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{\an1}-Europe -- a continent renowned
for its spectacular cities
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{\an1}and civilizations.
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{\an8}♪♪
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But this is
a surprisingly wild land,
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{\an1}with over 10 million
square kilometers
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{\an1}of diverse natural habitat...
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{\an1}stretching from the northernmost
reaches of the Arctic...
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{\an1}to the crystal-clear waters
of the Mediterranean Sea.
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{\an8}♪♪
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And across this
extraordinary continent,
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{\an1}an epic transformation
is under way...
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{\an1}as the wild heart of Europe
is unleashed once more.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}People are supporting
the natural world.
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{\an1}-Let's go to the nest
and see how the chick is.
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{\an1}-Species are being reintroduced.
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{\an1}-He's not sleeping very well,
so we have to be really fast.
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{\an1}-And nature itself
is bouncing back.
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[ Wolf growls ]
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[ Deer bleats ]
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{\an1}The circle of life
is being reforged...
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{\an1}as the wild returns to Europe.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}In the Carpathian Mountains,
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{\an1}a wildlife reintroduction
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{\an1}is transforming the land
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{\an1}and making Europe's
untamed heart
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even wilder.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}-In the east of Europe
lies a wild paradise...
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a rugged forest
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{\an1}where dense foliage
camouflages and protects...
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{\an1}one of the most elusive cats
on the continent...
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{\an1}[ Birds chirping ]
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{\an1}...the Eurasian lynx.
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{\an1}The largest of the four
lynx species,
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{\an1}this secretive wild cat
thrives here.
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{\an1}It's the perfect place
to raise cubs...
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{\an1}like these little fellows,
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{\an1}who are completely
dependent on Mom.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}She tries to clean them,
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{\an1}but they have other ideas.
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[ Cubs growling ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}At 2 months old, they just want
to play and explore.
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{\an1}[ Cubs continue growling ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}If they wander off...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...Mom is never far behind.
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[ Cub growls ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}She'll take care of them
for the next 8 months...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...until they learn to hunt
on their own.
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{\an1}Then they'll leave her
and find their own territories,
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{\an1}starting new lives
as solitary predators.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}There's around 10,000 Eurasian
lynx living in Europe...
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{\an1}and a quarter of them
live here...
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{\an1}in the Carpathian Mountains.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}The Carpathians are a stronghold
for the lynx
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{\an1}and many other species.
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{\an1}Here, a wide range of wildlife
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{\an1}thrives on rugged landscapes...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...and in pristine water.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}The Carpathians span
over 1,500 kilometers...
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and run through
eight separate countries.
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{\an8}♪♪
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For centuries,
they've been a refuge
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for Europe's
most iconic species.
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{\an8}♪♪
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Predators...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...and prey animals...
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{\an1}large and small...
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{\an1}find refuge in this
biodiversity hotspot.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}But one of the ecosystem's
most important creatures...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}...did not find protection here.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}The European Bison.
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{\an1}It's the continent's
largest land mammal,
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{\an1}standing almost 2 meters tall
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{\an1}and weighing almost
as much as a car.
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{\an1}[ Bison growling ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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Today, it's rarer
than the white rhino.
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{\an1}But once, the species
used to roam all across Europe.
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00:06:03,466 --> 00:06:10,333
{\an8}♪♪
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Until the end
of the World War I...
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...when due to hunting
and habitat loss,
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{\an1}not a single bison
was left in the wild.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Out of the few individuals
that survived in captivity,
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{\an1}12 were carefully bred
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in order to keep
the gene line going.
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{\an1}Today their descendants,
captive and wild, number 7,000.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}Bison are a key species with the
power to shape the landscape.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}A single male can eat
over 30 kilos of plants
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{\an1}and grasses in a day...
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{\an1}which transforms overgrown land
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to a patchwork
of meadow and forest.
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And they love
getting down and dirty.
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{\an1}By rolling in the sand
to get rid of parasites,
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{\an1}they clear the ground
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{\an1}for smaller animals and insects.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Thanks to human intervention,
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European bison
are slowly recovering.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Here at the Tierpark Berlin,
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{\an1}a team of specialists
is working closely
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{\an1}with the conservation groups
Rewilding Europe and WWF.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Their joint mission --
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reintroduce bison
to the Carpathians
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after more than
200 years of absence
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and help restore
Europe's ecosystem.
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{\an8}♪♪
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It's an intensive
breeding program.
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Each animal is
carefully selected.
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[ Bison grunts ]
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{\an1}Over the last five years,
more than 50 bison
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{\an1}have been released into
the mountains of Romania.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Today, after months
of preparation,
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{\an1}five more are ready
to join them.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}[ Indistinct conversations
in German ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}They're an independent herd,
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{\an1}headed by a matriarch
called Tirunesh.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}-Tirunesh is a good
leading female.
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{\an8}She is strong.
She know what she's doing.
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{\an7}So she will hopefully
lead the younger group
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{\an1}through the first winter.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}-First, the bison need to beloaded into individual crates...
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{\an1}[ Bison grunting ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}...which is easier said
than done.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}The keepers are trying
to stay out of sight.
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{\an8}♪♪
159
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{\an1}But to convince some
of the younger bison...
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{\an1}now they have to get creative.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Even a juvenile could cause
a fatal injury with its horns.
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{\an1}But eventually, the bison
is moved safely into the crate.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}These young bison have no idea
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{\an1}of the scale of the mission
that lies ahead.
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{\an8}♪♪
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They face
a 1,300-kilometer journey
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{\an1}through the heart of Europe.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}It takes two days on the road
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{\an1}for the bison to finally reach
their new home...
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{\an1}The Carpathian Mountains.
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{\an8}♪♪
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Now they're set
to join 18 others
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{\an1}in a bid to ignite a new era...
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{\an1}for this gentle giant
of the animal kingdom.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Matriarch Tirunesh
and her four companions
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{\an1}have never been free before.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Now with over 60 bison
roaming the Carpathians,
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{\an1}nature can take advantage
of their presence
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{\an1}in all kinds of ways.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Animals can thrive
where bison graze and wallow.
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{\an8}♪♪
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New plants grow
in freshly grazed land.
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{\an8}♪♪
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00:12:01,866 --> 00:12:07,366
Insects, birds,
mammals, and reptiles
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00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:11,566
all benefit
from the bison's return.
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[ Bird chirps ]
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Even their hoof prints
come in handy.
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{\an8}♪♪
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{\an1}Filled up with rain water,
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{\an1}it becomes a welcome pit stop
for an adventurer...
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{\an1}on an epic journey.
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00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:38,100
{\an8}♪♪
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00:12:38,133 --> 00:12:40,733
{\an1}This female yellow-bellied toad
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{\an1}may have to travel
almost 200 meters
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{\an1}in search of a pond
to lay her eggs.
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{\an8}♪♪
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00:12:53,700 --> 00:12:56,700
{\an1}The water-filled hoof print
lets her soak up oxygen
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00:12:56,733 --> 00:13:01,033
{\an1}through her huge pores,
allowing her to breathe.
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00:13:01,066 --> 00:13:04,866
{\an8}♪♪
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00:13:04,900 --> 00:13:07,733
{\an1}But she must continue
her journey.
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00:13:07,766 --> 00:13:14,700
{\an8}♪♪
213
00:13:14,733 --> 00:13:17,833
{\an1}And when you're just
5 centimeters tall,
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it's a long road.
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00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:23,900
{\an8}♪♪
216
00:13:23,933 --> 00:13:25,433
She's lucky.
217
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{\an1}There's another perfect puddle
just around the corner...
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00:13:30,966 --> 00:13:35,533
{\an1}providing a little relaxation
for the toad in the hole.
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00:13:35,566 --> 00:13:38,600
{\an8}♪♪
220
00:13:38,633 --> 00:13:42,866
{\an1}The hoof print pools warm up
quickly in the sunlight,
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00:13:42,900 --> 00:13:46,800
{\an1}creating a warming bath
for this cold-blooded creature.
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00:13:46,833 --> 00:13:51,433
{\an8}♪♪
223
00:13:51,466 --> 00:13:53,566
{\an1}With one last push...
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00:13:53,600 --> 00:14:02,366
{\an8}♪♪
225
00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:06,100
{\an1}...she finally reaches
the perfect pond.
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00:14:06,133 --> 00:14:10,100
{\an8}♪♪
227
00:14:10,133 --> 00:14:13,133
{\an1}But she's got company --
228
00:14:13,166 --> 00:14:17,066
dozens of males
looking for love.
229
00:14:17,100 --> 00:14:20,500
{\an8}♪♪
230
00:14:20,533 --> 00:14:22,866
{\an1}It's unlikely this female
would ever have made it
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00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,966
{\an1}to this mating pond
232
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:32,066
{\an1}without the help of the
water-filled bison tracks...
233
00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:37,966
{\an1}making the bison an improbable
Cupid in this toad romance.
234
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:45,100
{\an8}♪♪
235
00:14:45,133 --> 00:14:52,233
{\an8}♪♪
236
00:14:52,266 --> 00:14:54,833
{\an1}With the change of seasons,
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00:14:54,866 --> 00:14:57,733
{\an1}these mega herbivores
bring new opportunities
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00:14:57,766 --> 00:15:00,266
{\an1}to the Carpathian's residents.
239
00:15:00,300 --> 00:15:05,866
{\an8}♪♪
240
00:15:05,900 --> 00:15:11,433
{\an8}♪♪
241
00:15:11,466 --> 00:15:16,033
{\an1}When the mountains become
blanketed in thick snow...
242
00:15:16,066 --> 00:15:19,900
{\an1}predators have to work harder.
243
00:15:19,933 --> 00:15:22,366
{\an1}In Romania's Carpathians,
244
00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:25,566
this red fox
is looking for a meal.
245
00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:30,033
{\an1}But he's not relying
on his eyes.
246
00:15:30,066 --> 00:15:35,233
{\an1}Instead, he uses his
excellent sense of smell...
247
00:15:35,266 --> 00:15:36,933
and hearing...
248
00:15:36,966 --> 00:15:39,633
{\an1}to locate a suitable snack.
249
00:15:39,666 --> 00:15:43,200
[ Rodent chirps ]
250
00:15:43,233 --> 00:15:47,266
{\an1}The fox can detect and stalk
a rodent under the snow
251
00:15:47,300 --> 00:15:50,033
{\an1}from around 30 meters away.
252
00:15:50,066 --> 00:15:54,633
{\an8}♪♪
253
00:15:54,666 --> 00:15:59,500
{\an1}And when it pounces,
it uses its tail like a rudder,
254
00:15:59,533 --> 00:16:01,100
{\an1}to balance in midair.
255
00:16:01,133 --> 00:16:04,533
[ Rodent chirps ]
256
00:16:04,566 --> 00:16:06,533
[ Bird cawing ]
257
00:16:06,566 --> 00:16:10,433
Success.
258
00:16:10,466 --> 00:16:12,666
{\an1}[ Animal screeches ]
259
00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:16,233
{\an1}Foxes aren't the only ones
looking for food in winter.
260
00:16:16,266 --> 00:16:19,166
{\an8}♪♪
261
00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:20,766
{\an1}Bison continue to graze
262
00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,566
on grasses hidden
beneath the snow.
263
00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:25,566
{\an1}[ Animal chirping ]
264
00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:28,200
{\an1}But they also rely
on small trees and branches
265
00:16:28,233 --> 00:16:30,333
{\an1}to make it through.
266
00:16:30,366 --> 00:16:32,533
{\an8}♪♪
267
00:16:32,566 --> 00:16:35,400
As they continue
to graze the forest,
268
00:16:35,433 --> 00:16:39,800
all this eating
creates open areas...
269
00:16:39,833 --> 00:16:43,366
{\an1}and makes room for one of
the most unusual mating rituals
270
00:16:43,400 --> 00:16:45,366
to take place.
271
00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:47,366
{\an8}♪♪
272
00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:50,566
{\an1}Dawn in Europe's pine forest,
273
00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:55,900
{\an1}and time for the headliner
to make an appearance...
274
00:16:55,933 --> 00:17:00,200
{\an1}a male capercaillie
looking for love.
275
00:17:00,233 --> 00:17:02,533
[ Bird clicking ]
276
00:17:02,566 --> 00:17:05,766
{\an1}To attract attention,
he calls continuously
277
00:17:05,800 --> 00:17:09,500
{\an1}and fans his tail feathers.
278
00:17:09,533 --> 00:17:12,633
{\an1}He's chosen this clearing
for its good acoustics
279
00:17:12,666 --> 00:17:15,933
and visibility.
280
00:17:15,966 --> 00:17:18,866
And it works.
281
00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:21,600
{\an1}The female is transfixed.
282
00:17:21,633 --> 00:17:25,166
{\an1}[ Bird continues clicking ]
283
00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:29,866
{\an1}But there's competition.
284
00:17:29,900 --> 00:17:34,566
{\an1}Another male arrives, and things
quickly turn serious.
285
00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:36,866
♪♪
286
00:17:36,900 --> 00:17:39,833
{\an1}He's prepared to fight.
287
00:17:39,866 --> 00:17:42,800
{\an8}♪♪
288
00:17:42,833 --> 00:17:45,600
[ Bird clicking ]
289
00:17:45,633 --> 00:17:48,100
{\an1}At first, it's just
a lot of noise.
290
00:17:48,133 --> 00:17:52,633
{\an8}♪♪
291
00:17:52,666 --> 00:17:55,233
{\an1}But then things get physical.
292
00:17:55,266 --> 00:17:58,433
{\an8}♪♪
293
00:17:58,466 --> 00:18:01,433
The two warriors
can't lose focus.
294
00:18:01,466 --> 00:18:06,800
{\an8}♪♪
295
00:18:06,833 --> 00:18:09,933
One false move
could lead to injury...
296
00:18:09,966 --> 00:18:12,966
or even death.
297
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:14,700
They face off...
298
00:18:14,733 --> 00:18:18,000
{\an1}until one concedes defeat.
299
00:18:18,033 --> 00:18:20,633
{\an1}[ Birds screeching, clicking ]
300
00:18:25,166 --> 00:18:28,133
{\an1}And the winner gets
what he came for.
301
00:18:28,166 --> 00:18:31,766
[ Bird clicking ]
302
00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:35,100
Or maybe not.
303
00:18:35,133 --> 00:18:38,466
{\an8}♪♪
304
00:18:38,500 --> 00:18:41,800
{\an1}In the depths of winter,
the return of bison
305
00:18:41,833 --> 00:18:45,633
{\an1}is having a positive impact
on the region and its animals.
306
00:18:45,666 --> 00:18:48,700
{\an8}♪♪
307
00:18:48,733 --> 00:18:51,200
{\an1}But for the mountains'
top predator,
308
00:18:51,233 --> 00:18:54,500
{\an1}the re-introduction
of the mega herbivore
309
00:18:54,533 --> 00:18:58,866
{\an1}is beginning to satisfy
a very different primal urge.
310
00:18:58,900 --> 00:19:01,466
{\an8}♪♪
311
00:19:01,500 --> 00:19:05,066
{\an1}A stocky bison would provide
plenty of meat
312
00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:07,400
{\an1}for a hungry pack.
313
00:19:07,433 --> 00:19:09,700
{\an8}♪♪
314
00:19:09,733 --> 00:19:13,900
Wolves may be
exceptional hunters,
315
00:19:13,933 --> 00:19:17,233
{\an1}but they will not turn down
a chance to scavenge.
316
00:19:17,266 --> 00:19:20,066
[ Wolf yelps ]
317
00:19:20,100 --> 00:19:22,400
Up to one quarter
of all bison calves
318
00:19:22,433 --> 00:19:24,733
{\an1}die in their first year.
319
00:19:24,766 --> 00:19:28,200
{\an1}But their carcasses
don't go to waste.
320
00:19:28,233 --> 00:19:32,600
{\an1}The remains of this 1-year-old
will feed the entire pack.
321
00:19:32,633 --> 00:19:34,766
{\an8}♪♪
322
00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:39,833
{\an1}Each wolf can eat up to 20%
of its bodyweight in one go.
323
00:19:39,866 --> 00:19:41,833
{\an1}[ Wolves growling ]
324
00:19:41,866 --> 00:19:47,900
{\an8}♪♪
325
00:19:47,933 --> 00:19:53,966
{\an8}♪♪
326
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,466
Wolf packs
have a strict hierarchy.
327
00:19:56,500 --> 00:19:57,866
{\an1}[ Wolves snarling ]
328
00:19:57,900 --> 00:20:00,300
And each wolf
must take its turn.
329
00:20:03,233 --> 00:20:07,000
{\an8}♪♪
330
00:20:07,033 --> 00:20:08,933
Until the party
is interrupted...
331
00:20:08,966 --> 00:20:12,566
[ Bison lows ]
332
00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:15,800
{\an1}...by a herd of bison.
333
00:20:15,833 --> 00:20:18,233
{\an1}[ Bison growling ]
334
00:20:18,266 --> 00:20:23,966
{\an8}♪♪
335
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:28,633
Each bison weighs
more than 15 wolves combined.
336
00:20:28,666 --> 00:20:32,700
{\an8}♪♪
337
00:20:32,733 --> 00:20:34,966
[ Wolf growls ]
338
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:38,733
{\an1}And they know how to fight.
339
00:20:38,766 --> 00:20:40,800
[ Bison growling,
wolves barking ]
340
00:20:40,833 --> 00:20:43,233
{\an1}Wolves suffer more injuries
from these animals
341
00:20:43,266 --> 00:20:46,633
{\an1}than any other adversary.
342
00:20:46,666 --> 00:20:50,200
{\an1}And it's not long before
they abandon the carcass.
343
00:20:50,233 --> 00:20:53,066
{\an8}♪♪
344
00:20:53,100 --> 00:20:56,266
{\an1}Wolves once hunted bison
here in Europe.
345
00:20:56,300 --> 00:20:58,433
{\an8}♪♪
346
00:20:58,466 --> 00:21:00,900
{\an1}But after centuries
without them,
347
00:21:00,933 --> 00:21:05,300
{\an1}European wolves have forgotten
how to tackle such large prey.
348
00:21:05,333 --> 00:21:07,600
[ Bison grunts ]
349
00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:10,800
{\an1}So these massive herbivores
are safe...
350
00:21:10,833 --> 00:21:13,566
for now.
351
00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:17,466
{\an1}However, there is little they
can do for their fallen kin.
352
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:23,333
{\an8}♪♪
353
00:21:23,366 --> 00:21:29,233
{\an8}♪♪
354
00:21:29,266 --> 00:21:30,933
{\an1}Just like the bison,
355
00:21:30,966 --> 00:21:36,100
wolves in Europe
almost went extinct.
356
00:21:36,133 --> 00:21:38,600
{\an1}Continent-wide hunting
and culling
357
00:21:38,633 --> 00:21:41,033
{\an1}caused wolf numbers to plummet.
358
00:21:41,066 --> 00:21:43,100
{\an8}♪♪
359
00:21:43,133 --> 00:21:46,966
{\an1}Fortunately, hunting regulation
and legal protection
360
00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:49,200
{\an1}came just in the nick of time.
361
00:21:49,233 --> 00:21:51,933
[ Bird chirping ]
362
00:21:51,966 --> 00:21:56,266
{\an1}Now the wolf population
hasn't just survived.
363
00:21:56,300 --> 00:21:59,100
{\an1}It's made a remarkable comeback.
364
00:21:59,133 --> 00:22:03,700
{\an1}And today, there are more wolves
in Europe than in the U.S.
365
00:22:03,733 --> 00:22:08,266
{\an8}♪♪
366
00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:11,966
{\an1}[ Wolves yelping, howling ]
367
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,733
{\an8}♪♪
368
00:22:14,766 --> 00:22:18,500
This is a wolf
rendezvous site...
369
00:22:18,533 --> 00:22:22,000
a key location
in a pack's territory,
370
00:22:22,033 --> 00:22:24,466
where the wolves gather to play,
371
00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:27,800
{\an1}sleep, and feed their pups.
372
00:22:27,833 --> 00:22:31,133
[ Pups whining ]
373
00:22:31,166 --> 00:22:32,666
At 2 months old,
374
00:22:32,700 --> 00:22:37,300
{\an1}these pups are just
a few weeks out of the den.
375
00:22:37,333 --> 00:22:39,500
{\an1}They are born curious.
376
00:22:39,533 --> 00:22:41,466
[ Pups growling ]
377
00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:44,433
{\an1}It's how they learn
about the world.
378
00:22:44,466 --> 00:22:46,933
{\an1}But they're already
becoming a handful.
379
00:22:46,966 --> 00:22:49,400
{\an8}♪♪
380
00:22:49,433 --> 00:22:52,000
{\an1}So while the adults
are out hunting,
381
00:22:52,033 --> 00:22:53,866
{\an1}they've been left behind.
382
00:22:53,900 --> 00:22:57,933
{\an8}♪♪
383
00:22:57,966 --> 00:23:00,300
{\an1}But they're not on their own.
384
00:23:00,333 --> 00:23:02,333
{\an1}They have a babysitter.
385
00:23:02,366 --> 00:23:05,200
{\an8}♪♪
386
00:23:05,233 --> 00:23:08,566
{\an1}He keeps them entertained
until their parents return.
387
00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:10,933
{\an1}[ Wolves growling ]
388
00:23:10,966 --> 00:23:15,800
{\an8}♪♪
389
00:23:15,833 --> 00:23:17,066
{\an1}It will be a few months still
390
00:23:17,100 --> 00:23:19,933
{\an1}until they're old enough
to join the hunt.
391
00:23:19,966 --> 00:23:22,266
{\an8}♪♪
392
00:23:22,300 --> 00:23:25,300
{\an1}For now, they're happy
to take the opportunity
393
00:23:25,333 --> 00:23:28,200
{\an1}to run the babysitter ragged.
394
00:23:28,233 --> 00:23:31,333
[ Pups yelp ]
395
00:23:31,366 --> 00:23:33,100
{\an1}It's not only the adult wolves
396
00:23:33,133 --> 00:23:35,866
with the pups'
best interest in mind.
397
00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:39,700
{\an8}♪♪
398
00:23:39,733 --> 00:23:43,933
{\an1}Across the continent,
human attitudes have changed,
399
00:23:43,966 --> 00:23:46,633
{\an1}and rewilding efforts
are attempting to monitor
400
00:23:46,666 --> 00:23:49,300
{\an1}the wolves' amazing comeback.
401
00:23:49,333 --> 00:23:51,866
{\an8}♪♪
402
00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:56,833
{\an1}Over 900 kilometers north
of the Carpathians,
403
00:23:56,866 --> 00:24:01,200
{\an1}Polish wolf populations
have defied all expectations.
404
00:24:01,233 --> 00:24:03,200
{\an8}♪♪
405
00:24:03,233 --> 00:24:07,033
{\an1}Here in the depths of Poland's
isolated forests...
406
00:24:07,066 --> 00:24:09,666
{\an1}scientists are scouring
the woodland,
407
00:24:09,700 --> 00:24:13,666
looking for wolf
rendezvous sites.
408
00:24:13,700 --> 00:24:18,033
{\an1}But these apex predators
are notoriously hard to find.
409
00:24:18,066 --> 00:24:21,566
{\an8}♪♪
410
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:23,800
{\an1}Wolf expert Sabina Nowak
411
00:24:23,833 --> 00:24:27,833
{\an1}has been studying wolves
in Poland for 20 years...
412
00:24:27,866 --> 00:24:30,566
{\an8}♪♪
413
00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:34,133
{\an1}...and goes to drastic lengths
to find her subjects.
414
00:24:34,166 --> 00:24:37,000
{\an8}♪♪
415
00:24:37,033 --> 00:24:40,500
{\an1}One of the many methods
she utilizes is tracking.
416
00:24:43,766 --> 00:24:45,600
With her team,
she scans the landscape
417
00:24:45,633 --> 00:24:49,200
for anything
the wolves have left behind.
418
00:24:49,233 --> 00:24:52,066
-On the junction,
we have some tracks
419
00:24:52,100 --> 00:24:56,933
which look like
pup's track. Yeah.
420
00:24:56,966 --> 00:24:58,333
{\an1}-At just 8 centimeters,
421
00:24:58,366 --> 00:25:02,000
{\an1}this paw print belongs
to a wolf pup...
422
00:25:02,033 --> 00:25:05,400
{\an1}and means Sabina is heading
in the right direction.
423
00:25:05,433 --> 00:25:08,500
{\an1}-You find some signs
and go closer and closer.
424
00:25:08,533 --> 00:25:11,933
It's like
a police investigation, yeah?
425
00:25:14,666 --> 00:25:16,766
There is a hole under the fence,
426
00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:19,466
{\an1}so it can be used by pups.
427
00:25:19,500 --> 00:25:21,600
And on the fence,
428
00:25:21,633 --> 00:25:25,666
we can see hair,
429
00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:27,300
wolf hair.
430
00:25:27,333 --> 00:25:30,966
{\an1}-Nearby paw prints and traces
of the predators' hair
431
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:35,566
{\an1}make this a likely
wolf rendezvous site
432
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:37,400
{\an1}and the perfect location
433
00:25:37,433 --> 00:25:41,266
{\an1}to set up a camera trap.
434
00:25:41,300 --> 00:25:43,233
{\an1}-Pups, they like very much
to play on roads,
435
00:25:43,266 --> 00:25:46,500
{\an1}so they emerge every evening,
and they play.
436
00:25:46,533 --> 00:25:47,900
{\an1}So there is a big probability
437
00:25:47,933 --> 00:25:51,233
{\an1}that they will be recorded
by our camera traps.
438
00:25:53,933 --> 00:25:57,000
{\an1}-Using the footage caught
on camera traps like this,
439
00:25:57,033 --> 00:25:59,566
{\an1}Sabina and the team
begin to understand
440
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:03,633
{\an1}how the European wolves
are repopulating the continent.
441
00:26:03,666 --> 00:26:06,466
{\an1}-When we set camera traps
in good place,
442
00:26:06,500 --> 00:26:10,000
{\an7}we can observe the relationship
between adults,
443
00:26:10,033 --> 00:26:12,533
{\an7}the parents, and pups.
444
00:26:12,566 --> 00:26:15,533
{\an8}♪♪
445
00:26:15,566 --> 00:26:17,933
{\an1}The monitoring of pups
is very important,
446
00:26:17,966 --> 00:26:21,933
{\an1}because we get information
about their health.
447
00:26:21,966 --> 00:26:24,533
[ Pups yelping ]
448
00:26:24,566 --> 00:26:29,933
{\an8}♪♪
449
00:26:29,966 --> 00:26:33,400
We can also
observe personalities.
450
00:26:33,433 --> 00:26:35,766
{\an1}-Some are cautious.
451
00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:41,000
{\an8}♪♪
452
00:26:41,033 --> 00:26:43,266
Others curious.
453
00:26:43,300 --> 00:26:46,000
{\an8}♪♪
454
00:26:46,033 --> 00:26:49,100
{\an1}And some don't like
being filmed at all.
455
00:26:49,133 --> 00:26:55,733
{\an8}♪♪
456
00:26:55,766 --> 00:27:02,433
{\an8}♪♪
457
00:27:02,466 --> 00:27:05,266
The Carpathians
boast so much wildlife,
458
00:27:05,300 --> 00:27:08,933
{\an1}they can help other regions ofEurope that aren't as fortunate.
459
00:27:08,966 --> 00:27:11,166
{\an8}♪♪
460
00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:12,933
[ Bird chirping ]
461
00:27:12,966 --> 00:27:15,466
{\an1}The lynx population
is a prime example.
462
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:17,466
{\an8}♪♪
463
00:27:17,500 --> 00:27:19,866
{\an1}These two lynx cubs
were born wild
464
00:27:19,900 --> 00:27:23,600
{\an1}in the Slovakian mountains.
465
00:27:23,633 --> 00:27:27,166
But one year ago,
they were both found abandoned.
466
00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:30,033
{\an8}♪♪
467
00:27:30,066 --> 00:27:34,133
{\an1}Since then, Wrano and Alfie
have been raised in captivity
468
00:27:34,166 --> 00:27:38,400
{\an1}with minimal human contact.
469
00:27:38,433 --> 00:27:41,733
{\an1}After months of rehabilitation
at the Bojnice Zoo,
470
00:27:41,766 --> 00:27:44,000
{\an1}they're ready to be freed.
471
00:27:44,033 --> 00:27:46,000
{\an8}♪♪
472
00:27:46,033 --> 00:27:48,466
{\an1}Instead of returning
to the Carpathians,
473
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:51,933
{\an1}these lynx will be
reintroduced to Germany,
474
00:27:51,966 --> 00:27:56,166
{\an1}where their species has been
extinct for 150 years.
475
00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:58,666
[ Clock ticking ]
476
00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:00,933
{\an1}The relocation team
works at night
477
00:28:00,966 --> 00:28:05,766
{\an1}to minimize visual stimulation
for the cubs.
478
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:07,500
{\an1}Once the cats are sedated,
479
00:28:07,533 --> 00:28:11,133
{\an1}carnivore expert Jakub Kubala
checks that they're healthy.
480
00:28:11,166 --> 00:28:14,400
{\an1}-[ Whispering ] We're taking
blood samples of the animal
481
00:28:14,433 --> 00:28:18,366
{\an1}and writing a really special
number on the collar
482
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:20,600
{\an1}so the German vets
can then check it
483
00:28:20,633 --> 00:28:23,466
without the need
to tranquilize him again.
484
00:28:23,500 --> 00:28:25,066
{\an1}-For Jakub and the team,
485
00:28:25,100 --> 00:28:28,233
taking the blood
is a complicated procedure.
486
00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:35,633
{\an1}Lynx are notoriously
nervous creatures.
487
00:28:35,666 --> 00:28:37,966
{\an1}And even under sedation,
their stress levels
488
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,233
{\an1}can have devastating effects.
489
00:28:40,266 --> 00:28:41,766
[ Monitor beeps ]
490
00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:43,066
{\an1}-He's not sleeping very well,
491
00:28:43,100 --> 00:28:45,300
{\an1}so we have to be really fast
as possible,
492
00:28:45,333 --> 00:28:48,300
{\an1}because he could wake up
in a moment.
493
00:28:48,333 --> 00:28:50,500
{\an1}-They have just a few minutes
to fit a collar.
494
00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:58,866
{\an8}♪♪
495
00:28:58,900 --> 00:29:02,600
{\an1}The stress of relocation,
combined with the sedatives,
496
00:29:02,633 --> 00:29:06,266
{\an1}raises the cubs' bodytemperature to dangerous levels.
497
00:29:06,300 --> 00:29:09,733
{\an8}♪♪
498
00:29:09,766 --> 00:29:11,566
{\an1}They must continually
monitor the lynx
499
00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:13,833
{\an1}to ensure they do not overheat.
500
00:29:13,866 --> 00:29:16,133
{\an1}[ Monitor beeping ]
501
00:29:16,166 --> 00:29:18,366
{\an1}Just as the process
is coming to an end,
502
00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:20,533
{\an1}things take a turn
for the worse.
503
00:29:20,566 --> 00:29:23,166
{\an8}♪♪
504
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:27,933
{\an1}The cubs, Wrano and Alfie, arenot responding well to sedation.
505
00:29:27,966 --> 00:29:31,600
{\an8}♪♪
506
00:29:31,633 --> 00:29:35,066
{\an1}Their body temperature
has become dangerously high,
507
00:29:35,100 --> 00:29:37,866
{\an1}and the team is fighting
to bring it down.
508
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:44,466
-The temperature
was still too high.
509
00:29:44,500 --> 00:29:47,533
We drop it
for almost 1/2 degree,
510
00:29:47,566 --> 00:29:50,033
{\an1}but it's still too high, so...
511
00:29:56,166 --> 00:29:57,633
-It works.
512
00:29:57,666 --> 00:29:59,700
{\an1}The lynx is finally
out of danger.
513
00:30:03,700 --> 00:30:10,033
{\an8}♪♪
514
00:30:10,066 --> 00:30:14,500
{\an1}When the check-up is complete
and the sedative wears off...
515
00:30:14,533 --> 00:30:16,500
{\an8}♪♪
516
00:30:16,533 --> 00:30:21,100
{\an1}...Wrano and Alfie are driven
through the night...
517
00:30:21,133 --> 00:30:24,366
{\an1}more than 900 kilometers
across Europe...
518
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:26,366
{\an8}♪♪
519
00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:31,633
{\an1}...to their new home
in Germany's Palatinate Forest,
520
00:30:31,666 --> 00:30:36,800
{\an1}where lynx have been absent
for more than two centuries.
521
00:30:36,833 --> 00:30:39,433
{\an1}The cubs seem eager
for freedom.
522
00:30:39,466 --> 00:30:41,433
{\an8}♪♪
523
00:30:41,466 --> 00:30:45,466
{\an1}Although these are new
surroundings, Wrano and Alfie
524
00:30:45,500 --> 00:30:50,100
{\an1}will be joining 15 other
reintroduced Eurasian lynx
525
00:30:50,133 --> 00:30:53,533
who now roam
these ancient German woodlands.
526
00:30:53,566 --> 00:30:56,366
{\an8}♪♪
527
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,100
{\an1}Finally, the moment arrives.
528
00:30:59,133 --> 00:31:06,000
{\an8}♪♪
529
00:31:06,033 --> 00:31:07,800
Wrano is off,
530
00:31:07,833 --> 00:31:11,500
{\an1}and he doesn't look back.
531
00:31:11,533 --> 00:31:14,800
{\an1}The collar he's wearing
will give the team insight
532
00:31:14,833 --> 00:31:17,666
{\an1}into the lynx's hidden lives.
533
00:31:17,700 --> 00:31:19,866
{\an8}♪♪
534
00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:22,500
{\an1}Next, it's Alfie's turn.
535
00:31:22,533 --> 00:31:25,000
{\an8}♪♪
536
00:31:25,033 --> 00:31:28,200
{\an1}He follows his adoptive brother
to freedom.
537
00:31:28,233 --> 00:31:35,500
{\an8}♪♪
538
00:31:35,533 --> 00:31:38,966
{\an1}Thanks to decades of rewilding
efforts across Europe,
539
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,133
{\an1}lynx are now repopulating
parts of Germany,
540
00:31:42,166 --> 00:31:46,333
{\an1}Switzerland, Austria, and Italy.
541
00:31:46,366 --> 00:31:53,533
{\an8}♪♪
542
00:31:53,566 --> 00:31:57,666
{\an1}While lynx have needed
a helping hand to recolonize,
543
00:31:57,700 --> 00:32:03,100
{\an1}wolves have had no trouble
finding their own way.
544
00:32:03,133 --> 00:32:05,300
{\an1}In Poland, one particular wolf
545
00:32:05,333 --> 00:32:08,766
embodies this
extraordinary story.
546
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:10,600
[ Wolf barks ]
547
00:32:10,633 --> 00:32:12,766
{\an8}♪♪
548
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:14,533
This is Kampinos,
549
00:32:14,566 --> 00:32:19,300
{\an1}a young wolf rescued
after being hit by a car.
550
00:32:19,333 --> 00:32:22,066
{\an1}And now after recovering
in captivity,
551
00:32:22,100 --> 00:32:25,033
{\an1}he's about to be set free.
552
00:32:25,066 --> 00:32:28,600
{\an1}But there's work to do first.
553
00:32:28,633 --> 00:32:30,900
{\an1}Kampinos is sedated...
554
00:32:30,933 --> 00:32:34,100
{\an8}♪♪
555
00:32:34,133 --> 00:32:36,533
{\an1}...moved to the checkup area...
556
00:32:36,566 --> 00:32:40,233
{\an8}♪♪
557
00:32:40,266 --> 00:32:42,666
{\an1}...muzzled, as a precaution...
558
00:32:42,700 --> 00:32:44,666
{\an8}♪♪
559
00:32:44,700 --> 00:32:47,000
{\an1}...and fitted with a collar.
560
00:32:47,033 --> 00:32:49,866
{\an8}♪♪
561
00:32:49,900 --> 00:32:51,966
He's then carried
to his transport crate
562
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:57,200
{\an1}for the short journey home
to Kampinos National Park...
563
00:32:57,233 --> 00:33:01,600
{\an1}where he loses no time
heading back to the wild.
564
00:33:01,633 --> 00:33:06,800
{\an8}♪♪
565
00:33:06,833 --> 00:33:10,033
{\an1}But he doesn't hang around.
566
00:33:10,066 --> 00:33:13,700
{\an1}Data from his collar shows
that shortly after his release,
567
00:33:13,733 --> 00:33:18,766
{\an1}Kampinos began an epic journey
away from his home territory,
568
00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:23,233
{\an1}and the distance he covered
defied all expectations.
569
00:33:23,266 --> 00:33:27,100
{\an8}♪♪
570
00:33:27,133 --> 00:33:30,666
{\an1}He traveled more than
600 kilometers
571
00:33:30,700 --> 00:33:33,133
{\an1}to the other side of Poland,
572
00:33:33,166 --> 00:33:37,666
{\an1}crossing fields, forests,
and mountains.
573
00:33:37,700 --> 00:33:43,500
{\an8}♪♪
574
00:33:43,533 --> 00:33:46,200
Journeying alone,
without a pack,
575
00:33:46,233 --> 00:33:50,200
{\an1}Kampinos needed easy prey
to sustain him along the way.
576
00:33:50,233 --> 00:33:55,033
{\an8}♪♪
577
00:33:55,066 --> 00:33:58,366
{\an1}The abundance of food
in the Carpathian Mountains
578
00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:01,000
is a major reason
wolves have been able to thrive
579
00:34:01,033 --> 00:34:02,933
in the region.
580
00:34:02,966 --> 00:34:07,000
{\an8}♪♪
581
00:34:07,033 --> 00:34:08,466
[ Boar grunting ]
582
00:34:08,500 --> 00:34:10,366
{\an1}One species in particular
583
00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,766
{\an1}helped wolves make it
through the hard times.
584
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:17,266
{\an8}♪♪
585
00:34:17,300 --> 00:34:18,800
Wild boar.
586
00:34:18,833 --> 00:34:21,833
[ Boar grunting ]
587
00:34:21,866 --> 00:34:24,200
{\an1}These beasts are one
of the most widely spread
588
00:34:24,233 --> 00:34:26,433
{\an1}and abundant mammals in Europe.
589
00:34:26,466 --> 00:34:28,466
{\an8}♪♪
590
00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:31,766
{\an1}They have all kinds of tricks
up their sleeve
591
00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:35,433
{\an1}to help them survive
and thrive in most habitats.
592
00:34:35,466 --> 00:34:39,266
♪♪
593
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:41,866
{\an1}First, their taste in food.
594
00:34:41,900 --> 00:34:45,366
{\an1}Wild boar will eat
almost anything...
595
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:47,833
{\an1}from roots and insects...
596
00:34:47,866 --> 00:34:51,700
{\an1}to berries and carrion.
597
00:34:51,733 --> 00:34:54,266
{\an1}Even bark is on the menu.
598
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:57,400
{\an8}♪♪
599
00:34:57,433 --> 00:35:01,400
{\an1}Nothing distracts them
from the job at hand
600
00:35:01,433 --> 00:35:04,233
{\an1}Even tussles between adult boar
601
00:35:04,266 --> 00:35:07,000
{\an1}don't stop piglets
from foraging.
602
00:35:07,033 --> 00:35:09,266
{\an1}[ Boar grunting, screeching ]
603
00:35:09,300 --> 00:35:15,000
{\an8}♪♪
604
00:35:15,033 --> 00:35:20,766
{\an8}♪♪
605
00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:24,633
{\an1}Wild boar live in groups
called sounders.
606
00:35:24,666 --> 00:35:27,800
They're led by
the dominant female.
607
00:35:27,833 --> 00:35:31,166
{\an1}And they all have to look
after the piglets...
608
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:34,066
{\an1}and keep an eye out
for predators...
609
00:35:34,100 --> 00:35:38,300
{\an8}♪♪
610
00:35:38,333 --> 00:35:41,433
{\an1}...especially the grey wolf.
611
00:35:41,466 --> 00:35:46,233
{\an8}♪♪
612
00:35:46,266 --> 00:35:51,866
{\an8}For a top predator, a sounder of
wild boar is a tempting target.
613
00:35:51,900 --> 00:35:54,333
[ Boar grunting ]
614
00:35:54,366 --> 00:36:01,566
{\an8}♪♪
615
00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:05,133
{\an8}There's plenty of prey on offer.
616
00:36:05,166 --> 00:36:07,400
{\an1}[ Boar screeching ]
617
00:36:07,433 --> 00:36:09,100
[ Wolf growling ]
618
00:36:09,133 --> 00:36:11,300
{\an1}[ Boar grunting, screeching ]
619
00:36:11,333 --> 00:36:17,200
{\an8}♪♪
620
00:36:17,233 --> 00:36:19,633
{\an1}But hunting isn't easy...
621
00:36:19,666 --> 00:36:22,966
especially
for a solitary wolf...
622
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:25,033
{\an1}without the support of a pack.
623
00:36:28,066 --> 00:36:32,700
{\an1}Wolves have a hit rate
of just 20%.
624
00:36:32,733 --> 00:36:34,833
{\an1}So it's tempting to turn
to easier prey...
625
00:36:34,866 --> 00:36:36,900
{\an1}[ Sheep bleating ]
626
00:36:36,933 --> 00:36:39,033
{\an1}...from the human world.
627
00:36:39,066 --> 00:36:44,900
{\an8}♪♪
628
00:36:44,933 --> 00:36:48,533
Local livestock
is a reliable target.
629
00:36:48,566 --> 00:36:51,600
{\an1}[ Sheep bleating ]
630
00:36:51,633 --> 00:36:54,533
{\an1}Shepherds and farmers lose
thousands of animals each year
631
00:36:54,566 --> 00:36:56,433
to wolf attacks.
632
00:36:56,466 --> 00:37:00,500
{\an8}♪♪
633
00:37:00,533 --> 00:37:03,466
Some shoot wolves
in retaliation...
634
00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:07,566
{\an8}♪♪
635
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:08,733
[ Wolf howling ]
636
00:37:08,766 --> 00:37:11,900
{\an1}...even though the predators
are protected.
637
00:37:11,933 --> 00:37:14,700
{\an8}♪♪
638
00:37:14,733 --> 00:37:16,066
It's one of
the biggest challenges
639
00:37:16,100 --> 00:37:18,066
{\an1}for wolf conservation.
640
00:37:18,100 --> 00:37:22,066
{\an8}♪♪
641
00:37:22,100 --> 00:37:24,833
{\an1}But an age-old way
of protecting livestock
642
00:37:24,866 --> 00:37:26,800
{\an1}is making a comeback...
643
00:37:26,833 --> 00:37:28,800
{\an8}♪♪
644
00:37:28,833 --> 00:37:31,333
{\an1}...and saving wolves
in the process.
645
00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:40,700
{\an1}Beyond the Carpathians,
in Northern Greece...
646
00:37:40,733 --> 00:37:42,833
{\an8}♪♪
647
00:37:42,866 --> 00:37:46,233
[ Dogs barking ]
648
00:37:46,266 --> 00:37:49,500
{\an1}...the Arcturos Center
is raising a new generation
649
00:37:49,533 --> 00:37:51,866
{\an1}of Hellenic Sheepdogs...
650
00:37:51,900 --> 00:37:53,700
[ Dog barking ]
651
00:37:53,733 --> 00:37:56,233
...with a single goal in mind...
652
00:37:56,266 --> 00:37:58,233
{\an8}♪♪
653
00:37:58,266 --> 00:38:01,366
{\an1}...to save livestock
from predators.
654
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:10,533
{\an8}♪♪
655
00:38:10,566 --> 00:38:13,566
{\an1}These working dogs may look...
656
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:16,133
and act...
657
00:38:16,166 --> 00:38:19,600
{\an1}like oversized family pets.
658
00:38:19,633 --> 00:38:21,700
[ Dogs growling ]
659
00:38:21,733 --> 00:38:26,966
{\an8}♪♪
660
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:32,200
{\an8}♪♪
661
00:38:32,233 --> 00:38:36,000
{\an1}But they've been bred
over centuries...
662
00:38:36,033 --> 00:38:39,100
{\an1}to protect and defend sheep.
663
00:38:39,133 --> 00:38:41,100
{\an8}♪♪
664
00:38:41,133 --> 00:38:44,466
{\an1}They are fierce protectors
of livestock.
665
00:38:44,500 --> 00:38:49,700
Yet the dogs
are remarkably nice to people.
666
00:38:49,733 --> 00:38:53,733
{\an1}And this is encouraged
at Arcturos...
667
00:38:53,766 --> 00:38:56,533
where they enjoy
a stress-free life.
668
00:38:56,566 --> 00:39:00,433
{\an8}♪♪
669
00:39:00,466 --> 00:39:04,266
{\an1}Socialized from a young age,
670
00:39:04,300 --> 00:39:07,000
{\an1}every one of the pups
is being prepared to work
671
00:39:07,033 --> 00:39:09,166
{\an1}as a double act in the future.
672
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:12,133
[ Dogs growling ]
673
00:39:12,166 --> 00:39:15,266
Exposure to their fellow canines
as they grow up
674
00:39:15,300 --> 00:39:19,366
{\an1}is crucial in raising awell-mannered Hellenic Sheepdog.
675
00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:21,333
{\an1}[ Dogs barking ]
676
00:39:21,366 --> 00:39:27,366
{\an8}♪♪
677
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:30,733
{\an1}However, it's not all
fun and games at Arcturos.
678
00:39:30,766 --> 00:39:32,733
{\an8}♪♪
679
00:39:32,766 --> 00:39:35,833
{\an1}Today is vaccination day.
680
00:39:35,866 --> 00:39:38,166
[ Dog whines ]
681
00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:42,300
{\an8}♪♪
682
00:39:42,333 --> 00:39:44,400
{\an1}Each dog has their blood tested
683
00:39:44,433 --> 00:39:48,200
{\an1}and is vaccinated against
half a dozen canine diseases.
684
00:39:48,233 --> 00:39:53,700
{\an8}♪♪
685
00:40:00,933 --> 00:40:02,900
{\an1}-We have to do some tests
686
00:40:02,933 --> 00:40:05,233
{\an1}so that we can take
their health status,
687
00:40:05,266 --> 00:40:07,200
{\an1}take blood samples
so that we make sure
688
00:40:07,233 --> 00:40:10,400
{\an1}that everything is okay
with their health.
689
00:40:10,433 --> 00:40:13,533
{\an1}-The vaccines are essentialto protect the Hellenic Sheepdog
690
00:40:13,566 --> 00:40:15,933
{\an1}from passing diseases on
to each other
691
00:40:15,966 --> 00:40:18,966
{\an1}and to other animals
they come into contact with.
692
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:21,700
{\an8}♪♪
693
00:40:21,733 --> 00:40:23,966
{\an1}Some are not as keen
as others...
694
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:26,033
{\an8}♪♪
695
00:40:26,066 --> 00:40:27,900
{\an1}...and need a little
encouragement.
696
00:40:29,766 --> 00:40:31,566
[ Dog whines ]
697
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:33,700
{\an1}-It's a busy day, because
we have to do all the dogs,
698
00:40:33,733 --> 00:40:36,366
{\an1}and not all the dogs
are having the same behavior.
699
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:38,866
{\an1}And we need to make sure
that they are not afraid,
700
00:40:38,900 --> 00:40:41,100
{\an1}not to be a stressful procedure
for them.
701
00:40:41,133 --> 00:40:43,566
{\an1}-[ Speaking excitedly in Greek ]
702
00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:46,500
{\an1}-Last one up is Fiesta.
703
00:40:46,533 --> 00:40:47,766
{\an1}At only 5 months old,
704
00:40:47,800 --> 00:40:50,266
{\an1}she is one of the youngest
in the pack.
705
00:40:50,300 --> 00:40:54,100
{\an1}-[ Speaking excitedly in Greek ]
706
00:40:54,133 --> 00:40:58,166
{\an1}-But unlike her siblings,
she will not become a sheepdog.
707
00:40:58,200 --> 00:41:00,233
{\an8}♪♪
708
00:41:00,266 --> 00:41:03,633
{\an1}Fiesta will soon be
a breeding female.
709
00:41:03,666 --> 00:41:06,866
{\an1}-We kept her because
we thought that morphologically
710
00:41:06,900 --> 00:41:09,200
{\an1}and also her behavior
was really good
711
00:41:09,233 --> 00:41:11,266
{\an1}to become a breeding dog.
712
00:41:11,300 --> 00:41:15,866
{\an1}-If all goes well,Fiesta will be key for Arcturos.
713
00:41:15,900 --> 00:41:19,400
{\an1}As a breeding female, she has
the potential to give birth
714
00:41:19,433 --> 00:41:22,800
to three litters
of Hellenic Sheepdogs.
715
00:41:22,833 --> 00:41:26,100
{\an8}♪♪
716
00:41:26,133 --> 00:41:27,733
{\an8}-They are not just tools for us.
717
00:41:27,766 --> 00:41:30,633
{\an7}If we have healthy
and happy dogs here,
718
00:41:30,666 --> 00:41:34,500
{\an7}it's very important for the dogs
that we give away later.
719
00:41:34,533 --> 00:41:36,100
[ Dogs barking ]
720
00:41:36,133 --> 00:41:38,200
{\an8}♪♪
721
00:41:38,233 --> 00:41:40,600
[ Man whistling ]
722
00:41:40,633 --> 00:41:45,600
{\an1}-Every year, more than 20 dogs
are donated to local shepherds.
723
00:41:45,633 --> 00:41:47,800
{\an8}♪♪
724
00:41:47,833 --> 00:41:50,733
This is Mirco.
725
00:41:50,766 --> 00:41:56,066
She arrived at her new home when
she was just 2 months old...
726
00:41:56,100 --> 00:41:58,800
{\an1}so that she could grow up
among sheep.
727
00:41:58,833 --> 00:42:00,333
{\an1}[ Sheep bleating ]
728
00:42:00,366 --> 00:42:03,600
{\an8}♪♪
729
00:42:03,633 --> 00:42:05,800
{\an1}Now she's one of the flock.
730
00:42:05,833 --> 00:42:07,833
{\an8}♪♪
731
00:42:07,866 --> 00:42:10,833
{\an1}She doesn't herd the sheep.
She simply walks with them,
732
00:42:10,866 --> 00:42:12,800
as a bodyguard.
733
00:42:12,833 --> 00:42:18,066
{\an8}♪♪
734
00:42:18,100 --> 00:42:20,133
{\an1}These dogs work in pairs...
735
00:42:20,166 --> 00:42:23,833
{\an1}keeping watch and constantly
alert for threats.
736
00:42:23,866 --> 00:42:27,866
{\an8}♪♪
737
00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:32,366
{\an1}All across Europe, similar
dog breeds do the same job...
738
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:35,266
protecting sheep
and other livestock...
739
00:42:37,366 --> 00:42:40,966
...day in,
740
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:42,666
day out...
741
00:42:42,700 --> 00:42:45,633
{\an8}♪♪
742
00:42:45,666 --> 00:42:48,033
{\an1}...and all year round.
743
00:42:48,066 --> 00:42:51,166
[ Dogs barking ]
744
00:42:51,200 --> 00:42:55,833
{\an8}♪♪
745
00:42:55,866 --> 00:43:00,400
{\an8}Usually, their presence alone is
enough to scare off predators.
746
00:43:00,433 --> 00:43:02,900
{\an8}♪♪
747
00:43:02,933 --> 00:43:05,466
{\an1}However, this is a lone wolf.
748
00:43:05,500 --> 00:43:07,600
{\an8}♪♪
749
00:43:07,633 --> 00:43:13,500
{\an1}With no pack to hunt with,
it's after an easy meal.
750
00:43:13,533 --> 00:43:16,500
{\an1}But these sheepdogs
aren't going anywhere.
751
00:43:16,533 --> 00:43:18,666
{\an1}[ Wolf growling, dogs barking ]
752
00:43:18,700 --> 00:43:22,033
{\an8}♪♪
753
00:43:22,066 --> 00:43:26,066
{\an1}Defensive by nature, they will
not initiate an attack.
754
00:43:26,100 --> 00:43:28,066
{\an8}♪♪
755
00:43:28,100 --> 00:43:29,833
{\an1}As a team, they make sure
the wolf knows
756
00:43:29,866 --> 00:43:32,633
{\an1}their flock won't be
an easy target.
757
00:43:32,666 --> 00:43:35,500
{\an1}[ Dogs continue barking ]
758
00:43:35,533 --> 00:43:41,866
{\an8}♪♪
759
00:43:41,900 --> 00:43:45,466
{\an1}The wolf looks submissive,
for a moment.
760
00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:53,300
{\an8}♪♪
761
00:43:53,333 --> 00:43:55,633
{\an1}But he's persistent.
762
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:58,400
{\an8}♪♪
763
00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:00,800
So are the dogs.
764
00:44:00,833 --> 00:44:03,733
{\an1}[ Dogs continue barking ]
765
00:44:03,766 --> 00:44:08,000
{\an1}They don't stop until the wolf
is well clear.
766
00:44:08,033 --> 00:44:13,266
{\an8}♪♪
767
00:44:13,300 --> 00:44:15,766
{\an1}Thousands of predator attacks
on livestock
768
00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:18,566
{\an1}are prevented each year by dogs.
769
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:21,933
{\an8}♪♪
770
00:44:21,966 --> 00:44:27,266
{\an8}In return, many wolves are saved
from deadly retaliation.
771
00:44:27,300 --> 00:44:33,300
{\an8}♪♪
772
00:44:33,333 --> 00:44:36,200
{\an1}When wolf numbers have a chance
to bounce back,
773
00:44:36,233 --> 00:44:41,333
{\an1}the species is capable
of extraordinary feats.
774
00:44:41,366 --> 00:44:43,566
In Poland,
a hunting ban on wolves
775
00:44:43,600 --> 00:44:48,266
came into effect
just 20 years ago.
776
00:44:48,300 --> 00:44:51,133
{\an1}Since then, not only
have their numbers grown...
777
00:44:51,166 --> 00:44:53,600
{\an8}♪♪
778
00:44:53,633 --> 00:44:58,000
{\an1}...they've also dramatically
increased their range.
779
00:44:58,033 --> 00:45:01,200
{\an1}Wolf scientist Sabina
uses GPS tracking
780
00:45:01,233 --> 00:45:04,000
and DNA analysis
of Polish wolves
781
00:45:04,033 --> 00:45:07,666
{\an1}to make a startling discovery.
782
00:45:07,700 --> 00:45:09,300
{\an1}In just two decades,
783
00:45:09,333 --> 00:45:12,166
{\an1}wolves originating
in Northeastern Poland
784
00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:15,433
{\an1}have traveled to the very edge
of Western Europe...
785
00:45:15,466 --> 00:45:19,266
{\an1}settling along the way
in Western Poland, Germany,
786
00:45:19,300 --> 00:45:23,133
Denmark, Belgium,
and even the Netherlands.
787
00:45:23,166 --> 00:45:27,466
{\an8}♪♪
788
00:45:31,333 --> 00:45:33,866
The return of
this iconic predator
789
00:45:33,900 --> 00:45:39,400
{\an1}is down to human interventionand the wolf's adaptable nature.
790
00:45:39,433 --> 00:45:42,000
{\an1}-Some wolves are very adaptive.
791
00:45:42,033 --> 00:45:45,200
They can accept
the human presence.
792
00:45:45,233 --> 00:45:51,366
{\an8}♪♪
793
00:45:51,400 --> 00:45:54,700
{\an1}When you give wolves a chance,
they will settle.
794
00:45:54,733 --> 00:45:57,966
{\an1}They will recover.
795
00:45:58,000 --> 00:46:02,433
{\an1}-A helping hand is all nature
needs to bounce back
796
00:46:02,466 --> 00:46:05,900
{\an1}and establish itself
in the modern world.
797
00:46:05,933 --> 00:46:12,066
{\an8}♪♪
798
00:46:12,100 --> 00:46:18,233
{\an8}♪♪
799
00:46:18,266 --> 00:46:20,700
{\an1}The European bison,
800
00:46:20,733 --> 00:46:24,200
{\an1}which once teetered
on the brink of extinction,
801
00:46:24,233 --> 00:46:27,933
now thrive in
the Southern Carpathians.
802
00:46:27,966 --> 00:46:32,333
{\an8}♪♪
803
00:46:32,366 --> 00:46:35,000
{\an1}Herds reshape the landscape.
804
00:46:35,033 --> 00:46:41,433
{\an8}♪♪
805
00:46:41,466 --> 00:46:44,266
{\an1}Calves are born wild.
806
00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:52,433
{\an8}♪♪
807
00:46:52,466 --> 00:47:00,666
{\an8}♪♪
808
00:47:00,700 --> 00:47:03,966
{\an8}Predator and prey alike benefit.
809
00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:08,733
{\an8}♪♪
810
00:47:08,766 --> 00:47:11,133
[ Pups whining ]
811
00:47:11,166 --> 00:47:21,100
{\an8}♪♪
812
00:47:21,133 --> 00:47:23,033
{\an1}Together, these creatures
813
00:47:23,066 --> 00:47:26,500
are reviving
the Carpathian Mountains...
814
00:47:26,533 --> 00:47:29,233
{\an8}♪♪
815
00:47:29,266 --> 00:47:34,266
{\an1}...making one of the wildest
places on the continent...
816
00:47:34,300 --> 00:47:36,500
even wilder.
817
00:47:36,533 --> 00:47:42,933
{\an8}♪♪
818
00:47:42,966 --> 00:47:45,133
[ Bird clicking ]
819
00:47:45,166 --> 00:47:47,266
{\an8}♪♪
820
00:47:47,300 --> 00:47:49,533
{\an1}[ Bison grunting ]
821
00:47:49,566 --> 00:47:52,666
{\an8}♪♪
822
00:47:52,700 --> 00:47:54,700
[ Bear roars ]
823
00:47:54,733 --> 00:47:59,766
{\an8}♪♪
824
00:48:01,166 --> 00:48:06,300
{\an8}♪♪
825
00:48:06,333 --> 00:48:11,500
{\an8}♪♪
826
00:48:11,533 --> 00:48:14,233
{\an7}-To order "Europe's New Wild"
on DVD,
827
00:48:14,266 --> 00:48:18,066
{\an8}visit ShopPBS
or call 1-800-PLAY-PBS.
828
00:48:18,100 --> 00:48:20,600
{\an8}Also available
on Amazon Prime Video.
829
00:48:20,633 --> 00:48:29,833
{\an8}♪♪
60415
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