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{\an8}(film clacking)
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(birds chirping)
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(eerie music)
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From 1914 to 1918,
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Europe was at war with herself.
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Just one year after the outbreak of war,
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two million men have already died
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and many more have been amputated,
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gassed, or as the men shown here,
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shellshocked and damaged for life
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by the deadly machine gun attacks.
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(whistles whistling)
(men shouting)
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(guns firing)
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(bombs exploding)
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By late 1915, the French and British chiefs of staff
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and their German and Austro-Hungarian enemies
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all believe that only more cannons and shells
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will break the stalemate.
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(cannon firing)
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(explosions booming)
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{\an8}In 1916, with the battles of Verdun and of the Somme,
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{\an8}the war enters the industrial era
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{\an8}and the 20th Century is drawn into unprecedented horror.
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(explosion booming)
(men shouting)
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In Verdun, French soldier Henri Evain,
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66th Infantry Regiment, writes,
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(tense music)
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"We are in the kingdom of the dead.
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Lightning flashes atop the ridges.
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(cannons firing)
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The night blazes with the flames of hell.
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Suddenly, the darkness is torn in two.
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Across the horizon burst forth
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the lights of the apocalypse."
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(dramatic music)
(explosions booming)
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(tense drumming music)
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During the Battle of Verdun,
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Joseph Abadie, a 33-year-old French soldier,
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{\an8}writes a last to his wife before he is killed.
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{\an8}"Who knows what to expect.
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{\an8}The slaughter will begin again.
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{\an8}(guns firing)
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Good luck to he who will resume his life after battle.
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Kiss our child for me.
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Be brave, my darling Sophie.
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A thousand farewells."
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(explosions booming)
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34-year-old German soldier Fritz Moseler writes,
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(tense music)
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"My dearest sister,
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I can take no more of the horror and the fatigue.
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I don't want to describe what I have lived through here.
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At times, I'm not sure if I'm dead or alive.
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Those who make it home safe and sound
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will owe thanks to God."
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(men chattering)
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Has God abandoned these men?
(somber music)
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(guns firing)
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Did they have a choice?
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How did they continue?
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How did they manage to hold onto their humanity?
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Through their love of country,
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pride,
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or their daily ration of wine?
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What kept them alive?
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(men chattering)
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Was it the long awaited mail that brought a glimmer of hope?
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Was it the comradery?
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Was it simply luck?
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Why does this particular battle,
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the Battle of Verdun, where over 300,000 perished,
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still resonate so loudly 100 years later?
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(tense music)
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Six months before the battle, the summer of 1915.
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The German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires
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confront the Russian Empire, the United Kingdom,
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Italy, Serbia, and particularly France,
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where the front has settled into a stalemate
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across 700 kilometers of trenches
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from occupied Belgium to Alsace.
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The Germans occupy 10 French departments,
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(bells tolling)
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like here in Lubine, a small village the Vosges,
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where the German commanding officer
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organizes two Sunday masses.
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One for the French civilian population,
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the other for the German troops.
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(tense music)
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Rare footage of the Prussian Order.
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The invader takes over the resources
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belonging to the population with whom he maintains
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good or bad relations.
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Here a family provides a German officer with accommodations.
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Behind a careful smile, Clemence Martin complains
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{\an8}of unwillingly contributing to the German war effort.
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{\an8}In her words, "We live like exiles.
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{\an8}(people chattering)
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We are forced to work for the Germans.
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Everything is requisitioned.
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What are we to say when our poor children cry out,
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Mother, I'm hungry?"
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(baby crying)
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{\an8}In France, behind the lines,
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everything is done to compensate the loss
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of the north's industries and to make up the backlog
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in German armament production.
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The factories run day and night.
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The men have been replaced by women.
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Trade unionist, Marcel Kapie,
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describes their hell to perfection.
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"Women in their 20s with pretty faces and frail figures,
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fire, smoke, and the deafening rumble of the towers.
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Pale arms suddenly appear from under a rolled up sleeve.
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The worker always standing lifts the shell.
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It weighs seven kilos.
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2,500 shells are lifted twice a day, 35,000 kilos.
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In one year, she's lifted 900,000 shells,
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seven million kilos.
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Once strong and healthy,
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now she's just a thin, exhausted young woman.
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One, two, three in the morning,
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dawn washes across the windows.
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Crumbled faces, sunken eyes, hollowed cheeks,
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bruised arms begging for mercy."
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(machines clanging)
(tense music)
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In 1915, the women of the warring nations
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unite to demand peace.
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"We protest against the madness and the horror of war
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involving as it does a reckless sacrifice
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of human life and the destruction of so much
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that humanity has labored through centuries to build.
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War is commonly brought about not by the mass of the people
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but by groups representing particular interests."
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To placate public opinion,
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a munition factory's childcare center
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is featured in the newsreels.
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However, many of these children are abandoned
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and raised in poverty like one million other war orphans.
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(somber music)
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In those days, France's school children
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parade behind the flag.
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They march in step, brought up to hate the German,
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the kraut, who stole Alsace and Lorraine in 1871.
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The lost provinces must be recovered.
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This idea is drummed into the heads of France's youth.
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We must be ready to die for our country.
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(singing in foreign language)
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Children lie about their age and find themselves
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in the trenches.
(patriotic music)
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{\an8}Like 15-year-old Jean Fendrich,
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{\an8}a young man from Lorraine,
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{\an8}who was wounded five times and received the War Cross.
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(people chattering)
(tense music)
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The German troops celebrate Christmas of 1915.
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They're on their home turf in Alsace.
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They feel justified because Alsace and the Moselle
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have been annexed.
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This land is now part of the Reich, the German Empire,
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where it belongs.
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The Germans build better trenches than the French
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because now they're in a defensive position.
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Their leader is a cautious, respected Prussian aristocrat,
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(somber music)
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{\an8}54-year-old General Erich von Falkenhayn.
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{\an8}He speaks French and admires French culture
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but he considers France to be a second-rate military power.
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To him, England is the real enemy.
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He wants to dissociate the two allied adversaries,
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defeat them separately, and negotiate.
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Falkenhayn's spies have informed him
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that the English and the French are preparing
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a huge offensive in the Somme.
(tense music)
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His best play is to attack first,
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somewhere else along the front.
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He chooses Verdun,
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a quiet, poorly-defended zone.
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Falkenhayn has gathered his information
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through a series of reconnaissance flights.
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The Zeiss lens factory supplies photographic equipment
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{\an8}to fearless aviators like Lieutenant Hermann Goering
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{\an8}who will become the highest official
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{\an8}in Hitler's Reich 20 years down the line.
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At 22, Goering receives the Iron Cross
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in honor of his reconnaissance work
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in the Verdun area and on the Meuse River.
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Falkenhayn feels confident of his plan to attack at Verdun.
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(wind whistling)
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His starting positions are ideal.
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(tense music)
He has the benefit
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of excellent natural observation posts
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such as the Romagna crest
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hidden from sight by the forests.
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He will be able to transport his troops and artillery,
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displace the French, scale the hills,
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and seize the highest spots defended
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by forts like Douaumont.
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Falkenhayn knows that these forts have been disarmed
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to provide additional artillery for the Somme.
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He will be able to push the French back
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to the Verdun Citadel and the Meuse River
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where they will trapped and cut off
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from their backup.
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The name of Falkenhayn's plan
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{\an8}is Gericht, Operation Judgment.
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{\an8}(tense music)
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{\an8}This will clear the way to Paris,
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only 230 kilometers away.
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(wind whistling)
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Germany is fighting on two fronts,
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in the east and the west.
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She will have to use her troops sparingly
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and destroy the French in one shot
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in an unprecedented avalanche of millions of shells.
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Falkenhayn has the necessary resources.
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His artillery is the best in the world,
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much improved since 1914.
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The 100,000 workers in steel factories like Krupp
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produce hundreds of highly-powerful heavy cannons per month.
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(train whistle tooting)
The German High Command
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also has access to a very elaborate railway network
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unlike the French in Verdun who are very isolated.
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In order to come as close as possible to the attack zone,
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the German train tracks are extended by several kilometers,
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enabling hundreds of trains to continuously supply
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the first lines of battle.
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(train rumbling)
(tense music)
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2 1/2 million shells are hidden two kilometers
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from the French front lines,
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enough for six days of uninterrupted artillery bombing.
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(tense drumming music)
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140,000 soldiers are assembled in small, discrete groups.
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They are wearing the new steel helmet,
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the famous Stahlhelm
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which will come to symbolize the invading German soldier.
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The army's schedule to attack Verdun is led by the son
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of Emperor Wilhelm II,
(lively classical music)
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{\an8}The Kronprinz Wilhelm of Prussia.
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{\an8}Despite the intimidating skull and crossbones,
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which are actually the Hussar's emblem,
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the Kronprinz isn't a fearsome warrior.
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He has spent his life in lavish parlors
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and has only used a rifle to shoot pheasants.
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(wings flapping)
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(rifle firing)
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20 years later, he will actively support Hitler.
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(tense music)
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Emperor Wilhelm II braves the cold winter of 1916
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and comes to Verdun to congratulate his son in person
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and to make sure he is surrounded
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by highly competent generals.
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(wind whistling)
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A victory at Verdun will strengthen his stature
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and the prestige of the German Empire.
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But all preparations for this campaign
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must remain secret.
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In the German-occupied villages around Verdun,
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French civilians are evacuated to dispel rumors
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of an impending assault.
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(somber music)
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The German troops are exhausted
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from building gigantic underground shelters.
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These can accommodate up to 4,000 men
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undetected by the French until the very end.
264
00:15:35,775 --> 00:15:37,520
(tense music)
265
00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:38,960
A German propaganda film
266
00:15:38,960 --> 00:15:41,910
shows the Kronprinz hammering home a message
267
00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:44,500
to his troops, the (speaking in foreign language).
268
00:15:44,500 --> 00:15:45,910
Their mission is crucial
269
00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:47,200
to the (speaking in foreign language),
270
00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:50,340
the Fatherland, the nation.
271
00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:53,050
In order to destroy whoever survives the bombings,
272
00:15:53,050 --> 00:15:56,740
a new and terrifying weapon is now at their disposal,
273
00:15:56,740 --> 00:15:57,933
the flame thrower.
274
00:16:07,181 --> 00:16:08,495
(eerie music)
275
00:16:08,495 --> 00:16:13,040
Late January 1916, one month before the battle,
276
00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:15,053
German troops continue to arrive.
277
00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,710
The atmosphere is increasingly tense.
278
00:16:21,710 --> 00:16:25,400
Everyone senses something decisive is in the works
279
00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:27,813
and everyone hopes it will end the war.
280
00:16:31,050 --> 00:16:33,956
26-year-old Lieutenant Werner Beumelburg writes,
281
00:16:33,956 --> 00:16:36,657
(tense music)
282
00:16:36,657 --> 00:16:39,720
"Like beasts of burden, the men are loaded down
283
00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:43,260
with grenades, their rifle, tools, helmet,
284
00:16:43,260 --> 00:16:46,050
and bandoliers full of ammunition.
285
00:16:46,050 --> 00:16:47,150
Not a word is spoken."
286
00:16:48,502 --> 00:16:51,585
(suspenseful music)
287
00:16:54,860 --> 00:16:59,273
The attack is set for February 11th, 1916, at dawn.
288
00:17:05,330 --> 00:17:08,073
A few kilometers away, on the banks of the Meuse,
289
00:17:09,570 --> 00:17:12,480
the French, behind their camouflage netting,
290
00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:15,816
seem unaware of what the Germans have in store.
291
00:17:15,816 --> 00:17:18,316
(eerie music)
292
00:17:24,116 --> 00:17:27,116
(suspenseful music)
293
00:17:36,660 --> 00:17:39,593
{\an8}Verdun is calm like the waters of the Meuse.
294
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:44,220
Most of its inhabitants left at the onset of the war
295
00:17:44,220 --> 00:17:46,133
to seek refuge in the countryside.
296
00:17:49,370 --> 00:17:52,253
These units have a quiet station where they can rest.
297
00:17:58,760 --> 00:18:01,440
This sense of security has prompted the commander
298
00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:04,250
to set up close to town a big hospital
299
00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:06,090
specifically for treating the diseases
300
00:18:06,090 --> 00:18:07,660
brought back by soldiers
(somber music)
301
00:18:07,660 --> 00:18:10,003
who have spent too much time in the trenches,
302
00:18:11,390 --> 00:18:14,710
such as frostbitten feet requiring amputation
303
00:18:14,710 --> 00:18:16,710
or dysentery caused by dirty water
304
00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:18,683
where corpses have been left to rot.
305
00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:23,970
Arrogant military doctors with inflated male egos
306
00:18:23,970 --> 00:18:26,883
avoid treating these cases of bloody diarrhea.
307
00:18:30,730 --> 00:18:32,000
They have handed this task
308
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,090
over to the French Army's only female doctor,
309
00:18:35,090 --> 00:18:36,677
{\an8}Dr. Nicole Mangin.
310
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:40,840
{\an8}This 30-year-old Parisian woman successfully achieved
311
00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:44,010
a feminist tour de force by getting herself drafted
312
00:18:44,010 --> 00:18:44,953
into the army.
313
00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:49,180
She explains, "I spend weeks with people
314
00:18:49,180 --> 00:18:51,030
who treat me like I have the plague."
315
00:18:52,340 --> 00:18:55,960
At the of the war, Nicole Mangin commits suicide
316
00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:58,003
out of fatigue and despair.
317
00:18:58,940 --> 00:19:01,770
In 1916, on the Verdun front,
318
00:19:01,770 --> 00:19:04,560
she checks up relentlessly on the soldiers,
319
00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:07,043
accompanied by her dog Dun, for Verdun,
320
00:19:08,010 --> 00:19:10,393
who occasionally protects her from the men.
321
00:19:11,677 --> 00:19:13,320
(singing in foreign language)
322
00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:15,960
These soldiers are so sexually deprived
323
00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:17,250
that they perform sketches
324
00:19:17,250 --> 00:19:19,763
using pathetic female substitutes.
325
00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:36,620
With no Germans to kill, they kill time instead.
326
00:19:36,620 --> 00:19:39,590
They occupy themselves by practicing their trade
327
00:19:39,590 --> 00:19:41,790
like this craftsman who uses
328
00:19:41,790 --> 00:19:43,130
the bronze shell casings
(singing in foreign language)
329
00:19:43,130 --> 00:19:45,243
to make rings for faraway wives.
330
00:19:46,540 --> 00:19:50,373
(men laughing and chattering)
331
00:20:16,074 --> 00:20:18,574
(tense music)
332
00:20:20,210 --> 00:20:25,210
North of Verdun, 10 kilometers before Fort Douaumont,
333
00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:30,423
the Caures forest is on the French front line.
334
00:20:36,570 --> 00:20:38,810
Like the rest of this forgotten front,
335
00:20:38,810 --> 00:20:41,790
the Caures forest isn't heavily defended.
336
00:20:41,790 --> 00:20:44,780
The French soldiers wander around carefree,
337
00:20:44,780 --> 00:20:47,033
mere meters from the German lines.
338
00:20:53,150 --> 00:20:56,960
{\an8}Their leader is 61-year-old Colonel Emile Driant,
339
00:20:56,960 --> 00:21:00,360
{\an8}who will play a crucial role in upcoming events.
340
00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:03,040
After leaving the army, Driant became deputy
341
00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:06,370
for the part of the Lorraine region that remained French.
342
00:21:06,370 --> 00:21:09,140
A devoted patriot, he has volunteered to fight
343
00:21:09,140 --> 00:21:11,440
along with 200 other deputies.
344
00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:13,060
17 will be killed.
345
00:21:13,060 --> 00:21:14,444
Many others will be wounded.
346
00:21:14,444 --> 00:21:17,194
(men chattering)
347
00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:24,683
Driant is stationed in the quiet Verdun sector.
348
00:21:26,690 --> 00:21:31,150
{\an8}In February 1916, he commands 2,200 infantrymen
349
00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:32,890
known as Chasseurs.
350
00:21:32,890 --> 00:21:36,530
He lives among them and they all call him Father Driant.
351
00:21:36,530 --> 00:21:41,080
He has adopted a war orphan, 14-year-old Germain Baron,
352
00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:42,843
who is the battalion's mascot.
353
00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:47,510
Driant notices suspicious activity
354
00:21:47,510 --> 00:21:50,132
on the German lines in the woods.
355
00:21:50,132 --> 00:21:52,288
(bird cawing)
356
00:21:52,288 --> 00:21:54,871
(man shouting)
357
00:21:56,650 --> 00:21:57,830
He is convinced
358
00:21:57,830 --> 00:21:58,663
that they are related
(tense music)
359
00:21:58,663 --> 00:22:01,200
to the preparation of a widespread attack on Verdun.
360
00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:05,580
He attempts to reinforce his defensive line
361
00:22:05,580 --> 00:22:07,713
with whatever means are at his disposal.
362
00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:12,600
New communication trenches are dug
363
00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:15,623
and makeshift shelters are constructed.
364
00:22:17,740 --> 00:22:20,960
On several occasions, Driant shares his concerns
365
00:22:20,960 --> 00:22:23,683
about Verdun's weak defenses with headquarters.
366
00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:27,453
But his warnings go unheeded.
367
00:22:29,190 --> 00:22:31,800
So he decides to abandon his post
368
00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:35,010
{\an8}and don his deputy's attire so that he can alert
369
00:22:35,010 --> 00:22:37,790
{\an8}the army commission.
(tense music)
370
00:22:37,790 --> 00:22:39,720
The war minister demands explanations
371
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:41,623
{\an8}of Commander-in-Chief General Joffre.
372
00:22:44,100 --> 00:22:47,200
{\an8}In the public eye, 64-year-old Joseph Joffre
373
00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:49,310
is the man who won the Battle of the Marne
374
00:22:49,310 --> 00:22:50,980
which saved Paris.
375
00:22:50,980 --> 00:22:54,640
{\an8}He appears to wield more power than Raymond Poincare,
376
00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:56,463
{\an8}President of the French Republic.
377
00:23:00,580 --> 00:23:03,120
{\an8}Joffre threatens to resign.
378
00:23:03,120 --> 00:23:06,857
He replies contemptuously to Driant's accusations.
379
00:23:06,857 --> 00:23:09,160
"I will not tolerate military officers
380
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:12,090
informing the government of complaints or claims
381
00:23:12,090 --> 00:23:14,937
pertaining to the execution of my orders."
382
00:23:17,380 --> 00:23:19,300
The French Army's main headquarters at Chantilly
383
00:23:19,300 --> 00:23:24,300
in the north of Paris is truly a state within a state.
384
00:23:24,530 --> 00:23:26,800
Joffre has decided to ignore the warnings
385
00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:28,423
which have increased in numbers.
386
00:23:30,900 --> 00:23:34,890
Such as this one, expressed by the head of secret services,
387
00:23:34,890 --> 00:23:36,253
General Charles Dupont.
388
00:23:37,887 --> 00:23:40,190
"Our intelligence is formal.
389
00:23:40,190 --> 00:23:42,940
The Germans are constantly increasing their numbers
390
00:23:42,940 --> 00:23:45,280
and strengthening their artillery.
391
00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:47,840
I am struggling to persuade General Joffre
392
00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:51,000
of the imminence of a tremendous attack on Verdun
393
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,684
and yet, I've never had such trouble convincing him before."
394
00:23:54,684 --> 00:23:57,890
(tense drumming music)
395
00:23:57,890 --> 00:23:59,370
Why?
396
00:23:59,370 --> 00:24:01,830
Because an alert of this kind is common
397
00:24:01,830 --> 00:24:04,133
on a 700-kilometer-long front.
398
00:24:08,710 --> 00:24:12,633
For Joffre, the real battle is in the Somme.
399
00:24:13,930 --> 00:24:16,976
Nothing must overshadow this great offensive.
400
00:24:16,976 --> 00:24:20,393
(military trumpet music)
401
00:24:24,070 --> 00:24:28,020
(men chattering)
(wind whistling)
402
00:24:28,020 --> 00:24:31,353
(plane engine rumbling)
403
00:24:33,530 --> 00:24:35,310
On the other side of the front,
404
00:24:35,310 --> 00:24:37,420
{\an8}on the evening of February 10th,
405
00:24:37,420 --> 00:24:39,040
{\an8}the Germans are awaiting the signal
406
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:41,033
{\an8}to launch their offensive on Verdun.
407
00:24:42,578 --> 00:24:45,380
(tense music)
408
00:24:45,380 --> 00:24:49,270
The Kronprinz, the Emperor's son, appears one last time
409
00:24:49,270 --> 00:24:50,683
to motivate his troops.
410
00:24:55,450 --> 00:24:59,050
At that very moment, a small group of Alsatians desert
411
00:24:59,050 --> 00:25:03,653
including Emile Didier of Germany's 143rd Infantry Regiment.
412
00:25:06,170 --> 00:25:08,530
He successfully makes it to the French trenches
413
00:25:08,530 --> 00:25:10,547
and alerts the troops.
(suspenseful music)
414
00:25:10,547 --> 00:25:13,667
"By 5 am, the Prussians will be here."
415
00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:19,710
{\an8}These Alsatian deserters are taken in by Driant's soldiers.
416
00:25:19,710 --> 00:25:23,460
{\an8}Driant immediately grasps the urgency of the situation.
417
00:25:23,460 --> 00:25:25,760
He decides to evacuate a few men.
418
00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:29,710
{\an8}He sadly bids farewell to his mascot, young Germain Baron
419
00:25:29,710 --> 00:25:32,370
{\an8}and entrusts his wedding band to his secretary
420
00:25:32,370 --> 00:25:33,853
to deliver to his wife.
421
00:25:35,030 --> 00:25:35,863
But a storm
(wind whistling)
422
00:25:35,863 --> 00:25:37,523
delays the German offensive.
423
00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:46,350
Over a two-day period, the forest is engulfed
424
00:25:46,350 --> 00:25:48,290
in 50 centimeters of snow,
425
00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:50,310
providing Driant's Chasseurs
426
00:25:50,310 --> 00:25:54,173
and all those defending Verdun with an unexpected reprieve.
427
00:25:56,270 --> 00:25:59,150
Joffre finally decides to react.
428
00:25:59,150 --> 00:26:02,270
All available units around Verdun receive the order
429
00:26:02,270 --> 00:26:03,103
to make their way
(somber music)
430
00:26:03,103 --> 00:26:04,053
to the front lines.
431
00:26:04,053 --> 00:26:06,354
(wind whistling)
432
00:26:06,354 --> 00:26:09,104
(men chattering)
433
00:26:10,380 --> 00:26:13,910
A French soldier from the 288th Infantry Regiment,
434
00:26:13,910 --> 00:26:15,763
Anatol Kasteks, writes,
435
00:26:18,137 --> 00:26:20,320
"Here we are since last night
436
00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:23,900
right next to the krauts who are just 80 meters away.
437
00:26:23,900 --> 00:26:25,490
The weather is awful.
438
00:26:25,490 --> 00:26:28,733
We are here as backup because an attack is expected.
439
00:26:28,733 --> 00:26:29,700
(suspenseful music)
440
00:26:29,700 --> 00:26:32,300
All furloughs have been suspended.
441
00:26:32,300 --> 00:26:34,120
Every night we dig trenches
442
00:26:34,120 --> 00:26:36,493
and plant barbed wire everywhere."
443
00:26:47,690 --> 00:26:50,070
On the other side, German soldiers
444
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:53,720
who were prepared to attack are depleting their rations
445
00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:55,493
in order to withstand the cold.
446
00:26:56,670 --> 00:27:00,170
Paul Ettighoffer, a young Alsatian serving Germany
447
00:27:00,170 --> 00:27:01,603
describes the scene.
448
00:27:03,097 --> 00:27:05,040
"Water runs off our helmets
449
00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:07,853
spreading an unbearable cold throughout the body.
450
00:27:09,300 --> 00:27:11,600
The drops fall mercilessly
451
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:13,830
wetting our hands and faces,
452
00:27:13,830 --> 00:27:15,623
bouncing off the cans of food.
453
00:27:16,970 --> 00:27:17,990
The monotonous sound
454
00:27:17,990 --> 00:27:20,817
feels like the ticking of death's clock."
455
00:27:24,058 --> 00:27:26,117
Driant tells his men,
(suspenseful music)
456
00:27:26,117 --> 00:27:30,163
"Tomorrow a massive German assault is likely to be launched.
457
00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:34,588
We must be prepared to die where we stand."
458
00:27:34,588 --> 00:27:36,840
(clock ticking)
459
00:27:36,840 --> 00:27:41,370
The day of the attack, 7:15 am, February 21st, 1916.
460
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:43,723
The sun is shining.
461
00:27:45,020 --> 00:27:47,330
The great German offensive designed to change
462
00:27:47,330 --> 00:27:49,308
the course of the war is unleashed.
463
00:27:49,308 --> 00:27:52,190
(man shouting)
(artillery firing)
464
00:27:52,190 --> 00:27:55,150
A storm of steel and a tornado of fire
465
00:27:55,150 --> 00:27:57,190
rage for 10 straight hours.
466
00:27:57,190 --> 00:28:00,520
1,300 cannons fire one million shells
467
00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:02,240
over a 20-kilometer front,
468
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:04,830
destroying the entire Caures forest zone.
469
00:28:04,830 --> 00:28:07,913
(explosions booming)
470
00:28:21,170 --> 00:28:25,130
At 5 pm on February 21st, 1916,
471
00:28:25,130 --> 00:28:26,960
the bombing stops.
472
00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:28,750
The German assault troops advance,
473
00:28:28,750 --> 00:28:30,500
taking possession of a stretch of land
474
00:28:30,500 --> 00:28:33,510
that should be devoid of all living beings.
475
00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:37,570
But against all odds, some French soldiers have survived.
476
00:28:37,570 --> 00:28:41,540
Amongst them, Driant's Chasseurs.
477
00:28:41,540 --> 00:28:43,340
Despite terrible losses,
(guns firing)
478
00:28:43,340 --> 00:28:45,550
the survivors rally courageously
479
00:28:45,550 --> 00:28:47,173
and resist with all their might.
480
00:28:48,020 --> 00:28:50,720
The flame throwers force the French out into the open.
481
00:28:58,380 --> 00:29:00,540
Running from one ditch to the next,
482
00:29:00,540 --> 00:29:02,053
they relentlessly retaliate.
483
00:29:02,053 --> 00:29:02,970
(explosion booming)
484
00:29:02,970 --> 00:29:05,420
By nightfall, practically all the trenches
485
00:29:05,420 --> 00:29:08,756
overtaken by the Germans are now back in French hands.
486
00:29:08,756 --> 00:29:10,530
(artillery firing)
(men shouting)
487
00:29:10,530 --> 00:29:15,530
The following day, on February 22nd, 1916, at 5 am,
488
00:29:15,703 --> 00:29:19,060
Driant's infantry men endure another crushing attack.
489
00:29:19,060 --> 00:29:20,880
The assault is just as violent
490
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:24,670
but this time the Germans have added gas shells.
491
00:29:24,670 --> 00:29:26,680
Suffocating and overpowered,
492
00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:29,380
the defenders are unable to stop the German offensive.
493
00:29:30,580 --> 00:29:31,720
(guns firing)
494
00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,453
Driant sends out a final message.
495
00:29:34,477 --> 00:29:36,400
"I'm down to my last reserves.
496
00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:37,520
Send backup.
497
00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:39,509
I'll defend my line to the very end."
498
00:29:39,509 --> 00:29:42,592
(explosions booming)
499
00:29:44,210 --> 00:29:46,153
Following a final counterattack,
500
00:29:47,140 --> 00:29:50,010
Driant orders the retreat and leaves last
501
00:29:50,010 --> 00:29:51,054
to protect his men.
502
00:29:51,054 --> 00:29:53,554
(guns firing)
503
00:29:55,683 --> 00:29:57,540
(artillery firing)
504
00:29:57,540 --> 00:29:59,663
A few survivors make their way back.
505
00:30:00,686 --> 00:30:02,760
(men chattering)
506
00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:04,450
They manage to reach the aid station
507
00:30:04,450 --> 00:30:06,763
where Dr. Nicole Mangin is waiting.
508
00:30:08,270 --> 00:30:11,463
She recalls,
(tense music)
509
00:30:12,587 --> 00:30:14,890
"They came from all sides,
510
00:30:14,890 --> 00:30:18,090
pointing to their injured limbs and faces.
511
00:30:18,090 --> 00:30:20,280
They claimed that the Caures forest had fallen
512
00:30:20,280 --> 00:30:22,950
into enemy hands and that Driant's men
513
00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:24,960
had been exterminated.
514
00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,630
Colonel Driant was dead according to some,
515
00:30:27,630 --> 00:30:29,940
or a prisoner according to others.
516
00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:31,440
We didn't know what to think."
517
00:30:32,830 --> 00:30:34,743
Emile Driant was shot in the head.
518
00:30:35,924 --> 00:30:38,080
(somber music)
519
00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:40,700
Like him, these men that he photographed
520
00:30:40,700 --> 00:30:43,373
a few days prior to the attack did not survive.
521
00:30:46,490 --> 00:30:50,970
Out of 2,200 men, 1,700 died.
522
00:30:50,970 --> 00:30:54,390
Their sacrifice made the Germans lose an entire day.
523
00:30:54,390 --> 00:30:56,830
Was this delay decisive?
524
00:30:56,830 --> 00:30:59,080
Thanks to the heroes of the Caures forest,
525
00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:01,320
the first backups were able to get there
526
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:04,609
and France's artillery is now concentrated in the area.
527
00:31:04,609 --> 00:31:07,526
(artillery firing)
528
00:31:09,020 --> 00:31:11,370
300 French cannons let loose.
529
00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:13,680
The artillery me don't bother to aim.
530
00:31:13,680 --> 00:31:16,649
They just shower the Kronprinz's troops with shells.
531
00:31:16,649 --> 00:31:18,020
(men shouting)
532
00:31:18,020 --> 00:31:20,283
German soldier Richard Muller writes,
533
00:31:21,757 --> 00:31:23,310
"We're caught in the crossfire.
534
00:31:23,310 --> 00:31:25,590
Retreating is as dangerous as advancing.
535
00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:28,840
We're surrounded by a horrifying chaos of human debris.
536
00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:30,230
We hear moaning that seems to come
537
00:31:30,230 --> 00:31:31,800
from the bowels of the Earth.
538
00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:34,150
It's the poor souls who have been buried alive.
539
00:31:34,150 --> 00:31:36,859
How can we escape the French artillery fire?"
540
00:31:36,859 --> 00:31:39,260
(artillery firing)
541
00:31:39,260 --> 00:31:41,220
Despite the terrible losses,
542
00:31:41,220 --> 00:31:42,240
the Germans continue
(suspenseful music)
543
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:43,690
their relentless progression.
544
00:31:47,820 --> 00:31:52,410
On the second day of the attack, February 23rd, 1916,
545
00:31:52,410 --> 00:31:53,910
they storm the Cote-du-Poivre.
546
00:31:56,710 --> 00:31:58,370
They are only five kilometers
547
00:31:58,370 --> 00:32:00,930
from the impenetrable Fort Douaumont,
548
00:32:00,930 --> 00:32:03,080
the highest point from which they would dominate
549
00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:04,513
the entire battlefield.
550
00:32:07,070 --> 00:32:09,350
Fort Douaumont is gigantic.
(tense drumming music)
551
00:32:09,350 --> 00:32:11,690
It's a 400-meter-wide hexagon,
552
00:32:11,690 --> 00:32:16,393
spanning 7.5 acres, surrounded by six-meter-thick walls.
553
00:32:18,590 --> 00:32:21,850
Its underground passages, built at various depths,
554
00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:25,020
run several kilometers long and can provide shelter
555
00:32:25,020 --> 00:32:29,000
to 3,000 soldiers, although there are only four toilets.
556
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:32,087
The tunnels are lit by gas lamps and candles.
557
00:32:32,087 --> 00:32:35,660
(footsteps clacking)
558
00:32:35,660 --> 00:32:38,820
The men defending it are a few territorials,
559
00:32:38,820 --> 00:32:41,193
older soldiers who have been called back up.
560
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:44,020
These forts, built to defend France
561
00:32:44,020 --> 00:32:47,203
after the defeat of 1870, are still imposing.
562
00:32:48,410 --> 00:32:50,980
French propaganda turns them into strongholds
563
00:32:50,980 --> 00:32:53,640
that can block the access to Paris.
564
00:32:53,640 --> 00:32:55,123
But for how long?
565
00:32:57,950 --> 00:32:59,570
The French are very worried
566
00:32:59,570 --> 00:33:01,690
about the fall of the Cote-du-Poivre
567
00:33:01,690 --> 00:33:03,473
and the threat to Fort Douaumont.
568
00:33:04,540 --> 00:33:06,610
{\an8}Commander-in-chief General Joffre
569
00:33:06,610 --> 00:33:09,270
{\an8}gives the order to hold position.
570
00:33:09,270 --> 00:33:10,410
(tense drumming music)
571
00:33:10,410 --> 00:33:14,580
He writes, "Any commander who, in our current situation
572
00:33:14,580 --> 00:33:17,380
gives an order to retreat, will be summoned to appear
573
00:33:17,380 --> 00:33:18,857
before a war council."
574
00:33:20,650 --> 00:33:23,673
Reinforcements converge on the great slaughterhouse.
575
00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:31,020
Joffre is now ready to sacrifice any number of men
576
00:33:31,020 --> 00:33:32,773
to block the road to Paris.
577
00:33:35,690 --> 00:33:36,610
(tense music)
578
00:33:36,610 --> 00:33:39,410
Five days after the beginning of the German attack,
579
00:33:39,410 --> 00:33:42,270
February 26th, 1916,
580
00:33:42,270 --> 00:33:44,350
200 kilometers from Verdun,
581
00:33:44,350 --> 00:33:46,540
Clemence Martin is in her village,
582
00:33:46,540 --> 00:33:48,490
occupied by the Germans.
583
00:33:48,490 --> 00:33:52,150
She understands that serious events are taking place.
584
00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:54,890
She writes, "We can hear the cannons.
585
00:33:54,890 --> 00:33:57,220
The Germans tell us it's coming from Verdun.
586
00:33:57,220 --> 00:33:58,500
I can't believe it.
587
00:33:58,500 --> 00:34:00,312
That's 200 kilometers away.
588
00:34:00,312 --> 00:34:01,670
(lively victory music)
589
00:34:01,670 --> 00:34:03,160
They're celebrating.
590
00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:05,163
Their flags are hoisted in victory.
591
00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:08,683
They ring the bells at noon to sing their joy.
592
00:34:10,620 --> 00:34:12,317
To me it sounds like a death knell.
593
00:34:12,317 --> 00:34:13,150
(men chattering)
(bells tolling)
594
00:34:13,150 --> 00:34:15,400
They claim one of the Verdun forts has been seized
595
00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:17,460
which seems unbelievable.
596
00:34:17,460 --> 00:34:18,867
Is that even possible?"
597
00:34:20,773 --> 00:34:23,523
(dramatic music)
598
00:34:24,730 --> 00:34:26,330
{\an8}Douaumont.
599
00:34:26,330 --> 00:34:28,470
This famous German propaganda film
600
00:34:28,470 --> 00:34:31,950
celebrates the great feat, the taking of the fort,
601
00:34:31,950 --> 00:34:34,170
even though there was no real resistance
602
00:34:34,170 --> 00:34:36,800
because it wasn't heavily defended.
603
00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:40,253
But conquering Fort Douaumont has huge repercussions.
604
00:34:45,604 --> 00:34:46,950
(men chattering)
605
00:34:46,950 --> 00:34:49,393
German soldier Paul Ettighoffer writes,
606
00:34:50,461 --> 00:34:51,497
(somber music)
(artillery booming)
607
00:34:51,497 --> 00:34:54,930
"To us, the fall of Douaumont is the symbol of victory,
608
00:34:54,930 --> 00:34:56,460
and hopefully, peace."
609
00:34:56,460 --> 00:34:58,260
(tense music)
610
00:34:58,260 --> 00:35:00,870
Emperor Wilhelm II has the press publish
611
00:35:00,870 --> 00:35:02,223
a communique announcing,
612
00:35:03,947 --> 00:35:07,000
"Verdun's main fort has fallen."
613
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:10,040
It makes the headlines of the world's newspapers.
614
00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:11,620
The "Sunday Pictorial",
615
00:35:11,620 --> 00:35:14,350
the most important English newspaper of the time,
616
00:35:14,350 --> 00:35:16,070
with a circulation of two million,
617
00:35:16,070 --> 00:35:17,897
runs the headline
618
00:35:17,897 --> 00:35:20,056
"Will the Germans Break Through in Verdun?"
619
00:35:20,056 --> 00:35:23,170
(somber music)
620
00:35:23,170 --> 00:35:25,233
English public opinion and King George V
621
00:35:25,233 --> 00:35:28,230
both believe that if the French front gives way,
622
00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:30,420
the war may be is lost.
(crowd cheering)
623
00:35:30,420 --> 00:35:33,260
As it is, so many men have left their families
624
00:35:33,260 --> 00:35:34,443
to fight in the Somme.
625
00:35:40,860 --> 00:35:42,970
The French press purposely doesn't report
626
00:35:42,970 --> 00:35:44,780
on the status of Douaumont
627
00:35:44,780 --> 00:35:47,590
so as not to discourage the population.
628
00:35:47,590 --> 00:35:49,530
Instead, it announces
(tense music)
629
00:35:49,530 --> 00:35:53,063
the arrival of the Emperor, the Kaiser, on the Verdun front.
630
00:35:55,950 --> 00:35:59,070
Wilhelm II must be concerned about the many losses
631
00:35:59,070 --> 00:36:03,787
suffered by his army, 20,000 men in less than one week.
632
00:36:03,787 --> 00:36:07,093
"We must persevere," pleads his son the Kronprinz.
633
00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:09,930
According to German Command,
634
00:36:09,930 --> 00:36:12,690
the artillery now set up in the hills of Douaumont,
635
00:36:12,690 --> 00:36:14,950
less than 10 kilometer from Verdun,
636
00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:16,733
will be able to reach the city.
637
00:36:20,557 --> 00:36:23,381
{\an8}(artillery firing)
(tense music)
638
00:36:23,381 --> 00:36:25,510
{\an8}Verdun has been hit hard.
639
00:36:25,510 --> 00:36:28,588
Its cathedral was 1,000 years old.
640
00:36:28,588 --> 00:36:29,421
(suspenseful music)
641
00:36:29,421 --> 00:36:31,800
The city has been partially evacuated
642
00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:35,643
and the German shells don't claim many victims.
643
00:36:38,430 --> 00:36:39,630
But the French High Command
(somber music)
644
00:36:39,630 --> 00:36:42,330
understands the gravity of the situation.
645
00:36:42,330 --> 00:36:44,993
The protective ring of forts is about to give way.
646
00:36:48,800 --> 00:36:51,883
The villagers around Verdun are forced to leave their homes.
647
00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:57,170
They pass by soldiers and medics under terrible stress
648
00:36:57,170 --> 00:36:58,903
going in the opposite direction.
649
00:37:00,832 --> 00:37:01,950
(people chattering)
650
00:37:01,950 --> 00:37:04,090
Surgeon Georges Duhamel will become
651
00:37:04,090 --> 00:37:06,280
one of the greatest French authors.
652
00:37:06,280 --> 00:37:10,580
He writes, "They push wretched animals
653
00:37:10,580 --> 00:37:14,400
and shaky carts carrying mattresses, quilts,
654
00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:16,463
whatever is needed to sleep and eat.
655
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:23,520
From village to village, they look for accommodations
656
00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:26,653
that don't exist, yet they never complain.
657
00:37:30,940 --> 00:37:33,000
Groups of people with minor injuries limp
658
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:36,483
towards the ambulance, a doctor approaches us.
659
00:37:37,504 --> 00:37:39,010
(bombs whistling)
660
00:37:39,010 --> 00:37:41,200
We are immediately struck by the stench
661
00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:43,055
and the complaints of the wounded.
662
00:37:43,055 --> 00:37:44,370
(artillery firing)
663
00:37:44,370 --> 00:37:47,520
A wave of formaldehyde tears at our throats
664
00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:50,530
but can't mask the vile odor of men crowded together.
665
00:37:50,530 --> 00:37:51,900
(man coughing)
666
00:37:51,900 --> 00:37:55,610
We see them in different rooms, huddled around frying pans
667
00:37:55,610 --> 00:37:58,359
or stretched out on cots and hallway tiles.
668
00:37:58,359 --> 00:38:01,380
(men shouting)
669
00:38:01,380 --> 00:38:04,384
We hurry to divide up the work and allocate roles.
670
00:38:04,384 --> 00:38:06,200
(men screaming)
671
00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:09,410
The cries and the suffering overpower the explosions
672
00:38:09,410 --> 00:38:11,300
of the tremendous cannonade."
673
00:38:19,010 --> 00:38:19,987
Georges Duhamel
(somber music)
674
00:38:19,987 --> 00:38:21,380
and the three other surgeons
675
00:38:21,380 --> 00:38:23,750
of Ambulance 93 carry out
676
00:38:23,750 --> 00:38:26,423
over a hundred emergency operations per day.
677
00:38:29,230 --> 00:38:32,450
They sort the wounded by the seriousness of their injuries,
678
00:38:32,450 --> 00:38:35,690
amputating wherever gangrene has developed.
679
00:38:35,690 --> 00:38:38,343
They see to the burial of those they couldn't save.
680
00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:48,170
Six days after the attack on February 27th, 1916,
681
00:38:48,170 --> 00:38:50,660
while Georges Duhamel is trying to save lives
682
00:38:50,660 --> 00:38:52,470
in the suburbs of Verdun,
683
00:38:52,470 --> 00:38:55,690
the situation on the battlefield remains critical.
684
00:38:55,690 --> 00:38:56,830
The French have lost Douaumont
685
00:38:56,830 --> 00:38:59,690
but they desperately try to hold onto the village
686
00:38:59,690 --> 00:39:00,577
behind the fort.
687
00:39:00,577 --> 00:39:02,690
(artillery firing)
688
00:39:02,690 --> 00:39:05,330
The 95th Infantry Regiment tries to resist
689
00:39:05,330 --> 00:39:07,123
and even attempts to attack.
690
00:39:08,735 --> 00:39:13,700
(guns firing)
(artillery firing)
691
00:39:13,700 --> 00:39:16,370
The soldiers await their turn in the central trench
692
00:39:16,370 --> 00:39:18,043
that leads to the front line.
693
00:39:21,786 --> 00:39:24,667
(men shouting)
(guns firing)
694
00:39:24,667 --> 00:39:27,917
(eerie piercing music)
695
00:39:36,031 --> 00:39:41,004
The regiment loses 800 men out of 1,000 in a single day.
696
00:39:41,004 --> 00:39:43,620
Eugene Lemercier, a French fighter,
697
00:39:43,620 --> 00:39:45,570
describes this never-ending hell
698
00:39:45,570 --> 00:39:47,857
in a letter to his mother.
(tense music)
699
00:39:47,857 --> 00:39:50,563
"You have no idea what man can do to his fellow man.
700
00:39:52,300 --> 00:39:54,533
My feet are covered with human brain matter.
701
00:39:55,580 --> 00:39:59,473
I crush thoraxes and walk over entrails.
702
00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:03,163
The regiment was heroic,
703
00:40:05,210 --> 00:40:06,993
but we have no more officers.
704
00:40:13,731 --> 00:40:16,460
When all the officers have died, one after the other,
705
00:40:16,460 --> 00:40:19,220
the noncommissioned officers take command
706
00:40:19,220 --> 00:40:23,117
and the combat continues until no man is left standing."
707
00:40:24,370 --> 00:40:25,860
Those who survive are the ones
708
00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:27,780
who have been there the longest.
709
00:40:27,780 --> 00:40:30,480
They have been fighting for almost two years
710
00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:32,140
and have learned their trade.
711
00:40:32,140 --> 00:40:34,310
Even in the shell holes and humidity,
712
00:40:34,310 --> 00:40:35,747
in the cold and ice,
713
00:40:35,747 --> 00:40:38,300
they know small ways to create
714
00:40:38,300 --> 00:40:43,090
a semblance of comfort.
(suspenseful music)
715
00:40:43,090 --> 00:40:45,560
They've been ordered to hold their position.
716
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:47,770
Above all, their commanding general
717
00:40:47,770 --> 00:40:49,693
wants to reassure the allies.
718
00:41:11,159 --> 00:41:14,520
Joffre sends as many reinforcements as he can.
719
00:41:14,520 --> 00:41:16,310
To lead the defense of Verdun,
720
00:41:16,310 --> 00:41:20,443
{\an8}he names a recognized and available leader, Philippe Petain.
721
00:41:25,030 --> 00:41:29,000
The problem is that Petain is in Paris and can't be located.
722
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,520
One of his officers familiar with his habits
723
00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:33,600
goes round to the brothels and hotels
724
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:35,513
that Petain frequently visits.
725
00:41:35,513 --> 00:41:38,326
(lively French music)
726
00:41:38,326 --> 00:41:39,680
Petain is found in a room
727
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:42,020
at the Hotel Terminus Gare du Nord
728
00:41:42,020 --> 00:41:44,440
in the company of Eugenie Hardon,
729
00:41:44,440 --> 00:41:46,420
a 39-year-old divorcee.
730
00:41:46,420 --> 00:41:48,340
She's considered his steady girl
731
00:41:48,340 --> 00:41:50,380
because there are others too
732
00:41:50,380 --> 00:41:52,253
just as pretty but younger.
733
00:41:56,810 --> 00:41:58,110
One week after the onset
(tense music)
734
00:41:58,110 --> 00:41:59,460
of the German attack,
735
00:41:59,460 --> 00:42:02,390
Petain and his general staff settle into the City Hall
736
00:42:02,390 --> 00:42:06,020
at Souilly, 20 kilometers from Verdun.
737
00:42:06,020 --> 00:42:09,430
General Petain is 60, a farmer's son.
738
00:42:09,430 --> 00:42:12,330
Heavily affected by the defeat of 1870,
739
00:42:12,330 --> 00:42:14,970
he establishes his authority through his composure
740
00:42:14,970 --> 00:42:16,423
and sense of leadership.
741
00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:22,313
But will he succeed in turning the situation around?
742
00:42:25,140 --> 00:42:28,180
His men claim he has the spirit of a foot soldier.
743
00:42:28,180 --> 00:42:30,560
He is concerned about their existence.
744
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:33,250
He dares to say, "Firepower kills,"
745
00:42:33,250 --> 00:42:34,873
which is rare for a general.
746
00:42:37,240 --> 00:42:39,247
He also advises his men,
747
00:42:39,247 --> 00:42:41,160
"Be heroic by all means,
748
00:42:41,160 --> 00:42:43,734
but most importantly, stay alive."
749
00:42:43,734 --> 00:42:45,400
(men chattering)
(horse snorting)
750
00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:47,440
He does everything in his power to improve
751
00:42:47,440 --> 00:42:50,673
the daily existence of the Poilus, or hairy beasts.
752
00:42:51,690 --> 00:42:53,540
He is concerned with irregularity
753
00:42:53,540 --> 00:42:54,970
and the quality of the meals
754
00:42:55,820 --> 00:42:57,983
and never skimps on the red wine.
755
00:42:59,610 --> 00:43:02,030
There is always more wine than water
756
00:43:02,030 --> 00:43:05,713
which is in serious shortage.
(lively music)
757
00:43:07,341 --> 00:43:10,910
(singing in foreign language)
758
00:43:10,910 --> 00:43:13,640
The red wine is brought all the way to the front,
759
00:43:13,640 --> 00:43:17,203
bringing courage to these men ready to die for the homeland.
760
00:43:27,593 --> 00:43:30,176
(lively music)
761
00:43:38,757 --> 00:43:41,507
(wind whistling)
762
00:43:44,241 --> 00:43:46,824
(somber music)
763
00:44:21,250 --> 00:44:24,583
{\an8}(dramatic somber music)
764
00:45:03,005 --> 00:45:05,755
(dramatic music)
765
00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,690
(tense drumming music)
766
00:45:32,944 --> 00:45:35,611
{\an8}(gentle music)
58512
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