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¶¶
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Narrator:
THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME.
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FOUNDED NEARLY 3,000 YEARS AGO.
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FOR FIVE CENTURIES,
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
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WAS THE MIGHTIEST ON EARTH.
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AND ONE EXTRAORDINARY BUILDING
STANDS AT ITS HEART --
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THE COLOSSEUM.
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THIS BUILDING REPRESENTS THE
EVOLUTION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
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00:00:24,759 --> 00:00:27,826
FROM ITS RISE THROUGH ITS FALL.
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00:00:27,828 --> 00:00:31,430
Narrator:
FOR CENTURIES, THIS ANCIENT
THEATER HAS HELD DARK SECRETS
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00:00:31,432 --> 00:00:33,799
ABOUT THE EMPIRE THAT BUILT IT
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AND THE THOUSANDS
WHO DIED WITHIN IT.
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IF PEOPLE HAD TO BE KILLED,
THEY WERE KILLED.
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00:00:38,606 --> 00:00:42,141
THE ROMANS DIDN'T HAVE
ANY PROBLEMS WITH DOING THAT.
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Narrator: TODAY, ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGY IS HELPING SCIENTISTS
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MAKE BRAND-NEW DISCOVERIES
WITH UNIQUE ACCESS
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TO THE BONES OF FALLEN WARRIORS.
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00:00:52,453 --> 00:00:55,487
HOW DID THE ANCIENT ROMANS
PRESENT MAGICAL SPECTACLES
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IN THIS GIANT ARENA
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00:00:58,492 --> 00:01:00,459
AND CREATE ENTERTAINMENT
WITH THE POWER
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TO SPREAD ROME'S MESSAGE
ACROSS THE WHOLE EMPIRE?
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00:01:05,366 --> 00:01:09,067
THE ONLY WAY TO SOLVE
THESE MYSTERIES
23
00:01:09,069 --> 00:01:13,272
IS TO DISMANTLE
THE COLOSSEUM BRICK BY BRICK.
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WE'LL BLOW APART ITS ARCHES
AND TUNNELS TO EXPERIENCE LIFE
25
00:01:18,579 --> 00:01:21,280
AND DEATH WITHIN ITS WALLS
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AND REVEAL THE SECRETS HIDDEN
INSIDE THIS ANCIENT WONDER.
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-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
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CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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¶¶
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Narrator: THE COLOSSEUM.
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A GIANT COMPLEX AT THE HEART
OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME.
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THIS WAS AN ARENA
OF DEATH AND MAGIC,
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OF POTENT SPECTACLES WITH
THE POWER TO SUSTAIN AN EMPIRE.
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00:01:49,210 --> 00:01:52,211
BURIED WITHIN ITS WALLS
ARE CLUES THAT REVEAL
35
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THIS WAS MUCH MORE
THAN JUST A THEATER.
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THE COLOSSEUM STILL STRIKES
OUR HEART TODAY.
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YOU CAN STILL FEEL
THE SAME FEELING
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THAT THE ROMAN SPECTATORS
FELT AT THE TIME
39
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OF THE PERFORMANCES.
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TODAY, TEAMS OF EXPERTS
ARE EXPLORING DEEPER
41
00:02:10,431 --> 00:02:13,832
THAN EVER INTO THE HEART
OF THE BUILDING,
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SOLVING THE MYSTERIES
OF THIS ANCIENT ARENA
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00:02:17,805 --> 00:02:22,574
TO REVEAL HOW, FOR 500 YEARS,
THE HIDDEN SECRETS OF THIS VAST
44
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RUIN HELPED ROME BUILD AN EMPIRE
ACROSS EUROPE AND BEYOND.
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00:02:28,616 --> 00:02:31,583
CONCEALED
UNDER ITS MONUMENTAL SKIN
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IS A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF PILLARS,
ARCHES, AND VAULTS.
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THEY SPREAD THE COLOSSAL LOAD
OF NEARLY A QUARTER
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OF A MILLION TONS OF STONE,
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00:02:40,661 --> 00:02:44,296
ALLOWING THIS BUILDING
TO TOWER 160 FEET
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00:02:44,298 --> 00:02:46,732
ABOVE THE STREETS OF ROME.
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00:02:46,734 --> 00:02:51,003
IN THE STADIUM, SPACE FOR UP
TO 80,000 SPECTATORS,
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00:02:51,005 --> 00:02:53,972
BIG ENOUGH TO HOLD
THE SUPER BOWL.
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00:02:53,974 --> 00:02:55,941
BUILT INTO THE ARENA FLOOR,
54
00:02:55,943 --> 00:02:59,311
A SUBTERRANEAN MAZE
OF TUNNELS AND CHAMBERS,
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00:02:59,313 --> 00:03:03,215
THE SECRET DOMAIN OF THE
EMPIRE'S MOST DEADLY SERVANT --
56
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THE GLADIATOR.
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THE COLOSSEUM AND THE MEN
WHO FOUGHT IN IT
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ARE THE MOST ICONIC SYMBOLS
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
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00:03:14,228 --> 00:03:18,897
EVEN TODAY, THE COLOSSEUM
IS AN IMPRESSIVE STRUCTURE.
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00:03:18,899 --> 00:03:22,401
BUT PERHAPS ITS GREATEST MYSTERY
IS NOT HOW IT WAS BUILT,
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00:03:22,403 --> 00:03:25,938
BUT WHY IT WAS BUILT
IN SUCH A STRANGE PLACE.
62
00:03:27,007 --> 00:03:29,908
GEOLOGIST GUIDO GIORDANO
HAS SPENT YEARS
63
00:03:29,910 --> 00:03:33,312
STUDYING THIS
EXTRAORDINARY BUILDING.
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00:03:33,314 --> 00:03:36,648
HIS THEORY IS THAT ITS LOCATION
IS NO ACCIDENT
65
00:03:36,650 --> 00:03:38,717
AND MAY EVEN EXPLAIN
A KEY MOMENT
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IN THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
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00:03:42,156 --> 00:03:46,558
YOU CAN SEE BACK THERE,
THE COLOSSEUM, AND BEYOND THAT,
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THERE IS THE BUSINESS
CENTER FOR ROME.
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Narrator: THE COLOSSEUM
WAS BUILT RIGHT IN THE CENTER
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OF ANCIENT ROME'S
GOVERNMENT DISTRICT.
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THIS IS A STRANGE PLACE TO BUILD
AN ARENA FOR ENTERTAINMENT,
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00:03:58,472 --> 00:04:00,572
SO WHY WAS IT BUILT HERE?
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00:04:03,310 --> 00:04:06,278
GUIDO THINKS THERE MAY BE
ANSWERS HIDDEN IN THE PARKLANDS
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THAT SURROUND THE COLOSSEUM.
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00:04:09,149 --> 00:04:10,649
Giordano:
WE HAVE CLUES HERE.
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00:04:10,651 --> 00:04:16,555
THIS IS AN EXCAVATION SITE, AND
WHAT'S BENEATH IS EXTRAORDINARY.
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Narrator:
THESE EXCAVATORS ARE REMOVING
HEAVY BANKS OF SOIL
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FROM THE HILLSIDE
NEXT TO THE COLOSSEUM.
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UNDER THE WEIGHT OF THIS SOIL,
THE BANKS HAD BEGUN TO COLLAPSE,
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REVEALING A HIDDEN,
SUBTERRANEAN WORLD --
81
00:04:30,471 --> 00:04:32,671
A WORLD THAT GUIDO
FEELS CAN SHED LIGHT
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00:04:32,673 --> 00:04:36,708
ON THE COLOSSEUM'S
PUZZLING LOCATION.
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00:04:36,710 --> 00:04:37,943
THIS IS GRAND.
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LOOK AT THIS CAVE.
85
00:04:40,748 --> 00:04:42,447
FRESCOES EVERYWHERE HERE.
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BEAUTIFULLY PAINTED,
BEAUTIFULLY PRESERVED.
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Narrator: INCREDIBLY,
BURIED UNDER THE HILLS
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THAT RISE NEXT TO THE COLOSSEUM
IS A VAST, ABANDONED PALACE,
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00:04:52,393 --> 00:04:56,061
LOST FOR 1,400 YEARS.
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00:04:56,063 --> 00:04:59,431
Giordano: HERE WE HAVE A CROWN,
AN EAGLE HERE.
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00:04:59,433 --> 00:05:02,567
THE BEAUTY
OF THESE FRESCOES SHOWS
92
00:05:02,569 --> 00:05:05,037
THIS DEFINITELY
MUST BE THE RESIDENCE
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OF A VERY, VERY
IMPORTANT PERSON.
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00:05:07,541 --> 00:05:09,875
¶¶
95
00:05:09,877 --> 00:05:13,311
Narrator: HOW DID THIS LAVISH,
ROYAL PALACE END UP BEING BURIED
96
00:05:13,313 --> 00:05:16,148
BENEATH THE COLOSSEUM?
97
00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:20,719
GUIDO THINKS THAT THE ANSWER
LIES IN ITS SHEER EXTRAVAGANCE.
98
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Giordano:
THIS MUST HAVE BEEN A WATERFALL,
99
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SHOOTING WATER
RIGHT INTO THIS PIPE.
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00:05:27,227 --> 00:05:29,728
AND THEN GET PRESSURIZED,
101
00:05:29,730 --> 00:05:33,965
AND THEN SHOOTING RIGHT
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROOM,
102
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SPRAYING UP IN THE AIR.
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00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:38,236
Narrator:
GUIDO THINKS THE COLOSSEUM
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WAS BUILT ON TOP
OF THE PALACE GROUNDS
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TO MAKE A HUGE STATEMENT
TO THE PUBLIC.
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00:05:43,377 --> 00:05:45,310
BECAUSE COMPARED TO THE PALACE,
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THE THEATER LOOKED
VERY DIFFERENT.
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IN THE COLOSSEUM, THERE WAS
NO PERSONAL INDULGENCE.
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INSTEAD, THERE WAS
SCALE AND AMBITION.
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THIS BUILDING SENT A MESSAGE
TO ORDINARY ROMANS.
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IT WAS A PALACE FOR THEM,
112
00:06:03,597 --> 00:06:08,467
DESIGNED TO WIN THEIR HEARTS
IN EXCHANGE FOR ENTERTAINMENT.
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00:06:08,469 --> 00:06:11,470
AT ITS ENTRANCE
ONCE STOOD A COLOSSUS --
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A MONUMENTAL STATUE THAT GAVE
THE BUILDING ITS NAME.
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00:06:21,148 --> 00:06:23,148
TALLER
THAN THE STATUE OF LIBERTY,
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THIS BRONZE BEHEMOTH WAS
A STATUE OF THE SUN GOD SOL.
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BUT IT HAD ONCE
PORTRAYED AN EMPEROR.
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¶¶
119
00:06:34,161 --> 00:06:38,964
ITS STORY IS A CLUE
TO THE FATE OF THE PALACE.
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00:06:38,966 --> 00:06:42,601
GUIDO BELIEVES IT HAD BEEN
BUILT BY EMPEROR NERO,
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00:06:42,603 --> 00:06:46,438
ONE OF THE MOST
HATED LEADERS OF ROME.
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THE PALATIAL ROOMS
REVEAL EVIDENCE
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OF HOW MUCH HE WAS DESPISED.
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THIS IS ALL BACK FILLING.
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00:06:53,781 --> 00:06:59,151
SOMEONE FILL UP THIS
BEAUTIFUL AND HUGE ROOM.
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00:06:59,153 --> 00:07:01,686
Narrator: THE PEOPLE OF ROME
HATED EMPEROR NERO,
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EVENTUALLY DRIVING
HIM TO SUICIDE.
128
00:07:05,025 --> 00:07:07,759
THEN THEY DESTROYED
HIS PLAYBOY PALACE,
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00:07:07,761 --> 00:07:10,428
WHICH WAS BUILT ON LAND
HE HAD STOLEN FROM THEM.
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00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:14,599
[ FIRE CRACKLING ]
131
00:07:14,601 --> 00:07:17,736
THE LAND HAD BEEN DEVASTATED
BY THE GREAT FIRE OF ROME
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IN 64 A.D.
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00:07:21,241 --> 00:07:24,042
BUT INSTEAD OF REBUILDING
HOUSES FOR THE PEOPLE,
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00:07:24,044 --> 00:07:26,945
NERO BUILT A PALACE OF HIS OWN,
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00:07:26,947 --> 00:07:29,681
COMPLETE WITH
A GIANT BOATING LAKE
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00:07:29,683 --> 00:07:32,784
AND A STATUE OF HIMSELF.
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00:07:32,786 --> 00:07:37,856
AFTER NERO'S DEATH, HIS
SUCCESSOR TORE DOWN THE PALACE,
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BUT SAVED THE STATUE.
139
00:07:40,527 --> 00:07:44,162
RETURNING THE LAND TO THE
PEOPLE, HE DRAINED NERO'S LAKE
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00:07:44,164 --> 00:07:46,565
AND BUILT AN AMPHITHEATER
IN ITS PLACE,
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00:07:46,567 --> 00:07:49,568
AND HE PUT THE GIANT
STATUE OUTSIDE,
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DISGUISED AS THE SUN GOD SOL.
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¶¶
144
00:07:54,374 --> 00:07:57,809
THE COLOSSEUM WAS BUILT
AS A GIFT TO ROMANS,
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00:07:57,811 --> 00:08:00,645
TO WIN BACK THEIR SUPPORT.
146
00:08:00,647 --> 00:08:02,614
THE NEW EMPEROR, VESPASIAN,
147
00:08:02,616 --> 00:08:04,449
UNDERSTOOD THAT
TO STAY IN POWER,
148
00:08:04,451 --> 00:08:08,520
HE HAD TO PROVE
HE WASN'T SELFISH LIKE NERO.
149
00:08:08,522 --> 00:08:13,925
Giordano: LATER EMPEROR WANTED
TO ERASE THE MEMORY OF HIM.
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00:08:13,927 --> 00:08:17,963
NOW IT'S A BIRD AND DARKNESS.
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00:08:17,965 --> 00:08:19,998
Narrator:
AFTER NERO'S SELFISH EXCESS,
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00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,935
THE COLOSSEUM MARKED
A TURNING POINT.
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00:08:23,937 --> 00:08:25,837
IT WAS A BUILDING
FOR ORDINARY ROMANS
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00:08:25,839 --> 00:08:28,940
TO CELEBRATE THE MIGHT
OF THEIR GROWING EMPIRE.
155
00:08:31,545 --> 00:08:34,613
AND WHAT THEY CAME TO SEE
WERE PEOPLE WILLING TO DIE
156
00:08:34,615 --> 00:08:38,717
IN THE EMPIRE'S HONOR --
GLADIATORS.
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00:08:38,719 --> 00:08:42,387
VERY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT
THESE DEADLY MESSENGERS OF ROME
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00:08:42,389 --> 00:08:45,090
BECAUSE IN THE RUINS
OF THE GREAT COLOSSEUM,
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00:08:45,092 --> 00:08:49,194
NOT A SINGLE GLADIATOR
BONE HAS EVER BEEN FOUND.
160
00:08:49,196 --> 00:08:53,164
BUT NOW, EXPERIMENTS ON UNIQUE
REMAINS FOUND IN TURKEY
161
00:08:53,166 --> 00:08:55,166
REVEAL INCREDIBLE NEW INSIGHTS
162
00:08:55,168 --> 00:08:57,802
INTO THE MYSTERIOUS LIVES
OF THESE WARRIORS.
163
00:09:06,311 --> 00:09:09,179
THE COLOSSEUM OF ANCIENT ROME --
164
00:09:09,181 --> 00:09:13,950
A THEATER FOR THE PEOPLE
AND AN ARENA OF DEATH.
165
00:09:13,952 --> 00:09:18,822
THE GIANT AMPHITHEATER CARRIED
A MESSAGE FROM ROME'S LEADERS --
166
00:09:18,824 --> 00:09:22,225
FOLLOW US, AND WE WILL
KEEP YOU THRILLED.
167
00:09:22,227 --> 00:09:25,395
AND THE STARS OF THE SHOW
WERE THE GLADIATORS.
168
00:09:25,397 --> 00:09:28,398
¶¶
169
00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:33,003
BUT VERY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT
THESE LEGENDARY WARRIORS.
170
00:09:33,005 --> 00:09:35,605
HIDDEN IN THE VAULTS AND COLUMNS
OF THE COLOSSEUM
171
00:09:35,607 --> 00:09:39,876
ARE TANTALIZING CLUES
INTO THE WORLD OF THE GLADIATOR.
172
00:09:39,878 --> 00:09:42,913
¶¶
173
00:09:43,916 --> 00:09:47,851
THESE WARRIORS WERE THE BIGGEST
ATTRACTION IN THE EMPIRE.
174
00:09:47,853 --> 00:09:51,855
INSIDE THE ARENA, THEY BECAME
THE STARS OF A TRUE SPECTACLE.
175
00:09:51,857 --> 00:09:55,091
DEEP WITHIN THE MAZE OF BRICK
WALLS UNDER THE COLOSSEUM
176
00:09:55,093 --> 00:09:59,262
LIES A SECRET ENTRANCE
TO THEIR MYSTERIOUS WORLD --
177
00:09:59,264 --> 00:10:02,666
A DOORWAY CONNECTING
A 180-FOOT-LONG TUNNEL
178
00:10:02,668 --> 00:10:05,836
THAT BROUGHT THE FIGHTERS
INTO THE ARENA.
179
00:10:05,838 --> 00:10:08,638
2,000 YEARS AGO, THIS WOULD
HAVE LED TO ROME'S
180
00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:11,975
FABLED FIGHTING SCHOOL,
THE LUDUS MAGNUS.
181
00:10:14,546 --> 00:10:16,813
STANDING RIGHT NEXT
TO THE COLOSSEUM,
182
00:10:16,815 --> 00:10:18,148
THIS WAS THE BREEDING GROUND
183
00:10:18,150 --> 00:10:21,918
OF THE MOST POWERFUL
ROMAN PROPAGANDA TOOL --
184
00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:25,822
THE GLADIATOR.
185
00:10:25,824 --> 00:10:27,324
BUT THERE'S A MYSTERY.
186
00:10:27,326 --> 00:10:30,193
NO BONES HAVE EVER BEEN
DISCOVERED AT THE COLOSSEUM
187
00:10:30,195 --> 00:10:33,997
TO TELL US MORE ABOUT
THE LIVES OF THE GLADIATORS.
188
00:10:33,999 --> 00:10:37,267
WERE THEY JUST THE EMPIRE'S
DISPOSABLE THUGS?
189
00:10:39,471 --> 00:10:43,206
FABIAN KANZ WANTS TO FIND OUT
WHO THESE WARRIORS WERE.
190
00:10:56,855 --> 00:10:59,923
FABIAN HAS UNEARTHED
SOMETHING ASTONISHING --
191
00:10:59,925 --> 00:11:03,860
THE ONLY GLADIATOR BONES
THAT HAVE EVER BEEN FOUND.
192
00:11:03,862 --> 00:11:06,096
THEY WERE DISCOVERED IN
THE GROUNDS OF AN AMPHITHEATER
193
00:11:06,098 --> 00:11:08,431
THAT ONCE SAT ON THE EDGE
OF THE EMPIRE
194
00:11:08,433 --> 00:11:10,667
IN WHAT'S NOW MODERN-DAY TURKEY.
195
00:11:19,978 --> 00:11:24,447
THESE PRECIOUS REMAINS GIVE
FABIAN A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY.
196
00:11:24,449 --> 00:11:27,684
HE WANTS TO UNLOCK NEW SECRETS
ABOUT THE LIFE OF A GLADIATOR
197
00:11:27,686 --> 00:11:29,419
IN ANCIENT ROME.
198
00:11:58,750 --> 00:12:02,552
FABIAN THINKS THIS HEALED SKULL
MAY REVEAL MORE ABOUT THE WAY
199
00:12:02,554 --> 00:12:07,057
THESE MEN WERE TREATED
BY THE EMPIRE THAT USED THEM.
200
00:12:07,059 --> 00:12:08,692
¶¶
201
00:12:08,694 --> 00:12:10,660
AND THAT MEANS SLICING
A CROSS-SECTION
202
00:12:10,662 --> 00:12:12,696
FROM THE BONE ITSELF.
203
00:12:23,609 --> 00:12:25,842
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE,
THE SKULL FRAGMENT
204
00:12:25,844 --> 00:12:28,278
REVEALS SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY.
205
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,835
WHAT'S REMARKABLE IS THAT MANY
OF THE GLADIATOR'S BONES
206
00:12:51,837 --> 00:12:53,336
FROM THE SITE IN TURKEY SHOW
207
00:12:53,338 --> 00:12:56,606
SIMILAR SIGNS OF HEALED
INJURIES LIKE THIS.
208
00:13:05,450 --> 00:13:08,018
FAR FROM BEING DISPOSABLE THUGS,
209
00:13:08,020 --> 00:13:09,719
FABIAN THINKS
THE MEN WERE TEATED
210
00:13:09,721 --> 00:13:12,188
MORE LIKE RESPECTED ATHLETES.
211
00:13:25,003 --> 00:13:27,003
TURNING THESE MEN
INTO GLADIATORS
212
00:13:27,005 --> 00:13:29,906
WAS AN INVESTMENT
ROME COULD AFFORD.
213
00:13:29,908 --> 00:13:33,843
WITH ITS EXPANDING EMPIRE,
IT HAD NO SHORTAGE OF NEW STOCK.
214
00:13:36,114 --> 00:13:41,017
SLAVES, CONVICTS, AND CAPTURED
SOLDIERS WERE SHIPPED IN
215
00:13:41,019 --> 00:13:42,886
FROM ACROSS THE EMPIRE
216
00:13:42,888 --> 00:13:48,091
TO PLAY A PART
IN THE GREAT SPECTACLE.
217
00:13:48,093 --> 00:13:53,363
IN GLADIATOR SCHOOL, THEY WERE
TURNED INTO FIGHTING MACHINES
218
00:13:53,365 --> 00:13:56,733
WITH CAREFULLY DESIGNED
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES.
219
00:13:59,071 --> 00:14:03,139
THE NIMBLE RETIARIUS,
ARMED WITH TRIDENT AND NET,
220
00:14:03,141 --> 00:14:06,376
WOULD FIGHT THE SECUTOR,
AN ARMORED JUGGERNAUT
221
00:14:06,378 --> 00:14:09,412
WIELDING A HEAVY SHIELD
AND SWORD.
222
00:14:09,414 --> 00:14:13,917
EACH PAIR WAS CAREFULLY MATCHED
TO GUARANTEE SPECTACULAR COMBAT
223
00:14:13,919 --> 00:14:16,720
THAT COULD LEAD
TO GLORY OR DEATH.
224
00:14:20,325 --> 00:14:23,626
AND FABIAN'S DISCOVERED THAT
THESE INCREDIBLY RARE BONES
225
00:14:23,628 --> 00:14:29,399
CAN TELL HIM EVEN MORE ABOUT
THEIR LIVES AND THEIR DIET.
226
00:14:29,401 --> 00:14:31,568
CHEMICAL TRACES
OF A PERSON'S FOOD
227
00:14:31,570 --> 00:14:33,703
ALWAYS BUILD UP IN THEIR BONES.
228
00:14:33,705 --> 00:14:36,740
TO ANALYZE THE CHEMICALS
IN THESE GLADIATOR SKELETONS,
229
00:14:36,742 --> 00:14:41,478
HE GRINDS A BONE SAMPLE INTO A
POWDER AND ADDS IT TO A LIQUID.
230
00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:43,646
WHEN HE SPRAYS THE LIQUID
INTO A FLAME,
231
00:14:43,648 --> 00:14:45,815
IT WILL BURN
WITH A SIGNATURE COLOR,
232
00:14:45,817 --> 00:14:47,851
A FINGERPRINT THAT REVEALS
THE CHEMICALS
233
00:14:47,853 --> 00:14:49,719
LOCKED INSIDE THE BONE.
234
00:15:05,070 --> 00:15:07,470
STRONTIUM IS A MINERAL
SIMILAR TO CALCIUM
235
00:15:07,472 --> 00:15:09,339
WHICH STRENGTHENS BONE.
236
00:15:09,341 --> 00:15:11,674
BECAUSE ITS PRESENCE HERE
IS SO HIGH,
237
00:15:11,676 --> 00:15:13,409
FABIAN CONCLUDES THE GLADIATORS
238
00:15:13,411 --> 00:15:16,346
WERE GIVEN A LITTLE EXTRA HELP
WITH THEIR DIET.
239
00:15:45,343 --> 00:15:48,478
THE GLADIATORS WHO FOUGHT
IN THE COLOSSEUM STARTED LIFE
240
00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:51,681
AS OUTCAST OF ROMAN SOCIETY,
241
00:15:51,683 --> 00:15:53,183
BUT CAREFUL NURTURING
TURNED THEM
242
00:15:53,185 --> 00:15:55,518
INTO ELITE FIGHTING MACHINES,
243
00:15:55,520 --> 00:15:58,721
FIT TO DELIVER THE EMPIRE'S
MESSAGE OF POWER.
244
00:16:07,165 --> 00:16:10,600
THESE NEW HEROES OF THE
COLOSSEUM PROVIDED A SPECTACLE
245
00:16:10,602 --> 00:16:13,570
THAT SHOWED OFF
THE MIGHT OF THE EMPIRE
246
00:16:13,572 --> 00:16:18,041
AND ROUSED PATRIOTIC PASSION
IN ITS CITIZENS.
247
00:16:18,043 --> 00:16:21,044
THE COLOSSEUM HAD BECOME ROME'S
MOST SUCCESSFUL
248
00:16:21,046 --> 00:16:24,347
MARKETING CAMPAIGN.
249
00:16:24,349 --> 00:16:27,584
BUT BEYOND THE SPECTACLE,
WHAT IMPACT DID THE COLOSSEUM
250
00:16:27,586 --> 00:16:31,387
HAVE ON THE EVERYDAY
LIVES OF ROMANS?
251
00:16:31,389 --> 00:16:34,724
NOW NEW EVIDENCE REVEALS
HOW THE COLOSSEUM FUELED
252
00:16:34,726 --> 00:16:37,227
THE EXPLOSION
OF A WHOLE NEW INDUSTRY
253
00:16:37,229 --> 00:16:40,063
TO POWER THE EMPIRE
ACROSS EUROPE.
254
00:16:48,839 --> 00:16:52,307
Narrator: THE COLOSSEUM,
BUILT IN 80 A.D.
255
00:16:52,309 --> 00:16:56,878
AS A GIFT TO WIN THE HEARTS
OF THE CITIZENS OF ROME,
256
00:16:56,880 --> 00:16:59,948
TO ENTERTAIN AND THRILL
WITH ASTONISHING BATTLES
257
00:16:59,950 --> 00:17:02,918
AND TERRIFYING CARNAGE.
258
00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:04,452
BUT THE GAMES WERE ONLY A PART
259
00:17:04,454 --> 00:17:06,087
OF WHAT THE COLOSSEUM
HAD TO OFFER
260
00:17:06,089 --> 00:17:09,858
TO CITIZENS THAT TRAVELED
FROM ALL CORNERS OF THE EMPIRE.
261
00:17:09,860 --> 00:17:12,160
¶¶
262
00:17:12,162 --> 00:17:15,197
SO HOW DID THE COLOSSEUM
CONTINUE TO INFLUENCE THE PEOPLE
263
00:17:15,199 --> 00:17:18,233
ONCE THEY HAD LEFT THE ARENA?
264
00:17:18,235 --> 00:17:21,336
SOMETIMES THE GAMES
ACTUALLY LASTED FOR WEEKS,
265
00:17:21,338 --> 00:17:25,874
BUT IT WAS REALLY BIG ACTIVITY
DAY AND NIGHT.
266
00:17:25,876 --> 00:17:29,077
Narrator:
THE TOWERING REMAINS OF THE
COLOSSEUM STILL IMPRESS US,
267
00:17:29,079 --> 00:17:31,613
EVEN TODAY.
268
00:17:33,917 --> 00:17:38,453
1,900 YEARS AGO, IT WOULD HAVE
LOOKED EVEN MORE MAGNIFICENT.
269
00:17:38,455 --> 00:17:41,389
THE STONE, NOW WEATHERED
AFTER TWO MILLENNIA,
270
00:17:41,391 --> 00:17:43,758
WOULD HAVE SHOWN
BRIGHTLY POLISHED.
271
00:17:46,196 --> 00:17:49,898
IN THE PERFECT ARCHWAYS,
STATUES OF MARBLE AND GOLD
272
00:17:49,900 --> 00:17:51,800
TRUMPETED THE GLORY OF ROME.
273
00:17:55,505 --> 00:18:00,408
ITS WALLS STRETCHED NEARLY
2,000 FEET AROUND THE OUTSIDE,
274
00:18:00,410 --> 00:18:04,746
RISING HIGHER THAN ANY
OTHER STRUCTURE IN THE CITY.
275
00:18:04,748 --> 00:18:07,148
THIS WAS THE BIGGEST
SINGLE BUILDING
276
00:18:07,150 --> 00:18:09,284
EVER CREATED BY THE EMPIRE.
277
00:18:09,286 --> 00:18:12,320
¶¶
278
00:18:15,292 --> 00:18:18,326
¶¶
279
00:18:19,997 --> 00:18:22,731
TODAY IN ROME,
LITTLE TRACE EXISTS
280
00:18:22,733 --> 00:18:27,235
OF ANYTHING BEYOND
THE AMPHITHEATER WALLS.
281
00:18:27,237 --> 00:18:28,603
¶¶
282
00:18:28,605 --> 00:18:31,373
BUT WOLFGANG NEUBAUER THINKS
THERE WAS MUCH MORE
283
00:18:31,375 --> 00:18:33,742
TO ROME'S SPECTACLE
OF ENTERTAINMENT.
284
00:18:36,813 --> 00:18:40,181
NEAR VIENNA, AUSTRIA, HE IS
HOPING TO FIND NEW EVIDENCE
285
00:18:40,183 --> 00:18:42,050
OF HOW THE EMPIRE DESIGNED
286
00:18:42,052 --> 00:18:44,386
AND LAID OUT THE COMPLEX
OF BUILDINGS
287
00:18:44,388 --> 00:18:47,088
SURROUNDING THE AMPHITHEATER.
288
00:18:47,090 --> 00:18:51,192
IN THESE FIELDS LIE THE REMAINS
OF A MYSTERIOUS LOST ROMAN TOWN
289
00:18:51,194 --> 00:18:52,827
CALLED CARNUNTUM,
290
00:18:52,829 --> 00:18:54,629
COMPLETE WITH
ITS OWN AMPHITHEATER
291
00:18:54,631 --> 00:18:56,431
MODELED ON THE COLOSSEUM.
292
00:18:58,468 --> 00:19:00,568
Neubauer: ALL THE REMAINS OF
THESE BUILDINGS, ALL THE WALLS,
293
00:19:00,570 --> 00:19:02,537
ALL THE FLOORS,
THEY ARE INVISIBLE TO THE EYE.
294
00:19:02,539 --> 00:19:07,342
IT'S JUST A GREEN FIELD,
BUT WE HAVE A HUGE TOWN HERE.
295
00:19:07,344 --> 00:19:10,545
THE CENTRAL AREA OF CARNUNTUM
IS SPREADING ALL OVER
296
00:19:10,547 --> 00:19:13,748
ABOUT 10 SQUARE KILOMETERS.
297
00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:18,119
Narrator:
BUT UNLIKE IN ROME, THE RUINS
HERE HAVE NEVER BEEN BUILT ON.
298
00:19:18,121 --> 00:19:23,425
UNDERGROUND, THE REMAINS
OF EVERY BUILDING LIE INTACT.
299
00:19:23,427 --> 00:19:26,761
THIS LOST TOWN CAN GIVE WOLFGANG
CLUES ABOUT THE NETWORK
300
00:19:26,763 --> 00:19:31,232
OF BUILDINGS AROUND THE COLISEUM
AND THE ROLE THEY PLAYED.
301
00:19:31,234 --> 00:19:32,867
HE'S SEARCHING
FOR HIDDEN BUILDINGS
302
00:19:32,869 --> 00:19:36,404
USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR.
303
00:19:36,406 --> 00:19:38,039
THIS IS THE LARGEST SURVEY
304
00:19:38,041 --> 00:19:40,575
EVER UNDERTAKEN ON A ROMAN TOWN
SO FAR.
305
00:19:40,577 --> 00:19:42,911
EVERYTHING IS PRESERVED
IN THE GROUND.
306
00:19:42,913 --> 00:19:46,715
THE ONLY TASK WE HAVE TO DO
IS TO MAKE IT VISIBLE AGAIN.
307
00:19:46,717 --> 00:19:49,184
Narrator: HIS SCANS REVEAL
A MASSIVE BUILDING
308
00:19:49,186 --> 00:19:52,954
SURROUNDING
THE AMPHITHEATER ITSELF.
309
00:19:52,956 --> 00:19:57,192
Neubauer:
WE CAN NOW DEPICT HERE COMPLETE
NEW QUARTER OF CARNUNTUM.
310
00:19:57,194 --> 00:19:58,560
IT'S OUTSIDE OF THE TOWN,
311
00:19:58,562 --> 00:20:01,930
AND IT'S BUILT DIRECT
IN RELATION TO THE AMPHITHEATER.
312
00:20:01,932 --> 00:20:04,666
¶¶
313
00:20:04,668 --> 00:20:08,169
Narrator:
AN ENTIRE VILLAGE GREW AROUND
THE AMPHITHEATER TO CATER
314
00:20:08,171 --> 00:20:10,505
FOR THE VAST CROWDS
THAT WOULD FLOCK HERE,
315
00:20:10,507 --> 00:20:13,575
JUST LIKE AT A MODERN-DAY
FOOTBALL GAME,
316
00:20:13,577 --> 00:20:16,711
THE SAME AS AT THE COLOSSEUM.
317
00:20:16,713 --> 00:20:19,914
THE SCANS OF THIS
INVISIBLE TOWN ALSO REVEAL
318
00:20:19,916 --> 00:20:21,583
THAT THE STARS OF THE GAMES,
319
00:20:21,585 --> 00:20:24,886
THE GLADIATORS,
WERE GIVEN SPECIAL PRIVILEGES.
320
00:20:24,888 --> 00:20:27,389
Neubauer:
THIS IS THE FIRST SCHOOL
OF GLADIATORS THAT WE FOUND
321
00:20:27,391 --> 00:20:31,326
OUTSIDE OF ROME THAT HAS BEEN
COMPLETELY SURVEYED.
322
00:20:31,328 --> 00:20:34,429
YOU CAN CLEARLY SEE A LINE
OF SMALL ROOMS.
323
00:20:34,431 --> 00:20:37,599
SO THIS MUST HAVE BEEN THE CELLS
FOR THE GLADIATORS.
324
00:20:37,601 --> 00:20:39,601
HERE WE HAVE ROOMS
THAT THEY MIGHT HAVE USED
325
00:20:39,603 --> 00:20:41,069
FOR MEDICAL CARE.
326
00:20:41,071 --> 00:20:45,240
BUT, ALSO, THERE IS A BIG HALL
WHERE THEY COULD EAT TOGETHER.
327
00:20:45,242 --> 00:20:49,644
THE GLADIATORIAL SCHOOL IN
CARNUNTUM IS ABSOLUTELY UNIQUE.
328
00:20:49,646 --> 00:20:51,646
WOLFGANG'S
WORK IS BRINGING TO LIFE
329
00:20:51,648 --> 00:20:55,383
THE INTRICATE DETAIL
OF THE GLADIATOR SCHOOL.
330
00:20:55,385 --> 00:20:57,685
BUT HIS SCANS ALSO REVEAL
THE ROLE PLAYED
331
00:20:57,687 --> 00:21:02,957
BY ALL THE BUSINESSES THAT
GREW AROUND THE AMPHITHEATER.
332
00:21:02,959 --> 00:21:07,128
THE REMAINS REVEAL AN ENTIRE
TOWN THAT, LIKE THE COLOSSEUM,
333
00:21:07,130 --> 00:21:09,898
HELD GLADIATOR GAMES.
334
00:21:09,900 --> 00:21:14,702
THIS WAS THE FOURTH BIGGEST
AMPHITHEATER IN THE EMPIRE.
335
00:21:14,704 --> 00:21:17,572
THERE WAS AN ENTIRE
STREET SYSTEM,
336
00:21:17,574 --> 00:21:21,309
A MAIN ROAD INTO TOWN WAS LINED
WITH FAST-FOOD OUTLETS,
337
00:21:21,311 --> 00:21:23,311
SOUVENIR STALLS, SHOPS,
338
00:21:23,313 --> 00:21:28,149
AND BUSINESSES CATERING
FOR THE COLOSSAL CROWDS.
339
00:21:28,151 --> 00:21:31,419
THERE WAS EVEN ACCOMMODATION
FOR GLADIATORS
340
00:21:31,421 --> 00:21:35,824
WITH A HEATED TRAINING HALL,
A GARDEN, AND A BATH AND SPA.
341
00:21:35,826 --> 00:21:38,760
¶¶
342
00:21:38,762 --> 00:21:43,164
THESE GLADIATORS ENJOYED EVERY
HOME COMFORT YOU COULD WANT.
343
00:21:43,166 --> 00:21:46,067
¶¶
344
00:21:46,069 --> 00:21:48,203
WOLFGANG'S
DISCOVERIES HERE REVEALED
345
00:21:48,205 --> 00:21:51,105
THE FULL STORY
OF ROME'S COLOSSEUM.
346
00:21:51,107 --> 00:21:53,174
Neubauer:
THE COMBINATION OF ALL THIS DATA
347
00:21:53,176 --> 00:21:56,411
AND THE IMAGERY
THAT WE PRODUCED OUT OF IT,
348
00:21:56,413 --> 00:22:00,949
THIS IS A LOOK INTO THE DAY
OF THE SPECTACLE THAT HAPPENED,
349
00:22:00,951 --> 00:22:03,585
REALLY ON AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE.
350
00:22:03,587 --> 00:22:07,188
Narrator: AND ALL ACROSS EUROPE,
COPIES OF THE COLOSSEUM OFFERED
351
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:11,960
NEW ROMAN CITIZENS
A PART IN THAT INDUSTRY.
352
00:22:11,962 --> 00:22:15,230
Neubauer:
SUCH A DAY WAS REALLY IMPORTANT
FOR THE WHOLE SOCIETY HERE.
353
00:22:15,232 --> 00:22:17,932
IT'S JUST AMAZING TO BRING
THIS TO LIFE AGAIN,
354
00:22:17,934 --> 00:22:21,469
TO SEE HOW THIS ALL WORKED AND
ON WHAT HIGH INDUSTRIAL LEVEL
355
00:22:21,471 --> 00:22:24,839
THIS ENTERTAINMENT
BUSINESS ACTUALLY WAS.
356
00:22:24,841 --> 00:22:27,275
Narrator: WITH SUCH A HUGE
INDUSTRY IN PLACE,
357
00:22:27,277 --> 00:22:31,846
MANY LIVELIHOODS DEPENDED
ON THE GAMES HERE AND IN ROME.
358
00:22:31,848 --> 00:22:34,349
THE COLOSSEUM AND THE THEATERS
THAT COPIED
359
00:22:34,351 --> 00:22:37,185
IT WERE THE LIFEBLOOD
OF THE EMPIRE.
360
00:22:37,187 --> 00:22:39,754
Neubauer:
THESE FINDINGS HERE IN CARNUNTUM
CLEARLY CHANGED OUR IMAGE
361
00:22:39,756 --> 00:22:43,791
OF HOW THE GLADIATORIAL GAMES
IN THE PROVINCES WAS ORGANIZED.
362
00:22:43,793 --> 00:22:46,294
SO IT WAS NOT PEOPLE
TRAVELING AROUND,
363
00:22:46,296 --> 00:22:48,463
GLADIATORS
WHICH WERE BROUGHT IN.
364
00:22:48,465 --> 00:22:49,864
IT WAS REALLY STABLE.
365
00:22:49,866 --> 00:22:52,600
IT WAS AN INFRASTRUCTURE
THAT WAS SET UP.
366
00:22:52,602 --> 00:22:57,071
YEAH, IT WAS A BIG BUSINESS.
367
00:22:57,073 --> 00:23:00,608
Narrator:
OUT OF THIS VAST BUSINESS
GREW EQUALLY HUGE LEGENDS
368
00:23:00,610 --> 00:23:04,345
OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
STAGED INSIDE THE COLOSSEUM.
369
00:23:04,347 --> 00:23:07,849
AND MYSTERY STILL SURROUNDS
ONE OF THE GREATEST.
370
00:23:07,851 --> 00:23:13,688
COULD THEY PERFORM GIANT SEA
BATTLES INSIDE THE ARENA?
371
00:23:13,690 --> 00:23:17,325
AND HOW DID THE ERA OF THE
GLADIATOR FINALLY COME TO AN END
372
00:23:17,327 --> 00:23:20,128
FOR THE GREATEST
EMPIRE ON EARTH?
373
00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:28,107
¶¶
374
00:23:28,109 --> 00:23:32,511
Narrator:
THE COLOSSEUM, CENTERPIECE
TO A VAST INDUSTRY OF PROPAGANDA
375
00:23:32,513 --> 00:23:34,913
AND ENTERTAINMENT.
376
00:23:34,915 --> 00:23:39,118
ANCIENT ROMANS FLOCKED HERE
IN THEIR THOUSANDS TO BE AMAZED
377
00:23:39,120 --> 00:23:42,755
BY THE EMPIRE'S
MOST LEGENDARY STARS --
378
00:23:42,757 --> 00:23:45,057
GLADIATORS.
379
00:23:45,059 --> 00:23:48,894
BUT ONE COLOSSEUM LEGEND
IS CLOAKED IN MYSTERY.
380
00:23:48,896 --> 00:23:53,399
WERE GIANT SEA BATTLES
STAGED INSIDE THE ARENA?
381
00:23:53,401 --> 00:23:55,667
Higgins: THE COLOSSEUM
WAS A REAL SHOWPIECE,
382
00:23:55,669 --> 00:23:57,803
SO I THINK IT'S NOT
IMPROBABLE AT ALL
383
00:23:57,805 --> 00:24:01,473
THAT THE ROMANS WOULD HOLD
SUCH A SEA SPECTACLE.
384
00:24:01,475 --> 00:24:06,445
Narrator:
HOW COULD THIS STADIUM POSSIBLY
BE FILLED WITH BATTLESHIPS?
385
00:24:10,117 --> 00:24:14,620
THERE'S A CLUE BURIED
RIGHT NEXT TO THE COLOSSEUM --
386
00:24:14,622 --> 00:24:18,624
A THREE-FOOT-WIDE TUNNEL THAT
RUNS RIGHT BENEATH THE WALLS.
387
00:24:18,626 --> 00:24:21,960
¶¶
388
00:24:21,962 --> 00:24:25,230
ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVED THAT IT
MAY FEED INTO A LABYRINTH
389
00:24:25,232 --> 00:24:28,867
OF STRANGE, SHALLOW CHANNELS --
390
00:24:28,869 --> 00:24:32,471
CHANNELS THAT LEAD
TO THE CENTER OF THE ARENA.
391
00:24:32,473 --> 00:24:37,042
COULD THESE BE THE REMAINS OF
A GIGANTIC SYSTEM WITH THE POWER
392
00:24:37,044 --> 00:24:39,178
TO FLOOD THE COLOSSEUM
WITH WATER...
393
00:24:39,180 --> 00:24:42,214
¶¶
394
00:24:43,117 --> 00:24:46,919
...SO THE EMPEROR COULD STAGE
FULL-BLOWN SEA BATTLES,
395
00:24:46,921 --> 00:24:50,756
THE ULTIMATE DISPLAY OF ROMAN
MIGHT AND INGENUITY?
396
00:24:50,758 --> 00:24:53,792
¶¶
397
00:24:55,396 --> 00:24:57,729
THE LEGEND OF THE COLOSSEUM'S
SEA BATTLES
398
00:24:57,731 --> 00:25:00,732
COMES FROM A SINGLE
ANCIENT TEXT.
399
00:25:00,734 --> 00:25:05,204
IT DESCRIBES THE ARENA
FLOODING IN A MATTER OF HOURS.
400
00:25:05,206 --> 00:25:07,739
HOW COULD THIS BE POSSIBLE?
401
00:25:10,711 --> 00:25:14,613
HIGH UP IN THE MOUNTAINS
OUTSIDE ROME,
402
00:25:14,615 --> 00:25:18,016
VALERIE HIGGINS IS TRYING
TO FIND THE ANSWER.
403
00:25:18,018 --> 00:25:21,053
SHE STARTS AT ONE OF ROME'S
FAMOUS AQUEDUCTS,
404
00:25:21,055 --> 00:25:22,821
THE AQUA CLAUDIA.
405
00:25:22,823 --> 00:25:25,157
IT'S THE BIGGEST
OF 11 GIANT CHANNELS
406
00:25:25,159 --> 00:25:28,494
THAT PIPED WATER
INTO THE ANCIENT CITY.
407
00:25:28,496 --> 00:25:32,164
Higgins:
WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH
WATER COULD GO THROUGH IT.
408
00:25:32,166 --> 00:25:36,568
WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW
IT DELIVERED WATER INTO ROME.
409
00:25:36,570 --> 00:25:42,441
HOW DIFFICULT IS IT FOR
THE ROMANS TO FILL AN ARENA?
410
00:25:42,443 --> 00:25:45,177
Narrator: HELPING VALERIE
IS ADRIANA MORABIDO,
411
00:25:45,179 --> 00:25:49,314
AN EXPERT IN ROMAN
SUBTERRANEAN TUNNELS.
412
00:25:49,316 --> 00:25:53,619
THIS ANCIENT AQUEDUCT ONCE
CHANNELED FRESH WATER 46 MILES
413
00:25:53,621 --> 00:25:55,787
INTO THE CENTER OF ROME.
414
00:25:55,789 --> 00:25:59,892
Higgins:
ALONG HERE, WE CAN SEE THE LEVEL
OF THE WATER GOING ALONG.
415
00:25:59,894 --> 00:26:01,860
MAXIMUM
HALF A METER OF WATER,
416
00:26:01,862 --> 00:26:03,729
AND THEN THE REST
WAS JUST EMPTY.
417
00:26:03,731 --> 00:26:07,199
OBVIOUSLY, IT WAS GOING DOWN
BY GRAVITY, NOT BY PRESSURE.
418
00:26:07,201 --> 00:26:10,002
Narrator:
VALERIE WANTS TO WORK OUT
WHETHER THIS AQUEDUCT
419
00:26:10,004 --> 00:26:13,038
COULD HAVE SUPPLIED ENOUGH WATER
TO FILL THE COLOSSEUM
420
00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:15,707
IN JUST A FEW HOURS.
421
00:26:15,709 --> 00:26:16,808
WHAT WE WOULD LIKE TO DO
422
00:26:16,810 --> 00:26:18,577
IS MEASURE THE HEIGHT
OF THE AQUEDUCT,
423
00:26:18,579 --> 00:26:20,979
AND THEN MEASURE IT
IN ANOTHER PLACE, AS WELL,
424
00:26:20,981 --> 00:26:23,849
SO WE CAN WORK OUT
THE GRADIENT.
425
00:26:23,851 --> 00:26:26,785
THE SLOPE OF THE TUNNEL FLOOR
WILL HELP THEM CALCULATE
426
00:26:26,787 --> 00:26:30,489
HOW FAST WATER FLOWED INTO ROME.
427
00:26:30,491 --> 00:26:34,426
SO HERE IS 110,
AND THERE IS 87.
428
00:26:34,428 --> 00:26:39,331
SO WE HAVE A 23 CENTIMETERS'
DIFFERENCE IN 9 METERS.
429
00:26:39,333 --> 00:26:42,467
BUT WHAT THEY FIND
IS A VERY GENTLE SLOPE,
430
00:26:42,469 --> 00:26:45,170
A GRADIENT OF ONLY 1 IN 40.
431
00:26:45,172 --> 00:26:48,073
THEY DIDN'T ACTUALLY WANT
THE GRADIENT TO BE TOO STEEP.
432
00:26:48,075 --> 00:26:50,509
WATER THAT'S FLOWING TOO FAST
ERODES THE STRUCTURE.
433
00:26:50,511 --> 00:26:52,377
[ BEEPING ]
434
00:26:52,379 --> 00:26:54,246
VALERIE'S WORK SHOWS
THE WATER HERE
435
00:26:54,248 --> 00:26:56,281
WOULD HAVE FLOWED FAR TOO SLOWLY
436
00:26:56,283 --> 00:26:59,751
TO FILL THE COLOSSEUM
AS THE LEGEND DESCRIBES.
437
00:26:59,753 --> 00:27:01,820
Higgins: IT'S AN EXTRAORDINARILY
LARGE ARENA.
438
00:27:01,822 --> 00:27:03,388
IT ISN'T FILLED VERY HIGH.
439
00:27:03,390 --> 00:27:05,724
IT'S ONLY FILLED TO LIKE
A METER AND A HALF.
440
00:27:05,726 --> 00:27:09,061
BUT NEVERTHELESS, IT'S REALLY
HARD TO IMAGINE WATER
441
00:27:09,063 --> 00:27:12,998
COMING THROUGH HERE
FILLING THE COLOSSEUM.
442
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:14,933
BUT VALERIE BELIEVES
THE AQUEDUCT
443
00:27:14,935 --> 00:27:17,769
MAY NOT TELL THE WHOLE STORY.
444
00:27:17,771 --> 00:27:20,272
SHE THINKS THERE MAY BE
A CRUCIAL PIECE MISSING
445
00:27:20,274 --> 00:27:23,609
FROM THIS COMPLEX PUZZLE
OF ROMAN PLUMBING.
446
00:27:23,611 --> 00:27:26,044
¶¶
447
00:27:26,046 --> 00:27:29,481
MULTIPLE AQUEDUCTS, 11 IN TOTAL,
448
00:27:29,483 --> 00:27:33,585
CHANNELED FRESHWATER
DIRECTLY INTO ANCIENT ROME.
449
00:27:33,587 --> 00:27:36,722
VALERIE'S THEORY IS THAT
WHEN THE COLOSSEUM WAS BUILT,
450
00:27:36,724 --> 00:27:41,927
A HUGE WATER TANK WAS ADDED
SOMEWHERE NEAR THE AMPHITHEATER.
451
00:27:41,929 --> 00:27:47,966
THE TANK STORED ENOUGH WATER TO
FLOOD THE COLOSSEUM IN ONE SHOT.
452
00:27:47,968 --> 00:27:51,837
BENEATH THE AMPHITHEATER,
THE NETWORK OF CIRCULAR CHANNELS
453
00:27:51,839 --> 00:27:53,939
DISTRIBUTED
THE STORED WATER QUICKLY
454
00:27:53,941 --> 00:27:57,309
AND EVENLY INTO THE ARENA FLOOR,
455
00:27:57,311 --> 00:28:00,479
READY FOR A SPECTACULAR
SEA BATTLE.
456
00:28:00,481 --> 00:28:02,748
THEN, FOUR HUGE
DRAINAGE CHANNELS
457
00:28:02,750 --> 00:28:05,484
OPENED TO FLUSH
THE WATER AWAY AGAIN
458
00:28:05,486 --> 00:28:08,587
IN TIME FOR THE NEXT GAMES.
459
00:28:08,589 --> 00:28:11,290
¶¶
460
00:28:11,292 --> 00:28:15,093
BUT IF A GIANT STORAGE TANK WAS
THE KEY TO FILLING THE COLOSSEUM
461
00:28:15,095 --> 00:28:18,897
WITH WATER, WHERE IS IT?
462
00:28:18,899 --> 00:28:21,300
WITH THE HELP
OF DR. MATEO BARONI,
463
00:28:21,302 --> 00:28:25,704
VALERIE FOLLOWS THE ROUTE OF
THE AQUEDUCT THROUGH URBAN ROME.
464
00:28:25,706 --> 00:28:28,540
NEAR THE COLOSSEUM, SHE
DISCOVERS THE PARTIAL REMAINS
465
00:28:28,542 --> 00:28:31,877
OF A MUCH LARGER STRUCTURE
THAT ONCE EXISTED HERE.
466
00:28:31,879 --> 00:28:34,913
COULD THIS BE THE MISSING
PIECE OF THE JIGSAW?
467
00:28:34,915 --> 00:28:38,250
Higgins: WE HAVE SOME REMAINS
OF A MONUMENTAL FOUNTAIN.
468
00:28:38,252 --> 00:28:41,320
WHAT IS INTERESTING ABOUT
THE MONUMENTAL FOUNTAIN
469
00:28:41,322 --> 00:28:45,290
IS THERE WAS A WATER
STORAGE UNIT IN IT.
470
00:28:45,292 --> 00:28:48,060
Narrator:
VALERIE THINKS THE ORIGINAL
STRUCTURE IS NOW MISSING,
471
00:28:48,062 --> 00:28:51,697
BUT WOULD HAVE BEEN BIG ENOUGH
TO HOLD THE 3.5 MILLION GALLONS
472
00:28:51,699 --> 00:28:53,699
NEEDED TO FILL THE COLOSSEUM.
473
00:28:53,701 --> 00:28:55,600
WE'VE GOT THE COLOSSEUM
OVER THERE,
474
00:28:55,602 --> 00:28:59,471
SO THIS COULD QUITE EASILY
BE DIVERTED
475
00:28:59,473 --> 00:29:02,040
TO BE USED IN THE COLOSSEUM.
476
00:29:02,042 --> 00:29:04,409
Narrator:
BUT IT WOULD HAVE TO FLOW FAST
TO DO THE JOB
477
00:29:04,411 --> 00:29:07,279
IN JUST A FEW HOURS.
478
00:29:07,281 --> 00:29:10,148
SHE MAKES ONE FINAL MEASUREMENT
TO WORK OUT THE SLOPE
479
00:29:10,150 --> 00:29:14,086
BETWEEN THE TANK
AND THE FLOOR OF THE COLOSSEUM.
480
00:29:14,088 --> 00:29:19,324
IT'S SIX METERS DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN HERE AND THE COLOSSEUM.
481
00:29:19,326 --> 00:29:22,361
IT'S VERY STEEP GOING DOWN HERE.
482
00:29:22,363 --> 00:29:24,429
IT DESCENDS QUITE FAST.
483
00:29:24,431 --> 00:29:27,499
YOU COULD GET A BIG,
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE FROM HERE
484
00:29:27,501 --> 00:29:31,703
THAT WOULD PUSH THE WATER
INTO THE COLOSSEUM VERY QUICKLY.
485
00:29:31,705 --> 00:29:36,608
SO I THINK IT'S A FEASIBLE
PROPOSITION.
486
00:29:36,610 --> 00:29:38,076
¶¶
487
00:29:38,078 --> 00:29:41,213
Narrator:
THANKS TO THE INGENUITY
OF ROMAN WATER ENGINEERS,
488
00:29:41,215 --> 00:29:43,315
THE COLOSSEUM STAGED SPECTACLES
489
00:29:43,317 --> 00:29:47,619
THAT BECAME LEGENDARY
ACROSS THE EXPANDING EMPIRE.
490
00:29:47,621 --> 00:29:52,157
BUT SEA BATTLES COULDN'T BE
STAGED AT EVERY AMPHITHEATER.
491
00:29:52,159 --> 00:29:56,361
HOW DID THE EMPIRE CAPTIVATE
ITS CITIZENS WITHOUT THEM?
492
00:29:56,363 --> 00:29:59,698
NOW, NEW CLUES IN NAPLES
REVEAL THE MAGICAL TECHNIQUES
493
00:29:59,700 --> 00:30:01,733
ONCE USED TO STRIKE AWE
AND WONDER
494
00:30:01,735 --> 00:30:04,870
INTO THE COLOSSEUM'S CROWDS.
495
00:30:11,297 --> 00:30:13,764
¶¶
496
00:30:13,766 --> 00:30:15,199
Narrator: THE COLOSSEUM.
497
00:30:15,201 --> 00:30:17,668
A SPECTACULAR BUILDING
THAT HELPED ESTABLISH
498
00:30:17,670 --> 00:30:21,205
THE GREATEST EMPIRE IN HISTORY.
499
00:30:21,207 --> 00:30:25,075
THIS IS WHERE THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CAST ITS SPELL ON ITS CITIZENS.
500
00:30:25,077 --> 00:30:27,711
¶¶
501
00:30:27,713 --> 00:30:30,514
INSIDE,
A MYSTERIOUS MAZE OF WALLS
502
00:30:30,516 --> 00:30:34,985
AND PASSAGES FILLS
THE FLOOR OF THE ARENA.
503
00:30:34,987 --> 00:30:37,388
THEY SUGGEST
THAT SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY
504
00:30:37,390 --> 00:30:40,457
ONCE HAPPENED HERE,
505
00:30:40,459 --> 00:30:42,593
BUT THESE REMAINS
HAVE CRUMBLED TOO MUCH
506
00:30:42,595 --> 00:30:44,562
TO REVEAL THEIR SECRETS.
507
00:30:47,700 --> 00:30:49,300
¶¶
508
00:30:49,302 --> 00:30:52,303
HEINZ BESTE HAS COME
TO THE CAPUA AMPHITHEATER,
509
00:30:52,305 --> 00:30:56,440
A TWIN ARENA TO THE COLOSSEUM.
510
00:30:56,442 --> 00:30:58,075
HE BELIEVES
THERE IS EVIDENCE HERE
511
00:30:58,077 --> 00:31:00,344
THAT THE ROMANS
COULD MAKE EXOTIC ANIMALS,
512
00:31:00,346 --> 00:31:01,779
LIKE LIONS AND TIGERS,
513
00:31:01,781 --> 00:31:04,848
SUDDENLY APPEAR OUT
OF NOWHERE IN THE ARENA.
514
00:31:17,163 --> 00:31:20,831
THESE UNDERGROUND WALLS ARE
DOTTED WITH CLUES THAT CAN TELL
515
00:31:20,833 --> 00:31:24,468
HEINZ HOW THE EMPIRE DAZZLED
ITS AUDIENCES WITH SHOWS
516
00:31:24,470 --> 00:31:27,271
DESIGNED TO DEMONSTRATE
THE MIGHT OF ROME.
517
00:31:30,943 --> 00:31:34,378
AND IT'S NOT LONG BEFORE HE
STARTS TO SEE TELLTALE PATTERNS
518
00:31:34,380 --> 00:31:36,714
EMERGE IN THE MASONRY MARKINGS.
519
00:31:47,393 --> 00:31:52,062
THESE SMALL HOLES IN THE WALLS
ARE CRUCIAL CLUES TO HEINZ.
520
00:31:52,064 --> 00:31:54,198
THEY REVEAL THAT THE SHAFTS
AND COLUMNS
521
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:57,034
ONCE SUPPORTED COMPLEX
THEATRICAL MACHINERY,
522
00:31:57,036 --> 00:31:59,770
LIFTS, TRAP DOORS, AND RAMPS.
523
00:32:09,248 --> 00:32:11,749
THESE THEATRICAL MACHINES
WERE THE KEY
524
00:32:11,751 --> 00:32:16,253
TO THE UNBELIEVABLE SPECTACLE
STAGED IN THE ARENA,
525
00:32:16,255 --> 00:32:18,122
AND HE THINKS
THAT SOME NEW CLUES
526
00:32:18,124 --> 00:32:21,425
REVEAL THE SCALE OF
THE MACHINES THAT WERE USED
527
00:32:21,427 --> 00:32:23,661
AND HOW THEY MANAGED
TO RAISE HUGE,
528
00:32:23,663 --> 00:32:26,897
WILD BEASTS TO THE ARENA FLOOR.
529
00:32:26,899 --> 00:32:29,400
¶¶
530
00:32:29,402 --> 00:32:31,301
BENEATH THE ARENA FLOOR
531
00:32:31,303 --> 00:32:35,906
AND AMONG THE DENSE MAZE
OF CONCRETE SHAFTS...
532
00:32:40,413 --> 00:32:43,547
...ENGINEERS BUILT
INSIDE EACH CHAMBER
533
00:32:43,549 --> 00:32:45,849
ELABORATE WOODEN ELEVATORS
534
00:32:45,851 --> 00:32:50,120
TO RAISE DANGEROUS BEASTS
TO THE ARENA.
535
00:32:50,122 --> 00:32:54,158
SLAVES DROVE A CAPSTAN
THAT WINCHED THE CAGED ANIMAL
536
00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:57,961
UP TO A TRAP DOOR
BENEATH THE ARENA FLOOR...
537
00:32:57,963 --> 00:32:59,296
[ ANIMAL GROWLS ]
538
00:32:59,298 --> 00:33:02,332
¶¶
539
00:33:03,169 --> 00:33:08,972
...MAKING BEASTS AND FIGHTERS
APPEAR AS IF BY MAGIC.
540
00:33:08,974 --> 00:33:10,741
[ BLADES CLANKING,
CROWD CHEERING ]
541
00:33:10,743 --> 00:33:13,610
¶¶
542
00:33:24,724 --> 00:33:28,292
THIS UNDERGROUND LABYRINTH
WAS THE BAKING-HOT SWEATSHOP
543
00:33:28,294 --> 00:33:29,893
THAT DROVE THE ARENA,
544
00:33:29,895 --> 00:33:31,361
AND IT WOULD HAVE LOOKED
VERY DIFFERENT
545
00:33:31,363 --> 00:33:33,130
FROM HOW IT APPEARS TODAY.
546
00:33:56,088 --> 00:34:00,591
BELOW THE ARENA, EVERYTHING HAD
TO RUN LIKE CLOCKWORK
547
00:34:00,593 --> 00:34:03,026
BECAUSE HERE
AND AT THE COLOSSEUM,
548
00:34:03,028 --> 00:34:05,362
ONLY A PERFECT SHOW WOULD DO.
549
00:34:20,346 --> 00:34:22,780
AUDIENCES WOULD ROAR
WITH EXCITEMENT,
550
00:34:22,782 --> 00:34:27,017
IN AWE AT THE BREATHTAKING POWER
OF THEIR ROMAN MASTERS.
551
00:34:27,019 --> 00:34:29,219
[ CROWD CHEERS ]
552
00:34:29,221 --> 00:34:31,955
HEINZ'S DISCOVERIES REVEAL
HOW THE COLOSSEUM
553
00:34:31,957 --> 00:34:35,092
WAS DESIGNED WITH ONE PURPOSE --
554
00:34:35,094 --> 00:34:38,061
TO DEFY BELIEF.
555
00:34:38,063 --> 00:34:41,698
WITHIN ITS WALLS AND THOSE
OF AMPHITHEATERS ACROSS EUROPE,
556
00:34:41,700 --> 00:34:43,834
AUDIENCES WOULD FALL
UNDER THE SPELL
557
00:34:43,836 --> 00:34:46,470
OF THE MIGHTY ROMAN EMPIRE.
558
00:34:46,472 --> 00:34:49,506
¶¶
559
00:34:50,943 --> 00:34:54,511
BUT THE COLOSSEUM
DID NOT LAST FOREVER.
560
00:34:54,513 --> 00:34:57,114
CAN NEW EVIDENCE BENEATH
THE STREETS OF ROME
561
00:34:57,116 --> 00:35:01,885
REVEAL WHAT LED TO THE COLLAPSE
OF THIS ONCE MIGHTY STRUCTURE?
562
00:35:01,887 --> 00:35:05,422
AND DID IT CRUMBLE AS THE ROMAN
EMPIRE CRUMBLED AROUND IT?
563
00:35:15,506 --> 00:35:20,942
Narrator:
THE COLOSSEUM, ONCE A SYMBOL
OF ANCIENT ROMAN POWER.
564
00:35:20,944 --> 00:35:23,912
FIRST BUILT TO WIN
OVER THE CITIZENS OF ROME,
565
00:35:23,914 --> 00:35:26,481
IT BECAME THE BLUEPRINT
FOR MANY AMPHITHEATERS
566
00:35:26,483 --> 00:35:30,118
CONSTRUCTED ACROSS THE EMPIRE.
567
00:35:30,120 --> 00:35:34,189
AND LIKE THE EMPIRE,
IT BECAME A WAY OF LIFE.
568
00:35:34,191 --> 00:35:37,225
NOW, IT LIES IN RUINS.
569
00:35:37,227 --> 00:35:40,428
Giordano: THIS BUILDING
IS ICONIC AS IT REPRESENTS
570
00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:43,198
THE EVOLUTION
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
571
00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:47,736
FROM ITS RISE THROUGH ITS FALL.
572
00:35:47,738 --> 00:35:50,005
Narrator: WAS IT THE END
OF THE EMPIRE ITSELF
573
00:35:50,007 --> 00:35:53,141
THAT TRIGGERED THE COLLAPSE
OF THE COLOSSEUM?
574
00:35:53,143 --> 00:35:56,311
OR DO CLUES INSIDE THE ARENA
ITSELF SUGGEST
575
00:35:56,313 --> 00:36:00,448
THAT AN ACT OF NATURE
BROUGHT DOWN ITS WALLS?
576
00:36:00,450 --> 00:36:03,585
¶¶
577
00:36:03,587 --> 00:36:06,321
UNDER THE QUARTER OF
A MILLION TONS OF MASONRY
578
00:36:06,323 --> 00:36:10,125
SIT TRULY COLOSSAL FOUNDATIONS.
579
00:36:10,127 --> 00:36:15,130
A GIGANTIC DOUGHNUT OVER HALF
A MILE AROUND, 100 FEET THICK
580
00:36:15,132 --> 00:36:20,569
AND 40 FEET DEEP, MADE FROM
THE ROMANS' TOUGHEST CONCRETE.
581
00:36:20,571 --> 00:36:24,306
BUT EXPERTS BELIEVE
IT WASN'T TOUGH ENOUGH,
582
00:36:24,308 --> 00:36:26,274
CAUSING CRACKS TO FORM,
583
00:36:26,276 --> 00:36:28,777
WHICH DIVIDED
THE FOUNDATION IN HALF
584
00:36:28,779 --> 00:36:32,981
AND RUINED THE STABILITY
OF THE STRUCTURE ABOVE.
585
00:36:32,983 --> 00:36:35,317
BUT WHAT COULD HAVE
CAUSED THESE CRACKS?
586
00:36:35,319 --> 00:36:39,054
HOW DID THE GREATEST EMPIRE
BUILDERS MAKE A MISTAKE
587
00:36:39,056 --> 00:36:42,390
THAT ULTIMATELY BROUGHT DOWN
THE ARENA'S GIANT WALL?
588
00:36:48,899 --> 00:36:51,867
GEOLOGIST GUIDO GIORDANO
HAS STUDIED THE LANDSCAPE
589
00:36:51,869 --> 00:36:55,270
AROUND THE COLOSSEUM
FOR SEVERAL YEARS.
590
00:36:55,272 --> 00:36:57,806
HE THINKS CRACKS IN THE
FOUNDATION OF THE COLOSSEUM
591
00:36:57,808 --> 00:37:01,076
WOULD EXPLAIN WHAT CAUSED
THE AMPHITHEATER'S COLLAPSE.
592
00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:07,482
THE NORTH SIDE IS BUILT ON THE
SAME ROCK THAT MAKE THIS HILL,
593
00:37:07,484 --> 00:37:10,218
WHICH ARE STRONG, GOOD BEDROCK.
594
00:37:10,220 --> 00:37:12,287
BUT ON THE SOUTH
SIDE, THE COLOSSEUM
595
00:37:12,289 --> 00:37:15,857
IS BUILT ON VERY SOFT SEDIMENT.
596
00:37:15,859 --> 00:37:18,727
Narrator: SOFT, MUDDY RIVER
DEPOSITS BENEATH THE SOUTHERN
597
00:37:18,729 --> 00:37:20,161
HALF OF THE COLOSSEUM
598
00:37:20,163 --> 00:37:23,999
MAKE THIS PART OF
THE BUILDING VERY UNSTABLE.
599
00:37:24,001 --> 00:37:27,469
DID ONE OF THE MANY EARTHQUAKES
THAT ROCKED ANCIENT ROME
600
00:37:27,471 --> 00:37:30,105
CRACK THE COLOSSEUM IN TWO?
601
00:37:30,107 --> 00:37:34,175
Giordano: DURING THE BIG
EARTHQUAKE THAT STRUCK ROME,
602
00:37:34,177 --> 00:37:37,812
THE SHAKING OF THE GROUND
WAS SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT
603
00:37:37,814 --> 00:37:40,916
FROM THE NORTH SIDE
ON THE SOLID ROCK,
604
00:37:40,918 --> 00:37:43,852
WHERE THE SHAKING
WAS JUST LIKE THIS,
605
00:37:43,854 --> 00:37:46,321
TO THE SOUTH SIDE
ON THE SOFT ROCK,
606
00:37:46,323 --> 00:37:48,490
WHERE THE SHAKING WAS LIKE THAT.
607
00:37:48,492 --> 00:37:52,494
AND YOU CAN SEE BIG CRACKS
RUNNING THROUGH.
608
00:37:52,496 --> 00:37:56,231
THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN YOU HAVE A BIG SHAKING
609
00:37:56,233 --> 00:38:00,568
AND DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDENCE.
610
00:38:00,570 --> 00:38:03,338
Narrator: IN FACT, AN EARTHQUAKE
DID BRING DOWN THE SOUTH WALL,
611
00:38:03,340 --> 00:38:06,841
BUT ONLY CENTURIES AFTER
THE END OF THE EMPIRE.
612
00:38:06,843 --> 00:38:10,211
DID SOMETHING ELSE CATASTROPHIC
END THE ERA OF THE COLOSSEUM
613
00:38:10,213 --> 00:38:12,347
MUCH EARLIER?
614
00:38:12,349 --> 00:38:14,950
GUIDO'S HUNTING FOR CLUES
IN OTHER ANCIENT RUINS
615
00:38:14,952 --> 00:38:18,219
CLOSE TO THE AMPHITHEATER.
616
00:38:18,221 --> 00:38:20,355
Giordano: THIS IS THE THEATER
OF MARCELLUS,
617
00:38:20,357 --> 00:38:24,159
THE LARGEST THEATER
OF ANCIENT ROME,
618
00:38:24,161 --> 00:38:25,927
SIMILAR TO THE COLOSSEUM.
619
00:38:25,929 --> 00:38:29,731
IT HAS SEEN A LOT OF CHANGES.
620
00:38:29,733 --> 00:38:32,367
Narrator: LIKE THE COLOSSEUM,
THE THEATER OF MARCELLUS
621
00:38:32,369 --> 00:38:36,171
WAS ONCE A GRAND SYMBOL
OF AN EMPIRE AT ITS PEAK,
622
00:38:36,173 --> 00:38:37,605
BUT SOMETHING CHANGED,
623
00:38:37,607 --> 00:38:39,507
SENDING THIS
MAGNIFICENT BUILDING
624
00:38:39,509 --> 00:38:42,610
INTO DECLINE, TOO.
625
00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:45,146
YOU CAN SEE AROUND HERE
THAT THERE ARE A LOT OF ROCKS
626
00:38:45,148 --> 00:38:49,417
SCATTERED, THAT SORT OF LITTERED
THE GROUND.
627
00:38:49,419 --> 00:38:52,821
THESE HOLES
USED TO HOIST METAL CLAMPS
628
00:38:52,823 --> 00:38:58,259
THAT THE ROMANS USED TO CONNECT
THESE TRAVERTINE BLOCKS
629
00:38:58,261 --> 00:39:00,929
IN ORDER TO STABILIZE
THE STRUCTURE.
630
00:39:00,931 --> 00:39:03,865
THIS IS ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS
THAT WERE STOLEN
631
00:39:03,867 --> 00:39:06,601
FROM THE MONUMENT.
632
00:39:06,603 --> 00:39:08,336
Narrator: DESPITE 300 YEARS
633
00:39:08,338 --> 00:39:11,773
AS THE HEART OF ROME'S VIBRANT
ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY,
634
00:39:11,775 --> 00:39:14,242
GUIDO BELIEVES THE MARCELLUS
AND THE COLISEUM
635
00:39:14,244 --> 00:39:17,879
SUFFERED A SUDDEN TWIST OF FATE.
636
00:39:17,881 --> 00:39:19,614
IF YOU LOOK AT THE TOP,
637
00:39:19,616 --> 00:39:22,517
YOU WILL NOTICE
THAT THERE ARE APARTMENTS.
638
00:39:22,519 --> 00:39:24,285
THOSE ARE CLEARLY NOT PART
639
00:39:24,287 --> 00:39:26,955
OF THE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE
OF THE THEATER.
640
00:39:26,957 --> 00:39:30,658
BEEN BUILT UP LATER ON
TO REPLACE THE TOP PART
641
00:39:30,660 --> 00:39:33,561
OF THE THEATER
THAT AT SOME STAGE COLLAPSED,
642
00:39:33,563 --> 00:39:38,099
WHEN THIS BEAUTIFUL THEATER
WAS PROGRESSIVELY ABANDONED.
643
00:39:38,101 --> 00:39:41,202
Narrator:
GUIDO THINKS THE THEATER WAS
ABANDONED FOLLOWING A DECISION
644
00:39:41,204 --> 00:39:44,239
TO MOVE POWER AND WEALTH
AWAY FROM ROME.
645
00:39:46,376 --> 00:39:50,145
NEARBY, AT AN ANCIENT BRIDGE,
GUIDO FINDS FURTHER CLUES
646
00:39:50,147 --> 00:39:52,947
ABOUT THE FATE OF THE THEATER.
647
00:39:52,949 --> 00:39:55,450
CONSIDER THIS NICE LAYERING.
648
00:39:55,452 --> 00:39:58,787
THE BLOCK THAT MAKE
THE COLUMNS OF THE THEATER
649
00:39:58,789 --> 00:40:03,124
JUST 500 METERS AWAY FROM HERE
ARE REMARKABLY SIMILAR.
650
00:40:03,126 --> 00:40:06,561
CONSIDERING THE AMOUNT OF
MATERIAL NEEDED FOR THIS BRIDGE,
651
00:40:06,563 --> 00:40:10,298
YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT POSSIBLY
THE THIRD LAYER OF THE THEATER,
652
00:40:10,300 --> 00:40:12,167
WHICH IS PRESENTLY MISSING,
653
00:40:12,169 --> 00:40:14,102
WAS ACTUALLY THE SITE
654
00:40:14,104 --> 00:40:19,374
WHERE MOST OF THESE BLOCKS
HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN TAKEN.
655
00:40:19,376 --> 00:40:21,609
Narrator: WITH THE EMPIRE'S
WEALTH IN DECLINE,
656
00:40:21,611 --> 00:40:24,512
THE LUXURIES OF LIFE,
THEATER, AND FUN
657
00:40:24,514 --> 00:40:27,849
WERE SACRIFICED
FOR BASIC BUILDING MAINTENANCE.
658
00:40:27,851 --> 00:40:30,785
Giordano: PEOPLE DID NOT HAVE
THE WEALTH TO GO TO THEATER
659
00:40:30,787 --> 00:40:34,189
OR TO GO TO OTHER
KIND OF PERFORMANCES.
660
00:40:34,191 --> 00:40:40,361
ENTERTAINMENT STRUCTURE LIKE THE
COLOSSEUM STARTED TO DECLINE,
661
00:40:40,363 --> 00:40:44,833
DETERIORATE, AND EVENTUALLY,
THROUGH TIME, EVEN COLLAPSE.
662
00:40:44,835 --> 00:40:46,267
¶¶
663
00:40:46,269 --> 00:40:48,837
Narrator: THE CRACKS
IN THE EMPIRE WERE SHOWING,
664
00:40:48,839 --> 00:40:51,673
AND THE COLOSSEUM WAS ABANDONED.
665
00:40:51,675 --> 00:40:56,377
AND WITH THAT, THE GOLDEN ERA
OF THE GLADIATOR WAS OVER.
666
00:40:56,379 --> 00:41:02,517
THESE ROCKS ARE WITNESS OF A
VERY COMPLEX AND LONG HISTORY.
667
00:41:02,519 --> 00:41:05,220
Narrator:
YET, ALMOST 2,000 YEARS LATER,
668
00:41:05,222 --> 00:41:08,423
THE COLOSSEUM'S RUINS HAVE
LOST NONE OF THEIR MAGIC.
669
00:41:10,727 --> 00:41:12,627
¶¶
670
00:41:12,629 --> 00:41:16,297
BUILT TO ERASE THE MEMORY
OF A SELFISH EMPEROR,
671
00:41:16,299 --> 00:41:19,667
THE COLOSSEUM WAS DESIGNED
TO ENTERTAIN THE PEOPLE
672
00:41:19,669 --> 00:41:23,271
AND TO FUEL THE RISE
OF AN EMPIRE.
673
00:41:23,273 --> 00:41:27,142
ITS HIDDEN SECRETS
STILL THRILL US EVEN TODAY.
674
00:41:27,144 --> 00:41:29,377
REMINDING US
THAT THE ROMAN EMPIRE
675
00:41:29,379 --> 00:41:32,313
WAS, INDEED,
THE GREATEST ON EARTH.
676
00:41:32,315 --> 00:41:35,350
¶¶
677
00:41:42,325 --> 00:41:45,360
¶¶
678
00:41:52,335 --> 00:41:55,470
¶¶
54813
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