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[Narrator]
By the early 16th century...
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European painting had advanced
to a position of mastery.
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At a time of fast-developing exploration...
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it was prized for its ability
to collect and display...
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the contents of the known world
in the most vivid fashion.
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Emphasis was laid on painterly artifice—
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the tricks whereby artists
could conjure up...
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an illusion of three dimensions,
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The most prized illusions
were those achieved.
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through the principles
of perspective.
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The strict rules of perspective
arose out of a desire...
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to systematize representation
by analyzing the processes...
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whereby the eye
construes forms spatially.
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This diagram from a painter's manual.
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suggests how a shape on the floor...
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is projected onto the retina,
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It is as if threads were to link
each corner of that shape...
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to the viewer's stationary eye.
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Drawing the threads out...
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the viewer realizes
a perfect geometrical relationship...
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to what is visible.
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But such a perfect relationship...
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almost cries out to be subverted.
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The meticulous mechanism
of perspective...
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Is something that
can also be tampered with.
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An object such as a chair
set strictly in perspective...
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- [ Gears Whirring ]
- may be shunted just as strictly...
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out of perspective.
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In ordinary circumstances...
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our gaze is free to roam in space
across the changing aspect of objects...
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gauging their true shape.
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That is why our eyes...
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can normally guide us safely
through the environment.
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The effects of anamorphoss...
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rely on forcing the eye...
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to look out from a single fixed point
such as a peephole.
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This 16th century woodcut.
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offers a fascinating visual puzzle.
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Only by turning the picture sideways...
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can the viewer make sense of the image.
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The celebrities of the age lie concealed.
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amid a perplexing array of
nonsensical forms...
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and misleading diversions,
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-[ Horns Sounding ]
-[ Dogs Barking ]
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In this second woodcut,
we are given easy access...
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to the scene of an old man
embracing his young wife.
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Initially withheld, a second meaning...
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emerges into unmistakable focus.
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“Out, you old fool?”
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The young wife has now
made her choice of lover.
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As well as hiding secrets
in the secular world.
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anamorphosis can enhance
the mystery of the numinous.
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In this anonymous religious painting...
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peepholes bored through
the side of the frame...
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direct the eye to the holy images...
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hidden within the confusion,
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[Seagull Squawking I
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- [Wood Creaking ]
- [Water Lapping I
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[Bell Tolling]
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Crammed with visual red herrings...
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this picture might be thought...
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to parody the fumblings
of the spiritually blind.
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There is only one way
to true vision.
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Painted on the wall
of a cloister in Rome...
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a 17th century landscape...
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with pilgrims, ships and towns...
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is overwhelmed
by incoherent shapes.
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Anamorphosis is a most powerful device...
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for controlling understanding.
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It may be used whimsically to amuse...
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or else it can provoke and instruct,
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An image grasped too quickly...
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might not leave a lasting impression.
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To lead the eye slowly
through incomprehension...
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and then to offer a resolution
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that is insight,
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Anamorphosis thrives on mystery...
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and its masters
rarely give away their secrets.
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Here we peep at that apparatus
which Emmanuel Maignan...
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supposedly used to construct.
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his anamorphic fresco of St. Francis.
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[ Children Chattering I
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[Bell Ringing ]
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Ifanamorphosis is the art of
delaying access to deeper meaning...
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then we must learn
to wait for revelation.
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[Ringing Continues ]
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The Ambassadors.
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A mystery in two acts.
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On one level,
Hans Holbein's famous painting...
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Is a gorgeous display
of enviable riches.
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Well-nourished and confident.
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the ambassadors pose
beside the emblems...
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of their knowledge
and worldly authority.
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The artist is thought
to have conceived his picture...
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with a doorway to the right,
guiding the viewer to a final observation.
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The anamorphic skull
Is a hidden signature...
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for Holbein's name
means “hollow bone™
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Hohlbein.
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The skull is a sinister commentary...
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upon worldly vanities,
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Death lurks beneath...
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the most luxurious surface.
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The visual trick of anamorphoss...
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conceals then discloses the truth...
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which underlies appearances,
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