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- [Narrator] We live on a volcanic planet.
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There are volcanoes all over the earth,
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from Northern Russia to Antarctica.
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They are found on every continent.
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They are the wildest forms of nature.
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Untamable, dangerous and dramatic.
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They're still being found.
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The largest volcano in the
world was discovered in 2013.
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A massive undersea mountain
off the coast of Japan.
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It's not the largest with know of,
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that would be Mons Olympus on Mars.
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Nor is it the largest ever on earth,
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that was likely an Indonesian volcano
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that 70 thousand years ago
almost wiped out mankind.
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Leaving less than 1000
breeding pairs of humans
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to continue our race.
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The biggest is yet to come.
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The Yellowstone super volcano erupts every
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600 thousand years,
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the last eruption was
648 thousand years ago.
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So it's now long over due.
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When it erupts it will
likely be the largest
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natural explosion in the
history of the earth.
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Equivalent to about 1000 nuclear bombs.
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Or a one kilometer
asteroid hitting the earth.
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It will drop world temperatures
by 10 to 20 degrees
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and will eventually likely
trigger the end of civilization.
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- [Narrator] There's thankfully
no active volcano today
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comparable with Yellowstone.
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But the one that perhaps
comes closest is Nyiragongo.
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Deep in central Africa,
considered the most dangerous
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volcano in the world.
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Its last major eruption
a few years ago killed
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many people, ran a river
of lava right through
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the city of Gama and
made refugees out of over
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120 thousand people.
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We went to climb this
large towering volcano
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to see the power of it
and the risk it presents
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to the people and wildlife of the Congo.
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It's a long way to get there,
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flying first to London England,
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then to Adusababa Ethiopia,
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then to Kigali Rwanda,
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then by land across
Rwanda crossing the border
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into the Congo.
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The sprawling rough
scrabble town of Gama is
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our last stop before base camp.
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To put it mildly Gama is not Geneva.
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How poor is the eastern Congo?
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In Gama they make their
own bicycles out of wood.
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And when I start handing
out Congolese Franks
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to my photographic subjects,
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it almost causes a riot.
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That's me in green, besieged
by this mob of urchants.
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Above the crazy street
scenes of Gama lurks smoking
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Nyiragongo volcano.
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In 2002 it had a major eruption
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that sent a river of lava
right through the city
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of Gama.
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The disaster bought
more hardship to a city
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that has suffered war
and poverty for decades.
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We met with Jacques Durieux
French scientist who's been
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studying the volcano for 30 years.
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- During the last eruption in 2002
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we have been extremely lucky
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because where lava flows,
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(mumbles) were moving at
the speed between five
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and eight kilometers per hour
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allowing the people to run away.
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If we do have in the city
lava flows at a speed between
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I don't know 20 to 40 kilometers per hour
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it will be a huge catastrophic.
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That eruption just occurred
after 11 years of war.
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And the volcano was more
impressive to the people
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than the 11 years of war.
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- [Narrator] In 2002 the
lava flowed so fast that cars
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and trucks were engulfed
before they could be moved.
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And they're still there today.
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A permanent reminder of the
power and unpredictability
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of an active volcano.
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See that boy peeking out from
the back of that rusted truck?
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Hard to believe it but
that's his home now.
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If Nyiragongo blows its stack again
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who knows what will happen
to this (mumbles) town
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and the people who live in it.
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We prepared to climb to see
the state of the volcano today.
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- So we're here now and
I'm told we will go up
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to the (mumbles) and
then up to the fracture.
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- [Narrator] And so we begin
the six hour trek straight
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up the steep volcano.
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Our Congolese porters were incredible.
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This is a challenging climb,
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and these guys do it carrying everything
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from heavy cans of water
to tents, to my camera,
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to an AK47 to protect us with.
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And do it with speed.
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Some of them also have pretty
amazing stories to tell
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about their experiences with the volcano.
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(speaking in a foreign language)
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- [Narrator] I thought it
would be interesting to try
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and get down inside the volcano.
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Not interesting enough for me personally
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you understand,
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but perhaps interesting enough
for one of the geologists
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traveling with us.
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- (mumbles) pull and it locks.
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Squeeze and it's free.
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I'll place the (mumbles).
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What's it like?
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- [Narrator] But eventually he too decided
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discretion was the better part of valor.
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- [Geologist] It get's pretty
tough to take after awhile.
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- [Male] Not worth going any deeper?
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- Not without an air conditioned suite.
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- [Narrator] There are
a lot of holes leading
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deep into the lava.
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- When the lava flowed
through here in 2002
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this was actually a rain
forest and you see a lot
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of these casts from the
trees that used to be here.
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The lava flowed around the trees
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and then burned the trunks out.
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So you've got these holes
all the way up the path
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to the summit.
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- [Narrator] Our team continues
to trudge up the hill.
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(panting)
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By the end of the day
we're staggering up the
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40 degree slope.
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- I can't wait to get to
the top of this thing.
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- [Narrator] I know
that climbing beside him
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with my heavy camera I feel just the same.
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- Come on up, have a look.
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- We finally make it joining
our compatriots at the summit.
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- [Male] Oh this is great.
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Oh man that is awesome.
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Congratulations guys we made it.
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That's what I'm talking about,
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look at that.
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- [Male] Welcome to the top.
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- [Narrator] After five years of planning,
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five days of traveling and
five hours of climbing...
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(gong vibrating)
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Completely sucked in by thick clouds
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and then wicked thunderstorms
that lasted for three days,
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when it finally cleared
we got a chance to get out
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and witness and photograph
the worlds larges lava lake.
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(upbeat music)
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Now we wait for darkness to
witness one of the rarest
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and most spectacular sights on the planet.
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Mount Nyiragongo.
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(upbeat music)
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It's a window into the core of the earth.
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2000 degrees of molten fury.
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It's an amazing sight
and a reassuring one.
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The boiling coldron of lava actually means
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the volcano is comfortably
venting off its energy.
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For now it seems 600 thousand
people of Gama are safe.
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But who knows what tomorrow will bring
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to this corner of darkest
and hottest Africa.
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(dramatic music)
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Not all volcanoes are
found in places as wild
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as the eastern Congo.
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Costa Rica for instance is a
peaceful, tropical, paradise.
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With lush rain forests,
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great waterfalls,
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and all kinds of opportunities
to see and photograph
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nature in the raw.
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It's also an adventure playground
with thick rain forest,
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wild rivers, untouched
jungles and especially
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an array of active volcanoes
running from north to south.
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(explosions)
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Costa Rica is part of
the Pacific ring of fire.
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A 40 thousand kilometer
band of seismic activity
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that has created 100s of volcanoes.
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Many of them clustered
on this small country.
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Over the last century
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many spectacular eruptions made Costa Rica
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a hotbed of volcanic activity.
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Being in this ring of fire
also makes the country
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prone to earthquakes.
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The 2009 quake was dramatically
captured in the middle
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of local live news coverage.
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Although Irazu has erupted
23 times in modern history,
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the show it gave the US
president John Kennedy
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is considered most infamous.
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(dramatic music)
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Lasting over two years the
volcano dumped a huge amount
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of ash over central Costa Rica.
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Even covering the runway
that air force one
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had to land on.
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(dramatic music)
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The built up ash and heavy
rains combined to produce
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flash floods that caused
tremendous damage.
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Irazu was now a national
park with 10000s of visitors
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coming each year to see the volcano
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that did so much damage to their country.
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Although inactive at the moment,
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Irazu is developing fishers that indicate
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it could blow its top anytime.
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The real action though is Mount Arenal
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Costa Rica's most active volcano.
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With a well populated town right below it.
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Scientists are trying to predict
what the big hill might do.
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We got a chance to climb up
it and look at it with them.
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The first half of the
climb was the easy part.
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- From here we walk.
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- [Narrator] The international
team of geophysicists
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from Ireland, Italy and Costa
Rica are installing seismic
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imaging equipment that
will help them understand
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but more importantly
predict the underground
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magma movement in the volcano.
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- We're just taking out the cables
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for connecting the instrument,
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the siesmometer needs to be connected
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to a computer onto a
global positioning system
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for the time signal.
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So we're just gathering together
all those cables so we can
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bring them up into the
field with the sizemometers
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and connect everything up.
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One, two.
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- [Narrator] Climbing volcanoes
especially with scientific
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or camera equipment on
your back is usually a hot
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strenuous task and Arenal is no exception.
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There's no real trail,
just a steep field of rocks
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and lava bombs from bast eruptions.
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00:12:32,424 --> 00:12:33,576
- We already hear rocks coming down
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the side of the mountain.
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- [Narrator] The area we are
exploring today is well within
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striking distance of
Arenal 's molten hot lava
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and paraclastic flow.
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Like this one that killed
two visitors here in 2000.
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- All right we've arrived at the site.
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00:12:57,861 --> 00:13:00,702
- [Narrator] Once at the high
optimum measurement site,
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00:13:00,702 --> 00:13:02,496
the scientists and technicians
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00:13:02,496 --> 00:13:04,658
with some assistance
from my climbing partner
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George (mumbles), lay out
the piles of cable and wire.
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Precisely measuring the field
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and installing and
calibrating the instruments.
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Chris Bean the leader of the expedition
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fills me in on what it's all about.
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- What we're doing is we are
trying to understand the nature
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00:13:23,517 --> 00:13:26,440
of the seismic sources on the volcano.
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All volcanoes make noise and
as a seismologist we put out
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00:13:29,739 --> 00:13:32,904
instruments on the surface
of the volcano to record
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00:13:32,904 --> 00:13:34,658
those sounds that the volcano makes.
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Much like a medical cardiograph
except we're look at
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00:13:36,898 --> 00:13:39,298
acoustic signals rather
than electrical signals.
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00:13:39,298 --> 00:13:41,525
And so what we're doing is
putting out these instruments
248
00:13:41,525 --> 00:13:43,309
to try and understand what those signals
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are telling us about how fluids are moving
250
00:13:45,677 --> 00:13:46,893
in the subsurface in a volcano.
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00:13:46,893 --> 00:13:48,719
- [Narrator] Underneath
Arenal and every volcano
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is a labyrinth of underground chambers.
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Where 1200 degree magma flows.
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- That's how level it is.
255
00:13:56,104 --> 00:13:57,919
- [Narrator] These tests
help them understand
256
00:13:57,919 --> 00:14:00,256
where the magma is
moving and where and when
257
00:14:00,256 --> 00:14:01,506
it might erupt.
258
00:14:03,141 --> 00:14:05,476
- We're putting out 10
instruments in what's called
259
00:14:05,476 --> 00:14:08,484
an array, so they're
just out in a semicircle
260
00:14:08,484 --> 00:14:11,740
and we are installing those
individual siesmometers.
261
00:14:11,740 --> 00:14:14,809
And each siesmometer
records ground vibration.
262
00:14:14,809 --> 00:14:17,012
So they are continuous,
even though we can't feel
263
00:14:17,012 --> 00:14:20,474
it here because we're not so
sensitive to ground vibration.
264
00:14:20,474 --> 00:14:22,640
There are continuous
vibrations as we stand here.
265
00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:26,034
These instruments are sensitive
enough to detect those
266
00:14:26,034 --> 00:14:29,156
and we can use some techniques
to turn that information
267
00:14:29,156 --> 00:14:32,082
into a knowledge of what the near surface
268
00:14:32,082 --> 00:14:34,196
variability of structure
of the volcano is.
269
00:14:34,196 --> 00:14:36,029
So that's today's job.
270
00:14:37,407 --> 00:14:40,181
[Narrator] Arenal's a
serious piece of work.
271
00:14:40,181 --> 00:14:42,239
And even seasoned
volcanologists get nervous
272
00:14:42,239 --> 00:14:43,507
working on this mountain.
273
00:14:43,507 --> 00:14:44,696
- We'll we're only going to stay here for
274
00:14:44,696 --> 00:14:46,887
as short a time as possible.
275
00:14:46,887 --> 00:14:48,850
I'm going to put it that way.
276
00:14:48,850 --> 00:14:50,344
- [Narrator] You don't to linger here?
277
00:14:50,344 --> 00:14:54,228
- I wouldn't camp over night
at this particular location.
278
00:14:54,228 --> 00:14:55,395
I wouldn't linger.
279
00:14:55,395 --> 00:14:57,000
I mean it's nice to be here.
280
00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:00,928
It puts an edge on it but
you know it can be dangerous
281
00:15:00,928 --> 00:15:04,823
as well so we'll get in and
out as quickly as we can.
282
00:15:04,823 --> 00:15:06,342
- [Narrator] On the
other side of the world,
283
00:15:06,342 --> 00:15:09,944
the other side of the ring
of fire lies Indonesia.
284
00:15:09,944 --> 00:15:11,805
With more than a 150 sites.
285
00:15:11,805 --> 00:15:15,152
One of the most volcanic
places on the planet.
286
00:15:15,152 --> 00:15:17,735
(upbeat music)
287
00:15:19,931 --> 00:15:23,348
Indonesia is full of history, color, fire
288
00:15:25,202 --> 00:15:28,102
and mysterious creatures.
289
00:15:28,102 --> 00:15:30,581
The island (mumbles) is also home
290
00:15:30,581 --> 00:15:33,748
to many of the worlds great volcanoes.
291
00:15:34,671 --> 00:15:37,421
(dramatic music)
292
00:15:46,468 --> 00:15:48,773
We managed to get close to many of them.
293
00:15:48,773 --> 00:15:51,256
(mumbles)
294
00:15:51,256 --> 00:15:52,089
Bromo.
295
00:15:53,434 --> 00:15:54,941
Semeru.
296
00:15:54,941 --> 00:15:59,222
And the mother of all volcanoes (mumbles).
297
00:15:59,222 --> 00:16:01,313
(dramatic music)
298
00:16:01,313 --> 00:16:05,480
On August 27th 1883 (mumbles)
erupted with a force
299
00:16:06,626 --> 00:16:08,623
never seen before.
300
00:16:08,623 --> 00:16:11,590
100's of villages were
wiped out by the explosion
301
00:16:11,590 --> 00:16:14,610
and huge paraclastic flows.
302
00:16:14,610 --> 00:16:17,230
(dramatic music)
303
00:16:17,230 --> 00:16:20,602
Even more devastating (mumbles)
produced a 40 meter high
304
00:16:20,602 --> 00:16:24,499
tsunami that claimed 36 thousand lives.
305
00:16:24,499 --> 00:16:28,459
So powerful it sent ships
three kilometers inland
306
00:16:28,459 --> 00:16:30,209
in the massive surge.
307
00:16:33,692 --> 00:16:35,053
We're heading for the island of Ricotta,
308
00:16:35,053 --> 00:16:37,124
once part of (mumbles).
309
00:16:37,124 --> 00:16:39,630
Now a smaller island where we
should be able to get a good
310
00:16:39,630 --> 00:16:43,193
view of the very active remaining volcano.
311
00:16:43,193 --> 00:16:45,360
Now know as Anak Krakatau.
312
00:16:47,710 --> 00:16:51,785
Guiding us is Indonesian
volcanologist Doni Wijayanto.
313
00:16:51,785 --> 00:16:52,618
- [Male] How's it going Doni?
314
00:16:52,618 --> 00:16:54,073
- I'm fine thank you.
315
00:16:54,073 --> 00:16:55,393
- [Male] Where are we off to today?
316
00:16:55,393 --> 00:16:57,945
- Today we're going to go to Krakata.
317
00:16:57,945 --> 00:17:01,228
The original Krakatau and camp there.
318
00:17:01,228 --> 00:17:02,759
- [Male] Excellent.
319
00:17:02,759 --> 00:17:06,759
- Super (mumbles) awesome dude.
320
00:17:07,749 --> 00:17:09,558
- [Narrator] Doni may not
be you're stereotypical
321
00:17:09,558 --> 00:17:11,895
scientist but he knows volcanoes.
322
00:17:11,895 --> 00:17:15,149
And he starts by taking us
to the Krakatau observetory
323
00:17:15,149 --> 00:17:19,316
to show us the latest seismic
activity on the islands.
324
00:17:25,360 --> 00:17:27,858
We arrive at the exploding hour.
325
00:17:27,858 --> 00:17:29,961
Just as it is sending a huge ash cloud
326
00:17:29,961 --> 00:17:32,378
100's of meters into the air.
327
00:17:34,658 --> 00:17:36,659
(water splashing)
328
00:17:36,659 --> 00:17:39,233
We set up a camp that
gives us a front row seat
329
00:17:39,233 --> 00:17:41,772
on what was once the
most destructive volcano
330
00:17:41,772 --> 00:17:43,447
in human history.
331
00:17:43,447 --> 00:17:45,645
Our crew begins preparing diner,
332
00:17:45,645 --> 00:17:49,859
setting up tents and
complaining about the weather.
333
00:17:49,859 --> 00:17:52,423
- Super blady maximum hot.
334
00:17:52,423 --> 00:17:53,257
- [Male] It is hot isn't it.
335
00:17:53,257 --> 00:17:54,170
- Yeah.
336
00:17:54,170 --> 00:17:56,677
- [Male] Not quite as hot as
over there on the other island.
337
00:17:56,677 --> 00:17:59,100
- Yes because it's windy on the island.
338
00:17:59,100 --> 00:18:00,297
- [Male] Windy?
339
00:18:00,297 --> 00:18:03,913
Oh yeah there's also hot
rocks flying out of it.
340
00:18:03,913 --> 00:18:06,663
(dramatic music)
341
00:18:11,401 --> 00:18:14,401
- [Narrator] What a site for a swim.
342
00:18:16,965 --> 00:18:20,759
Late in the afternoon we
get onto Anak Krakatau
343
00:18:20,759 --> 00:18:24,926
and try to get close to
the top of the (mumbles).
344
00:18:27,093 --> 00:18:30,363
(dramatic music)
345
00:18:30,363 --> 00:18:31,847
- This is going to be
tough determining how close
346
00:18:31,847 --> 00:18:33,514
is safe on this one.
347
00:18:35,210 --> 00:18:37,626
I like this mountain.
348
00:18:37,626 --> 00:18:40,882
Well it's starting to get late in the day,
349
00:18:40,882 --> 00:18:43,033
the sun's going to be
going down soon enough so
350
00:18:43,033 --> 00:18:45,417
it's best to just get off the mountain,
351
00:18:45,417 --> 00:18:48,975
go and observe from a safer area because
352
00:18:48,975 --> 00:18:51,473
when it starts getting
dark and these things
353
00:18:51,473 --> 00:18:52,625
start heading for ya,
354
00:18:52,625 --> 00:18:53,865
game over man.
355
00:18:53,865 --> 00:18:55,717
- [Narrator] Krakatau's
slowly rebuilding itself
356
00:18:55,717 --> 00:18:57,235
with these new eruptions.
357
00:18:57,235 --> 00:18:59,961
It's a fascinating volcano
but not by any means
358
00:18:59,961 --> 00:19:02,128
the only one in Indonesia.
359
00:19:04,337 --> 00:19:06,763
Next Doni leads up to Papandayan volcano
360
00:19:06,763 --> 00:19:08,096
on western Java.
361
00:19:08,949 --> 00:19:10,949
- So the flow came down
from the crater here.
362
00:19:10,949 --> 00:19:11,846
- Yeah.
363
00:19:11,846 --> 00:19:14,226
- And then it extended how far down?
364
00:19:14,226 --> 00:19:16,113
- [Narrator] Telling us of the (mumbles).
365
00:19:16,113 --> 00:19:17,517
- 4.5 kilometer down.
366
00:19:17,517 --> 00:19:18,549
- Really?
- Yeah.
367
00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:21,464
And then some of the rock
that fly into the other side
368
00:19:21,464 --> 00:19:23,321
in (mumbles).
369
00:19:23,321 --> 00:19:24,557
- [Male With Backpack]
Right over the other side
370
00:19:24,557 --> 00:19:25,390
of the mountain.
371
00:19:25,390 --> 00:19:28,151
- [Doni] Right on the
side of the mountain.
372
00:19:28,151 --> 00:19:30,448
- [Narrator] He also tells
me about his fascination
373
00:19:30,448 --> 00:19:31,464
with volcanoes.
374
00:19:31,464 --> 00:19:32,297
- Volcano is amazing.
375
00:19:32,297 --> 00:19:35,244
You never know what's going to happen,
376
00:19:35,244 --> 00:19:38,514
because mother nature is a big power.
377
00:19:38,514 --> 00:19:40,492
I like to learn about it.
378
00:19:40,492 --> 00:19:43,788
- [Male With Backpack] So up
here u said that there's a
379
00:19:43,788 --> 00:19:44,621
(mumbles) that sounds like a jet engine.
380
00:19:44,621 --> 00:19:45,638
How far away is that?
381
00:19:45,638 --> 00:19:47,971
- About 500 meter from here.
382
00:19:52,203 --> 00:19:54,007
- [Male With Backpack] Ooh
this is steep here, isn't it?
383
00:19:54,007 --> 00:19:55,860
It's not just steep...
384
00:19:55,860 --> 00:19:58,193
- Super blady maximum steep.
385
00:20:00,355 --> 00:20:02,403
- You see Doni learned
most of his english from
386
00:20:02,403 --> 00:20:03,986
Eddy Murphy movies.
387
00:20:05,525 --> 00:20:06,605
- [Narrator] As well as bad language,
388
00:20:06,605 --> 00:20:08,665
there were also bad, bad
smells coming from the
389
00:20:08,665 --> 00:20:11,082
sulfuric vents of Papandayan.
390
00:20:18,277 --> 00:20:20,524
- Not that sounds like a rocket engine.
391
00:20:20,524 --> 00:20:23,274
(dramatic music)
392
00:20:35,509 --> 00:20:39,259
- [Narrator] The sulfur
is hot and liquefied.
393
00:20:42,783 --> 00:20:44,690
And the gasses are not
something any of us want to get
394
00:20:44,690 --> 00:20:46,619
into our lungs.
395
00:20:46,619 --> 00:20:47,734
- Let's go take a look.
396
00:20:47,734 --> 00:20:50,484
(dramatic music)
397
00:21:00,178 --> 00:21:01,340
That's so amazing, there's
so much liquid sulfur
398
00:21:01,340 --> 00:21:02,748
in that one spot.
399
00:21:02,748 --> 00:21:04,748
It's just bubbling away.
400
00:21:09,788 --> 00:21:13,029
Inside these vents is a
pond of liquid sulfur.
401
00:21:13,029 --> 00:21:15,567
And in it's liquid form it's orange.
402
00:21:15,567 --> 00:21:17,895
And when it comes up through the gas
403
00:21:17,895 --> 00:21:20,889
it crystallizes and forms these
yellow deposits that you see
404
00:21:20,889 --> 00:21:22,140
everywhere here.
405
00:21:22,140 --> 00:21:24,140
But the gas is so toxic.
406
00:21:25,167 --> 00:21:27,013
- [Narrator] So toxic
that it's not a good idea
407
00:21:27,013 --> 00:21:28,263
to try to talk.
408
00:21:30,932 --> 00:21:33,234
At the other end of
Java is another volcano
409
00:21:33,234 --> 00:21:36,596
that has been turned into
a real hell on earth.
410
00:21:36,596 --> 00:21:40,158
(mumbles) is also rich in sulfur deposits
411
00:21:40,158 --> 00:21:43,289
that are in this case dug
out of the ground by hand
412
00:21:43,289 --> 00:21:45,689
and lugged over the
mountain by miners working
413
00:21:45,689 --> 00:21:48,845
for (mumbles).
414
00:21:48,845 --> 00:21:52,470
It is back breaking work done
by men with only basic tools,
415
00:21:52,470 --> 00:21:55,637
no safety equipment and no protection.
416
00:21:56,722 --> 00:21:59,598
Once they have dug the
sulfur from the volcano
417
00:21:59,598 --> 00:22:03,765
they lug loads some up to 100
kilograms out of the crater.
418
00:22:14,957 --> 00:22:18,670
The journey continues with a
back breaking hike to the peak
419
00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:22,420
and down the other side
to the weigh station.
420
00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:38,080
Each miner makes this
grueling trip twice a day.
421
00:22:44,679 --> 00:22:46,338
Back in the mine I convince George
422
00:22:46,338 --> 00:22:50,005
to try out the load
himself, for the camera.
423
00:22:53,527 --> 00:22:54,860
- [George] Okay?
424
00:22:56,460 --> 00:22:58,722
- [Miner] Yeah okay.
425
00:22:58,722 --> 00:22:59,722
- Oh my god.
426
00:23:05,415 --> 00:23:08,648
Yes it's as heavy as it looks.
427
00:23:08,648 --> 00:23:09,481
Wow.
428
00:23:11,155 --> 00:23:12,238
Super strong.
429
00:23:13,993 --> 00:23:15,274
These guys are superman,
430
00:23:15,274 --> 00:23:16,176
I don't know how they do it.
431
00:23:16,176 --> 00:23:18,556
And then it's not just a
matter of walking 10 feet,
432
00:23:18,556 --> 00:23:21,925
oh no, they have to go
all the way up there
433
00:23:21,925 --> 00:23:24,153
to the top of the crater.
434
00:23:24,153 --> 00:23:25,503
Four kilometers.
435
00:23:25,503 --> 00:23:26,552
And it's not flat.
436
00:23:26,552 --> 00:23:29,552
It is steep rugged volcanic terrain.
437
00:23:30,622 --> 00:23:32,563
- [Narrator] Now that
we've seen the strength
438
00:23:32,563 --> 00:23:35,866
of the Indonesians we
hire another 20 of them
439
00:23:35,866 --> 00:23:38,869
to help us get to the top one
of Javas highest, most active
440
00:23:38,869 --> 00:23:41,286
and most dangerous volcanoes.
441
00:23:42,587 --> 00:23:44,220
Mount Semeru.
442
00:23:44,220 --> 00:23:45,803
- Looks pretty far.
443
00:23:47,808 --> 00:23:49,044
- [Narrator] It's a long two day hike,
444
00:23:49,044 --> 00:23:51,141
that starts pretty flat
and increasingly becomes
445
00:23:51,141 --> 00:23:52,808
steeper and steeper.
446
00:24:01,128 --> 00:24:02,675
As we hike through the jungle,
447
00:24:02,675 --> 00:24:06,030
we can occasionally catch
glimpses of the volcano
448
00:24:06,030 --> 00:24:07,276
looming in front of us.
449
00:24:07,276 --> 00:24:10,462
It's a long hot, tough climb
just to get to the base
450
00:24:10,462 --> 00:24:12,295
of the remote volcano.
451
00:24:13,270 --> 00:24:15,468
But the reality of volcano exploration is,
452
00:24:15,468 --> 00:24:17,666
if you want to see the good eruptions
453
00:24:17,666 --> 00:24:19,833
you've got to work for it.
454
00:24:21,378 --> 00:24:25,295
- I don't know how these
guys do this everyday.
455
00:24:29,405 --> 00:24:30,976
You know when I'm sitting at home
456
00:24:30,976 --> 00:24:33,201
I love talking about climbing mountains.
457
00:24:33,201 --> 00:24:35,437
But when you're half
way up the side of one
458
00:24:35,437 --> 00:24:38,520
it's amazing how the opinions change.
459
00:24:39,594 --> 00:24:41,596
This is one intimidating volcano.
460
00:24:41,596 --> 00:24:44,180
The idea today is to get
to the base of the cone
461
00:24:44,180 --> 00:24:47,225
and then when you look
and you see the cone
462
00:24:47,225 --> 00:24:49,166
and realize that's what
I have to climb tomorrow.
463
00:24:49,166 --> 00:24:52,136
- [Narrator] There are a number of things
464
00:24:52,136 --> 00:24:54,511
that make Semeru a
particularly difficult volcano
465
00:24:54,511 --> 00:24:55,344
to climb.
466
00:24:58,344 --> 00:24:59,900
First of all quite simply it's very steep.
467
00:24:59,900 --> 00:25:01,100
- And this is the easy part.
468
00:25:01,100 --> 00:25:02,860
It gets much harder from here.
469
00:25:02,860 --> 00:25:05,339
- [Narrator] You have to be
off the mountain by 10 AM.
470
00:25:05,339 --> 00:25:07,728
So you have to start the
summit push at midnight
471
00:25:07,728 --> 00:25:09,945
and climb in the dark.
472
00:25:09,945 --> 00:25:12,724
It is very high which means two things,
473
00:25:12,724 --> 00:25:14,794
you've got a long way to climb
474
00:25:14,794 --> 00:25:16,139
and the higher you climb
475
00:25:16,139 --> 00:25:18,627
the more out of breath you get.
476
00:25:18,627 --> 00:25:20,976
There's a knife edge ridge
you have to cross before
477
00:25:20,976 --> 00:25:22,796
you get to the main part of the mountain.
478
00:25:22,796 --> 00:25:25,354
And when you do get there you
find it's covered in loose
479
00:25:25,354 --> 00:25:28,402
scree, so your boots are full of stones
480
00:25:28,402 --> 00:25:30,776
and for every two steps you take forward,
481
00:25:30,776 --> 00:25:33,272
you'll slide one step back.
482
00:25:33,272 --> 00:25:34,892
- It's incredibly steep.
483
00:25:34,892 --> 00:25:36,270
- [Narrator] Of course on
top of all that there's
484
00:25:36,270 --> 00:25:38,521
the other little matter that the mountain
485
00:25:38,521 --> 00:25:40,604
is continually exploding.
486
00:25:54,149 --> 00:25:55,816
- Almost to the top.
487
00:25:59,073 --> 00:26:01,447
Hopefully really soon.
488
00:26:01,447 --> 00:26:05,030
Semeru is the highest
point on all of Java.
489
00:26:07,455 --> 00:26:09,705
It's over 3670 meters high.
490
00:26:14,665 --> 00:26:18,478
And pretty soon I'm going
to be on the top of it.
491
00:26:18,478 --> 00:26:22,631
Hopefully, if I don't
die between now and then.
492
00:26:22,631 --> 00:26:25,183
- [Narrator] At 5:30 the sun
makes its first appearance.
493
00:26:25,183 --> 00:26:28,248
In the thin air the sunrise
provides a good excuse to
494
00:26:28,248 --> 00:26:30,869
stop climbing, try and catch ones breath
495
00:26:30,869 --> 00:26:32,671
and admire the view.
496
00:26:32,671 --> 00:26:34,004
- Wow beautiful.
497
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:38,309
Got to keep going.
498
00:26:38,309 --> 00:26:40,892
Oh the glorious last few steps.
499
00:26:41,813 --> 00:26:43,313
Uh huh the summit.
500
00:26:45,104 --> 00:26:46,803
- I'm never going to do it again,
501
00:26:46,803 --> 00:26:48,134
the same as I said last time.
502
00:26:48,134 --> 00:26:49,544
- [George] Never do it again.
503
00:26:49,544 --> 00:26:53,883
Funny I was saying the
same thing to myself.
504
00:26:53,883 --> 00:26:55,648
- [Narrator] Ignoring the danger signs
505
00:26:55,648 --> 00:26:57,565
we head for the action.
506
00:27:00,409 --> 00:27:01,332
(dramatic music)
507
00:27:01,332 --> 00:27:02,640
And we get it.
508
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:05,143
Maybe a bit too close
so we retreat a little
509
00:27:05,143 --> 00:27:07,393
to wait for a big eruption.
510
00:27:09,526 --> 00:27:11,779
And Semeru doesn't disappoint.
511
00:27:11,779 --> 00:27:14,386
- Oh big one look at that.
512
00:27:14,386 --> 00:27:15,219
Wow.
513
00:27:17,549 --> 00:27:19,970
Ah, billowing up huge dark clouds.
514
00:27:19,970 --> 00:27:22,803
Oh and rocks, look at the impacts.
515
00:27:23,872 --> 00:27:24,705
Wow.
516
00:27:27,317 --> 00:27:30,317
Now that was worth the trek up here.
517
00:27:35,419 --> 00:27:39,586
Perfect conditions, blue
sky, very active mountain.
518
00:27:40,742 --> 00:27:42,377
- [Narrator] You've seen a
lot of my climbing partner
519
00:27:42,377 --> 00:27:45,086
George (mumbles) here and
you might start to think that
520
00:27:45,086 --> 00:27:47,629
I'm almost married to him.
521
00:27:47,629 --> 00:27:50,297
I'm not, Michelle Shubert is.
522
00:27:50,297 --> 00:27:52,206
And that's because I helped convince him
523
00:27:52,206 --> 00:27:54,709
to ask her to marry him.
524
00:27:54,709 --> 00:27:56,126
- Yes, oh my god.
525
00:27:57,667 --> 00:28:01,834
- [Narrator] On the lip naturally
of an exploding volcano.
526
00:28:03,754 --> 00:28:05,696
I organised the volcanic
wedding to take place
527
00:28:05,696 --> 00:28:09,915
at Vanuatu and island
paradise in the South Pacific.
528
00:28:09,915 --> 00:28:12,806
With the very impressive
Yasur volcano on one of the
529
00:28:12,806 --> 00:28:13,806
old islands.
530
00:28:18,894 --> 00:28:20,394
- Nice, real nice.
531
00:28:24,260 --> 00:28:26,856
Yasur volcano, one of
the most active volcanoes
532
00:28:26,856 --> 00:28:27,939
in the world.
533
00:28:29,671 --> 00:28:31,554
- [Narrator] So we set out to explore it.
534
00:28:31,554 --> 00:28:34,559
And the two of us set out
ropes so that I can film George
535
00:28:34,559 --> 00:28:37,059
descending towards the crater.
536
00:28:38,449 --> 00:28:41,032
(upbeat music)
537
00:28:49,287 --> 00:28:52,757
- Right now the plan is to propel down
538
00:28:52,757 --> 00:28:54,841
into the crater of the volcano
539
00:28:54,841 --> 00:28:58,219
and still make it out for my wedding day.
540
00:28:58,219 --> 00:29:00,191
(explosions)
541
00:29:00,191 --> 00:29:01,229
Oh look at that.
542
00:29:01,229 --> 00:29:03,229
Oh big bombs, big bombs.
543
00:29:04,232 --> 00:29:05,701
I got to be real careful,
544
00:29:05,701 --> 00:29:06,534
this is
545
00:29:07,582 --> 00:29:09,428
a bit treacherous.
546
00:29:09,428 --> 00:29:11,655
- [Narrator] We drive
stakes into the ground for
547
00:29:11,655 --> 00:29:13,812
the safety lines and
George asks me to drag his
548
00:29:13,812 --> 00:29:16,904
limp body back in case he
should be knocked out cold
549
00:29:16,904 --> 00:29:18,410
by a flying lava ball.
550
00:29:18,410 --> 00:29:19,607
- As long as I'm squeezing
it, I can go down.
551
00:29:19,607 --> 00:29:21,523
As soon as I let go I'm attached to it
552
00:29:21,523 --> 00:29:23,019
you can pull me up on the rope.
553
00:29:23,019 --> 00:29:25,769
(dramatic music)
554
00:29:30,590 --> 00:29:32,628
- [Narrator] I film Georges
last minute dressing
555
00:29:32,628 --> 00:29:35,045
into a full fire proof suite.
556
00:29:42,941 --> 00:29:47,108
- So far so good, I'm about 50
meters inside the volcano now
557
00:29:48,363 --> 00:29:52,049
the lava is really starting
to glow bright orange.
558
00:29:52,049 --> 00:29:54,216
It's starting to get dark.
559
00:29:55,955 --> 00:29:56,788
Whoa.
560
00:29:59,445 --> 00:30:01,614
Big explosions behind me.
561
00:30:01,614 --> 00:30:03,113
Huge gotta keep going.
562
00:30:03,113 --> 00:30:05,696
(upbeat music)
563
00:30:19,336 --> 00:30:21,987
Okay I'm 60 meters down into the volcano
564
00:30:21,987 --> 00:30:24,856
and this is as far as I can
go safely because I'm at the
565
00:30:24,856 --> 00:30:25,836
end of my rope.
566
00:30:25,836 --> 00:30:29,856
As a safety precaution I
don't want to go any further.
567
00:30:29,856 --> 00:30:32,164
The rocks around me are smoking
568
00:30:32,164 --> 00:30:36,331
and I'm totally surrounded by
relatively fresh lava bombs.
569
00:30:39,174 --> 00:30:40,341
This is crazy.
570
00:30:44,436 --> 00:30:46,686
(coughing)
571
00:30:47,811 --> 00:30:50,080
Okay I'm getting blasted
with sulfur dioxide now.
572
00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:52,413
I'm going to put my mask on.
573
00:30:55,592 --> 00:30:57,004
(explosions)
574
00:30:57,004 --> 00:30:58,337
Oh big eruption.
575
00:30:59,885 --> 00:31:01,135
Noisy eruption.
576
00:31:02,504 --> 00:31:05,484
This is not a place that's
conducive to life for very long.
577
00:31:05,484 --> 00:31:07,401
I can't stay here long.
578
00:31:09,243 --> 00:31:10,815
(dramatic music)
579
00:31:10,815 --> 00:31:12,423
- [Narrator] From my
vantage point I can see
580
00:31:12,423 --> 00:31:14,179
the eruptions begin to increase in size.
581
00:31:14,179 --> 00:31:16,802
So I urge George to ascend.
582
00:31:16,802 --> 00:31:19,552
(dramatic music)
583
00:31:21,236 --> 00:31:24,232
At that point though George
spies a huge bomb that has
584
00:31:24,232 --> 00:31:27,815
landed behind him and
determines to get it.
585
00:31:36,780 --> 00:31:39,326
From high above George's bride to be
586
00:31:39,326 --> 00:31:43,493
operating a fifth camera
observes the crazy action.
587
00:31:45,118 --> 00:31:47,633
On the walkie-talkie I call to George.
588
00:31:47,633 --> 00:31:51,133
Half egging him on, half calling him back.
589
00:31:52,417 --> 00:31:54,451
Fortunately George hears
more of the enthusiasm
590
00:31:54,451 --> 00:31:57,013
than the warning in my voice
591
00:31:57,013 --> 00:31:59,540
and gets to a brand new lava bomb.
592
00:31:59,540 --> 00:32:01,238
However just as he starts to return
593
00:32:01,238 --> 00:32:04,146
there is another major eruption.
594
00:32:04,146 --> 00:32:05,976
Only when reviewing the footage later
595
00:32:05,976 --> 00:32:08,286
do we see how close the
lava bombs were falling.
596
00:32:08,286 --> 00:32:11,036
(dramatic music)
597
00:32:20,045 --> 00:32:20,962
- It's hot.
598
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,031
Brand new bomb from Yasur.
599
00:32:28,031 --> 00:32:31,198
I saw where it hit, ran out to get it.
600
00:32:42,494 --> 00:32:43,994
Whoa look at that.
601
00:32:46,588 --> 00:32:47,755
Still glowing.
602
00:32:49,534 --> 00:32:52,524
Feel the heat coming off of this.
603
00:32:52,524 --> 00:32:54,239
- [Narrator] But spying
his fiance watching
604
00:32:54,239 --> 00:32:55,914
from the top of the hill,
605
00:32:55,914 --> 00:32:59,668
George remembers why he came to Vanuatu.
606
00:32:59,668 --> 00:33:01,385
- All right here I come I
think I've pushed my luck
607
00:33:01,385 --> 00:33:02,468
enough today.
608
00:33:11,078 --> 00:33:12,705
It's hot.
609
00:33:12,705 --> 00:33:15,980
All right enough messing around.
610
00:33:15,980 --> 00:33:18,063
It's time to get married.
611
00:33:22,793 --> 00:33:25,210
(explosions)
612
00:33:41,921 --> 00:33:45,754
(singing in foreign language)
613
00:33:47,916 --> 00:33:49,868
- [Narrator] The night before
the wedding we celebrate
614
00:33:49,868 --> 00:33:51,957
with members of the John From Group,
615
00:33:51,957 --> 00:33:54,930
the strange cargo cult
that worships a mythical
616
00:33:54,930 --> 00:33:58,513
US marine they believe
will be their Masai.
617
00:34:03,379 --> 00:34:04,629
The next day...
618
00:34:18,822 --> 00:34:20,638
- Thank you for coming all the way from
619
00:34:20,638 --> 00:34:22,934
(mumbles) to get married.
620
00:34:22,934 --> 00:34:25,309
So I'd just like to welcome
you and say thank you for
621
00:34:25,309 --> 00:34:27,062
coming this far.
622
00:34:27,062 --> 00:34:29,674
- [Narrator] As Pastor Isaac
leads them through the ceremony
623
00:34:29,674 --> 00:34:32,972
the volcano gives some
spectacular eruptions.
624
00:34:32,972 --> 00:34:36,475
- In the presence of the Almighty God,
625
00:34:36,475 --> 00:34:40,534
that you promise to take
this woman as your wife.
626
00:34:40,534 --> 00:34:42,994
- [George] I promise to take this woman.
627
00:34:42,994 --> 00:34:44,946
- [Pastor] To care and to support her.
628
00:34:44,946 --> 00:34:47,467
- To care and to support her,
629
00:34:47,467 --> 00:34:50,050
in good times and in bad times.
630
00:34:52,211 --> 00:34:55,843
I'm so happy the many years that we've had
631
00:34:55,843 --> 00:34:57,716
and I look forward to many,
632
00:34:57,716 --> 00:35:01,030
many more sharing our lives together.
633
00:35:01,030 --> 00:35:05,197
- You may now slip the ring
into the brides finger.
634
00:35:10,538 --> 00:35:13,751
- You have been my supporter,
635
00:35:13,751 --> 00:35:15,168
my wall, my rock.
636
00:35:17,059 --> 00:35:21,059
And if we're not careful
we might melt into one.
637
00:35:21,898 --> 00:35:25,487
- I have this great honor to pronounce you
638
00:35:25,487 --> 00:35:26,904
husband and wife.
639
00:35:31,708 --> 00:35:34,375
And you may now kiss your bride.
640
00:35:44,081 --> 00:35:47,414
Let's ask the band to give a little song
641
00:35:49,343 --> 00:35:51,671
to finish of this ceremony.
642
00:35:51,671 --> 00:35:55,671
(singing in a foreign language)
643
00:36:26,636 --> 00:36:28,886
(cheering)
644
00:36:37,344 --> 00:36:38,344
- Thank you.
645
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:42,493
(explosion)
646
00:36:44,654 --> 00:36:47,654
- Oh the volcano's just going again.
647
00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:52,914
- [Narrator] In my career
as a cinematographer
648
00:36:52,914 --> 00:36:54,989
it's the first wedding I've filmed,
649
00:36:54,989 --> 00:36:57,072
and a very memorable one.
650
00:37:01,788 --> 00:37:03,992
But for the moment I've
lost my climbing partner.
651
00:37:03,992 --> 00:37:06,592
With George and his new
bride off on honeymoon
652
00:37:06,592 --> 00:37:08,969
shark diving in the Bahamas,
653
00:37:08,969 --> 00:37:11,176
I decide to head to Guatemala,
654
00:37:11,176 --> 00:37:14,492
one of the most volcanic
ally active countries
655
00:37:14,492 --> 00:37:17,228
in the Americans to see
the volcanoes there.
656
00:37:17,228 --> 00:37:20,221
This time I have a new group
of climbing companions,
657
00:37:20,221 --> 00:37:23,971
13 youngings all of them
under the age of 27.
658
00:37:25,390 --> 00:37:29,081
Guatemala volcano exploration
is unique in that it can all
659
00:37:29,081 --> 00:37:31,290
be done from one central place.
660
00:37:31,290 --> 00:37:35,241
The classic and colorful
colonial city of Antiga.
661
00:37:35,241 --> 00:37:37,824
(upbeat music)
662
00:37:40,001 --> 00:37:43,500
Antiga was the capital of
Guatemala in the colonial era.
663
00:37:43,500 --> 00:37:46,355
But was twice destroyed by earthquakes.
664
00:37:46,355 --> 00:37:48,726
It has been restored
today into one of the most
665
00:37:48,726 --> 00:37:50,784
pleasant towns in central America.
666
00:37:50,784 --> 00:37:53,478
Though it is still threatened
by underground action.
667
00:37:53,478 --> 00:37:56,373
Look down any of Antiga's
streets on a clear day
668
00:37:56,373 --> 00:37:58,900
and you'll see one of
the four active volcanoes
669
00:37:58,900 --> 00:38:00,317
that surround it.
670
00:38:03,935 --> 00:38:05,515
Naturally it is home base
671
00:38:05,515 --> 00:38:08,523
for the countries best volcano guides.
672
00:38:08,523 --> 00:38:10,212
We decide to climb with OX tours,
673
00:38:10,212 --> 00:38:13,689
who assign us their top guide (mumbles)
674
00:38:13,689 --> 00:38:15,211
- Well it's just a long,
675
00:38:15,211 --> 00:38:16,790
it's just because getting here,
676
00:38:16,790 --> 00:38:20,252
I want to get to this
campsite with enough time to
677
00:38:20,252 --> 00:38:22,374
set camp and then get
(mumbles) before sunset.
678
00:38:22,374 --> 00:38:26,184
- On this expedition I'm
trying out a new tool.
679
00:38:26,184 --> 00:38:28,161
A drone helicopter camera that I hope
680
00:38:28,161 --> 00:38:30,880
to fly into the craters of the volcano.
681
00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:34,384
Everyone warns me of the possible
problems I may have there
682
00:38:34,384 --> 00:38:36,751
but no one guesses the real
reason why the drone won't
683
00:38:36,751 --> 00:38:38,918
work on the big mountains.
684
00:38:39,919 --> 00:38:41,826
We start with a climb up Pacaya,
685
00:38:41,826 --> 00:38:43,980
an active but modestly sized volcano
686
00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:46,648
we can manage in a day.
687
00:38:46,648 --> 00:38:48,894
But while the volcano
is smoking the clouds
688
00:38:48,894 --> 00:38:50,942
and mist swirling round the peaks
689
00:38:50,942 --> 00:38:53,392
make the job of filming it a challenge.
690
00:38:53,392 --> 00:38:55,975
(upbeat music)
691
00:39:00,185 --> 00:39:02,175
However we do get the drone in the air
692
00:39:02,175 --> 00:39:05,216
and out into the first
of Pacaya 's craters.
693
00:39:05,216 --> 00:39:07,089
Where it shoots some video.
694
00:39:07,089 --> 00:39:09,672
(upbeat music)
695
00:39:40,369 --> 00:39:42,452
And I safely get it back.
696
00:39:43,931 --> 00:39:45,714
We then take on the high and challenging
697
00:39:45,714 --> 00:39:47,783
Mount Acatenango, sister peak to smoking
698
00:39:47,783 --> 00:39:48,783
Mount Fuego.
699
00:39:50,581 --> 00:39:53,439
It's another long tough climb
helped until the steepest
700
00:39:53,439 --> 00:39:56,939
sections by pack horses carrying our gear.
701
00:40:09,723 --> 00:40:11,211
This was a bit of a killer climb,
702
00:40:11,211 --> 00:40:15,378
we've been climbing since
about 9 'o clock this morning,
703
00:40:16,706 --> 00:40:20,936
it's now two or so and we've
been climbing all this time.
704
00:40:20,936 --> 00:40:22,965
The end is in sight.
705
00:40:22,965 --> 00:40:25,558
We've got people spread out
all over the last corner
706
00:40:25,558 --> 00:40:28,088
of the mountain here.
707
00:40:28,088 --> 00:40:31,119
There's a girl behind
that's not feeling well,
708
00:40:31,119 --> 00:40:34,136
I hope she doesn't drag the back end down.
709
00:40:34,136 --> 00:40:35,372
We got about three people ahead of us
710
00:40:35,372 --> 00:40:36,622
and we're here,
711
00:40:37,986 --> 00:40:39,641
not too far to go.
712
00:40:39,641 --> 00:40:42,390
Back there we got mount Agua.
713
00:40:42,390 --> 00:40:44,651
Beautiful looking stratovolcano.
714
00:40:44,651 --> 00:40:48,750
It's apparently dangerous
to climb for (mumbles),
715
00:40:48,750 --> 00:40:51,908
so it isn't climbed but it
is a perfect looking volcano.
716
00:40:51,908 --> 00:40:54,443
It looks as nice as Mount
Fuji in Japan, doesn't it.
717
00:40:54,443 --> 00:40:56,544
It's a really prefect volcano.
718
00:40:56,544 --> 00:41:00,179
It looks like it's got some
kind of a TV tower or something
719
00:41:00,179 --> 00:41:01,262
on top of it.
720
00:41:02,208 --> 00:41:04,657
And where, are we above it?
721
00:41:04,657 --> 00:41:06,389
Yeah we're about level with it.
722
00:41:06,389 --> 00:41:08,707
I think when we get to the
top here we'll be above it,
723
00:41:08,707 --> 00:41:11,756
because this is one of
the highest volcanoes
724
00:41:11,756 --> 00:41:14,938
in central America that
we're climbing today.
725
00:41:14,938 --> 00:41:17,855
As it gets higher, it gets steeper.
726
00:41:20,068 --> 00:41:22,752
My daughter Briana handling
second camera is one
727
00:41:22,752 --> 00:41:25,329
of the first to the top.
728
00:41:25,329 --> 00:41:28,662
20 minutes later I join her at the peak.
729
00:41:29,507 --> 00:41:30,340
- [Male] Your here.
730
00:41:30,340 --> 00:41:31,173
- On the top.
731
00:41:31,173 --> 00:41:32,090
This is it.
732
00:41:34,787 --> 00:41:36,370
This is the summit.
733
00:41:38,116 --> 00:41:42,557
I can see smoke coming
off Fuego over there.
734
00:41:42,557 --> 00:41:44,944
So it was time to set up are drone camera
735
00:41:44,944 --> 00:41:47,694
and send it over into the crater.
736
00:41:54,402 --> 00:41:56,069
But it wasn't to be.
737
00:41:57,410 --> 00:41:59,721
That was a total bummer.
738
00:41:59,721 --> 00:42:02,050
The whole plan was to
come here with the drone
739
00:42:02,050 --> 00:42:04,967
and get some shots into the crater.
740
00:42:06,647 --> 00:42:08,185
Seems the air is too thin up here.
741
00:42:08,185 --> 00:42:10,032
Doesn't have enough
strength, the battery power,
742
00:42:10,032 --> 00:42:13,671
it worked fine lower
down, worked fine on Akaya
743
00:42:13,671 --> 00:42:15,750
but up here this thin air,
744
00:42:15,750 --> 00:42:18,240
it just doesn't have the humph,
745
00:42:18,240 --> 00:42:21,348
to get it up in the air and control it.
746
00:42:21,348 --> 00:42:25,113
So I can't get any height out of it.
747
00:42:25,113 --> 00:42:26,113
What a pity.
748
00:42:30,859 --> 00:42:33,510
And so we have to be satisfied
with filming the volcano
749
00:42:33,510 --> 00:42:35,164
in the conventional manner.
750
00:42:35,164 --> 00:42:38,012
Not so bad, as the sun sets behind us
751
00:42:38,012 --> 00:42:40,701
we have a great vantage point of it.
752
00:42:40,701 --> 00:42:44,701
(singing in a foreign language)
753
00:42:49,349 --> 00:42:51,766
(explosions)
754
00:42:54,995 --> 00:42:56,980
The explosions induced great enthusiasm
755
00:42:56,980 --> 00:43:00,053
from my youthful climbing companions.
756
00:43:00,053 --> 00:43:01,791
(upbeat music)
757
00:43:01,791 --> 00:43:04,208
(explosions)
758
00:43:13,950 --> 00:43:17,347
As the evening clouds
roll in and the sunsets
759
00:43:17,347 --> 00:43:21,011
we prepare for a cold,
colorful and noisy night
760
00:43:21,011 --> 00:43:23,428
beside exploding Mount Fuego.
761
00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:30,313
(upbeat music and explosions)
762
00:43:57,453 --> 00:44:00,388
Perhaps the most famous
volcano in history,
763
00:44:00,388 --> 00:44:04,555
Mount Vesuvius in Southern Italy
exploded on April 24th 79AD
764
00:44:06,517 --> 00:44:08,651
completely covering the major city
765
00:44:08,651 --> 00:44:11,068
of Pompeii with ash and lava.
766
00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:16,836
For two days and nights the
volcano laid ruin to the city
767
00:44:16,836 --> 00:44:19,582
and killed almost every inhabitant.
768
00:44:19,582 --> 00:44:22,231
After the eruption Pompeii
was lost and forgotten
769
00:44:22,231 --> 00:44:24,314
for more than 1500 years.
770
00:44:26,283 --> 00:44:29,127
The late ash of the
pyroclastic flow of the volcano
771
00:44:29,127 --> 00:44:32,782
had the effect of perfectly
preserving Pompeii.
772
00:44:32,782 --> 00:44:35,102
Completely covering it so
that once it was dug up,
773
00:44:35,102 --> 00:44:37,227
starting in the 1740's,
774
00:44:37,227 --> 00:44:42,136
an amazing window into the
Roman empire was created.
775
00:44:42,136 --> 00:44:44,879
The archeologists of the 18th
century not only uncovered
776
00:44:44,879 --> 00:44:48,583
the architecture, sculpture,
art and housewares
777
00:44:48,583 --> 00:44:50,318
of the Roman era.
778
00:44:50,318 --> 00:44:53,007
Created at the the height
of the empires power,
779
00:44:53,007 --> 00:44:55,215
but they were also able
to carefully create
780
00:44:55,215 --> 00:44:57,661
casts of the bodies of
dozens of Roman citizens
781
00:44:57,661 --> 00:45:01,828
caught in their moment of death
at the hands of the volcano.
782
00:45:05,324 --> 00:45:07,659
They also uncovered a Pompeii brothel,
783
00:45:07,659 --> 00:45:11,290
complete with stone beds
and Frescoes well protected
784
00:45:11,290 --> 00:45:12,660
by the ash.
785
00:45:12,660 --> 00:45:16,827
(mumbles) the variety of offered services.
786
00:45:20,256 --> 00:45:23,475
For those of us who like
to explore active volcanoes
787
00:45:23,475 --> 00:45:27,160
it is sobering to see how these
dangerous forces of nature
788
00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:29,738
can wipe out the lives
and industry of people
789
00:45:29,738 --> 00:45:30,905
in an instant.
790
00:45:36,408 --> 00:45:39,719
And well Pompeii is gone,
Vesuvius is still here.
791
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:43,397
It had a major eruption
in 1944 at the height of
792
00:45:43,397 --> 00:45:44,906
World War II.
793
00:45:44,906 --> 00:45:47,195
And it now threatens not
just the roads and villages
794
00:45:47,195 --> 00:45:51,000
surrounding it but the major
city of Nepal's now expanding
795
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:53,583
into the flanks of the volcano.
796
00:45:55,628 --> 00:45:58,067
But Nepal's is not the only city in Italy
797
00:45:58,067 --> 00:45:59,847
threatened by volcanoes.
798
00:45:59,847 --> 00:46:02,821
So we head further south
to the biggest volcano
799
00:46:02,821 --> 00:46:05,642
in continental Europe Mount Etna.
800
00:46:05,642 --> 00:46:07,555
We meet with one of the
worlds leading experts
801
00:46:07,555 --> 00:46:08,989
on the volcano.
802
00:46:08,989 --> 00:46:10,794
Professor Carmelo (mumbles).
803
00:46:10,794 --> 00:46:14,219
- It is, actually Etna
is know for being an
804
00:46:14,219 --> 00:46:15,911
effusive volcano.
805
00:46:15,911 --> 00:46:18,512
So for giving rise to mostly (mumbles)
806
00:46:18,512 --> 00:46:21,555
meaning eruptions with a lot of flow.
807
00:46:21,555 --> 00:46:23,355
- [Narrator] (mumbles) shows
us some of the images shot
808
00:46:23,355 --> 00:46:26,039
of Etna in its many recent eruptions.
809
00:46:26,039 --> 00:46:28,206
(mumbles)
810
00:46:35,348 --> 00:46:38,330
(upbeat music)
811
00:46:38,330 --> 00:46:40,849
One of the most active
volcanoes in the world
812
00:46:40,849 --> 00:46:43,847
Etna is in a state of
almost constant activity.
813
00:46:43,847 --> 00:46:48,245
Known for large lava flows
and major damaging eruptions.
814
00:46:48,245 --> 00:46:50,828
(upbeat music)
815
00:46:54,261 --> 00:46:55,929
When it blows its top,
816
00:46:55,929 --> 00:46:58,762
it destroys everything in its way.
817
00:47:00,497 --> 00:47:03,360
With dozens of major eruptions
over the last century
818
00:47:03,360 --> 00:47:06,253
it poses a serious threat
to the nearby ski resorts,
819
00:47:06,253 --> 00:47:08,323
people and towns.
820
00:47:08,323 --> 00:47:10,906
(upbeat music)
821
00:47:22,915 --> 00:47:25,170
We headed out to see the volcano.
822
00:47:25,170 --> 00:47:27,247
But at this time of the
year Etna is not really
823
00:47:27,247 --> 00:47:29,914
interested in greeting visitors.
824
00:47:31,957 --> 00:47:33,972
Who knew we could expect such conditions
825
00:47:33,972 --> 00:47:36,322
at the southern tip of Italy.
826
00:47:36,322 --> 00:47:38,058
Certainly not our car rental company
827
00:47:38,058 --> 00:47:41,231
that gave us an under powered
car with no snow tires.
828
00:47:41,231 --> 00:47:42,543
- Let's go.
829
00:47:42,543 --> 00:47:44,392
- [Narrator] While I drive George shouts
830
00:47:44,392 --> 00:47:46,392
instructions and pushes.
831
00:47:51,701 --> 00:47:53,349
But the steep slush covered volcano is
832
00:47:53,349 --> 00:47:55,224
too much for the little car.
833
00:47:55,224 --> 00:47:57,891
So we have to abandon the climb.
834
00:47:59,135 --> 00:48:00,417
- [George] It's not about
getting to the top anymore
835
00:48:00,417 --> 00:48:03,465
it's about getting back down.
836
00:48:03,465 --> 00:48:04,817
Damned you Etna.
837
00:48:04,817 --> 00:48:05,650
Damn you.
838
00:48:12,173 --> 00:48:13,486
- [Narrator] It is disappointing for us,
839
00:48:13,486 --> 00:48:16,970
but we have a very promising
alternative to tackle.
840
00:48:16,970 --> 00:48:21,890
Mount Stromboli rises 1000
meters out of the Terrainian sea
841
00:48:21,890 --> 00:48:23,890
off the coast of Sicily.
842
00:48:28,931 --> 00:48:31,301
Beneath Stromboli a village of 700 people
843
00:48:31,301 --> 00:48:34,203
goes about its business
seemingly unphased by the
844
00:48:34,203 --> 00:48:36,484
threat of living in the
shadow of one of the
845
00:48:36,484 --> 00:48:38,901
worlds most active volcanoes.
846
00:48:42,195 --> 00:48:45,695
Our guide Zaza drives us in his micro bus.
847
00:48:46,893 --> 00:48:49,082
We navigate the incredibly narrow streets
848
00:48:49,082 --> 00:48:50,543
up to the base.
849
00:48:50,543 --> 00:48:52,886
The starting point for the 1000 meter trek
850
00:48:52,886 --> 00:48:54,230
to the summit.
851
00:48:54,230 --> 00:48:56,813
(upbeat music)
852
00:49:13,388 --> 00:49:15,301
The caution sign tells us to,
853
00:49:15,301 --> 00:49:18,336
beware do not trespass this limit.
854
00:49:18,336 --> 00:49:21,202
Risk of landslide and volcanic eruption.
855
00:49:21,202 --> 00:49:23,140
Which is pretty much what we came for
856
00:49:23,140 --> 00:49:26,686
so undaunted we keep trekking up the hill.
857
00:49:26,686 --> 00:49:28,851
This is where the climb gets tough.
858
00:49:28,851 --> 00:49:31,392
With steep terrain and tricky footing.
859
00:49:31,392 --> 00:49:35,392
But Zaza and his trustee
dog Pille know the way.
860
00:49:37,258 --> 00:49:39,087
- [George] This looks like the steep part.
861
00:49:39,087 --> 00:49:41,325
- [Narrator] Like most
volcanoes Stromboli soon becomes
862
00:49:41,325 --> 00:49:43,325
a 30 to 40 degree climb.
863
00:49:47,955 --> 00:49:52,122
Eventually we make it high
above the ocean at the summit.
864
00:49:55,818 --> 00:49:58,781
As the sun sets over
Stromboli I begin to find
865
00:49:58,781 --> 00:50:02,448
camera positions for
the evening light show.
866
00:50:09,062 --> 00:50:13,008
(speaking in a foreign language)
867
00:50:13,008 --> 00:50:15,098
Zaza tells us of his
passion for exploring this
868
00:50:15,098 --> 00:50:17,252
explosive volcano.
869
00:50:17,252 --> 00:50:21,335
(speaking in a foreign language)
870
00:50:50,864 --> 00:50:53,992
As darkness falls I get set
to film my climbing partners
871
00:50:53,992 --> 00:50:57,250
take on this spectacular show.
872
00:50:57,250 --> 00:50:58,989
- Well tonight it looks like there's
873
00:50:58,989 --> 00:51:00,765
four different vents that
are active on Stromboli.
874
00:51:00,765 --> 00:51:02,617
This one down here
behind me is spitting out
875
00:51:02,617 --> 00:51:03,450
a lot of gas,
876
00:51:03,450 --> 00:51:05,353
it's glowing but it's
not really exploding.
877
00:51:05,353 --> 00:51:07,961
If we get really lucky
we'll get one of these vents
878
00:51:07,961 --> 00:51:11,680
shooting a huge plume
of magma into the air.
879
00:51:11,680 --> 00:51:14,157
- [Narrator] And right on cue I get one.
880
00:51:14,157 --> 00:51:18,455
- [George] Oh yeah see,
that's what I'm talking about.
881
00:51:18,455 --> 00:51:20,054
That is a big eruption.
882
00:51:20,054 --> 00:51:21,509
- [Narrator] And that's
why around the world
883
00:51:21,509 --> 00:51:23,377
regular explosive eruptions are known
884
00:51:23,377 --> 00:51:25,608
as Strombolian eruptions.
885
00:51:25,608 --> 00:51:28,089
Because night after night, day after day
886
00:51:28,089 --> 00:51:30,832
Mount Stromboli has been
kicking them out for as long
887
00:51:30,832 --> 00:51:32,832
as mankind can remember.
888
00:51:36,367 --> 00:51:38,779
Unlike Italy a rich fertile
land dotted with a few
889
00:51:38,779 --> 00:51:42,640
scattered volcanoes, Iceland
is a vast bleak landscape
890
00:51:42,640 --> 00:51:44,890
of volcanic rock.
891
00:51:44,890 --> 00:51:49,647
Covered for much of the year
in snow and of course ice.
892
00:51:49,647 --> 00:51:52,004
We drive far out into
the Icelandic wilderness
893
00:51:52,004 --> 00:51:53,972
to see the volcanic bonanza.
894
00:51:53,972 --> 00:51:56,377
Including its most distinctive feature,
895
00:51:56,377 --> 00:52:00,181
hot water vents, fumerals and gysers.
896
00:52:00,181 --> 00:52:04,126
This one Geysir gave
the phenomenon its name.
897
00:52:04,126 --> 00:52:06,048
Following an earthquake in 2000 Geysir
898
00:52:06,048 --> 00:52:10,048
although still boiling
has become a bit dormant.
899
00:52:11,060 --> 00:52:15,227
Nearby it though is Stroker
which erupts regularly.
900
00:52:19,893 --> 00:52:21,633
Of course we had to get much
closer to it than you're
901
00:52:21,633 --> 00:52:23,466
really supposed to be.
902
00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:27,411
- I cannot recommend anyone
getting this close to a gyser.
903
00:52:27,411 --> 00:52:29,686
Because it's very, very dangerous.
904
00:52:29,686 --> 00:52:32,011
I've been watching it and timing it.
905
00:52:32,011 --> 00:52:35,378
I'll step back when it gets time to erupt.
906
00:52:35,378 --> 00:52:39,545
Just want to get in close
for a couple of pictures.
907
00:52:46,865 --> 00:52:49,397
- [Narrator] Warmed by the
eruptions of boiling water
908
00:52:49,397 --> 00:52:51,394
we head across the frozen landscape
909
00:52:51,394 --> 00:52:54,479
for a short sea passage
across a rough stretch of the
910
00:52:54,479 --> 00:52:56,766
North Atlantic to take us to the off shore
911
00:52:56,766 --> 00:52:59,159
Island of (mumbles).
912
00:52:59,159 --> 00:53:00,679
There are a number of possible impediments
913
00:53:00,679 --> 00:53:02,789
to exploring volcanoes.
914
00:53:02,789 --> 00:53:05,206
Add sea sickness to the list.
915
00:53:07,498 --> 00:53:10,747
We begin driving across
the windswept tiny island.
916
00:53:10,747 --> 00:53:15,062
Where in the middle of the
night on January 23rd 1973
917
00:53:15,062 --> 00:53:16,645
the earth exploded.
918
00:53:21,170 --> 00:53:23,866
At 2 AM completely without
warning the dormant (mumbles)
919
00:53:23,866 --> 00:53:26,033
volcano violently erupted.
920
00:53:27,164 --> 00:53:29,801
A three kilometer (mumbles)
in the earth opened up
921
00:53:29,801 --> 00:53:31,950
and out poured red hot lava.
922
00:53:31,950 --> 00:53:35,329
Flowing at the speed of
199 cubic meters per second
923
00:53:35,329 --> 00:53:39,070
threatening the people,
buildings and livestock
924
00:53:39,070 --> 00:53:40,237
of the island.
925
00:53:41,542 --> 00:53:43,794
Amazingly calm and well
organized the people
926
00:53:43,794 --> 00:53:47,883
led by emergency services
mobilized within minutes
927
00:53:47,883 --> 00:53:50,597
to mount the largest air sea evacuation
928
00:53:50,597 --> 00:53:52,347
in Icelandic history.
929
00:53:53,377 --> 00:53:57,544
5000 people were transported
off the island within hours.
930
00:53:59,239 --> 00:54:01,875
The flowing lava and tons of volcanic ash
931
00:54:01,875 --> 00:54:03,792
begun burying the town.
932
00:54:13,219 --> 00:54:15,440
Once people were safely off the island,
933
00:54:15,440 --> 00:54:18,598
the major threat was to
(mumbles) most important feature,
934
00:54:18,598 --> 00:54:19,515
the harbor.
935
00:54:20,432 --> 00:54:22,736
The massive lava flows
threatened to seal off
936
00:54:22,736 --> 00:54:25,033
the channel entrance.
937
00:54:25,033 --> 00:54:27,343
A plan was devised to stop the flow
938
00:54:27,343 --> 00:54:30,443
by cooling the lava with sea water.
939
00:54:30,443 --> 00:54:32,139
For months millions of gallons
940
00:54:32,139 --> 00:54:35,722
of cold seawater were
pumped onto the lava.
941
00:54:45,956 --> 00:54:48,350
Eventually the Icelanders
stopped the flow and (mumbles)
942
00:54:48,350 --> 00:54:51,850
thrives today 25% larger than before.
943
00:54:53,905 --> 00:54:57,003
As we head up to explore
the top of the volcano
944
00:54:57,003 --> 00:55:01,170
we run into the remnants
of some Icelandic weather.
945
00:55:05,549 --> 00:55:06,966
- [George] Oh no.
946
00:55:12,331 --> 00:55:15,498
Okay the car has sort of bottomed out.
947
00:55:16,976 --> 00:55:19,313
- [Narrator] So we abandon the van for now
948
00:55:19,313 --> 00:55:21,720
and head up to the crater on foot.
949
00:55:21,720 --> 00:55:25,887
A crater that was only a
short time ago an inferno.
950
00:55:26,970 --> 00:55:29,708
Not long ago over 1000 degrees,
951
00:55:29,708 --> 00:55:33,875
today it is covered with wind
scoured ice and crusty snow.
952
00:55:36,582 --> 00:55:38,125
- Here's the crater of the volcano,
953
00:55:38,125 --> 00:55:41,868
this is the source of all the
lava that flowed into town.
954
00:55:41,868 --> 00:55:44,938
It's so unbelievably windy right now.
955
00:55:44,938 --> 00:55:46,499
- [Narrator] Today the big
danger is getting blown
956
00:55:46,499 --> 00:55:47,916
off the mountain.
957
00:55:48,923 --> 00:55:51,481
And if George is having
trouble standing upright,
958
00:55:51,481 --> 00:55:54,970
imagine the issues I'm having
with the camera and tripod.
959
00:55:54,970 --> 00:55:56,093
- It really is like hell on earth.
960
00:55:56,093 --> 00:55:58,093
Another planet entirely.
961
00:56:03,763 --> 00:56:05,776
- Let's go to Turkey now where we find
962
00:56:05,776 --> 00:56:08,282
some rather ordinary looking volcanoes.
963
00:56:08,282 --> 00:56:11,338
All of them either extinct or dormant
964
00:56:11,338 --> 00:56:13,096
that have created one of the worlds
965
00:56:13,096 --> 00:56:15,287
most extraordinary landscapes.
966
00:56:15,287 --> 00:56:18,443
Massive volcanic eruptions
300 million years ago
967
00:56:18,443 --> 00:56:21,361
laid down a deep layer of
weak volcanic (mumbles).
968
00:56:21,361 --> 00:56:23,927
With an overlay of harder
ash from a second series
969
00:56:23,927 --> 00:56:25,408
of eruptions.
970
00:56:25,408 --> 00:56:27,927
Years of erosion have
created the wildly shaped
971
00:56:27,927 --> 00:56:31,750
(mumbles) known as fairy
chimneys seen today.
972
00:56:31,750 --> 00:56:34,648
Geothermal activity seldom
has a positive result.
973
00:56:34,648 --> 00:56:38,665
The many Roman ruins throughout
Turkey are a good example.
974
00:56:38,665 --> 00:56:41,588
Many are now wrecked by earthquake damage.
975
00:56:41,588 --> 00:56:43,586
(mumbles) is quite different
for here the remains
976
00:56:43,586 --> 00:56:47,397
of volcanic activity have been
turned over 100's of years
977
00:56:47,397 --> 00:56:51,044
into an extraordinary
collection of dugout houses,
978
00:56:51,044 --> 00:56:54,486
churches and even underground cities.
979
00:56:54,486 --> 00:56:57,186
The churches and Monasteries
are especially impressive
980
00:56:57,186 --> 00:56:59,609
with most of the volcanic
cave walls painted
981
00:56:59,609 --> 00:57:01,104
with (mumbles).
982
00:57:01,104 --> 00:57:03,649
Many of these (mumbles) are
still in excellent shape,
983
00:57:03,649 --> 00:57:07,732
others defaced by graffiti
from the 19th century.
984
00:57:08,814 --> 00:57:11,623
The people of Capadocia
carve not just houses, barns
985
00:57:11,623 --> 00:57:15,204
and churches but also
elaborate underground cities
986
00:57:15,204 --> 00:57:17,537
from the soft volcanic rock.
987
00:57:20,166 --> 00:57:23,608
This is the (mumbles) underground city.
988
00:57:23,608 --> 00:57:27,261
This is the storage
room, the second room in.
989
00:57:27,261 --> 00:57:30,453
They didn't really make
them for people my size.
990
00:57:30,453 --> 00:57:32,366
Especially not those tunnels.
991
00:57:32,366 --> 00:57:33,428
This is the first floor,
992
00:57:33,428 --> 00:57:35,602
going down three or four more floors.
993
00:57:35,602 --> 00:57:37,856
So believe it or not people
who lived in these caves
994
00:57:37,856 --> 00:57:41,435
and built these caves were
so paranoid about strangers
995
00:57:41,435 --> 00:57:45,510
coming in to steal their
wine or attack them
996
00:57:45,510 --> 00:57:49,328
that they built and placed
these giant rock wheels
997
00:57:49,328 --> 00:57:51,998
to roll across in front
of the entrance ways
998
00:57:51,998 --> 00:57:54,886
so that they could protect themselves
999
00:57:54,886 --> 00:57:56,894
from strangers attacking them.
1000
00:57:56,894 --> 00:57:59,917
(upbeat music)
1001
00:57:59,917 --> 00:58:02,403
One of the most iconic
symbols of the area today
1002
00:58:02,403 --> 00:58:04,437
are the whirling (mumbles).
1003
00:58:04,437 --> 00:58:06,574
A traditional cult like dance movement
1004
00:58:06,574 --> 00:58:09,867
that appears to mimic a
cross between a human volcano
1005
00:58:09,867 --> 00:58:11,534
and a human tornado.
1006
00:58:15,463 --> 00:58:17,888
As always the rich volcanic soils provide
1007
00:58:17,888 --> 00:58:20,888
great opportunities for agriculture.
1008
00:58:38,513 --> 00:58:39,467
Thank you.
1009
00:58:39,467 --> 00:58:41,161
The grape pickers were willing to share
1010
00:58:41,161 --> 00:58:43,267
their rich harvest bounty with me.
1011
00:58:43,267 --> 00:58:45,240
But like a lot of photographic subjects
1012
00:58:45,240 --> 00:58:47,655
eventually began to wonder
how many shots I needed
1013
00:58:47,655 --> 00:58:48,988
to take of them.
1014
00:59:06,513 --> 00:59:09,583
Undeterred I head into
town to film their sisters
1015
00:59:09,583 --> 00:59:13,750
boiling down the grapes
over a wood fire into jam.
1016
00:59:15,950 --> 00:59:18,610
Today people are finding all
kinds of new opportunities
1017
00:59:18,610 --> 00:59:21,804
to mine a living from
the volcanic landscape.
1018
00:59:21,804 --> 00:59:24,562
Omar (mumbles) turned
a collection of ancient
1019
00:59:24,562 --> 00:59:28,729
cave dwellings into the
extraordinary Museum Hotel.
1020
00:59:30,178 --> 00:59:34,329
- This is the first concept
and the first luxury
1021
00:59:34,329 --> 00:59:35,934
concept in the area.
1022
00:59:35,934 --> 00:59:40,101
And the reason because I
restore the natural caves,
1023
00:59:41,438 --> 00:59:44,096
which is being used at 1000's of years
1024
00:59:44,096 --> 00:59:47,672
and turned it a luxury accommodation.
1025
00:59:47,672 --> 00:59:50,370
Plus we have lovely pools and restaurants
1026
00:59:50,370 --> 00:59:52,384
and great stuff.
1027
00:59:52,384 --> 00:59:54,482
And then lovely clients.
1028
00:59:54,482 --> 00:59:57,127
- You may be in a cave in this hotel,
1029
00:59:57,127 --> 01:00:01,294
but it's the most elegantly
appointed cave in the world.
1030
01:00:03,305 --> 01:00:05,976
With this hotel completed
(mumbles) is now exploring
1031
01:00:05,976 --> 01:00:08,974
the potential for
geothermal energy creation,
1032
01:00:08,974 --> 01:00:12,138
using the volcanic ally
heated steam and water
1033
01:00:12,138 --> 01:00:14,472
deep beneath Capadocia.
1034
01:00:14,472 --> 01:00:18,472
- No body believe me (mumbles).
1035
01:00:25,650 --> 01:00:27,109
The main things now first of all
1036
01:00:27,109 --> 01:00:29,588
outside the national park area,
1037
01:00:29,588 --> 01:00:33,088
I'd like to build electric power stations.
1038
01:00:35,280 --> 01:00:39,350
Because we have a (mumbles)
1039
01:00:39,350 --> 01:00:43,389
nearly 750 kilometers
squared and through that
1040
01:00:43,389 --> 01:00:46,472
where we're going to put our drilling
1041
01:00:47,957 --> 01:00:51,540
and find the hot waters
to electric energy,
1042
01:00:52,421 --> 01:00:55,211
green houses and thermal hot houses.
1043
01:00:55,211 --> 01:00:58,074
This is going to be one
of the best thermal spa
1044
01:00:58,074 --> 01:01:00,614
hotels area in the world probably.
1045
01:01:00,614 --> 01:01:03,957
And then we're going to
have lots of electric.
1046
01:01:03,957 --> 01:01:05,951
- [Narrator] Hot water
geothermal energy is (mumbles),
1047
01:01:05,951 --> 01:01:09,618
but the hot air balloon
industry is booming.
1048
01:01:11,510 --> 01:01:13,537
The volcanic flames and heat that created
1049
01:01:13,537 --> 01:01:16,858
this wild landscape have
been replaced by burning gas,
1050
01:01:16,858 --> 01:01:19,748
also of course created
deep inside the earth,
1051
01:01:19,748 --> 01:01:22,444
the fuels the 100's of hot
air balloons now floating
1052
01:01:22,444 --> 01:01:23,694
over Capadocia.
1053
01:01:25,127 --> 01:01:27,710
(upbeat music)
1054
01:01:33,144 --> 01:01:35,534
Every morning flames light
up the sky as the balloons
1055
01:01:35,534 --> 01:01:38,213
drift eastward like phantoms through
1056
01:01:38,213 --> 01:01:39,923
the fairy tale landscape.
1057
01:01:39,923 --> 01:01:42,506
(upbeat music)
1058
01:02:36,282 --> 01:02:38,029
- [Pilot] If the walls
of the caves are flat
1059
01:02:38,029 --> 01:02:40,128
then it's meant for people.
1060
01:02:40,128 --> 01:02:42,792
But if it's with arches and columns,
1061
01:02:42,792 --> 01:02:44,686
especially like the one
you see the little car,
1062
01:02:44,686 --> 01:02:46,096
grey car over there,
1063
01:02:46,096 --> 01:02:48,895
you see how beautifully
arched the entrance is?
1064
01:02:48,895 --> 01:02:50,720
That's a sign that there's a church
1065
01:02:50,720 --> 01:02:53,276
or a chapel behind that one.
1066
01:02:53,276 --> 01:02:55,859
(upbeat music)
1067
01:03:07,617 --> 01:03:09,912
- [Narrator] Our pilot fills
me in with two theories
1068
01:03:09,912 --> 01:03:12,826
about the volcanoes
that created Capidocia.
1069
01:03:12,826 --> 01:03:16,531
- Mount (mumbles) in the clouds
over there on the east side,
1070
01:03:16,531 --> 01:03:20,698
Mount Hasan and the other
argument is that there were dozens
1071
01:03:21,909 --> 01:03:26,076
of volcanic eruptions in this
area, it's small eruptions.
1072
01:03:29,301 --> 01:03:31,753
- [Narrator] And with that
he creates a small eruption
1073
01:03:31,753 --> 01:03:32,670
of his own.
1074
01:03:50,057 --> 01:03:52,344
Hot air balloons and micro helicopters
1075
01:03:52,344 --> 01:03:56,011
allow us to get above
terrestrial volcanoes.
1076
01:03:57,006 --> 01:03:59,210
Submersibles allow us to get down
1077
01:03:59,210 --> 01:04:01,770
to witness them under the ocean.
1078
01:04:01,770 --> 01:04:03,903
They have enabled scientists
to make one of the
1079
01:04:03,903 --> 01:04:08,114
most surprising discoveries in
the history of oceanography.
1080
01:04:08,114 --> 01:04:11,447
Underwater hydro thermal volcanic vents.
1081
01:04:12,455 --> 01:04:14,954
The Canadian underwater
explorer and adventurer
1082
01:04:14,954 --> 01:04:19,121
Phil Nuytten remembers the
extraordinary find made in 1977.
1083
01:04:20,198 --> 01:04:21,775
- The discovery of the
heat vat is certainly
1084
01:04:21,775 --> 01:04:23,840
well known to me.
1085
01:04:23,840 --> 01:04:26,110
A couple friends of mine
were onboard the vessel
1086
01:04:26,110 --> 01:04:29,313
and the submarine that found
the very first heat vent
1087
01:04:29,313 --> 01:04:31,896
of the Galapagos and they were,
1088
01:04:32,925 --> 01:04:36,967
too say blown away is a
complete understatement.
1089
01:04:36,967 --> 01:04:38,901
- [Narrator] Until then no
one knew there were volcanoes
1090
01:04:38,901 --> 01:04:41,431
venting deep in the oceans.
1091
01:04:41,431 --> 01:04:44,661
But the scientists made an
even more amazing discovery.
1092
01:04:44,661 --> 01:04:48,077
Colonies of life never
before thought possible,
1093
01:04:48,077 --> 01:04:52,364
in such an extreme and
hostile environment.
1094
01:04:52,364 --> 01:04:57,158
- Life without sun, here
we have life that is not
1095
01:04:57,158 --> 01:04:58,941
based on sunlight.
1096
01:04:58,941 --> 01:05:01,392
It's based not on photosynthesis
but on chemo-synthesis
1097
01:05:01,392 --> 01:05:05,559
taking the energy and the fuel
directly from the heat vent.
1098
01:05:07,995 --> 01:05:09,781
- [Narrator] The remarkable
discovery turned the science
1099
01:05:09,781 --> 01:05:12,281
of marine biology upside down.
1100
01:05:13,548 --> 01:05:15,751
- The incredibly exciting
thing about this environment
1101
01:05:15,751 --> 01:05:18,165
these animals are found in,
the black smoker environment,
1102
01:05:18,165 --> 01:05:20,994
is how phenomenally hostile
this environment is.
1103
01:05:20,994 --> 01:05:23,302
It is a place that is hot and cold,
1104
01:05:23,302 --> 01:05:26,850
hot like 700 or 800 degrees,
cold like close to freezing
1105
01:05:26,850 --> 01:05:28,617
a few centimeters away.
1106
01:05:28,617 --> 01:05:30,632
It's an environment that's toxic,
1107
01:05:30,632 --> 01:05:33,463
hydrogen sulfide is coming
out under extreme pressure,
1108
01:05:33,463 --> 01:05:36,963
and this is a gas that'll kill
you dead if you breathe it.
1109
01:05:36,963 --> 01:05:40,166
Now what's intriguing is until
this ecosystem was discovered
1110
01:05:40,166 --> 01:05:42,711
only 30 years ago, really this wasn't,
1111
01:05:42,711 --> 01:05:45,360
there was no understanding
that animals could possibly
1112
01:05:45,360 --> 01:05:48,277
live under such hostile conditions.
1113
01:05:50,300 --> 01:05:52,160
- [Narrator] Of course
what is truly exciting this
1114
01:05:52,160 --> 01:05:54,436
to scientists like Chris Harvey Clark
1115
01:05:54,436 --> 01:05:56,957
is that it opens up much
broader possibilities
1116
01:05:56,957 --> 01:05:59,544
for life on other planets.
1117
01:05:59,544 --> 01:06:02,435
- Well in the deep sea vents
hydrogen sulfide is energy
1118
01:06:02,435 --> 01:06:05,079
and so we have the sort
of upside down ecosystem.
1119
01:06:05,079 --> 01:06:06,826
Up here we've got sun coming down,
1120
01:06:06,826 --> 01:06:09,087
down there we got hydrogen
sulfide and other energy rich
1121
01:06:09,087 --> 01:06:12,245
compounds coming up out of the magma,
1122
01:06:12,245 --> 01:06:14,828
really the mantle of the earth.
1123
01:06:16,406 --> 01:06:17,992
- [Narrator] It is of
course extremely difficult
1124
01:06:17,992 --> 01:06:21,130
and expensive to visit undersea volcanoes.
1125
01:06:21,130 --> 01:06:23,325
But from time to time
volcanoes burst forth
1126
01:06:23,325 --> 01:06:27,059
from the sea and create brand new islands.
1127
01:06:27,059 --> 01:06:29,920
When I heard that a new one
had been created in Tonga
1128
01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:31,744
I determined to see it.
1129
01:06:31,744 --> 01:06:33,666
I traveled there through New Zealand,
1130
01:06:33,666 --> 01:06:35,851
where we first checked
out some more established
1131
01:06:35,851 --> 01:06:37,601
Polynesian volcanoes.
1132
01:06:39,205 --> 01:06:41,215
In order to get a better
sense of what to expect
1133
01:06:41,215 --> 01:06:43,888
on the brand new volcanic island of Tonga
1134
01:06:43,888 --> 01:06:46,336
we visited a small volcano
off the coast of New Zealand
1135
01:06:46,336 --> 01:06:48,003
called White Island.
1136
01:07:00,941 --> 01:07:03,098
This rugged island is
brimming with gas vents,
1137
01:07:03,098 --> 01:07:05,515
fumerals and giant mud pools.
1138
01:07:08,938 --> 01:07:11,167
White island is one of the
most active volcanic sites
1139
01:07:11,167 --> 01:07:12,638
in New Zealand.
1140
01:07:12,638 --> 01:07:16,638
And the energy is vented
with astonishing power.
1141
01:07:19,562 --> 01:07:22,449
This is one of the most intense
fumerals I've ever seen.
1142
01:07:22,449 --> 01:07:25,291
We wanted to get in closer to it.
1143
01:07:25,291 --> 01:07:28,429
Out guide has a sense of
how close one can get to it.
1144
01:07:28,429 --> 01:07:30,456
- [Guide] Pretty much as
far as we can really go.
1145
01:07:30,456 --> 01:07:32,316
- [George] Really, can't
get a little closer?
1146
01:07:32,316 --> 01:07:35,163
- [Guide] You can but
you can go by yourself.
1147
01:07:35,163 --> 01:07:38,113
- You can go it by yourself.
1148
01:07:38,113 --> 01:07:40,334
Meaning I'm not going the hell up there.
1149
01:07:40,334 --> 01:07:42,553
All right well I'll go to the end of the
1150
01:07:42,553 --> 01:07:44,238
sulfurous rocks here.
1151
01:07:44,238 --> 01:07:47,347
- Yeah if that steam does
turn, put on your gas mask.
1152
01:07:47,347 --> 01:07:50,649
- Oh I'll put on my gas
mask now, just in case.
1153
01:07:50,649 --> 01:07:53,316
Taking each step very carefully.
1154
01:07:57,156 --> 01:07:58,908
- [Narrator] The terrain here
at the White Island volcano
1155
01:07:58,908 --> 01:08:03,075
gives glues as to what the new
Tongan volcano may look like.
1156
01:08:04,434 --> 01:08:06,090
The cracks on the ground give a sense
1157
01:08:06,090 --> 01:08:08,423
of how unstable the land is.
1158
01:08:09,646 --> 01:08:11,700
The power of the steam
pouring out of the ground
1159
01:08:11,700 --> 01:08:12,700
is enormous.
1160
01:08:14,929 --> 01:08:18,395
- I'd love to get a bit
closer but the ground
1161
01:08:18,395 --> 01:08:22,127
all around all around this
(mumbles) is all very soft
1162
01:08:22,127 --> 01:08:24,190
and very unstable.
1163
01:08:24,190 --> 01:08:28,330
- [Narrator] And we soon
discover how unstable.
1164
01:08:28,330 --> 01:08:30,747
(explosions)
1165
01:08:32,368 --> 01:08:36,451
- Oh man part of the crater
wall just broke away.
1166
01:08:37,777 --> 01:08:40,682
- [Narrator] While we
film the fumeral there was
1167
01:08:40,682 --> 01:08:42,767
a little seismic shift
and a landslide of rocks
1168
01:08:42,767 --> 01:08:44,517
fell down this cliff.
1169
01:08:45,486 --> 01:08:49,653
Nothing like a volcanic rock
slide to liven up your day.
1170
01:08:50,814 --> 01:08:53,403
New Zealand is located on
the volcanic ring of fire,
1171
01:08:53,403 --> 01:08:57,570
and there's evidence of
geothermal activity everywhere.
1172
01:09:00,991 --> 01:09:03,631
The hotbed for New Zealand
volcanism is the area
1173
01:09:03,631 --> 01:09:06,130
of (mumbles) on the North Island.
1174
01:09:06,130 --> 01:09:10,213
Full of gysers, mud pools
and exploding fumerals.
1175
01:09:13,606 --> 01:09:16,063
They even cook their food
here from the intense heat
1176
01:09:16,063 --> 01:09:18,230
that flows from the earth.
1177
01:09:21,648 --> 01:09:23,675
The most spectacular piece
of New Zealand volcanism
1178
01:09:23,675 --> 01:09:26,327
is the (mumbles) gyser.
1179
01:09:26,327 --> 01:09:28,827
(mumbles) means explosion (mumbles)
1180
01:09:28,827 --> 01:09:31,931
and that's what it does
about 20 times a day.
1181
01:09:31,931 --> 01:09:36,098
Blasting boiling hot water
over 35 meters into the air.
1182
01:09:40,481 --> 01:09:43,073
From New Zealand we fly
north to Tonga to board
1183
01:09:43,073 --> 01:09:47,416
the fishing boat that will
take is out to the new island.
1184
01:09:47,416 --> 01:09:50,073
And try to figure out how
we will actually get onto
1185
01:09:50,073 --> 01:09:53,406
this some what forbidding piece of land.
1186
01:10:12,621 --> 01:10:13,924
Little did we know at that point that,
1187
01:10:13,924 --> 01:10:16,674
that is the option we'd be using.
1188
01:10:18,300 --> 01:10:20,963
The big swells of the Pacific
send my volcano chasing
1189
01:10:20,963 --> 01:10:22,779
partner to his bunk.
1190
01:10:22,779 --> 01:10:26,946
Well I film the crew bailing
out the leaky old fishing boat.
1191
01:10:43,230 --> 01:10:45,288
As the long bumpy voyage drags on
1192
01:10:45,288 --> 01:10:47,591
George has even bigger problems.
1193
01:10:47,591 --> 01:10:50,341
(dramatic music)
1194
01:10:57,327 --> 01:11:01,244
- Just hit a big wave
and I rolled off the side
1195
01:11:03,735 --> 01:11:07,902
and my eye went right into
the corner of this table.
1196
01:11:08,807 --> 01:11:10,255
If it had been two centimeters
lower it would have gone
1197
01:11:10,255 --> 01:11:11,755
right into my eye.
1198
01:11:13,761 --> 01:11:16,678
Holy cow the whole bench fell over.
1199
01:11:20,689 --> 01:11:22,886
- We administer some
first aid with the island
1200
01:11:22,886 --> 01:11:24,303
finally in sight.
1201
01:11:33,507 --> 01:11:36,365
- We're trying the edge of this one here
1202
01:11:36,365 --> 01:11:38,947
and have a look at it.
1203
01:11:38,947 --> 01:11:40,790
- [Narrator] As we approach
the island yet another problem.
1204
01:11:40,790 --> 01:11:43,509
The ships boat has broken free
1205
01:11:43,509 --> 01:11:46,284
and the crew must retrieve it.
1206
01:11:46,284 --> 01:11:49,034
(dramatic music)
1207
01:11:54,243 --> 01:11:57,439
Finally we get it back, get aboard,
1208
01:11:57,439 --> 01:12:01,439
with the usual difficulty
get the motor started.
1209
01:12:04,851 --> 01:12:07,547
We head for the new
island but as predicted
1210
01:12:07,547 --> 01:12:11,714
since we can't land in the
surf we have to swim to shore.
1211
01:12:15,493 --> 01:12:18,721
George lands first and
films me swimming in,
1212
01:12:18,721 --> 01:12:21,434
using a stylish backstroke.
1213
01:12:21,434 --> 01:12:23,481
Soon like Robinson Crusoe,
1214
01:12:23,481 --> 01:12:27,648
we're leaving new footprints
of the freshly minted beach.
1215
01:12:30,883 --> 01:12:33,163
The crusty lava bombs look like solid rock
1216
01:12:33,163 --> 01:12:35,912
but are very easily broken into dust.
1217
01:12:35,912 --> 01:12:37,772
In theory at least it's
probably one of the most
1218
01:12:37,772 --> 01:12:40,951
unstable and dangerous places on earth.
1219
01:12:40,951 --> 01:12:43,352
It could easily begin to erupt again.
1220
01:12:43,352 --> 01:12:47,535
And the still warm lava could
just slide back into the sea.
1221
01:12:47,535 --> 01:12:49,907
The air filled (mumbles)
that created the new island
1222
01:12:49,907 --> 01:12:52,103
is still very unstable.
1223
01:12:52,103 --> 01:12:55,713
Any seismic event could
smash it to pieces.
1224
01:12:55,713 --> 01:12:57,973
The crusty lava bombs look like solid rock
1225
01:12:57,973 --> 01:13:00,640
but are easily broken into dust.
1226
01:13:04,662 --> 01:13:07,302
We discover a crater filled
with near boiling water
1227
01:13:07,302 --> 01:13:10,385
that is the epicenter of the volcano.
1228
01:13:13,144 --> 01:13:14,910
- Despite all the problems
and difficulties getting here,
1229
01:13:14,910 --> 01:13:18,827
what a rush, being on
the newest land on earth.
1230
01:13:20,352 --> 01:13:22,731
- [Narrator] Only four people
had ever visited the island
1231
01:13:22,731 --> 01:13:25,314
before George and I went on it.
1232
01:13:26,586 --> 01:13:29,374
More people have been on
the surface of the moon
1233
01:13:29,374 --> 01:13:33,041
than had at that time
visited Hunga Ha'apai.
1234
01:13:40,107 --> 01:13:41,643
As a volcano to visit I can't really
1235
01:13:41,643 --> 01:13:44,294
recommend Hunga Ha'apai.
1236
01:13:44,294 --> 01:13:47,448
It's almost as inaccessible as
the spectacular but famously
1237
01:13:47,448 --> 01:13:51,159
difficult to see volcanoes of (mumbles)
1238
01:13:51,159 --> 01:13:52,659
in eastern Russia.
1239
01:13:55,351 --> 01:13:57,709
Know if you want spectacular volcanoes,
1240
01:13:57,709 --> 01:13:59,979
fairly safe and easy to visit,
1241
01:13:59,979 --> 01:14:03,538
the place to go is The
Big Island of Hawaii.
1242
01:14:03,538 --> 01:14:07,503
In fact the two largest ones (mumbles)
1243
01:14:07,503 --> 01:14:09,963
you can drive to the top of.
1244
01:14:09,963 --> 01:14:12,828
They're along way up so be
prepared for the effects
1245
01:14:12,828 --> 01:14:15,004
of high altitudes.
1246
01:14:15,004 --> 01:14:18,377
In fact measured from its base
at the bottom of the ocean
1247
01:14:18,377 --> 01:14:21,750
Mauna Kea is 33 thousand feet high,
1248
01:14:21,750 --> 01:14:24,135
much higher than Mount Everest.
1249
01:14:24,135 --> 01:14:27,823
Both Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa
are scientific observatories.
1250
01:14:27,823 --> 01:14:31,534
Picked for their high
altitudes and clear air.
1251
01:14:31,534 --> 01:14:33,351
Telescopes peer into the heavens,
1252
01:14:33,351 --> 01:14:35,994
while an array of instruments
monitor conditions
1253
01:14:35,994 --> 01:14:37,161
here on earth.
1254
01:14:38,864 --> 01:14:42,395
Mauna Loa the largest
volcano on earth erupted most
1255
01:14:42,395 --> 01:14:43,812
recently in 1984.
1256
01:14:45,279 --> 01:14:48,698
Since the million year
old Mauna Kea is dormant
1257
01:14:48,698 --> 01:14:52,082
the explosive dangers
there are non existent.
1258
01:14:52,082 --> 01:14:54,749
However there is considerable
protest and controversy
1259
01:14:54,749 --> 01:14:58,429
over the use of what are
considered sacred volcano peaks
1260
01:14:58,429 --> 01:15:02,096
for this (mumbles) purpose.
1261
01:15:05,032 --> 01:15:07,214
When it is flowing which
it's been doing for the last
1262
01:15:07,214 --> 01:15:10,976
30 years Kilauea is quite
possibly the most spectacular
1263
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volcano in the world.
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And you can see it by helicopter.
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We take to the air hoping
to get a unique perspective
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on some moving lava.
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One can really get a sense from up here
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of how massive and
destructive this volcano is.
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Kilauea is a shield volcano,
rather than creating a cone
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like a typical stratovolcano,
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the vary viscus lava of Kilauea
spreads over a wide area.
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The volcano destroyed a subdivision,
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many roads and today flows
through in rivers of lava
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and erupting lava fountains to the sea.
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But the only way to get close
to Kilauea is by walking.
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It's a five hour hike carrying
your camera gear with you.
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01:16:22,023 --> 01:16:24,007
And I assure you the tripod I was carrying
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was about 20 times heavier
than that little one.
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01:16:27,066 --> 01:16:29,816
(dramatic music)
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You can see from the distant smoke plumes,
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how far we still have to go.
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It is well worth the long walk,
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when you get to the spot where
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the hot lava enters the pacific,
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01:16:49,120 --> 01:16:52,120
and even better once darkness falls.
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(dramatic music)
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Hawaii's big island is
a fascinating struggle
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between the forces of volcanic creation
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battling the conflicting
forces of marine erosion.
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Since you can get so close it
also offers the opportunity
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for volcano (mumbles) to do
some dumb and silly things.
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- My boot caught on fire.
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It's unbearably hot here.
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This lava is 2000 degrees.
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01:17:26,399 --> 01:17:29,389
I'm getting dry roasted
just standing next to it.
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01:17:29,389 --> 01:17:31,295
- [Narrator] And to take in
one of the most magnificent
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01:17:31,295 --> 01:17:32,628
sites of nature.
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(upbeat music)
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