Original subtitles

London Heathrow is the busiest

London Heathrow is the busiest

London Heathrow is the busiest International Airport in the world

International Airport in the world

International Airport in the world it handles nearly half a million flights

it handles nearly half a million flights

it handles nearly half a million flights and could easily feed the entire British

and could easily feed the entire British

and could easily feed the entire British population through its gates every year

for Heathrow to get this big it took a

for Heathrow to get this big it took a

for Heathrow to get this big it took a series of major technological

series of major technological

series of major technological innovations we have lined up seven

innovations we have lined up seven

innovations we have lined up seven landmark airports historic Giants of

landmark airports historic Giants of

landmark airports historic Giants of aviation at the heart of each one lies a

aviation at the heart of each one lies a

aviation at the heart of each one lies a technology that allowed airports to feed

technology that allowed airports to feed

technology that allowed airports to feed ever more people through their gates

ever more people through their gates

ever more people through their gates safely quickly and comfortably one by

safely quickly and comfortably one by

safely quickly and comfortably one by one traveling up the scale will reveal

one traveling up the scale will reveal

one traveling up the scale will reveal the incredible stories behind these

the incredible stories behind these

the incredible stories behind these efforts and the inventions that

efforts and the inventions that

efforts and the inventions that transform them into sprawling city like

transform them into sprawling city like

transform them into sprawling city like structures seven ingenious leaps forward

structures seven ingenious leaps forward

structures seven ingenious leaps forward that enabled airports to evolve from big

that enabled airports to evolve from big

that enabled airports to evolve from big to bigger into the world's biggest

Heathrow Airport Britain's gateway to

Heathrow Airport Britain's gateway to

Heathrow Airport Britain's gateway to the world and a huge powerhouse for the

the world and a huge powerhouse for the

the world and a huge powerhouse for the country's economy

and now it will get even bigger

t5 an immense new terminal that cost

t5 an immense new terminal that cost

t5 an immense new terminal that cost over eight billion dollars to build is

over eight billion dollars to build is

over eight billion dollars to build is about to open

lead architect Mike Davis can't wait

lead architect Mike Davis can't wait

lead architect Mike Davis can't wait it's going to be fantastic it's nineteen

it's going to be fantastic it's nineteen

it's going to be fantastic it's nineteen years of work all we're good to come to

years of work all we're good to come to

years of work all we're good to come to fruition when the first plane comes

fruition when the first plane comes

fruition when the first plane comes through t5 has three huge terminal

through t5 has three huge terminal

through t5 has three huge terminal buildings assembled from 80,000 tons of

buildings assembled from 80,000 tons of

buildings assembled from 80,000 tons of steel

the main terminal is a true skyscraper

the main terminal is a true skyscraper

the main terminal is a true skyscraper of a German reaching 14 meters into the

of a German reaching 14 meters into the

of a German reaching 14 meters into the sky this is a building of immense

sky this is a building of immense

sky this is a building of immense complexity we had to satisfy the needs

complexity we had to satisfy the needs

complexity we had to satisfy the needs of 43 different groups of people to make

of 43 different groups of people to make

of 43 different groups of people to make sure that this building got a ticking

sure that this building got a ticking

sure that this building got a ticking the box from everybody and you're

the box from everybody and you're

the box from everybody and you're talking about major systems like

talking about major systems like

talking about major systems like passenger check-in and you've got the

passenger check-in and you've got the

passenger check-in and you've got the retail and various passenger services

retail and various passenger services

retail and various passenger services we've got three big railway stations

we've got three big railway stations

we've got three big railway stations under this building all of that has to

under this building all of that has to

under this building all of that has to be coordinated together t5 will process

be coordinated together t5 will process

be coordinated together t5 will process 30 million passengers a year

30 million passengers a year

30 million passengers a year it takes Heathrow's capacity to nearly a

it takes Heathrow's capacity to nearly a

it takes Heathrow's capacity to nearly a hundred million travelers

to understand how he throw became this

to understand how he throw became this

to understand how he throw became this busy we need to go back in time and look

busy we need to go back in time and look

busy we need to go back in time and look at how airports begin the first big

at how airports begin the first big

at how airports begin the first big breakthrough comes with a small airport

breakthrough comes with a small airport

breakthrough comes with a small airport just outside London before it can get

just outside London before it can get

just outside London before it can get any bigger Croydon Airport must make the

any bigger Croydon Airport must make the

any bigger Croydon Airport must make the sky above it safer in 1920 Croydon is

sky above it safer in 1920 Croydon is

sky above it safer in 1920 Croydon is the main airport in London aviation is

the main airport in London aviation is

the main airport in London aviation is young and navigation primitive flying

young and navigation primitive flying

young and navigation primitive flying was really by seat-of-the-pants the

was really by seat-of-the-pants the

was really by seat-of-the-pants the pilot made use of landmarks such as

pilot made use of landmarks such as

pilot made use of landmarks such as coastlines rivers large towns roadways

coastlines rivers large towns roadways

coastlines rivers large towns roadways but the mark one eyeball can't always be

but the mark one eyeball can't always be

but the mark one eyeball can't always be trusted

on the 7th of April 1922 the French

on the 7th of April 1922 the French

on the 7th of April 1922 the French pilot heading out of Paris Airport drops

pilot heading out of Paris Airport drops

pilot heading out of Paris Airport drops below the clouds to get his bearings

scanning the ground for landmarks he

scanning the ground for landmarks he

scanning the ground for landmarks he doesn't realize that a cargo plane from

doesn't realize that a cargo plane from

doesn't realize that a cargo plane from Croydon is approaching on exactly the

Croydon is approaching on exactly the

Croydon is approaching on exactly the same heading

same heading

same heading the first collision in the history of

the first collision in the history of

the first collision in the history of civil aviation kills seven people it was

civil aviation kills seven people it was

civil aviation kills seven people it was an accident waiting to happen

an accident waiting to happen

an accident waiting to happen pilots would be looking out to see the

pilots would be looking out to see the

pilots would be looking out to see the road that they were following they were

road that they were following they were

road that they were following they were looking over the side the road was here

looking over the side the road was here

looking over the side the road was here the other chat was looking at maybe over

the other chat was looking at maybe over

the other chat was looking at maybe over the same side of the road and they were

the same side of the road and they were

the same side of the road and they were really over the top of the road to stop

really over the top of the road to stop

really over the top of the road to stop such disasters from ever happening again

such disasters from ever happening again

such disasters from ever happening again Croydon invents a clever new technology

every aircraft heading towards the

every aircraft heading towards the

every aircraft heading towards the airport sends out a radio burst a radio

airport sends out a radio burst a radio

airport sends out a radio burst a radio receiver at Croydon then measures the

receiver at Croydon then measures the

receiver at Croydon then measures the angle of this signal which reveals where

angle of this signal which reveals where

angle of this signal which reveals where the plane is coming from

the plane is coming from

the plane is coming from I'm getting a call which is telling me

I'm getting a call which is telling me

I'm getting a call which is telling me that Croydon has a bearing of one four

that Croydon has a bearing of one four

that Croydon has a bearing of one four zero so I'm taking out the mouse and

zero so I'm taking out the mouse and

zero so I'm taking out the mouse and placing it on a bearing of one four zero

but a plane's bearing isn't enough to

but a plane's bearing isn't enough to

but a plane's bearing isn't enough to pinpoint its precise position so Croydon

pinpoint its precise position so Croydon

pinpoint its precise position so Croydon installs two more radio stations and

installs two more radio stations and

installs two more radio stations and their receivers lock on as well

their receivers lock on as well

their receivers lock on as well Pullman al-khali they have a bearing of

Pullman al-khali they have a bearing of

Pullman al-khali they have a bearing of one Niner five just here Lim Lim have a

one Niner five just here Lim Lim have a

one Niner five just here Lim Lim have a bearing of two three zero I can see now

bearing of two three zero I can see now

bearing of two three zero I can see now that the strings cross at Hastings the

that the strings cross at Hastings the

that the strings cross at Hastings the pilot is over Hastings once Croydon

pilot is over Hastings once Croydon

pilot is over Hastings once Croydon knows the plane's coordinates they can

knows the plane's coordinates they can

knows the plane's coordinates they can safely guide it to the airport

safely guide it to the airport

safely guide it to the airport this is the birth of air traffic control

in 1921 Croydon Airport had about 60

in 1921 Croydon Airport had about 60

in 1921 Croydon Airport had about 60 flights per week today

flights per week today

flights per week today Heathrow pushes in up to a hundred

Heathrow pushes in up to a hundred

Heathrow pushes in up to a hundred flights per hour air traffic control

flights per hour air traffic control

flights per hour air traffic control guides planes out of the sky and hands

guides planes out of the sky and hands

guides planes out of the sky and hands them over to the ground traffic

them over to the ground traffic

them over to the ground traffic controllers

controllers

controllers they need to be able to see every single

they need to be able to see every single

they need to be able to see every single tail fin on the tarmac with their own

tail fin on the tarmac with their own

tail fin on the tarmac with their own eyes this is where the construction of

eyes this is where the construction of

eyes this is where the construction of terminal 5 creates a problem

the t5 buildings are so tall but

the t5 buildings are so tall but

the t5 buildings are so tall but controllers can't see the planes at the

controllers can't see the planes at the

controllers can't see the planes at the far end they need a new taller control

far end they need a new taller control

far end they need a new taller control tile right in the middle of the airport

tile right in the middle of the airport

tile right in the middle of the airport one of the busiest crossroads at

one of the busiest crossroads at

one of the busiest crossroads at Heathrow turning it into a construction

Heathrow turning it into a construction

Heathrow turning it into a construction site with course chaos for the aircraft

the only option is to build the new

the only option is to build the new

the only option is to build the new control tower on the edge of the airport

control tower on the edge of the airport

control tower on the edge of the airport and move it into position in one piece

but the tower weighs nearly a thousand

but the tower weighs nearly a thousand

but the tower weighs nearly a thousand tons moving it on to the airport takes

tons moving it on to the airport takes

tons moving it on to the airport takes months of careful planning there is no

months of careful planning there is no

months of careful planning there is no margin for error it was a great

margin for error it was a great

margin for error it was a great challenge to do it but we had to do it

challenge to do it but we had to do it

challenge to do it but we had to do it without stopping airline operations not

without stopping airline operations not

without stopping airline operations not a single aircraft should be rescheduled

we decided one great Friday evening to

we decided one great Friday evening to

we decided one great Friday evening to wheel it across the airport

wheel it across the airport

wheel it across the airport and we took the fence down and rolled it

and we took the fence down and rolled it

and we took the fence down and rolled it out onto the apron

just after he throws shuts down the

just after he throws shuts down the

just after he throws shuts down the tower begins its two kilometer journey

tower begins its two kilometer journey

tower begins its two kilometer journey across the airport balanced on three

across the airport balanced on three

across the airport balanced on three transporters designed to carry the space

transporters designed to carry the space

transporters designed to carry the space shuttle

shuttle

shuttle the crew must deliver their precious

the crew must deliver their precious

the crew must deliver their precious cargo before the airport reopens in five

cargo before the airport reopens in five

cargo before the airport reopens in five hours

it was literally going to miles an hour

it was literally going to miles an hour

it was literally going to miles an hour so one point on that Friday night we

so one point on that Friday night we

so one point on that Friday night we became the fastest building in the UK

once safely in place over its

once safely in place over its

once safely in place over its foundations engineers Jack the tower 87

foundations engineers Jack the tower 87

foundations engineers Jack the tower 87 meters up into the sky

meters up into the sky

meters up into the sky now air traffic controls at Heathrow

now air traffic controls at Heathrow

now air traffic controls at Heathrow have a tower that lets them do their job

have a tower that lets them do their job

have a tower that lets them do their job without t5 getting in the way

air traffic control technology allows

air traffic control technology allows

air traffic control technology allows more planes to reach Airport safely

but as airports become cluttered with

but as airports become cluttered with

but as airports become cluttered with aircraft it gets more difficult for

aircraft it gets more difficult for

aircraft it gets more difficult for passengers to board and disembark safely

for london gatwick to take on twenty

for london gatwick to take on twenty

for london gatwick to take on twenty thousand passengers they need to bring

thousand passengers they need to bring

thousand passengers they need to bring planes and passengers closer together

planes and passengers closer together

planes and passengers closer together yet keep them apart in the 1920s air

yet keep them apart in the 1920s air

yet keep them apart in the 1920s air travel is only for the super-rich but

travel is only for the super-rich but

travel is only for the super-rich but conditions at the airfields are far from

conditions at the airfields are far from

conditions at the airfields are far from first-class they had to walk across a

first-class they had to walk across a

first-class they had to walk across a windy apron to reach the plane so it was

windy apron to reach the plane so it was

windy apron to reach the plane so it was a fairly sort of primitive kind of

a fairly sort of primitive kind of

a fairly sort of primitive kind of activity and it wasn't consistent with

activity and it wasn't consistent with

activity and it wasn't consistent with the pampered rich boarding planes isn't

the pampered rich boarding planes isn't

the pampered rich boarding planes isn't just inconvenient it can be downright

just inconvenient it can be downright

just inconvenient it can be downright dangerous

dangerous

dangerous propellers and human bodies don't mix

propellers and human bodies don't mix

propellers and human bodies don't mix but in 1933 a young man has an idea

but in 1933 a young man has an idea

but in 1933 a young man has an idea Morris jakkuman wants to offer

Morris jakkuman wants to offer

Morris jakkuman wants to offer passengers at Gatwick Airport something

passengers at Gatwick Airport something

passengers at Gatwick Airport something revolutionary a terminal but he

revolutionary a terminal but he

revolutionary a terminal but he struggles to find the right shape for

struggles to find the right shape for

struggles to find the right shape for the building you could imagine that he

the building you could imagine that he

the building you could imagine that he was some he was playing with all the

was some he was playing with all the

was some he was playing with all the variables and he was thinking about the

variables and he was thinking about the

variables and he was thinking about the way the aircraft would position

way the aircraft would position

way the aircraft would position themselves taxiing in and although that

themselves taxiing in and although that

themselves taxiing in and although that positioning of aircraft was good from

positioning of aircraft was good from

positioning of aircraft was good from the passengers point of view it wasn't

the passengers point of view it wasn't

the passengers point of view it wasn't good from the movement of the aircraft

good from the movement of the aircraft

good from the movement of the aircraft because of that aircraft is in position

because of that aircraft is in position

because of that aircraft is in position that aircraft can't leave if that

that aircraft can't leave if that

that aircraft can't leave if that aircraft is in position that aircraft

aircraft is in position that aircraft

aircraft is in position that aircraft can't leave and there's wasted space

can't leave and there's wasted space

can't leave and there's wasted space there he just couldn't make the square

there he just couldn't make the square

there he just couldn't make the square work and his father said you're going

work and his father said you're going

work and his father said you're going around in circles aren't you and it was

around in circles aren't you and it was

around in circles aren't you and it was then that he had that Eureka moment but

then that he had that Eureka moment but

then that he had that Eureka moment but the circle is the solution and here is

the circle is the solution and here is

the circle is the solution and here is the end product it's still standing

the end product it's still standing

the end product it's still standing today the beehive at Gatwick jacquelyn's

today the beehive at Gatwick jacquelyn's

today the beehive at Gatwick jacquelyn's design is revolutionary its shape is

design is revolutionary its shape is

design is revolutionary its shape is ideal for both passenger and plane

each aircraft can quickly and

each aircraft can quickly and

each aircraft can quickly and independently taxi to its gates to

independently taxi to its gates to

independently taxi to its gates to unload refuel and load up again

unload refuel and load up again

unload refuel and load up again and inside the Beehive passengers

and inside the Beehive passengers

and inside the Beehive passengers waiting comfort until telescopic

waiting comfort until telescopic

waiting comfort until telescopic canopies take them right to the aircraft

canopies take them right to the aircraft

canopies take them right to the aircraft door

the Beehive is the first working airport

the Beehive is the first working airport

the Beehive is the first working airport terminal in the world

Heathrow Airport takes the idea of fast

Heathrow Airport takes the idea of fast

Heathrow Airport takes the idea of fast turnaround to the extreme planes rarely

turnaround to the extreme planes rarely

turnaround to the extreme planes rarely spend more than 90 minutes on the ground

spend more than 90 minutes on the ground

spend more than 90 minutes on the ground before taking off again every minute

before taking off again every minute

before taking off again every minute counts

at such a busy airport the circular

at such a busy airport the circular

at such a busy airport the circular terminal quickly reaches its limits a

terminal quickly reaches its limits a

terminal quickly reaches its limits a bigger circular terminal allows more

bigger circular terminal allows more

bigger circular terminal allows more planes to dock on the outside but wastes

planes to dock on the outside but wastes

planes to dock on the outside but wastes a lot of space on the inside

a lot of space on the inside

a lot of space on the inside linking many small circles save space

linking many small circles save space

linking many small circles save space but a single broken-down plane can block

but a single broken-down plane can block

but a single broken-down plane can block the path for many others at Heathrow's

the path for many others at Heathrow's

the path for many others at Heathrow's terminal 5 The Beehive turns into the

terminal 5 The Beehive turns into the

terminal 5 The Beehive turns into the toast rack

toast rack

toast rack it's a stack of rectangular buildings

it's a stack of rectangular buildings

it's a stack of rectangular buildings connected by underground trains which

connected by underground trains which

connected by underground trains which keeps the taxiways clear so if there's a

keeps the taxiways clear so if there's a

keeps the taxiways clear so if there's a problem

problem

problem planes can simply taxi around it saving

planes can simply taxi around it saving

planes can simply taxi around it saving valuable time

the design of Heathrow's terminal 5 is

the design of Heathrow's terminal 5 is

the design of Heathrow's terminal 5 is deceptively simple but constructing it

deceptively simple but constructing it

deceptively simple but constructing it is an extremely complex job

the site 45 is as big as Hyde Park in

the site 45 is as big as Hyde Park in

the site 45 is as big as Hyde Park in London but for an airport architect it

London but for an airport architect it

London but for an airport architect it feels rather small you never picked this

feels rather small you never picked this

feels rather small you never picked this site for an airport building by choice

site for an airport building by choice

site for an airport building by choice it's trapped between two live runways

it's trapped between two live runways

it's trapped between two live runways some of the busiest in the world it's

some of the busiest in the world it's

some of the busiest in the world it's inside the m25 on the west and therefore

inside the m25 on the west and therefore

inside the m25 on the west and therefore a metre road so you're in a box that you

a metre road so you're in a box that you

a metre road so you're in a box that you can't move out of and it makes the

can't move out of and it makes the

can't move out of and it makes the building very very complex Mike Davis

building very very complex Mike Davis

building very very complex Mike Davis designs a 40 metre tall terminal and to

designs a 40 metre tall terminal and to

designs a 40 metre tall terminal and to make the most of the space inside he

make the most of the space inside he

make the most of the space inside he tops it with a single span roof the size

tops it with a single span roof the size

tops it with a single span roof the size of five football fields

but raising this monster roof becomes

but raising this monster roof becomes

but raising this monster roof becomes one of the biggest challenges for the

one of the biggest challenges for the

one of the biggest challenges for the construction team

construction team

construction team just one piece of it weighs more than

just one piece of it weighs more than

just one piece of it weighs more than six jumbo jets lifting it up 40 meters

six jumbo jets lifting it up 40 meters

six jumbo jets lifting it up 40 meters with tower cranes would create a problem

the cranes would be so tall they would

the cranes would be so tall they would

the cranes would be so tall they would disturb the Heathrow radar system which

disturb the Heathrow radar system which

disturb the Heathrow radar system which kicks in only three meters above the

kicks in only three meters above the

kicks in only three meters above the ceiling of t5 we can't poke cranes up

ceiling of t5 we can't poke cranes up

ceiling of t5 we can't poke cranes up into that area otherwise you might

into that area otherwise you might

into that area otherwise you might collect under carriages and so it so

collect under carriages and so it so

collect under carriages and so it so basically we had to conceive a design

basically we had to conceive a design

basically we had to conceive a design which could really be built from below

the construction team assembled the roof

the construction team assembled the roof

the construction team assembled the roof sections on the ground with a series of

sections on the ground with a series of

sections on the ground with a series of small cranes then they use a clever

small cranes then they use a clever

small cranes then they use a clever lifting technology to pull the roof off

lifting technology to pull the roof off

lifting technology to pull the roof off the ground

the ground

the ground it's called strand Jackie

they suspend the sections in steel wires

they suspend the sections in steel wires

they suspend the sections in steel wires these wires run through the Strand jacks

these wires run through the Strand jacks

these wires run through the Strand jacks powerful hydraulic rams that can each

powerful hydraulic rams that can each

powerful hydraulic rams that can each lift a hundred and eighty-five tons

lift a hundred and eighty-five tons

lift a hundred and eighty-five tons sixteen of these jacks will

sixteen of these jacks will

sixteen of these jacks will painstakingly lift the roof section all

painstakingly lift the roof section all

painstakingly lift the roof section all the way up to the tenth floor that's the

the way up to the tenth floor that's the

the way up to the tenth floor that's the plan anyway

on the 6th of April 2004 the

on the 6th of April 2004 the

on the 6th of April 2004 the construction team are ready for the

construction team are ready for the

construction team are ready for the first big lift

first big lift

first big lift one of the problems are lifting a 2200

one of the problems are lifting a 2200

one of the problems are lifting a 2200 tonne plate 110 by 56 metres why is that

tonne plate 110 by 56 metres why is that

tonne plate 110 by 56 metres why is that it could walk as you going up the thing

it could walk as you going up the thing

it could walk as you going up the thing could flex so we had to lift it to

could flex so we had to lift it to

could flex so we had to lift it to within a centimeter less than a

within a centimeter less than a

within a centimeter less than a centimeter on every jacking point so we

centimeter on every jacking point so we

centimeter on every jacking point so we had to keep that absolutely perfectly

had to keep that absolutely perfectly

had to keep that absolutely perfectly flat as it went up and when it got to

flat as it went up and when it got to

flat as it went up and when it got to the top it had to be within very fine

the top it had to be within very fine

the top it had to be within very fine tolerances to be able to put the pins in

tolerances to be able to put the pins in

tolerances to be able to put the pins in and lock it off so it was absolutely

and lock it off so it was absolutely

and lock it off so it was absolutely perfect

perfect

perfect it takes almost a year to jack up all

it takes almost a year to jack up all

it takes almost a year to jack up all the roof sections over 18,000 tons of

the roof sections over 18,000 tons of

the roof sections over 18,000 tons of steel in total

steel in total

steel in total but the effort pays off

the free floating roof maximizes the

the free floating roof maximizes the

the free floating roof maximizes the space inside t5 has as much floor space

space inside t5 has as much floor space

space inside t5 has as much floor space as he throws for other terminals

as he throws for other terminals

as he throws for other terminals combined

the invention of the terminal speeds up

the invention of the terminal speeds up

the invention of the terminal speeds up passenger boarding an aircraft

passenger boarding an aircraft

passenger boarding an aircraft turnaround now the old propeller

turnaround now the old propeller

turnaround now the old propeller aircraft just can't keep up with

aircraft just can't keep up with

aircraft just can't keep up with passenger numbers but then something

passenger numbers but then something

passenger numbers but then something arrives that changes everything

the Jets jet planes carry more

the Jets jet planes carry more

the Jets jet planes carry more passengers but bring new challenges to

passengers but bring new challenges to

passengers but bring new challenges to build an airport big enough for a

build an airport big enough for a

build an airport big enough for a hundred and fifty thousand passengers

hundred and fifty thousand passengers

hundred and fifty thousand passengers Chicago needs a leap forward in runway

Chicago needs a leap forward in runway

Chicago needs a leap forward in runway design airlines of the 1950's love the

design airlines of the 1950's love the

design airlines of the 1950's love the new Jets they fly faster and further

new Jets they fly faster and further

new Jets they fly faster and further than even the most advanced propeller

than even the most advanced propeller

than even the most advanced propeller planes

planes

planes but this new breed of airplane needs a

but this new breed of airplane needs a

but this new breed of airplane needs a new breed of airport

the engines of a Boeing 707 weigh three

the engines of a Boeing 707 weigh three

the engines of a Boeing 707 weigh three times more than those of a dc-3

times more than those of a dc-3

times more than those of a dc-3 propeller plane

propeller plane

propeller plane it carries 19 times more fuel and eight

it carries 19 times more fuel and eight

it carries 19 times more fuel and eight times as many passengers one 707 weighs

times as many passengers one 707 weighs

times as many passengers one 707 weighs as much as 13 dc-3s traditional runways

as much as 13 dc-3s traditional runways

as much as 13 dc-3s traditional runways just can't handle the colossal Jets

when the city of Chicago plan a new

when the city of Chicago plan a new

when the city of Chicago plan a new airport for the jet age they know that

airport for the jet age they know that

airport for the jet age they know that their runways need an upgrade

their runways need an upgrade

their runways need an upgrade to take on the Jets engineers at Chicago

to take on the Jets engineers at Chicago

to take on the Jets engineers at Chicago O'Hare try to make their runway stronger

O'Hare try to make their runway stronger

O'Hare try to make their runway stronger by embedding steel cages into the

by embedding steel cages into the

by embedding steel cages into the concrete but they can only handled the

concrete but they can only handled the

concrete but they can only handled the runway in small sections

runway in small sections

runway in small sections which is very slow and very expensive

which is very slow and very expensive

which is very slow and very expensive then they discover a marvelous machine

then they discover a marvelous machine

then they discover a marvelous machine that can lay concrete faster than any

that can lay concrete faster than any

that can lay concrete faster than any human being the slip form paver

slip form pavers can build runways in

slip form pavers can build runways in

slip form pavers can build runways in long strips without stopping they are

long strips without stopping they are

long strips without stopping they are immensely fast and the concrete they lay

immensely fast and the concrete they lay

immensely fast and the concrete they lay is smooth flawless and strong perfect

is smooth flawless and strong perfect

is smooth flawless and strong perfect for both engineers and jets

he throws terminal five will face the

he throws terminal five will face the

he throws terminal five will face the biggest leap in jet size since the

biggest leap in jet size since the

biggest leap in jet size since the Boeing 747

the Airbus a380 the world's largest

the Airbus a380 the world's largest

the Airbus a380 the world's largest passenger plane seven stories tall and

passenger plane seven stories tall and

passenger plane seven stories tall and over 200 tons heavier than a jumbo jet

when the a380 is fully loaded 560 tons

when the a380 is fully loaded 560 tons

when the a380 is fully loaded 560 tons of aeroplanes pushed down onto the

of aeroplanes pushed down onto the

of aeroplanes pushed down onto the concrete this plane stretches concrete

concrete this plane stretches concrete

concrete this plane stretches concrete technology to its very limit to pave the

technology to its very limit to pave the

technology to its very limit to pave the apron at t5 Engineers can't rely on

apron at t5 Engineers can't rely on

apron at t5 Engineers can't rely on normal concrete the water in this

normal concrete the water in this

normal concrete the water in this concrete prevents the cement from

concrete prevents the cement from

concrete prevents the cement from bonding to the stones in the mix so it

bonding to the stones in the mix so it

bonding to the stones in the mix so it will crack under the enormous weight of

will crack under the enormous weight of

will crack under the enormous weight of the a380 the only way around this is to

the a380 the only way around this is to

the a380 the only way around this is to make the concrete nearly a meter thick

make the concrete nearly a meter thick

make the concrete nearly a meter thick way beyond the capacity of even the most

way beyond the capacity of even the most

way beyond the capacity of even the most advanced pavers the pavement around t5

advanced pavers the pavement around t5

advanced pavers the pavement around t5 is bigger than a hundred football fields

is bigger than a hundred football fields

is bigger than a hundred football fields it would take over 62,000 truckloads of

it would take over 62,000 truckloads of

it would take over 62,000 truckloads of concrete to cover it financially and

concrete to cover it financially and

concrete to cover it financially and logistically impossible

so at t5 engineers use a new kind of

so at t5 engineers use a new kind of

so at t5 engineers use a new kind of concrete it contains a soap-like liquid

concrete it contains a soap-like liquid

concrete it contains a soap-like liquid that displaces water and makes the bonds

that displaces water and makes the bonds

that displaces water and makes the bonds in the concrete stronger this concrete

in the concrete stronger this concrete

in the concrete stronger this concrete can carry an Airbus a380 but only needs

can carry an Airbus a380 but only needs

can carry an Airbus a380 but only needs to be sixty centimeters thick the new

to be sixty centimeters thick the new

to be sixty centimeters thick the new mix saves the engineers nearly 280

mix saves the engineers nearly 280

mix saves the engineers nearly 280 thousand tons of concrete and the

thousand tons of concrete and the

thousand tons of concrete and the pavement around terminal 5 is now tough

pavement around terminal 5 is now tough

pavement around terminal 5 is now tough enough to take on the a380

but the jet brings another challenge for

but the jet brings another challenge for

but the jet brings another challenge for airports no matter how advanced the

airports no matter how advanced the

airports no matter how advanced the planes old Jets have a soft spot

planes old Jets have a soft spot

planes old Jets have a soft spot their engines are so close to the ground

their engines are so close to the ground

their engines are so close to the ground that they can easily suck in objects

that they can easily suck in objects

that they can easily suck in objects lying on the runway this can be fatal

on the 25th of July 2000 Concord the

on the 25th of July 2000 Concord the

on the 25th of July 2000 Concord the biggest icon in aviation becomes the

biggest icon in aviation becomes the

biggest icon in aviation becomes the victim of a small metal strip picked up

victim of a small metal strip picked up

victim of a small metal strip picked up from the runway a hundred and fourteen

from the runway a hundred and fourteen

from the runway a hundred and fourteen people died in the disaster to keep jets

people died in the disaster to keep jets

people died in the disaster to keep jets safe airports must keep their runway

safe airports must keep their runway

safe airports must keep their runway squeaky clean the two runways at

squeaky clean the two runways at

squeaky clean the two runways at Heathrow are probably the most precious

Heathrow are probably the most precious

Heathrow are probably the most precious stretches of tarmac in the UK

stretches of tarmac in the UK

stretches of tarmac in the UK with half a million takeoffs and

with half a million takeoffs and

with half a million takeoffs and landings every year they run at 99%

landings every year they run at 99%

landings every year they run at 99% capacity their safety ultimately depends

capacity their safety ultimately depends

capacity their safety ultimately depends on two sets of eyeballs

the man of the inspection team must

the man of the inspection team must

the man of the inspection team must scour the tarmac for foreign objects

scour the tarmac for foreign objects

scour the tarmac for foreign objects whilst the runways are fully operational

anything that shouldn't be a little wait

anything that shouldn't be a little wait

anything that shouldn't be a little wait is tensed and I dunno something hopeful

is tensed and I dunno something hopeful

is tensed and I dunno something hopeful which should not be there

which should not be there

which should not be there did you not read that early

right now but you smaller

this is all problems that we pick up

this is all problems that we pick up

this is all problems that we pick up polystyrene in a meltdown on to the

polystyrene in a meltdown on to the

polystyrene in a meltdown on to the turbine blades the aircraft happy ground

turbine blades the aircraft happy ground

turbine blades the aircraft happy ground yeah another inspection done and he

yeah another inspection done and he

yeah another inspection done and he throws runways remain probably the

throws runways remain probably the

throws runways remain probably the cleanest stretch of road in the country

the invention of the jet allows airlines

the invention of the jet allows airlines

the invention of the jet allows airlines to carry more passengers for less money

to carry more passengers for less money

to carry more passengers for less money but jets take up more space than smaller

but jets take up more space than smaller

but jets take up more space than smaller propeller blades so the terminals must

propeller blades so the terminals must

propeller blades so the terminals must grow larger

reaching the plane soon becomes a test

reaching the plane soon becomes a test

reaching the plane soon becomes a test of endurance flying now involves too

of endurance flying now involves too

of endurance flying now involves too much walking to process three million

much walking to process three million

much walking to process three million travelers comfortably Dallas Love Field

travelers comfortably Dallas Love Field

travelers comfortably Dallas Love Field needs to speed up its passengers

in the 1960s airports grow bigger than

in the 1960s airports grow bigger than

in the 1960s airports grow bigger than ever to make space for the large Jets so

ever to make space for the large Jets so

ever to make space for the large Jets so big that the passengers get left behind

big that the passengers get left behind

big that the passengers get left behind passengers actually began to complain

passengers actually began to complain

passengers actually began to complain about the fact that they had to walk

about the fact that they had to walk

about the fact that they had to walk such a long distance for example in the

such a long distance for example in the

such a long distance for example in the United States O'Hare Airport in Chicago

United States O'Hare Airport in Chicago

United States O'Hare Airport in Chicago if you imagine having to walk from the

if you imagine having to walk from the

if you imagine having to walk from the furthest gate to make a connection at

furthest gate to make a connection at

furthest gate to make a connection at the at the opposite end of the airport

the at the opposite end of the airport

the at the opposite end of the airport and with the tight connection well you

and with the tight connection well you

and with the tight connection well you wouldn't walk you would run but even

wouldn't walk you would run but even

wouldn't walk you would run but even running you wouldn't probably be able to

running you wouldn't probably be able to

running you wouldn't probably be able to make that kind of connection the size of

make that kind of connection the size of

make that kind of connection the size of the airport is simply too large when

the airport is simply too large when

the airport is simply too large when Dallas Love Field builds a corridor half

Dallas Love Field builds a corridor half

Dallas Love Field builds a corridor half a kilometer long they realize that

a kilometer long they realize that

a kilometer long they realize that passengers need an easier ride

they find inspiration in a californian

they find inspiration in a californian

they find inspiration in a californian worry

rocks from this quarry travel over 15

rocks from this quarry travel over 15

rocks from this quarry travel over 15 kilometers on the world's longest

kilometers on the world's longest

kilometers on the world's longest conveyor belt to the Shasta Dam

conveyor belt to the Shasta Dam

conveyor belt to the Shasta Dam if rubber can carry rocks surely it can

if rubber can carry rocks surely it can

if rubber can carry rocks surely it can carry people so the engineers at Love

carry people so the engineers at Love

carry people so the engineers at Love Field fit their corridors with a rubber

Field fit their corridors with a rubber

Field fit their corridors with a rubber conveyor they put wooden pallets running

conveyor they put wooden pallets running

conveyor they put wooden pallets running along rails under the rubber belt to

along rails under the rubber belt to

along rails under the rubber belt to give passengers a solid platform they

give passengers a solid platform they

give passengers a solid platform they call it the glide ride driven by a

call it the glide ride driven by a

call it the glide ride driven by a single motor the belt carries passengers

single motor the belt carries passengers

single motor the belt carries passengers to their gates effortlessly

when Love Field opens 200,000 sightseers

when Love Field opens 200,000 sightseers

when Love Field opens 200,000 sightseers come to admire the world's first moving

come to admire the world's first moving

come to admire the world's first moving sidewalk at an airport the airlines were

sidewalk at an airport the airlines were

sidewalk at an airport the airlines were certainly very very positive and very

certainly very very positive and very

certainly very very positive and very happy about the result because their

happy about the result because their

happy about the result because their passengers moved more quickly to the

passengers moved more quickly to the

passengers moved more quickly to the terminals and also they were happier

terminals and also they were happier

terminals and also they were happier today the problem of moving people

today the problem of moving people

today the problem of moving people extends far beyond the airport itself

now getting passengers to the terminal

now getting passengers to the terminal

now getting passengers to the terminal is the weakest link in the transport

is the weakest link in the transport

is the weakest link in the transport chain

he throws Terminal five features a

he throws Terminal five features a

he throws Terminal five features a revolutionary but highly experimental

revolutionary but highly experimental

revolutionary but highly experimental transport system PRT for personal rapid

transport system PRT for personal rapid

transport system PRT for personal rapid transport they're very like little robot

transport they're very like little robot

transport they're very like little robot solar grow bot taxes they're intelligent

solar grow bot taxes they're intelligent

solar grow bot taxes they're intelligent have onboard computers they can sense

have onboard computers they can sense

have onboard computers they can sense their surroundings add a test track in

their surroundings add a test track in

their surroundings add a test track in Wales engineers put the PRT system

Wales engineers put the PRT system

Wales engineers put the PRT system through its paces before installing it

through its paces before installing it

through its paces before installing it at t5 the concept of PRT sounds almost

at t5 the concept of PRT sounds almost

at t5 the concept of PRT sounds almost too good to be true battery-powered pods

too good to be true battery-powered pods

too good to be true battery-powered pods that shuffle for passengers to the

that shuffle for passengers to the

that shuffle for passengers to the terminal every three seconds without a

terminal every three seconds without a

terminal every three seconds without a driver and without crashing into each

driver and without crashing into each

driver and without crashing into each other

every second a laser measures the

every second a laser measures the

every second a laser measures the distance to the curb thousands of times

distance to the curb thousands of times

distance to the curb thousands of times a computer then turns the wheels to keep

a computer then turns the wheels to keep

a computer then turns the wheels to keep the pod in the center of the track metal

the pod in the center of the track metal

the pod in the center of the track metal loops in the track detect the exact

loops in the track detect the exact

loops in the track detect the exact position of each bit so if a pod gets

position of each bit so if a pod gets

position of each bit so if a pod gets too close to the one in front the PRT

too close to the one in front the PRT

too close to the one in front the PRT central computer brings it to a stop at

central computer brings it to a stop at

central computer brings it to a stop at Heathrow the robots first roll out on a

Heathrow the robots first roll out on a

Heathrow the robots first roll out on a small scale eighteen PRT pods will speed

small scale eighteen PRT pods will speed

small scale eighteen PRT pods will speed passengers from the business car park to

passengers from the business car park to

passengers from the business car park to Terminal five but the system may soon

Terminal five but the system may soon

Terminal five but the system may soon connect the whole airport and carry

connect the whole airport and carry

connect the whole airport and carry hundreds of thousands of people each day

hundreds of thousands of people each day

hundreds of thousands of people each day when it comes to numbers almost nothing

when it comes to numbers almost nothing

when it comes to numbers almost nothing beats the pants and when you compare it

beats the pants and when you compare it

beats the pants and when you compare it to something like a bus or a bus may

to something like a bus or a bus may

to something like a bus or a bus may have 50 seats but if you only have a bus

have 50 seats but if you only have a bus

have 50 seats but if you only have a bus every five minutes

every five minutes

every five minutes that's only 600 seats in an hour whereas

that's only 600 seats in an hour whereas

that's only 600 seats in an hour whereas with these at four seats every three

with these at four seats every three

with these at four seats every three seconds you're talking you're over 1200

seconds you're talking you're over 1200

seconds you're talking you're over 1200 so in fact you have a large capacity in

so in fact you have a large capacity in

so in fact you have a large capacity in the system which appears to be operate

the system which appears to be operate

the system which appears to be operate in a very gentle way if PRT succeeds at

in a very gentle way if PRT succeeds at

in a very gentle way if PRT succeeds at Heathrow it may well extend its reach

Heathrow it may well extend its reach

Heathrow it may well extend its reach far beyond the airport to relieve

far beyond the airport to relieve

far beyond the airport to relieve congestion in our inner cities

as moving walkways speed up passengers

as moving walkways speed up passengers

as moving walkways speed up passengers inside apples more and more people take

inside apples more and more people take

inside apples more and more people take to the skies but in the late 1960s

to the skies but in the late 1960s

to the skies but in the late 1960s skyjackers discovered that flames are

skyjackers discovered that flames are

skyjackers discovered that flames are perfect targets vulnerable and valuable

to keep 14 million people flowing

to keep 14 million people flowing

to keep 14 million people flowing through Atlanta International the

through Atlanta International the

through Atlanta International the airport needs to radically tighten its

airport needs to radically tighten its

airport needs to radically tighten its security in 1970 Palestinian terrorists

security in 1970 Palestinian terrorists

security in 1970 Palestinian terrorists capture three jets and take them to the

capture three jets and take them to the

capture three jets and take them to the Jordanian desert basically anybody want

Jordanian desert basically anybody want

Jordanian desert basically anybody want to get on a plane could anybody could

to get on a plane could anybody could

to get on a plane could anybody could carry a gun the plane very easily a new

carry a gun the plane very easily a new

carry a gun the plane very easily a new kind of war begins

people are afraid to fly and the

people are afraid to fly and the

people are afraid to fly and the airlines were in danger of losing large

airlines were in danger of losing large

airlines were in danger of losing large part of their business

part of their business

part of their business the US government decides to fight back

the US government decides to fight back

the US government decides to fight back they put armed sky marshals on their

they put armed sky marshals on their

they put armed sky marshals on their planes the flying pigs that's where he

planes the flying pigs that's where he

planes the flying pigs that's where he caught ourselves over 2,000 of us were

caught ourselves over 2,000 of us were

caught ourselves over 2,000 of us were hired in quickly given six weeks of

hired in quickly given six weeks of

hired in quickly given six weeks of trainings we had a makeup of an aircraft

trainings we had a makeup of an aircraft

trainings we had a makeup of an aircraft with passengers in the seats and you'd

with passengers in the seats and you'd

with passengers in the seats and you'd have to learn how to shoot around the

have to learn how to shoot around the

have to learn how to shoot around the patch and step the island shoot so you

patch and step the island shoot so you

patch and step the island shoot so you wouldn't shoot innocent passengers soon

wouldn't shoot innocent passengers soon

wouldn't shoot innocent passengers soon jerry Worley confronts his first suspect

jerry Worley confronts his first suspect

jerry Worley confronts his first suspect all of a sudden he stood up for he was

all of a sudden he stood up for he was

all of a sudden he stood up for he was talking and went for the cockpit door so

talking and went for the cockpit door so

talking and went for the cockpit door so I had to put my gun up I'm gonna ask him

I had to put my gun up I'm gonna ask him

I had to put my gun up I'm gonna ask him to stop one time then I'm gonna shoot

to stop one time then I'm gonna shoot

to stop one time then I'm gonna shoot him in the back and all of a sudden they

him in the back and all of a sudden they

him in the back and all of a sudden they understood him he was sick and when they

understood him he was sick and when they

understood him he was sick and when they found a restroom they'd throw up he went

found a restroom they'd throw up he went

found a restroom they'd throw up he went for the wrong door the restroom doors

for the wrong door the restroom doors

for the wrong door the restroom doors are right he went for the cockpit door

are right he went for the cockpit door

are right he went for the cockpit door and I'd almost shot him a well-aimed

and I'd almost shot him a well-aimed

and I'd almost shot him a well-aimed shot can bring down a skyjacker but a

shot can bring down a skyjacker but a

shot can bring down a skyjacker but a stray bullet may bring down a plane

stray bullet may bring down a plane

stray bullet may bring down a plane pitting guns against guns is not the

pitting guns against guns is not the

pitting guns against guns is not the ideal solution

skyjackers must be stopped at the

skyjackers must be stopped at the

skyjackers must be stopped at the airport before they board a plane this

airport before they board a plane this

airport before they board a plane this creates a huge problem at the busiest

creates a huge problem at the busiest

creates a huge problem at the busiest airport in the world Atlanta

airport in the world Atlanta

airport in the world Atlanta International it now has the mammoth

International it now has the mammoth

International it now has the mammoth task of spotting among over 14 million

task of spotting among over 14 million

task of spotting among over 14 million passengers the one with sinister

passengers the one with sinister

passengers the one with sinister intentions the only safe way of doing

intentions the only safe way of doing

intentions the only safe way of doing this is to hand search every single

this is to hand search every single

this is to hand search every single passenger which would bring the airport

passenger which would bring the airport

passenger which would bring the airport to a grinding halt

they desperately need a faster way of

they desperately need a faster way of

they desperately need a faster way of spotting hijackers

the solution comes from an unexpected

the solution comes from an unexpected

the solution comes from an unexpected place the sawmill

the thousand-dollar blade of the head

the thousand-dollar blade of the head

the thousand-dollar blade of the head soul is the heart of the operation

soul is the heart of the operation

soul is the heart of the operation even a small metal object hidden in the

even a small metal object hidden in the

even a small metal object hidden in the wood can break the blade and bring the

wood can break the blade and bring the

wood can break the blade and bring the mill to a complete standstill it's very

mill to a complete standstill it's very

mill to a complete standstill it's very costly to me because there's to me 20

costly to me because there's to me 20

costly to me because there's to me 20 men that just sit down because there's

men that just sit down because there's

men that just sit down because there's nothing to do by the wait for the song

nothing to do by the wait for the song

nothing to do by the wait for the song became so before the logs get anywhere

became so before the logs get anywhere

became so before the logs get anywhere near the sword they must pass through a

near the sword they must pass through a

near the sword they must pass through a metal detector

anything suspicious triggers an alarm

the log then comes offline for a spot

the log then comes offline for a spot

the log then comes offline for a spot check

this nail here you can actually see a

this nail here you can actually see a

this nail here you can actually see a little bit sticking out sometimes

little bit sticking out sometimes

little bit sticking out sometimes they're completely submerged it's not

they're completely submerged it's not

they're completely submerged it's not uncommon to get up to a dozen a day

uncommon to get up to a dozen a day

uncommon to get up to a dozen a day another thing we find in logs is bullets

another thing we find in logs is bullets

another thing we find in logs is bullets there's a lot of hunting goes on around

there's a lot of hunting goes on around

there's a lot of hunting goes on around here and a lot of times people miss the

here and a lot of times people miss the

here and a lot of times people miss the game they shoot it into a tree you know

game they shoot it into a tree you know

game they shoot it into a tree you know and then I find it with my metal

and then I find it with my metal

and then I find it with my metal detector

detector

detector a machine that detects nails and bullets

a machine that detects nails and bullets

a machine that detects nails and bullets is exactly what airports need the metal

is exactly what airports need the metal

is exactly what airports need the metal detector uses a large electric coil to

detector uses a large electric coil to

detector uses a large electric coil to produce an electromagnetic pulse any

produce an electromagnetic pulse any

produce an electromagnetic pulse any metal caught in the pulse reflects a

metal caught in the pulse reflects a

metal caught in the pulse reflects a magnetic echo a sensor picks up this

magnetic echo a sensor picks up this

magnetic echo a sensor picks up this signal and triggers an alarm

what worked for logs also works for air

what worked for logs also works for air

what worked for logs also works for air travelers now airports can spot the

travelers now airports can spot the

travelers now airports can spot the skyjackers without having to hand search

skyjackers without having to hand search

skyjackers without having to hand search everyone

but metal detectors are not the final

but metal detectors are not the final

but metal detectors are not the final solution to the security problem they

solution to the security problem they

solution to the security problem they mark the beginning of an arms race

mark the beginning of an arms race

mark the beginning of an arms race between technology and terror

even as the machines improve criminals

even as the machines improve criminals

even as the machines improve criminals are finding ways to outwit them on the

are finding ways to outwit them on the

are finding ways to outwit them on the 22nd of December 2001 the FBI arrests a

22nd of December 2001 the FBI arrests a

22nd of December 2001 the FBI arrests a man who tried to explode a homemade bomb

man who tried to explode a homemade bomb

man who tried to explode a homemade bomb onboard a plane

onboard a plane

onboard a plane Richard Reid had filled his shoes with

Richard Reid had filled his shoes with

Richard Reid had filled his shoes with plastic explosives and smuggled them

plastic explosives and smuggled them

plastic explosives and smuggled them through security

but today there is technology that can

but today there is technology that can

but today there is technology that can deal with people like the shoe bomber

archway detectors use Jets of air to

archway detectors use Jets of air to

archway detectors use Jets of air to dislodge particles from hair and

dislodge particles from hair and

dislodge particles from hair and clothing then they suck them into a

clothing then they suck them into a

clothing then they suck them into a detector that sniffs out even minut

detector that sniffs out even minut

detector that sniffs out even minut traces of explosives and backscatter

traces of explosives and backscatter

traces of explosives and backscatter x-ray machines penetrate only the

x-ray machines penetrate only the

x-ray machines penetrate only the clothes but not the skin to reveal

clothes but not the skin to reveal

clothes but not the skin to reveal hidden objects security is the

hidden objects security is the

hidden objects security is the number-one concern for airports today

attacking an airport doesn't just hurt

attacking an airport doesn't just hurt

attacking an airport doesn't just hurt people it can hurt an entire economy t5

people it can hurt an entire economy t5

people it can hurt an entire economy t5 will have special x-ray scanners to

will have special x-ray scanners to

will have special x-ray scanners to check over 80 thousand passengers every

check over 80 thousand passengers every

check over 80 thousand passengers every day the machines use multi beam x-rays

day the machines use multi beam x-rays

day the machines use multi beam x-rays to measure the atomic weight of every

to measure the atomic weight of every

to measure the atomic weight of every single baggage item then they

single baggage item then they

single baggage item then they automatically highlight suspicious items

automatically highlight suspicious items

automatically highlight suspicious items which speeds up the scanning process and

which speeds up the scanning process and

which speeds up the scanning process and hopefully gives passengers more time to

hopefully gives passengers more time to

hopefully gives passengers more time to do something fun before they board their

do something fun before they board their

do something fun before they board their plane

the introduction of security checks in

the introduction of security checks in

the introduction of security checks in the 1970s reassures travelers that

the 1970s reassures travelers that

the 1970s reassures travelers that flying is safe more and more people take

flying is safe more and more people take

flying is safe more and more people take to the skies which brings the next big

to the skies which brings the next big

to the skies which brings the next big challenge for airports there are even

challenge for airports there are even

challenge for airports there are even more bags than travelers to keep those

more bags than travelers to keep those

more bags than travelers to keep those bags moving at Los Angeles International

bags moving at Los Angeles International

bags moving at Los Angeles International the airport needs to make a big

the airport needs to make a big

the airport needs to make a big technological leap into the future

technological leap into the future

technological leap into the future in 1975 Los Angeles international

in 1975 Los Angeles international

in 1975 Los Angeles international processes nearly 24 million passengers a

processes nearly 24 million passengers a

processes nearly 24 million passengers a year and twice as many bags a nightmare

year and twice as many bags a nightmare

year and twice as many bags a nightmare for baggage handlers but Los Angeles has

for baggage handlers but Los Angeles has

for baggage handlers but Los Angeles has found a way to crack an age-old problem

for years Airlines dream of sorting

for years Airlines dream of sorting

for years Airlines dream of sorting baggage automatically but they just

baggage automatically but they just

baggage automatically but they just can't find a machine that can read

can't find a machine that can read

can't find a machine that can read baggage tags then in the summer of 1974

baggage tags then in the summer of 1974

baggage tags then in the summer of 1974 a pack of gum shows the way forward it's

a pack of gum shows the way forward it's

a pack of gum shows the way forward it's the first product fitted with a new

the first product fitted with a new

the first product fitted with a new technology called a barcode product

technology called a barcode product

technology called a barcode product information is encoded in white lines

information is encoded in white lines

information is encoded in white lines between black bars the lines reflect the

between black bars the lines reflect the

between black bars the lines reflect the light of a laser scanner which is picked

light of a laser scanner which is picked

light of a laser scanner which is picked up by a sensor a computer then deciphers

up by a sensor a computer then deciphers

up by a sensor a computer then deciphers the code and displays the price this

the code and displays the price this

the code and displays the price this seems the perfect solution to baggage

seems the perfect solution to baggage

seems the perfect solution to baggage sorting at airports but when Western

sorting at airports but when Western

sorting at airports but when Western Airlines introduced the barcode at Los

Airlines introduced the barcode at Los

Airlines introduced the barcode at Los Angeles there is a problem the tag can

Angeles there is a problem the tag can

Angeles there is a problem the tag can be anywhere on a bag even under it so

be anywhere on a bag even under it so

be anywhere on a bag even under it so there fire lasers at the bags from every

there fire lasers at the bags from every

there fire lasers at the bags from every angle even from below a central computer

angle even from below a central computer

angle even from below a central computer then processes the tag data and directs

then processes the tag data and directs

then processes the tag data and directs each bag to the right aircraft

now that machines can read bag tags

now that machines can read bag tags

now that machines can read bag tags baggage handling becomes much faster but

baggage handling becomes much faster but

baggage handling becomes much faster but it's not foolproof as it still relies on

it's not foolproof as it still relies on

it's not foolproof as it still relies on having human beings in the loop that's

having human beings in the loop that's

having human beings in the loop that's why today Airlines in the US alone still

why today Airlines in the US alone still

why today Airlines in the US alone still mishandle over 3 million bags every year

he throws Terminal five will process

he throws Terminal five will process

he throws Terminal five will process over 4,000 pieces of luggage per hour

over 4,000 pieces of luggage per hour

over 4,000 pieces of luggage per hour bags of all shapes and sizes need

bags of all shapes and sizes need

bags of all shapes and sizes need matching to hundreds of planes going to

matching to hundreds of planes going to

matching to hundreds of planes going to dozens of different destinations a

dozens of different destinations a

dozens of different destinations a logistical nightmare

Heathrow Airport has a bad reputation

Heathrow Airport has a bad reputation

Heathrow Airport has a bad reputation for mishandling baggage so t-5 simply

for mishandling baggage so t-5 simply

for mishandling baggage so t-5 simply must deliver your world is in your bag

must deliver your world is in your bag

must deliver your world is in your bag when you're going abroad it's your tush

when you're going abroad it's your tush

when you're going abroad it's your tush your security your assurance and your

your security your assurance and your

your security your assurance and your your clothing for wherever you're going

your clothing for wherever you're going

your clothing for wherever you're going so it's critical but it works well and

so it's critical but it works well and

so it's critical but it works well and if every bag that with its patandjill

t5 has the largest baggage system in the

t5 has the largest baggage system in the

t5 has the largest baggage system in the world

world

world a monstrous maze hidden in the bowels of

a monstrous maze hidden in the bowels of

a monstrous maze hidden in the bowels of the terminal it has eight kilometers of

the terminal it has eight kilometers of

the terminal it has eight kilometers of high speed baggage track and 18

high speed baggage track and 18

high speed baggage track and 18 kilometers of conveyor belt the system

kilometers of conveyor belt the system

kilometers of conveyor belt the system costs nearly half a billion dollars and

costs nearly half a billion dollars and

costs nearly half a billion dollars and the whole terminal is literally built

the whole terminal is literally built

the whole terminal is literally built around it system architect Ian Bailey

around it system architect Ian Bailey

around it system architect Ian Bailey has spent 13 years developing the system

has spent 13 years developing the system

has spent 13 years developing the system and the last eight months testing it

and the last eight months testing it

and the last eight months testing it today he's taking his baby to the edge

today he's taking his baby to the edge

today he's taking his baby to the edge with 12,000 bags we're trying to deal

with 12,000 bags we're trying to deal

with 12,000 bags we're trying to deal with the baggage as though it was a

with the baggage as though it was a

with the baggage as though it was a passengers bag each bag is labeled up

passengers bag each bag is labeled up

passengers bag each bag is labeled up each bag is associated to a flight and

each bag is associated to a flight and

each bag is associated to a flight and each bag technically represents a

each bag technically represents a

each bag technically represents a passenger

twelve thousand bags to be processed in

twelve thousand bags to be processed in

twelve thousand bags to be processed in four hours takes the system right to its

four hours takes the system right to its

four hours takes the system right to its breaking point

breaking point

breaking point it's just like a sponge the more you put

it's just like a sponge the more you put

it's just like a sponge the more you put in the more it will soak and then

in the more it will soak and then

in the more it will soak and then there's a point where it can't soak up

there's a point where it can't soak up

there's a point where it can't soak up anymore

anymore

anymore so the 12,000 bag limit is roughly the

so the 12,000 bag limit is roughly the

so the 12,000 bag limit is roughly the point where the sponge starts to get

point where the sponge starts to get

point where the sponge starts to get full

the baggage handling machinery at t5 is

the baggage handling machinery at t5 is

the baggage handling machinery at t5 is extremely complex but it has a very

extremely complex but it has a very

extremely complex but it has a very simple innovation right at the beginning

simple innovation right at the beginning

simple innovation right at the beginning a high speed check-in in the traditional

a high speed check-in in the traditional

a high speed check-in in the traditional airport layout a baggage belt runs

airport layout a baggage belt runs

airport layout a baggage belt runs behind the check-in desks locking the

behind the check-in desks locking the

behind the check-in desks locking the passengers path in t5 that conveyor runs

passengers path in t5 that conveyor runs

passengers path in t5 that conveyor runs on the floor below and from check-in the

on the floor below and from check-in the

on the floor below and from check-in the bags

bags

bags drop down in baggage hoists

this logistical masterstroke allows

this logistical masterstroke allows

this logistical masterstroke allows passengers to walk straight through the

passengers to walk straight through the

passengers to walk straight through the check in speeding the journey of

check in speeding the journey of

check in speeding the journey of millions of travelers rather than being

millions of travelers rather than being

millions of travelers rather than being funneled like they would normally be at

funneled like they would normally be at

funneled like they would normally be at other airports what this facility allows

other airports what this facility allows

other airports what this facility allows you to go straight through and onto your

you to go straight through and onto your

you to go straight through and onto your aircraft even such an advanced system

aircraft even such an advanced system

aircraft even such an advanced system still relies on good old-fashioned

still relies on good old-fashioned

still relies on good old-fashioned barcode scanners they identify each bag

barcode scanners they identify each bag

barcode scanners they identify each bag so a central computer can track and

so a central computer can track and

so a central computer can track and control its journey it always knows

control its journey it always knows

control its journey it always knows where every bag is in the system and who

where every bag is in the system and who

where every bag is in the system and who it belongs to at least that's what the

it belongs to at least that's what the

it belongs to at least that's what the designers hope if the system fails it

designers hope if the system fails it

designers hope if the system fails it could bring down the whole terminal

could bring down the whole terminal

could bring down the whole terminal women

in 1993 Denver Airport introduced fully

in 1993 Denver Airport introduced fully

in 1993 Denver Airport introduced fully automated bag handling but the expected

automated bag handling but the expected

automated bag handling but the expected triumph of technology turned into a

triumph of technology turned into a

triumph of technology turned into a disaster bags kept flying off the

disaster bags kept flying off the

disaster bags kept flying off the conveyors jamming the system Denver had

conveyors jamming the system Denver had

conveyors jamming the system Denver had to delay the opening of the airport for

to delay the opening of the airport for

to delay the opening of the airport for a whole year costing the city a million

a whole year costing the city a million

a whole year costing the city a million dollars every day

heathrow needs to do better than dental

so just in case t5 has a second bag

so just in case t5 has a second bag

so just in case t5 has a second bag system just as fast as the other

Heathrow has a special baggage problem

Heathrow has a special baggage problem

Heathrow has a special baggage problem the bags of passengers will only pass

the bags of passengers will only pass

the bags of passengers will only pass through the airport

through the airport

through the airport this is an airport where nearly a third

this is an airport where nearly a third

this is an airport where nearly a third of passengers are transit passes now

of passengers are transit passes now

of passengers are transit passes now with a big high-performance baggage

with a big high-performance baggage

with a big high-performance baggage system the last thing you want is lots

system the last thing you want is lots

system the last thing you want is lots of bags rolling around the system for

of bags rolling around the system for

of bags rolling around the system for six hours whilst the chaps you know

six hours whilst the chaps you know

six hours whilst the chaps you know having a lunch and shower so there's

having a lunch and shower so there's

having a lunch and shower so there's this amazing system which takes the bags

this amazing system which takes the bags

this amazing system which takes the bags off the main lines and stores them

off the main lines and stores them

off the main lines and stores them temporarily called the early bag store

temporarily called the early bag store

temporarily called the early bag store it's a technological wonder the early

it's a technological wonder the early

it's a technological wonder the early bag store can hold 4,000 bags and is run

bag store can hold 4,000 bags and is run

bag store can hold 4,000 bags and is run by robots

by robots

by robots the machines automatically retrieve the

the machines automatically retrieve the

the machines automatically retrieve the bags and send them to their flight to

bags and send them to their flight to

bags and send them to their flight to make sure they reach their plane in time

make sure they reach their plane in time

make sure they reach their plane in time bags switch from slow conveyor belts to

bags switch from slow conveyor belts to

bags switch from slow conveyor belts to high speed trolleys which take them

high speed trolleys which take them

high speed trolleys which take them underground to the terminal five

underground to the terminal five

underground to the terminal five satellites running on magnetic

satellites running on magnetic

satellites running on magnetic accelerators they reach over 30

accelerators they reach over 30

accelerators they reach over 30 kilometres an hour

this system aims to get each bag from

this system aims to get each bag from

this system aims to get each bag from check it to the plane in less than 15

check it to the plane in less than 15

check it to the plane in less than 15 minutes

in today's trial all 12 thousand bags

in today's trial all 12 thousand bags

in today's trial all 12 thousand bags emerge on schedule a good omen at

emerge on schedule a good omen at

emerge on schedule a good omen at Terminal five lost bags will be a thing

Terminal five lost bags will be a thing

Terminal five lost bags will be a thing of the past

of the past

of the past so they hope

heathrow began like many other airports

heathrow began like many other airports

heathrow began like many other airports on a grassy field originally designed to

on a grassy field originally designed to

on a grassy field originally designed to accommodate 45 million passengers per

accommodate 45 million passengers per

accommodate 45 million passengers per year today it handles 68 million t5 is

year today it handles 68 million t5 is

year today it handles 68 million t5 is supposed to help Heathrow deal with the

supposed to help Heathrow deal with the

supposed to help Heathrow deal with the numbers but it must be more than just an

numbers but it must be more than just an

numbers but it must be more than just an efficient people process airports today

efficient people process airports today

efficient people process airports today must reclaim the magic they have lost in

must reclaim the magic they have lost in

must reclaim the magic they have lost in their quest to expand

a hundred years ago air travel started

a hundred years ago air travel started

a hundred years ago air travel started as an adventure for the rich and famous

as an adventure for the rich and famous

as an adventure for the rich and famous now it's a global industry and often

now it's a global industry and often

now it's a global industry and often that's what passengers feel like at an

that's what passengers feel like at an

that's what passengers feel like at an airport processed like merchandise

airport processed like merchandise

airport processed like merchandise passed from one cue to the next as

passed from one cue to the next as

passed from one cue to the next as airports have grown they've lost best

airports have grown they've lost best

airports have grown they've lost best song

the architects of t5 hope that their

the architects of t5 hope that their

the architects of t5 hope that their terminal will restore both magic and

terminal will restore both magic and

terminal will restore both magic and simplicity to Air Tran it's really a

simplicity to Air Tran it's really a

simplicity to Air Tran it's really a great single hall you arrive in a single

great single hall you arrive in a single

great single hall you arrive in a single place and many of the airport

place and many of the airport

place and many of the airport experiences you have at the moment this

experiences you have at the moment this

experiences you have at the moment this box and then that box on in the next box

box and then that box on in the next box

box and then that box on in the next box and then an Xbox and Orion

and then an Xbox and Orion

and then an Xbox and Orion disorientation sweeps in here you

disorientation sweeps in here you

disorientation sweeps in here you understand where you are you're only in

understand where you are you're only in

understand where you are you're only in one room one relatively simple space so

one room one relatively simple space so

one room one relatively simple space so you can see everything is happening for

you can see everything is happening for

you can see everything is happening for sixteen aircraft around this building

sixteen aircraft around this building

sixteen aircraft around this building right here

t5 is a piece of high-tech architecture

t5 is a piece of high-tech architecture

t5 is a piece of high-tech architecture but it's simple shape may just be the

but it's simple shape may just be the

but it's simple shape may just be the future of airport design this will

future of airport design this will

future of airport design this will change over time this is a city that

change over time this is a city that

change over time this is a city that over the next 30 or 40 years will

over the next 30 or 40 years will

over the next 30 or 40 years will continuously respond to whatever happens

continuously respond to whatever happens

continuously respond to whatever happens in the industry you're a loose fit box

in the industry you're a loose fit box

in the industry you're a loose fit box within which you should be able to adapt

within which you should be able to adapt

within which you should be able to adapt the life of the interior continuously

the life of the interior continuously

the life of the interior continuously over time who knows where air travel

over time who knows where air travel

over time who knows where air travel will be like in 30 years time if you

will be like in 30 years time if you

will be like in 30 years time if you look 30 years back my gosh how much it's

look 30 years back my gosh how much it's

look 30 years back my gosh how much it's changed

you