Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,957 [MUSIC] 2 2 00:00:03,957 --> 00:00:06,440 Next stop, we're going to discuss arrays. 3 3 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:11,250 And I'm not talking about asking your boss for more money, haha, bad joke there. 4 4 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:13,840 We are talking about arrays. 5 5 00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:14,640 So what is an array? 6 6 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:19,840 An array stores into a variable, multiple elements of the same type. 7 7 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:23,760 Let's have a look at the example here, an example of how we could craft an array. 8 8 00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:26,300 We start off with our types, so this is an integer. 9 9 00:00:26,300 --> 00:00:29,980 You can see we have full, not full, whole numbers down here. 10 10 00:00:29,980 --> 00:00:31,820 Same thing, full numbers, whole numbers. 11 11 00:00:31,820 --> 00:00:35,860 If it was a float as our type, then we would have decimal place numbers or 12 12 00:00:35,860 --> 00:00:37,300 numbers with decimal places. 13 13 00:00:37,300 --> 00:00:40,670 We could have a string or we could have any other sort of type in here. 14 14 00:00:40,670 --> 00:00:45,620 We use the square brackets to denote that this is an array. 15 15 00:00:45,620 --> 00:00:47,900 And then we have a variable name, as we've done before. 16 16 00:00:47,900 --> 00:00:52,163 This variable is going to store these particular numbers, these particular 17 17 00:00:52,163 --> 00:00:56,300 values, in this variable, and it will store them at specific locations. 18 18 00:00:56,300 --> 00:01:01,774 So, at location 0, and all good programming starts counting from 0, and 19 19 00:01:01,774 --> 00:01:07,350 you can think of it of how many steps is it away from this initial value in here. 20 20 00:01:07,350 --> 00:01:10,310 So this is 0 steps away and this is 2 steps away at number 5. 21 21 00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:12,790 So each of these has a position. 22 22 00:01:12,790 --> 00:01:16,870 If we wish to get access to our number 9 in here, 23 23 00:01:16,870 --> 00:01:23,390 then we're referring to within our array, odd numbers array, the location number 4. 24 24 00:01:23,390 --> 00:01:30,970 So back into unity, let us open up our adventure script here, adventuregame.cs. 25 25 00:01:30,970 --> 00:01:35,600 We're gonna do a little example of an array, so we can see how it works. 26 26 00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:39,210 First of all, so underneath my text component and 27 27 00:01:39,210 --> 00:01:43,090 starting state, I will add an integer. 28 28 00:01:44,350 --> 00:01:48,750 That is a, whoops, wrong brackets, that is a array. 29 29 00:01:48,750 --> 00:01:51,840 So int, and then our square bracket, oddNumbers. 30 30 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:56,965 We're basically typing out what we saw on our screen 31 31 00:01:56,965 --> 00:02:02,105 just a moment ago, = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9};. 32 32 00:02:02,105 --> 00:02:06,540 And then end with semicolon. 33 33 00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,292 So this is the exact thing we saw previously, 34 34 00:02:10,292 --> 00:02:13,770 int odd numbers one through to nine. 35 35 00:02:13,770 --> 00:02:17,790 So we have declared our array and also initialized our array. 36 36 00:02:17,790 --> 00:02:21,010 We could have stopped at this point just here, and 37 37 00:02:21,010 --> 00:02:24,130 said ignore all this stuff down below and say there we go, 38 38 00:02:24,130 --> 00:02:29,610 we have declared an array of type integer called oddNumbers. 39 39 00:02:29,610 --> 00:02:30,910 And then later on, 40 40 00:02:30,910 --> 00:02:35,640 we will say what the values of this variable is, of this array is. 41 41 00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:40,870 But for now, we're going to start off by declaring and initializing in one step. 42 42 00:02:40,870 --> 00:02:42,960 This is all code that we're just playing around with at the moment, 43 43 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:46,570 we're not gonna use this in our final game, but I'm using this to 44 44 00:02:46,570 --> 00:02:50,210 illustrate how arrays work just within our current script in here. 45 45 00:02:50,210 --> 00:02:55,350 So we have that, now let's go down to our start method, 46 46 00:02:55,350 --> 00:02:58,320 and just add an extra line at start method. 47 47 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:05,560 Let's print out to our console, let's print out number seven from the array. 48 48 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:07,040 Let's go through this together. 49 49 00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:07,895 Debug.Log( ). 50 50 00:03:07,895 --> 00:03:16,110 Now we don't need our quotation marks cuz we're not printing out a string. 51 51 00:03:16,110 --> 00:03:21,731 We're printing out our variables so we type in (oddNumbers) and 52 52 00:03:21,731 --> 00:03:26,520 then within that, we open our square brackets, and we say number 3, 53 53 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:29,400 or we add number 3, and then semicolon. 54 54 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:34,520 So what this is saying is, print out Debug.Log oddNumbers variable, and 55 55 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:37,140 whatever is at position number 3. 56 56 00:03:37,140 --> 00:03:37,948 Now, we're counting from 0, so 0, 1, 2, 3. 57 57 00:03:37,948 --> 00:03:43,394 This is will be number 7, if all goes planned, 58 58 00:03:43,394 --> 00:03:47,488 so Save over into Unity, hit Play. 59 59 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:56,760 Look at the console and it should say 7, as it does, fantastic. 60 60 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:01,710 Likewise, if we wanted to print out a string, then let's change up, 61 61 00:04:01,710 --> 00:04:06,830 here's a mini challenge for you again, change this rray 62 62 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:11,390 from oddNumbers to days of the week. 63 63 00:04:11,390 --> 00:04:17,620 And then use Debug.Log to print out, say, Tuesday into the console. 64 64 00:04:17,620 --> 00:04:19,540 So here's a mini-challenge for you. 65 65 00:04:19,540 --> 00:04:22,663 Pause the video now and take on that mini-challenge. 66 66 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:25,550 Okay welcome back. 67 67 00:04:25,550 --> 00:04:27,580 Why is it many challenge and not a challenge, 68 68 00:04:27,580 --> 00:04:31,350 well I guess because I don't have a slide for it therefore it's a mini challenge. 69 69 00:04:31,350 --> 00:04:35,410 Okay so instead of this being an int, we will change it to a string, so 70 70 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:40,350 it's type string we will call it daysof. 71 71 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:43,110 Actually I'm gonna show you a trick here, I'll undo that. 72 72 00:04:43,110 --> 00:04:47,838 In Visual Studio, if we click on the name of something and 73 73 00:04:47,838 --> 00:04:50,610 we go Ctrl+A A, so double A. 74 74 00:04:50,610 --> 00:04:53,030 I'm guessing it's Cmd+A, A on the Mac, apologies, 75 75 00:04:53,030 --> 00:04:56,516 I don't know exactly what that is on the Mac, but on PC. 76 76 00:04:56,516 --> 00:04:58,520 It is Ctrl AA, 77 77 00:04:58,520 --> 00:05:02,320 that will allow us to rename all of the things that are called audit numbers. 78 78 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:06,570 So, I'm going to type in daysOfTheweek. 79 79 00:05:06,570 --> 00:05:11,280 And you can see, its naming here, and it's also renaming there. 80 80 00:05:11,280 --> 00:05:12,940 Because it knows, this is one and the same. 81 81 00:05:12,940 --> 00:05:14,580 So that's a neat little trick there. 82 82 00:05:14,580 --> 00:05:16,230 You can click Apply. 83 83 00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:18,890 And instead of our numbers, we are going to change this. 84 84 00:05:18,890 --> 00:05:20,710 We need our quotation marks for each of these. 85 85 00:05:20,710 --> 00:05:25,590 We'll say, mon, whoops, I'll just type it, monday, the abbreviated version, 86 86 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:29,696 so we're not here forever. 87 87 00:05:29,696 --> 00:05:32,798 {"tues", "wed", "thurs", "thurs"}; and 88 88 00:05:32,798 --> 00:05:36,430 then I'm gonna leave it that the remaining three days of the week. 89 89 00:05:36,430 --> 00:05:40,630 But I'll save ourselves the extra 30 seconds of typing that. 90 90 00:05:40,630 --> 00:05:42,610 And then, what were we going for? 91 91 00:05:42,610 --> 00:05:43,110 Tuesday. 92 92 00:05:43,110 --> 00:05:45,080 So, this is position 0, and this is position 1. 93 93 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:49,410 So, we will change our reference here to 1. 94 94 00:05:49,410 --> 00:05:52,490 Save, back over into Unity. 95 95 00:05:52,490 --> 00:05:54,960 Give our script a moment to compile. 96 96 00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:55,875 Click on Play. 97 97 00:05:55,875 --> 00:05:58,490 And, then all going to plan, it will say, Tuesday. 98 98 00:05:58,490 --> 00:05:59,170 Yes, it does. 99 99 00:05:59,170 --> 00:05:59,750 Excellent. 100 100 00:05:59,750 --> 00:06:01,740 So, that's the usage of arrays. 101 101 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:02,780 Pretty straight forward. 102 102 00:06:02,780 --> 00:06:06,760 I'm going to remove our example that we've put in here, for now. 103 103 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:08,770 We don't need that for what we're doing. 104 104 00:06:08,770 --> 00:06:12,810 Remove that and remove our Debug down here. 105 105 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:19,680 Arrays are super useful if we want to store multiple things in one variable, 106 106 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:21,230 and what is the use case for that one? 107 107 00:06:21,230 --> 00:06:22,730 We're about to do a use case for that. 108 108 00:06:22,730 --> 00:06:24,762 We're about to implement that in our game. 109 109 00:06:24,762 --> 00:06:29,630 We're gonna jump here into state, and within state, what we want to do is 110 110 00:06:29,630 --> 00:06:34,770 have a variable which stores all of our next states. 111 111 00:06:34,770 --> 00:06:35,630 What do I mean by that? 112 112 00:06:35,630 --> 00:06:39,800 At the moment we have starting state, let's go ahead and 113 113 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:42,010 create two more next states. 114 114 00:06:42,010 --> 00:06:45,980 I'll right click up to create state, what will we call this? 115 115 00:06:45,980 --> 00:06:48,650 We'll call this Room One. 116 116 00:06:49,770 --> 00:06:51,160 Not a very good name for now. 117 117 00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:54,950 We're going to go through and create our actual story pretty soon, but for 118 118 00:06:54,950 --> 00:06:58,210 now we're doing, this is a placeholder Room 1 and I'll create a second one. 119 119 00:06:58,210 --> 00:07:01,590 Right click, Create, State, call this Room 2. 120 120 00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:04,110 Again, we have stunning state. 121 121 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:05,460 We have Room 1 and Room 2. 122 122 00:07:05,460 --> 00:07:10,350 Room 1, I'll just write a little bit of text in here, I am in Room 1. 123 123 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:18,550 And then Room 2, we'll say, okay, this looks like room two. 124 124 00:07:18,550 --> 00:07:21,680 This is placeholder, so feel free to type whatever you like in there, just so 125 125 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:22,850 we've got something. 126 126 00:07:22,850 --> 00:07:26,990 If we end up, whoops, printing this out on the screen, we know that it's accurately 127 127 00:07:26,990 --> 00:07:29,810 portraying the right particular state we're going for. 128 128 00:07:29,810 --> 00:07:34,400 So we now have three states, starting state, Room 1 state and Room 2 state. 129 129 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:37,630 These are assets, these are our scriptable object assets. 130 130 00:07:37,630 --> 00:07:38,810 And we have these three. 131 131 00:07:38,810 --> 00:07:42,180 So if we wanted to say from starting state, 132 132 00:07:42,180 --> 00:07:45,170 your options are to go to Room 1 or Room 2. 133 133 00:07:45,170 --> 00:07:47,910 We wish to store that information in 134 134 00:07:47,910 --> 00:07:52,140 a variable that has the concept of next state. 135 135 00:07:52,140 --> 00:07:54,545 and when we look over here and states, 136 136 00:07:54,545 --> 00:07:59,283 what that will require is that we serialize a variable called next states, 137 137 00:07:59,283 --> 00:08:04,190 and then we create a new public method where we are returning the next states. 138 138 00:08:04,190 --> 00:08:06,740 And that is going to be your challenge. 139 139 00:08:06,740 --> 00:08:10,560 This is a little bit of a deeper challenge, so feel free to stop the video. 140 140 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:13,540 Take time to look through what we've worked through previously. 141 141 00:08:13,540 --> 00:08:15,510 Have a look at how arrays work, and 142 142 00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:17,900 have a good think about it, I'm gonna give you a few hints. 143 143 00:08:17,900 --> 00:08:21,000 So if you don't want the hints, feel free to pause the video and 144 144 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:22,440 dive in as soon as you're ready. 145 145 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:23,750 The summary of what we're trying to do, 146 146 00:08:23,750 --> 00:08:27,400 is create a public method as we've previously done in here. 147 147 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:31,560 This was our previous public method we've already created when called, 148 148 00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:34,160 returns an array of next states. 149 149 00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:37,270 So this one when it was called, it returned a string. 150 150 00:08:37,270 --> 00:08:41,830 So this variable's a string and the return type is a string. 151 151 00:08:41,830 --> 00:08:45,310 What we're looking to do is to return an array of next states. 152 152 00:08:45,310 --> 00:08:46,770 So the type is states. 153 153 00:08:46,770 --> 00:08:47,520 And here are the hints. 154 154 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:49,920 if you're ready, if you think that's enough information, 155 155 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:51,410 then pause the video and jump in now. 156 156 00:08:51,410 --> 00:08:54,870 The first hint, is serialized array of type. 157 157 00:08:54,870 --> 00:08:56,580 So I'm gonna change on the fly. 158 158 00:08:56,580 --> 00:09:00,590 This should be serialized an array not serialized. 159 159 00:09:00,590 --> 00:09:03,700 So serialized, 160 160 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:08,900 serialize an Array of type State called nextStates. 161 161 00:09:08,900 --> 00:09:09,740 So that's the first thing. 162 162 00:09:09,740 --> 00:09:12,799 We're creating our, declaring our variable, nextStates, 163 163 00:09:12,799 --> 00:09:15,520 and we're serializing that, and it's of type Array. 164 164 00:09:15,520 --> 00:09:21,685 And the public Public method that returns nextStates is called GetStateStory. 165 165 00:09:21,685 --> 00:09:25,595 And the return type needs to be the same as the variable type. 166 166 00:09:25,595 --> 00:09:27,535 Okay, so there are your clues. 167 167 00:09:27,535 --> 00:09:28,645 Jump in, give that a shot, and 168 168 00:09:28,645 --> 00:09:31,440 I'll see you back in here in a moment for our solution. 169 169 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:36,220 Okie-dokie, our first step here is to serialize a variables. 170 170 00:09:36,220 --> 00:09:40,978 So serialize field is of type state cuz we're looking for 171 171 00:09:40,978 --> 00:09:44,340 states, that will be within array. 172 172 00:09:44,340 --> 00:09:49,805 We denote it as an array without square brackets, and we'll call this nextStates. 173 173 00:09:51,055 --> 00:09:53,800 Cuz we want to know what are the next states that could comes after, 174 174 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:58,060 whatever our current state is, our current state is a starting state. 175 175 00:09:58,060 --> 00:10:04,000 Now for creating our method, and the bottom of our script here public, 176 176 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,830 what is this, it's a state and 177 177 00:10:06,830 --> 00:10:12,450 we need our square brackets because it's an array, it's an array of typeState. 178 178 00:10:12,450 --> 00:10:13,160 Space. 179 179 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:15,920 We will call this GetNextStates. 180 180 00:10:17,870 --> 00:10:18,590 No parameters. 181 181 00:10:18,590 --> 00:10:20,080 So open and closed parentheses. 182 182 00:10:21,650 --> 00:10:24,390 Curly braces and we will type return. 183 183 00:10:24,390 --> 00:10:27,350 And what are we returning? 184 184 00:10:27,350 --> 00:10:31,070 Well, we're returning our variable array of type states. 185 185 00:10:31,070 --> 00:10:33,475 So we're returning nextStates. 186 186 00:10:35,580 --> 00:10:37,220 And then we'll save that. 187 187 00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:41,967 So that's creating a State Array called 188 188 00:10:41,967 --> 00:10:48,050 nextStates, that is being returned when we call GetNextStates from our code. 189 189 00:10:48,050 --> 00:10:50,830 One last step we are doing in this video, so well done if you've got that challenge 190 190 00:10:50,830 --> 00:10:54,530 correct well done if you got close to that as well, we'll do one last step in here 191 191 00:10:54,530 --> 00:10:59,840 and that is jump back into Unity, have a look at an update that we should now see. 192 192 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:05,230 If we click on any of these asset files, our scriptable object files here, 193 193 00:11:05,230 --> 00:11:07,960 we can see that we now have a field called nextState. 194 194 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:09,870 It says size zero. 195 195 00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:12,180 This is our array in here. 196 196 00:11:12,180 --> 00:11:15,935 And because we've create it as a serialized array, that means we can 197 197 00:11:15,935 --> 00:11:20,012 dynamically add, just by dragging and dropping we can add into our array, 198 198 00:11:20,012 --> 00:11:23,532 we don't need to define all the different aspects of our array. 199 199 00:11:23,532 --> 00:11:29,940 In our code, we can define the aspects of our array straight here in the inspector. 200 200 00:11:29,940 --> 00:11:33,870 Now, the size we can say is four, for example, and 201 201 00:11:33,870 --> 00:11:36,440 that will mean we're looking for four elements. 202 202 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:40,520 Four elements of our array that will be the next state. 203 203 00:11:40,520 --> 00:11:42,050 We know we have 2. 204 204 00:11:42,050 --> 00:11:43,670 So, we can tie in here 2. 205 205 00:11:43,670 --> 00:11:46,820 That will give us 2, element 0 and element 1. 206 206 00:11:46,820 --> 00:11:51,500 Room 1 we drag into element 0 and Room 2 we drag into element 1. 207 207 00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:55,343 Again, we could click on the selector and then we can choose Room 1 and or 208 208 00:11:55,343 --> 00:11:56,510 2 from there. 209 209 00:11:56,510 --> 00:12:01,970 Now, another even easier way to do this, I'm just going to change this back to 0. 210 210 00:12:01,970 --> 00:12:05,190 While clicking on startingState I can come up to the inspector. 211 211 00:12:05,190 --> 00:12:08,080 There's a little lump, very little lump up in the top right here. 212 212 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:12,800 If you click on that, that will lock the inspector so no matter what else I click 213 213 00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:17,630 on, the inspector will remain locked to the startingState. 214 214 00:12:17,630 --> 00:12:21,180 That'll allow me to easily click on things without bouncing and 215 215 00:12:21,180 --> 00:12:22,300 going to a different location. 216 216 00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:23,960 If I had the lock off and I'm like okay cool. 217 217 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:25,930 Now I wanna grab Room 2. 218 218 00:12:25,930 --> 00:12:28,710 Whoops, now I'm on room two on the inspector, and 219 219 00:12:28,710 --> 00:12:32,590 I want to stay the inspector on starting state. 220 220 00:12:32,590 --> 00:12:37,070 So, while that lock is on, I can click on Room 1, hold down Shift, Room 2, 221 221 00:12:37,070 --> 00:12:40,180 drag both of those over to where it says nextStates. 222 222 00:12:40,180 --> 00:12:43,620 Let go and it will automatically size it to 2. 223 223 00:12:43,620 --> 00:12:45,690 And add those two elements into my array. 224 224 00:12:45,690 --> 00:12:47,270 This is pretty handy, if you have lots and 225 225 00:12:47,270 --> 00:12:49,240 lots of things that you want to add to an array. 226 226 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:50,591 You can just go [SOUND] in one spot, and 227 227 00:12:50,591 --> 00:12:52,210 you don't have to select them one at a time. 228 228 00:12:52,210 --> 00:12:54,971 Make sure you unlock the inspector, so 229 229 00:12:54,971 --> 00:13:00,185 that we don't accidentally stay on on that locked on that asset fall. 230 230 00:13:00,185 --> 00:13:05,205 Now we can have a look here, and we have our story in our startingState. 231 231 00:13:05,205 --> 00:13:08,335 We have our nextState that we are going to go to using our array. 232 232 00:13:08,335 --> 00:13:12,878 And in the next video, we're going to call the method that we've just 233 233 00:13:12,878 --> 00:13:17,344 created our get next stage method, and we are going to give the player 234 234 00:13:17,344 --> 00:13:21,580 the option of going to the nextState or the next part of our story. 235 235 00:13:21,580 --> 00:13:22,830 So great work in this video. 236 236 00:13:22,830 --> 00:13:23,770 Well done. 237 237 00:13:23,770 --> 00:13:25,540 Hopefully arrays is making sense. 238 238 00:13:25,540 --> 00:13:28,490 Again, we will be using these things over and over through out this course, so 239 239 00:13:28,490 --> 00:13:32,230 if it's only just settling in a little bit into your head, no problem. 240 240 00:13:32,230 --> 00:13:35,300 This will get crystal clear the longer we go through out this course, and 241 241 00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:36,610 more we work through the contents. 242 242 00:13:36,610 --> 00:13:38,400 So great work, I'll see you in the next video. 23863