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From geisha girls to blossom festivals,
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(crowd murmurs)
(mysterious music)
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ancient temples
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to ultra-modern cities,
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the culture of Japan is incredible.
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But even this amazing diversity is overshadowed
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by nature's beauty.
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Look beyond the skyscrapers and wild volcanoes tower,
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bears hunt in the meadows,
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monkeys play,
(monkeys chatter)
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and birds do battle.
(cranes honk)
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This is "Hidden Japan."
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(soft string music)
(birds chirping)
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(determined music)
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Japan, a country famed for big population
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and huge high-tech cities.
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(crowds murmur)
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It's the fourth-largest island nation,
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but the second most populous, home to 126 million people.
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But a hidden world of enchanting landscapes
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remain surprisingly untouched,
(cranes honk)
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and in them dramatic wildlife.
(birds sing)
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(water rushes)
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(bear splashes)
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There are more than 130 mammals
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and an astonishing 600 birds.
(cranes honk)
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Among them, some iconic and unexpected species.
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(soft mysterious music)
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(branch rustles)
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(water gurgles)
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Look beyond the cities, and a wild paradise calls.
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(wondrous music)
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Japan is a series of islands strewn along 3,000 kilometers
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of the Pacific Ocean.
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The island chain is so long
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that it spans different climate zones,
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which to the North bring harsh winters.
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(wind howls)
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The most famous of Japan's wild neighbors
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need little introduction.
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Japanese macaques, also known as snow monkeys,
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have found a neat way to beat the cold.
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(soft string music)
(water bubbles)
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Hot Springs bring steaming water
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from deep underground, warmed by volcanic heat.
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The hot tubs give the chilly primates a chance
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to thaw out and relax.
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This quality time at the spa is central
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to the monkeys' social lives,
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the perfect chance to catch up with friends and family.
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(water splashes)
(wind howls)
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They're not the only primates that have learned
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to harness the powers of Japan's geology.
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(men speaking in Japanese)
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But for most creatures,
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the winters in the North are a challenge
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to their very survival.
(solemn pipe music)
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Serows are one of Japan's natural treasures.
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Dubbed, living fossils,
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they represent a time in evolutionary history
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when sheep and goats separated from antelope
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and other horned animals.
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Their thick, stocky body,
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and coarse, oily fur help to keep out the cold.
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But at this time of year,
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they must abandon their normal diet
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of green herbs and grasses, and make do with twigs and bark.
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They cling to the rocky high country.
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(wind howls)
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But for sika deer, confined to the low plains,
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snowdrifts make life tough.
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(snow crunches)
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Walking in one another's footprints
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eases the strenuous search for food.
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They must use their hooves to try and excavate
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any remaining vegetation buried beneath the snow.
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(mysterious music)
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The same challenges face a supermodel of the bird world.
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(cranes calling)
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An icon of Japan,
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the red-crowned crane is a bird symbolizing happiness
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and long life.
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(cranes honking)
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It's hard to be happy in the heavy snow,
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but these hardy birds choose late winter
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to begin their courtship rituals.
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(soft music)
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(airy cheerful music)
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A ballet of elegance and grace, the birds dance together,
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singing their duets.
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They pair for life,
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galvanizing their commitment to each other,
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ready for the breeding season ahead.
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Once winter is over, the pairs will break away to breed,
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but for now, they flock and dance together.
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As hard as this winter is, the birds have seen worst times.
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Over the past few hundred years,
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they were hunted to the point of extinction.
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Since the 1930s, they have been protected by law.
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(somber music)
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Once locals learned to appreciate the beauty of the crane
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and realized just how endangered they were,
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they were quick to extend a helping hand,
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giving gifts to the birds to help see them through winter.
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A practice they still enjoy today.
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(cranes honk)
(soft hopeful music)
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Of course in winter, food is scarce
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and free handouts don't go unnoticed.
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(determined orchestral music)
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Winters are tough for all animals,
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including giant sea eagles.
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Japan's biggest birds fight over food,
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one of the most dramatic spectacles
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the bird world has to offer.
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(eagle screeches)
(cranes honk)
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The cranes put up a good fight,
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(dramatic music)
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but ultimately don't want to risk injury
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from the eagle's powerful talons.
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Fortunately, there's plenty of food to go around.
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(water splashes)
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(suspenseful music)
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Winter's passed and a temperate climate warms most of Japan.
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(expectant music)
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(water rushes)
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(birds sing)
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(bright hopeful music)
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(water splashes)
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Sika deer get to enjoy fresh growth
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and replenish their bodies after tough winter months,
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(birds calling)
(grasses rustling)
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though spring also brings a new threat.
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Japan is home to a population of huge brown bears,
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the country's largest mammals.
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They slept through winter and during that slumber,
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the mother gave birth to two tiny cubs.
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(playful music)
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After months of suckling in the den,
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the young are now precocious,
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(grasses rustle)
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but their mother's hungry.
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Bears don't often hunt big game,
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but a deer would offer weeks of protein.
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(tense music)
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(birds call)
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(grasses rustle)
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(insects buzz)
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But it's not easy to stalk your quarry
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with impatient cubs in tow.
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(bear huffs)
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Before she has the chance to try again,
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another family appears.
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(ominous music)
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(grasses rustle)
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The cubs seemed keen to meet their new neighbors,
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but their mothers aren't too sure.
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(suspenseful music)
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After an awkward standoff,
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they agree to go their separate ways.
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(soft music)
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(grass rustles)
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(birds chirp)
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The cubs will have to make do
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with playing with their siblings.
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(light playful music)
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(birds call)
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The reason for the extremes of temperature in Japan
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are the physical shape of the islands,
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a long thin chain from north to south.
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But in geological terms, they are the tip of the iceberg,
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just part of the huge and famous Ring of Fire,
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a volatile horseshoe of unstable rock
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surrounding the Pacific ocean,
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the cause of 90% of the world's earthquakes.
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Japan was once connected to mainland Asia,
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but the movement of tectonic plates
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tore it from the mainland,
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(lava roars)
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and underlying volcanoes were quick to spew mounds of lava,
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creating new mountains.
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(lava crackles)
(expectant music)
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(wind howls)
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108 volcanoes remain active today.
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(steam hisses)
(water gurgles)
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(mud gurgles)
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Even the capital city of Tokyo is shadowed
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by this geological history,
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with the island's highest volcano, Mount Fuji,
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in spitting distance.
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(wind howls)
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(water rushing)
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With such a turbulent past, it is hardly surprising
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that most of the country is mountainous,
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with rocky slopes too challenging for farmers.
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A mere 12% of the land mass is suitable for farming.
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(birds sing)
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But in the lush lowlands in the warmer regions to the South,
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the same wetlands that the cranes chose to breed,
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farmers are able to grow Japan's most important crop,
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(insects buzz)
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(water splashes)
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rice.
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Right now, in spring,
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they plant the seedlings into carefully-flooded fields.
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(water splashes)
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Though the plant is a monoculture,
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fish, snakes, and frogs are tolerated in the soggy fields.
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They eat the insect pests
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that might otherwise threaten the crops.
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(engine hums)
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The farmers invest almost as much care in raising their crop
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as the cranes do in bringing up their baby.
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(birds sing)
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(wind whistles)
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The pair make a lifelong commitment to each other
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and return to the same nesting ground year on year.
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Like the farmers, they seek low, flat, waterlogged meadows.
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They share all duties,
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both spending a week building the nest
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and a month sitting on their egg.
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But their work has only just begun.
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It will take nine months for them
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to teach the chick everything it needs to know
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to survive.
(water splashes)
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(insects buzz)
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The classic waterlogged fields are not only iconic,
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but vital.
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Rice is the staple food in Japan
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and ingrained in its culture.
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At one time, rice was even used as the currency
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and its success is only possible
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thanks to water flowing from the mountains
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and the abundant rain.
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(wondrous music)
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(water rushing)
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Southern Japan experiences a rainy season,
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fueling rivers and streams,
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(water roars)
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the perfect conditions for a monster.
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The Japanese salamander is one of several species
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unique to Japan and China,
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the biggest amphibian on the planet.
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The creature's one and a half meter body
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is supported by the water
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and it ambles slowly in search of food.
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Staying underwater, it breathes through porous skin
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and relies on fast-flowing, oxygen-rich streams.
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Its tiny unblinking eyes only give a sense
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of light and dark, so it relies on pores on its skin
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to sense the vibrations of prey.
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(water rushing)
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(ominous music)
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Because vision isn't important to it,
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but can be to its prey,
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it does most of its hunting after dark,
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lying in wait until a fish
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or frog moves into the strike zone.
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(suspenseful music)
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(dramatic music)
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(cymbals crash)
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(men speaking in foreign language)
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There are other hunters using the waterways at night.
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For well over 1,000 years,
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Chinese fishermen have gathered on the riverbanks at dusk
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and brought with them surprising allies.
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Small fishing boats head out,
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fiery lanterns blazing on their bow.
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The light in the darkness will lure fish to the surface
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and their trained fishermen will be ready.
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00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:25,510
Cormorants are raised from chicks by the fishermen
271
00:20:25,510 --> 00:20:26,833
to build a close bond.
272
00:20:29,633 --> 00:20:32,383
(water splashes)
273
00:20:35,810 --> 00:20:39,310
Each bird has string tied around its throat.
274
00:20:39,310 --> 00:20:41,460
Any fish smaller than finger sized,
275
00:20:41,460 --> 00:20:43,043
the bird will be able to eat,
276
00:20:43,940 --> 00:20:46,073
but anything bigger gets stuck.
277
00:20:47,390 --> 00:20:51,170
After a dive, the birds, follow the light back to the boat.
278
00:20:51,170 --> 00:20:53,200
Any catch in their throat is dislodged
279
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:55,300
and becomes the property of their masters.
280
00:20:57,115 --> 00:21:02,115
(wondrous music)
(water splashing)
281
00:21:05,340 --> 00:21:08,090
(lantern creaks)
282
00:21:13,709 --> 00:21:16,459
(wings flapping)
283
00:21:30,462 --> 00:21:33,668
(men speaking in foreign language)
284
00:21:33,668 --> 00:21:36,880
Fishing is vital to Japan's economy and food resources
285
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:39,153
to make up for the lack of farmable land.
286
00:21:42,170 --> 00:21:45,623
In many areas, the terrain is too rocky to farm.
287
00:21:49,150 --> 00:21:53,550
Where cultivation is impossible, Japan is rich in forest.
288
00:21:53,550 --> 00:21:56,330
It covers around 70% of the landmass
289
00:21:56,330 --> 00:21:59,523
and provides homes for a wide variety of animals.
290
00:22:07,552 --> 00:22:08,385
(birds sing)
291
00:22:08,385 --> 00:22:10,270
Hidden in the depths of the forest,
292
00:22:10,270 --> 00:22:12,563
a family cautiously emerges.
293
00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,050
Known as tanuki in Japan,
294
00:22:17,050 --> 00:22:19,660
a fun and mischievous shape-shifting legend,
295
00:22:19,660 --> 00:22:22,450
the raccoon dog is far more elusive.
296
00:22:22,450 --> 00:22:25,533
(light sneaky music)
297
00:22:27,196 --> 00:22:29,863
(water rushing)
298
00:22:34,610 --> 00:22:37,330
The eight pups are a good-sized litter,
299
00:22:37,330 --> 00:22:39,863
though occasionally, they can have twice as many.
300
00:22:42,330 --> 00:22:43,660
This family is quite big enough
301
00:22:43,660 --> 00:22:46,320
to keep the mother busy providing food.
302
00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,810
They'll suckle from her for two months,
303
00:22:48,810 --> 00:22:51,390
even though their parents will introduce them to solids
304
00:22:51,390 --> 00:22:55,093
long before that, encouraging them to fend for themselves.
305
00:22:56,115 --> 00:22:59,340
(tanukis squeal)
306
00:22:59,340 --> 00:23:02,823
While the young are small and vulnerable, Dad stands guard.
307
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:07,930
Not only will he stick around and help with the pups,
308
00:23:07,930 --> 00:23:09,930
but the pair have mated for life
309
00:23:09,930 --> 00:23:11,853
and will raise many litters together.
310
00:23:13,892 --> 00:23:18,892
(leaves rustle)
(birds chirp)
311
00:23:26,670 --> 00:23:29,220
Despite their raccoon face masks,
312
00:23:29,220 --> 00:23:31,350
they are not raccoons at all,
313
00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:34,003
but little, primitive, wild foxes.
314
00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:39,240
They have plenty of unique tricks, like climbing trees
315
00:23:39,240 --> 00:23:40,793
and having a diverse diet.
316
00:23:42,580 --> 00:23:45,713
Everything from frogs to fungi can be on the menu.
317
00:23:48,970 --> 00:23:51,470
They are just as likely to scramble into the branches
318
00:23:51,470 --> 00:23:54,383
to collect berries as they are to hunt a mouse.
319
00:23:55,672 --> 00:24:00,672
(wondrous music)
(birds calling)
320
00:24:02,750 --> 00:24:04,983
The dad's sensitive nose picks up a scent.
321
00:24:06,770 --> 00:24:09,453
The little foxes have good reason to be nervous.
322
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,729
There are much bigger creatures in these forests.
323
00:24:14,729 --> 00:24:17,640
(tense music)
(tanukis cry)
324
00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:19,893
Best to stay underground for now.
325
00:24:25,530 --> 00:24:29,233
Japan boasts not one, but two species of bear.
326
00:24:31,830 --> 00:24:34,180
These are Asiatic black bears,
327
00:24:34,180 --> 00:24:37,150
perfectly at home in the temperate forests.
328
00:24:37,150 --> 00:24:39,300
Slightly smaller than the brown bears,
329
00:24:39,300 --> 00:24:41,550
they're accomplished tree climbers.
330
00:24:41,550 --> 00:24:44,000
The mother is trying to teach her cubs,
331
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:47,410
showing them how to access the riches of the forest,
332
00:24:47,410 --> 00:24:49,393
but cubs just want to have fun.
333
00:24:50,700 --> 00:24:52,350
They still suckle from mom,
334
00:24:52,350 --> 00:24:55,253
and so don't take the foraging lessons very seriously.
335
00:24:56,398 --> 00:24:59,398
(mischievous music)
336
00:25:08,940 --> 00:25:11,573
Young macaques are equally full of mischief.
337
00:25:13,260 --> 00:25:15,580
In the warmer forest to the South,
338
00:25:15,580 --> 00:25:17,163
life is easy for the troop.
339
00:25:18,090 --> 00:25:19,910
Lush green food is plentiful
340
00:25:21,470 --> 00:25:23,760
and the forest makes one giant jungle gym
341
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:25,720
for the little ones.
(light magical music)
342
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:28,553
(branches rustle)
343
00:25:32,330 --> 00:25:35,543
Mothers with smaller babies stay away from the games.
344
00:25:37,890 --> 00:25:40,170
The mother and toddler groups give the little ones
345
00:25:40,170 --> 00:25:43,503
a chance to lay the foundations for lifelong friendships.
346
00:25:44,970 --> 00:25:46,110
As they grow,
347
00:25:46,110 --> 00:25:48,510
they'll be able to hang out and learn from your friends
348
00:25:48,510 --> 00:25:49,623
of their own age.
349
00:26:06,500 --> 00:26:08,520
(water splashes)
350
00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:12,634
Monkeys here even have the luxury of a trip to the beach.
351
00:26:12,634 --> 00:26:17,634
(monkeys squeal)
(mystical music)
352
00:26:22,347 --> 00:26:24,723
Beachcombing is a rewarding pastime.
353
00:26:26,197 --> 00:26:28,647
You never know what treats the sea might wash up.
354
00:26:35,310 --> 00:26:36,620
Time at the beach is enjoyed
355
00:26:36,620 --> 00:26:38,413
by more than one kind of primate.
356
00:26:39,741 --> 00:26:41,720
(waves crash)
357
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:45,503
A chance to play,
(children exclaim)
358
00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:49,933
be with the family,
359
00:26:52,659 --> 00:26:55,790
(monkeys squeal)
360
00:26:55,790 --> 00:26:56,683
and sunbathe.
361
00:27:01,690 --> 00:27:05,880
As countries go, Japan boasts the sixth-longest coastline
362
00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:06,713
in the world.
363
00:27:09,320 --> 00:27:11,260
With so many little islands,
364
00:27:11,260 --> 00:27:15,581
it twists and turns for a total of 30,000 kilometers.
365
00:27:15,581 --> 00:27:16,990
(waves crash)
366
00:27:16,990 --> 00:27:19,870
And while some are frigid ocean coasts,
367
00:27:19,870 --> 00:27:22,980
others host tropical mangrove forests.
368
00:27:22,980 --> 00:27:25,897
(enchanting music)
369
00:27:30,730 --> 00:27:34,390
Mangroves are vital to coastlines around the world.
370
00:27:34,390 --> 00:27:35,740
The tangle of plant roots
371
00:27:35,740 --> 00:27:38,950
can literally hold the fragile beaches together,
372
00:27:38,950 --> 00:27:41,143
protecting them from the forces of the sea.
373
00:27:42,009 --> 00:27:44,676
(water gurgles)
374
00:27:46,950 --> 00:27:50,460
Especially useful here, where thanks to the Ring of Fire,
375
00:27:50,460 --> 00:27:52,853
there are regular earthquakes and tsunamis.
376
00:27:53,756 --> 00:27:56,256
(birds chirp)
377
00:27:59,774 --> 00:28:02,760
But the trees also create habitats for animals,
378
00:28:02,760 --> 00:28:05,240
and twice a day, as the tide retreats,
379
00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:07,673
a surprising community appears.
380
00:28:08,760 --> 00:28:11,970
Armed to the hilt, like something from a horror film,
381
00:28:11,970 --> 00:28:15,235
male fiddler crabs are the first to emerge.
382
00:28:15,235 --> 00:28:17,735
(light music)
383
00:28:25,820 --> 00:28:29,560
The imposing enlarged claw looks weaponized,
384
00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,150
but actually it's more of a banner,
385
00:28:32,150 --> 00:28:34,460
a flag to wave at rivals,
386
00:28:34,460 --> 00:28:36,903
perhaps challenging them to an arm wrestle,
387
00:28:41,300 --> 00:28:43,173
or to beckon potential mates.
388
00:28:49,180 --> 00:28:51,030
Individuality is rife,
389
00:28:51,030 --> 00:28:53,513
with males being either left or right-handed.
390
00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:00,960
But while they are busy showing off large appendages,
391
00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:02,930
other animals are working hard,
392
00:29:02,930 --> 00:29:04,713
not wanting to waste any time.
393
00:29:05,718 --> 00:29:07,360
(joyful music)
394
00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:11,020
Mudskippers know they have only a short window between tides
395
00:29:11,020 --> 00:29:12,173
and get to work.
396
00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:16,230
First job, slurp up and expel any debris
397
00:29:16,230 --> 00:29:17,980
that has washed into their burrows.
398
00:29:21,215 --> 00:29:23,220
And then, the housework done,
399
00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:27,803
they do something unexpected for a fish, they walk.
400
00:29:30,610 --> 00:29:33,543
Quickly, a fish army is mobilized.
401
00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:37,730
Their terrestrial forays are possible
402
00:29:37,730 --> 00:29:42,160
thanks to enlarge jaws that can hold a bubble of water,
403
00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:44,390
the opposite of an oxygen tank,
404
00:29:44,390 --> 00:29:46,563
allowing them to use their gills on land.
405
00:29:48,820 --> 00:29:51,690
And if they take the occasional dunk to moisturize,
406
00:29:51,690 --> 00:29:54,483
they can absorb some oxygen through their skin as well.
407
00:29:56,690 --> 00:29:58,870
Then they are ready to graze,
408
00:29:58,870 --> 00:30:00,800
hoovering over the mud for algae
409
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:04,950
and any tiny traces of solid food washed out from the forest
410
00:30:04,950 --> 00:30:06,703
or left behind by the tide.
411
00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:11,190
These fish like personal space,
412
00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:14,470
so when neighbors get too close, they flash their fins.
413
00:30:16,551 --> 00:30:18,083
(suspenseful music)
414
00:30:18,083 --> 00:30:20,833
(dramatic music)
415
00:30:23,070 --> 00:30:24,527
Another army.
416
00:30:24,527 --> 00:30:27,270
(frantic music)
417
00:30:27,270 --> 00:30:29,660
An ultra-efficient beach cleaning team,
418
00:30:29,660 --> 00:30:30,803
picking over the sand.
419
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:39,303
Soldier crabs stick together, hoping for safety in numbers.
420
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:41,273
They work fast.
421
00:30:48,130 --> 00:30:50,403
The tide is making its way back up the beach.
422
00:30:55,965 --> 00:30:58,980
(water gurgles)
423
00:30:58,980 --> 00:31:01,130
Timing is everything on the coast,
424
00:31:01,130 --> 00:31:04,340
and soon all of the mud dwellers head back to their burrows
425
00:31:04,340 --> 00:31:06,380
to hide from bigger sea creatures
426
00:31:06,380 --> 00:31:08,113
that might return with the waves.
427
00:31:09,090 --> 00:31:11,507
(waves roar)
428
00:31:13,710 --> 00:31:15,839
(water gurgles)
429
00:31:15,839 --> 00:31:18,880
Japan's territorial waters make up just 1%
430
00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:20,163
of the world's oceans,
431
00:31:22,090 --> 00:31:26,910
and yet 15% of all marine species are found here,
432
00:31:26,910 --> 00:31:29,123
more than 33,000 different kinds.
433
00:31:34,253 --> 00:31:37,420
(solemn violin music)
434
00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:48,193
One reason for the richness is the diversity of coastline,
435
00:31:49,540 --> 00:31:52,340
from deep trenches along the Pacific coast,
436
00:31:52,340 --> 00:31:54,083
some of the deepest in the world,
437
00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:02,373
to the freezing, but productive icy seas of the North.
438
00:32:03,279 --> 00:32:05,260
(water rushes)
439
00:32:05,260 --> 00:32:07,860
With the influence of the Oyashio current
440
00:32:07,860 --> 00:32:10,670
that brings cold water from the North Pacific,
441
00:32:10,670 --> 00:32:13,943
the Northern coast can become covered in pack ice,
442
00:32:19,090 --> 00:32:22,610
but still harbors an impressive array of cold water species,
443
00:32:22,610 --> 00:32:25,453
like cod, halibut, and pollock.
444
00:32:27,117 --> 00:32:29,784
(water gurgles)
445
00:32:40,577 --> 00:32:44,539
They are hunted by huge Steller sea lions.
446
00:32:44,539 --> 00:32:47,289
(haunting music)
447
00:32:58,456 --> 00:33:01,440
And they, in turn, are sometimes pursued
448
00:33:01,440 --> 00:33:03,713
by much bigger killer whales.
449
00:33:05,948 --> 00:33:08,531
(air whooshes)
450
00:33:10,231 --> 00:33:12,795
(killer whales whistle)
451
00:33:12,795 --> 00:33:15,378
(air whooshes)
452
00:33:18,199 --> 00:33:20,866
(water gurgles)
453
00:33:22,677 --> 00:33:24,520
In contrast to the South,
454
00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:29,090
coral reefs are bathed in warm water of the Kuroshio current
455
00:33:29,090 --> 00:33:31,563
that flows up from the tropical Philippines.
456
00:33:35,140 --> 00:33:37,883
Most of the coral creatures are small and colorful,
457
00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:42,153
(graceful violin music)
458
00:33:54,144 --> 00:33:54,977
(waves crash)
459
00:33:54,977 --> 00:33:57,803
but the coastline also attracts giants,
460
00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:02,793
basking sharks,
461
00:34:11,820 --> 00:34:14,653
turtles,
(tense music)
462
00:34:19,880 --> 00:34:20,763
and hammerheads.
463
00:34:23,299 --> 00:34:26,216
(foreboding music)
464
00:34:36,558 --> 00:34:39,558
There are also meadows of sea grass,
465
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:46,573
vast forests of kelp.
466
00:34:50,300 --> 00:34:53,923
This, biggest of seaweeds, can grow half a meter a day.
467
00:34:56,140 --> 00:34:59,150
Air bladders in its leaves hold them aloft
468
00:34:59,150 --> 00:35:00,930
to wave with the current,
469
00:35:00,930 --> 00:35:05,070
but powerful root-like structures, called holdfasts,
470
00:35:05,070 --> 00:35:07,473
anchor them tight to the ocean floor.
471
00:35:12,203 --> 00:35:15,190
(tense music)
472
00:35:15,190 --> 00:35:17,930
With the incredible diversity of habitats,
473
00:35:17,930 --> 00:35:21,173
it's hardly surprising that marine life thrives.
474
00:35:23,612 --> 00:35:26,529
(boat engines hum)
475
00:35:31,861 --> 00:35:35,861
For many, the creatures of the sea are welcomed.
476
00:35:36,940 --> 00:35:40,723
In fact, Japan has the fourth-largest fishery in the world.
477
00:35:46,282 --> 00:35:48,615
(fish slap)
478
00:36:07,800 --> 00:36:10,330
But it's not always necessary to go out to sea
479
00:36:10,330 --> 00:36:11,493
to enjoy the riches.
480
00:36:15,460 --> 00:36:17,310
Towards the end of summer,
481
00:36:17,310 --> 00:36:20,540
some of Japan's rivers receive some special visitors
482
00:36:20,540 --> 00:36:21,373
from the sea,
483
00:36:22,340 --> 00:36:23,173
salmon.
484
00:36:24,510 --> 00:36:27,230
Several species use Japan's rivers.
485
00:36:27,230 --> 00:36:29,063
These are sockeyes.
486
00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:33,380
Their silvery, muscular bodies turned blood red
487
00:36:33,380 --> 00:36:34,663
for the breeding season.
488
00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:38,460
They lived their lives out at sea,
489
00:36:38,460 --> 00:36:40,160
but after four or five years,
490
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:42,630
they have returned to the fresh water rivers
491
00:36:42,630 --> 00:36:44,430
where they were born.
492
00:36:44,430 --> 00:36:47,783
The powerful fish must fight their way up river,
493
00:36:47,783 --> 00:36:52,783
(water rushing)
(hopeful music)
494
00:36:53,242 --> 00:36:57,170
but the current may be the least of their worries.
495
00:36:57,170 --> 00:37:02,120
With fish in abundance, it's time for a teddy bear's picnic.
496
00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:04,270
The brown bears have been waiting for them.
497
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:09,793
To survive Japan's harsh winters, the bears will hibernate,
498
00:37:10,950 --> 00:37:14,870
but can only do so if they build up adequate fat reserves
499
00:37:14,870 --> 00:37:17,603
to live on during the long frozen months ahead.
500
00:37:18,586 --> 00:37:21,600
(water splashes)
501
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:24,980
The salmon run happens at just the right time,
502
00:37:24,980 --> 00:37:27,310
giving them the chance to feast,
503
00:37:27,310 --> 00:37:30,913
gorging themselves with fatty meat and nutrient-rich roe.
504
00:37:33,989 --> 00:37:38,989
(birds squawking)
(determined music)
505
00:37:39,700 --> 00:37:41,910
The bears are usually solitary,
506
00:37:41,910 --> 00:37:44,520
but because there's such an abundance of food,
507
00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:46,320
they tolerate each other's presence.
508
00:37:51,932 --> 00:37:54,765
(water splashing)
509
00:37:59,384 --> 00:38:02,217
(salmon flapping)
510
00:38:04,824 --> 00:38:07,241
(soft music)
511
00:38:08,530 --> 00:38:11,280
All ages join in, though the younger bears,
512
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:13,710
preparing for their first winters on their own,
513
00:38:13,710 --> 00:38:15,910
steer clear of the bigger males,
514
00:38:15,910 --> 00:38:17,690
allowing the dominant animals
515
00:38:17,690 --> 00:38:19,490
to hold onto the best fishing spots.
516
00:38:22,811 --> 00:38:27,811
(birds calling)
(water splashing)
517
00:38:32,750 --> 00:38:36,610
And with so many salmon, there's plenty of target practice,
518
00:38:36,610 --> 00:38:38,400
an ideal time for a mother
519
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:40,513
to teach her young cubs how to fish,
520
00:38:41,460 --> 00:38:43,540
though it can take a while to get to grips
521
00:38:43,540 --> 00:38:44,490
with the technique.
522
00:38:46,786 --> 00:38:51,786
(water splashing)
(hopeful music)
523
00:38:51,962 --> 00:38:54,712
(bear splashing)
524
00:39:01,316 --> 00:39:04,149
(salmon flopping)
525
00:39:06,770 --> 00:39:09,003
While the bears enjoy the season's riches,
526
00:39:12,340 --> 00:39:14,785
people can reap what they sowed.
527
00:39:14,785 --> 00:39:17,202
(motor hums)
528
00:39:19,182 --> 00:39:22,680
The rice is cut, dried, and soon ready to eat.
529
00:39:24,707 --> 00:39:27,520
(bright cheerful music)
530
00:39:27,520 --> 00:39:29,363
(rice sheaves rustle)
531
00:39:29,363 --> 00:39:33,863
(family speaking in foreign language)
532
00:39:46,310 --> 00:39:49,440
Japan doesn't have large-scale agriculture,
533
00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:52,063
most of its crops are produced by small holders,
534
00:39:53,050 --> 00:39:54,910
people still living off the land
535
00:39:54,910 --> 00:39:56,913
and retaining a close bond with nature.
536
00:40:00,548 --> 00:40:05,548
(motor hums)
(shears squeak)
537
00:40:10,784 --> 00:40:13,814
(sheaves rustle)
538
00:40:13,814 --> 00:40:18,600
(people murmur in foreign language)
539
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:21,183
(woman laughs)
540
00:40:25,053 --> 00:40:26,913
(frogs croak)
541
00:40:26,913 --> 00:40:30,320
In Japan, there's still a special relationship with wildlife
542
00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:32,060
and the changing seasons,
543
00:40:32,060 --> 00:40:34,853
and it goes beyond a childhood fascination with nature.
544
00:40:35,720 --> 00:40:38,303
(insects buzz)
545
00:40:44,120 --> 00:40:47,620
Key religions in Japan are Shinto and Buddhism,
546
00:40:47,620 --> 00:40:50,170
both of which encourage a harmonious relationship
547
00:40:50,170 --> 00:40:51,003
with nature.
548
00:40:55,898 --> 00:40:58,481
(child laughs)
549
00:41:02,690 --> 00:41:04,690
Shrines are adorned with depictions
550
00:41:04,690 --> 00:41:07,528
of Japan's rich natural heritage,
551
00:41:07,528 --> 00:41:10,445
(enchanting music)
552
00:41:13,410 --> 00:41:16,023
and wildlife is respected and tolerated,
553
00:41:18,640 --> 00:41:20,390
even when it's being a bit naughty.
554
00:41:35,970 --> 00:41:39,050
The bond with nature has reached extraordinary heights
555
00:41:39,050 --> 00:41:40,303
with some species.
556
00:41:41,470 --> 00:41:44,420
Carp swim wild in Japan's waterways,
557
00:41:44,420 --> 00:41:48,000
often swimming up river, which led to people respecting it
558
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:49,823
for its strength and perseverance.
559
00:41:50,930 --> 00:41:53,010
(carp splashing)
560
00:41:53,010 --> 00:41:55,840
People began to keep and breed the impressive fish,
561
00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:59,063
partly for food, but then increasingly for their beauty.
562
00:42:02,426 --> 00:42:04,060
For more than a thousand years,
563
00:42:04,060 --> 00:42:06,100
they have been selectively bred
564
00:42:06,100 --> 00:42:08,340
and are now treasured collector's items
565
00:42:08,340 --> 00:42:10,933
with pedigrees as valuable as race horses.
566
00:42:11,860 --> 00:42:15,360
(delicate wondrous music)
567
00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:20,903
Well kept, they can live for hundreds of years.
568
00:42:30,250 --> 00:42:33,130
The koi has become a national icon
569
00:42:33,130 --> 00:42:36,453
and symbol of love, prosperity and good fortune.
570
00:42:37,300 --> 00:42:39,880
The distinctive colors are all said
571
00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:42,780
to denote different traits, such as virility,
572
00:42:42,780 --> 00:42:44,810
energy or masculinity.
573
00:42:44,810 --> 00:42:48,283
But Japan's links to nature are much more than just pets.
574
00:42:50,545 --> 00:42:55,545
(birds calling)
(insects chirping)
575
00:42:56,063 --> 00:42:58,813
(soothing music)
576
00:43:05,640 --> 00:43:09,180
The seasons of the islands are startling in their beauty
577
00:43:09,180 --> 00:43:11,243
and at the center of everyday life.
578
00:43:13,260 --> 00:43:17,200
Throughout Japan, spring is celebrated through Hanami,
579
00:43:17,200 --> 00:43:18,980
the blossom festival.
580
00:43:18,980 --> 00:43:21,220
Hanami means, viewing flowers,
581
00:43:21,220 --> 00:43:23,430
and for more than a thousand years,
582
00:43:23,430 --> 00:43:25,833
the Japanese have enjoyed doing just that.
583
00:43:27,755 --> 00:43:30,422
(birds singing)
584
00:43:31,464 --> 00:43:35,380
(crowds murmur in foreign language)
585
00:43:35,380 --> 00:43:39,250
Central to the festival is picnicking under the blossom,
586
00:43:39,250 --> 00:43:41,952
a feast to celebrate nature.
587
00:43:41,952 --> 00:43:46,452
(crowds speaking in foreign language)
588
00:43:56,357 --> 00:43:59,570
(soft music)
589
00:43:59,570 --> 00:44:02,620
And later in the year, there is another festival
590
00:44:02,620 --> 00:44:05,177
to celebrate the majestic colors of autumn.
591
00:44:13,080 --> 00:44:14,930
To survive harsh winters,
592
00:44:14,930 --> 00:44:17,423
trees withdraw the nutrients from their leaves.
593
00:44:18,280 --> 00:44:20,570
The chlorophyll that gives them their green color
594
00:44:20,570 --> 00:44:24,053
breaks down and reveals instead the reds and yellows.
595
00:44:25,310 --> 00:44:28,477
(mystical pipe music)
596
00:44:39,559 --> 00:44:44,559
(leaves rustling)
(wind whistling)
597
00:44:45,113 --> 00:44:48,440
As the colors spread across Japan, tourists follow it
598
00:44:48,440 --> 00:44:51,173
to marvel at a display of color like no other.
599
00:44:54,370 --> 00:44:57,980
For the Japanese, blossom and autumn leaves are revered
600
00:44:57,980 --> 00:44:59,303
for their fleeting beauty,
601
00:45:00,330 --> 00:45:03,600
fueling the philosophy to enjoy it while it lasts
602
00:45:03,600 --> 00:45:05,423
because nothing lasts forever.
603
00:45:10,172 --> 00:45:11,230
(wind howls)
(cranes honk)
604
00:45:11,230 --> 00:45:14,220
Perhaps that's why Japanese people have stepped in
605
00:45:14,220 --> 00:45:16,700
to help their endangered species,
606
00:45:16,700 --> 00:45:18,543
bringing them back from the brink,
607
00:45:19,390 --> 00:45:22,750
keeping the hidden natural wonders of Japan alive
608
00:45:22,750 --> 00:45:24,903
for future generations to enjoy.
609
00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:30,800
(light percussion music)
(animals chatter)
610
00:45:37,324 --> 00:45:42,324
(bright cheerful music)
(birds chirp)
611
00:45:42,324 --> 00:45:44,324
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45239
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