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Narrator: Alcatraz -- the most
famous prison in the world,
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00:00:05,606 --> 00:00:10,109
Where america's most notorious
criminals are incarcerated.
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00:00:10,111 --> 00:00:12,244
Harp: When you break the rules,
you go to jail.
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00:00:12,246 --> 00:00:15,180
When you break the rules
in jail, you go to alcatraz.
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00:00:15,182 --> 00:00:18,851
Narrator: Known as "the rock,"
designed to be inescapable...
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00:00:18,853 --> 00:00:21,086
Komas: This place was built
like a fortress.
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00:00:21,088 --> 00:00:24,123
You have to wonder how anybody
ever escaped from here.
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00:00:24,125 --> 00:00:26,825
...Only the most fearless
would dare to try.
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00:00:26,827 --> 00:00:30,829
All these layers of security,
the thick concrete walls --
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00:00:30,831 --> 00:00:33,932
This was a place for the hard
of the hardest criminals.
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00:00:35,136 --> 00:00:37,169
Narrator:
Now investigators use
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00:00:37,171 --> 00:00:38,837
Innovative
radar scanning equipment
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00:00:38,839 --> 00:00:41,907
To uncover
the island's secret past.
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Komas: These prisoners
are telling us
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Something about their time here.
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00:00:46,347 --> 00:00:48,113
Narrator:
What really lies behind
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The prison's
unbreakable reputation?
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00:00:50,918 --> 00:00:53,919
Wow. It's completely destroyed.
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Narrator: To solve the mysteries
of alcatraz,
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We'll break into
this iconic jail,
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00:00:59,794 --> 00:01:01,927
Blowing up its cell doors
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00:01:01,929 --> 00:01:05,964
And stripping away
its barbed wire-topped walls
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00:01:05,966 --> 00:01:10,135
To reveal what finally breaks
the rock.
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-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
discovery communications
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♪
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Alcatraz stands
more than a mile
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Out into the waters of
san francisco bay,
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Its iconic prison block a beacon
of crime and punishment.
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For decades, this island is home
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To the most wanted men
in america --
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Al capone, machine gun kelly,
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00:01:44,038 --> 00:01:47,306
Robert stroud, "the birdman."
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The convicts that came here
couldn't be held anywhere else.
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Narrator:
What engineering secrets
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Lie behind
its legendary reputation?
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00:01:57,952 --> 00:02:01,954
The rock is designed as a prison
inside a prison.
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00:02:01,956 --> 00:02:06,258
The outer wall
is over 2 feet thick.
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00:02:06,260 --> 00:02:13,665
Inside are over 300 cells
stacked three stories high,
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00:02:13,667 --> 00:02:17,870
And a 2-ton steel door
blocks the only exit.
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00:02:17,872 --> 00:02:21,073
♪
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Outside, 12-foot-tall fences
topped with razor wire,
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All surrounded
by six tall watchtowers
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With guards who shoot to kill.
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Alcatraz is the original
supermax penitentiary,
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00:02:36,690 --> 00:02:39,758
But why is the world's
first maximum security prison
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00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:41,093
Built here?
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00:02:43,063 --> 00:02:48,433
In the 1800s, alcatraz island
is home to a military fort.
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00:02:48,435 --> 00:02:53,205
Historic buildings expert
tanya komas wants to find out
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00:02:53,207 --> 00:02:57,943
If this mysterious structure
influences the later prison.
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She uses
ground-penetrating radar
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00:03:00,114 --> 00:03:03,582
To search
for its hidden remains.
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00:03:03,584 --> 00:03:05,617
We've been able to scan
the wreck yard here,
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00:03:05,619 --> 00:03:08,187
And this scan shows us something
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00:03:08,189 --> 00:03:09,955
That we sort of knew
might be there,
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00:03:09,957 --> 00:03:12,558
And the science
was able to confirm it.
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00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:14,826
What we're looking at here
is the recreation yard.
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00:03:14,828 --> 00:03:16,328
The steps are here.
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00:03:16,330 --> 00:03:18,797
There's the stairs
and the cell houses up above.
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00:03:18,799 --> 00:03:20,265
There is an actual structure
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00:03:20,267 --> 00:03:23,468
Running east-west
right beneath the wreck yard.
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00:03:23,470 --> 00:03:26,738
Narrator: The scan locates
a long earthen mound.
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00:03:26,740 --> 00:03:29,474
Running beneath it
is a masonry magazine,
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00:03:29,476 --> 00:03:32,644
A structure used
to store ammunition.
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00:03:32,646 --> 00:03:35,547
This scan shows us that
right under our feet here
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00:03:35,549 --> 00:03:38,917
Is the historic
military fortress.
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00:03:38,919 --> 00:03:42,187
♪
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It's a part of a much bigger
system of structures
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On this island.
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Narrator: In its prime,
200 soldiers operate
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00:03:51,065 --> 00:03:54,733
The extensive arsenal of
alcatraz's military fortress.
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00:03:57,004 --> 00:03:59,805
Tanya thinks this
earlier occupation of the island
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00:03:59,807 --> 00:04:02,841
Shapes the development
of the modern prison building.
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00:04:02,843 --> 00:04:06,178
♪
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00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:10,816
Buried under the main cellblocks
lie the most substantial remains
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Of the military fort
embedded into the bedrock.
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Bare rooms,
some just 4 feet wide,
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With thin rifle slits
for windows,
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Look out to a dry moat.
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This compound is made entirely
from brick,
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But intriguingly,
scratched out graffiti, names
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00:04:35,676 --> 00:04:42,047
And dates reveal that these
rooms once held people captive.
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00:04:42,049 --> 00:04:45,317
Does alcatraz's reputation
as a brutal lockup
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Go back much further
than we think?
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♪
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Built in 1859,
this underground basement
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Is part of the main
defensive stronghold.
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♪
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Tanya has unique access
to explore this dungeon.
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00:05:06,974 --> 00:05:08,640
Komas: It would have
been horrific
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00:05:08,642 --> 00:05:10,208
To be in a cell like this.
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00:05:10,210 --> 00:05:11,610
There are stories of people
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Sleeping on their hands
and knees
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00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:17,015
To avoid too much contact
with the cold concrete.
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00:05:17,017 --> 00:05:18,517
You wouldn't even know
what time of day it is.
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00:05:18,519 --> 00:05:20,752
This would not have been
the place to be.
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00:05:23,490 --> 00:05:25,457
Narrator:
Laser scanning reveals
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The true extent
of this hidden world.
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00:05:28,395 --> 00:05:30,395
Built directly into the rock,
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00:05:30,397 --> 00:05:34,666
The citadel is an incredible
feat of engineering.
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00:05:34,668 --> 00:05:37,269
This 3-d laser scan
takes us down
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Into what's beneath
the modern prison.
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00:05:40,107 --> 00:05:41,440
This brick structure
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Was the largest structure
on the island
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00:05:43,844 --> 00:05:46,311
At that point
in the island's history.
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00:05:46,313 --> 00:05:48,647
This model is a great way
to visualize
107
00:05:48,649 --> 00:05:51,583
Not only how the basement of
the citadel was used,
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00:05:51,585 --> 00:05:57,155
But these three spaces were
among the first prison cells
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On alcatraz island.
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00:06:00,994 --> 00:06:03,095
Narrator:
During the military occupation,
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00:06:03,097 --> 00:06:05,330
Engineers realized that
the citadel is
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00:06:05,332 --> 00:06:09,234
Much better suited
as a military prison.
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00:06:09,236 --> 00:06:12,137
By the end of the century,
these small brick rooms
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00:06:12,139 --> 00:06:15,273
Are filled
with nearly 50 prisoners.
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00:06:15,275 --> 00:06:18,844
The island's function as
a prison is firmly established.
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♪
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How does alcatraz go from being
a tiny military prison
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00:06:27,020 --> 00:06:29,921
To the huge federal penitentiary
we see today?
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00:06:29,923 --> 00:06:33,658
♪
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The answer could lie with
the darkest chapter
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00:06:36,163 --> 00:06:39,364
In san francisco's history.
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00:06:39,366 --> 00:06:42,801
In 1906, a massive earthquake,
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00:06:42,803 --> 00:06:47,606
7.9 on the richter scale,
destroys most of the city.
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00:06:50,043 --> 00:06:52,411
But it leaves alcatraz standing.
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00:06:52,413 --> 00:06:56,982
♪
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Tanya thinks this is a key
to what makes alcatraz
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00:07:00,287 --> 00:07:04,856
The prime location
for a maximum security prison.
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00:07:04,858 --> 00:07:08,360
To find out more about
what happens during the quake,
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00:07:08,362 --> 00:07:12,664
Tanya heads
to meet geologist jack mayer.
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00:07:12,666 --> 00:07:15,033
So why did alcatraz
stand so strong
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00:07:15,035 --> 00:07:17,903
When the rest of the city
shook and fell?
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00:07:17,905 --> 00:07:20,439
Well, this was the problem.
133
00:07:20,441 --> 00:07:23,742
This is the bay mud
under san francisco.
134
00:07:23,744 --> 00:07:27,245
We know it's bay mud
because of these shells.
135
00:07:27,247 --> 00:07:30,148
This stuff is extremely soft.
136
00:07:30,150 --> 00:07:32,050
When it's wet, it liquefies.
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00:07:32,052 --> 00:07:33,952
Put under pressure,
it shakes,
138
00:07:33,954 --> 00:07:37,422
And it shakes violently
and unpredictably.
139
00:07:37,424 --> 00:07:39,558
That's the foundation
of san francisco.
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00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:40,759
That's amazing.
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00:07:40,761 --> 00:07:42,861
No wonder the devastation
of the earthquake.
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00:07:42,863 --> 00:07:45,897
This is the stuff that fell
apart when the earthquake came,
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00:07:45,899 --> 00:07:48,733
And the buildings on top
really didn't stand a chance.
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00:07:50,571 --> 00:07:52,737
Narrator: Most of san francisco
stands on land
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Reclaimed from the ocean.
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00:07:54,708 --> 00:07:57,909
♪
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00:07:57,911 --> 00:08:02,080
The bay mud
allows the city to grow,
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00:08:02,082 --> 00:08:04,983
But this soil is wet and soft.
149
00:08:04,985 --> 00:08:09,354
The 1906 quake turns the ground
into quicksand.
150
00:08:09,356 --> 00:08:12,457
More than 28,000 buildings
are destroyed,
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00:08:12,459 --> 00:08:15,327
Including four
of the city's prisons.
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00:08:15,329 --> 00:08:19,731
Lines of evacuated convicts
walked the streets,
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00:08:19,733 --> 00:08:24,135
But the citadel in alcatraz sits
directly on hard rock.
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The shock waves pass through it,
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00:08:26,006 --> 00:08:29,307
And it survives the quake
with barely a scratch.
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Alcatraz is the last functioning
prison in san francisco,
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00:08:35,482 --> 00:08:38,316
So the city ships its prisoners
to the rock.
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♪
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This is the geology of
alcatraz -- no sand, no mud.
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It's solid rock.
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It's easy to see
how this would have performed
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00:08:51,598 --> 00:08:52,931
In the earthquake.
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00:08:52,933 --> 00:08:55,634
It would've stayed strong
the entire time.
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00:08:55,636 --> 00:08:59,704
♪
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Narrator: The island's bedrock
lays the foundations
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00:09:02,276 --> 00:09:05,510
For its unbreakable reputation.
167
00:09:05,512 --> 00:09:10,749
Soon after the quake, the iconic
prison we see today is built.
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00:09:10,751 --> 00:09:15,153
In 1934, the island becomes
a federal penitentiary,
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00:09:15,155 --> 00:09:19,124
Home to convicts
no other prison can hold.
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00:09:19,126 --> 00:09:20,692
But in the rush to build
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00:09:20,694 --> 00:09:23,161
The world's first super prison
here,
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Do engineers
make fatal mistakes?
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♪
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♪
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Narrator: Alcatraz island
in san francisco bay --
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Convicts who have broken out
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Of every other prison
in the u.S. Are brought here.
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00:09:50,691 --> 00:09:52,023
To get ready for them,
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00:09:52,025 --> 00:09:56,394
Engineers overhaul the building
to maximum security.
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00:09:56,396 --> 00:09:58,063
Harp: They completely revamped
the place.
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00:09:58,065 --> 00:10:00,899
It was fortified like
a modern-day prison.
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00:10:00,901 --> 00:10:03,168
Narrator: They install
new hardened steel bars
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On every window and door,
184
00:10:05,439 --> 00:10:07,439
And a mechanical locking system
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00:10:07,441 --> 00:10:10,408
With no keys
for prisoners to steal.
186
00:10:10,410 --> 00:10:12,611
Harp: It's that whole mind-set
of control.
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00:10:12,613 --> 00:10:16,114
Once you're on alcatraz,
they own you.
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00:10:16,116 --> 00:10:17,449
Narrator: They arm the guards
189
00:10:17,451 --> 00:10:19,985
With the most up-to-date
weapons.
190
00:10:19,987 --> 00:10:23,788
This new super prison is said
to be escape-proof.
191
00:10:23,790 --> 00:10:25,991
[ door clanks, bird calls ]
192
00:10:25,993 --> 00:10:29,127
You get on this island,
there's no getting off.
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00:10:29,129 --> 00:10:33,465
Narrator: But in 1937,
just three years after it opens,
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00:10:33,467 --> 00:10:36,668
Two convicts,
theodore cole and ralph roe,
195
00:10:36,670 --> 00:10:40,271
Find a chink in its armor.
196
00:10:40,273 --> 00:10:42,607
Rather than targeting
the main cellblock,
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00:10:42,609 --> 00:10:46,011
They turn their attention
to the industries building.
198
00:10:46,013 --> 00:10:49,180
It's the block
where the prisoners work,
199
00:10:49,182 --> 00:10:51,916
And it sits on the edge
of the island.
200
00:10:54,421 --> 00:10:57,689
The men get to work
in the blacksmith's workshop.
201
00:10:57,691 --> 00:11:00,458
After many weeks of sawing
through the steel,
202
00:11:00,460 --> 00:11:03,995
Cole and roe tear out two bars
203
00:11:03,997 --> 00:11:07,565
And punch out
unreinforced glass.
204
00:11:07,567 --> 00:11:10,435
Squeezing through
the 9-inch gap,
205
00:11:10,437 --> 00:11:12,904
They drop down
behind a 10-foot fence
206
00:11:12,906 --> 00:11:14,839
Topped with barbed wire
207
00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:16,808
And follow it to a small gate.
208
00:11:16,810 --> 00:11:18,009
[ metal clangs ]
209
00:11:18,011 --> 00:11:20,979
They smash the lock
with a stolen wrench,
210
00:11:20,981 --> 00:11:24,549
And, the theory goes,
they use old car tires
211
00:11:24,551 --> 00:11:28,486
To cushion the 20-foot jump
down onto the hard rock
212
00:11:28,488 --> 00:11:33,158
And old fuel canisters
to float off the island.
213
00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:36,094
How could they escape
the most secure jail on earth
214
00:11:36,096 --> 00:11:37,862
In broad daylight?
215
00:11:37,864 --> 00:11:41,866
♪
216
00:11:41,868 --> 00:11:45,270
Retired fbi agent jeff harp
has spent a career
217
00:11:45,272 --> 00:11:48,339
Putting bad guys behind bars.
218
00:11:48,341 --> 00:11:51,976
He investigates alcatraz's
escape attempts.
219
00:11:51,978 --> 00:11:54,446
Harp: You had to be
a very determined prisoner
220
00:11:54,448 --> 00:11:57,716
To get out of this place.
221
00:11:57,718 --> 00:11:59,084
Narrator: He wants to find out
222
00:11:59,086 --> 00:12:00,752
If the prison's
famous reputation
223
00:12:00,754 --> 00:12:04,989
Hides a fatal flaw
in its construction.
224
00:12:04,991 --> 00:12:07,726
Jeff believes that the workshop
is a weak spot
225
00:12:07,728 --> 00:12:11,896
That helps cole and roe
to escape.
226
00:12:11,898 --> 00:12:14,699
Harp: They had access to
all sorts of tools and equipment
227
00:12:14,701 --> 00:12:16,701
To build things
while they were thinking about
228
00:12:16,703 --> 00:12:19,871
How they might be able
to escape.
229
00:12:19,873 --> 00:12:21,406
Narrator: A 3-d model reveals
230
00:12:21,408 --> 00:12:25,744
How the men turned the block's
floor plan to their advantage.
231
00:12:25,746 --> 00:12:28,413
So as you can see from
the design of the this building,
232
00:12:28,415 --> 00:12:30,749
Prisoners had
a lot of places to hide.
233
00:12:30,751 --> 00:12:34,552
As the guard's making
his pathway up this wall here,
234
00:12:34,554 --> 00:12:35,920
He can't see into these rooms
235
00:12:35,922 --> 00:12:38,523
Until he's directly in front
of the doorways.
236
00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:43,495
Narrator: The industries
building is l-shaped,
237
00:12:43,497 --> 00:12:47,899
The ground floor
divided into eight sections.
238
00:12:47,901 --> 00:12:49,300
It's poorly designed.
239
00:12:49,302 --> 00:12:52,771
It's not functional from
a law enforcement perspective.
240
00:12:52,773 --> 00:12:56,841
Narrator: The workshop itself
provides the tools the men need.
241
00:12:56,843 --> 00:13:01,746
They slowly saw through window
bars using stolen hacksaws.
242
00:13:01,748 --> 00:13:04,282
So each time the guard had
his back turned,
243
00:13:04,284 --> 00:13:06,618
The inmate would be able
to go back to the window
244
00:13:06,620 --> 00:13:09,721
And cut on the steel bar
little by little.
245
00:13:09,723 --> 00:13:12,524
Narrator: The prisoners jump out
of the window.
246
00:13:12,526 --> 00:13:15,026
What they do next seems
incredible.
247
00:13:16,429 --> 00:13:18,730
The breakout point
is just 30 feet away
248
00:13:18,732 --> 00:13:21,065
From the guards on the roof,
249
00:13:21,067 --> 00:13:23,668
So the escapees creep along
the side of the building
250
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:25,837
To hide from view.
251
00:13:25,839 --> 00:13:27,505
But once they reach the coast,
252
00:13:27,507 --> 00:13:29,240
The guards on
the western watchtower
253
00:13:29,242 --> 00:13:31,409
Should easily spot them,
254
00:13:31,411 --> 00:13:33,845
So how do they manage to
stay out of view?
255
00:13:33,847 --> 00:13:38,883
♪
256
00:13:38,885 --> 00:13:41,419
Jeff thinks that the bay's
unusual weather
257
00:13:41,421 --> 00:13:44,989
Helps to conceal
the men's escape.
258
00:13:44,991 --> 00:13:46,858
From the case files,
we found out
259
00:13:46,860 --> 00:13:49,227
That the fog on that day
was unusually thick,
260
00:13:49,229 --> 00:13:52,497
So it's quite possible that cole
and roe deliberately waited
261
00:13:52,499 --> 00:13:57,735
That day for the heavy fog
to come into san francisco.
262
00:13:57,737 --> 00:14:00,038
Narrator: San francisco
is one of the foggiest cities
263
00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:01,806
On the planet.
264
00:14:03,310 --> 00:14:05,977
Sea mist can become so dense
that it hides
265
00:14:05,979 --> 00:14:09,647
Even the gigantic
golden gate bridge.
266
00:14:09,649 --> 00:14:11,449
♪
267
00:14:11,451 --> 00:14:14,619
Jeff visits an outdoor
weather simulator to find out
268
00:14:14,621 --> 00:14:19,123
If fog is the key
to cole and roe's success.
269
00:14:19,125 --> 00:14:22,393
Between these two piers,
we have a fog simulator
270
00:14:22,395 --> 00:14:23,828
That spews out seawater
271
00:14:23,830 --> 00:14:27,632
To simulate the fog
in san francisco.
272
00:14:27,634 --> 00:14:31,369
Narrator: Jeff is going to carry
out a test to try to replicate
273
00:14:31,371 --> 00:14:35,607
What he thinks happens
during the escape.
274
00:14:35,609 --> 00:14:38,376
Harp: Once the fog starts,
we'll be able to determine
275
00:14:38,378 --> 00:14:42,247
How effective it was
at concealing their movement.
276
00:14:42,249 --> 00:14:44,315
Narrator:
The fog machine fires up.
277
00:14:44,317 --> 00:14:51,956
♪
278
00:14:51,958 --> 00:14:56,060
Jeff's test subject
walks down the bridge.
279
00:14:56,062 --> 00:15:00,131
After a dozen paces,
she vanishes.
280
00:15:02,636 --> 00:15:06,004
Harp: She has completely
disappeared on the bridge.
281
00:15:06,006 --> 00:15:09,140
We're going to measure that out
and see what that distance is.
282
00:15:14,881 --> 00:15:17,849
15.4 meters.
283
00:15:17,851 --> 00:15:20,785
This would be a really effective
concealment and cover
284
00:15:20,787 --> 00:15:22,787
For the individuals
who were trying
285
00:15:22,789 --> 00:15:26,324
To escape from the prison
that day.
286
00:15:26,326 --> 00:15:28,860
Narrator: The test reveals
how fog could render
287
00:15:28,862 --> 00:15:31,863
The prison's watchtowers
useless,
288
00:15:31,865 --> 00:15:34,198
But the same weather
that helps cole and roe
289
00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:37,302
Escape the rock
soon turns against them.
290
00:15:37,304 --> 00:15:40,738
♪
291
00:15:40,740 --> 00:15:43,107
The fog was effective
at concealing their movement,
292
00:15:43,109 --> 00:15:45,343
But once they got out to sea,
it was their enemy
293
00:15:45,345 --> 00:15:48,746
Because they could not see
where they were going.
294
00:15:48,748 --> 00:15:51,149
Narrator: Back in 1937,
295
00:15:51,151 --> 00:15:55,653
Fbi investigators conclude
that the men drowned.
296
00:15:55,655 --> 00:15:58,256
The case is closed.
297
00:15:58,258 --> 00:16:02,293
Alcatraz quietly gets
a new industries block
298
00:16:02,295 --> 00:16:06,931
With no dead corners
and new harder steel bars.
299
00:16:06,933 --> 00:16:12,236
This time, authorities think
there really is no way out.
300
00:16:12,238 --> 00:16:15,373
But do they make
another simple design mistake
301
00:16:15,375 --> 00:16:19,010
In trying to outwit
america's toughest cons?
302
00:16:19,012 --> 00:16:22,347
♪
303
00:16:31,191 --> 00:16:32,824
♪
304
00:16:32,826 --> 00:16:34,659
Narrator: Alcatraz --
305
00:16:34,661 --> 00:16:38,496
The toughest place to do time.
306
00:16:38,498 --> 00:16:40,665
After an overhaul,
the prison is ready
307
00:16:40,667 --> 00:16:44,302
To hold the worst criminals
in america.
308
00:16:46,239 --> 00:16:47,438
These guys are outlaws.
309
00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:49,340
As soon as they step foot
on this island,
310
00:16:49,342 --> 00:16:51,309
They've got to be thinking
about escape.
311
00:16:53,780 --> 00:16:57,181
Narrator: Historic buildings
expert tanya komas investigates
312
00:16:57,183 --> 00:17:01,786
How engineers try to seal
every weak point in alcatraz.
313
00:17:01,788 --> 00:17:05,857
But building on a rocky island
is a real challenge.
314
00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:09,761
Tanya discovers
how the workers cut corners.
315
00:17:09,763 --> 00:17:11,529
Komas:
Construction on an island
316
00:17:11,531 --> 00:17:13,531
Meant that materials are
hard to get.
317
00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:16,667
When the cell bars
were replaced in the prison,
318
00:17:16,669 --> 00:17:18,569
Rather than discard them,
they were used
319
00:17:18,571 --> 00:17:21,239
As reinforcing
into the concrete.
320
00:17:21,241 --> 00:17:23,007
Good old prison labor,
right here.
321
00:17:23,009 --> 00:17:26,644
♪
322
00:17:26,646 --> 00:17:31,549
Narrator: Despite this, alcatraz
is still a formidable fortress.
323
00:17:31,551 --> 00:17:35,920
The guards step up security to
unprecedented levels.
324
00:17:35,922 --> 00:17:38,056
There was three guards
for every one prisoner,
325
00:17:38,058 --> 00:17:40,258
Which is unheard of
for that time.
326
00:17:40,260 --> 00:17:42,593
Narrator:
In 1937, the island gets
327
00:17:42,595 --> 00:17:45,663
A more secure
industries building.
328
00:17:45,665 --> 00:17:47,899
Now authorities think
they finally have
329
00:17:47,901 --> 00:17:50,668
The ultimate
escape-proof prison.
330
00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:52,503
Well, when the inmates
walked on this island,
331
00:17:52,505 --> 00:17:53,738
They saw this place.
332
00:17:53,740 --> 00:17:55,239
They knew that it was going
to be a challenge
333
00:17:55,241 --> 00:17:56,574
To ever break out of here.
334
00:17:56,576 --> 00:18:00,244
♪
335
00:18:00,246 --> 00:18:01,846
Narrator:
What few know is that
336
00:18:01,848 --> 00:18:05,716
The new alcatraz
still has a fatal flaw.
337
00:18:05,718 --> 00:18:09,353
And on Friday the 13th, 1939,
338
00:18:09,355 --> 00:18:11,989
Five men exploit this weakness,
339
00:18:11,991 --> 00:18:14,926
Led by one of america's
most dangerous men,
340
00:18:14,928 --> 00:18:16,894
Arthur "doc" barker.
341
00:18:18,598 --> 00:18:20,364
When the guards aren't looking,
342
00:18:20,366 --> 00:18:23,601
The five men target
their cell bars.
343
00:18:23,603 --> 00:18:24,936
[ doors clank ]
344
00:18:24,938 --> 00:18:27,505
They use blades
to cut through the steel
345
00:18:27,507 --> 00:18:30,842
And swing the bars open.
346
00:18:30,844 --> 00:18:36,114
All five inmates are now able
to escape to their cells.
347
00:18:36,116 --> 00:18:39,750
In the corridor,
they face a concrete wall
348
00:18:39,752 --> 00:18:42,820
With thick steel grilles
covering the windows,
349
00:18:44,991 --> 00:18:48,626
But they break
a 1-inch-thick bar clean off
350
00:18:48,628 --> 00:18:51,329
And smash through
the iron window frame.
351
00:18:51,331 --> 00:18:53,464
[ metal clanks ]
352
00:18:54,901 --> 00:18:57,168
They've broken the block.
353
00:18:57,170 --> 00:18:58,936
How do they manage to beat
354
00:18:58,938 --> 00:19:01,506
The unbreakable steel
of alcatraz?
355
00:19:04,043 --> 00:19:07,245
Jeff harp examines the evidence.
356
00:19:07,247 --> 00:19:10,414
Harp: These five guys were
in the isolation block, d-block.
357
00:19:10,416 --> 00:19:12,116
It was supposed to be
the most secure block
358
00:19:12,118 --> 00:19:14,852
In the whole penitentiary.
359
00:19:14,854 --> 00:19:16,787
Narrator:
The notorious d-block
360
00:19:16,789 --> 00:19:19,290
Houses convicts
who break the rules.
361
00:19:19,292 --> 00:19:24,061
Here, they spend 24 hours a day
in isolation.
362
00:19:24,063 --> 00:19:26,731
But the evidence shows
that the cells aren't as tough
363
00:19:26,733 --> 00:19:29,901
As they should be.
364
00:19:29,903 --> 00:19:31,736
Harp:
When I read the fbi document,
365
00:19:31,738 --> 00:19:35,039
I see that d-block, where
the worst prisoners are kept,
366
00:19:35,041 --> 00:19:37,408
Is made of ordinary steel bars.
367
00:19:39,145 --> 00:19:42,713
Narrator: When engineers upgrade
the prison to maximum security,
368
00:19:42,715 --> 00:19:48,085
They fit most cells with
strengthened tool-proof bars.
369
00:19:48,087 --> 00:19:52,623
But incredibly, those in d-block
retain the original steel,
370
00:19:52,625 --> 00:19:56,460
A hangover of the prison's
military past.
371
00:19:56,462 --> 00:19:57,929
Over time, little by little,
372
00:19:57,931 --> 00:19:59,931
These guys would've been able
to saw through these bars
373
00:19:59,933 --> 00:20:02,767
Because it was so soft.
374
00:20:02,769 --> 00:20:05,169
Narrator: The men use
smuggled hacksaw blades,
375
00:20:05,171 --> 00:20:08,673
Working undetected
night after night.
376
00:20:08,675 --> 00:20:12,210
But this is only stage one
of their escape.
377
00:20:12,212 --> 00:20:13,844
So after they broke out
of their cells,
378
00:20:13,846 --> 00:20:15,780
They had a new challenge
they had to face,
379
00:20:15,782 --> 00:20:19,650
And they came up against
the windows with hardened steel.
380
00:20:19,652 --> 00:20:21,152
Narrator:
Unlike their cell bars,
381
00:20:21,154 --> 00:20:24,555
The windows in the main block
do get the upgrade.
382
00:20:24,557 --> 00:20:28,993
Thick, tool-proof bars now block
their route to the outside,
383
00:20:28,995 --> 00:20:31,929
Yet still,
the men find a way out.
384
00:20:31,931 --> 00:20:34,265
Harp: It looks like they had
some sort of a tool,
385
00:20:34,267 --> 00:20:36,100
Where they had pried open
the window
386
00:20:36,102 --> 00:20:39,403
And were able
to snap those bars.
387
00:20:39,405 --> 00:20:42,006
Narrator: Fbi documents reveal
that the men create
388
00:20:42,008 --> 00:20:43,908
A homemade screw jack,
389
00:20:43,910 --> 00:20:48,646
Essentially a large screw
with a bolt on the end.
390
00:20:48,648 --> 00:20:50,948
They turn the screw
until finally,
391
00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:53,150
The bar snaps right off.
392
00:20:53,152 --> 00:20:56,320
♪
393
00:20:56,322 --> 00:20:57,888
Just after 3:00 a.M.,
394
00:20:57,890 --> 00:21:00,758
The men attempt
the last part of their plan.
395
00:21:03,329 --> 00:21:07,398
They squeeze through the window
and sprint for the cliffs,
396
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,001
Avoiding the gaze of the guards.
397
00:21:10,003 --> 00:21:12,837
Then they split up.
398
00:21:12,839 --> 00:21:15,773
Mccain and young
start work on a raft,
399
00:21:15,775 --> 00:21:19,677
Making it from 3-inch timber,
driftwood, and a chair.
400
00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:23,714
They tie it all together
with torn bedsheets.
401
00:21:23,716 --> 00:21:26,050
Barker and stamphill
head around the coast
402
00:21:26,052 --> 00:21:27,885
To collect more driftwood,
403
00:21:27,887 --> 00:21:30,154
While martin scales the cliffs
at the point
404
00:21:30,156 --> 00:21:33,958
Facing san francisco
and starts swimming alone,
405
00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:36,727
But at 4:00 a.M., the guards
notice they're missing
406
00:21:36,729 --> 00:21:38,529
And launch a manhunt.
407
00:21:38,531 --> 00:21:41,999
Three men surrender,
but two try to swim...
408
00:21:42,001 --> 00:21:44,702
[ rapid gunfire ]
...And the guards open fire.
409
00:21:46,739 --> 00:21:50,508
Only four men eventually return
to the cells.
410
00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:54,211
Doc barker dies in a hospital
from gunshot wounds.
411
00:21:55,648 --> 00:21:57,148
After the failed escape,
412
00:21:57,150 --> 00:22:01,619
D-block finally
gets its security upgrade.
413
00:22:01,621 --> 00:22:05,222
Engineers put hardened
steel bars on every cell,
414
00:22:05,224 --> 00:22:09,493
Convinced it's now impossible
to escape the prison cellblock.
415
00:22:10,863 --> 00:22:15,166
Over the next 23 years,
20 more convicts try and fail
416
00:22:15,168 --> 00:22:17,301
To break out of the prison.
417
00:22:17,303 --> 00:22:21,138
Each winds up dead
or back in their cells.
418
00:22:21,140 --> 00:22:24,775
But in 1962, three men hatch
a plan to pull off
419
00:22:24,777 --> 00:22:28,813
The most audacious prison break
in history.
420
00:22:28,815 --> 00:22:31,315
Komas: This is right where they
were able to dig out
421
00:22:31,317 --> 00:22:34,185
And then climb right up there.
422
00:22:34,187 --> 00:22:36,854
Narrator: Some people claim
it takes them to freedom.
423
00:22:36,856 --> 00:22:39,390
♪
424
00:22:39,392 --> 00:22:43,060
Are they the only men
to escape from alcatraz?
425
00:22:43,062 --> 00:22:47,565
♪
426
00:22:56,376 --> 00:22:57,575
♪
427
00:22:57,577 --> 00:22:59,043
Narrator: In the 1960s,
428
00:22:59,045 --> 00:23:03,748
Alcatraz is the most secure
prison in the world,
429
00:23:03,750 --> 00:23:08,185
Home to convicts that
no other penitentiary can hold.
430
00:23:08,187 --> 00:23:10,755
Dozens try to escape.
431
00:23:10,757 --> 00:23:14,158
All fail to break the rock.
432
00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:17,762
But on the morning of
June 12, 1962,
433
00:23:17,764 --> 00:23:19,263
One daring prison break
434
00:23:19,265 --> 00:23:21,632
Threatens to ruin
its perfect record.
435
00:23:21,634 --> 00:23:24,668
♪
436
00:23:24,670 --> 00:23:29,173
During a routine head count,
guards sound the alarm.
437
00:23:29,175 --> 00:23:32,510
Frank morris
and john and clarence anglin
438
00:23:32,512 --> 00:23:35,479
Are missing.
439
00:23:35,481 --> 00:23:38,616
The escape begins at lights out.
440
00:23:38,618 --> 00:23:40,017
To fool the guards,
441
00:23:40,019 --> 00:23:42,987
The prisoners
use dummy heads with real hair
442
00:23:42,989 --> 00:23:46,056
Stolen from
the prison barbershop.
443
00:23:46,058 --> 00:23:49,026
Under the sink,
a fake cardboard vent
444
00:23:49,028 --> 00:23:51,595
Reveals a gaping hole
in the concrete
445
00:23:51,597 --> 00:23:54,565
Carved out of over months.
446
00:23:54,567 --> 00:23:57,001
Crawling
into the utility corridor,
447
00:23:57,003 --> 00:24:00,538
They climb 30 feet up the pipes
448
00:24:00,540 --> 00:24:03,073
And bend the bars
on a ceiling grille
449
00:24:03,075 --> 00:24:06,811
To break onto the roof.
450
00:24:06,813 --> 00:24:11,582
Sliding 50 feet down a pipe
and scaling a barbed wire fence,
451
00:24:11,584 --> 00:24:14,385
Morris and the anglin brothers
reach the ocean,
452
00:24:14,387 --> 00:24:16,153
Never to be seen again.
453
00:24:19,158 --> 00:24:21,559
Historic buildings expert
tanya komas
454
00:24:21,561 --> 00:24:24,428
Specializes
in working with concrete.
455
00:24:24,430 --> 00:24:26,263
She thinks a key to
this breakout
456
00:24:26,265 --> 00:24:31,602
Lies with a structural flaw
in the walls themselves.
457
00:24:31,604 --> 00:24:34,071
She has come to
the engineering laboratory
458
00:24:34,073 --> 00:24:37,174
At the university of california
in berkeley,
459
00:24:37,176 --> 00:24:40,478
Which specializes in testing
different types of concrete.
460
00:24:42,415 --> 00:24:43,914
Komas: Concrete is a simple mix
461
00:24:43,916 --> 00:24:45,683
Of sand, cement, rocks,
and water.
462
00:24:45,685 --> 00:24:47,017
It's very important that they be
463
00:24:47,019 --> 00:24:48,385
In the right proportions,
though.
464
00:24:48,387 --> 00:24:49,753
You put in a little too
much water
465
00:24:49,755 --> 00:24:51,021
To make it easier to work with,
466
00:24:51,023 --> 00:24:53,624
And you've greatly reduced
its strength.
467
00:24:53,626 --> 00:24:57,828
Narrator: First, she needs to
look at the evidence.
468
00:24:57,830 --> 00:25:00,097
Komas: We're looking at one
of the vents that the prisoners
469
00:25:00,099 --> 00:25:02,600
Chiseled their way out of.
470
00:25:02,602 --> 00:25:03,934
Now if you're
one of the visitors
471
00:25:03,936 --> 00:25:06,604
Who walk by this cell
in alcatraz,
472
00:25:06,606 --> 00:25:08,539
This might look like
normal concrete.
473
00:25:08,541 --> 00:25:11,775
But looking closer,
you can see large stones,
474
00:25:11,777 --> 00:25:15,145
A lot of them,
very close together.
475
00:25:15,147 --> 00:25:18,682
Narrator: Alcatraz-style
concrete looks rough and ready.
476
00:25:18,684 --> 00:25:20,518
Tanya uses a compression machine
477
00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:23,220
To compare it
with a modern sample.
478
00:25:23,222 --> 00:25:24,522
Komas: I have two concrete
samples here.
479
00:25:24,524 --> 00:25:27,758
One is a good proportion
of materials properly mixed,
480
00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,027
And the other,
we know to be a poor mix --
481
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:34,765
Not well-blended materials
and not the right proportions.
482
00:25:34,767 --> 00:25:36,567
Narrator: The compression
machine will steadily
483
00:25:36,569 --> 00:25:39,136
Apply pressure
to the concrete sample
484
00:25:39,138 --> 00:25:41,739
Up to the point
where the concrete fails.
485
00:25:41,741 --> 00:25:44,742
♪
486
00:25:44,744 --> 00:25:46,877
First, the modern concrete.
487
00:25:48,548 --> 00:25:50,414
Let's start the test.
488
00:25:50,416 --> 00:25:53,284
Narrator: The pressure applied
is measured in pounds.
489
00:25:53,286 --> 00:25:54,919
[ whirring ]
490
00:25:54,921 --> 00:25:58,923
You can see, it's already
climbing pretty quickly.
491
00:25:58,925 --> 00:26:02,059
We're now at 75,000 pounds
of pressure on this sample,
492
00:26:02,061 --> 00:26:04,061
And it's still holding strong.
493
00:26:05,765 --> 00:26:08,899
Okay, we're at 120,000 pounds
of pressure now.
494
00:26:08,901 --> 00:26:10,901
[ cracking ]
495
00:26:10,903 --> 00:26:14,104
We're starting to see
a little bit of crumbling.
496
00:26:14,106 --> 00:26:15,706
It's starting to fail.
497
00:26:15,708 --> 00:26:19,009
♪
498
00:26:19,011 --> 00:26:24,748
Narrator: The sample withstands
an incredible 128,000 pounds.
499
00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:27,117
Komas: That's really
high-strength concrete.
500
00:26:27,119 --> 00:26:32,856
That is approximately
40, 42 automobiles of pressure.
501
00:26:32,858 --> 00:26:36,126
Narrator: And now the type of
concrete used at alcatraz.
502
00:26:36,128 --> 00:26:39,663
♪
503
00:26:39,665 --> 00:26:42,733
[ whirring ]
504
00:26:42,735 --> 00:26:45,703
Komas: 40,000 pounds.
505
00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:47,638
65,000.
506
00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:48,806
[ cracking ]
507
00:26:48,808 --> 00:26:51,008
It's already shown some failure.
508
00:26:51,010 --> 00:26:54,478
♪
509
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:56,080
70,000.
510
00:26:56,082 --> 00:27:03,053
♪
511
00:27:03,055 --> 00:27:05,856
Whoa. There we go.
512
00:27:05,858 --> 00:27:09,026
Wow. Look at this.
513
00:27:09,028 --> 00:27:11,395
Only about half of the force
of the other sample,
514
00:27:11,397 --> 00:27:14,531
And it's completely destroyed.
515
00:27:14,533 --> 00:27:16,600
Narrator: This sample fails
and crumbles
516
00:27:16,602 --> 00:27:19,903
At just 70,000 pounds.
517
00:27:19,905 --> 00:27:21,772
So if you're a prisoner
on alcatraz,
518
00:27:21,774 --> 00:27:22,973
This would be the kind
of concrete
519
00:27:22,975 --> 00:27:24,475
You would want in your cell.
520
00:27:24,477 --> 00:27:27,177
♪
521
00:27:27,179 --> 00:27:29,179
The guys were able
to use homemade tools --
522
00:27:29,181 --> 00:27:32,483
Spoons, chisels, and a very
small, kind of crude motor
523
00:27:32,485 --> 00:27:34,485
From a vacuum cleaner.
524
00:27:34,487 --> 00:27:38,389
That was enough to
chisel your way to freedom.
525
00:27:38,391 --> 00:27:41,125
Narrator: It is prisoners,
not engineers,
526
00:27:41,127 --> 00:27:44,328
Who build the cellblock in 1909.
527
00:27:44,330 --> 00:27:46,063
Over half a century later,
528
00:27:46,065 --> 00:27:49,733
Prisoners during the escape
were potentially assisted
529
00:27:49,735 --> 00:27:53,537
By their predecessors
who created this structure.
530
00:27:53,539 --> 00:27:55,305
Narrator:
Poor construction means
531
00:27:55,307 --> 00:27:58,108
The concrete is weak
from the start,
532
00:27:58,110 --> 00:27:59,576
But tanya is convinced
533
00:27:59,578 --> 00:28:01,945
That it should still be able
to withstand
534
00:28:01,947 --> 00:28:05,015
The convicts chipping it away
with just homemade tools.
535
00:28:05,017 --> 00:28:07,284
♪
536
00:28:07,286 --> 00:28:10,020
She has special access
inside alcatraz
537
00:28:10,022 --> 00:28:11,889
To examine the original hole
538
00:28:11,891 --> 00:28:14,992
That one of the anglin brothers
escapes through.
539
00:28:14,994 --> 00:28:16,627
Komas: This is cellblock b.
540
00:28:16,629 --> 00:28:21,699
♪
541
00:28:21,701 --> 00:28:23,067
So what we're looking at
is the hole
542
00:28:23,069 --> 00:28:25,436
That one of the escapees
broke out of.
543
00:28:25,438 --> 00:28:27,438
You can see that the concrete
has just been
544
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:29,606
Completely destroyed.
545
00:28:29,608 --> 00:28:30,974
This is one of the sounds
we love to hear
546
00:28:30,976 --> 00:28:33,310
In the concrete world
when you're doing repair is...
547
00:28:33,312 --> 00:28:35,279
[ hollow tapping ]
that hollow,
548
00:28:35,281 --> 00:28:38,482
The sound of cracking
inside of that concrete.
549
00:28:38,484 --> 00:28:39,983
That would've made it
much easier for them
550
00:28:39,985 --> 00:28:42,453
To chip away at it
and get the grate out
551
00:28:42,455 --> 00:28:45,155
And then climb right up there.
552
00:28:46,726 --> 00:28:48,859
Narrator: Tanya thinks
the problem with the concrete
553
00:28:48,861 --> 00:28:52,396
Lies with the sea air
that surrounds the prison.
554
00:28:52,398 --> 00:28:54,865
Steel reinforcements embedded
in the walls
555
00:28:54,867 --> 00:28:58,335
Are slowly being exposed
to the elements.
556
00:28:58,337 --> 00:28:59,636
Tanya and her team
557
00:28:59,638 --> 00:29:01,672
From the concrete preservation
institute
558
00:29:01,674 --> 00:29:05,809
Are in a race to preserve
the island's structures.
559
00:29:05,811 --> 00:29:08,779
Komas: If you look here,
this bar has corroded,
560
00:29:08,781 --> 00:29:10,714
Popped the concrete right off.
561
00:29:10,716 --> 00:29:12,616
We're in this very aggressive
seaside environment.
562
00:29:12,618 --> 00:29:17,554
The salt gets in, and you just
have steel corrosion.
563
00:29:17,556 --> 00:29:20,290
Narrator: Saltwater gets into
the smallest of cracks
564
00:29:20,292 --> 00:29:24,928
And corrodes steel five times
faster than fresh water.
565
00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:26,463
Komas: The steel rusts,
566
00:29:26,465 --> 00:29:29,266
And it can expand
up to six times its size.
567
00:29:29,268 --> 00:29:31,502
What that does is put internal
pressure on the concrete,
568
00:29:31,504 --> 00:29:35,672
Causes cracks, and pushes
the concrete right off.
569
00:29:35,674 --> 00:29:39,243
Narrator: Salt attacks alcatraz
from all angles.
570
00:29:41,447 --> 00:29:45,949
Alcatraz uses seawater
to flush the toilets.
571
00:29:45,951 --> 00:29:50,921
It trickles from leaky pipes
and seeps into the walls.
572
00:29:50,923 --> 00:29:54,858
The salt rusts
the reinforcing steel bars.
573
00:29:54,860 --> 00:29:59,363
They expand,
cracking the concrete.
574
00:29:59,365 --> 00:30:01,465
Officials believe
an island location
575
00:30:01,467 --> 00:30:04,935
Is one of the prison's
greatest advantages.
576
00:30:04,937 --> 00:30:07,538
No one anticipates it is,
in fact,
577
00:30:07,540 --> 00:30:10,774
One of its biggest weaknesses.
578
00:30:10,776 --> 00:30:12,643
Komas: The design and
construction of this building,
579
00:30:12,645 --> 00:30:15,245
The unbreakable alcatraz,
580
00:30:15,247 --> 00:30:17,881
Is what ended up being
a key factor
581
00:30:17,883 --> 00:30:22,653
In one of the most notorious
prison escapes ever known.
582
00:30:22,655 --> 00:30:24,121
Narrator:
Morris and the anglin brothers
583
00:30:24,123 --> 00:30:27,858
Don't just spend their time
chiseling away at the concrete.
584
00:30:27,860 --> 00:30:29,860
They also find an ingenious way
585
00:30:29,862 --> 00:30:33,964
To execute the rest
of their escape.
586
00:30:33,966 --> 00:30:36,567
During their daytime
cleaning duties,
587
00:30:36,569 --> 00:30:38,602
They hang sheets
on the top floor
588
00:30:38,604 --> 00:30:41,171
To stop dust
falling into the prison,
589
00:30:41,173 --> 00:30:43,507
Cleverly obscuring
the guards' view.
590
00:30:46,345 --> 00:30:48,145
Every night for six weeks,
591
00:30:48,147 --> 00:30:51,415
The inmates take turns
to escape their cells
592
00:30:51,417 --> 00:30:55,652
And climb to the workshop
to work on the escape equipment.
593
00:30:55,654 --> 00:30:58,522
Inspired by
an engineering magazine,
594
00:30:58,524 --> 00:31:02,426
They design a raft
made from 50 raincoats.
595
00:31:02,428 --> 00:31:06,997
They use steam from pipes
to bond them together.
596
00:31:06,999 --> 00:31:08,498
They make life jackets
597
00:31:08,500 --> 00:31:11,535
And transform an accordion
into a pump,
598
00:31:11,537 --> 00:31:14,271
Ready for a quick getaway
on the big night.
599
00:31:14,273 --> 00:31:20,477
♪
600
00:31:20,479 --> 00:31:24,581
Once again, the cellblock's
design aids an escape,
601
00:31:24,583 --> 00:31:26,016
But morris and
the anglin brothers
602
00:31:26,018 --> 00:31:28,819
Still have to
get off the island.
603
00:31:28,821 --> 00:31:30,621
As they race to the shoreline,
604
00:31:30,623 --> 00:31:33,957
Their hopes are now pinned
on their homemade raft.
605
00:31:36,295 --> 00:31:42,065
The waters around alcatraz
are its last line of defense.
606
00:31:42,067 --> 00:31:44,568
Prison authorities believe
no one can conquer
607
00:31:44,570 --> 00:31:47,638
San francisco bay.
608
00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:50,807
But is relying on the island's
isolated location
609
00:31:50,809 --> 00:31:52,609
Their greatest mistake?
610
00:31:52,611 --> 00:31:58,315
♪
611
00:32:07,192 --> 00:32:08,425
♪
612
00:32:08,427 --> 00:32:10,294
Narrator: In 1962,
613
00:32:10,296 --> 00:32:12,562
The federal penitentiary
on alcatraz
614
00:32:12,564 --> 00:32:16,266
Holds more than 250 convicts.
615
00:32:16,268 --> 00:32:19,770
No one has ever
successfully escaped.
616
00:32:19,772 --> 00:32:21,238
But on June 11th,
617
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:26,276
The rock's unbreakable
reputation hangs in the balance.
618
00:32:26,278 --> 00:32:28,178
Three escaped convicts --
619
00:32:28,180 --> 00:32:31,648
Frank morris and brothers
john and clarence anglin --
620
00:32:31,650 --> 00:32:35,519
Stand at the water's edge.
621
00:32:35,521 --> 00:32:39,923
They have an improvised raft
made from raincoats.
622
00:32:39,925 --> 00:32:42,826
Freedom is within reach,
623
00:32:42,828 --> 00:32:45,228
But these are
treacherous waters.
624
00:32:47,766 --> 00:32:52,836
Draining away the bay
reveals hidden dangers.
625
00:32:52,838 --> 00:32:54,805
Across the rocky seafloor
626
00:32:54,807 --> 00:32:58,075
Are caverns and peaks
the height of houses
627
00:32:58,077 --> 00:33:01,278
That churn the tides into fast,
unpredictable currents
628
00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:03,680
Around alcatraz.
629
00:33:03,682 --> 00:33:06,216
Averaging just 17 feet deep,
630
00:33:06,218 --> 00:33:09,553
The tides sweep the water
out towards the bridge,
631
00:33:09,555 --> 00:33:13,357
Where a perilous ravine
plummets 360 feet.
632
00:33:16,829 --> 00:33:20,197
It forces 20 times more water
through the narrow channel
633
00:33:20,199 --> 00:33:23,767
Than cascades
over niagara falls.
634
00:33:23,769 --> 00:33:27,204
Do the inmates
overcome these deadly currents,
635
00:33:27,206 --> 00:33:30,674
Or do they get washed out
into the open ocean?
636
00:33:30,676 --> 00:33:34,378
Physician dr. Tom nuckton
is an authority
637
00:33:34,380 --> 00:33:36,947
On swimming in the bay.
638
00:33:36,949 --> 00:33:40,851
He knows just how dangerous
these waters are.
639
00:33:40,853 --> 00:33:43,653
Tom is going to use
this huge scale model,
640
00:33:43,655 --> 00:33:46,223
Built by the u.S. Corps
of army engineers,
641
00:33:46,225 --> 00:33:48,925
To chart the men's escape route.
642
00:33:48,927 --> 00:33:51,928
This simulator, just outside
the city in sausalito,
643
00:33:51,930 --> 00:33:56,199
Replicates the currents
in the entire san francisco bay.
644
00:33:56,201 --> 00:33:58,035
Nuckton:
This model is really impressive.
645
00:33:58,037 --> 00:34:02,072
You can see alcatraz here,
the shallow areas.
646
00:34:02,074 --> 00:34:05,342
Narrator: Tom investigates
the tides around alcatraz island
647
00:34:05,344 --> 00:34:08,378
At the time of the escape.
648
00:34:08,380 --> 00:34:12,215
Nuckton:
So we can put this boat...
649
00:34:12,217 --> 00:34:13,984
In the water
650
00:34:13,986 --> 00:34:17,654
Right about where we think
the prisoners got in the water,
651
00:34:17,656 --> 00:34:20,090
And we can squirt a little dye.
652
00:34:23,128 --> 00:34:24,761
Okay, we have a boat
that represents
653
00:34:24,763 --> 00:34:26,096
The raft of the prisoners,
654
00:34:26,098 --> 00:34:28,565
And some dye that shows
the outgoing tide
655
00:34:28,567 --> 00:34:31,601
That the prisoners would have
had to contend with.
656
00:34:31,603 --> 00:34:33,437
Narrator:
The currents push the boat
657
00:34:33,439 --> 00:34:35,272
Towards the golden gate bridge.
658
00:34:35,274 --> 00:34:37,808
Nuckton: They'd be swept right
out into the pacific ocean,
659
00:34:37,810 --> 00:34:41,211
And you can still see the dye.
Look how quickly it's moving.
660
00:34:43,515 --> 00:34:46,249
Narrator: The model shows
the most likely scenario --
661
00:34:46,251 --> 00:34:51,221
The currents sweep the little
raft straight out to sea.
662
00:34:51,223 --> 00:34:53,890
But these waters
can be unpredictable,
663
00:34:53,892 --> 00:34:56,460
Depending on
the exact time of day.
664
00:34:58,197 --> 00:35:00,864
Tom thinks there is a window
of opportunity
665
00:35:00,866 --> 00:35:06,736
When a changing tide could help
steer a raft to safety.
666
00:35:06,738 --> 00:35:10,373
So the san francisco bay has
flood tides coming in
667
00:35:10,375 --> 00:35:12,309
And ebb tides going out.
668
00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:17,981
From this simulation,
if they got in the water
669
00:35:17,983 --> 00:35:21,818
At the precisely right time,
about 11:30 at night,
670
00:35:21,820 --> 00:35:25,288
They could've ridden the ebb
out toward the golden gate
671
00:35:25,290 --> 00:35:28,158
And then paddled
toward horseshoe bay
672
00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:30,927
In the marin headlands.
673
00:35:30,929 --> 00:35:32,896
Narrator: If frank morris
and the anglin brothers
674
00:35:32,898 --> 00:35:34,731
Time it exactly right,
675
00:35:34,733 --> 00:35:38,268
They could use the shifting
tides to paddle to shore.
676
00:35:40,472 --> 00:35:43,140
But tom thinks it's likely
the men have to swim
677
00:35:43,142 --> 00:35:46,776
At least part of the journey.
678
00:35:46,778 --> 00:35:50,046
If that homemade raft failed,
if it didn't work,
679
00:35:50,048 --> 00:35:51,314
And they ended up in the water,
680
00:35:51,316 --> 00:35:53,083
They would've been in
serious trouble.
681
00:35:53,085 --> 00:35:58,155
♪
682
00:35:58,157 --> 00:36:01,191
Narrator: Plunging into
the icy water instantly triggers
683
00:36:01,193 --> 00:36:05,328
A gasping response,
drawing water into the lungs.
684
00:36:05,330 --> 00:36:07,764
You can drown instantly.
685
00:36:07,766 --> 00:36:11,034
At the same time,
your blood vessels constrict,
686
00:36:11,036 --> 00:36:12,903
Pushing your heart rate up,
687
00:36:12,905 --> 00:36:17,140
Risking cardiac arrest
within 2 minutes.
688
00:36:17,142 --> 00:36:19,609
If you survive that,
within 10 minutes,
689
00:36:19,611 --> 00:36:21,211
The blood stops flowing
690
00:36:21,213 --> 00:36:23,880
To the muscles
in your arms and legs.
691
00:36:23,882 --> 00:36:28,518
You lose coordination,
and swimming becomes impossible.
692
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:32,589
Just one in three people
survive to this stage.
693
00:36:32,591 --> 00:36:35,225
After an hour,
the heart slows down,
694
00:36:35,227 --> 00:36:38,728
Starving the brain of oxygen,
and you pass out.
695
00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:43,767
The official report concludes
696
00:36:43,769 --> 00:36:46,970
That the men drown
after their raft fails.
697
00:36:46,972 --> 00:36:50,707
The rock retains
its perfect reputation,
698
00:36:50,709 --> 00:36:52,976
But the case remains open.
699
00:36:52,978 --> 00:36:57,480
Many wonder, "do the men
beat the odds and survive?"
700
00:36:57,482 --> 00:37:01,585
An extraordinary discovery
more than 50 years later
701
00:37:01,587 --> 00:37:03,753
Could hold the answer.
702
00:37:16,268 --> 00:37:18,034
Narrator: In 1962,
703
00:37:18,036 --> 00:37:20,570
Three prisoners set off
in a makeshift raft
704
00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:24,007
From alcatraz island.
705
00:37:24,009 --> 00:37:27,811
Most investigators assume
the men drowned,
706
00:37:27,813 --> 00:37:30,880
But the bodies of frank morris,
john anglin,
707
00:37:30,882 --> 00:37:33,750
And his brother clarence
are never found.
708
00:37:33,752 --> 00:37:37,220
57 years later,
the case remains open,
709
00:37:37,222 --> 00:37:40,123
And there's one man left
on the job --
710
00:37:40,125 --> 00:37:43,226
U.S. Marshal michael dyke.
711
00:37:43,228 --> 00:37:46,529
I still get some leads
called in,
712
00:37:46,531 --> 00:37:48,465
People believing
they came across one of them
713
00:37:48,467 --> 00:37:51,401
Or that their next door neighbor
could be one of them.
714
00:37:51,403 --> 00:37:56,306
So there's all kinds of theories
that you could possibly imagine.
715
00:37:56,308 --> 00:37:58,108
Narrator:
It's michael's job
716
00:37:58,110 --> 00:38:00,410
To keep an open mind about
the escape.
717
00:38:00,412 --> 00:38:04,781
One theory is that the men
drowned just off angel island.
718
00:38:04,783 --> 00:38:07,684
So approximately 24 hours
after the, we believe,
719
00:38:07,686 --> 00:38:11,121
The escapees left the island
on the night of June 12th,
720
00:38:11,123 --> 00:38:13,390
Right around the corner
up over here on angel island,
721
00:38:13,392 --> 00:38:15,659
They found a paddle
that was floating
722
00:38:15,661 --> 00:38:19,162
About 100 yards off the shore.
723
00:38:19,164 --> 00:38:20,664
Narrator:
A homemade life jacket
724
00:38:20,666 --> 00:38:22,932
And photos belonging to
the anglin brothers
725
00:38:22,934 --> 00:38:26,202
Are also discovered
drifting in the bay.
726
00:38:26,204 --> 00:38:27,871
Dyke: Possibly,
the escapees drowned,
727
00:38:27,873 --> 00:38:29,472
And as they were drowning,
728
00:38:29,474 --> 00:38:32,442
They discarded items
just to lighten their load
729
00:38:32,444 --> 00:38:34,511
To try and swim better.
730
00:38:34,513 --> 00:38:36,012
Narrator:
But another possibility
731
00:38:36,014 --> 00:38:40,183
Is that the men fake
their own deaths.
732
00:38:40,185 --> 00:38:41,885
According to an accomplice,
733
00:38:41,887 --> 00:38:46,189
Angel island is where they plan
to come ashore.
734
00:38:46,191 --> 00:38:47,990
Dyke:
People believe the escapees
735
00:38:47,992 --> 00:38:49,426
Might've discarded these items
736
00:38:49,428 --> 00:38:51,328
To make it look like
they possibly did drown,
737
00:38:51,330 --> 00:38:53,997
'cause if they were believed
to be dead,
738
00:38:53,999 --> 00:38:55,332
Why keep looking for 'em?
739
00:38:55,334 --> 00:38:57,834
[ wind whistling ]
740
00:38:57,836 --> 00:39:01,438
Narrator: For more than
50 years, the trail stays cold.
741
00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:03,673
♪
742
00:39:03,675 --> 00:39:06,710
But in 2013, a letter sent
743
00:39:06,712 --> 00:39:08,445
To the san francisco
police department
744
00:39:08,447 --> 00:39:12,382
Claims to be
from john anglin himself.
745
00:39:12,384 --> 00:39:14,284
So when this letter
first came out,
746
00:39:14,286 --> 00:39:16,086
A lot of us speculated
747
00:39:16,088 --> 00:39:19,189
That the escape
might've been successful.
748
00:39:19,191 --> 00:39:21,991
And this letter, basically,
749
00:39:21,993 --> 00:39:25,061
Is written by someone
claiming to be john anglin.
750
00:39:25,063 --> 00:39:28,098
He's claiming to be
83 years old, in bad shape.
751
00:39:28,100 --> 00:39:30,400
Narrator:
The letter is intriguing.
752
00:39:30,402 --> 00:39:35,405
If genuine, it would blow
this cold case wide open.
753
00:39:35,407 --> 00:39:37,674
I'm always skeptical of
most of the stuff
754
00:39:37,676 --> 00:39:39,476
That comes across my desk
regarding this case,
755
00:39:39,478 --> 00:39:43,046
'cause so much stuff
I've seen has been made up.
756
00:39:43,048 --> 00:39:45,648
But I don't ever
discount things, either.
757
00:39:45,650 --> 00:39:49,152
Narrator: Certain statements
in the letter sound convincing.
758
00:39:49,154 --> 00:39:53,356
Dna and fingerprint analysis
proves inconclusive,
759
00:39:53,358 --> 00:39:56,993
So fbi specialists
examine the handwriting.
760
00:39:56,995 --> 00:40:00,630
Does it match that
of the young john anglin?
761
00:40:00,632 --> 00:40:02,031
Dyke:
Most people when they age,
762
00:40:02,033 --> 00:40:04,300
Their handwriting stays
pretty much the same as it was.
763
00:40:04,302 --> 00:40:06,236
It just becomes less smooth.
764
00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:10,573
Narrator: The closer
michael looks at the letter,
765
00:40:10,575 --> 00:40:13,543
The more he's convinced
it's a fake.
766
00:40:13,545 --> 00:40:15,612
Dyke: So this j is
absolutely nothing like the way
767
00:40:15,614 --> 00:40:19,649
John anglin writes his letter j
when he writes his name down,
768
00:40:19,651 --> 00:40:21,651
'cause we have
numerous examples of that.
769
00:40:21,653 --> 00:40:25,655
The phraseology doesn't match
john anglin's examples.
770
00:40:25,657 --> 00:40:27,924
It's not even close.
771
00:40:27,926 --> 00:40:31,761
Narrator:
For michael, the search
for the truth goes on.
772
00:40:31,763 --> 00:40:34,197
It's a mystery
because nobody really knows
773
00:40:34,199 --> 00:40:36,199
What happened to these guys.
774
00:40:36,201 --> 00:40:38,468
Narrator: Some believe that
the escape ruins
775
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:41,337
The rock's
unblemished reputation.
776
00:40:41,339 --> 00:40:46,676
But in 1962, the prison is
already living on borrowed time.
777
00:40:46,678 --> 00:40:48,511
Dyke: There's some that say
it made alcatraz look bad
778
00:40:48,513 --> 00:40:50,447
Because of the escape,
but at the time,
779
00:40:50,449 --> 00:40:52,549
There was already rumors
among the guard staff
780
00:40:52,551 --> 00:40:55,185
That alcatraz would close
probably in the near future
781
00:40:55,187 --> 00:40:56,453
Because it was so expensive
782
00:40:56,455 --> 00:41:00,657
To upgrade it
to modern prison standards.
783
00:41:00,659 --> 00:41:04,060
Narrator: In 1963,
a year after the escape,
784
00:41:04,062 --> 00:41:06,196
Alcatraz closes,
785
00:41:06,198 --> 00:41:12,001
Its reputation no longer able to
mask its crumbling architecture.
786
00:41:12,003 --> 00:41:17,073
Today, teams work to rebuild
and protect alcatraz.
787
00:41:17,075 --> 00:41:22,745
Alcatraz's greatest battle
has always been with itself.
788
00:41:22,747 --> 00:41:25,849
Komas: Alcatraz island --
this is an iconic building.
789
00:41:25,851 --> 00:41:29,686
The roots of its brutal history
are buried right underneath it.
790
00:41:29,688 --> 00:41:32,188
♪
791
00:41:32,190 --> 00:41:34,190
Narrator: For 160 years,
792
00:41:34,192 --> 00:41:37,193
Alcatraz is a jail
like no other.
793
00:41:37,195 --> 00:41:41,097
During the civil war,
it locks up prisoners of war.
794
00:41:41,099 --> 00:41:46,135
In the 1930s, it holds
america's most wanted criminals.
795
00:41:46,137 --> 00:41:51,040
But after being hailed as
escape-proof, it cannot survive.
796
00:41:51,042 --> 00:41:55,211
Alcatraz, this icon
of crime and punishment,
797
00:41:55,213 --> 00:41:58,181
Is a victim of its own success.
798
00:41:58,183 --> 00:42:05,922
♪
799
00:42:05,924 --> 00:42:13,630
♪
800
00:42:13,632 --> 00:42:21,304
♪
801
00:42:21,306 --> 00:42:29,012
♪
70456
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