:59:52,319 --> 01:59:57,599
earthquake resilient principles
2620
01:59:55,359 --> 01:59:59,039
so i evaluated these buildings from
2621
01:59:57,599 --> 02:00:02,319
configuration
2622
01:59:59,039 --> 02:00:04,880
integrity redundancy stiffness
2623
02:00:02,319 --> 02:00:06,399
deformability capability energy
2624
02:00:04,880 --> 02:00:12,400
dissipation and
2625
02:00:06,399 --> 02:00:14,079
reduced seismic weight
2626
02:00:12,399 --> 02:00:18,799
if you look at configuration point of
2627
02:00:14,079 --> 02:00:18,800
view these buildings are very simple
2628
02:00:19,679 --> 02:00:24,480
vertically and horizontally they are
2629
02:00:22,639 --> 02:00:27,920
very regular
2630
02:00:24,479 --> 02:00:28,638
their windows are very small the small
2631
02:00:27,920 --> 02:00:31,760
window means
2632
02:00:28,639 --> 02:00:34,319
there's a larger wall area to carry
2633
02:00:31,760 --> 02:00:37,039
seismic force
2634
02:00:34,319 --> 02:00:39,118
they have very well defined load paths
2635
02:00:37,039 --> 02:00:42,319
so the load can easily travel from
2636
02:00:39,118 --> 02:00:43,198
point of its origin to the ground if you
2637
02:00:42,319 --> 02:00:46,238
look at the
2638
02:00:43,198 --> 02:00:47,439
length to width ratio or lay height to
2639
02:00:46,238 --> 02:00:50,079
width ratio
2640
02:00:47,439 --> 02:00:51,118
it is a typically one to two and most of
2641
02:00:50,079 --> 02:00:55,519
the standards would
2642
02:00:51,118 --> 02:00:57,839
recommend this should be less than three
2643
02:00:55,520 --> 02:01:00,320
so this building from configuration
2644
02:00:57,840 --> 02:01:02,880
point of view are good buildings
2645
02:01:00,319 --> 02:01:04,319
if you look at the bottom left building
2646
02:01:02,880 --> 02:01:06,400
it is a circular building
2647
02:01:04,319 --> 02:01:07,679
and i am not sure if you are aware of
2648
02:01:06,399 --> 02:01:10,879
circular buildings
2649
02:01:07,679 --> 02:01:11,760
though indian force performed extremely
2650
02:01:10,880 --> 02:01:15,679
well
2651
02:01:11,760 --> 02:01:19,440
during gujarat earthquake in 2001
2652
02:01:15,679 --> 02:01:22,079
and this building is from west nepal
2653
02:01:19,439 --> 02:01:23,839
let's look at the integrity point of
2654
02:01:22,079 --> 02:01:26,319
view
2655
02:01:23,840 --> 02:01:27,840
my observation in many many earthquakes
2656
02:01:26,319 --> 02:01:30,880
is one of the
2657
02:01:27,840 --> 02:01:33,760
biggest reason of catastrophic failure
2658
02:01:30,880 --> 02:01:34,719
of vernacular construction or even any
2659
02:01:33,760 --> 02:01:38,000
building system
2660
02:01:34,719 --> 02:01:39,920
is loss of integrity
2661
02:01:38,000 --> 02:01:41,198
these earthquake resilient vernacular
2662
02:01:39,920 --> 02:01:45,279
construction system
2663
02:01:41,198 --> 02:01:47,439
have enhanced integrity
2664
02:01:45,279 --> 02:01:49,279
people have tried to use whatever they
2665
02:01:47,439 --> 02:01:53,519
have any resource
2666
02:01:49,279 --> 02:01:57,599
to improve integrity of these buildings
2667
02:01:53,520 --> 02:01:59,679
other thing is they are flexible joints
2668
02:01:57,599 --> 02:02:01,840
because they couldn't make rigid joints
2669
02:01:59,679 --> 02:02:05,199
but the beautiful thing with
2670
02:02:01,840 --> 02:02:07,599
flexible joint is they flex
2671
02:02:05,198 --> 02:02:08,799
thereby release energy but at the same
2672
02:02:07,599 --> 02:02:11,119
time they do not
2673
02:02:08,800 --> 02:02:13,039
over stress the connection or the
2674
02:02:11,118 --> 02:02:16,238
connecting elements
2675
02:02:13,039 --> 02:02:19,039
so the controlled movement helps
2676
02:02:16,238 --> 02:02:21,598
releasing energy but helps building to
2677
02:02:19,039 --> 02:02:21,599
deform
2678
02:02:23,599 --> 02:02:29,279
what about redundancy
2679
02:02:26,639 --> 02:02:31,199
any resilient system it could be even
2680
02:02:29,279 --> 02:02:33,759
our family
2681
02:02:31,198 --> 02:02:35,519
if our family is resilient that means it
2682
02:02:33,760 --> 02:02:38,400
must have a redundancy plan
2683
02:02:35,520 --> 02:02:40,960
it must have backup system these
2684
02:02:38,399 --> 02:02:44,079
building systems have
2685
02:02:40,960 --> 02:02:44,560
high redundancy because these buildings
2686
02:02:44,079 --> 02:02:47,840
have
2687
02:02:44,560 --> 02:02:47,840
multiple load paths
2688
02:02:48,880 --> 02:02:53,760
they have sacrificial elements so for
2689
02:02:51,920 --> 02:02:57,520
example if you look at the
2690
02:02:53,760 --> 02:02:58,560
left figure left image the part of wall
2691
02:02:57,520 --> 02:03:02,080
has collapsed
2692
02:02:58,560 --> 02:03:04,719
building is still standing well
2693
02:03:02,079 --> 02:03:05,760
so basically it is meeting the the its
2694
02:03:04,719 --> 02:03:08,800
requirement of
2695
02:03:05,760 --> 02:03:10,159
maintaining integrity if you look at the
2696
02:03:08,800 --> 02:03:13,520
central
2697
02:03:10,158 --> 02:03:14,719
miss you can see how badly walls have
2698
02:03:13,520 --> 02:03:17,199
deformed
2699
02:03:14,719 --> 02:03:18,480
due to 2005 pakistan earthquake or the
2700
02:03:17,198 --> 02:03:20,158
kashmir earthquake
2701
02:03:18,479 --> 02:03:21,519
and a few of the stones has already
2702
02:03:20,158 --> 02:03:25,598
fallen off
2703
02:03:21,520 --> 02:03:25,599
still wall is maintaining its integrity
2704
02:03:26,479 --> 02:03:30,399
so that means this system has very high
2705
02:03:28,800 --> 02:03:33,039
redundancy
2706
02:03:30,399 --> 02:03:33,439
and redundancy is one of the trait of
2707
02:03:33,039 --> 02:03:36,800
any
2708
02:03:33,439 --> 02:03:36,799
earthquake resilient system
2709
02:03:37,198 --> 02:03:42,399
what about stiffness one of the biggest
2710
02:03:40,880 --> 02:03:45,520
problem i have seen
2711
02:03:42,399 --> 02:03:47,839
in many many earthquakes is the
2712
02:03:45,520 --> 02:03:49,840
reinforced concrete frame building
2713
02:03:47,840 --> 02:03:51,679
barely suffer from soft history
2714
02:03:49,840 --> 02:03:55,199
mechanism
2715
02:03:51,679 --> 02:03:55,199
because of obvious reasons
2716
02:03:55,520 --> 02:03:59,119
though masonry buildings these
2717
02:03:57,198 --> 02:04:02,399
vernacular masonry buildings
2718
02:03:59,118 --> 02:04:04,479
are flexible in nature have enough
2719
02:04:02,399 --> 02:04:08,479
stiffness
2720
02:04:04,479 --> 02:04:10,799
to avoid such type of failure
2721
02:04:08,479 --> 02:04:12,959
of course this can happen to this build
2722
02:04:10,800 --> 02:04:16,159
these vernacular construction also
2723
02:04:12,960 --> 02:04:18,198
if earthquake is a very long
2724
02:04:16,158 --> 02:04:19,839
and very high intensity but
2725
02:04:18,198 --> 02:04:23,198
probabilistically that's
2726
02:04:19,840 --> 02:04:23,199
very unlikely to happen
2727
02:04:23,679 --> 02:04:28,560
so these buildings have enough stiffness
2728
02:04:26,960 --> 02:04:31,439
to survive earthquake though they are
2729
02:04:28,560 --> 02:04:31,440
very flexible
2730
02:04:33,599 --> 02:04:38,159
what about deformability these
2731
02:04:36,319 --> 02:04:41,198
vernacular construction systems
2732
02:04:38,158 --> 02:04:42,799
work on the deformability their capacity
2733
02:04:41,198 --> 02:04:45,598
to deform
2734
02:04:42,800 --> 02:04:48,960
but if many elements different elements
2735
02:04:45,599 --> 02:04:48,960
deform in different way
2736
02:04:50,399 --> 02:04:56,238
if and if they do not have compatibility
2737
02:04:53,760 --> 02:04:57,679
things would start breaking the moment
2738
02:04:56,238 --> 02:05:00,238
one element breaks
2739
02:04:57,679 --> 02:05:01,920
that chain of brave failure will start
2740
02:05:00,238 --> 02:05:03,439
and that would lead to catastrophic
2741
02:05:01,920 --> 02:05:05,440
failure
2742
02:05:03,439 --> 02:05:06,638
but the cool system good thing with
2743
02:05:05,439 --> 02:05:08,399
these systems is
2744
02:05:06,639 --> 02:05:10,480
they are very compatible different
2745
02:05:08,399 --> 02:05:13,759
elements are compatible
2746
02:05:10,479 --> 02:05:16,158
for example wall is sliding the motor
2747
02:05:13,760 --> 02:05:17,599
sorry missionary units are sliding past
2748
02:05:16,158 --> 02:05:21,920
each other they are rocking
2749
02:05:17,599 --> 02:05:26,319
like this the joints are flexible
2750
02:05:21,920 --> 02:05:30,719
or semi-rigid so all this control
2751
02:05:26,319 --> 02:05:33,279
movement avoids stress concentration
2752
02:05:30,719 --> 02:05:36,399
in particular elements thereby helps
2753
02:05:33,279 --> 02:05:36,399
building to survive
2754
02:05:37,039 --> 02:05:43,760
what about energy dissipation
2755
02:05:40,719 --> 02:05:45,359
as early as shown by many presenters
2756
02:05:43,760 --> 02:05:47,920
and you may have seen during many
2757
02:05:45,359 --> 02:05:50,639
earthquakes in the past earthquakes
2758
02:05:47,920 --> 02:05:53,840
masonry buildings are very large cracks
2759
02:05:50,639 --> 02:05:54,400
like this because these cracks have to
2760
02:05:53,840 --> 02:05:57,840
happen
2761
02:05:54,399 --> 02:06:01,198
to release energy because earthquake is
2762
02:05:57,840 --> 02:06:04,480
imparting energy to the building system
2763
02:06:01,198 --> 02:06:06,799
but what happens if there are seismic
2764
02:06:04,479 --> 02:06:06,799
bands
2765
02:06:06,960 --> 02:06:10,639
there are runners or frames let's look
2766
02:06:09,760 --> 02:06:14,000
at a video
2767
02:06:10,639 --> 02:06:17,118
here with timber frame
2768
02:06:14,000 --> 02:06:18,000
this test was completed in 2018 when we
2769
02:06:17,118 --> 02:06:20,960
completed a
2770
02:06:18,000 --> 02:06:21,359
very extensive test on masonry buildings
2771
02:06:20,960 --> 02:06:31,039
so
2772
02:06:21,359 --> 02:06:33,039
let's have a video
2773
02:06:31,039 --> 02:06:34,158
the acceleration of this video during
2774
02:06:33,039 --> 02:06:36,639
shaking was
2775
02:06:34,158 --> 02:06:38,399
1g that was the capacity of the table it
2776
02:06:36,639 --> 02:06:41,679
is 2 30 scale model
2777
02:06:38,399 --> 02:06:42,078
and you can see how mesonory is sliding
2778
02:06:41,679 --> 02:06:45,760
past
2779
02:06:42,078 --> 02:06:48,639
each other and units are rocking
2780
02:06:45,760 --> 02:06:50,079
so you can see through this sliding it
2781
02:06:48,639 --> 02:06:54,880
is releasing energy it's
2782
02:06:50,078 --> 02:06:54,880
like a friction damper or rocking damper
2783
02:06:55,679 --> 02:07:01,599
and the beautiful thing is in
2784
02:06:58,719 --> 02:07:02,319
the the left figure you see very large
2785
02:07:01,599 --> 02:07:05,119
cracks
2786
02:07:02,319 --> 02:07:05,759
but mud motor if there are timber bands
2787
02:07:05,118 --> 02:07:09,679
or the
2788
02:07:05,760 --> 02:07:12,800
some bands some form of tying elements
2789
02:07:09,679 --> 02:07:16,399
that the cracks are prevented
2790
02:07:12,800 --> 02:07:19,279
from widening dangerously
2791
02:07:16,399 --> 02:07:20,638
because these bands hold the masonry
2792
02:07:19,279 --> 02:07:23,439
together
2793
02:07:20,639 --> 02:07:26,400
and other thing is beautiful thing with
2794
02:07:23,439 --> 02:07:29,359
masonry in mud motor is because it is
2795
02:07:26,399 --> 02:07:32,399
always in cracked state
2796
02:07:29,359 --> 02:07:36,158
so that means degradation is very low
2797
02:07:32,399 --> 02:07:39,198
compared to high strength machinery
2798
02:07:36,158 --> 02:07:40,638
what about seismic mass people have
2799
02:07:39,198 --> 02:07:43,839
tried their best to reduce
2800
02:07:40,639 --> 02:07:46,960
mass for example in the central figure
2801
02:07:43,840 --> 02:07:46,960
bottom two stories are
2802
02:07:47,118 --> 02:07:54,319
masonry uh with timber bands but
2803
02:07:51,279 --> 02:07:55,679
one is a light structure same in that
2804
02:07:54,319 --> 02:07:57,439
this is
2805
02:07:55,679 --> 02:08:00,000
timber frame construction say from
2806
02:07:57,439 --> 02:08:00,000
pakistan
2807
02:08:00,158 --> 02:08:05,039
and just by doing this timber frame
2808
02:08:02,639 --> 02:08:08,000
people have reduced seismic weight by
2809
02:08:05,039 --> 02:08:08,800
almost one third to half so that's a
2810
02:08:08,000 --> 02:08:11,760
significance
2811
02:08:08,800 --> 02:08:14,239
reduction in seismic force that leads to
2812
02:08:11,760 --> 02:08:16,560
reduction in seismic force
2813
02:08:14,238 --> 02:08:17,919
what i mean is people have tried their
2814
02:08:16,560 --> 02:08:21,360
best
2815
02:08:17,920 --> 02:08:23,279
to improve the system if you put this
2816
02:08:21,359 --> 02:08:25,519
all seven attributes of seismic
2817
02:08:23,279 --> 02:08:29,039
resilience in
2818
02:08:25,520 --> 02:08:31,920
one figure together what we see
2819
02:08:29,039 --> 02:08:33,359
is more this shaded area better the
2820
02:08:31,920 --> 02:08:35,118
building is
2821
02:08:33,359 --> 02:08:38,559
so this is an unrained force machinery
2822
02:08:35,118 --> 02:08:42,399
building vernacular building again
2823
02:08:38,560 --> 02:08:45,440
but have very little
2824
02:08:42,399 --> 02:08:47,839
gray area that means this building is
2825
02:08:45,439 --> 02:08:51,839
highly vulnerable
2826
02:08:47,840 --> 02:08:54,239
but last building system
2827
02:08:51,840 --> 02:08:54,960
is a much much better than indian force
2828
02:08:54,238 --> 02:08:58,879
masonry
2829
02:08:54,960 --> 02:08:58,880
because very large shaded area
2830
02:08:59,118 --> 02:09:02,839
if you look at timber frame building
2831
02:09:00,800 --> 02:09:05,599
these are further
2832
02:09:02,840 --> 02:09:07,679
better
2833
02:09:05,599 --> 02:09:09,360
but we need to understand these timber
2834
02:09:07,679 --> 02:09:10,000
frames building are mostly one to two
2835
02:09:09,359 --> 02:09:12,399
story
2836
02:09:10,000 --> 02:09:13,520
whereas this timberless building can go
2837
02:09:12,399 --> 02:09:16,238
maybe three story
2838
02:09:13,520 --> 02:09:16,239
or even more
2839
02:09:16,639 --> 02:09:19,920
so each building type has their own
2840
02:09:18,800 --> 02:09:21,760
limitations
2841
02:09:19,920 --> 02:09:24,480
and there is strength and we need to
2842
02:09:21,760 --> 02:09:24,480
understand that
2843
02:09:24,719 --> 02:09:27,920
so the conclusion is
2844
02:09:28,078 --> 02:09:33,359
vernacular building systems are
2845
02:09:29,760 --> 02:09:36,960
sustainable building systems
2846
02:09:33,359 --> 02:09:38,078
and again i highlight when we look at
2847
02:09:36,960 --> 02:09:40,880
sustainability
2848
02:09:38,078 --> 02:09:41,759
it is not only earthquake or any natural
2849
02:09:40,880 --> 02:09:44,319
disaster
2850
02:09:41,760 --> 02:09:45,599
sustainability means cultural
2851
02:09:44,319 --> 02:09:48,238
sustainability
2852
02:09:45,599 --> 02:09:48,719
socioeconomic sustainability because
2853
02:09:48,238 --> 02:09:52,078
these
2854
02:09:48,719 --> 02:09:52,639
cars life these are important tenures of
2855
02:09:52,078 --> 02:09:55,679
life
2856
02:09:52,639 --> 02:09:58,319
not only the technology
2857
02:09:55,679 --> 02:09:59,679
barnacular earthquake resilient building
2858
02:09:58,319 --> 02:10:02,880
system can provide
2859
02:09:59,679 --> 02:10:04,960
earthquake safety sustainably so the
2860
02:10:02,880 --> 02:10:08,319
important thing is
2861
02:10:04,960 --> 02:10:11,599
to to mainstream
2862
02:10:08,319 --> 02:10:14,639
promote these strengths and mainstream
2863
02:10:11,599 --> 02:10:15,679
this construction system of course as i
2864
02:10:14,639 --> 02:10:17,359
mentioned earlier
2865
02:10:15,679 --> 02:10:19,760
these building systems are their own
2866
02:10:17,359 --> 02:10:22,238
weaknesses and strengths
2867
02:10:19,760 --> 02:10:24,400
and we need to study these weaknesses to
2868
02:10:22,238 --> 02:10:28,399
understand how we can improve them
2869
02:10:24,399 --> 02:10:32,158
using modern technologies
2870
02:10:28,399 --> 02:10:32,158
so that should be our goal
2871
02:10:33,118 --> 02:10:37,439
thank you very much ah this is all about
2872
02:10:35,920 --> 02:10:40,239
my presentation
2873
02:10:37,439 --> 02:10:40,879
and if you have any question please feel
2874
02:10:40,238 --> 02:10:44,559
free to
2875
02:10:40,880 --> 02:10:46,159
ask thank you thank you so much
2876
02:10:44,560 --> 02:10:48,320
chitandra for such a wonderful
2877
02:10:46,158 --> 02:10:52,158
presentations i
2878
02:10:48,319 --> 02:10:55,279
i particularly liked your um
2879
02:10:52,158 --> 02:10:57,439
your analogies trying to um
2880
02:10:55,279 --> 02:10:59,359
you know explain very difficult concepts
2881
02:10:57,439 --> 02:10:59,759
with very simple analogies and i think
2882
02:10:59,359 --> 02:11:01,679
it's
2883
02:10:59,760 --> 02:11:02,880
it gives us a great overview of why
2884
02:11:01,679 --> 02:11:05,359
traditional
2885
02:11:02,880 --> 02:11:06,639
um structures can work well so i would
2886
02:11:05,359 --> 02:11:08,399
like to pick up on that
2887
02:11:06,639 --> 02:11:10,000
now and if you could stop sharing your
2888
02:11:08,399 --> 02:11:13,198
screen so we can
2889
02:11:10,000 --> 02:11:15,039
get all of the panelists
2890
02:11:13,198 --> 02:11:17,678
on the screen then that would be great
2891
02:11:15,039 --> 02:11:20,880
thank you and so we will go on for about
2892
02:11:17,679 --> 02:11:22,800
another 15 minutes with discussion
2893
02:11:20,880 --> 02:11:25,840
based on the questions that were raised
2894
02:11:22,800 --> 02:11:28,560
and first of all i would like to um
2895
02:11:25,840 --> 02:11:30,400
go back to what you actually put on your
2896
02:11:28,560 --> 02:11:31,520
last slide jitendra and like the two
2897
02:11:30,399 --> 02:11:35,198
signs of change
2898
02:11:31,520 --> 02:11:37,920
versus go back to um the same old
2899
02:11:35,198 --> 02:11:39,678
and that that also brings me back to the
2900
02:11:37,920 --> 02:11:41,599
points that fernando raised about
2901
02:11:39,679 --> 02:11:43,118
traditional versus modern interventions
2902
02:11:41,599 --> 02:11:44,800
and rebuilding better
2903
02:11:43,118 --> 02:11:46,238
um and i was also really struggling
2904
02:11:44,800 --> 02:11:47,760
tendra by your comment there that we
2905
02:11:46,238 --> 02:11:51,118
should not glorify
2906
02:11:47,760 --> 02:11:53,039
um one slide back but better understand
2907
02:11:51,118 --> 02:11:54,399
traditional structures and so i wanted
2908
02:11:53,039 --> 02:11:56,800
to ask steve
2909
02:11:54,399 --> 02:11:58,399
to comment on that interaction of new
2910
02:11:56,800 --> 02:11:59,360
and old techniques in traditional
2911
02:11:58,399 --> 02:12:02,399
structures
2912
02:11:59,359 --> 02:12:03,598
based on different um approaches that
2913
02:12:02,399 --> 02:12:05,759
you presented steve
2914
02:12:03,599 --> 02:12:07,840
and maybe later jitendra you can uh
2915
02:12:05,760 --> 02:12:11,119
chime in on that as well
2916
02:12:07,840 --> 02:12:12,319
should i try steve okay i think we'll go
2917
02:12:11,118 --> 02:12:15,839
back to sleep first
2918
02:12:12,319 --> 02:12:17,920
um okay okay i i am here i
2919
02:12:15,840 --> 02:12:19,440
can't seem to turn on my video but um
2920
02:12:17,920 --> 02:12:22,480
i'm here
2921
02:12:19,439 --> 02:12:25,519
and um i'm interested in
2922
02:12:22,479 --> 02:12:28,238
the combat compatibility of
2923
02:12:25,520 --> 02:12:29,360
okay let's see start my video i'm
2924
02:12:28,238 --> 02:12:32,839
interested in the
2925
02:12:29,359 --> 02:12:35,759
um the issue of compatibility of
2926
02:12:32,840 --> 02:12:36,159
traditional and modern techniques i know
2927
02:12:35,760 --> 02:12:38,639
that
2928
02:12:36,158 --> 02:12:40,960
in the past uh materials such as
2929
02:12:38,639 --> 02:12:41,279
reinforced concrete reinforced concrete
2930
02:12:40,960 --> 02:12:44,239
is
2931
02:12:41,279 --> 02:12:46,319
concrete has become like the bad boy in
2932
02:12:44,238 --> 02:12:49,359
heritage conservation
2933
02:12:46,319 --> 02:12:52,639
and in many in many ways that
2934
02:12:49,359 --> 02:12:54,238
is that is earned but i don't think that
2935
02:12:52,639 --> 02:12:56,400
we should always just say
2936
02:12:54,238 --> 02:12:57,839
certain materials or certain techniques
2937
02:12:56,399 --> 02:13:00,319
um can't be used
2938
02:12:57,840 --> 02:13:02,000
it's really a question of compatibility
2939
02:13:00,319 --> 02:13:04,880
now in the presentations i
2940
02:13:02,000 --> 02:13:06,000
did i sh in haiti i showed that we
2941
02:13:04,880 --> 02:13:09,760
actually used
2942
02:13:06,000 --> 02:13:13,198
concrete in the foundations in bhutan
2943
02:13:09,760 --> 02:13:15,679
we got this uh horizontal uh tie
2944
02:13:13,198 --> 02:13:16,638
going like what jatendra was talking
2945
02:13:15,679 --> 02:13:19,520
about
2946
02:13:16,639 --> 02:13:20,800
using a uh using a polyethylene strap
2947
02:13:19,520 --> 02:13:22,239
and that is because
2948
02:13:20,800 --> 02:13:24,639
we couldn't go all the way around the
2949
02:13:22,238 --> 02:13:26,879
building and tie the wood in
2950
02:13:24,639 --> 02:13:27,679
the way that um the way that would have
2951
02:13:26,880 --> 02:13:31,199
been
2952
02:13:27,679 --> 02:13:32,000
deal based on the building that we had
2953
02:13:31,198 --> 02:13:35,759
but i think
2954
02:13:32,000 --> 02:13:39,399
that i think it is okay to look at
2955
02:13:35,760 --> 02:13:42,480
content materials and contemporary
2956
02:13:39,399 --> 02:13:45,198
techniques we should always start with
2957
02:13:42,479 --> 02:13:48,718
the guideline of
2958
02:13:45,198 --> 02:13:51,118
minimum intervention but
2959
02:13:48,719 --> 02:13:52,960
when we intervene on a building as
2960
02:13:51,118 --> 02:13:54,479
minimal as that intervention may be
2961
02:13:52,960 --> 02:13:56,639
it's going to be a change so there's
2962
02:13:54,479 --> 02:13:58,158
always going to be a change fernando was
2963
02:13:56,639 --> 02:13:59,840
talking about the change and the change
2964
02:13:58,158 --> 02:14:02,799
that we need to have
2965
02:13:59,840 --> 02:14:04,319
these are these are important topics but
2966
02:14:02,800 --> 02:14:07,119
we should always start with
2967
02:14:04,319 --> 02:14:08,238
what is minimum and the uh the
2968
02:14:07,118 --> 02:14:11,039
principles
2969
02:14:08,238 --> 02:14:12,879
that are there are scarce principles and
2970
02:14:11,039 --> 02:14:15,679
also the guidelines they're working
2971
02:14:12,880 --> 02:14:17,679
working with i like to look at these as
2972
02:14:15,679 --> 02:14:19,279
guidelines or road maps
2973
02:14:17,679 --> 02:14:21,039
is something that you can start with if
2974
02:14:19,279 --> 02:14:22,960
you're taking a trip you may look at a
2975
02:14:21,039 --> 02:14:23,920
roadmap but then you may decide to go a
2976
02:14:22,960 --> 02:14:27,520
different way
2977
02:14:23,920 --> 02:14:31,118
based on what based on what
2978
02:14:27,520 --> 02:14:34,159
road or sites that you want to see
2979
02:14:31,118 --> 02:14:37,039
so i think that we can have some
2980
02:14:34,158 --> 02:14:37,679
guidelines but we don't need to have
2981
02:14:37,039 --> 02:14:40,960
strict
2982
02:14:37,679 --> 02:14:43,440
rules i hope that that uh i hope that
2983
02:14:40,960 --> 02:14:45,039
that answers your question
2984
02:14:43,439 --> 02:14:47,039
it does it does any of the other
2985
02:14:45,039 --> 02:14:49,439
panelists chitandra for example wants to
2986
02:14:47,039 --> 02:14:49,439
chime in
2987
02:14:50,639 --> 02:14:55,840
you did you have a comment on that as
2988
02:14:52,960 --> 02:14:55,840
well
2989
02:14:56,479 --> 02:15:02,879
i would like to add to stephen
2990
02:14:59,679 --> 02:15:05,679
compatibility is important issue
2991
02:15:02,880 --> 02:15:06,400
and of course as i mentioned we need to
2992
02:15:05,679 --> 02:15:08,239
understand
2993
02:15:06,399 --> 02:15:09,920
limitations and strength of this
2994
02:15:08,238 --> 02:15:12,479
vernacular construction
2995
02:15:09,920 --> 02:15:13,359
and bring in modern science or modern
2996
02:15:12,479 --> 02:15:15,118
engineering
2997
02:15:13,359 --> 02:15:17,118
to improve them further rather than
2998
02:15:15,118 --> 02:15:19,118
discarding them and there is a lot of
2999
02:15:17,118 --> 02:15:21,359
opportunity to do that
3000
02:15:19,118 --> 02:15:22,399
because that time if you look at
3001
02:15:21,359 --> 02:15:24,158
historically
3002
02:15:22,399 --> 02:15:26,479
there are only five construction
3003
02:15:24,158 --> 02:15:30,479
materials along the himalayas
3004
02:15:26,479 --> 02:15:33,118
stone semi-burnt bricks mud
3005
02:15:30,479 --> 02:15:34,718
timber and bamboo but now we have more
3006
02:15:33,118 --> 02:15:36,399
materials
3007
02:15:34,719 --> 02:15:38,239
these buildings are very flexible and
3008
02:15:36,399 --> 02:15:40,879
they said stones or brick
3009
02:15:38,238 --> 02:15:42,158
so we can bring some confinement uh
3010
02:15:40,880 --> 02:15:44,800
polypropylene
3011
02:15:42,158 --> 02:15:45,359
or it could be wires or anything but
3012
02:15:44,800 --> 02:15:47,599
this
3013
02:15:45,359 --> 02:15:49,359
system should be compatible with the
3014
02:15:47,599 --> 02:15:52,078
existing system
3015
02:15:49,359 --> 02:15:54,000
so rather than destroying the philosophy
3016
02:15:52,078 --> 02:15:55,118
of existing system or the vernacular
3017
02:15:54,000 --> 02:15:57,840
construction system
3018
02:15:55,118 --> 02:15:59,439
we should be enhancing that properties
3019
02:15:57,840 --> 02:16:01,360
that characteristic
3020
02:15:59,439 --> 02:16:02,960
that's how i think and we did some
3021
02:16:01,359 --> 02:16:05,359
testing on that
3022
02:16:02,960 --> 02:16:07,039
some extensive set table testing that
3023
02:16:05,359 --> 02:16:08,960
could be one of the largest
3024
02:16:07,039 --> 02:16:10,560
testing program in this end time on
3025
02:16:08,960 --> 02:16:13,679
stone missionary and we found
3026
02:16:10,560 --> 02:16:15,920
fantastic results
3027
02:16:13,679 --> 02:16:18,239
i i think that's a great um that's a
3028
02:16:15,920 --> 02:16:19,840
great comment thank you um
3029
02:16:18,238 --> 02:16:21,598
i don't know fernando as this all
3030
02:16:19,840 --> 02:16:23,520
started with you i'm wondering if you
3031
02:16:21,599 --> 02:16:25,119
want to comment further or if we
3032
02:16:23,520 --> 02:16:26,719
should move on to the next one yes of
3033
02:16:25,118 --> 02:16:30,319
course i
3034
02:16:26,719 --> 02:16:30,319
i agree with stefan and
3035
02:16:30,719 --> 02:16:34,478
i like a definition of what means
3036
02:16:33,840 --> 02:16:37,679
minimum
3037
02:16:34,478 --> 02:16:42,239
intervention of philip garnier that
3038
02:16:37,679 --> 02:16:45,040
write in the chat i will read it that
3039
02:16:42,239 --> 02:16:45,760
he said that minimum intervention means
3040
02:16:45,040 --> 02:16:49,519
maximum
3041
02:16:45,760 --> 02:16:52,559
understanding so that is the idea
3042
02:16:49,519 --> 02:16:56,639
so uh when i talk
3043
02:16:52,558 --> 02:17:00,718
about the the change of of the idea
3044
02:16:56,638 --> 02:17:03,279
is that um we are
3045
02:17:00,718 --> 02:17:04,079
according with this karsa principle and
3046
02:17:03,280 --> 02:17:06,479
icomos
3047
02:17:04,079 --> 02:17:07,120
and of course the minimum intervention
3048
02:17:06,478 --> 02:17:11,119
is
3049
02:17:07,120 --> 02:17:14,559
uh a part of of of this
3050
02:17:11,120 --> 02:17:18,639
idea of intervention however uh
3051
02:17:14,558 --> 02:17:21,199
sometimes for professionals
3052
02:17:18,638 --> 02:17:24,159
involving the practitioners um and
3053
02:17:21,200 --> 02:17:24,159
unfortunately
3054
02:17:24,959 --> 02:17:29,358
at the same time in some part of the
3055
02:17:27,840 --> 02:17:31,760
authorities
3056
02:17:29,359 --> 02:17:33,359
they don't understand very well these
3057
02:17:31,760 --> 02:17:36,318
principles
3058
02:17:33,359 --> 02:17:37,439
so in the academia is well spread and
3059
02:17:36,318 --> 02:17:40,879
understanding
3060
02:17:37,439 --> 02:17:44,159
and etc so i try to
3061
02:17:40,879 --> 02:17:47,598
show how the practitioners are thinking
3062
02:17:44,159 --> 02:17:50,638
in mexico not not their academia so
3063
02:17:47,599 --> 02:17:52,398
when i say that we need to change the
3064
02:17:50,638 --> 02:17:55,438
idea is
3065
02:17:52,398 --> 02:17:59,599
the idea in the sense of
3066
02:17:55,439 --> 02:18:03,519
first we need to know the structure and
3067
02:17:59,599 --> 02:18:06,239
knowing the structure is how to
3068
02:18:03,519 --> 02:18:07,519
make the intervention of course taking
3069
02:18:06,239 --> 02:18:12,478
in account the minimum
3070
02:18:07,519 --> 02:18:12,478
intervention and when i said that uh
3071
02:18:13,280 --> 02:18:20,880
the general rules is not possible uh
3072
02:18:16,959 --> 02:18:24,159
i don't i don't say
3073
02:18:20,879 --> 02:18:27,358
that the guidelines is not okay
3074
02:18:24,159 --> 02:18:30,558
i i agree with stephen kelly that
3075
02:18:27,359 --> 02:18:32,960
it's a type of road map but
3076
02:18:30,558 --> 02:18:36,079
unfortunately the practitioners take
3077
02:18:32,959 --> 02:18:38,638
like a quick receipt that okay
3078
02:18:36,079 --> 02:18:39,679
the first step is this this this this
3079
02:18:38,638 --> 02:18:43,839
and i will
3080
02:18:39,679 --> 02:18:46,318
do these steps in all the cases
3081
02:18:43,840 --> 02:18:46,880
but without knowing the structure
3082
02:18:46,318 --> 02:18:50,318
without
3083
02:18:46,879 --> 02:18:53,839
knowing why the structure have
3084
02:18:50,318 --> 02:18:57,760
that damage so
3085
02:18:53,840 --> 02:19:00,960
i think that one
3086
02:18:57,760 --> 02:19:04,318
aim of the academy is to spread
3087
02:19:00,959 --> 02:19:07,759
this knowledge to the practitioners and
3088
02:19:04,318 --> 02:19:11,439
in the first place to the authorities
3089
02:19:07,760 --> 02:19:14,478
because uh when i talk to authorities
3090
02:19:11,439 --> 02:19:15,120
is in all levels of authorities in
3091
02:19:14,478 --> 02:19:18,318
general
3092
02:19:15,120 --> 02:19:22,160
the directors of uh the institute
3093
02:19:18,318 --> 02:19:25,599
that is uh regarding to conservation
3094
02:19:22,159 --> 02:19:26,638
of uh the architectural heritage in
3095
02:19:25,599 --> 02:19:29,439
mexico
3096
02:19:26,638 --> 02:19:29,759
they understand very well these concepts
3097
02:19:29,439 --> 02:19:33,200
and
3098
02:19:29,760 --> 02:19:36,639
these ideas how to conserve
3099
02:19:33,200 --> 02:19:39,760
but they is though authorities
3100
02:19:36,638 --> 02:19:42,638
that they are in field and
3101
02:19:39,760 --> 02:19:43,760
they are working with the practitioners
3102
02:19:42,638 --> 02:19:47,679
sometimes
3103
02:19:43,760 --> 02:19:50,079
they are not full understand these ideas
3104
02:19:47,679 --> 02:19:52,159
thank you so much um i would like to
3105
02:19:50,079 --> 02:19:54,879
move on to another point that was made
3106
02:19:52,159 --> 02:19:55,280
um a couple of times in the chat i think
3107
02:19:54,879 --> 02:19:57,839
um
3108
02:19:55,280 --> 02:19:59,280
it was very well voiced by fateme saraj
3109
02:19:57,840 --> 02:20:01,040
who said that
3110
02:19:59,280 --> 02:20:02,399
many of the construction techniques that
3111
02:20:01,040 --> 02:20:06,479
amina was showing
3112
02:20:02,398 --> 02:20:09,119
in algeria were very similar
3113
02:20:06,478 --> 02:20:10,000
to what was what you could find in iran
3114
02:20:09,120 --> 02:20:12,160
for example
3115
02:20:10,000 --> 02:20:13,280
and i was wondering if amina or merdot
3116
02:20:12,159 --> 02:20:15,359
could
3117
02:20:13,280 --> 02:20:18,880
maybe comment on that transfer of
3118
02:20:15,359 --> 02:20:18,880
technology and similarities
3119
02:20:19,760 --> 02:20:26,159
i think that yes
3120
02:20:23,120 --> 02:20:29,280
it's probable because
3121
02:20:26,159 --> 02:20:31,439
there is a transfer there is transfer of
3122
02:20:29,280 --> 02:20:34,560
technology i know that between the
3123
02:20:31,439 --> 02:20:36,720
uh um
3124
02:20:34,559 --> 02:20:37,840
the two side of the mediterranean basin
3125
02:20:36,719 --> 02:20:41,279
there is transfer
3126
02:20:37,840 --> 02:20:43,120
of different technologies or different
3127
02:20:41,280 --> 02:20:46,319
techniques of constriction
3128
02:20:43,120 --> 02:20:49,840
but and using the
3129
02:20:46,318 --> 02:20:54,478
logs of wood in the measuring
3130
02:20:49,840 --> 02:20:54,478
uh i think that the last um
3131
02:20:55,120 --> 02:21:01,600
the last country
3132
02:20:58,318 --> 02:21:04,639
or the um yes the country that i uh
3133
02:21:01,600 --> 02:21:08,559
i'm sure that there is this techniques
3134
02:21:04,639 --> 02:21:12,478
is syria because they discovered
3135
02:21:08,559 --> 02:21:15,760
during the um they they discovered
3136
02:21:12,478 --> 02:21:20,000
uh in lataki that the
3137
02:21:15,760 --> 02:21:23,040
historical building uh constructed after
3138
02:21:20,000 --> 02:21:24,398
the major earthquake historical mother
3139
02:21:23,040 --> 02:21:27,600
earthquake
3140
02:21:24,398 --> 02:21:30,719
uh with the earthen they they they
3141
02:21:27,600 --> 02:21:34,399
reinforced the earth and the rent
3142
02:21:30,719 --> 02:21:37,438
uh they ran the earth
3143
02:21:34,398 --> 02:21:37,920
constriction with the wood and it is
3144
02:21:37,439 --> 02:21:41,840
written
3145
02:21:37,920 --> 02:21:44,960
in logarithmic language
3146
02:21:41,840 --> 02:21:48,559
so i'm not for the
3147
02:21:44,959 --> 02:21:50,398
part of um from iran i'm not sure and i
3148
02:21:48,559 --> 02:21:54,079
don't know if there is this
3149
02:21:50,398 --> 02:21:57,519
similarity between the
3150
02:21:54,079 --> 02:22:01,439
magribun region and the eastern region
3151
02:21:57,520 --> 02:22:04,880
so if possible mayhem can say
3152
02:22:01,439 --> 02:22:09,840
can explain to us if there is this kind
3153
02:22:04,879 --> 02:22:09,839
of techniques in his country
3154
02:22:09,920 --> 02:22:13,600
yes actually i don't think that there is
3155
02:22:13,280 --> 02:22:17,040
a
3156
02:22:13,600 --> 02:22:19,120
need for a transmission
3157
02:22:17,040 --> 02:22:20,800
of techniques between the two countries
3158
02:22:19,120 --> 02:22:24,640
because
3159
02:22:20,799 --> 02:22:26,719
first the uh the climate
3160
02:22:24,639 --> 02:22:29,680
of algeria is very similar to the
3161
02:22:26,719 --> 02:22:33,358
climate of central iran which is
3162
02:22:29,680 --> 02:22:35,760
war and also the people
3163
02:22:33,359 --> 02:22:37,439
in these two countries had the same
3164
02:22:35,760 --> 02:22:40,880
problems
3165
02:22:37,439 --> 02:22:43,359
and also they had
3166
02:22:40,879 --> 02:22:43,920
both people in people in both countries
3167
02:22:43,359 --> 02:22:46,559
were
3168
02:22:43,920 --> 02:22:48,318
human beings and they had their own
3169
02:22:46,559 --> 02:22:51,039
knowledge and therefore
3170
02:22:48,318 --> 02:22:51,519
to solve the same problem they reach the
3171
02:22:51,040 --> 02:22:55,280
same
3172
02:22:51,520 --> 02:22:58,479
solution that's simple probably
3173
02:22:55,280 --> 02:23:00,960
sometimes there would be some
3174
02:22:58,478 --> 02:23:03,039
exchange of knowledge but between
3175
02:23:00,959 --> 02:23:04,959
algeria and iran i don't think there
3176
02:23:03,040 --> 02:23:05,920
have been such an exchange of knowledge
3177
02:23:04,959 --> 02:23:08,719
during the
3178
02:23:05,920 --> 02:23:09,200
history and therefore i think it's the
3179
02:23:08,719 --> 02:23:13,119
same
3180
02:23:09,200 --> 02:23:16,880
solution to the same problem and
3181
02:23:13,120 --> 02:23:20,240
that's it the material is the same the
3182
02:23:16,879 --> 02:23:22,879
climate is the same and also
3183
02:23:20,239 --> 02:23:25,840
the mentality of the two people two
3184
02:23:22,879 --> 02:23:29,839
nations are the same it is just the
3185
02:23:25,840 --> 02:23:32,960
matter of same problem same
3186
02:23:29,840 --> 02:23:33,520
solution i think that is a wonderful
3187
02:23:32,959 --> 02:23:36,318
comment
3188
02:23:33,520 --> 02:23:38,479
um to indeed like recognize that several
3189
02:23:36,318 --> 02:23:40,318
of these techniques
3190
02:23:38,478 --> 02:23:42,318
recur all around the world and often
3191
02:23:40,318 --> 02:23:45,680
people have arrived at the same
3192
02:23:42,318 --> 02:23:47,519
solution because it just makes sense
3193
02:23:45,680 --> 02:23:49,359
with that said i'm being mindful of the
3194
02:23:47,520 --> 02:23:52,239
time i would like to thank
3195
02:23:49,359 --> 02:23:54,318
all of our panelists once more for
3196
02:23:52,239 --> 02:23:56,799
making time to
3197
02:23:54,318 --> 02:23:58,478
attend the webinar i would also and
3198
02:23:56,799 --> 02:24:00,559
speak at the webinar i would also like
3199
02:23:58,478 --> 02:24:04,159
to remind everyone that there is a first
3200
02:24:00,559 --> 02:24:04,879
and final part to this webinar series on
3201
02:24:04,159 --> 02:24:08,000
thursday
3202
02:24:04,879 --> 02:24:08,559
april the 14th and with that i would
3203
02:24:08,000 --> 02:24:09,840
also
3204
02:24:08,559 --> 02:24:11,199
finally like to thank all the
3205
02:24:09,840 --> 02:24:12,559
participants for the active
3206
02:24:11,200 --> 02:24:19,280
participation
3207
02:24:12,559 --> 02:24:19,279
in the chat thank you so much
217336
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.