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Leo.
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For God’s sake, Steele. Come on!
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Leo.
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It’s open.
7
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You can finish this on the boat.
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Right.
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00:00:35,650 --> 00:00:38,220
That is if the Japs don’t boob us first
like they did the Panay.
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00:00:38,350 --> 00:00:39,920
Well, I can swim. Can’t you?
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00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:41,870
Get a move on, Will you?
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00:00:42,170 --> 00:00:43,700
We can file our stories in Shanghai.
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00:00:53,620 --> 00:00:58,500
Japan launches a full-scale
invasion of China in July 1937
14
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As a part of its plan to rule all of Asia.
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00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:03,870
To take its place into the global power.
16
00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:06,620
After 5 months of hard fight,
17
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They take what was then the
capital of China, Nanking.
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00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:14,070
Mr, Simth.
19
00:01:14,350 --> 00:01:14,770
Mr. Steele.
20
00:01:15,970 --> 00:01:16,600
Dr.Wilson.
21
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I was afraid I wouldn’t catch you in time.
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Thought you left days ago.
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Bob.
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00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:24,750
The embassy tried to convince
most of us to leave on the Panay.
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00:01:24,870 --> 00:01:28,300
Good thing…we didn’t, or we might be on the
bottom of the Yangtze River alongside it.
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00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:31,520
Besides Fitch here,
how many of you are crazy enough to stay?
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Last count, it was 22 foreigners.
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00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:34,600
14 of us Americans.
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00:01:34,620 --> 00:01:35,820
Well, you have another chance to leave.
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00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:37,970
We have a boat waiting
to take us to the Oahu.
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00:01:38,370 --> 00:01:40,600
Smooth sailing to Shanghai
courtesy of the Us navy.
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00:01:41,020 --> 00:01:43,300
It seems I’m the last surgeon
left in Nanking. I can’t leave.
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But I do have a favor to ask of you.
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Anything.
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00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:47,320
But make it quick.
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00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:50,750
Take this letter along with you.
It is to my family.
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00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:51,850
Good luck.
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00:01:52,550 --> 00:01:53,050
And to you.
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00:01:55,850 --> 00:01:56,870
Thanks for the lift, Mr. Fitch.
40
00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:13,150
Oh God…
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00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:16,150
We can’t drive through that.
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00:02:24,270 --> 00:02:38,550
{Scars of Nanking}
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End of the safety zone.
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00:02:47,770 --> 00:02:49,610
When they first broke
through, I met a
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Japanese officer who had
it marked on his map.
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Doesn’t look like those two have a map.
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00:02:57,300 --> 00:02:59,620
Come on, we are on foot.
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00:03:04,450 --> 00:03:09,650
Journalists Archibald Steele and Leslie
C Smith are trying to escape a nightmare.
49
00:03:10,470 --> 00:03:11,600
For two days,
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Japanese troops have been
rampaging through Nanking.
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00:03:42,250 --> 00:03:44,800
[No marks from a gun or helmet]
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00:03:45,020 --> 00:03:46,020
[Not army]
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[I don’t care]
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00:03:49,150 --> 00:03:50,100
[Don’t kill me]
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00:03:55,450 --> 00:03:58,800
After the city fell to the Japanese Army,
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00:03:58,870 --> 00:04:01,570
The first few days were probably the worst.
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00:04:01,850 --> 00:04:05,120
In terms of the mass execution,
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Random killing of civilians.
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00:04:08,350 --> 00:04:11,520
The kind of violence that has
happened in Nanchang occurs,
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00:04:11,700 --> 00:04:13,070
Which is often Personal,
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00:04:13,170 --> 00:04:15,850
Which is sadistic, In-close quatres,
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Involves humiliation,
rape, and degradation.
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00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:24,650
The really interesting thing about
Nanchang is how much evidence we have,
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00:04:24,770 --> 00:04:30,210
And the evidence we have comes from
the foreigners who chose to stay.
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As a foreigner,
Journalists are allowed to pass unharmed.
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Japan does not want to
revoke the Western powers.
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00:05:04,370 --> 00:05:07,650
Steele and Smith make their
way to the Yangtze River.
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Steele.
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00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:22,200
I didn’t know if you were going to make it.
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00:05:22,420 --> 00:05:24,200
Our ride to the Oahu is waiting.
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00:05:24,670 --> 00:05:25,450
A moment later,
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00:05:25,770 --> 00:05:29,166
Journalists Archibald
Steele and Tillman Durdin
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witness what happened to
the Chinese prisoners.
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00:06:00,722 --> 00:06:02,602
The Japanese may call this war.
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00:06:03,472 --> 00:06:04,772
It looks like murder to me.
76
00:06:05,972 --> 00:06:10,972
And the scene on the riverfront as
I wait for the launch to the Oahu,
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00:06:11,022 --> 00:06:16,337
Was of a group of smoking chatting
Japanese officers overseeing
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00:06:16,349 --> 00:06:19,922
the massacre of the Battalion
Chinese captive troops.
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00:06:20,252 --> 00:06:24,952
They marched them out in groups
of about 15. Machinegunning them.
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00:06:36,972 --> 00:06:42,472
Japan always felt there was a
superior race than any other races.
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All the Asians.
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The superiority complex as nation made
them kill people they felt were inferior.
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The responsibilities of
the Emperor system were
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certainly the important
factor in wartime atrocities.
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People did in name of the Emperor.
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00:07:02,422 --> 00:07:03,502
Let me spell it out for you.
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00:07:03,652 --> 00:07:06,772
American. American. American.
We are all Americans.
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00:07:06,972 --> 00:07:07,782
You’ve got to help us.
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00:07:07,852 --> 00:07:09,102
We’ve got to get our stories out.
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00:07:09,202 --> 00:07:09,952
Like I told you before,
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00:07:10,052 --> 00:07:12,722
You can get your stories out
when we get back to Shanghai.
92
00:07:12,772 --> 00:07:13,952
But that won’t be for another day.
93
00:07:14,152 --> 00:07:16,152
We can still make today’s
deadline if you just help us.
94
00:07:16,872 --> 00:07:19,102
Listen, we might not
ever make it to Shanghai.
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00:07:19,172 --> 00:07:21,322
The Jap may make another
mistake and boob us too.
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00:07:21,402 --> 00:07:22,972
Do you know what’s going on back there?
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00:07:23,422 --> 00:07:23,972
Murder.
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By the thousands.
Women, children, civilians.
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00:07:27,502 --> 00:07:29,672
The world has got to know what
the Japs are doing to Nanking.
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00:07:30,172 --> 00:07:30,922
I am sorry, fellas.
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00:07:31,022 --> 00:07:34,672
But it’s against the US Navy regulations
to let civilians use the radio.
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00:07:36,002 --> 00:07:37,852
Come on.
We’re never going to get this guy to budge.
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00:07:39,172 --> 00:07:40,672
Yeah, right behind you.
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00:07:43,022 --> 00:07:46,372
Steele is still determined
to get his story out.
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Where are you from?
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00:07:56,572 --> 00:07:57,622
Davenport, Iowa.
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00:07:58,802 --> 00:08:01,722
What do you know? I am from Chicago.
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00:08:02,902 --> 00:08:04,402
It’s practically the same thing.
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00:08:06,172 --> 00:08:09,002
You and me, we’ve got to stick together.
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00:08:22,122 --> 00:08:26,372
Nanking, China. December 15, 1937.
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00:08:27,152 --> 00:08:30,922
“Four days in hell” would
be the most fitting way
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00:08:30,934 --> 00:08:33,552
to describe the siege
and capture of Nanking.
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00:08:34,352 --> 00:08:38,381
The last thing we saw as
we left the city was a
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00:08:38,393 --> 00:08:41,472
band of 300 Chinese being
methodically executed.
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before the wall, near the Waterfront,
where already corpses were piled knee deep.
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00:08:48,452 --> 00:08:52,472
Archibald Steele is one of the last
foreign journalists to leave Nanking.
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It was a characteristic picture
of the mad of Nanking scene.
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00:08:59,072 --> 00:09:04,302
But the story of the fall of Nanking and
its brutal aftermath begins weeks earlier.
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00:09:10,172 --> 00:09:14,002
After a bloody battle to take
the financial Hub of Shanghai,
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00:09:14,402 --> 00:09:18,842
Japanese troops begin a forced March
along the Yangtze River to Nanking.
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00:09:19,372 --> 00:09:20,322
The goal,
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00:09:20,522 --> 00:09:22,852
Break the backbone of Chinese resistance.
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00:09:23,372 --> 00:09:24,622
Nanking was capital.
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00:09:24,852 --> 00:09:26,872
Once you occupy the capital,
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00:09:27,202 --> 00:09:30,652
That means you are declaring your victory.
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00:09:31,752 --> 00:09:36,016
One could say that the march
towards Nanking from Shanghai
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was the series of massacres.
In many different locations.
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It could be somewhere compared to the army
that faces guerrilla warfare in other wars.
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Nanking is now under siege.
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00:09:49,272 --> 00:09:54,615
The Japanese commanders
allowed their soldiers to
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00:09:54,627 --> 00:09:58,582
rape, kill, loot,
torture and act with impunity.
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00:09:58,822 --> 00:10:00,622
So, when they got to Nanking,
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00:10:00,902 --> 00:10:03,865
It was already understood
by the soldiers that
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00:10:03,877 --> 00:10:06,132
they would be allowed to
do whatever they want.
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00:10:19,002 --> 00:10:20,252
Dr. Wilson.
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00:10:20,702 --> 00:10:21,902
[Should we stop?]
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00:10:22,122 --> 00:10:22,872
Is anyone hurt?
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00:10:23,022 --> 00:10:23,652
No. Sir.
139
00:10:24,072 --> 00:10:25,522
Then stopping is not an option.
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00:10:26,722 --> 00:10:28,672
This will be the fastest
eye surgery in history.
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00:10:30,552 --> 00:10:32,072
Ah, there you are.
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00:10:32,552 --> 00:10:37,272
Robert Wilson is one of the younger
members of The Foreigner Community.
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00:10:37,502 --> 00:10:39,272
Given born in China.
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00:10:39,272 --> 00:10:43,272
His parents sent him back to the United
States Princeton Harvard Medical School,
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00:10:43,402 --> 00:10:46,322
So, you can almost think about
him as a doctor without Borders.
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00:10:50,302 --> 00:10:51,002
[Come on in]
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00:10:55,322 --> 00:10:56,272
Dr. Zhang.
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00:10:57,022 --> 00:10:58,202
What is it?
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00:10:58,252 --> 00:10:59,002
Dr. Wilson.
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00:10:59,272 --> 00:11:00,552
We feel we must leave Nanking.
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00:11:00,602 --> 00:11:04,592
With the capital of China, Nanking,
nearly surrounded by Japanese troops,
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00:11:04,852 --> 00:11:08,251
Doctor Robert Wilson learns
that many of the Chinese
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00:11:08,263 --> 00:11:11,072
doctors and staff at his
Hospital are leaving the city.
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00:11:11,422 --> 00:11:12,102
I am staying.
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00:11:14,302 --> 00:11:15,122
Dr. Liu.
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00:11:15,422 --> 00:11:17,002
Aren’t you afraid of your personal safety?
157
00:11:17,322 --> 00:11:18,072
Naturally.
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00:11:18,772 --> 00:11:20,352
But it is my duty to stay and help.
159
00:11:20,872 --> 00:11:23,802
By staying behind in the Fallen City.
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00:11:24,002 --> 00:11:25,402
It's risk itself.
161
00:11:26,102 --> 00:11:30,090
So, I think those Chinese
individuals, doctors, nurses
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00:11:30,102 --> 00:11:32,902
who stayed behind were
certainly very courageous.
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00:11:33,952 --> 00:11:37,902
Dr. Wilson is now the only
surgent left in Nanking.
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00:11:57,262 --> 00:12:00,432
My little shrapnel and bullets
collection are increasing daily.
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00:12:03,282 --> 00:12:05,882
I’ll be able to open a respectable
museum by the end of the war.
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00:12:10,082 --> 00:12:14,365
The letter of diary in the
American missionary like Dr. Wilson
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00:12:14,377 --> 00:12:18,232
provided real-time eyewitness accounts
of what takes place in Nanking.
168
00:12:23,212 --> 00:12:25,382
The situation is far worse than I thought.
169
00:12:25,662 --> 00:12:28,487
From what I’ve heard,
the Japanese are mad as Hornets
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00:12:28,499 --> 00:12:30,432
after the fight the
Chinese put up in Shanghai.
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00:12:30,912 --> 00:12:33,132
They’re looting and burning their way here.
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00:12:34,332 --> 00:12:38,432
I think we can all agree that it is
inevitable, the Japanese will take Nanking.
173
00:12:39,282 --> 00:12:41,112
Perhaps, after they do,
things will calm down a bit.
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00:12:41,462 --> 00:12:42,832
We may hope so, Dr. Wilson.
175
00:12:43,032 --> 00:12:46,549
But the wounded Chinese
soldiers at the train station
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00:12:46,561 --> 00:12:48,812
don’t hold out much
hope for Japanese mercy.
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00:12:51,162 --> 00:12:52,362
The point is…
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00:12:52,862 --> 00:12:54,162
If I may say so…
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00:12:54,612 --> 00:12:59,332
The point is we must limit any violence
and protect the Chinese population.
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00:12:59,412 --> 00:13:01,012
I think we can all agree with that.
181
00:13:02,182 --> 00:13:04,012
We’ll need everyone pulling together.
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00:13:05,732 --> 00:13:07,112
Let’s take a look here.
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00:13:08,512 --> 00:13:11,836
15 of the remaining foreigners
form an international
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00:13:11,848 --> 00:13:13,762
committee to establish
the safety zone.
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00:13:13,832 --> 00:13:17,362
They will protect Chinese civilians
from the invading Japanese.
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00:13:18,082 --> 00:13:21,860
It will be an area less
than 2 square miles in
187
00:13:21,872 --> 00:13:25,112
compassing college campuses,
embassies and hospitals.
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00:13:25,212 --> 00:13:28,582
And eventually housing
more than 20 refugee camps.
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00:13:29,462 --> 00:13:34,200
The missionary, educators,
the doctors who stayed behind chose
190
00:13:34,212 --> 00:13:37,562
to stay and not to bear
witness to history but to help.
191
00:13:37,962 --> 00:13:41,582
It is essential that no Chinese Army
troops are to enter the safety zone.
192
00:13:41,712 --> 00:13:44,782
If they do, it just gives the
Japanese an excuse to violate it.
193
00:13:44,932 --> 00:13:47,512
But we're going to have to make
the Japanese keep the same promise.
194
00:13:47,762 --> 00:13:51,012
No military personnel in the safety area.
195
00:13:51,482 --> 00:13:56,932
The committee selects George Fitch, Head of
the YMCA, as its administrative director.
196
00:13:57,312 --> 00:14:00,762
And the German businessman
John Rabe as chairman.
197
00:14:01,382 --> 00:14:04,232
Germany was already a friend of Japan.
198
00:14:04,312 --> 00:14:09,323
And they thought that having a German
who happened to be a Nazi party
199
00:14:09,335 --> 00:14:13,412
member would carry more clout with
the Japanese military authorities.
200
00:14:13,582 --> 00:14:15,882
Mr. Rabe is proving himself
to be quite the humanitarian.
201
00:14:16,032 --> 00:14:19,212
Although I will never understand
his affection for Der Fuhrer.
202
00:14:20,232 --> 00:14:23,932
When the international committee
set up the refugees Zone,
203
00:14:24,132 --> 00:14:28,212
The agreement was that there would
be no Chinese soldiers allowed in it,
204
00:14:28,332 --> 00:14:33,432
And that was the only chance there was
that the Japanese would respect that area.
205
00:14:33,932 --> 00:14:36,232
The international Committee is
doing a splendid piece of work.
206
00:14:36,832 --> 00:14:39,242
But the outcome is a
matter of grave concern.
207
00:14:40,462 --> 00:14:44,552
The Japanese have definitely stated
they will not recognize the safety zone.
208
00:14:55,395 --> 00:14:56,415
[Please come in]
209
00:14:56,465 --> 00:14:57,215
[Welcome]
210
00:15:01,324 --> 00:15:06,631
Minnie Vautrin was born in Illinois
in 1886, and she found herself in
211
00:15:06,643 --> 00:15:11,024
the head of one of the best women's
colleges in Nanjing Jalen College.
212
00:15:11,474 --> 00:15:13,924
I told the committee we
could only take 3,000.
213
00:15:14,074 --> 00:15:16,504
It looks like we may have to double that.
214
00:15:16,624 --> 00:15:18,224
We will use the hallway.
215
00:15:18,274 --> 00:15:19,424
Even outside.
216
00:15:20,074 --> 00:15:21,924
We will put them somewhere, Miss Hua.
217
00:15:25,454 --> 00:15:30,154
She felt a responsibility for the
women and girls I had already heard of
218
00:15:30,166 --> 00:15:34,074
the reports of Japanese troops Behavior
as they were approaching Nanjing.
219
00:15:36,304 --> 00:15:39,294
The ambassy people have
now asked us to leave
220
00:15:39,306 --> 00:15:41,324
very politely on two
different occasions.
221
00:15:42,224 --> 00:15:44,924
I personally feel that I can’t leave.
222
00:15:45,654 --> 00:15:48,774
Men are not asked to desert
their ships when in danger.
223
00:15:49,574 --> 00:15:52,574
And women are not asked
to leave their children.
224
00:15:53,374 --> 00:15:56,354
The missionaries consider
themselves part of the community.
225
00:15:56,404 --> 00:16:00,668
They felt such a responsibility
to the people whom
226
00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:03,854
they have relationships,
and they wanted to stay.
227
00:16:11,074 --> 00:16:13,724
[What’s wrong, Mr. Chen?]
228
00:16:14,154 --> 00:16:15,024
[It is happening!]
229
00:16:15,604 --> 00:16:18,604
[The Chinese army is leaving the city]
230
00:16:18,754 --> 00:16:19,574
[Everyone is running]
231
00:16:19,574 --> 00:16:20,474
[Soldiers are throwing away their guns]
232
00:16:20,624 --> 00:16:22,624
[Some drown trying to cross the river]
233
00:16:22,804 --> 00:16:23,874
[Fires everywhere!]
234
00:16:24,854 --> 00:16:27,054
[They say the Japanese]
235
00:16:27,074 --> 00:16:28,574
[Will enter Nanking tomorrow]
236
00:16:56,924 --> 00:17:00,504
Nanking falls on December 13, 1937.
237
00:17:02,074 --> 00:17:05,474
Japanese troops immediately
began their rampaging of terror.
238
00:17:11,754 --> 00:17:15,774
American Missionary John Magee
starts to film what he sees.
239
00:17:16,824 --> 00:17:20,326
He uses his 16mm Bell &
Howell camera the church
240
00:17:20,338 --> 00:17:22,754
sent to him to record
charitable activities.
241
00:17:24,554 --> 00:17:28,204
John Magee was an Episcopal Minister,
who had been born in Pittsburg.
242
00:17:28,354 --> 00:17:29,804
He had gone to Yale Divinity School.
243
00:17:29,854 --> 00:17:32,254
The Board of Foreign
Missions sent him to China.
244
00:17:33,204 --> 00:17:36,074
The film footage of John
Magee is indispensable.
245
00:17:36,154 --> 00:17:39,354
Not only did he film
inside the refugee camps.
246
00:17:39,354 --> 00:17:41,824
He filmed outside at great peril.
247
00:17:45,174 --> 00:17:48,824
If John Magee were caught
filming by a Japanese Officer,
248
00:17:49,774 --> 00:17:51,754
the chances are he would
have been beheaded.
249
00:17:51,854 --> 00:17:54,954
And he would have been left there and
the Japanese would have taken his camera.
250
00:17:55,454 --> 00:17:58,374
In the chaos when the city fell,
251
00:17:58,724 --> 00:18:02,902
Some Chinese soldiers put
down their uniform and mingled
252
00:18:02,914 --> 00:18:05,824
into the civilian population
in the safety zone.
253
00:18:05,924 --> 00:18:11,024
The Japanese military used this
pretext to cast a very wide net.
254
00:18:15,824 --> 00:18:16,774
Something is happening.
255
00:18:24,504 --> 00:18:25,654
[Where are the Chinese soldiers?]
256
00:18:27,954 --> 00:18:29,124
[We know you are here!]
257
00:18:45,024 --> 00:18:45,774
Wait!
258
00:18:46,254 --> 00:18:48,004
Who is in command here? Who is in charge?
259
00:18:49,704 --> 00:18:50,854
I am in command.
260
00:18:51,574 --> 00:18:52,874
You speak English. Terrific.
261
00:18:53,124 --> 00:18:55,974
This is an American University.
American property.
262
00:18:57,124 --> 00:18:58,254
You saw the flag?
263
00:18:59,074 --> 00:19:01,704
This is also inside the
international safety zone.
264
00:19:01,924 --> 00:19:03,524
I know Chinese Soldiers are here.
265
00:19:03,924 --> 00:19:07,224
I can assure you that any men
here are completely harmless.
266
00:19:08,424 --> 00:19:09,374
Civilians.
267
00:19:09,674 --> 00:19:10,624
We will see.
268
00:19:14,904 --> 00:19:16,604
[I know Chinese soldiers are hiding here.]
269
00:19:17,804 --> 00:19:20,004
[I will give you one minute.]
270
00:19:21,204 --> 00:19:22,574
[If you stand up and surrender,]
271
00:19:22,874 --> 00:19:24,104
[I will not kill you.]
272
00:19:24,474 --> 00:19:25,674
[If you don’t,]
273
00:19:26,674 --> 00:19:28,274
[I will kill you all!]
274
00:19:29,174 --> 00:19:29,974
[One minute!]
275
00:19:50,474 --> 00:19:52,424
[Hurry, take them all.]
276
00:20:04,204 --> 00:20:04,974
Wait!
277
00:20:05,304 --> 00:20:06,104
Wait!!
278
00:20:13,604 --> 00:20:16,274
These are not soldiers. They work here.
279
00:20:16,574 --> 00:20:19,454
This one is 60 years old. No Soldier.
280
00:20:19,724 --> 00:20:21,254
We will decide. Get back!
281
00:20:39,454 --> 00:20:42,154
Based on eyewitness accounts,
282
00:20:42,204 --> 00:20:46,574
We know that many of the
civilians were taken away,
283
00:20:46,704 --> 00:20:50,424
Were later executed by
the Japanese military.
284
00:20:53,754 --> 00:20:57,724
Young men were tied up with
wire and led to the river.
285
00:20:58,924 --> 00:21:00,724
Lined up and shot
286
00:21:02,304 --> 00:21:04,874
And the river would be full of corpses
287
00:21:05,324 --> 00:21:12,524
It was quite widespread to use POW’s
as bayonet practice for new solders.
288
00:21:13,724 --> 00:21:19,074
To kill a human being is a big
psychological threshold to cross.
289
00:21:19,524 --> 00:21:26,554
And we see that Japanese Officers did use
such practice to “stiffen” their soldiers,
290
00:21:26,654 --> 00:21:27,324
so to speak.
291
00:21:32,954 --> 00:21:35,374
Soon after the Japanese enter the city
292
00:21:35,524 --> 00:21:38,104
an eight-year-old girl
leads Magee to her home.
293
00:21:41,904 --> 00:21:45,804
[Is this where it happened?]
294
00:21:47,474 --> 00:21:49,904
[At 9 or 10 in the morning]
295
00:21:50,904 --> 00:21:56,204
[Japanese soldiers broke into our house]
296
00:21:57,004 --> 00:21:59,024
[My dad opened the gate]
297
00:22:00,074 --> 00:22:02,304
[He took a few steps]
298
00:22:03,474 --> 00:22:06,904
[The Japanese caught him
and shot him to death]
299
00:22:09,124 --> 00:22:10,104
Good lord.
300
00:22:15,124 --> 00:22:20,254
The neighbors have taken the bodies of Xia
Shuqin’s family and other victims outside.
301
00:22:20,474 --> 00:22:24,054
Shuqin’s mother and sister
are raped before being murder.
302
00:22:24,974 --> 00:22:28,354
In all, 7 of her family members
are killed in front of her.
303
00:22:29,024 --> 00:22:30,574
She, herself, is bayonetted.
304
00:22:30,954 --> 00:22:32,124
But survives.
305
00:22:33,524 --> 00:22:35,524
[You tell me to remember but not cry]
306
00:22:35,724 --> 00:22:37,174
[How can I not cry?]
307
00:22:38,154 --> 00:22:39,874
[7 of my family died]
308
00:22:39,954 --> 00:22:41,074
[Not just 1 person]
309
00:22:43,004 --> 00:22:46,754
The horror of the last week is beyond
anything I have ever experienced.
310
00:22:47,224 --> 00:22:50,874
I never dreamed that the Japanese
soldiers were such savages.
311
00:22:51,874 --> 00:22:53,924
It has been a week of murder and rape.
312
00:22:54,524 --> 00:22:57,424
They not only killed every
prisoner they could find,
313
00:22:57,804 --> 00:23:01,354
But also, a vast number of
ordinary citizens of all ages.
314
00:23:02,624 --> 00:23:06,504
Many of them were shot down like the
hunting of rabbits in the streets.
315
00:23:07,324 --> 00:23:09,824
There are dead bodies all over the city.
316
00:23:11,574 --> 00:23:15,104
But the most horrible thing
now is the raping of the women.
317
00:23:15,974 --> 00:23:19,974
Which has been going on in the most
shameless way that I have ever known.
318
00:23:21,254 --> 00:23:23,774
The streets are full of
men searching for women.
319
00:23:27,004 --> 00:23:29,154
Within days of the occupation.
320
00:23:29,324 --> 00:23:32,341
Thousands of Nanking
surviving citizens seek
321
00:23:32,353 --> 00:23:34,474
refuge in the
international safety zone.
322
00:23:36,624 --> 00:23:40,004
I am sorry, only women under
50 years old and girls.
323
00:23:40,204 --> 00:23:43,154
I am so sorry. Please tell them, Mrs. Tsen.
324
00:23:43,474 --> 00:23:44,674
[We have no choice.]
325
00:23:44,804 --> 00:23:47,234
[I am so sorry]
326
00:23:48,574 --> 00:23:52,274
Never shall I forget the faces of the
younger girls as they streamed in.
327
00:23:53,074 --> 00:23:56,804
Most of them were parting from their
fathers or husbands at the gate.
328
00:23:59,454 --> 00:24:02,824
The had disguised themselves
in every way possible.
329
00:24:03,654 --> 00:24:05,704
Many had cut their hair
330
00:24:06,404 --> 00:24:08,874
most of them had blackened their faces.
331
00:24:16,904 --> 00:24:17,954
[Don’t worry]
332
00:24:18,004 --> 00:24:19,274
[We will take care of them]
333
00:24:19,374 --> 00:24:20,854
We will protect them.
334
00:24:21,054 --> 00:24:22,074
[I promise]
335
00:25:02,824 --> 00:25:04,774
The night of December 17
336
00:25:05,524 --> 00:25:11,074
none of us shall ever forget for it is
burned in our memories by suffering.
337
00:25:24,754 --> 00:25:26,924
This is an American school.
338
00:25:27,074 --> 00:25:28,104
American school!
339
00:25:35,324 --> 00:25:38,254
They refused to believe me when
I said there were no soldiers.
340
00:25:38,304 --> 00:25:40,574
Only women and children.
341
00:25:41,304 --> 00:25:42,054
[Help me]
342
00:25:42,304 --> 00:25:43,274
[Help me]
343
00:25:45,354 --> 00:25:49,774
They made us feel like they
were searching for soldiers.
344
00:25:52,124 --> 00:25:53,174
But as a matter of fact
345
00:25:53,224 --> 00:25:56,974
they were searching for
young women and girls.
346
00:25:59,404 --> 00:26:02,874
Never shall I forget that scene.
347
00:26:05,054 --> 00:26:06,274
The people kneeing
348
00:26:07,074 --> 00:26:09,054
Mrs. Tsen and I standing.
349
00:26:10,804 --> 00:26:12,724
The rattling of the leaves
350
00:26:13,304 --> 00:26:14,954
the moaning if the wind.
351
00:26:16,374 --> 00:26:18,754
The cry of the women being led out.
352
00:26:34,124 --> 00:26:39,317
The rape of Nanking is known
by the name rape because of the
353
00:26:39,329 --> 00:26:44,124
astonishing numbers of public rapes
the Japanese Soldiers perpetuated.
354
00:26:44,274 --> 00:26:45,724
It’s in the missionary diaries.
355
00:26:45,874 --> 00:26:49,346
The Japanese soldiers are climbing
into the refugee camps to rape
356
00:26:49,358 --> 00:26:52,024
in front of the missionaries
that are trying to protect them.
357
00:26:52,174 --> 00:26:54,954
The rapes of sisters, mothers, children….
358
00:26:55,154 --> 00:26:59,364
Repeated rapes until the
child and mother was dead.
359
00:26:59,374 --> 00:27:02,154
Is why this massacre bears the name.
360
00:27:02,774 --> 00:27:07,004
I think now that I may
have saved those girls.
361
00:27:07,124 --> 00:27:12,874
But at the time, it did not seem possible.
362
00:27:13,174 --> 00:27:14,354
[Help me]
363
00:27:14,924 --> 00:27:16,504
[Help me]
364
00:27:16,954 --> 00:27:22,279
These foreigners by standing
between the Japanese and the
365
00:27:22,291 --> 00:27:26,824
potential Chinese victims did
put themselves into harm’s way.
366
00:27:27,474 --> 00:27:31,139
This is the situation
when people like Minnie
367
00:27:31,151 --> 00:27:34,104
Vautrin were threatened
by the Japanese soldiers.
368
00:27:44,404 --> 00:27:48,074
This girl,
she decided to resist her rapist.
369
00:27:49,954 --> 00:27:51,174
You can see what it got her.
370
00:27:52,654 --> 00:27:54,274
More than 20 bayonet wounds.
371
00:27:56,204 --> 00:27:57,724
She is luckier than most.
372
00:27:58,774 --> 00:28:00,204
She will survive.
373
00:28:01,204 --> 00:28:05,424
The Japanese Troops would just slice
open people and leave them to die,
374
00:28:05,554 --> 00:28:10,774
And so, Robert Wilson for example did a lot
of surgery and he did a lot of sewing up.
375
00:28:10,774 --> 00:28:15,924
And these events can be corroborated by
the film footage that John Magee took.
376
00:28:24,004 --> 00:28:26,024
When did you last get some sleep, Bob?
377
00:28:26,804 --> 00:28:28,524
Maybe 20 hours ago.
378
00:28:30,924 --> 00:28:32,504
I try to catch a nap here and there.
379
00:28:32,904 --> 00:28:37,074
When the Japanese don’t come looking
for women or something to steal.
380
00:28:39,724 --> 00:28:41,654
I used to try to be polite
when I threw them out.
381
00:28:41,824 --> 00:28:45,624
But now I just give them the same
cold fishy stare that they give me.
382
00:28:51,504 --> 00:28:54,274
What good does it do the filming
that if no one ever sees it?
383
00:28:54,474 --> 00:28:58,354
I think there were at least one
hundred Chinese on staff there.
384
00:28:58,354 --> 00:29:00,124
Nurses and technicians and so forth,
385
00:29:00,204 --> 00:29:04,542
But he was the only qualified
surgeon left in the city
386
00:29:04,554 --> 00:29:07,724
and so he was just absolutely
overwhelmed by work.
387
00:29:15,254 --> 00:29:16,654
[Japanese soldiers are here!]
388
00:29:16,704 --> 00:29:17,504
[Where?]
389
00:29:17,774 --> 00:29:18,754
[Nurse dormitory.]
390
00:29:28,374 --> 00:29:29,154
Stop it!
391
00:29:29,904 --> 00:29:31,804
What do you think you are doing? Stop it!
392
00:29:31,954 --> 00:29:35,774
[Mind your own business or
I will kill you, American.]
393
00:29:36,204 --> 00:29:38,024
[I am an imperial soldier.]
394
00:29:38,524 --> 00:29:41,804
This is a hospital.
You have no business here. Get out now.
395
00:29:42,074 --> 00:29:45,604
[Chinese soldier here; we
search Chinese soldier.]
396
00:29:45,854 --> 00:29:47,824
That is not going to work with me, friend.
397
00:29:47,954 --> 00:29:51,474
There are no Chinese soldiers here.
You must leave now. Go.
398
00:29:52,974 --> 00:29:55,074
[I said do not interfere.]
399
00:29:55,574 --> 00:29:57,624
[I will kill you now.]
400
00:30:28,774 --> 00:30:30,854
You may want to ask your friend.
401
00:30:31,354 --> 00:30:33,954
How smart he thinks it is
for you to kill an American.
402
00:30:35,604 --> 00:30:40,074
You may ask him. What punishment
he thinks you might receive.
403
00:30:43,904 --> 00:30:48,724
[If you kill a foreigner,
we will be in trouble.]
404
00:30:49,174 --> 00:30:51,004
[We’ll find girls somewhere else.]
405
00:30:57,854 --> 00:31:01,104
The used the women as sort
of a “comfort.” You know?
406
00:31:01,354 --> 00:31:03,304
And then they killed the women.
407
00:31:05,624 --> 00:31:10,504
They were imperial power.
young! These guys were young!
408
00:31:11,054 --> 00:31:13,354
They no intellectual training.
409
00:31:13,474 --> 00:31:16,704
There were like animals.
They were trained as animalistic.
410
00:31:17,654 --> 00:31:21,424
So, when commander says: “Kill
all of them!” They don’t care.
411
00:31:21,724 --> 00:31:24,154
Men. Women. Children. Burn!
412
00:31:44,254 --> 00:31:46,354
Over half the city is burned.
413
00:31:46,754 --> 00:31:49,654
Huge fires are set in
every business section.
414
00:31:49,824 --> 00:31:52,974
Yesterday before going home for
supply, I counted 12 fires.
415
00:31:54,354 --> 00:31:57,804
If it weren’t for the way the international
Committee had gathered rice beforehand,
416
00:31:57,874 --> 00:32:00,324
And done what it could to
protect the population,
417
00:32:00,504 --> 00:32:02,904
There would already be
a first-class famine.
418
00:32:03,204 --> 00:32:06,374
And the slaughter would have been
considerably greater than it has been.
419
00:32:08,704 --> 00:32:11,804
In total, within the
perimeter of the safety zone.
420
00:32:11,904 --> 00:32:14,304
There were about 250,000 people.
421
00:32:14,604 --> 00:32:16,154
So, it was very packed.
422
00:32:16,354 --> 00:32:20,774
And they increasingly had trouble
getting in enough food or sanitary
423
00:32:20,786 --> 00:32:24,004
conditions for all of these
people within such a small space.
424
00:32:24,624 --> 00:32:27,074
George Fitch, in charge of logistics
425
00:32:27,574 --> 00:32:29,104
struggles to make it all work.
426
00:32:29,204 --> 00:32:32,574
George Fitch was an
established member of the YMCA.
427
00:32:32,574 --> 00:32:34,204
He was an established Missionary.
428
00:32:34,254 --> 00:32:37,324
He had been born in China in the 1880s.
429
00:32:37,524 --> 00:32:40,565
He like other missionary
kids had been sent to the
430
00:32:40,577 --> 00:32:42,704
United States for College
and Divinity School.
431
00:32:45,874 --> 00:32:48,474
He was right smack in the middle of it all,
432
00:32:48,504 --> 00:32:52,704
And I think they never knew when one of the
soldiers when turn on them more violently.
433
00:32:53,704 --> 00:32:55,974
Complete anarchy has reigned for 10 days.
434
00:32:57,124 --> 00:32:58,374
It has been hell on earth.
435
00:32:58,854 --> 00:33:01,942
To have to stand by and watch
while even the very poor
436
00:33:01,954 --> 00:33:04,124
are having their last
possession taken from them.
437
00:33:04,574 --> 00:33:08,454
While thousands of disarmed soldiers
who had sought sanctuary with you,
438
00:33:08,954 --> 00:33:12,474
Together with many hundreds of innocent
civilians are taken out before your eyes.
439
00:33:12,554 --> 00:33:14,774
And shot or used for bayonet practice.
440
00:33:16,974 --> 00:33:20,854
And to stand by and do nothing while
your flag is taken down and insulted.
441
00:33:20,924 --> 00:33:22,574
Not once but a dozen times.
442
00:33:26,504 --> 00:33:28,924
And then to watch the city
that you’ve come to love.
443
00:33:30,124 --> 00:33:33,004
Deliberately and
systematically burned by fires.
444
00:33:36,754 --> 00:33:38,854
This is a hell I could
never before have envisaged.
445
00:33:43,604 --> 00:33:47,254
Every day we call at the Japanese
embassy and present our protests.
446
00:33:47,354 --> 00:33:51,004
Our appeals, our authenticated
reports of violence and crime.
447
00:33:52,904 --> 00:33:55,874
Mr. Fukuda, you can’t honestly pretend
that you don’t know what’s going on.
448
00:33:56,274 --> 00:33:59,671
We have written to you virtually
every day documenting the
449
00:33:59,683 --> 00:34:02,124
crime and mayhem perpetrated
by your imperial troops.
450
00:34:03,074 --> 00:34:05,568
You have in your hand a
letter of pretest signed
451
00:34:05,580 --> 00:34:07,224
by all 22 remaining
foreigners in Nanking.
452
00:34:10,274 --> 00:34:13,304
We are met with suave Japanese courtesy
453
00:34:13,374 --> 00:34:15,454
but actually the officials
there are powerless.
454
00:34:16,624 --> 00:34:18,754
This is a military matter.
455
00:34:18,974 --> 00:34:21,324
The army is in charge of this.
456
00:34:22,054 --> 00:34:24,624
So, you have no influence
over your military.
457
00:34:24,924 --> 00:34:26,804
They just do what they want.
458
00:34:27,424 --> 00:34:30,904
You had the opportunity to show the world
the honor of the imperial Japanese army.
459
00:34:32,304 --> 00:34:34,904
Yet, you’ve just demonstrated
the exact opposite.
460
00:34:38,054 --> 00:34:39,574
We’ve been branded as a load of liars.
461
00:34:41,254 --> 00:34:44,624
The Japanese embassy people tell people
that everything we say is imagination.
462
00:34:47,204 --> 00:34:49,524
That might be a lot truer
if I were not a surgeon.
463
00:34:50,154 --> 00:34:52,574
And have to patch up the
results of their excesses.
464
00:34:54,374 --> 00:34:56,874
By the end of December 1937,
465
00:34:57,074 --> 00:35:01,424
The Japanese order all civilians to
register for “good citizens papers.”
466
00:35:02,154 --> 00:35:04,454
By late January 1938,
467
00:35:04,504 --> 00:35:08,654
they force all Chinese to leave the
safety zone and return to their homes.
468
00:35:09,124 --> 00:35:11,304
The zone is officially closed.
469
00:35:11,324 --> 00:35:12,904
But the killing continues.
470
00:35:14,104 --> 00:35:16,504
We need to find a better
way to get the word out.
471
00:35:17,124 --> 00:35:19,554
The world needs to know
what Japan has done here.
472
00:35:19,624 --> 00:35:21,904
People will only believe it if
they see it with their own eyes.
473
00:35:22,724 --> 00:35:25,828
Many International Committee
members circulate letters
474
00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:28,154
in the United States to
bring attention to Nanking.
475
00:35:29,054 --> 00:35:32,854
But so far, nothing is being
done to stop the Japanese.
476
00:35:34,724 --> 00:35:37,754
We need to get Father Magee’s film
out of here and back to the West.
477
00:35:37,904 --> 00:35:40,324
How? None of us can get
permission to leave.
478
00:35:40,404 --> 00:35:42,124
And the risk of carrying
the films alone is just…
479
00:35:42,304 --> 00:35:45,624
I can’t even get the films developed.
It’s too dangerous.
480
00:35:46,054 --> 00:35:49,385
These Missionaries primarily
were not allowed out of the
481
00:35:49,397 --> 00:35:51,904
city at this point because
they really knew too much.
482
00:35:51,974 --> 00:35:55,280
The Japanese would not
be keen on letting them
483
00:35:55,292 --> 00:35:57,754
go out and talk about
what they had witnessed.
484
00:35:58,674 --> 00:36:00,674
Bring the negatives to my place next week.
485
00:36:01,524 --> 00:36:03,474
I might have a way.
486
00:36:26,474 --> 00:36:28,554
You really think they won’t search you?
487
00:36:28,724 --> 00:36:30,974
They may check my luggage, but not me.
488
00:36:31,124 --> 00:36:32,554
I’ve got a special permit now.
489
00:36:33,554 --> 00:36:38,054
George Fitch finds a way to smuggle the
evidence of the massacre out of Nanking.
490
00:36:38,374 --> 00:36:42,474
By sewing Father Magee’s films
into the lining of his overcoat.
491
00:36:44,604 --> 00:36:46,974
In order to be allowed to leave Nanking,
492
00:36:47,304 --> 00:36:50,665
Fitch arranges to receive
a telegram from a colleague
493
00:36:50,677 --> 00:36:53,024
in Shanghai saying he is
urgently needed there.
494
00:36:53,404 --> 00:36:54,774
It works!
495
00:36:56,204 --> 00:36:58,574
No one could protect the Missionaries.
496
00:36:58,674 --> 00:37:02,124
These people are aware of the
risks they are personally facing.
497
00:37:02,224 --> 00:37:03,774
What kind of train are you getting?
498
00:37:05,224 --> 00:37:06,824
It’s a Japanese troop train, actually.
499
00:37:10,104 --> 00:37:11,024
I’ll pray for you.
500
00:37:12,154 --> 00:37:13,254
I’ll need it.
501
00:37:28,074 --> 00:37:32,504
On January 18, 1938 at 06:40 am,
502
00:37:33,724 --> 00:37:38,404
George Fitch, Director of the International
Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone.
503
00:37:38,574 --> 00:37:42,424
Attempts to board a Japanese
Troop Train bound for Shanghai.
504
00:37:44,324 --> 00:37:45,074
[You]
505
00:37:45,474 --> 00:37:46,854
[Your papers]
506
00:38:13,074 --> 00:38:16,168
I was crowded in with about
as unsavory a crowd of
507
00:38:16,180 --> 00:38:18,674
soldiers as one could imagine
in a third-class coach.
508
00:38:22,474 --> 00:38:26,496
A bit nervous because sewed into
lining of my coat were eight
509
00:38:26,508 --> 00:38:29,704
reels of 16-millimeter negatives
move film of atrocity cases.
510
00:38:32,774 --> 00:38:35,289
My baggage would
undoubtedly be carefully
511
00:38:35,301 --> 00:38:37,474
examined by the military
when we got to Shanghai.
512
00:38:37,604 --> 00:38:38,504
[Stop]
513
00:38:38,624 --> 00:38:39,804
[Open your bag]
514
00:38:44,704 --> 00:38:46,824
What might happen if they
discovered these films?
515
00:38:51,024 --> 00:38:53,124
Fortunately, they weren’t discovered.
516
00:38:53,774 --> 00:38:55,624
And as soon as I could after my arrival
517
00:38:55,974 --> 00:38:57,574
I took them to the Kodak
office for processing.
518
00:38:58,804 --> 00:39:01,024
They were so terrible that they
had to be seen to be believed.
519
00:39:01,804 --> 00:39:06,704
George Fitch is aware that the world
Community needed to hear this story
520
00:39:06,974 --> 00:39:10,474
and he swirled out of China
with Magee’s film footage
521
00:39:10,654 --> 00:39:14,954
and went on the lecture tour in
the United States throughout 1938.
522
00:39:15,474 --> 00:39:22,094
He showed the films to the senators, to
army officials, and churches and so forth.
523
00:39:22,104 --> 00:39:24,204
and tried to publicize
what was happening there.
524
00:39:27,454 --> 00:39:31,024
I think it probably did have an effect
on public opinion in the United States.
525
00:39:31,724 --> 00:39:37,774
The Japanese were seen as “The Wicked
Enemy” before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
526
00:39:39,324 --> 00:39:42,324
In Nanking, the violence begins to subside.
527
00:39:43,474 --> 00:39:45,924
It stopped because there really
wasn't anybody else to kill.
528
00:39:46,004 --> 00:39:47,524
There wasn't anything else to steal.
529
00:39:47,704 --> 00:39:50,054
There wasn't anything else to burn down.
530
00:39:51,654 --> 00:39:55,624
Many of the missionaries stayed in
Nanking through the worst of the atrocity.
531
00:39:57,024 --> 00:39:58,254
But the paid the price.
532
00:39:59,354 --> 00:40:02,004
The events are growing dim.
533
00:40:02,974 --> 00:40:07,374
But there are a certain of them that a
lifetime will not erase from my memory.
534
00:40:07,804 --> 00:40:10,404
Minnie Vautrin is not the only one hunted.
535
00:40:11,774 --> 00:40:15,704
I have visited Japan a number of times.
It is a beautiful country.
536
00:40:16,774 --> 00:40:21,854
How to reconcile the Japan that I have seen
and the savagery that I have seen here.
537
00:40:22,274 --> 00:40:24,904
Is a problem that I have not solved yet.
538
00:40:26,604 --> 00:40:30,024
George Fitch would sometimes
had amnesia or blank
539
00:40:30,036 --> 00:40:32,254
out when he was trying
to give his speech.
540
00:40:32,454 --> 00:40:37,174
Some people have attributed this to
the trauma that he experienced there.
541
00:40:38,124 --> 00:40:44,654
Dr. Robert Wilson exhausted and suffering
from seizures return to the US in 1940.
542
00:40:45,174 --> 00:40:46,504
But there is no time to rest.
543
00:40:47,404 --> 00:40:50,404
He joins an Army Medical
unit and ships out again.
544
00:40:51,174 --> 00:40:56,593
After World War II, Dr. Wilson, George
Fitch, and Father John Magee all play
545
00:40:56,605 --> 00:41:00,974
key roles in bringing the perpetrators
of the Nanking massacre to Justice,
546
00:41:01,174 --> 00:41:03,874
By providing testimony
to war crimes tribunals.
547
00:41:05,024 --> 00:41:08,178
The international Military
Tribunal for the Far East
548
00:41:08,190 --> 00:41:10,704
puts the number of deaths
to the hand of the Japanese.
549
00:41:11,074 --> 00:41:12,524
It’s over 200,000.
550
00:41:13,324 --> 00:41:17,704
The Nanking war crimes tribunal
puts the number of 300,000 or more.
551
00:41:18,054 --> 00:41:20,854
In the first month of Japan's
occupation of Nanking,
552
00:41:20,954 --> 00:41:24,174
The number of rapes is
officially estimated it 20,000.
553
00:41:24,524 --> 00:41:30,754
Ultimately, 5 Japanese Military Officers
and 1 civilian official are put to death.
554
00:41:31,404 --> 00:41:36,210
In 2014, China confirmed
December 13th as the National
555
00:41:36,222 --> 00:41:39,594
Memorial Day for victims
of the Nanking massacre.
556
00:41:44,274 --> 00:41:49,554
In 1940 after standing in Nanking
through the worst days of the occupation,
557
00:41:49,774 --> 00:41:52,274
Minnie Vautrin suffers from depression.
558
00:41:52,954 --> 00:41:55,604
Her church sends her to
Indianapolis Indiana.
559
00:41:56,974 --> 00:42:00,954
Several times, the Japanese soldier
threatened her life, threatened to rape her
560
00:42:01,124 --> 00:42:05,024
And she stood up to them; especially,
when the soldiers came into the compound,
561
00:42:05,074 --> 00:42:07,474
And were attacking people under her care.
562
00:42:07,474 --> 00:42:10,824
She made an extra effort
to protect women and girls.
563
00:42:12,704 --> 00:42:13,724
Dear friends,
564
00:42:15,424 --> 00:42:19,077
This process of mental
deterioration has evidently
565
00:42:19,089 --> 00:42:21,754
been going on for years
without my realizing it.
566
00:42:22,804 --> 00:42:23,874
[Help me]
567
00:42:25,354 --> 00:42:26,504
[Help me]
568
00:42:39,474 --> 00:42:45,124
On May 14, 1941, one year to
the day after she left Nanking,
569
00:42:45,574 --> 00:42:48,154
Minnie Vautrin commits suicide.
570
00:42:49,874 --> 00:42:53,924
Minnie vautrin mentioned more
than once in the diary that
571
00:42:53,954 --> 00:42:59,324
She was writing that she felt guilty or at
fault because she couldn't help everyone.
572
00:42:59,424 --> 00:43:02,334
She felt as though if only if
only I've been there for them
573
00:43:02,334 --> 00:43:03,864
If only if only I've been
able to hele this person.
574
00:43:04,054 --> 00:43:06,304
Then that person would have been ok.
575
00:43:07,574 --> 00:43:10,254
In China; especially in Nanking,
576
00:43:10,524 --> 00:43:14,124
The names and deeds of these
foreigners who stayed behind live on.
577
00:43:14,424 --> 00:43:18,324
If there were no westerners
in the fallen capital,
578
00:43:18,904 --> 00:43:23,304
The situation would have been much
morse for the Chinese population.
579
00:43:23,704 --> 00:43:27,704
What is knowable is the hundreds
of thousands of lives saved
580
00:43:27,804 --> 00:43:31,254
By the efforts of those
who established the zones,
581
00:43:31,254 --> 00:43:35,154
And tried to keep as many as
civilians safe as possible.
582
00:43:35,674 --> 00:43:39,954
Equally important is that they
recorded the facts of Nanking massacre.
583
00:43:41,454 --> 00:43:45,174
Today, Minnie Vautrin
revered as a living Buddha.
584
00:43:45,724 --> 00:43:49,224
She is called “Kuan Yin”
Buddha, Goddess of Mercy.
585
00:43:50,474 --> 00:43:52,954
6 weeks before the fall of Nanking,
586
00:43:53,324 --> 00:43:55,424
Minnie writes it in her diary:
587
00:43:55,774 --> 00:43:58,804
Think of the lovely coloring
of the autumn leaves,
588
00:43:59,854 --> 00:44:03,054
The glimpses of purple
mountain through our trees.
589
00:44:03,274 --> 00:44:05,324
All these we have.
590
00:44:06,374 --> 00:44:12,304
Nanking is a place of peace,
relaxation and beauty.
591
00:44:12,804 --> 00:44:16,334
Human beings have an extraordinary
capacity to simply come back.
592
00:44:16,874 --> 00:44:20,546
It is not uncommon for people
to live quite happily and
593
00:44:20,558 --> 00:44:23,204
peacefully in a place where
terrible things happen.
47082
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