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{\an7}THERE‘S NOTHING LIKE DISCOVERING
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{\an7}AMERICA‘S GREAT CITIES
\h\h\h\h\hFROM ABOVE...
3
00:00:07,241 --> 00:00:11,078
{\an7}TO GET A BIRD‘S EYE VIEW OF
THEIR AWE-INSPIRING HEIGHTS,
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00:00:11,111 --> 00:00:13,513
{\an7}THEIR DAZZLING PUBLIC SPACES,
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00:00:13,547 --> 00:00:16,116
{\an7}AND THE SYSTEMS THAT KEEP THEM
\h\h\h\hRUNNING DAY AND NIGHT.
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00:00:17,784 --> 00:00:20,954
{\an7}MANY OF AMERICA‘S CITIES WERE
BUILT ON THE HOPES AND DREAMS
7
00:00:20,988 --> 00:00:23,591
{\an7}OF EARLY COLONISTS.
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00:00:23,624 --> 00:00:26,727
{\an7}BUT EACH ONE HAS TAKEN
ITS OWN UNIQUE JOURNEY
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00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:29,062
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BECOME
AN AMERICAN METROPOLIS.
10
00:00:31,265 --> 00:00:33,768
{\an7}A RIVALRY BETWEEN TWO ARCHITECTS
11
00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:35,201
{\an7}ONCE GAVE NEW YORK CITY
12
00:00:35,235 --> 00:00:39,439
{\an7}THE HIGHEST SKYLINE
\h\h\hIN THE WORLD.
13
00:00:39,473 --> 00:00:42,142
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCASINOS, VICE,
AND SPECTACLES OF LIGHT
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00:00:42,175 --> 00:00:44,477
{\an7}TURNED A DESERT VALLEY IN NEVADA
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00:00:44,511 --> 00:00:47,514
{\an7}INTO LAS VEGAS.
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00:00:47,548 --> 00:00:52,019
{\an7}AND SAVVY DEVELOPERS TRANSFORMED
A TINY BARRIER ISLAND IN FLORIDA
17
00:00:52,052 --> 00:00:53,921
{\an7}INTO MIAMI BEACH.
18
00:00:55,789 --> 00:00:57,190
{\an7}ALONG THE WAY,
19
00:00:57,224 --> 00:00:58,926
{\an7}THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA‘S CITIES
20
00:00:58,959 --> 00:01:02,095
{\an7}\hHAVE HAD TO ENDURE
UNIMAGINABLE TRAGEDY.
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00:01:02,129 --> 00:01:05,733
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR SAN FRANCISCANS,
IT WAS MASSIVE EARTHQUAKES.
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00:01:05,766 --> 00:01:09,970
{\an7}FOR THE PEOPLE OF CHICAGO,
IT WAS A DEVASTATING FIRE.
23
00:01:10,003 --> 00:01:11,638
{\an7}AND FOR NEW YORKERS,
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00:01:11,672 --> 00:01:14,175
{\an7}IT WAS THE TERRORIST ATTACKS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF 9/11.
25
00:01:16,043 --> 00:01:17,344
{\an7}BUT EACH TIME,
26
00:01:17,377 --> 00:01:21,615
{\an7}THEY HAVE COME BACK STRONGER
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAN EVER BEFORE.
27
00:01:21,648 --> 00:01:25,318
{\an7}\h\h\hNO CITY IN AMERICA
WOULD BE WHAT IT IS TODAY
28
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{\an7}WITHOUT THE HARD WORK OF PEOPLE
\hWILLING TO TAKE DARING RISKS.
29
00:01:30,624 --> 00:01:34,294
{\an7}THERE ARE THOSE WHO BLAST OUT
\hTUNNELS DEEP UNDERGROUND...
30
00:01:34,328 --> 00:01:36,630
{\an7}ENGINEERS WHO HAVE TO
\h\hCLIMB TO THE TOP
31
00:01:36,663 --> 00:01:40,200
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE NATION‘S
MOST ICONIC SPIRES...
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THE TEAMS
WHO WORK THROUGH THE NIGHT
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00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:44,738
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE SURE
SHIPS, PLANES, AND TRAINS
34
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{\an7}ARE READY TO GO AT DAWN.
35
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{\an7}\h\h\hTHESE ARE THE STORIES
OF AMERICA‘S GREAT CITIES.
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{\an7}♪
37
00:02:11,798 --> 00:02:13,733
{\an7}♪
38
00:02:21,808 --> 00:02:23,743
{\an7}♪
39
00:02:30,817 --> 00:02:33,720
{\an7}WHEN YOU SOAR ACROSS
\h\hAMERICA‘S CITIES
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00:02:33,754 --> 00:02:36,890
{\an7}\h\h\hAND LOOK CLOSELY DOWN AT
THE TOWERING STRUCTURES BELOW,
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00:02:36,923 --> 00:02:38,324
{\an7}CHANCES ARE
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00:02:38,358 --> 00:02:42,028
{\an7}YOU‘LL SPOT SOME OF THE MOST
\hDARING WORKERS IN AMERICA.
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00:02:42,062 --> 00:02:44,965
{\an7}THE JOBS THEY DO MAKE LIFE
\h\hIN OUR CITIES POSSIBLE,
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00:02:44,998 --> 00:02:47,467
{\an7}DAY AND NIGHT.
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00:02:47,501 --> 00:02:49,870
{\an7}JUST OUTSIDE SAN FRANCISCO,
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00:02:49,903 --> 00:02:54,207
{\an7}LINEMEN ARE GETTING A LIFT
\h\h\h\h\h\hBY HELICOPTER.
47
00:02:54,241 --> 00:02:57,277
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY SPEND THEIR DAYS
STRINGING CABLE ON NEW TOWERS
48
00:02:57,310 --> 00:02:59,412
{\an7}THAT KEEP THE BAY AREA RUNNING.
49
00:03:02,282 --> 00:03:03,617
{\an7}IN LAS VEGAS,
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00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:05,085
{\an7}THIS ENGINEER STARTS HIS DAY
51
00:03:05,118 --> 00:03:07,420
{\an7}\h\hBALANCING ON TOP
OF THE STRATOSPHERE--
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00:03:07,454 --> 00:03:10,424
{\an7}ALMOST 900 FEET OFF THE GROUND.
53
00:03:10,457 --> 00:03:14,294
{\an7}HE‘S MAKING SURE THE THRILL RIDE
AT THE TOP IS SAFE AND READY
54
00:03:14,327 --> 00:03:17,831
{\an7}\h\h\hTO TERRIFY TOURISTS
WITH ITS SPINS AND TILTS,
55
00:03:17,864 --> 00:03:19,899
{\an7}HIGH OVER THE LAS VEGAS STRIP.
56
00:03:22,269 --> 00:03:23,704
{\an7}IN NEW YORK CITY,
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00:03:23,737 --> 00:03:26,940
{\an7}A LEGENDARY TEAM OF WORKERS,
\h\h\h\hCALLED THE SANDHOGS,
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00:03:26,973 --> 00:03:29,175
{\an7}IS STARTING THEIR DAILY DESCENT.
59
00:03:29,209 --> 00:03:32,279
{\an7}THEY‘LL SPEND THEIR DAY
13 STORIES UNDERGROUND,
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00:03:32,312 --> 00:03:34,514
{\an7}DRILLING THROUGH SOLID BEDROCK
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00:03:34,548 --> 00:03:37,551
{\an7}TO CREATE NEW RAIL TUNNELS
\h\h\hUNDER THE EAST RIVER.
62
00:03:37,584 --> 00:03:40,487
{\an7}\hDOZENS OF THEIR MEMBERS
HAVE DIED OR BEEN INJURED
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00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:45,392
{\an7}IN TUNNEL COLLAPSES, EXPLOSIONS,
AND CRANE ACCIDENTS.
64
00:03:45,425 --> 00:03:46,693
{\an7}OVER THE YEARS,
65
00:03:46,727 --> 00:03:50,130
{\an7}THE SANDHOGS HAVE CARVED OUT
\h\h\h\hA VAST TUNNEL SYSTEM
66
00:03:50,163 --> 00:03:52,499
{\an7}FOR TRAINS, WATER, AND WASTE
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00:03:52,532 --> 00:03:54,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT HAVE ALL
HELPED TURN NEW YORK
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00:03:54,234 --> 00:03:56,436
{\an7}INTO ONE GIANT METROPOLIS.
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00:04:02,242 --> 00:04:05,278
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMUCH OF THE WORK THAT
KEEPS AMERICA‘S CITIES RUNNING
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00:04:05,312 --> 00:04:06,814
{\an7}IS OUT OF SIGHT.
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00:04:07,914 --> 00:04:10,183
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIGH ABOVE
NEW YORK CITY‘S STREETS,
72
00:04:10,217 --> 00:04:13,620
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hJOHN SCHAFFNER
IS JUST STARTING HIS SHIFT,
73
00:04:13,653 --> 00:04:15,788
{\an7}ALONG WITH FELLOW ENGINEER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDAVID BROWN.
74
00:04:18,358 --> 00:04:22,529
{\an7}THEY OPERATE TWO OF THE TALLEST
\h\h\h\h\hCRANES IN MANHATTAN.
75
00:04:22,562 --> 00:04:25,799
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hEVERY MORNING,
THEY DISAPPEAR INTO THE SKY
76
00:04:25,832 --> 00:04:28,635
{\an7}STEP BY STEP.
77
00:04:28,668 --> 00:04:30,803
{\an7}BY THE TIME THEY REACH
\h\h\hTHE CROW‘S NEST,
78
00:04:30,837 --> 00:04:35,475
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY‘RE MORE THAN
1,000 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND.
79
00:04:35,509 --> 00:04:38,012
{\an7}\hTODAY, JOHN AND DAVE
WILL SPEND THEIR SHIFTS
80
00:04:38,044 --> 00:04:41,648
{\an7}LIFTING GIANT STEEL BEAMS AND
\hOTHER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
81
00:04:41,681 --> 00:04:45,151
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUP TO THE TOP
OF THREE WORLD TRADE CENTER.
82
00:04:45,185 --> 00:04:48,221
{\an7}THEIR WORK HELPS KEEP
NEW YORKERS BELOW SAFE
83
00:04:48,255 --> 00:04:50,924
{\an7}\h\hAS THIS SKYSCRAPER
RISES HIGH ABOVE THEM.
84
00:04:56,930 --> 00:05:00,400
{\an7}\h\hOPERATING A CRANE ON TOP
OF A SKYSCRAPER IN MANHATTAN
85
00:05:00,433 --> 00:05:03,536
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS NOT A JOB
FOR THE FAINT-HEARTED.
86
00:05:03,570 --> 00:05:06,173
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT JUST IMAGINE
BEING LASHED TO A SPIRE
87
00:05:06,206 --> 00:05:10,177
{\an7}1,700 FEET OFF THE GROUND.
88
00:05:10,210 --> 00:05:12,345
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHESE MEN ARE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
89
00:05:12,379 --> 00:05:15,315
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWORKING ON THE TOP
OF ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER,
90
00:05:15,348 --> 00:05:17,584
{\an7}THE TALLEST BUILDING
\h\h\h\hIN MANHATTAN.
91
00:05:17,617 --> 00:05:20,720
{\an7}\h\h\hIT‘S ALSO KNOWN
AS THE FREEDOM TOWER.
92
00:05:20,754 --> 00:05:22,356
{\an7}\hTHE WHITE PANELS
THEY‘RE INSTALLING
93
00:05:22,389 --> 00:05:23,891
{\an7}ARE TURNING THIS SPIRE
94
00:05:23,924 --> 00:05:25,993
{\an7}INTO THE HIGHEST TELEVISION
\h\h\h\h\hBROADCAST ANTENNA
95
00:05:26,026 --> 00:05:28,462
{\an7}IN THE NATION.
96
00:05:28,495 --> 00:05:30,664
{\an7}EVEN IF WE CAN‘T SEE IT
\h\h\hFROM THE GROUND,
97
00:05:30,697 --> 00:05:32,332
{\an7}THERE‘S ALWAYS WORK BEING DONE
98
00:05:32,365 --> 00:05:34,801
{\an7}ON THE TOPS OF AMERICA‘S
\h\h\hTALLEST STRUCTURES.
99
00:05:37,571 --> 00:05:41,041
{\an7}AND THAT WORK IS ESPECIALLY
\h\h\hIMPORTANT IN SEATTLE,
100
00:05:41,074 --> 00:05:43,577
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSINCE FLOAT PLANES
PASS RIGHT ACROSS THE CITY
101
00:05:43,610 --> 00:05:45,645
{\an7}WHEN THEY COME IN TO LAND
\h\h\h\h\hON LAKE UNION.
102
00:05:49,883 --> 00:05:53,019
{\an7}THAT‘S WHAT KEEPS ENGINEER
\h\hVALERIY PALANCHUK BUSY.
103
00:05:55,755 --> 00:05:58,625
{\an7}TODAY, HE‘S ON HIS WAY UP
\h\h\hTO CHANGE THE BULB
104
00:05:58,658 --> 00:06:00,226
{\an7}IN AN AVIATION BEACON,
105
00:06:00,260 --> 00:06:03,830
{\an7}\h\h\h40 FEET ABOVE THE TOP
OF SEATTLE‘S SPACE NEEDLE.
106
00:06:06,967 --> 00:06:08,235
{\an7}ONCE HE GETS THERE,
107
00:06:08,268 --> 00:06:09,669
{\an7}IT TAKES A JUST A FEW MINUTES
108
00:06:09,703 --> 00:06:12,272
{\an7}TO SWAP OUT THE OLD BULB
\h\h\h\h\hFOR A NEW ONE.
109
00:06:14,808 --> 00:06:18,712
{\an7}\hBUT ONE SLIP COULD SEND HIM
DANGLING FROM HIS SAFETY WIRE
110
00:06:18,745 --> 00:06:21,715
{\an7}605 FEET OVER SEATTLE.
111
00:06:21,748 --> 00:06:27,187
{\an7}♪
112
00:06:27,220 --> 00:06:30,423
{\an7}TODAY, IT‘S MISSION ACCOMPLISHED
WITHOUT A HITCH.
113
00:06:32,192 --> 00:06:34,127
{\an7}NOW, NO MATTER WHAT THE WEATHER,
114
00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:36,729
{\an7}\h\h\h\hPILOTS WHO COMES IN
FOR A LANDING ON LAKE UNION
115
00:06:36,763 --> 00:06:39,633
{\an7}WILL STILL HAVE THE SPACE NEEDLE
CLEARLY IN THEIR SIGHTS.
116
00:06:45,572 --> 00:06:48,341
{\an7}\hBUT THERE MAY BE
NO PLACE IN AMERICA
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00:06:48,375 --> 00:06:51,678
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH HIGH-RISE WORK
AS CHALLENGING AS LAS VEGAS.
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00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:56,550
{\an7}THIS CITY GETS A CONSTANT
\h\h\h\hPOUNDING BY DUST
119
00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,853
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT BLOWS IN FROM
ACROSS THE NEVADA DESERT.
120
00:06:59,886 --> 00:07:03,223
{\an7}EVERY DAY, ULYSSES CERVANTES
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND MIGUEL LOPEZ
121
00:07:03,256 --> 00:07:05,525
{\an7}HAVE TO DO THE IMPOSSIBLE--
122
00:07:05,558 --> 00:07:08,027
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hKEEP THE MORE THAN
ONE MILLION SQUARE FEET OF GLASS
123
00:07:08,061 --> 00:07:10,697
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE ROOF OF
THE LUXOR HOTEL AND CASINO
124
00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:13,433
{\an7}DUST-FREE.
125
00:07:13,466 --> 00:07:14,934
{\an7}THE ONLY WAY TO CLEAN
126
00:07:14,968 --> 00:07:17,871
{\an7}THIS LAS VEGAS VERSION
OF AN EGYPTIAN PYRAMID
127
00:07:17,904 --> 00:07:22,075
{\an7}\hIS TO SCRUB AND SQUEEGEE
THE ENTIRE SURFACE BY HAND,
128
00:07:22,108 --> 00:07:25,111
{\an7}EVEN IN BLAZING SUMMER HEAT.
129
00:07:25,145 --> 00:07:26,647
{\an7}IT‘S THE KIND OF HARD WORK
130
00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,616
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT THE BUILDERS
OF EGYPT‘S ANCIENT PYRAMIDS
131
00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:32,685
{\an7}WOULD PROBABLY HAVE HAD
\hA LOT OF RESPECT FOR.
132
00:07:32,719 --> 00:07:34,888
{\an7}BUT AS SOON AS ULYSSES
\hAND MIGUEL ARE DONE,
133
00:07:34,921 --> 00:07:37,590
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY HAVE TO START
ALL OVER AGAIN FROM THE TOP.
134
00:07:41,227 --> 00:07:43,896
{\an7}\h\hSINCE MOST CASINOS
IN THE LAS VEGAS VALLEY
135
00:07:43,930 --> 00:07:46,032
{\an7}ARE SHEATHED WITH GLASS,
136
00:07:46,066 --> 00:07:50,504
{\an7}IT TAKES A LOT OF WINDOW WASHERS
TO KEEP THEM ALL CLEAN.
137
00:07:50,537 --> 00:07:53,373
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY HAVE TO COORDINATE
CAREFULLY WITH CASINO MANAGEMENT
138
00:07:53,406 --> 00:07:57,744
{\an7}TO MAKE SURE GUESTS INSIDE
\h\h\hDON‘T GET SURPRISED.
139
00:07:57,777 --> 00:07:59,879
{\an7}\hTHESE MEN ON THIS TEAM
AREN‘T JUST COLLEAGUES;
140
00:07:59,913 --> 00:08:00,881
{\an7}THEY‘RE FRIENDS
141
00:08:00,914 --> 00:08:03,383
{\an7}AND CLIMBING BUDDIES.
142
00:08:03,416 --> 00:08:05,084
{\an7}WHEN THE WORK DAY IS DONE,
143
00:08:05,118 --> 00:08:06,419
{\an7}THEY OFTEN HEAD OUT
144
00:08:06,453 --> 00:08:09,022
{\an7}TO NEARBY RED ROCK CANYON
NATIONAL CONSERVATION AREA
145
00:08:09,055 --> 00:08:11,691
{\an7}TO CLIMB ITS GIANT BOULDERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND STEEP FACES
146
00:08:11,725 --> 00:08:14,061
{\an7}OF WEATHERED RED SANDSTONE.
147
00:08:15,729 --> 00:08:18,065
{\an7}IN A STATE AS RUGGED AS NEVADA,
148
00:08:18,098 --> 00:08:21,602
{\an7}IT‘S PROBABLY NOT SURPRISING
\h\h\h\hTHAT CASINOS IN VEGAS
149
00:08:21,634 --> 00:08:23,636
{\an7}GET THEIR WINDOWS
\hSCRUBBED CLEAN
150
00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:25,772
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY TEAMS
OF TALENTED ROCK CLIMBERS.
151
00:08:31,011 --> 00:08:32,813
{\an7}BUT IN CHICAGO,
152
00:08:32,846 --> 00:08:35,816
{\an7}THE CITY‘S TALLEST SKYSCRAPER
\h\h\h\hGETS ITS REGULAR BATH
153
00:08:35,849 --> 00:08:38,919
{\an7}WITHOUT A WINDOW WASHER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SIGHT.
154
00:08:38,952 --> 00:08:42,055
{\an7}WHEN THE ENORMOUS BLACK FORMS
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE SEARS TOWER,
155
00:08:42,088 --> 00:08:43,590
{\an7}NOW KNOWN AS THE WILLIS TOWER,
156
00:08:43,623 --> 00:08:46,159
{\an7}WERE COMPLETED IN 1973,
157
00:08:46,192 --> 00:08:48,428
{\an7}\h\hIT WAS THE TALLEST
BUILDING IN THE WORLD,
158
00:08:48,461 --> 00:08:52,031
{\an7}\h\hWITH A ROOFLINE THAT
TOPPED OUT AT 1,450 FEET.
159
00:08:54,134 --> 00:09:00,040
{\an7}BUT COVERING ITS FAÇADE
\hWERE 16,100 WINDOWS.
160
00:09:00,073 --> 00:09:02,809
{\an7}\h\hTHAT‘S A LOT OF GLASS
TO BE SQUEEGEED BY HAND,
161
00:09:02,842 --> 00:09:05,812
{\an7}AND THE ENGINEERS KNEW IT.
162
00:09:05,845 --> 00:09:06,946
{\an7}SO THEY MADE PLANS
163
00:09:06,980 --> 00:09:10,283
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR AN ELITE SQUAD
OF WINDOW-CLEANING ROBOTS
164
00:09:10,316 --> 00:09:13,920
{\an7}\hTHAT COULD BE DEPLOYED FROM
THE TOWER‘S VARIOUS ROOFTOPS.
165
00:09:13,953 --> 00:09:15,221
{\an7}EVERY COUPLE OF WEEKS,
166
00:09:15,255 --> 00:09:18,558
{\an7}\hEACH ROBOT MOVES OUT
FROM ITS ROOFTOP GARAGE
167
00:09:18,591 --> 00:09:21,961
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND GLIDES TO
THE EDGE OF THE TOWER.
168
00:09:21,995 --> 00:09:27,033
{\an7}THEN IT DEPLOYS DOWN THE FAÇADE
\hTO CLEAN EVERY INCH OF GLASS,
169
00:09:27,067 --> 00:09:30,304
{\an7}\h\hWITH BRUSHES, WATER,
AND MECHANICAL SQUEEGEES.
170
00:09:32,405 --> 00:09:35,475
{\an7}THIS IS HOW THE WILLIS TOWER
\h\h\h\hGETS A REGULAR BATH,
171
00:09:35,508 --> 00:09:37,276
{\an7}\hWITHOUT A SINGLE
HUMAN WINDOW WASHER
172
00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:40,180
{\an7}DANGLING DANGEROUSLY
OVER THE WINDY CITY.
173
00:09:45,585 --> 00:09:47,454
{\an7}\h\hWHEN YOU LOOK OUT
PAST THE SKYSCRAPERS
174
00:09:47,487 --> 00:09:49,889
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF JUST ABOUT
EVERY AMERICAN METROPOLIS,
175
00:09:49,923 --> 00:09:53,894
{\an7}THERE‘S ALMOST ALWAYS
\h\hA BODY OF WATER.
176
00:09:53,927 --> 00:09:57,230
{\an7}\h\h\hEVERY AMERICAN CITY
HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE STORY,
177
00:09:57,263 --> 00:10:00,466
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND WATER HAS PLAYED
A LEADING ROLE IN MANY OF THEM,
178
00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:03,169
{\an7}RIGHT FROM THE DAYS
\hOF THEIR FOUNDING.
179
00:10:03,203 --> 00:10:05,605
{\an7}WHEN THE PURITANS ARRIVED
ON THE MASSACHUSETTS COAST
180
00:10:05,638 --> 00:10:08,574
{\an7}AND FOUNDED BOSTON IN 1630,
181
00:10:08,608 --> 00:10:10,743
{\an7}THEY CHOSE A SMALL PENINSULA
182
00:10:10,777 --> 00:10:13,413
{\an7}PROTECTED ON ONE SIDE
\hBY A NATURAL HARBOR
183
00:10:13,446 --> 00:10:16,482
{\an7}AND THE CHARLES RIVER
\h\h\h\hON THE OTHER.
184
00:10:16,516 --> 00:10:19,152
{\an7}BOSTON WENT ON TO BE
\h\h\h\hA MAJOR PORT
185
00:10:19,185 --> 00:10:20,620
{\an7}AND SHIPBUILDING CENTER
186
00:10:20,653 --> 00:10:23,656
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND A HUB FOR
LUMBER, RUM, CODFISH,
187
00:10:23,690 --> 00:10:27,027
{\an7}AND THE TEA THAT HELPED SPARK
\h\hTHE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
188
00:10:31,931 --> 00:10:34,567
{\an7}WHEN PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON
WAS GIVEN THE TASK
189
00:10:34,601 --> 00:10:36,503
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOF CHOOSING A SITE
FOR THE NATION‘S NEW CAPITAL
190
00:10:36,536 --> 00:10:38,071
{\an7}IN 1790,
191
00:10:38,104 --> 00:10:41,240
{\an7}\h\h\hHE PICKED LAND NEXT TO
THE BUSY PORT OF GEORGETOWN,
192
00:10:41,274 --> 00:10:42,308
{\an7}NEAR THE CONFLUENCE
193
00:10:42,342 --> 00:10:44,778
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE POTOMAC
AND ANACOSTIA RIVERS.
194
00:10:46,946 --> 00:10:50,049
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCHICAGO WAS ESTABLISHED
ON THE SHORES OF LAKE MICHIGAN
195
00:10:50,083 --> 00:10:51,318
{\an7}AS A TRADING POST,
196
00:10:51,351 --> 00:10:54,054
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH EASY ACCESS TO
OTHER GREAT LAKES AND RIVERS
197
00:10:54,087 --> 00:10:57,691
{\an7}THAT LED INTO THE INTERIOR.
198
00:10:57,724 --> 00:11:00,660
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSEATTLE GREW UP
ON THE SHORES OF A BAY,
199
00:11:00,693 --> 00:11:02,028
{\an7}WHERE NEWLY CUT TIMBER
200
00:11:02,061 --> 00:11:04,397
{\an7}COULD BE HAULED DOWN
FROM THE HILLS ABOVE
201
00:11:04,430 --> 00:11:06,198
{\an7}AND LOADED DIRECTLY ON SHIPS
202
00:11:06,232 --> 00:11:09,435
{\an7}\hTHAT CARRIED IT
TO SAN FRANCISCO.
203
00:11:09,469 --> 00:11:13,373
{\an7}SAN FRANCISCO ITSELF WENT FROM
\hBEING A SMALL SPANISH COLONY
204
00:11:13,406 --> 00:11:14,607
{\an7}TO A BOOMTOWN
205
00:11:14,641 --> 00:11:18,111
{\an7}DURING THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH,
STARTING IN 1848,
206
00:11:18,144 --> 00:11:20,546
{\an7}THANKS TO ITS LOCATION
ON A PROTECTED HARBOR,
207
00:11:20,580 --> 00:11:23,650
{\an7}WHERE HUNDREDS OF SHIPS ARRIVED
PACKED WITH HOPEFUL PROSPECTORS.
208
00:11:27,954 --> 00:11:31,591
{\an7}BUT NO CITY HAS BENEFITTED MORE
\hFROM ITS NAVIGABLE WATERWAYS
209
00:11:31,624 --> 00:11:34,093
{\an7}THAN NEW YORK.
210
00:11:34,127 --> 00:11:35,695
{\an7}IT‘S 5 A.M.,
211
00:11:35,728 --> 00:11:37,630
{\an7}AND THE RMS QUEEN MARY II
212
00:11:37,664 --> 00:11:40,000
{\an7}\hIS JUST ARRIVING
IN NEW YORK HARBOR
213
00:11:40,033 --> 00:11:43,136
{\an7}AFTER A TRANS-ATLANTIC CROSSING.
214
00:11:43,169 --> 00:11:47,440
{\an7}SHE‘S ON HER WAY TO PIER 12
\h\hIN RED HOOK, BROOKLYN.
215
00:11:47,473 --> 00:11:50,076
{\an7}BETWEEN THE 1890s AND THE 1950s
216
00:11:50,109 --> 00:11:52,912
{\an7}CLOSE TO 12 MILLION IMMIGRANTS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARRIVED BY SHIP
217
00:11:52,946 --> 00:11:55,115
{\an7}IN THESE VERY SAME WATERS.
218
00:11:55,148 --> 00:11:57,784
{\an7}THEY EAGERLY AWAITED THE SIGHT
\h\h\hOF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY
219
00:11:57,817 --> 00:12:01,120
{\an7}TO KNOW THAT THEY HAD FINALLY
\h\h\h\h\hARRIVED IN AMERICA.
220
00:12:01,154 --> 00:12:04,691
{\an7}ONCE, THESE DOCKS WERE THE HEART
OF NEW YORK CITY‘S ECONOMY
221
00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:07,060
{\an7}AND PACKED DAY AND NIGHT
\h\h\h\hWITH LONGSHOREMEN
222
00:12:07,093 --> 00:12:08,861
{\an7}WHO RACED TO UNLOAD
ARRIVING FREIGHTERS,
223
00:12:08,895 --> 00:12:10,797
{\an7}OFTEN BY HAND.
224
00:12:10,830 --> 00:12:13,399
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS HERE WHERE
THE LEGENDARY GANGSTER AL CAPONE
225
00:12:13,433 --> 00:12:15,902
{\an7}\h\h\hGOT HIS START
AS A PETTY CRIMINAL
226
00:12:15,935 --> 00:12:18,805
{\an7}\h\hBEFORE GOING ON TO BE
A CRIME BOSS IN CHICAGO.
227
00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:23,043
{\an7}\hBUT BROOKLYN STARTED
TO LOSE ITS PREEMINENCE
228
00:12:23,076 --> 00:12:25,145
{\an7}AS THE WORLD‘S LARGEST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCARGO HUB
229
00:12:25,178 --> 00:12:26,913
{\an7}STARTING IN THE LATE 1950s,
230
00:12:26,946 --> 00:12:29,482
{\an7}THANKS TO ONE MAN‘S INVENTION,
231
00:12:29,515 --> 00:12:33,786
{\an7}JUST ACROSS NEW YORK HARBOR
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW JERSEY.
232
00:12:33,820 --> 00:12:37,057
{\an7}ONE DAY IN 1955, MALCOLM McLEAN,
233
00:12:37,090 --> 00:12:39,659
{\an7}THE OWNER OF AN EAST COAST
\h\h\h\h\hTRUCKING COMPANY,
234
00:12:39,692 --> 00:12:41,561
{\an7}HAD A BRILLIANT IDEA.
235
00:12:41,594 --> 00:12:43,329
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME,
MOST FREIGHTER CARGO
236
00:12:43,363 --> 00:12:46,533
{\an7}WAS LOADED PIECE BY PIECE
\h\h\hINTO SHIPS‘ HULLS.
237
00:12:46,566 --> 00:12:49,369
{\an7}\hMcLEAN IMAGINED HOW FAST
AND LUCRATIVE IT WOULD BE
238
00:12:49,402 --> 00:12:52,305
{\an7}IF HE COULD DROP THE ENTIRE
\hTRAILERS FROM HIS TRUCKS
239
00:12:52,338 --> 00:12:54,674
{\an7}DIRECTLY ONTO SHIPS, BY CRANE,
240
00:12:54,707 --> 00:12:57,009
{\an7}WITH THE CARGO STILL INSIDE.
241
00:12:57,043 --> 00:13:01,447
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS INVENTION WAS
THE STEEL SHIPPING CONTAINER.
242
00:13:01,481 --> 00:13:05,919
{\an7}\hIN 1956, McLEAN BOUGHT AND
RETROFITTED AN OLD FREIGHTER
243
00:13:05,952 --> 00:13:08,421
{\an7}AND THEN LAUNCHED THE WORLD‘S
\h\h\h\hFIRST CONTAINER SHIP
244
00:13:08,454 --> 00:13:10,323
{\an7}FROM THIS NEW JERSEY DOCK,
245
00:13:10,356 --> 00:13:13,025
{\an7}FOR ITS MAIDEN VOYAGE
\h\h\h\h\hTO HOUSTON.
246
00:13:13,059 --> 00:13:16,062
{\an7}IT WASN‘T LONG BEFORE CARGO
WAS CRISSCROSSING THE WORLD
247
00:13:16,095 --> 00:13:17,964
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN THESE NOW
VERY FAMILIAR-LOOKING
248
00:13:17,997 --> 00:13:20,967
{\an7}STANDARDIZED STEEL BOXES.
249
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,969
{\an7}AS MORE AND MORE FACILITIES
250
00:13:23,002 --> 00:13:25,004
{\an7}FOR INCREASINGLY LARGER
\h\h\h\hCONTAINER SHIPS
251
00:13:25,038 --> 00:13:26,840
{\an7}WERE CONSTRUCTED IN NEW JERSEY,
252
00:13:26,873 --> 00:13:30,343
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNEW YORK CITY‘S
ONCE LIVELY DOCKS BECAME QUIET.
253
00:13:33,346 --> 00:13:38,484
{\an7}130 MILLION CONTAINERS ARE NOW
\h\hSHIPPED BY SEA EVERY YEAR,
254
00:13:38,518 --> 00:13:42,322
{\an7}AND MORE THAN 51 MILLION OF THEM
PASS THROUGH U.S. PORTS.
255
00:13:44,991 --> 00:13:48,561
{\an7}AND TODAY, PORTS IN CITIES
\h\h\h\hACROSS THE COUNTRY
256
00:13:48,594 --> 00:13:50,930
{\an7}\h\h\hARE ON THE VERGE
OF ANOTHER REVOLUTION.
257
00:13:50,963 --> 00:13:52,498
{\an7}IT‘S BEING TESTED HERE,
258
00:13:52,532 --> 00:13:54,968
{\an7}IN LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA.
259
00:13:55,001 --> 00:13:58,304
{\an7}THIS IS AMERICA‘S SECOND BUSIEST
CONTAINER SEAPORT.
260
00:13:58,338 --> 00:13:59,372
{\an7}IT LIES INSIDE
261
00:13:59,405 --> 00:14:01,474
{\an7}THE MOST POPULATED COUNTY
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NATION,
262
00:14:01,507 --> 00:14:03,109
{\an7}LOS ANGELES.
263
00:14:03,142 --> 00:14:05,277
{\an7}CLOSE TO EIGHT MILLION
\h\hSHIPPING CONTAINERS
264
00:14:05,311 --> 00:14:08,481
{\an7}\h\hPASS THROUGH THE PORT
OF LONG BEACH EVERY YEAR.
265
00:14:08,514 --> 00:14:09,749
{\an7}BUT AT ONE DOCK HERE,
266
00:14:09,782 --> 00:14:13,419
{\an7}\hTHERE ARE ALMOST
NO HUMANS IN SIGHT.
267
00:14:13,453 --> 00:14:14,921
{\an7}COMPUTERS TRACK AND ORGANIZE
268
00:14:14,954 --> 00:14:16,923
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVERY ONE OF
THESE SHIPPING CONTAINERS,
269
00:14:16,956 --> 00:14:18,357
{\an7}\hFROM THE MOMENT
IT GETS OFFLOADED
270
00:14:18,391 --> 00:14:20,493
{\an7}FROM A TRUCK OR TRAIN.
271
00:14:20,526 --> 00:14:23,729
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hROBOTIC LIFTERS
PLUCK EACH ONE FROM THE STACK
272
00:14:23,763 --> 00:14:25,765
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND PLACE IT
ON A DRIVERLESS SHUTTLE
273
00:14:25,798 --> 00:14:27,967
{\an7}\h\hTHAT DELIVERS IT
DIRECTLY TO THE SHIP,
274
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:31,003
{\an7}\h\hEXACTLY AT THE TIME
IT NEEDS TO BE LOADED.
275
00:14:31,037 --> 00:14:34,173
{\an7}THE ONLY LONGSHOREMAN HERE
ARE THE ONES IN THE CRANES
276
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:37,577
{\an7}WHO ACTUALLY LIFT THE CONTAINER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONTO THE SHIP.
277
00:14:37,610 --> 00:14:41,481
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT SOON THAT JOB
WILL ALSO BE DONE BY A ROBOT.
278
00:14:41,514 --> 00:14:42,815
{\an7}AUTOMATED PORTS
279
00:14:42,849 --> 00:14:45,452
{\an7}\h\h\hWILL SOON FORCE THOUSANDS
OF DOCKWORKERS ACROSS THE U.S.
280
00:14:45,485 --> 00:14:47,420
{\an7}TO FIND NEW JOBS
281
00:14:47,453 --> 00:14:50,756
{\an7}AND REVOLUTIONIZE HOW CARGO
\h\hMOVES AROUND THE WORLD.
282
00:14:55,528 --> 00:14:57,864
{\an7}BUT THERE‘S STILL ONE STEP
283
00:14:57,897 --> 00:15:01,868
{\an7}\hTHAT WILL ALWAYS REQUIRE
A PERSON AT THE CONTROLS--
284
00:15:01,901 --> 00:15:03,770
{\an7}GUIDING THESE COLOSSAL SHIPS
285
00:15:03,803 --> 00:15:06,472
{\an7}SAFELY FROM THE OCEAN
\h\h\hUP TO THE DOCK.
286
00:15:08,274 --> 00:15:13,746
{\an7}\hIN MIAMI, IT‘S DONE
BY LOCAL SHIP PILOTS.
287
00:15:13,780 --> 00:15:15,682
{\an7}TODAY, PILOT JON NITKIN
288
00:15:15,715 --> 00:15:19,085
{\an7}IS ON HIS WAY OUT TO MEET
THE COLOSSAL MAERSK SANA.
289
00:15:21,687 --> 00:15:24,223
{\an7}STRETCHING ALMOST
\h1,100 FEET LONG,
290
00:15:24,257 --> 00:15:29,462
{\an7}THIS MEGA-SHIP CAN CARRY UP TO
\h\h\h7,500 20-FOOT CONTAINERS.
291
00:15:29,495 --> 00:15:31,230
{\an7}EACH CONTAINER
292
00:15:31,264 --> 00:15:34,434
{\an7}CAN HOLD HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS
\h\h\h\h\hOF DOLLARS OF CARGO.
293
00:15:34,467 --> 00:15:37,470
{\an7}WHEN A SIMILAR-SIZED SHIP,
\h\hCALLED THE MOL COMFORT,
294
00:15:37,503 --> 00:15:41,374
{\an7}BROKE IN HALF AND SANK IN 2013
\h\h\hIN THE WATERS OFF YEMEN,
295
00:15:41,407 --> 00:15:44,644
{\an7}\h\hTHE LOSSES RAN
OVER $400 MILLION.
296
00:15:50,917 --> 00:15:54,521
{\an7}IT‘S WHY JON HAS TO GUIDE
\hTHIS SHIP VERY CAREFULLY
297
00:15:54,554 --> 00:15:56,156
{\an7}INTO PORT.
298
00:16:02,562 --> 00:16:03,930
{\an7}MIAMI‘S SHIPPING LANE
299
00:16:03,963 --> 00:16:07,133
{\an7}\hDOESN‘T MAKE IT EASY
FOR VESSELS THIS BIG.
300
00:16:07,166 --> 00:16:09,168
{\an7}COMPARED TO OTHER MAJOR PORTS,
301
00:16:09,202 --> 00:16:10,937
{\an7}IT‘S EXTREMELY NARROW.
302
00:16:10,970 --> 00:16:14,540
{\an7}ONE MISTAKE, AND THIS SHIP
COULD QUICKLY RUN AGROUND
303
00:16:14,574 --> 00:16:17,277
{\an7}AND SHUT DOWN ALL CARGO
AND CRUISE SHIP TRAFFIC
304
00:16:17,310 --> 00:16:21,181
{\an7}\h\hINTO AND OUT OF
THE PORT OF MIAMI.
305
00:16:21,214 --> 00:16:23,817
{\an7}BUT JON HAS BEEN PILOTING SHIPS
\h\h\h\h\hTHROUGH THIS CHANNEL
306
00:16:23,850 --> 00:16:26,119
{\an7}FOR MORE THAN 20 YEARS.
307
00:16:31,090 --> 00:16:33,759
{\an7}\hHE LANDS THE SANA
GENTLY AT ITS DOCK,
308
00:16:33,793 --> 00:16:35,695
{\an7}SAFE AND SOUND.
309
00:16:38,197 --> 00:16:40,700
{\an7}\h\h\h\hRECENT INNOVATIONS
LIKE THE SHIPPING CONTAINER
310
00:16:40,733 --> 00:16:43,402
{\an7}AND CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY
\h\h\h\h\h\hAT MAJOR PORTS
311
00:16:43,436 --> 00:16:44,504
{\an7}HAVE TURNED CITIES
312
00:16:44,537 --> 00:16:46,973
{\an7}\h\h\hINTO ENORMOUS HUBS
FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
313
00:16:50,877 --> 00:16:52,979
{\an7}BUT FROM THE DAYS
THEY WERE FOUNDED,
314
00:16:53,012 --> 00:16:56,249
{\an7}\h\hAMERICA‘S CITIES HAVE
ALWAYS BEEN LABORATORIES
315
00:16:56,282 --> 00:17:00,019
{\an7}FOR THE TESTING OF BIG IDEAS.
316
00:17:00,052 --> 00:17:04,523
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBY THE 1890s,
BOSTON HAD A PROBLEM.
317
00:17:04,557 --> 00:17:06,793
{\an7}ITS POPULATION WAS BOOMING,
318
00:17:06,826 --> 00:17:08,795
{\an7}BUT ITS NARROW COLONIAL STREETS
319
00:17:08,828 --> 00:17:12,365
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE CLOGGED WITH
HORSE-DRAWN CARTS AND TROLLEYS.
320
00:17:12,398 --> 00:17:14,867
{\an7}THAT‘S WHAT LED THE CITY
\hTO CARVE OUT AND BUILD
321
00:17:14,901 --> 00:17:17,771
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE FIRST WORKING
SUBWAY SYSTEM IN AMERICA,
322
00:17:17,803 --> 00:17:20,339
{\an7}WHICH IT COMPLETED IN 1897.
323
00:17:22,341 --> 00:17:24,310
{\an7}AND BOSTON WASN‘T THE ONLY CITY
324
00:17:24,343 --> 00:17:27,880
{\an7}RESCUED BY A MAJOR WORK
\h\h\h\hOF ENGINEERING.
325
00:17:27,914 --> 00:17:30,450
{\an7}\h\hONE OF THE BIGGEST
AND STRANGEST PROJECTS
326
00:17:30,483 --> 00:17:32,952
{\an7}TOOK PLACE HERE IN CHICAGO.
327
00:17:37,189 --> 00:17:38,857
{\an7}IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY,
328
00:17:38,891 --> 00:17:40,926
{\an7}THE WATER OF THE CHICAGO RIVER
329
00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:43,563
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS FULL OF WASTE
AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
330
00:17:43,596 --> 00:17:45,631
{\an7}\h\hTHAT FLOWED OUT
INTO LAKE MICHIGAN
331
00:17:45,665 --> 00:17:49,669
{\an7}AND THEN POLLUTED THE CITY‘S
\h\h\h\h\hFRESH WATER SUPPLY.
332
00:17:49,702 --> 00:17:52,805
{\an7}CHICAGO RESIDENTS OFTEN SUFFERED
FROM OUTBREAKS OF CHOLERA
333
00:17:52,838 --> 00:17:55,374
{\an7}AND OTHER DISEASES.
334
00:17:55,408 --> 00:17:59,479
{\an7}\h\hTHE FIX THAT ENGINEERS
CAME UP WITH WAS A BIG ONE.
335
00:17:59,512 --> 00:18:01,814
{\an7}TO PROVIDE CLEAN DRINKING WATER,
336
00:18:01,847 --> 00:18:05,851
{\an7}THEY PROPOSED REVERSING THE FLOW
OF THE CHICAGO RIVER
337
00:18:05,885 --> 00:18:07,653
{\an7}AS IT PASSED THROUGH THE CITY.
338
00:18:12,425 --> 00:18:16,029
{\an7}TO DO IT, THEY BUILT
\h\h\hA 28-MILE CANAL
339
00:18:16,062 --> 00:18:18,731
{\an7}WHICH WOULD DRAW CLEAN WATER
\h\h\h\h\h\hOUT OF THE LAKE,
340
00:18:18,764 --> 00:18:21,033
{\an7}SEND IT THROUGH THE CITY,
341
00:18:21,067 --> 00:18:23,469
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THEN SOUTH,
TOWARD THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
342
00:18:23,502 --> 00:18:25,604
{\an7}THAT WAY THE POLLUTED WATER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE RIVER
343
00:18:25,638 --> 00:18:28,074
{\an7}WOULDN‘T ENTER LAKE MICHIGAN.
344
00:18:28,107 --> 00:18:29,342
{\an7}IT WAS ONE OF THE LARGEST
345
00:18:29,375 --> 00:18:31,077
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hENGINEERING
AND EXCAVATION PROJECTS
346
00:18:31,110 --> 00:18:32,812
{\an7}IN THE NATION‘S HISTORY
347
00:18:32,845 --> 00:18:36,582
{\an7}AND TOOK EIGHT YEARS
\h\h\h\hTO COMPLETE.
348
00:18:36,616 --> 00:18:39,752
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE CHICAGO RIVER
STILL FLOWS IN REVERSE
349
00:18:39,785 --> 00:18:42,755
{\an7}THROUGH DOWNTOWN CHICAGO TODAY.
350
00:18:48,461 --> 00:18:50,063
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE CHALLENGE
OF FINDING SOLUTIONS
351
00:18:50,096 --> 00:18:52,732
{\an7}TO THE GROWING NEEDS
OF AMERICA‘S CITIES
352
00:18:52,765 --> 00:18:54,267
{\an7}ALSO LED TO THE CREATION
353
00:18:54,300 --> 00:18:57,069
{\an7}\hOF MANY OUR NATION‘S
MOST BELOVED LANDMARKS.
354
00:18:59,405 --> 00:19:01,340
{\an7}BY THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY,
355
00:19:01,374 --> 00:19:04,644
{\an7}FERRIES STILL CARRIED PEOPLE
\h\h\h\hBETWEEN SAN FRANCISCO
356
00:19:04,677 --> 00:19:07,647
{\an7}AND TOWNS AND CITIES
\h\h\h\hTO THE NORTH.
357
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:09,682
{\an7}SPANNING THE OPENING
TO SAN FRANCISCO BAY
358
00:19:09,715 --> 00:19:10,883
{\an7}WITH A BRIDGE
359
00:19:10,916 --> 00:19:12,017
{\an7}SEEMED TO MANY
360
00:19:12,051 --> 00:19:15,021
{\an7}\h\hLIKE AN IMPOSSIBLE
ENGINEERING CHALLENGE.
361
00:19:15,054 --> 00:19:17,723
{\an7}\hCRITICS WERE FEARFUL
IT WOULD HURT BUSINESS,
362
00:19:17,757 --> 00:19:21,060
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSINCE THIS WATERWAY
WAS ALSO A SHIPPING CHANNEL.
363
00:19:21,093 --> 00:19:25,798
{\an7}AND SOME WERE WORRIED IT MIGHT
COLLAPSE DURING A MAJOR QUAKE.
364
00:19:25,831 --> 00:19:29,735
{\an7}WHEN THE GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
WAS COMPLETED IN APRIL 1937,
365
00:19:29,769 --> 00:19:32,705
{\an7}\h\h\h\hITS MAIN SPAN
STRETCHED 4,200 FEET,
366
00:19:32,738 --> 00:19:36,842
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMAKING IT THE LONGEST
SUSPENSION BRIDGE IN THE WORLD.
367
00:19:36,876 --> 00:19:39,779
{\an7}IT HELD THAT TITLE UNTIL 1964
368
00:19:39,812 --> 00:19:42,615
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN NEW YORK CITY BUILT
AN EVEN LONGER SUSPENSION BRIDGE
369
00:19:42,648 --> 00:19:44,783
{\an7}CALLED THE VERRAZANO NARROWS,
370
00:19:44,817 --> 00:19:46,886
{\an7}\hBETWEEN BROOKLYN
AND STATEN ISLAND.
371
00:19:49,555 --> 00:19:52,491
{\an7}ALMOST EVERY MAJOR CITY
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN AMERICA
372
00:19:52,525 --> 00:19:54,460
{\an7}HAS ITS OWN STORY
373
00:19:54,493 --> 00:19:59,331
{\an7}\h\hOF AN ENGINEERING MARVEL
THAT WAS KEY TO ITS SURVIVAL.
374
00:19:59,365 --> 00:20:00,766
{\an7}LOS ANGELES
375
00:20:00,800 --> 00:20:03,736
{\an7}MAY NEVER HAVE BECOME THE MOST
\h\hPOPULATED COUNTY IN AMERICA
376
00:20:03,769 --> 00:20:06,538
{\an7}IF IT HADN‘T BOUGHT UP
VAST STRETCHES OF LAND
377
00:20:06,572 --> 00:20:09,141
{\an7}IN A WATER-FILLED VALLEY
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE NORTH
378
00:20:09,175 --> 00:20:12,679
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THEN BUILT
A 338-MILE-LONG AQUEDUCT
379
00:20:12,712 --> 00:20:15,014
{\an7}TO GET THAT WATER DOWN TO L.A.
380
00:20:17,416 --> 00:20:19,184
{\an7}PHOENIX RELIES
381
00:20:19,218 --> 00:20:21,721
{\an7}ON ITS OWN COMPLEX SYSTEM
\h\h\hOF CANALS AND PIPES
382
00:20:21,754 --> 00:20:24,957
{\an7}TO GET THE WATER IT NEEDS
\hFROM THE COLORADO RIVER.
383
00:20:26,726 --> 00:20:28,895
{\an7}AND NEW ORLEANS‘ SURVIVAL
384
00:20:28,928 --> 00:20:31,831
{\an7}DEPENDS ON A SERIES
OF GIANT FLOOD GATES
385
00:20:31,864 --> 00:20:33,899
{\an7}TO KEEP OUT HURRICANE SURGE.
386
00:20:36,469 --> 00:20:40,773
{\an7}SOME CITIES HAVE HAD
TO CREATE NEW LAND.
387
00:20:40,806 --> 00:20:43,876
{\an7}\h\h\hWHEN THE PURITANS
FOUNDED BOSTON IN 1630,
388
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,612
{\an7}ITS FOOTPRINT WAS TINY.
389
00:20:46,645 --> 00:20:48,914
{\an7}BUT STARTING IN THE 1800s,
390
00:20:48,948 --> 00:20:52,318
{\an7}THE CITY EMBARKED ON ENORMOUS
\h\h\hLAND-BUILDING PROJECTS,
391
00:20:52,351 --> 00:20:54,420
{\an7}CHOPPED OFF ITS ORIGINAL HILLS,
392
00:20:54,453 --> 00:20:57,556
{\an7}AND USED THAT EARTH TO EXPAND
\h\h\h\h\hBOSTON‘S BOUNDARIES
393
00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:00,526
{\an7}INTO WHAT THEY ARE TODAY.
394
00:21:00,559 --> 00:21:03,095
{\an7}\h\hEVEN BOSTON LOGAN
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
395
00:21:03,129 --> 00:21:05,665
{\an7}IS BUILT ALMOST ENTIRELY
\h\h\h\h\h\hON LANDFILL.
396
00:21:11,036 --> 00:21:14,373
{\an7}BUT AS ENGINEERS FIGURED OUT
\h\h\hHOW TO MOVE AND SECURE
397
00:21:14,406 --> 00:21:16,408
{\an7}\hCOLOSSAL AMOUNTS
OF EARTH AND RUBBLE
398
00:21:16,442 --> 00:21:18,911
{\an7}TO EXPAND THEIR CITIES OUTWARD,
399
00:21:18,944 --> 00:21:21,980
{\an7}OTHERS WERE BUSY DESIGNING
\h\hNEW KINDS OF STRUCTURES
400
00:21:22,014 --> 00:21:26,719
{\an7}THAT WOULD ALLOW CITIES TO GROW
\h\h\hVERTICALLY INTO THE SKY.
401
00:21:26,752 --> 00:21:29,154
{\an7}SOME OF THOSE EARLY
ENGINEERING MARVELS
402
00:21:29,188 --> 00:21:31,624
{\an7}HAVE ALMOST BEEN
FORGOTTEN TODAY.
403
00:21:31,657 --> 00:21:35,561
{\an7}ONE OF THEM CAN BE FOUND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SEATTLE.
404
00:21:35,594 --> 00:21:37,496
{\an7}AFTER LYMAN CORNELIUS SMITH
405
00:21:37,530 --> 00:21:40,533
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHAD MADE A FORTUNE
SELLING GUNS AND TYPEWRITERS,
406
00:21:40,566 --> 00:21:42,635
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHE COMMISSIONED
A NEW OFFICE TOWER HERE,
407
00:21:42,668 --> 00:21:45,905
{\an7}OVER PIONEER SQUARE, IN 1909.
408
00:21:45,938 --> 00:21:49,575
{\an7}FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY,
\h\hHIS 38-STORY SMITH TOWER
409
00:21:49,608 --> 00:21:52,711
{\an7}WAS THE TALLEST BUILDING
\h\h\hON THE WEST COAST.
410
00:21:52,745 --> 00:21:54,981
{\an7}\h\hITS DISTINCTIVE
PYRAMID-SHAPED ROOF
411
00:21:55,014 --> 00:21:57,583
{\an7}WAS A LANDMARK FOR THOSE
\h\h\hARRIVING IN SEATTLE
412
00:21:57,616 --> 00:22:01,653
{\an7}BY BOTH LAND AND SEA.
413
00:22:01,687 --> 00:22:04,723
{\an7}BUT TODAY, FEW PEOPLE
\hPICTURE SMITH TOWER
414
00:22:04,757 --> 00:22:06,993
{\an7}WHEN THEY THINK OF SEATTLE.
415
00:22:07,026 --> 00:22:09,061
{\an7}MOST THINK OF THE SPACE NEEDLE,
416
00:22:09,094 --> 00:22:12,197
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH WAS BUILT
FOR THE 1962 WORLD‘S FAIR.
417
00:22:12,231 --> 00:22:14,033
{\an7}IT WAS CAREFULLY ENGINEERED
418
00:22:14,066 --> 00:22:16,535
{\an7}TO STEAL THE LIMELIGHT
\h\h\hFROM SMITH TOWER,
419
00:22:16,569 --> 00:22:20,540
{\an7}AS THE TALLEST BUILDING
WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
420
00:22:20,573 --> 00:22:23,443
{\an7}\h\hBUT THERE HAS NEVER BEEN
A SKYSCRAPER RACE IN AMERICA
421
00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:25,677
{\an7}LIKE THE ONE THAT HAPPENED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW YORK
422
00:22:25,711 --> 00:22:28,781
{\an7}AND CHANGED THE SKYLINE
\hOF MANHATTAN FOREVER.
423
00:22:30,683 --> 00:22:33,619
{\an7}♪
424
00:22:33,652 --> 00:22:35,521
{\an7}IN THE LATE 1920s,
425
00:22:35,554 --> 00:22:37,756
{\an7}\h\h\hTWO ARCHITECTS
RECEIVED COMMISSIONS
426
00:22:37,790 --> 00:22:41,694
{\an7}TO DESIGN NEW SKYSCRAPERS
\h\h\h\hIN NEW YORK CITY.
427
00:22:41,727 --> 00:22:43,929
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE TWO MEN
HAD ONCE BEEN PARTNERS.
428
00:22:43,963 --> 00:22:46,299
{\an7}BUT NOW THEY WERE ARCHRIVALS,
429
00:22:46,332 --> 00:22:51,037
{\an7}\hAND EACH WANTED HIS BUILDING
TO BE THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD.
430
00:22:51,070 --> 00:22:54,440
{\an7}40 WALL STREET, WITH ITS
DISTINCTIVE COPPER DOME,
431
00:22:54,473 --> 00:22:57,343
{\an7}WAS COMPLETED IN 1930.
432
00:22:57,376 --> 00:22:59,778
{\an7}\h\hITS ARCHITECT,
H. CRAIG SEVERANCE,
433
00:22:59,812 --> 00:23:02,481
{\an7}WAS CONFIDENT THAT HIS BUILDING
\h\h\h\h\hWOULD HOLD THE TITLE
434
00:23:02,514 --> 00:23:04,783
{\an7}AS THE WORLD‘S TALLEST.
435
00:23:04,817 --> 00:23:05,785
{\an7}AND IT DID,
436
00:23:05,818 --> 00:23:08,054
{\an7}BUT ONLY FOR A FEW WEEKS.
437
00:23:11,223 --> 00:23:12,658
{\an7}AT THE TIME,
438
00:23:12,691 --> 00:23:16,061
{\an7}SEVERANCE‘S FORMER PARTNER,
ARCHITECT WILLIAM VAN ALEN,
439
00:23:16,095 --> 00:23:17,563
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWAS PUTTING
THE FINISHING TOUCHES
440
00:23:17,596 --> 00:23:19,465
{\an7}ON THE CHRYSLER BUILDING,
441
00:23:19,498 --> 00:23:24,036
{\an7}HERE AT THE CORNER OF LEXINGTON
\h\h\h\hAVENUE AND 42nd STREET.
442
00:23:24,069 --> 00:23:26,705
{\an7}WITH STAINLESS-STEEL CLADDING
\h\h\h\h\hCOVERING ITS CROWN
443
00:23:26,739 --> 00:23:29,041
{\an7}AND STREAMLINED ART-DECO MOTIFS,
444
00:23:29,074 --> 00:23:32,411
{\an7}\hIT WAS DESIGNED TO CELEBRATE
THE GREAT AGE OF THE AUTOMOBILE
445
00:23:32,444 --> 00:23:35,881
{\an7}AND THE METEORIC RISE
\h\h\h\hOF CHRYSLER.
446
00:23:35,915 --> 00:23:37,216
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO MAKE SURE
THE CHRYSLER BUILDING
447
00:23:37,249 --> 00:23:39,184
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD BE
THE TALLEST IN THE WORLD,
448
00:23:39,218 --> 00:23:42,822
{\an7}VAN ALEN DEVELOPED
\h\hA SECRET PLAN.
449
00:23:42,855 --> 00:23:45,124
{\an7}INSIDE THE UPPER FLOORS
\h\h\hOF THE BUILDING,
450
00:23:45,157 --> 00:23:49,395
{\an7}\h\hHE QUIETLY CONSTRUCTED
A 185-FOOT-HIGH STEEL SPIRE
451
00:23:49,428 --> 00:23:51,196
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT WOULD MAKE
THE CHRYSLER BUILDING
452
00:23:51,230 --> 00:23:54,200
{\an7}TALLER THAN 40 WALL STREET.
453
00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:57,203
{\an7}ON OCTOBER 23, 1929,
454
00:23:57,236 --> 00:23:59,338
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA SMALL TEAM
OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
455
00:23:59,371 --> 00:24:01,740
{\an7}\hSLOWLY RAISED IT
OUT OF THE BUILDING
456
00:24:01,774 --> 00:24:03,809
{\an7}FOR THE WORLD TO SEE.
457
00:24:03,842 --> 00:24:05,544
{\an7}THEY BOLTED IT INTO PLACE
458
00:24:05,577 --> 00:24:07,479
{\an7}\h\h\hAND CAPPED OUT
THE CHRYSLER BUILDING
459
00:24:07,513 --> 00:24:10,116
{\an7}AT 1,046 FEET--
460
00:24:10,149 --> 00:24:13,419
{\an7}\h\h\h120 FEET HIGHER
THAN 40 WALL STREET.
461
00:24:18,090 --> 00:24:19,725
{\an7}VAN ALEN HAD SUCCEEDED
462
00:24:19,758 --> 00:24:23,362
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN STEALING
HIS FORMER PARTNER‘S PRIZE.
463
00:24:23,395 --> 00:24:24,696
{\an7}BUT THE VERY NEXT YEAR,
464
00:24:24,730 --> 00:24:27,566
{\an7}HE FOUND HIMSELF
IN SECOND PLACE.
465
00:24:29,001 --> 00:24:30,669
{\an7}WHEN THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
466
00:24:30,703 --> 00:24:33,706
{\an7}\hWAS COMPLETED
ON MAY 1, 1931,
467
00:24:33,739 --> 00:24:35,507
{\an7}IT SOARED EVEN HIGHER,
468
00:24:35,541 --> 00:24:38,577
{\an7}RISING 1,250 FEET.
469
00:24:40,079 --> 00:24:43,349
{\an7}IT REMAINED THE TALLEST BUILDING
IN THE WORLD FOR FOUR DECADES,
470
00:24:43,382 --> 00:24:45,551
{\an7}UNTIL 1971,
471
00:24:45,584 --> 00:24:48,420
{\an7}\h\hWHEN THE TWIN TOWERS
OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER
472
00:24:48,454 --> 00:24:51,223
{\an7}WERE FINALLY COMPLETED
\h\hIN LOWER MANHATTAN.
473
00:24:52,891 --> 00:24:55,026
{\an7}NOW, AFTER 9/11,
474
00:24:55,060 --> 00:24:56,728
{\an7}ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER
475
00:24:56,762 --> 00:24:59,732
{\an7}\h\h\hSTANDS ON THE SITE
OF THE FORMER TWIN TOWERS
476
00:24:59,765 --> 00:25:01,333
{\an7}AND HOLDS THE PRIZE
477
00:25:01,367 --> 00:25:04,971
{\an7}\h\hAS THE TALLEST BUILDING
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
478
00:25:10,509 --> 00:25:14,947
{\an7}\h\hBUT THAT HASN‘T PUT AN END TO
NEW YORK CITY‘S SKYSCRAPER RACE.
479
00:25:14,980 --> 00:25:17,282
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTODAY, DEVELOPERS
ARE COMPETING TO ENGINEER
480
00:25:17,316 --> 00:25:20,419
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSOME OF THE WORLD‘S
HIGHEST RESIDENTIAL TOWERS
481
00:25:20,452 --> 00:25:22,854
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WILL APPEAL TO
THE WEALTHIEST BUYERS ON EARTH.
482
00:25:25,491 --> 00:25:27,426
{\an7}THIS WAS THE FIRST OF NEW YORK‘S
483
00:25:27,459 --> 00:25:31,029
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNEW STILETTO-THIN
RESIDENTIAL SKYSCRAPERS.
484
00:25:31,063 --> 00:25:33,465
{\an7}IT‘S CALLED 432 PARK AVENUE
485
00:25:33,499 --> 00:25:37,570
{\an7}AND LIES ON WHAT‘S NOW REFERRED
\h\h\hTO AS BILLIONAIRE‘S ROW.
486
00:25:37,603 --> 00:25:38,904
{\an7}SOME OF THESE APARTMENTS
487
00:25:38,937 --> 00:25:42,874
{\an7}HAVE SOLD FOR MORE
THAN $30 MILLION.
488
00:25:42,908 --> 00:25:44,977
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE SURE
BUYERS WON‘T GET WOOZY
489
00:25:45,010 --> 00:25:48,547
{\an7}WHEN 432 PARK AVENUE
\hSWAYS IN THE WIND,
490
00:25:48,580 --> 00:25:52,717
{\an7}ENGINEERS HAVE ARMED IT WITH
\hHIGH-TECH SHOCK ABSORBERS.
491
00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:55,787
{\an7}THREE OF THE UPPER FLOORS
DON‘T HAVE ANY APARTMENTS.
492
00:25:55,821 --> 00:25:58,691
{\an7}WHEN YOU GLIDE BY THEIR WINDOWS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PEER INSIDE,
493
00:25:58,724 --> 00:26:00,326
{\an7}YOU CAN SEE THE LONG TUBES
494
00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:03,329
{\an7}\hOF WHAT ARE CALLED
TUNED MASS DAMPERS.
495
00:26:03,362 --> 00:26:05,331
{\an7}THEY WEIGH 1,300 TONS
496
00:26:05,364 --> 00:26:07,733
{\an7}AND ARE USED TO COUNTERACT
\h\h\hTHE FORCE OF THE WIND
497
00:26:07,766 --> 00:26:11,803
{\an7}\hAND KEEP THE TOWER STEADY
WHEN IT BLOWS HARD OUTSIDE.
498
00:26:11,837 --> 00:26:14,073
{\an7}HIGH-END LUXURY TOWERS
\h\h\h\h\hLIKE THIS ONE
499
00:26:14,106 --> 00:26:16,442
{\an7}HAVE TAKEN THE LIFESTYLES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE 1%
500
00:26:16,475 --> 00:26:18,644
{\an7}TO NEW HEIGHTS IN NEW YORK CITY.
501
00:26:20,579 --> 00:26:23,482
{\an7}♪
502
00:26:23,515 --> 00:26:27,252
{\an7}EVERY CITY‘S UNIQUE HISTORY,
STYLE, AND EVEN PERSONALITY
503
00:26:27,286 --> 00:26:31,423
{\an7}\h\h\hARE OFTEN REFLECTED
IN ITS TALLEST BUILDINGS.
504
00:26:31,457 --> 00:26:33,159
{\an7}WHEN A DEVELOPER NAMED RAY HUNT
505
00:26:33,192 --> 00:26:37,329
{\an7}\h\h\hBUILT A NEW HOTEL
HERE IN DALLAS IN 1978,
506
00:26:37,362 --> 00:26:39,331
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHE DECIDED TO PUT
ITS REVOLVING RESTAURANT
507
00:26:39,364 --> 00:26:41,366
{\an7}ON TOP OF A SEPARATE TOWER,
508
00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:43,836
{\an7}INSTEAD OF ON THE ROOF
\hOF THE HOTEL ITSELF.
509
00:26:46,572 --> 00:26:48,874
{\an7}HE NAMED IT REUNION TOWER
510
00:26:48,907 --> 00:26:51,410
{\an7}TO HONOR SOME OF DALLAS‘S
\h\h\h\hEARLIEST SETTLERS
511
00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:55,314
{\an7}WHO LIVED IN A COMMUNITY
\h\h\hCALLED LA REUNION.
512
00:26:55,347 --> 00:27:00,252
{\an7}\h\hTODAY, NO STRUCTURE SAYS
DALLAS, TEXAS LIKE THIS ONE.
513
00:27:00,285 --> 00:27:04,156
{\an7}\hTHE NEW YORK TIMES HAS CLAIMED
THAT IT‘S AS MUCH A DALLAS ICON
514
00:27:04,189 --> 00:27:06,892
{\an7}AS THE GATEWAY ARCH IS
\h\h\h\hFOR ST. LOUIS.
515
00:27:11,763 --> 00:27:14,165
{\an7}\hBUT NOT EVERY CITY
HAS WANTED A SKYLINE
516
00:27:14,199 --> 00:27:16,902
{\an7}FILLED WITH SKYSCRAPERS.
517
00:27:16,935 --> 00:27:20,005
{\an7}IT WASN‘T SO LONG AGO THAT
RESIDENTS IN SAN FRANCISCO
518
00:27:20,038 --> 00:27:24,276
{\an7}FOUGHT HARD TO TRY TO KEEP THEIR
BELOVED CITY SKYSCRAPER-FREE.
519
00:27:28,113 --> 00:27:29,581
{\an7}FOR MANY WHO GREW UP HERE,
520
00:27:29,615 --> 00:27:32,251
{\an7}THE 210-FOOT-HIGH COIT TOWER,
521
00:27:32,284 --> 00:27:35,621
{\an7}WHICH HAS BEEN PERCHED ON
TELEGRAPH HILL SINCE 1933,
522
00:27:35,654 --> 00:27:37,055
{\an7}WAS THE PERFECT SYMBOL
523
00:27:37,089 --> 00:27:41,527
{\an7}\hOF SAN FRANCISCO‘S
HISTORY AND SPIRIT.
524
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:44,296
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS PAID FOR
BY LILLIE HITCHCOCK COIT,
525
00:27:44,329 --> 00:27:45,831
{\an7}WHO WANTED TO LEAVE A GIFT
526
00:27:45,864 --> 00:27:48,033
{\an7}\h\hTHAT WOULD ENHANCE
SAN FRANCISCO‘S BEAUTY
527
00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:50,001
{\an7}AND HONOR ITS FIREFIGHTERS.
528
00:27:55,574 --> 00:27:57,743
{\an7}BUT IN THE 1960s,
529
00:27:57,776 --> 00:28:00,412
{\an7}THE TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION
\h\hREVEALED PLANS FOR A NEW,
530
00:28:00,445 --> 00:28:04,649
{\an7}MORE THAN 1,000-FOOT-HIGH-TALL
\h\h\h\h\h\hSKYSCRAPER DOWNTOWN
531
00:28:04,683 --> 00:28:08,020
{\an7}THAT WOULD RADICALLY CHANGE
\hSAN FRANCISCO‘S SKYLINE.
532
00:28:10,122 --> 00:28:12,124
{\an7}AN UGLY FIGHT ENSUED.
533
00:28:12,157 --> 00:28:13,692
{\an7}SAN FRANCISCANS PROTESTED,
534
00:28:13,725 --> 00:28:16,428
{\an7}ARGUING THAT THEIR CITY
\hWOULD SOON BE BURIED
535
00:28:16,461 --> 00:28:19,597
{\an7}\hUNDER WHAT THEY CALLED
A SKYLINE OF TOMBSTONES.
536
00:28:22,534 --> 00:28:25,070
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE END,
THEY LOST THEIR FIGHT,
537
00:28:25,103 --> 00:28:26,605
{\an7}THOUGH TRANSAMERICA DID AGREE
538
00:28:26,638 --> 00:28:28,707
{\an7}\hTO REDUCE THE HEIGHT
OF ITS NEW HEADQUARTERS
539
00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:32,577
{\an7}BY ALMOST 200 FEET.
540
00:28:32,611 --> 00:28:34,546
{\an7}FOR MORE THAN FOUR DECADES,
541
00:28:34,580 --> 00:28:37,149
{\an7}IT WAS THE TALLEST BUILDING
\h\h\h\h\hIN SAN FRANCISCO,
542
00:28:37,182 --> 00:28:39,918
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND, OVER TIME,
ITS HEIGHT AND PYRAMID SHAPE
543
00:28:39,952 --> 00:28:42,188
{\an7}MADE IT A SAN FRANCISCO ICON.
544
00:28:48,493 --> 00:28:51,696
{\an7}SAN FRANCISCANS MAY HAVE FOUGHT
\h\h\h\h\hAGAINST SKYSCRAPERS,
545
00:28:51,730 --> 00:28:55,033
{\an7}\hBUT NOW THEIR CITY
IS PACKED WITH THEM.
546
00:28:55,067 --> 00:28:56,468
{\an7}AND TODAY,
547
00:28:56,501 --> 00:28:59,938
{\an7}THE COLOSSAL NEW 61-STORY HOME
\hOF THE TECH GIANT SALESFORCE
548
00:28:59,972 --> 00:29:02,508
{\an7}DOMINATES THE BAY AREA.
549
00:29:02,541 --> 00:29:05,044
{\an7}RISING 1,070 FEET,
550
00:29:05,077 --> 00:29:08,447
{\an7}IT DWARFS EVERY OTHER
\hSTRUCTURE AROUND IT.
551
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:11,984
{\an7}RESIDENTS OF THE BAY AREA
EITHER LOVE IT OR HATE IT.
552
00:29:15,087 --> 00:29:17,156
{\an7}IT‘S ONE OF THE MOST
\h\h\hVISIBLE SYMBOLS
553
00:29:17,189 --> 00:29:19,692
{\an7}OF HOW SILICON VALLEY
\h\h\hAND TECH WEALTH
554
00:29:19,725 --> 00:29:21,760
{\an7}HAVE CHANGED SAN FRANCISCO,
555
00:29:21,793 --> 00:29:23,628
{\an7}ALONG WITH RISING HOUSING PRICES
556
00:29:23,662 --> 00:29:25,063
{\an7}AND ENDLESS TRAFFIC
557
00:29:25,097 --> 00:29:27,366
{\an7}ON BAY AREA HIGHWAYS
\h\h\h\hAND BRIDGES.
558
00:29:32,204 --> 00:29:37,109
{\an7}IF EVERY MAJOR CITY IN AMERICA
COULD WRITE ITS OWN BIOGRAPHY,
559
00:29:37,142 --> 00:29:40,779
{\an7}THEY WOULD ALL BE FILLED
WITH FASCINATING STORIES
560
00:29:40,812 --> 00:29:44,983
{\an7}OF THEIR INSPIRING RISE
\hFROM HUMBLE ORIGINS,
561
00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:47,786
{\an7}GREAT BOOMS AND BUSTS...
562
00:29:49,788 --> 00:29:52,424
{\an7}AND OF HOPES AND DREAMS
563
00:29:52,457 --> 00:29:53,892
{\an7}THAT HAVE LED TO THE CREATION
564
00:29:53,925 --> 00:29:57,962
{\an7}OF SOME OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR
\h\hURBAN SPACES IN THE WORLD.
565
00:30:03,168 --> 00:30:06,538
{\an7}BUT THE MOST GRIPPING CHAPTERS
\h\h\h\hIN SOME OF THESE TALES
566
00:30:06,571 --> 00:30:08,373
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD BE OF
THE DEVASTATING TRAGEDIES
567
00:30:08,407 --> 00:30:10,409
{\an7}\h\hTHAT HAVE STRUCK
MANY AMERICAN CITIES,
568
00:30:10,442 --> 00:30:12,377
{\an7}OFTEN WITHOUT WARNING.
569
00:30:14,746 --> 00:30:17,382
{\an7}RAGING HURRICANES
AND DEADLY FLOODS
570
00:30:17,416 --> 00:30:19,585
{\an7}\h\hHAVE LONG BEEN TWO
OF THE BIGGEST DANGERS
571
00:30:19,618 --> 00:30:22,054
{\an7}TO THE RESIDENTS OF CITIES
ALONG THE EASTERN SEABOARD
572
00:30:22,087 --> 00:30:23,789
{\an7}AND THE GULF OF MEXICO.
573
00:30:27,359 --> 00:30:29,928
{\an7}WHEN HURRICANE KATRINA
\h\h\h\hHIT NEW ORLEANS
574
00:30:29,961 --> 00:30:33,398
{\an7}AND THE SURROUNDING GULF COAST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN AUGUST 2005,
575
00:30:33,432 --> 00:30:35,901
{\an7}\hIT LEFT MILLIONS
OF PEOPLE HOMELESS
576
00:30:35,934 --> 00:30:39,604
{\an7}AND 1,800 DEAD.
577
00:30:39,638 --> 00:30:43,275
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h80% OF NEW ORLEANS
WAS RAVAGED BY FLOOD WATERS.
578
00:30:48,380 --> 00:30:51,216
{\an7}BUT THE BIGGEST DANGER
FOR WEST COAST CITIES
579
00:30:51,249 --> 00:30:55,453
{\an7}ARE MASSIVE FORCES
DEEP UNDERGROUND.
580
00:30:55,487 --> 00:30:59,391
{\an7}WHEN MOUNT ST. HELENS ERUPTED
\h\h\h\h\h\hON MAY 18, 1980,
581
00:30:59,424 --> 00:31:02,627
{\an7}\h\h\hIT BLANKETED THE CITY
OF PORTLAND, 50 MILES AWAY,
582
00:31:02,661 --> 00:31:05,130
{\an7}WITH ASH.
583
00:31:05,163 --> 00:31:08,900
{\an7}SEATTLE LIES JUST NORTHWEST
\h\h\h\h\hOF MOUNT RAINIER,
584
00:31:08,934 --> 00:31:11,437
{\an7}ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS
\h\h\hVOLCANOES ON EARTH.
585
00:31:13,338 --> 00:31:17,075
{\an7}CALIFORNIA‘S COASTAL CITIES
\hFACE A DIFFERENT THREAT--
586
00:31:17,109 --> 00:31:19,545
{\an7}A 750-MILE-LONG EARTHQUAKE FAULT
587
00:31:19,578 --> 00:31:21,847
{\an7}CALLED THE SAN ANDREAS.
588
00:31:26,785 --> 00:31:29,154
{\an7}IT LIES ON THE RING OF FIRE,
589
00:31:29,187 --> 00:31:31,856
{\an7}A LONG LINE OF EARTHQUAKE ZONES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND VOLCANOES
590
00:31:31,890 --> 00:31:36,061
{\an7}THAT PASSES UNDER THE WEST COAST
OF THE UNITED STATES.
591
00:31:36,094 --> 00:31:37,896
{\an7}GEOLOGISTS HAVE WARNED
592
00:31:37,929 --> 00:31:41,900
{\an7}THAT LOS ANGELES COULD BE
OVERDUE FOR A MAJOR QUAKE
593
00:31:41,933 --> 00:31:45,770
{\an7}THAT COULD BE AS POWERFUL
\h\h\h\h\hAS MAGNITUDE 8.
594
00:31:45,804 --> 00:31:47,973
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN YOU FOLLOW
THIS FAULT LINE NORTH,
595
00:31:48,006 --> 00:31:50,709
{\an7}IT PASSES JUST WEST
\hOF SILICON VALLEY
596
00:31:50,742 --> 00:31:52,944
{\an7}AND THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO.
597
00:31:55,213 --> 00:32:00,085
{\an7}AT EXACTLY 5:12 A.M.
\hON APRIL 18, 1906,
598
00:32:00,118 --> 00:32:01,419
{\an7}THE SAN ANDREAS
599
00:32:01,453 --> 00:32:05,757
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUNLEASHED A MASSIVE
7.9 MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE HERE.
600
00:32:05,791 --> 00:32:07,993
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE GROUND SHOOK
FOR LESS THAN A MINUTE,
601
00:32:08,026 --> 00:32:10,795
{\an7}\h\hBUT THE EFFECTS
WERE CATASTROPHIC.
602
00:32:10,829 --> 00:32:15,367
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h500 CITY BLOCKS
WERE DAMAGED OR DESTROYED,
603
00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:16,868
{\an7}FIRES BROKE OUT,
604
00:32:16,902 --> 00:32:18,971
{\an7}AND 3,000 PEOPLE DIED.
605
00:32:19,004 --> 00:32:21,473
{\an7}BY THE TIME THE AFTERSHOCKS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD SUBSIDED,
606
00:32:21,506 --> 00:32:24,876
{\an7}80% OF SAN FRANCISCO
\h\hHAD BEEN LEVELED.
607
00:32:26,745 --> 00:32:28,380
{\an7}THE 1906 EARTHQUAKE
608
00:32:28,413 --> 00:32:31,249
{\an7}REMAINS ONE OF THE WORST
\h\h\h\hNATURAL DISASTERS
609
00:32:31,283 --> 00:32:33,752
{\an7}IN U.S. HISTORY.
610
00:32:33,785 --> 00:32:36,755
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE SAN ANDREAS
STRUCK THE BAY AREA AGAIN
611
00:32:36,788 --> 00:32:39,224
{\an7}IN 1989.
612
00:32:39,257 --> 00:32:42,193
{\an7}THE 6.9 MAGNITUDE
LOMA PRIETA QUAKE
613
00:32:42,227 --> 00:32:44,863
{\an7}LEFT 63 PEOPLE DEAD.
614
00:32:44,896 --> 00:32:46,297
{\an7}42 OF THEM DIED
615
00:32:46,331 --> 00:32:50,068
{\an7}WHEN AN ELEVATED FREEWAY
\h\hCOLLAPSED IN OAKLAND.
616
00:32:50,101 --> 00:32:52,437
{\an7}A YOUNG MOTORIST ALSO PERISHED
617
00:32:52,471 --> 00:32:53,706
{\an7}AFTER A 50-FOOT SECTION
618
00:32:53,738 --> 00:32:55,840
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE FORMER SPAN
OF THE OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE
619
00:32:55,874 --> 00:32:58,243
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCRASHED DOWN
ON THE ROADWAY BELOW.
620
00:33:03,381 --> 00:33:05,917
{\an7}BUT JUST LIKE IN 1906,
621
00:33:05,951 --> 00:33:08,053
{\an7}BAY AREA RESIDENTS RALLIED
622
00:33:08,086 --> 00:33:12,524
{\an7}AND REBUILT THEIR HOUSES,
\hBRIDGES, AND HIGHWAYS.
623
00:33:12,557 --> 00:33:15,794
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHEN YOU SOAR OVER
SAN FRANCISCO‘S COLORFUL STREETS
624
00:33:15,827 --> 00:33:18,129
{\an7}AND GLEAMING TOWERS TODAY,
625
00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:20,565
{\an7}YOU‘D NEVER KNOW THAT
\hTHIS CALIFORNIA CITY
626
00:33:20,599 --> 00:33:23,435
{\an7}ONCE LAY IN RUINS.
627
00:33:23,468 --> 00:33:24,936
{\an7}IT‘S A COMEBACK STORY
628
00:33:24,970 --> 00:33:28,173
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT‘S PLAYED OUT
IN CITY AFTER CITY IN AMERICA,
629
00:33:28,206 --> 00:33:31,643
{\an7}AND NO PLACE MORE DRAMATICALLY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAN IN CHICAGO.
630
00:33:33,678 --> 00:33:36,881
{\an7}ON THE NIGHT OF OCTOBER 8, 1892,
631
00:33:36,915 --> 00:33:39,918
{\an7}\h\h\hA SMALL SPARK
LIT A BARN ON FIRE
632
00:33:39,951 --> 00:33:43,254
{\an7}\h\hAT WHAT IS NOW
137 DeKOVEN STREET.
633
00:33:43,288 --> 00:33:46,258
{\an7}THE FIRE QUICKLY SPREAD
\hTO NEARBY STRUCTURES.
634
00:33:46,291 --> 00:33:48,193
{\an7}HIGH WINDS FANNED THE FLAMES
635
00:33:48,226 --> 00:33:50,261
{\an7}AND PUSHED THE FIRES
\h\h\hNORTH AND EAST,
636
00:33:50,295 --> 00:33:51,897
{\an7}TOWARD LAKE MICHIGAN.
637
00:33:51,930 --> 00:33:56,768
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR ALMOST FOUR DAYS,
THE CITY OF CHICAGO BURNED,
638
00:33:56,801 --> 00:34:00,271
{\an7}UNTIL RAIN SHOWERS FINALLY PUT
\h\hTHE LAST OF THE FIRES OUT.
639
00:34:05,076 --> 00:34:07,812
{\an7}\hTHE DEVASTATION
WAS CATASTROPHIC.
640
00:34:07,846 --> 00:34:12,884
{\an7}\h\h\h17,000 CHICAGO
BUILDINGS DESTROYED,
641
00:34:12,918 --> 00:34:15,854
{\an7}90,000 RESIDENTS LEFT HOMELESS,
642
00:34:15,887 --> 00:34:17,989
{\an7}AND ALMOST 300 DEAD.
643
00:34:20,225 --> 00:34:22,661
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT EVEN AS
THEIR CITY SMOLDERED,
644
00:34:22,694 --> 00:34:26,865
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PEOPLE OF CHICAGO
WERE ALREADY VOWING TO REBUILD.
645
00:34:26,898 --> 00:34:30,301
{\an7}THEIR CITY‘S GREAT FIRE
\hENDED UP BEING A SPARK
646
00:34:30,335 --> 00:34:33,572
{\an7}\hTHAT LED TO INNOVATIONS
IN ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
647
00:34:33,605 --> 00:34:37,809
{\an7}\hTHAT CREATED ONE OF THE MOST
DAZZLING SKYLINES IN THE WORLD.
648
00:34:40,779 --> 00:34:42,381
{\an7}IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE FIRE,
649
00:34:42,414 --> 00:34:45,817
{\an7}\h\hCHICAGO DEVELOPERS RACED TO
SECURE LOTS FOR NEW BUILDINGS,
650
00:34:45,850 --> 00:34:48,319
{\an7}AND LAND PRICES SKYROCKETED.
651
00:34:48,353 --> 00:34:49,654
{\an7}TO MAXIMIZE THE LAND,
652
00:34:49,688 --> 00:34:50,689
{\an7}THEY SET OUT TO BUILD
653
00:34:50,722 --> 00:34:53,258
{\an7}THE HIGHEST STRUCTURES
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY COULD.
654
00:34:53,291 --> 00:34:55,994
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA NEW MATERIAL
CALLED STRUCTURAL STEEL
655
00:34:56,027 --> 00:34:57,529
{\an7}WOULD MAKE THAT POSSIBLE
656
00:34:57,562 --> 00:35:00,598
{\an7}IN EXCITING WAYS THE WORLD
\h\hHAD NEVER SEEN BEFORE.
657
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:09,374
{\an7}\h\hUSING STEEL POSTS AND BEAMS,
INSTEAD OF HEAVY WALLS OF STONE,
658
00:35:09,407 --> 00:35:12,844
{\an7}\hENGINEERS IN CHICAGO COULD
DESIGN NEW KINDS OF BUILDINGS
659
00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:15,146
{\an7}THAT COULD BE TALLER
\h\hTHAN EVER BEFORE
660
00:35:15,180 --> 00:35:17,716
{\an7}AND SHEATHED IN GLASS.
661
00:35:17,749 --> 00:35:21,720
{\an7}IT LED TO A REVOLUTION
IN SKYSCRAPER DESIGN.
662
00:35:21,753 --> 00:35:23,855
{\an7}\h\hMANY OF THOSE EARLY
STEEL-FRAMED BUILDINGS
663
00:35:23,888 --> 00:35:26,758
{\an7}\hARE STILL STANDING
IN DOWNTOWN CHICAGO.
664
00:35:26,791 --> 00:35:29,861
{\an7}AND SOARING ABOVE THEM
\h\h\h\hARE SKYSCRAPERS
665
00:35:29,894 --> 00:35:33,598
{\an7}THAT HAVE TAKEN STRUCTURAL STEEL
TO WHOLE NEW LEVELS.
666
00:35:33,632 --> 00:35:37,903
{\an7}♪
667
00:35:37,936 --> 00:35:40,238
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE DESIGN
OF THE JOHN HANCOCK CENTER
668
00:35:40,271 --> 00:35:42,273
{\an7}WAS REVOLUTIONARY.
669
00:35:42,307 --> 00:35:45,777
{\an7}\hTHE ENORMOUS BLACK DIAMOND
SHAPES ON ITS EXTERIOR WALLS
670
00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:47,745
{\an7}AREN‘T JUST FOR LOOKS.
671
00:35:47,779 --> 00:35:49,314
{\an7}THEY‘VE BEEN WELDED TOGETHER
672
00:35:49,347 --> 00:35:52,317
{\an7}TO CREATE A 100-STORY-HIGH
\h\h\h\hTAPERED STEEL TUBE,
673
00:35:52,350 --> 00:35:54,319
{\an7}WHICH HOLDS THE BUILDING UP.
674
00:35:54,352 --> 00:35:56,788
{\an7}SINCE THE STRUCTURE
\hIS ON THE OUTSIDE,
675
00:35:56,821 --> 00:35:58,589
{\an7}IT‘S CALLED AN EXOSKELETON.
676
00:36:00,992 --> 00:36:04,496
{\an7}CHICAGO MAY NEVER HAVE BECOME
A CITY OF ENGINEERING MARVELS
677
00:36:04,529 --> 00:36:07,065
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIF IT WEREN‘T
FOR THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE.
678
00:36:11,803 --> 00:36:14,773
{\an7}BUT NO URBAN TRAGEDY
\h\hIN RECENT MEMORY
679
00:36:14,806 --> 00:36:19,210
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS AS DEVASTATING
AS WHAT HAPPENED ON 9/11, 2001,
680
00:36:19,244 --> 00:36:21,813
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHEN TERRORISTS
BROUGHT DOWN THE TWIN TOWERS
681
00:36:21,846 --> 00:36:25,416
{\an7}OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER
\h\h\hIN LOWER MANHATTAN.
682
00:36:25,450 --> 00:36:27,919
{\an7}FIVE YEARS LATER, IN 2006,
683
00:36:27,952 --> 00:36:31,389
{\an7}\h\hCONSTRUCTION CREWS BEGAN TO
PREPARE THE SITE OF GROUND ZERO
684
00:36:31,423 --> 00:36:34,760
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFOR A NEW SKYSCRAPER,
CALLED ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER,
685
00:36:34,793 --> 00:36:38,463
{\an7}ALSO KNOWN AS THE FREEDOM TOWER.
686
00:36:38,496 --> 00:36:42,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTODAY, WITH ITS ANGLED
GLASS FAÇADE AND SOARING SPIRE,
687
00:36:42,434 --> 00:36:46,371
{\an7}THE FREEDOM TOWER RISES
\hA SYMBOLIC 1,776 FEET
688
00:36:46,404 --> 00:36:49,240
{\an7}OVER THE SITE OF GROUND ZERO.
689
00:36:49,274 --> 00:36:51,710
{\an7}PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA
\h\h\hCAME TO NEW YORK
690
00:36:51,743 --> 00:36:53,778
{\an7}WHILE THE FREEDOM TOWER
\h\h\h\hWAS BEING BUILT
691
00:36:53,812 --> 00:36:55,113
{\an7}AND LEFT BEHIND AN INSCRIPTION
692
00:36:55,146 --> 00:36:58,349
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON ONE OF
THE NEW STRUCTURE‘S BEAMS,
693
00:36:58,383 --> 00:37:05,357
{\an7}"WE REMEMBER, WE REBUILD,
\hWE COME BACK STRONGER."
694
00:37:05,390 --> 00:37:08,493
{\an7}AND THAT SPEAKS TO THE PEOPLE
\h\h\hOF EVERY AMERICAN CITY
695
00:37:08,526 --> 00:37:10,528
{\an7}\h\h\hWHO HAVE ALWAYS
RESPONDED TO TRAGEDY
696
00:37:10,562 --> 00:37:12,397
{\an7}WITH RESILIENCE, STRENGTH,
697
00:37:12,430 --> 00:37:14,766
{\an7}AND AN EYE ON THE FUTURE.
698
00:37:18,603 --> 00:37:21,773
{\an7}BUT THEY‘VE ALSO HONORED THOSE
\h\h\hWHO SUFFERED AND PERISHED
699
00:37:21,806 --> 00:37:24,776
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWITH STUNNING WORKS
OF ENGINEERING AND DESIGN.
700
00:37:29,481 --> 00:37:32,351
{\an7}ON APRIL 15, 2013,
701
00:37:32,383 --> 00:37:35,019
{\an7}TWO ISLAMIC TERRORISTS
DETONATED THEIR BOMBS
702
00:37:35,053 --> 00:37:38,056
{\an7}\h\hAT THE FINISH LINE
OF THE BOSTON MARATHON,
703
00:37:38,089 --> 00:37:40,792
{\an7}HERE ON BOYLSTON STREET.
704
00:37:40,825 --> 00:37:43,061
{\an7}\h\hTHE EXPLOSIONS
KILLED THREE PEOPLE
705
00:37:43,094 --> 00:37:46,297
{\an7}AND INJURED 250 OTHERS.
706
00:37:46,331 --> 00:37:47,566
{\an7}THREE DAYS LATER,
707
00:37:47,599 --> 00:37:50,135
{\an7}THE MEN AMBUSHED AND MURDERED
\h\h\h\h\hA SECURITY OFFICER
708
00:37:50,168 --> 00:37:53,204
{\an7}ON THE CAMPUS OF M.I.T.
709
00:37:53,238 --> 00:37:56,641
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN 2015, M.I.T.
UNVEILED THIS MEMORIAL
710
00:37:56,674 --> 00:37:59,877
{\an7}TO THEIR SLAIN OFFICER,
\h\h\h\h\hSEAN COLLIER.
711
00:37:59,911 --> 00:38:01,846
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS DESIGNED
BY ARCHITECTURE PROFESSOR
712
00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,783
{\an7}J. MEEJIN YOON.
713
00:38:04,816 --> 00:38:08,887
{\an7}\h\hIT‘S MADE UP OF 32 MASSIVE
INTERLOCKING PIECES OF GRANITE
714
00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:11,289
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT SYMBOLIZE
THE STRENGTH AND UNITY
715
00:38:11,322 --> 00:38:13,925
{\an7}THAT BROUGHT MEMBERS OF
THIS COMMUNITY TOGETHER
716
00:38:13,958 --> 00:38:16,394
{\an7}\hAFTER THE BOMBINGS
AND COLLIER‘S DEATH.
717
00:38:19,097 --> 00:38:22,033
{\an7}\hWHEN NIGHT FALLS
ON NEW YORK CITY,
718
00:38:22,066 --> 00:38:24,001
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SITE
OF THE FORMER TWIN TOWERS
719
00:38:24,035 --> 00:38:25,937
{\an7}GLOWS WITH LIGHT.
720
00:38:28,773 --> 00:38:33,411
{\an7}\h\hTHIS IS THE NATIONAL
SEPTEMBER 11th MEMORIAL.
721
00:38:33,444 --> 00:38:36,414
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS DESIGNED
AS TWO LARGE REFLECTING POOLS
722
00:38:36,447 --> 00:38:38,950
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT HAVE BEEN PLACED
INSIDE THE FORMER FOOTPRINTS
723
00:38:38,983 --> 00:38:42,720
{\an7}OF THE TWIN TOWERS.
724
00:38:42,754 --> 00:38:45,924
{\an7}\h\h\hNEW YORK CITY DECIDED
TO PRESERVE THESE TWO SITES
725
00:38:45,957 --> 00:38:49,727
{\an7}\h\h\hAS A WAY FOR NEW YORKERS TO
REMEMBER THE NEARLY 3,000 PEOPLE
726
00:38:49,761 --> 00:38:53,898
{\an7}\hWHO PERISHED IN THE 1993
AND 2001 TERRORIST ATTACKS
727
00:38:53,932 --> 00:38:57,035
{\an7}ON THE WORLD TRADE CENTER.
728
00:38:57,068 --> 00:38:59,504
{\an7}\h\h\hIT ALSO HONORS
THE FIRST RESPONDERS
729
00:38:59,537 --> 00:39:02,473
{\an7}AND OTHERS WHO LOST THEIR LIVES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE AFTERMATH.
730
00:39:08,479 --> 00:39:12,717
{\an7}\h\hAFTER DARK, EVERY CITY
PAINTS ITS OWN UNIQUE STORY
731
00:39:12,750 --> 00:39:15,019
{\an7}WITH LIGHT.
732
00:39:15,053 --> 00:39:16,688
{\an7}BUT THERE MAY BE NO TWO CITIES
733
00:39:16,721 --> 00:39:19,023
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT DO IT
WITH BIGGER SPECTACLES
734
00:39:19,057 --> 00:39:22,027
{\an7}THAN MIAMI AND LAS VEGAS.
735
00:39:22,060 --> 00:39:23,995
{\an7}♪
736
00:39:32,036 --> 00:39:34,839
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hONE OF THE BEST WAYS
TO UNDERSTAND THE OUTSIZED ROLE
737
00:39:34,873 --> 00:39:37,409
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT CITIES PLAY
IN THE LIFE OF AMERICA
738
00:39:37,442 --> 00:39:39,477
{\an7}\h\h\hIS TO PEER DOWN
ON THE UNITED STATES,
739
00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:40,711
{\an7}LIKE AN ASTRONAUT,
740
00:39:40,745 --> 00:39:42,447
{\an7}FROM SPACE.
741
00:39:45,016 --> 00:39:49,053
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTODAY, MORE THAN 80%
OF AMERICANS LIVE IN URBAN AREAS
742
00:39:49,087 --> 00:39:53,959
{\an7}THAT LIGHT UP NORTH AMERICA
\hIN GREAT POOLS OF LIGHT.
743
00:39:53,992 --> 00:39:58,964
{\an7}FROM THE GLOW OF TIMES SQUARE
\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW YORK CITY...
744
00:39:58,997 --> 00:40:03,902
{\an7}\hTO THE MARQUEES OF CASINOS
ALONG THE LAS VEGAS STRIP...
745
00:40:03,935 --> 00:40:05,570
{\an7}TO THE STREETS OF CHICAGO
746
00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:09,273
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT FAN OUT FROM
THE SHORES OF LAKE MICHIGAN...
747
00:40:09,307 --> 00:40:11,676
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO HOUSTON,
WITH HIGHWAYS THAT LOOK LIKE
748
00:40:11,709 --> 00:40:16,013
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGIANT SPOKES
OF A WHEEL AT NIGHT...
749
00:40:16,047 --> 00:40:19,050
{\an7}AND TO THE MANY CITIES THAT
SURROUND SAN FRANCISCO BAY.
750
00:40:23,221 --> 00:40:25,123
{\an7}THESE VAST URBAN CENTERS
751
00:40:25,156 --> 00:40:29,160
{\an7}MAY LOOK JUST LIKE TAPESTRIES
\h\h\h\hOF LIGHT FROM SPACE.
752
00:40:29,193 --> 00:40:30,528
{\an7}BUT WHEN YOU GET UP CLOSE,
753
00:40:30,561 --> 00:40:33,030
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY OFFER A CHANCE
TO DISCOVER THE MYRIAD WAYS
754
00:40:33,064 --> 00:40:35,433
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT PEOPLE
IN THESE VERY DIFFERENT CITIES
755
00:40:35,466 --> 00:40:37,268
{\an7}WORK AND PLAY.
756
00:40:39,671 --> 00:40:42,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THE MOON RISES
OVER THE SANTA MONICA HILLS,
757
00:40:42,473 --> 00:40:45,943
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCOLORFUL VEINS
APPEAR ACROSS LOS ANGELES
758
00:40:45,977 --> 00:40:48,012
{\an7}AS THOUSANDS OF COMMUTERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hHIT THE ROAD
759
00:40:48,046 --> 00:40:51,383
{\an7}\h\hON L.A. COUNTY‘S
515 MILES OF FREEWAY.
760
00:40:51,416 --> 00:40:56,721
{\an7}♪
761
00:40:56,754 --> 00:40:59,957
{\an7}TONIGHT, MOST OF THESE DRIVERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE HEADING HOME,
762
00:40:59,991 --> 00:41:02,327
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT SOME ARE
ON THEIR WAY DOWNTOWN
763
00:41:02,360 --> 00:41:04,796
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO WATCH THE LAKERS
TAKE ON THE HOUSTON ROCKETS,
764
00:41:04,829 --> 00:41:08,533
{\an7}HERE AT THEIR HOME COURT
\hAT THE STAPLES CENTER.
765
00:41:08,566 --> 00:41:10,334
{\an7}NIGHT BRINGS OUT SPORTS ADDICTS
766
00:41:10,368 --> 00:41:12,403
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN CITIES
ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY...
767
00:41:16,107 --> 00:41:19,110
{\an7}...AND NOT JUST FANS OF
\h\hPROFESSIONAL TEAMS.
768
00:41:19,143 --> 00:41:21,412
{\an7}HERE IN THE DALLAS-FORT WORTH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMETROPLEX,
769
00:41:21,446 --> 00:41:24,416
{\an7}A FRIDAY NIGHT RITUAL
\h\h\h\hIS UNDERWAY.
770
00:41:27,251 --> 00:41:28,586
{\an7}CROWDS ARE CHEERING ON
771
00:41:28,619 --> 00:41:31,188
{\an7}TWO OF THEIR FAVORITE
\hHIGH SCHOOL TEAMS,
772
00:41:31,222 --> 00:41:33,791
{\an7}\h\hTHE SACHSE MUSTANGS
AND THE ROWLETT EAGLES,
773
00:41:33,825 --> 00:41:36,861
{\an7}IN A STADIUM THAT‘S ALMOST
\h\h\hBIG ENOUGH TO BE PRO.
774
00:41:39,397 --> 00:41:41,032
{\an7}IF THE MUSTANGS WIN TONIGHT,
775
00:41:41,065 --> 00:41:43,935
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEY‘LL TAKE HOME THEIR
THIRD CHAMPIONSHIP IN A ROW.
776
00:41:48,539 --> 00:41:51,575
{\an7}♪
777
00:41:51,609 --> 00:41:54,378
{\an7}\h\h\hTHERE‘S PLENTY OF LAND IN
THE DALLAS-FORT WORTH METROPLEX
778
00:41:54,412 --> 00:41:57,548
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO BUILD STADIUMS AND
HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL FIELDS.
779
00:41:57,582 --> 00:42:01,586
{\an7}BUT THAT‘S NOT THE CASE
\h\h\h\hHERE IN MIAMI.
780
00:42:01,619 --> 00:42:04,922
{\an7}EVERY NIGHT, SOCCER PLAYERS
\hCOME TO A PARKING GARAGE
781
00:42:04,956 --> 00:42:07,492
{\an7}AT 444 BRICKELL AVENUE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDOWNTOWN,
782
00:42:07,525 --> 00:42:12,096
{\an7}\hTO PLAY ON FIELDS
BUILT ON A ROOFTOP.
783
00:42:12,130 --> 00:42:15,767
{\an7}\h\hIN SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES
LIKE LIMA AND RIO DE JANEIRO,
784
00:42:15,800 --> 00:42:17,368
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT‘S COMMON
TO FIND SOCCER FIELDS
785
00:42:17,402 --> 00:42:18,770
{\an7}ON THE ROOFS OF BUILDINGS
786
00:42:18,803 --> 00:42:23,007
{\an7}SINCE THERE‘S VERY LITTLE SPACE
\h\h\h\h\h\hLEFT ON THE GROUND.
787
00:42:23,041 --> 00:42:25,844
{\an7}THESE FIELDS HAVE BEEN OWNED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY PAVEL PARDO,
788
00:42:25,877 --> 00:42:29,481
{\an7}A FORMER PLAYER FOR MEXICO‘S
\h\h\h\hNATIONAL SOCCER TEAM.
789
00:42:29,514 --> 00:42:32,050
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE PICKUP GAMES HERE
LAST RIGHT UP UNTIL 2 A.M.,
790
00:42:32,083 --> 00:42:35,486
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHEN THE LIGHTS GO OFF
AND THE PLAYERS FINALLY GO HOME.
791
00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:41,893
{\an7}♪
792
00:42:41,926 --> 00:42:43,694
{\an7}BUT FOR MANY IN MIAMI,
793
00:42:43,728 --> 00:42:47,765
{\an7}THAT‘S THE TIME WHEN THEIR NIGHT
IS JUST GETTING STARTED,
794
00:42:47,799 --> 00:42:48,767
{\an7}ESPECIALLY HERE,
795
00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:51,636
{\an7}ALONG OCEAN DRIVE
\hIN MIAMI BEACH.
796
00:42:53,738 --> 00:42:55,773
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT‘S BEEN
AN ALL-NIGHT PARTY TOWN
797
00:42:55,807 --> 00:42:58,710
{\an7}\h\h\hSINCE THIS CITY
WAS FOUNDED IN 1915.
798
00:42:58,743 --> 00:43:01,713
{\an7}\hTHAT‘S WHEN DEVELOPERS
TRANSFORMED MIAMI BEACH
799
00:43:01,746 --> 00:43:04,816
{\an7}FROM A NARROW MOSQUITO-PLAGUED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBARRIER ISLAND
800
00:43:04,849 --> 00:43:08,986
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hINTO A DESTINATION
WITH LUXURY CLUBS AND HOTELS.
801
00:43:09,020 --> 00:43:13,124
{\an7}TO LURE WEALTHY VACATIONERS FROM
NORTHERN STATES LIKE NEW YORK,
802
00:43:13,157 --> 00:43:15,893
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY BUILT 800
ART DECO-STYLE BUILDINGS,
803
00:43:15,927 --> 00:43:17,762
{\an7}\h\h\hMANY OF WHICH
ARE STILL STANDING.
804
00:43:19,764 --> 00:43:24,435
{\an7}ONE OF THEM IS THE COLONY HOTEL
\h\h\h\h\h\hAT 736 OCEAN DRIVE,
805
00:43:24,469 --> 00:43:27,706
{\an7}WHICH WAS COMPLETED IN 1935.
806
00:43:27,738 --> 00:43:30,641
{\an7}\hHOTELS LIKE THIS ONE
HELPED TURN MIAMI BEACH
807
00:43:30,675 --> 00:43:33,444
{\an7}INTO A BOOMTOWN IN THE 1930s.
808
00:43:33,478 --> 00:43:36,915
{\an7}TODAY, OCEAN DRIVE IS STILL
\hA BIG DRAW FOR CLUB-GOERS
809
00:43:36,948 --> 00:43:39,083
{\an7}WHO FILL ITS ROOFTOP BARS
810
00:43:39,117 --> 00:43:41,853
{\an7}AND TRY AND GET PAST THE ROPES
\h\h\h\hAT POPULAR NIGHTCLUBS,
811
00:43:41,886 --> 00:43:43,187
{\an7}LIKE LIV,
812
00:43:43,221 --> 00:43:45,724
{\an7}INSIDE THE LEGENDARY
FONTAINEBLEAU HOTEL.
813
00:43:50,194 --> 00:43:52,096
{\an7}BUT THE CITY OF MIAMI ITSELF,
814
00:43:52,130 --> 00:43:54,466
{\an7}LOCATED JUST ACROSS
\h\h\hBISCAYNE BAY,
815
00:43:54,499 --> 00:43:56,801
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hALSO KNOWS
HOW TO PUT ON A PARTY.
816
00:43:56,834 --> 00:44:01,305
{\an7}IT‘S THE HOST OF THE ANNUAL
\h\h\hULTRA MUSIC FESTIVAL.
817
00:44:01,339 --> 00:44:04,475
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEVERY YEAR IT TURNS
SOUTH FLORIDA‘S LARGEST CITY
818
00:44:04,509 --> 00:44:05,944
{\an7}INTO A GIANT SPECTACLE,
819
00:44:05,977 --> 00:44:08,613
{\an7}WITH HUGE EXPLOSIONS
OF SOUND AND LIGHT.
820
00:44:08,646 --> 00:44:10,581
{\an7}♪
821
00:44:16,254 --> 00:44:18,890
{\an7}BUT THERE MAY BE NO METROPOLIS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NATION
822
00:44:18,923 --> 00:44:22,894
{\an7}WITH NIGHTTIME ENTERTAINMENT
AS CAPTIVATING AS LAS VEGAS.
823
00:44:22,927 --> 00:44:29,200
{\an7}♪
824
00:44:29,233 --> 00:44:31,669
{\an7}\h\hTHE VEGAS STRIP
IS FAMILIAR TO MANY
825
00:44:31,702 --> 00:44:33,671
{\an7}AS A FEAST OF COLOR AND LIGHT.
826
00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:38,409
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT ONE OF
ITS BIGGEST SPECTACLES
827
00:44:38,442 --> 00:44:41,111
{\an7}IS A CHOREOGRAPHED DANCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF WATER.
828
00:44:41,145 --> 00:44:47,318
{\an7}♪
829
00:44:47,351 --> 00:44:52,256
{\an7}THESE ARE THE FOUNTAINS
\h\h\hOF THE BELLAGIO.
830
00:44:52,290 --> 00:44:54,993
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUNDER THE SURFACE
OF THIS 8-ACRE MAN-MADE LAKE
831
00:44:55,026 --> 00:44:58,129
{\an7}ARE 1,200 WATER JETS.
832
00:44:58,162 --> 00:44:59,930
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSOME OF THEM,
CALLED SUPER SHOOTERS,
833
00:44:59,964 --> 00:45:03,468
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCAN SEND WATER
240 FEET INTO THE SKY.
834
00:45:06,737 --> 00:45:10,507
{\an7}VEGAS MAY BE THE ENTERTAINMENT
\h\h\h\hCAPITAL OF THE NATION,
835
00:45:10,541 --> 00:45:12,009
{\an7}BUT WHEN THE FOUNTAINS
\h\h\h\hOF THE BELLAGIO
836
00:45:12,043 --> 00:45:15,246
{\an7}START THEIR CAREFULLY
\hCHOREOGRAPHED DANCE,
837
00:45:15,279 --> 00:45:18,048
{\an7}ALL EYES ALONG THE STRIP
\h\h\h\h\hPEER UP IN AWE
838
00:45:18,082 --> 00:45:21,919
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAT WHAT MAY BE VEGAS‘S
MOST POPULAR PERFORMERS OF ALL.
839
00:45:21,953 --> 00:45:23,888
{\an7}♪
840
00:45:30,595 --> 00:45:33,465
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT ONE SPECTACLE
FEW PEOPLE HERE EVER SEE
841
00:45:33,497 --> 00:45:36,567
{\an7}\h\h\hIS THAT OF THE HUNDREDS
OF WINGED NOCTURNAL PREDATORS
842
00:45:36,601 --> 00:45:39,437
{\an7}THAT SWARM IN THE SKIES
OVER THE STRIP AT NIGHT
843
00:45:39,470 --> 00:45:43,107
{\an7}IN SEARCH OF PREY.
844
00:45:43,140 --> 00:45:46,343
{\an7}\h\h\hSHOOTING OUT OF THE TOP
OF THE LUXOR HOTEL AND CASINO
845
00:45:46,377 --> 00:45:48,279
{\an7}IS A VERY POWERFUL
\h\h\hRAY OF LIGHT
846
00:45:48,312 --> 00:45:51,549
{\an7}CALLED THE SKYBEAM.
847
00:45:51,582 --> 00:45:55,319
{\an7}IT WAS CREATED WITH
39 7,000-WATT BULBS
848
00:45:55,353 --> 00:45:56,487
{\an7}AND HAS BEEN CALLED
849
00:45:56,520 --> 00:45:58,555
{\an7}THE BRIGHTEST BEAM OF LIGHT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WORLD.
850
00:45:58,589 --> 00:46:01,058
{\an7}\h\h\hIT‘S SO POWERFUL,
THE AIR OVER THE LUXOR
851
00:46:01,092 --> 00:46:03,361
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCAN REACH
500 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
852
00:46:05,496 --> 00:46:09,100
{\an7}THIS SHAFT OF LIGHT DRAWS
\h\hTHOUSANDS OF INSECTS,
853
00:46:09,133 --> 00:46:11,369
{\an7}AND THOSE INSECTS
\hMAKE THE SKYBEAM
854
00:46:11,402 --> 00:46:15,006
{\an7}THE PERFECT FEEDING GROUND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR BATS.
855
00:46:15,039 --> 00:46:17,041
{\an7}LOOK CLOSELY, AND CHANCES ARE
856
00:46:17,074 --> 00:46:19,043
{\an7}YOU‘LL SEE HUNDREDS
\hOF THESE PREDATORS
857
00:46:19,076 --> 00:46:21,712
{\an7}SWARMING AS THEY FEAST
\h\h\hIN THE NIGHT SKY.
858
00:46:23,814 --> 00:46:28,652
{\an7}\h\h\hTHIS MAY BE THE STRANGEST
SPECTACLE OF ALL IN LAS VEGAS.
859
00:46:31,222 --> 00:46:35,460
{\an7}♪
860
00:46:35,493 --> 00:46:38,196
{\an7}IT‘S JUST AFTER SUNSET
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SEATTLE,
861
00:46:38,229 --> 00:46:40,164
{\an7}\h\hAND AT THE BASE
OF THE SPACE NEEDLE
862
00:46:40,197 --> 00:46:46,403
{\an7}A SERIES OF STRANGE GLASS FORMS
HAVE JUST COME ALIVE WITH LIGHT.
863
00:46:46,437 --> 00:46:48,639
{\an7}\hTHESE BRILLIANT
PLANT-LIKE SHAPES
864
00:46:48,673 --> 00:46:51,276
{\an7}ARE THE WORK OF GLASS ARTIST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDALE CHIHULY,
865
00:46:51,309 --> 00:46:54,879
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA NATIVE OF
THE NEARBY CITY OF TACOMA.
866
00:46:54,912 --> 00:46:56,647
{\an7}PEOPLE COME HERE AFTER DARK
867
00:46:56,681 --> 00:46:59,484
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO EXPERIENCE
THIS QUIET GARDEN OF GLASS,
868
00:46:59,517 --> 00:47:01,586
{\an7}WHICH WAS CREATED IN 2012
869
00:47:01,619 --> 00:47:03,588
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE SITE
OF A FORMER AMUSEMENT PARK.
870
00:47:09,727 --> 00:47:11,596
{\an7}CHIHULY, WHO TRAINED IN EUROPE,
871
00:47:11,629 --> 00:47:14,499
{\an7}PIONEERED NEW WAYS
OF PRODUCING GLASS
872
00:47:14,532 --> 00:47:17,035
{\an7}\h\hSO HE COULD CREATE
DELICATE NATURAL FORMS
873
00:47:17,068 --> 00:47:19,871
{\an7}OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS.
874
00:47:21,605 --> 00:47:25,275
{\an7}\h\h\hTHIS GARDEN IS NOW ONE OF
THE CITY‘S MOST VISITED SITES.
875
00:47:28,479 --> 00:47:31,582
{\an7}ACROSS THE COUNTRY,
\hOUTSIDE OF BOSTON,
876
00:47:31,615 --> 00:47:34,151
{\an7}STUDENTS ARE GATHERING
\hIN A CIRCLE OF LIGHT
877
00:47:34,185 --> 00:47:35,887
{\an7}IN HARVARD YARD.
878
00:47:39,590 --> 00:47:46,063
{\an7}THIS IS A TEMPORARY INSTALLATION
BY ARTIST TERESITA FERNANDEZ.
879
00:47:46,097 --> 00:47:48,666
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSHE MADE IT WITH
THOUSANDS OF FLEXIBLE RODS
880
00:47:48,699 --> 00:47:52,536
{\an7}THAT MOVE AND MAKE SOUND
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WIND.
881
00:47:52,570 --> 00:47:56,040
{\an7}\hFERNANDEZ NAMED HER WORK
"AUTUMN, NOTHING PERSONAL,"
882
00:47:56,073 --> 00:47:57,174
{\an7}AFTER AN ESSAY
883
00:47:57,208 --> 00:48:00,178
{\an7}BY AFRICAN-AMERICAN WRITER
\h\h\h\h\h\hJAMES BALDWIN.
884
00:48:00,211 --> 00:48:02,947
{\an7}\hSHE WANTS IT TO GET STUDENTS
HERE THINKING AND TALKING ABOUT
885
00:48:02,980 --> 00:48:05,549
{\an7}\h\hHOW HUMAN HISTORY
AND THE WORLD ITSELF
886
00:48:05,583 --> 00:48:08,086
{\an7}ARE IN A CONSTANT
\hSTATE OF CHANGE.
887
00:48:08,119 --> 00:48:14,993
{\an7}♪
888
00:48:15,025 --> 00:48:17,594
{\an7}\h\hTHERE‘S REALLY NO END
TO WHAT YOU CAN DISCOVER
889
00:48:17,628 --> 00:48:21,966
{\an7}\h\hWHEN YOU PEER DOWN ON LIFE
IN AMERICA‘S CITIES AFTER DARK.
890
00:48:24,535 --> 00:48:27,371
{\an7}THAT‘S ESPECIALLY TRUE
\h\h\h\hIN LOS ANGELES
891
00:48:27,405 --> 00:48:29,073
{\an7}FOR THOSE WHO COME HERE
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR A DRINK
892
00:48:29,106 --> 00:48:34,411
{\an7}AT THE HIGHEST OUTDOOR BAR
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
893
00:48:34,445 --> 00:48:36,180
{\an7}IT‘S CALLED SPIRE 73
894
00:48:36,213 --> 00:48:38,048
{\an7}\hBECAUSE IT LIES
ON THE 73rd FLOOR
895
00:48:38,082 --> 00:48:39,717
{\an7}OF THE WILSHIRE GRAND,
896
00:48:39,750 --> 00:48:42,253
{\an7}\h\hTHE TALLEST BUILDING
WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
897
00:48:43,988 --> 00:48:48,125
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHIS SKYSCRAPER,
WHICH WAS COMPLETED IN 2017,
898
00:48:48,159 --> 00:48:51,396
{\an7}WAS DESIGNED TO CELEBRATE
\hCALIFORNIA‘S LANDSCAPE.
899
00:48:51,429 --> 00:48:53,998
{\an7}THE GLASS CROWN WAS SHAPED AFTER
A ROCK FORMATION
900
00:48:54,031 --> 00:48:57,434
{\an7}IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK
\h\h\h\hCALLED HALF DOME,
901
00:48:57,468 --> 00:49:00,271
{\an7}\hWHILE ITS REFLECTIVE FAÇADE
IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN INSPIRED
902
00:49:00,304 --> 00:49:04,975
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBY THE GLASSY SURFACE
OF CALIFORNIA‘S MERCED RIVER.
903
00:49:05,009 --> 00:49:08,246
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT FOR MANY PEOPLE,
THIS BUILDING‘S BIGGEST DRAW
904
00:49:08,279 --> 00:49:11,048
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS THE VIEW
FROM ITS ROOFTOP BAR.
905
00:49:11,081 --> 00:49:13,283
{\an7}\h\h1,000 FEET ABOVE
THE STREETS OF L.A.,
906
00:49:13,317 --> 00:49:14,919
{\an7}IT OFFERS ANGELINOS
907
00:49:14,952 --> 00:49:17,421
{\an7}\h\h\hA CHANCE TO LOOK OUT
ACROSS THE DAZZLING LIGHTS
908
00:49:17,455 --> 00:49:20,825
{\an7}OF THE MOST POPULATED
\hCOUNTY IN AMERICA,
909
00:49:20,858 --> 00:49:22,360
{\an7}FROM THE SUNSET STRIP
910
00:49:22,393 --> 00:49:25,763
{\an7}TO THE SANTA MONICA PIER.
911
00:49:25,796 --> 00:49:27,264
{\an7}AND IF THEY LOOK DOWN,
912
00:49:27,298 --> 00:49:29,934
{\an7}\h\hTHEY CAN ALSO CATCH SIGHT
OF THEIR FELLOW CALIFORNIANS
913
00:49:29,967 --> 00:49:33,304
{\an7}ICE SKATING IN PERSHING SQUARE,
914
00:49:33,337 --> 00:49:36,841
{\an7}\h\h\hRIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS
FAMOUSLY HOT AND DRY METROPOLIS.
915
00:49:39,543 --> 00:49:42,146
{\an7}\h\hTHESE ARE JUST A FEW
OF THE MILLIONS OF LIGHTS
916
00:49:42,179 --> 00:49:44,848
{\an7}THAT MAKE L.A. COUNTY
\h\hGLOW FROM SPACE.
917
00:49:44,882 --> 00:49:51,756
{\an7}♪
918
00:49:51,789 --> 00:49:54,091
{\an7}WHETHER YOU‘RE LOOKING DOWN
\h\h\h\h\hON THEIR STREETS
919
00:49:54,124 --> 00:49:56,293
{\an7}FROM STAGGERING HEIGHTS
920
00:49:56,327 --> 00:49:59,397
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOR RACING
RIGHT ACROSS THEIR WATERS,
921
00:49:59,430 --> 00:50:01,098
{\an7}AMERICA‘S GREAT CITIES
922
00:50:01,131 --> 00:50:02,833
{\an7}ARE FULL OF RIVETING TALES.
923
00:50:04,568 --> 00:50:06,870
{\an7}ONE ROSE FROM ASHES
924
00:50:06,904 --> 00:50:09,974
{\an7}TO BUILD THE TALLEST TOWER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WORLD.
925
00:50:10,007 --> 00:50:12,042
{\an7}IT WAS A SIMPLE IDEA IN ANOTHER
926
00:50:12,076 --> 00:50:15,446
{\an7}THAT TRIGGERED A REVOLUTION
\h\h\h\h\hIN GLOBAL TRADE.
927
00:50:15,479 --> 00:50:17,614
{\an7}THERE ARE INSPIRING ARTISTS
928
00:50:17,648 --> 00:50:20,718
{\an7}WHOSE WORK DAZZLES
\h\h\hWITH LIGHT...
929
00:50:22,753 --> 00:50:25,856
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WORKERS
WILLING TO TAKE DARING RISKS
930
00:50:25,890 --> 00:50:29,093
{\an7}TO KEEP THEIR METROPOLIS
\h\hMOVING DAY AND NIGHT.
931
00:50:30,828 --> 00:50:35,566
{\an7}THESE ARE THE POWERFUL STORIES
\h\hOF AMERICA‘S GREAT CITIES.
932
00:50:35,599 --> 00:50:37,534
{\an7}♪
933
00:50:39,970 --> 00:50:41,905
{\an7}♪
934
00:50:45,709 --> 00:50:47,644
{\an7}♪
935
00:50:55,452 --> 00:51:03,260
{\an7}♪
110049
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