All language subtitles for Legends of the Pharaohs Series 1 Part 3 The Tyrant King 1080p

[narrator] egypt's
great pyramid,

The world's most famous tomb,

Built by a pharaoh with
a reputation for cruelty.

[whip cracking]

[in foreign language]

Khufu terrorized his people
and he enslaved them.

[narrator] a supposed
megalomaniac,

Ready to sacrifice his people
in his pursuit of perfection.

[moaning loudly]

Now, archeologists are
hunting for the truth

About this king and his pyramid.

It's a good example of
how hard this work was.

It was not easy.

[narrator] exposing
strange ceremonies,

And an incredible lost city
of the pyramid workers.

These are the frozen moments
that tell you everything

About ancient egyptian society.

[narrator] is this wonder
of the ancient world,

A monument to monstrosity?

[tense dramatic music]

The story of the pyramids
is one of innovation.

It was a resurrection machine.

[narrator] mysterious rituals.

[woman] these are things that
help the deceased re-energize

And live for eternity.

[narrator] back breaking work,

And palace intrigue.

Unlock the deepest
secrets of the pharaohs.

[franck every
mummy is different,

You never know exactly
what to expect.

[narrator] explore the
lives of ancient workers

And uncover the remarkable
story of egypt's old kingdom.

[woman] not only did ancient
egypt make the pyramids,

The pyramids made ancient egypt.

[air whooshing]

[tense dramatic music]

[narrator] around 2,483
bc, a pharaoh called khufu

Is reaching the
end of his reign.

He is about to inspect the most
important work of his life.

The largest pyramid
in egyptian history.

The great pyramid of giza.

Khufu commanded his
people to build him

This colossal monument
as a resurrection machine

That will propel him
to the afterlife.

[gentle music]

[tense upbeat music]

Today, some 4500 years later,

The great pyramid
remains the only wonder

Of the ancient world
still standing.

It is more than more
than 450 feet high

And is made up of 2 1/2
million stone blocks.

It took over 25 years to build.

Exactly how khufu pulled his
country together to do it,

Has long remained a mystery.

[dramatic music]

In cairo, at the
egyptian museum,

Egyptologist, salima ikram

Is investigating
the pharaoh khufu.

There are 160,000
treasures here,

But only one puts a face to
egypt's most ambitious pharaoh.

A small ivory statue,
just three inches high.

[salima] it's the only
statue we have

Where khufu's name is
actually inscribed on it.

But it has the basic constructs

Of what a king should be like.

And it's ironic

Because he is the man who
built the biggest pyramid

And yet the statue is tiny.

[dramatic music]

It's bizarre that this king

Should be unattested
in any other way.

Where are all the images
from his other temples?

Where are freestanding statues?

It's very curious what
happened to khufu.

[narrator] could the explanation

For why just one single
statue of khufu has survived,

Be linked to his
notorious reputation?

[dramatic music]

2,500 years ago, a greek
historian called herodotus

Investigated the mystery of
khufu and his great pyramid.

He toured egypt to collect
accounts and stories

Passed down through the ages.

When he arrived on
the giza plateau,

22 centuries after the
great pyramid was built,

The monument was still the
tallest man-made building

On the planet.

[dramatic music]

Herodotus claims that the
egyptians remembered khufu

As a tyrant,

Ranting and raving
in his palace.

[in foreign language]

Herodotus wrote really nasty
things in his histories,

According to him, khufu was a
mean king and no one liked him

Because he was cruel.

[in foreign language]

Herodotus wrote that khufu
terrorized his people

And he enslaved them to
build his great pyramid.

[in foreign language]

Herodotus paints khufu
as something of a tyrant,

Shuts down the
temples of the country

In order to focus everything

On his great pyramid
construction scheme

And whose own daughter
works in a brothel

And collects blocks as
payment from her patrons.

[salima] it's very difficult
to understand

Who was feeding
herodotus these stories

But clearly at that time,

The egyptians themselves
had a history of khufu

Being not very kind or
gentle or benevolent.

[whip slams]

[narrator] according
to herodotus,

This is how the great
pyramid was built.

By an enslaved people working
for a depraved monster.

But how much of this
story is based on reality?

It was thousands of
years after khufu

And he was collecting
information from people

Never saw khufu,
never saw khufu's sons

And they lived thousands
of years after khufu.

[narrator] the truth has
long remained a mystery.

[tense music]

But one thing
historians have learned,

By examining tomb inscriptions,

Is the name of the person
directly responsible

For the pyramid's construction.

[dramatic music]

The person khufu puts in
charge of construction

Is his vizier, hemiunu.

[colleen] hemiunu was
the nephew of khufu.

And apparently,
based on his titles,

He is certainly in charge
of the construction

Of the great pyramid.

[narrator] hemiunu's family
business is pyramid building.

His father was the architect
for khufu's father, sneferu.

Experience he'll need to fulfill
khufu's enormous ambitions.

[flora anthony] he wants to
create the largest pyramid

That's ever been built.

And he's got to get it done
really in 20 years or less.

That is an enormous project.

It was very stressful
for hemiunu.

[narrator] khufu
has another demand.

Build the pyramid away from
the tombs of his ancestors.

[dramatic music]

So hemiunu scours the
west bank of the nile

For the right spot.

The west is where the sun
sets, symbolizing death.

So this is where all
pyramids are built.

Picking a site isn't easy,

He's looking for an area
suitable for nothing less

Than the biggest
construction site

In the history of mankind.

What's the high
ground, the low ground,

Where is the slope, if
we build a ramp here,

If we build a temple
there, is it going to work?

Where do we lay
out our cemeteries?

Where will we quarry the stone?

These are all the things
egyptians has to think about.

[narrator] hemiunu must
do everything in his power

To avoid the fate that
befell his father, nefermaat.

He hit a major problem when
building a second pyramid

For his king, sneferu.

Midway through the construction

Of an ambitious
steep sided pyramid,

The monument began to crack.

The site's foundations
weren't strong enough

To support the huge weight.

To avoid total collapse,

He was forced to change the
angle of the pyramid's sides,

Giving the monument its name,

The bent pyramid.

The odd shape wasn't
good enough for the king

And nefermaat had
to start again.

Khufu wants an even
bigger pyramid.

Hemiunu can't afford
a similar mistake.

[colleen darnell] we can imagine
that khufu is also worrying

About whether he too
will live long enough

To complete his own pyramid.

Will he be like
his father sneferu

Finishing three
pyramids before he dies?

Or will khufu perhaps
not live long enough

To even finish a single pyramid?

[mohamed]
the most important thing

For the king

Is to finish his
pyramid during his life.

He has to see the
pyramid completed.

[narrator] if the legend
of khufu's cruelty is true,

This is not a man that hemiunu
can afford to disappoint.

In ancient egypt,

Hemiunu's team of engineers
spend days testing the bedrock

To find the perfect location
for king khufu's pyramid.

They studied the
nature of the rock

And the undulation of
the landscape for miles.

Until they finally
find the ideal place,

Giza.

[dramatic music]

Today, giza is a
bustling suburb of cairo.

4,600 year ago, it
was an empty plateau,

20 miles north of
the bent pyramid

And not far from the
capital at memphis.

What was here geologically,
was a big plate of limestone.

It was perfect as a platform

For the pyramids as
foundations.

[narrator] mark lehner
is an american professor

Of archeology and egyptology.

He's spent three decades
investigating the giza plateau,

Hunting for evidence about how
the great pyramid was built.

I realized that I had to
turn my back to the pyramids

To understand them,

Because I realized that without
understanding the people

And their economy
and their society,

I didn't understand the pyramid.

[narrator] on the
south of the pyramid

There's a clue that
exposes another reason

That hemiunu chose this site.

[tense music]

A huge quarry more
than 100 feet deep.

So, look.

Here in the face, I can see
that the quarry men know.

[metal scraping]

There's a weak vein here.

It's actually an iron vein
that makes of stone weak.

As good geologists,
natural geologists,

They know where to
exploit those veins

To cut the blocks away.

It's like a freebie.

Nature is giving
them a little assist.

They take any
advantages they can get.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] the quarry
is barely 1,000 feet

From the great pyramid,

A clever move by hemiunu to
help speed up construction.

[dramatic music]

[metal clanking]

But completing the
pyramid in time

Is still going to take
enormous human effort

And some help from the gods.

[air whooshing]

[tense music]

Before construction begins,

Hemiunu and the pharaoh,
khufu, travel to giza.

They need to perform
a sacred ceremony.

A ritual they believe
will be crucial

To the pyramid's success.

The pharaoh wears a
special double crown.

The white represents
upper egypt in the south,

And the red lower
egypt in the north.

The crown symbolize
the unity of his people

Who he will take with
him into the afterlife

If the pyramid is a success.

A high priestess is
dressed in the image

Of the goddess of mathematics
and astronomy, seshat.

She's brought a measuring
device known as the merkhet.

This tool can be used to align
khufu's pyramid to the north.

The pharaoh believes that
the north holds a portal

Through which his soul will
pass to join his ancestors

And the gods.

[gentle music]

So the pyramid's orientation
is a powerful symbol.

As is its size.

His surveyors use rope to
measure out just over 755 feet

For each side of the monument.

This gives the ceremony
its name, pedj-she's,

The stretching of the cord.

[gentle music]

With the sacred foundation
ceremony complete,

Khufu names his tomb
the akhet-khufu,

The horizon of khufu.

After his death,

The pharaoh will become
one with the sun god

And will disappear every
evening on the horizon

To be reborn at the
first light of dawn.

The ritual is complete,
and the gods appeased.

But hemiunu still needs
to finalize the design

Of the great pyramid.

[gentle music]

[in foreign language]

The oversized dimensions
of this pyramid

Must have worried engineers.

But hemiunu has no choice but
to follow the demands of khufu

Who wants a smooth
sided monument,

Just like his father sneferu's
third and final pyramid.

Sneferu's red pyramid
is 344 feet high,

The tallest building
in the world,

But khufu wants a
pyramid 100 feet taller.

This is going to be the
largest construction project

In human history,

Demanding labor and supplies
from all over egypt.

He has to obtain the
resources from the quarries,

Bring them up to
the giza plateau.

He's got to conscript people
from around the country

To come work at this site.

He's got to organize them.

[narrator] how will he do it?

[gentle music]

On the giza plateau,

Mark lehner is
investigating the truth

About the pharaoh khufu's
reputation as a tyrant

Who enslaved his people

And forced them to
build his great pyramid.

To find the answers,

Mark turned his back
to the great pyramid,

To the remains of an enormous
wall built in its shadow.

[mark lehner] it's called
the wall of the crow.

The wall is two
hundred meters long.

From our excavations, we know
that it's ten meters wide

And ten meters tall.

[gentle music]

This wall says that somebody
intended it to be permanent.

To the north of the wall,
you have the sphinx.

The tombs, the
cemeteries, the pyramids.

[narrator] lehner asked
a logical question,

If these monuments to the dead
lay on one side of the wall,

What was on the other?

To the south I suspected
there was infrastructure,

Settlement.

[narrator] mark's
intuition proved right.

Beyond this wall he
unearthed a vast hidden city.

[lively music]

A twelve-acre metropolis

That once stretched to
the banks of the nile

And housed thousands of people.

[lively music]

So, it takes a little
bit of imagination,

But underneath this whole area
is the city of the workers,

The infrastructure for
building the great pyramids.

I think we can call it,
without too much hyperbole,

The lost city of the pyramids

[narrator] beneath the
sand lies a treasure trove

Of information about
the living conditions

Of the pyramid builders.

[mark] we've been excavating
here for thirty years.

We always put the sand back.

So that we can come back
and continue our research.

Otherwise the site
would not preserve.

[narrator] information
that suggests,

This might have been more
than a massive slave camp.

[dramatic music]

[mark] we've reconstructed one
of the small houses,

Right on top of the original.

Because it's a simple house,
for rather minor official,

You have in place of the
great reception room,

This one rectangular
space with a bench,

What's called a
mastaba in arabic.

Probably it was
covered with reed mats,

Or even rugs and pillows.

Here we have a bed platform

Probably covered with
pillows and mats.

Wide enough we think for a
man, an official to stretch out

But also not just himself,
possibly even a spouse.

[dramatic music]

[narrator]
at the back of the house,

Mark's team
has uncovered evidence

Of a bread oven and other
traces of food preparation.

We found here a round silo
for grain, probably wheat.

When they ground the
wheat into flour

And probably one of the
members of the house

Was on his or her knees,

Grinding the grain into flour

And collecting it
into the little jars.

[dramatic music]

The important part of finding
this little urban estate,

We call it the
eastern town house.

Is that it shows that
families were living here.

[narrator] mark
thinks this house

Belonged to one of
the supervisors.

But what about the
ordinary workers?

[dramatic music]

By excavating the entire site,

Mark has been able to figure
out where they lived too.

Town planners organized the
city into three districts.

One brings together the
nobility, supervisors

And the royal guard.

Another holds bakeries,
slaughterhouses, breweries

And craftsmen.

The center of the city

Is reserved for the
huge pyramid workforce.

They live in a series of
dormitories, built side by side,

Each over 100 feet long and
housing several dozen workers.

[mark] the barracks, these big
corridors, these galleries

Were probably gender
segregated.

Probably mostly men and
probably mostly young men

Who were rotating in and
out of the labor force.

Young men from their own home
villages all over egypt.

They probably stayed
together in gangs or groups.

[narrator] the barracks
where the workers lived

Don't appear to be locked away

Like some sort of
slave encampment.

Instead, they're in the
center of a large city.

So mark has discovered
where they lived,

And there is also evidence
of how they lived.

[peter] we know that this people
building the pyramids,

Were taken care of pretty well.

There is a lot of meat coming
into the site to support them.

[flora] while excavating on
the giza plateau,

They found these
large bread molds.

So, a lot of people
were eating bread

As their main source
of sustenance.

We also have catfish remains,

So catfish was actually on
the menu also quite a bit

For the pyramid workers.

[narrator] very different from
the hand-to-mouth existence

Of most bronze age people.

[john] if you were working on
one of these royal projects,

You probably had
greater confidence

In the regularity and the
quantity of your rations.

[narrator] keeping
khufu's workforce well fed

Was vital to the
project's success.

[mohamed]
if you want the pyramid

To be completed on time,

You have to make your workers
happy, you have to feed them,

You have to keep them strong.

[narrator] all the evidence
that mark has uncovered,

Seems to counter the
legend of khufu enslaving

And mistreating his workers.

By finding this new
information about the pyramid,

It's completely
changing our knowledge

About how the
pyramids were built.

[john] herodotus' account of
one hundred thousand slaves,

Finds no documentary evidence
from egypt of the time.

What the workmen's
village at giza,

Associated with great
pyramid shows us,

Is that these are
professional people.

We have a large number
of skilled people

Who are probably passing
these skills down

From father to son, mother
to daughter, et cetera.

So, these are
professional people,

All engaged in a great
building project.

[narrator] but if
they weren't slaves,

How did khufu compel these
people to work for him?

Clues unearthed in a lost city

Suggest that the builders
of the great pyramid

Weren't enslaved by
their pharaoh khufu.

Instead he probably
formed his workforce

From a mix of paid craftsmen
and conscripted labor

In a form similar
to military service.

Young men registered
for the draft

So that they would work
at the great pyramid.

Can you imagine one
of these peasants

As he's ferried downstream,
comes up to the giza plateau

And in the background, he
sees this massive pyramid

Rising in the distance,

Men moving these two and a
half ton blocks of stone.

It must have been
simply awe inspiring.

[narrator] khufu unites his
people behind a common goal,

Motivating them with
food, duty and camaraderie

Rather than force.

By assembling a workforce
from all over egypt,

Khufu was able to spread
his influence and ideas

Across the country.

[mark] one of the positive
views of pyramid building,

That they did help to
interlace the king's power

Throughout the land.

It did help create a sense
of national identity.

Every person participated
in this pyramid,

Were thinking and they believed

That by building the
pyramid, it built egypt.

They are helping their
king to resurrect.

[gentle music]

[narrator] the typical day

For a skilled craftsman
or supervisor,

Likely looked very different
to the slavery images

Of legend.

[gentle music]

At dawn the craftsman gets up.

He washes himself and
dresses in a simple kilt,

Or a linen loincloth.

[gentle music]

Surrounded by his family,
he recites prayers.

They worship ra,
the god of the sun

And the creator of the universe.

[dramatic music]

His first meal of the day is
bread, dried fish and garlic,

All accompanied by beer.

The craftsman then
leaves his home,

For what ancient records
suggest,

Was a 10-hour working day.

He crosses one of the
three main streets

Of the workers' city, which
is probably already busy.

Never before has a pharaoh
gathered so many farmers,

Craftsmen and
workers in one place.

[mark] think if you are
a young person,

You come from a village,

That numbers only a
few hundred people

And you come here in giza.

So, you join thousands, maybe
tens of thousands of people.

When you went back
to your village,

You didn't go back the same
young person as when you came.

You have this sense of
identity, something bigger.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] mark lehner
thinks the wall of the crow,

Is the barrier between
city and pyramid site.

So, the young men everyday
would probably go rank and file

Through this gate.

Because on the other side
you have the quarries,

So that's where their work was.

[narrator] khufu's
well-organized city

Ensures the workforce
are well cared for

And ready to work
hard on the pyramid.

These men will need to
cut, move and assemble

Some six million tons of stone.

To extract a block of stone,

The workers start by
marking out it's dimensions.

Then they dig
trenches on each side

And crack open its
base to free it.

Workers place stone below
their newly cut block,

To break its fall when they
tip their finished block

To the ground.

[stone bangs]

A laborious job, which the
workers carry out in teams.

[workers shouting]

Egyptologists estimate
that 2,000 stonemasons

Worked in the quarry,
extracting 200 blocks a day,

Each weighing an
average of 2.5 tons.

[mark] so, this is one of
the big quarry blocks.

It's a very nice example of
where probably one person

Was subdividing this big block
like cutting a piece of cake.

It wasn't pleasant work.

I mean, this person or persons
must have been in here,

Working all day long.

Just wide enough for one.

With hammer stones,
mallet, chisel,

Driving this channel forward.

We know that because you
can see the striations.

It's a good example of
how hard this work was.

[metal clanking]

[narrator] the work is not
just hard, it's also dangerous.

[screaming loudly]

Accidents are thought to have
been frequent and brutal.

But if the pyramid is
to be completed on time,

Khufu can't afford
to lose his workforce

One injury at a time.

The ancient pyramid workers

Suffered from all
sorts of issues

Relating to backbreaking labor.

They suffered more from injuries

Relating to moving large blocks,

And having to push and
use a lot of force.

We have also information

That some of them were
treated on the site.

[salima] and we know that there
was a lot of medical knowledge,

With the ancient egyptians,

From the pyramid workers.

Because we have people
whose bones are broken,

They've been splinted together,

So you know that it
was tied together

And the way it would be today.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] historians have
deciphered tomb engravings

That expose more
about the medical care

Pyramid builders got.

[colleen] peseshet
is a fascinating woman

From ancient egypt.

We know that she lived
during the reign of khufu

Because her name is
present in a tomb monument

And she has a unique title,
overseer of physicians.

Unfortunately, that's
where our knowledge ends.

We don't know whether
peseshet was herself a doctor.

It gives us more
tantalizing hints

At what might be the case.

There were a lot of
remedies involving plants,

Sometimes little bit maybe
of animal bits as well,

Sort of bone marrow to drink
to strengthen yourself,

And so headaches, pains,
aches in the joints, coughs,

Runny noses, all of these
would have been dealt with.

There were eye diseases
that they knew about,

And these too would
have had remedies.

[moaning loudly]

[narrator] broken bones
were a more serious matter.

Texts from later
periods of egypt

Give accounts of
how doctors worked.

[dramatic music]

If peseshet herself
examined the workers,

She would invoke the god of
medicine, sekhmet, to help.

[moaning loudly]

To treat the arm fracture,

She would use a method
still practiced today.

She starts by
realigning the bone.

[screaming loudly]

Then she immobilizes the arm
by fitting a wooden splint.

[dramatic music]

Finally, she covers
the wound with honey,

It acts as a disinfectant
and an anti-inflammatory too.

For more serious injuries,

Doctors sometimes
risk performing

A much more extreme operation,

Amputation.

[groans loudly]

Archaeologists working at giza

Have found the skeleton of
a man who survived 14 years

After his leg was amputated.

And religion played a
role in medical care too.

Magic was tied up with healing.

So, you could go and
have a scorpion bite

And then go to a female
healer or a male healer

And they could
prescribe you a spell.

[narrator] now, an
incredible discovery

Is exposing the importance
of religion and magic

In the lives of pyramid workers.

[gentle music]

While mark lehner
is investigating

The lost city of
the pyramid workers,

A team of egyptian
archaeologists

Has made an incredible discovery

That helps reveal what else

Might have motivated
them to work.

A guard on a donkey tripped
over a mud brick wall.

Clearly there was some
kind of structure here,

So they started excavating.

And they found first one tomb,

And then they find
another tomb and another.

So, it seemed compelling
that what we have here

Is the tombs of the workers
who built the pyramids.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] there were
hundreds of them,

Just outside the workers' city.

[mark] this was excavated
over many years

And it's one of the most
important discoveries at giza,

I think, in the last century.

Now I'm standing
in the lower part,

You have a little mastabas.

These are all of mud-brick
and broken stone.

People buried around us

Were probably, some of
them were just workers.

So, it looks like
lower status people

Were buried down below,
higher status people,

Probably their superiors
were buried up above.

[dramatic music]

There was some interesting
evidence of this.

For example, one
of the people here

Had hieroglyphs in his
tomb mentioning the title,

Overseer of the
sides of the pyramid.

[dramatic music]

These titles on the tombs

Are like a resumé
of all their work.

[dramatic music]

Those who could afford it

Would want to start
working on their tomb

While they're still alive.

Make sure the
inscriptions were there.

If they got a promotion,

They would want that new
title inscribed in the tomb.

[dramatic music]

These are the frozen moments
on the giza tomb walls

That tell you everything about
ancient egyptian society.

[lively music]

[narrator] the discovery
offers archeologists

A unique insight into
the lives of the workers.

[flora] studying their bones,

The tomb objects that
went along with them,

And any tomb decoration
that they had,

Fills in some of those gaps
in knowledge that we have.

[lively music]

[narrator] the tombs
suggest another motivation

For the workers.

They wanted to hitch a
ride to the afterlife

With their pharaoh
and his pyramid.

It's hard to say for certain,

But I think the prestige

Of being associated
with the great pyramid

Might very well have been
part of the motivation

For workers who were
part of that project.

So, if you work on the
royal tomb of giza,

If you help create the largest
pyramid egypt's ever seen,

Then you get rewarded.

Not only with your
day to day wages,

But also the potential to
be buried close to the king

At giza.

[peter] we can assume that
those who were able to build

Their tombs closer
to the pyramid,

Would benefit from the semi
divine or divine aspect

Of the king in his royal
resting place nearby.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] the
worker's tombs at giza,

Are yet more evidence
to challenge

The account of herodotus

And his vision of a
hundred thousand slaves

Being forced to work.

[mohamed] it tells us that
those people were not slaves.

If they were slaves,

They will never be buried
besides the pyramid,

They will never wish to be
in the shadow of their king.

[john] herodotus' account of
the slave driving khufu,

Strikes me as being similar
to modern responses:

How on earth could anyone
build that structure?

And the answer has to be,

You simply had to force everyone
to work for you to do it.

[lively music]

[narrator] but archaeologists
now think that khufu

Was using an existing and
well-trained workforce.

[melinda]
340 limestone blocks

Had to be placed
every single day.

And stones had to be
delivered every 34 minutes.

That is a lot of workforce.

And that's a lot of
administration that you need

In order to build
something of this size.

[colleen]
the great pyramid of khufu,

Further solidifies

The administrative and economic
base of ancient egypt.

We have another generation
of workmen and administrators

And craftsmen that
are now trained

And making the largest
pyramid ever constructed

In ancient egypt.

[narrator] like his
father before him,

Khufu sets up farms and estates

To provide for his
pyramid builders.

[john] setting up these
establishments

Would put in place

People who would
turn arable land,

Land that could be
put under cultivation.

They would actually then
put it under cultivation.

So, as these projects go,

We're also seeing vastly larger
numbers of cities and farms

Being added to egypt itself.

The nation is really
coming together

Even more than in
previous reigns.

Tremendous numbers of people

Are working towards
the same goal,

Building a monumental
tomb for their king.

So, we see with yet
another generation,

That egypt as a whole is
working towards a massive

Unified project.

And this, in turn, enhances
the stability of the state.

[dramatic music]

[narrator] khufu has
done everything he can

To ensure that his pyramid
is finished before he dies.

He's picked his vizier, hemiunu,

To head up the construction.

He's built an entire
city for the workers

And provides them with
food and medical care.

And he motivates them further

With the promise of their own
tombs close to the pyramid.

But some 20 years
after work began,

The great pyramid
is not complete,

And all the work
will be for nothing

If it's not finished
before khufu dies.

[dramatic music]