All language subtitles for Obyknovennyy Fashizm

Mosfilm

Film Studio 3

Ordinary fascism

The documentary uses trophy
documentary footage from the Film
Archive

of the German Ministry of Propaganda and
the personal photo archive of Adolf Hitler,

and also a variety of amateur photos taken
by Nazi officials and soldiers.

Ordinary Fascism

In our documentary, we certainly do not
intend to cover all aspects of such a
complex phenomenon as fascism.

This is simply impossible within the
constraints of a single documentary.

It is also impossible because many
important aspects of fascism were never
filmed, thus leaving no documentary
evidence.

From a vast amount of materials, we simply
selected those that impressed us the most
and those that,

in our opinion, allow us together with our
audience to ponder over this
phenomenon.

Chapter One

A merry cat.

A hungry cat.

A sly cat.

A bear.

An unhappy lion in the zoo.

Right from their first word and their first
step, children feel the need for creative
expression.

And how different these children are.

They contemplate the world and try to
express it any way they can.

A construction site.

The first snow.

A stadium.

The 20th century.

The 21 st century.

These people do not realize that we are
filming them...

...and, to a certain degree, we feel sorry for
this.

We came to one of Moscow's universities
during the entrance exams,

set up our camera in the yard and tried to
observe,

without being noticed, how people await
the results of the exams,

how differently they behaved and
expressed their innermost feelings.

Well, it is common knowledge that one has
to wear one's oldest pair of shoes during
the exams...

...and, of course, having a haircut on the
eve of the exam bodes certain failure.

And here is the announcement of the
results.

How amazingly diverse human beings are.

And someone is waiting for these people.

I think someone is.

Although the waiting can be different, as
well.

Probably, only love can make people
resemble each other in some way.

This is Moscow.

And here is Warsaw.

There are many people down below,

and all of them have their own personal
perception of the surrounding world,

and every one is a human being.

For every mother, her child is the best in
the world.

For every child, his mother is the best, the
most beautiful and unique.

"My mother is the most beautiful woman"
is the title of this series of children's
drawings.

My mother is a ballet dancer.

And my mother is a singer.

For this kid from Berlin, his Mom is the
most beautiful woman,

whereas for this kid from Moscow, his Mom
is the best.

"Deutchland uber alles" is written on this
post.

Germany is more important than anything.

Germany is above all.

Today, new museums replace former
concentration camps in Europe.

Wooden barracks have long been burnt
down; only ruined chimneys jut out from
the grass.

Skeletons of brick buildings are overgrown
with weeds and wild flowers.

We can enter this building.

The smell of human bodies has been gone
for decades.

Thousands died here.

And now the visitors leave their
inscriptions on the walls, as they do
everywhere.

These freshly painted furnaces cooled off a
long time ago,

and the bathtub built for the commandant
of the crematorium right next to them is
now useless.

Tons of women's hair lie behind a special
protective glass.

Matted and tightly packed, it does not look
like human hair anymore.

There are thousands of prosthetic devices
behind the glass.

There are children's chamber-pots in a
huge bunker.

Mothers who came here with their kids
thought they would live here.

This neat mound is piled up from ashes and
withered bones of a million of people.

Certainly, those are human beings too.

Well, they think they are.

And this is a crowd, the masses, as Hitler
used to call it.

A crowd.

Here, an individual carries no worth.

The strength is in numbers - dozens,
hundreds of thousands, millions.

One chair was left for the Fuehrer.

Just one. Just for him.

He is going to sit down now.

He sat.

Chapter Two. "Mein Kampf" or how to treat
calf's hides.

At approximately the same time a unique
copy of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf,

the bible of German Fascism, was printed
in an ancient German city.

Calves of the best German breed were
chosen for the cover.

They were skinned,

and the hides were tanned on ancient
machines.

Here you see a tanning machine built in the
1 8th century.

Masters, who underwent background
checks as far as ten generations

made an especially durable parchment
from these hides.

A team of calligraphy experts re-wrote the
book by hand, using special ink,

unique quills and a unique typeface,

which had been approved by dozens of
officials.

This footage is taken from a Kulturfilm
called "Buch der Deutschen".

You can hear the voice of the announcer.

It is a long film, and, of course, we could
show you only a small portion of it.

As to the content of the book, it is a pity
that people did not read it carefully.

If the Germans had studied it thoroughly,

the fate of Germany might have been
different.

A team of mine workers descended an old
German mine and extracted ore.

The ore was smelted in special kilns.

Binder plates were made out of the ore.

These were stainless, refractory steel
plates.

Here, they are being forged.

Now they are going to be affixed,

and the book will be ready.

It is supposed to last for a thousand years
in a perfect condition, without getting
tarnished or rusty,

because the Reich of Adolf Hitler, the Third
Reich was supposed to last for a thousand
years.

Now, the book is going to be placed in a
special sarcophagus.

Here.

Later, it will be buried in a special
mausoleum.

Chapter Three. A few words about the
author.

Adolf Hitler was known to the police since
1 91 2.

Here is his police record card.

A son of a petty bureaucrat and a mediocre
painter,

he reached the rank of corporal during
World War I.

After the war, he became a paid
Reichswehr informer.

A frequent customer of beer halls, he was
sent as a spy...

...to the national-socialist German Worker's
Party formed shortly after the war.

You can judge by yourself to what extend it
can be called a socialist and worker's
party...

...while watching this old newsreel
showing a procession of party activists and
those who reviewed the parade.

Hitler liked the party, though.

He signed up under Number 7 and set
upon a task of becoming a Number One.

A petty bourgeois, an ordinary citizen, he
understood very well the mentality of the
masses.

A skillful demagogue, he soon became the
principal speaker for the party...

...and was later to become the Fuehrer of
the Nazi party.

By then, young men in uniform and
swastika signs had started to appear on
the streets of German towns.

Storm troopers - the backbone of the party
- are marching here.

The ranks of storm troopers were formed
from petty bourgeoisie

(here goes a butcher, and there is a baker),

from petty officials and lumpen proletariat.

Party officials did not mind recruiting even
common criminals.

As Hitler once said:

"I need people with strong fists...

...whose principles will not prevent them
from taking human life if necessary."

Here you see these people with strong
fists.

"And if on occasion they swipe a watch or a
jewel, I don't care a tinker's damn."

Commoners peered at this new party and
new uniforms with open interest.

They were impressed by the music bands,
uniforms and swastikas.

Initially, Hitler lacked the appearance of a
leader.

You will see it now.

But he practiced, and practiced hard.

Here, you see him practicing his speech in
front of a mirror.

Those are pictures from a photo album
kept by his personal photographer.

And now you will see how he applies his
skills in practice.

He delivered speeches frequently and
promised a lot.

He promised prosperity for everyone,
promised to return German lands annexed
by the Treaty of Versailles.

He promised tenants lower rents, and
landlords the opportunity to raise rents.

He promised department store owners that
he would eliminate competition,

and owners of small shops that he would
destroy department stores.

In short, he was scattering promises
generously to left and right.

"Sieg Heil!"

Rallies and parades of storm troopers were
becoming more and more immense in
scale.

They cost a lot of money,

although the party received generous
subsidies from unknown sources.

For instance, at one of the rallies, the
participants consumed about a million or a
million and two hundred thousand
sausages.

And in 1934, the amount of sausages
consumed reached two and a half million
per rally.

The connection with the Reichswehr is
seen in every frame.

Great importance was attached to
traditions and uniforms -

starting from the ritual of banner
consecration. Just look at Hitler's face.

He certainly"grew up,"figuratively
speaking.

Parades in the cities assumed frightening
proportions and resembled state
ceremonies,

although the future Nazi party did not yet
hold the reigns of power.

In order to seize this power, the fascists
needed Hindenburg. Here he is.

An old Imperial General, a close supporter
of Kaiser Wilhelm II,

Hindenburg became President of German
republic by a twist of fate.

Respect for the institution of the Kaiser
and a thirst for revenge played an
important role.

He probably did not even realize what the
notion "republic" meant,

but...Sorry, it seems he is lost...Ah, that's
all right, he is going to find the way...
There he goes...

He did it!

So, I was saying that probably did not even
know what the republic was; but
nevertheless, he became its president.

An old aristocrat, he despised Hitler and
called him a corporal.

However, in 1 933, he received a letter from
a group of the most influential German
industrialists, the owners of monopolies.

To the letter was attached two billion
German marks,

and those two billion demanded that
Hindenburg appointed Hitler to the post of
German Reichschancellor.

Large business needed a dictator.

Hindenburg did not want to appoint Hitler,

but two billion marks...

You will see now how he parts with twenty
pfennig and understand what two billion
marks meant to him.

There it goes!

Gone!

He meticulously closes his wallet.

Nevertheless, he appointed Hitler as
Reichschancellor.

Hitler was greeted with the fascist salute.

Later Hitler stated, "We managed to
persuade the old man in three weeks.

He thanked Hindenburg in kind.

And now Hitler is finally in his office.

In the beginning, he maintains a collegiate
attitude; he even refuses to be the first to
sit down and offers a seat to his colleagues.

The members of his Cabinet included
Goering, von Papen, von Blomberg, Frick,
Hugenberg - his party comrades and large
industrialists.

Hitler sits down.

From that moment, the fate of Germany
took a drastic turn.

Chapter Four. Meanwhile...

Chapter Four. Meanwhile...

Let's see find out what interested western
moviemakers during that period,

the years of Hitler's rise to power.

This is video footage from the World In
Review newsreel.

Here is the King of England.

He was, incidentally, a cousin of Nicolas II.
As you can see, he was still alive and
kicking then.

And here is the former King of Spain. He
was also filmed.

Look at his face. Does it strike you as a face
of an intellectual person?

The King of Norway apparently attending a
ship launching ceremony.

The Dutch Queen descends a ladder
accompanying her own yacht.

The Swedish King plays tennis.

Not bad for a man of his age.

Former German Emperor Wilhelm II.

He feeds ducks.

France, Briand.

Hero of World War I Clemenceau,
nicknamed The Tiger.

French President Lebrun with his family.

Important political figures in the West
assumed that after coming to power Hitler
would introduce a moderate policy.

Look at this man!

None of the European rulers could imagine
the role this man would play in their
destinies.

Hitler and his entourage visit an opera
theater.

This event is also considered important
enough to be included in the newsreel.

A short speech honoring Hindenburg.

A seal. It slightly resembles Hindenburg.

However, seals are not included in the
footage just because of that.

They are shown here simply because
viewers had been always fascinated by the
fact that animals often behave like human
beings.

So, here they are, appearing in the same
program as royalty and Hitler.

The 20th century continued its course.

It was only the end of its first third.

The population of the planet had barely
surpassed two billion.

This car race reduced it a fraction.

It is not 1 964. It is 1934.

Looks the same, though.

And here is another phenomenon of the
20th century.

Cab Calloway - famous jazz singer, the
legend of the 1930s.

And here is the trendiest song of the 1930s.

It was performed in all world capitals.

This is New York.

It is either London, or Paris.

Everything looked normal.

Only Marlene Dietrich refused to return to
Germany.

For political reasons. She is giving an
interview.

Meanwhile, she is working as a model in
Hollywood waiting for her lucky break.

And there is a Venus Measurement contest
nearby.

Sorry, you are not quite a Venus type.

Well, that is more like it!

These"Venuses" earn their living by
"alternative" methods, so to speak.

After all, they need to eat somehow.

New York, of course.

Even this evokes the 20th century.

And that, too.

Police practicing on dummies - a great
show!

The reality is almost the same, though.

And here is London.

There were particular causes of street
disturbances here.

The focus is the leader of British fascists -
Oswald Mosley -

here he walks in the middle, here, near the
sign, this is Mosley.

He heads to a meeting. He plans to deliver
a speech.

The Londoners are trying to beat him up.
The police have to come to his rescue.

Marseilles.

King Alexander of Yugoslavia arrives in
France by invitation of the French Foreign
Minister Barthou.

Mr. Barthou feared Germany.

He was a proponent of closer ties with the
Soviet Union...

...and tried to establish friendly relations
with Balkan states, as well.

Both Barthou and King Alexander were
assassinated in the car.

The killer was killed at the scene, killed by
the police.

This assassination bears a striking
resemblance to the Kennedy assassination.

Later, it was revealed that the
assassination was plotted by Berlin,

although nobody knew it then.

Pierre Laval became Barthou's successor.

He favored Germany. He was later charged
with treason.

The French policy drastically changed,
though.

Well, let us go back to Germany, though,
and see what is going on there.

Chapter Five.
The Culture of the Third Reich.
"Any corporal can become a teacher; not
every teacher can become a corporal,
though."Adolf Hitler

Chapter Five.
The Culture of the Third Reich.
"Any corporal can become a teacher; not
every teacher can become a corporal,
though."Adolf Hitler

These torch-marches - Fackelzuge -
continued for three days in a row after
Hitler's coming to power.

I look at this river of fire and try to
understand the real,

deep meaning behind these fire shows.

Certainly, they demonstrated the might of
the new order; they frightened and excited
simple souls.

Although, I think their major purpose was
to turn a human being into a beast...

...in a course of a solemn ceremony,

so that while being dehumanized, people
would feel like they were becoming heroes.

And we all know too well that the Third
Reich desperately needed barbarians
ready for anything.

Germany needed barbarians primarily to
destroy anything that stood in the way of
Nazism.

Communists were the first targets.

They were sent to concentration camps and
prisons.

Then came the turn of social-democrats,

union leaders, labor activists,

editors of magazines, newspapers, radio
stations

- all those who dared to think differently
from Hitler.

I look at this fiery swastika...

...and cannot but wonder how could it
happen that in Germany,

a country with great cultural traditions, a
mass of semi-literate,

self-complacent and narrow-minded
people that made every effort to turn
human beings into raging barbarians had
come to power.

They are burning books.

At that time, books were burnt in the yards
of all universities.

Goebbels addressed crowds in front of the
Berlin University.

He delivered exultant and elaborate
speeches.

He spoke of the triumph of German spirit,
of the new German culture.

Meanwhile, students, together with
Goebbels' SS troopers,

threw books onto bonfires.

Which books do you think were burnt?

Those authored by Tolstoy and
Mayakovsky, Voltaire and Anatole France,

Romain Rolland and Jack London.

Goebells kept speaking and they kept
burning books written by the best German
authors:

Heine, Thomas and Heinrich Mann,
Feuchtwanger, Remarque, Berthold Brecht,

and, of course, works of Marx, Engels and
Lenin.

They burnt the works of the greatest
non-Arian scientists.

Pearls of human thought were consumed
by fire.

So, what was left in the end?

That's what was left.

Here is how the German Academy of
Sciences gradually began to appear.

Goebbels again is making a speech. He is
presenting the new president of the
Academy, Seyss-Inquart.

He is given a document confirming his
authority as president.

Seyss-Inquart - the Gauleiter of Austria, a
common murderer in short, is delivering
his inauguration address.

Pay attention to the listening crowd. Quite
an interesting bunch...

And here is the Academy of Law.

Frank is speaking.

The crowd looks strikingly familiar.

The Academy of Law, incidentally, passed a
resolution establishing that the love to
Fuehrer is a legal notion;

therefore, those who dislike him could be
prosecuted according to the Criminal Code.

And here is a meeting of large farm
owners. Do not confuse this with the
meeting of the Academy of Law.

The Agricultural Minister Walter Darre is
speaking.

In attendance is the farmer elite of the new
type,

the so-called "ploughmen" of the Third
Reich.

And here is the command of the Empire.

Please, meet Mr. Hitler.

We could not find a single person person
wearing civilian clothes among the crowd,

or at least a coat or a hat.

Chapter Six. The great nationalist idea in
action.

Hitler once stated,

"If someone finds a scull somewhere, do not
say it belongs to our ancestors.

I insist that Neanderthal was not our
ancestor.

We descend directly from the Ancient
Greeks."

In general, scull proportions were an
integral part of the Nazi racial theory.

Here you see a lecturer.

He shows the world map with the locations
of areas where the "right sculls" reside,

those of the Nordic type, pure Aryan, pure
German.

He holds the right scull in one hand, and
the wrong one - in another.

One hand holds the Nordic scull, and
another - a non-Nordic scull.

These are people with the right kind of
scull. This one.

And this one.

And that one.

Here is an entire row with the right kind of
scull.

And here is the wrong kind of scull -
Alexander Pushkin, a Slav with mixture of
Negro blood.

Or Leo Tolstoy, for instance. He has the
wrong kind of scull, too.

Karl Marx is certainly out of the question.

And Anton Chekhov.

And Mayakovsky.

Einstein's scull is even less appropriate,
can't you see?

And here we finally have a man with the
right scull - Martin Bormann.

They say he is still hiding his scull
somewhere in the Argentinean selva.

Or Ernst Roehm, for instance. Such a nice
scull.

Julius Streicher - the main Nazi "preacher"
of racism, obscurantism and anti-semitism.

He probably also believes his scull has the
perfect proportions.

This is Die Deutsche Wochenschau
newsreel edition of the Nazi period.

We found it in the Goebbels'archives.

The announcer says, "Look at the Jews
dividing the Soviet riches among
themselves."

And whom do you think we see? It is
Alexander Dovzhenko giving the Stalin
Award to Ivan Pyryev.

Do you hear the announcer? Right now.

And here is Pirogov.

Serafimovich.

This trick is characteristic of Goebbels'
propaganda methods.

Here is Tarkhanov.

Meanwhile, Streicher continues with his
speech.

He demands that Germany should be rid of
the wrong kind of scull.

So Germany started a meticulous clean-up
operation.

Those with the wrong kind of scull who
were wise enough to flee the country
before it was too late were saved.

See, they have special tags; they leave a
ship somewhere abroad.

The fate of those who did not want or
could not decide to leave was much worse.

Here is footage from a propaganda film
commissioned by the National-Socialist
party.

The film describes a perfect procedure for a
truly Arian marriage.

A doctor asks, "Are documents ready?"-
"They are."

"Is the bride present?"- "She is."- "Then
send her in."

Here are the bride and groom.

The bride enters the doctor's office.

The groom has to wait outside.

He is a bit nervous.

"Freulein,"the doctor says,

"when two young people are joined in
matrimony, they assume a great
responsibility."

We will, however, not translate the doctor's
monologue any further.

We would rather refer to a higher authority
on the subject.

In one of his speeches, Kaltenbrunner
announced,

"We should demand that all married and
single German women who have less than
four children...

...must conceive from men with an
immaculate racial background.

Whether these men are married or not is
irrelevant.

Each family that already has four children
must loan a man for this purpose."

Look at how attentive the bride is.

We are not sure whether the groom is
ready to accept Kaltenbrunner's statement.
Or this new visitor.

Let us continue with the quotes, though.

Once Hitler said, "I wanted to do
something for the local residents of
Berchtesgaden.

The population here is not quite pure
racially, it is rather weak I should say.

However, after a Leibstandart regiment
had been stationed in the area for a year,

many vivacious, healthy and strong kids
appeared in the neighborhood.

We must offer similar help to the
population of Bavaria and Eastern Prussia,

and send elite troops there to enhance the
local breed of the population."

On other occasion, he stated, "Generally
speaking, in a hundred years,

the elite part of the German nation will be
a product of SS activity."

He meant, of course, a special activity,

a highly effective activity, so to speak,
aimed at provoking the reproduction of
purebred Aryan children.

Well, the inquiry and check-up seem to be
over.

Everything is apparently in order. The bride
comes out of the office.

"Many congratulations,"the doctor says.

The groom is exultant. "Thank you, thank
you so much, doctor!"

"Do not thank me,"says the doctor. "Thank
Freulein's ancestors. You can get married
now."

A few years later, during the war,

the Nazis had found another practical way
of exploiting the nationalist idea.

Soldiers going home on leave received a
special sectional cradle. There it is.

Soldiers were supposed to give these
cradles to their women.

They also received an official document
stating that if their girlfriends or wives
became pregnant it would be considered a
patriotic act.

Here is a soldier equipped with a cradle.

Himmler even issued a special directive, an
elaborate directive.

It basically ordered women to submit to
the sexual advances of soldiers.

This woman, as you can see, followed the
order.

Here, the officials came to her apartment
with a bouquet of flowers.

They are going to give her a certificate
(look, he is going to take it from his
pocket).

The certificate confirms that both the
woman and the baby are authentic Aryans.

They called such babies"Gifts from the
Fuehrer."

However, let jump back several years.

In the 1 930s, the so-called "mass
processions" became very popular in
Germany.

The processions, apparently, were meant
to prove that 2,000 years of German
history were only a prelude to the Third
Reich.

It appears that fascism starts with a certain
nationalist self-importance,

when people start to believe that they are
better than others just because they are
Germans.

Looking at these peaceful parades, it is
hard to imagine, though, that they were a
prelude to the extermination of other
nations.

Unfortunately, that's what it was.

Let us have another look into the future.

What you see is the report of Warsaw police
chief Jurgen Stroop

dealing with the destruction of the Warsaw
Jewish ghetto.

To prove the authenticity and correctness
of the report, it was accompanied by these
pictures,

of people who had been singled out for
elimination and had been eliminated,
down to the last person.

This picture was attached to the report.

These people are ready to die.

They are waiting for a shot.

They are waiting.

The report is signed, "Brigadenfuehrer,
Major General of Police Jurgen Stroop."

Chapter Seven. Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein
Feuhrer.

"One people, one Reich, one Feuhrer,"
referring to the unity of the nation.

In order to demonstrate this unity, the
whole of Germany would on certain days
eat soup at charity soup kitchens.

It was part of the Winter Aid campaign.

Germany ate soup to the marches played
by military bands.

Ein Topf - a pot.

Huge vats, soup and coins disappearing
through the slot in a tin box. Just Like that.

It was not just about coins and soup
though.

It was all for the sake of showing loyalty to
the regime.

You shared soup with the crowd and
therefore exhibited solidarity with the
events organized by the Nazi party and
governments.

As simple as that -just eat soup and drop a
few coins.

Charity soup events were common even at
the chambers of the Reich.

The crowd here was more refined, though.

Even Hitler attended the eating ceremony.

Yet I doubt he ate the soup because he was
a vegetarian, strange as it might seem.

Nevertheless, he did dole out coins.

Here, he puts one in, and now, maybe a
second.

Let's wait and see. Definitely worth
waiting.

Still waiting.

Well, too bad, cannot wait any longer, but
that's all right.

Swaying is also a peculiar symbol of unity.
It is an old German tradition, though.

There is indeed a feel of a common action
in swaying.

Besides, it helped the commoners to cast
away the anxiety that, probably, swept
over them once in a while.

You swayed with a group of other people,
and immediately felt better.

Swaying took place on a massive scale in
those years.

To demonstrate unity, the party leaders -
here is Goering - frequently attended
public festivities.

Archery competitions are a tradition in
Germany.

Goering shoots.

Goering hits the target. I do not know how
he fared in real life, but in the film he
scored highly.

He is served a traditional mug of beer.

Where you want it or not, you have to drink
it. For the sake of solidarity.

Heil!, the Reichsmarshal drinks beer!

He finishes the mug and wipes his mouth
with the back of his hand, just like the rest
of common folk to show again solidarity
with people.

And here is real solidarity - Goering again
but this time with Krupp von Bohlen und
Halbach -

yes, the one who was commonly known as
the king of guns, the king of tanks, the
king of everything that kills.

On the anniversary of Krupp's industrial
empire, the entire Nazi ruling elite paid a
visit to this industrial mogul.

The Nazi leaders promised to hold back the
greedy German capital once.

Now, they are queuing for a handshake.

Himmler, the Gestapo chief is in the line, as
well. Here comes his turn, finally. He
obviously does not hold back this time.

A short embrace. Another one.

These celebrations clearly showed the real
essence of the economic program of Nazi
Germany

(this is Hess, Hitler's deputy in the Nazi
party leadership).

Here is the Krupp family.

Krupp junior - the owner of Krupp
industries in today's Germany will appear
in an minute from the right.

The speaker is Krupp senior, the father.

Aren't you curious as to how he is going to
end the speech? Krupp's speech.

"Heil Hitler!"- that's how he ends it.

And here is another exhibition of
solidarity, this time - on the basis of
Autobahns, or highways.

The construction of highways is not a big
deal, you might say,

but those were strategic highways, the first
steps to war.

Hitler is going to deliver a speech in a
moment.

He will do it in his usual excitably manner.

He starts fairly hesitantly and gradually
works himself up to a crescendo of
shouting and gesticulation.

There we go. He is raging.

He is raging, incidentally, about fairly
mundane matters. We must work, we must
work hard, and we must build highways.

In short, workers - to work! Obviously, one
could have announced the same things in a
much calmer way.

Yet his style appealed to the public.

Achtung! Fuehrer starts digging. Loose soil
goes down from a special car.

Let's roll back the frame. Look at this man
behind Hitler.

Here we go.

Like this.

And like that.

And like that.

Goering opens the construction of the
second highway,

Rudolf Hess - the third.

A fuehrer of a lower rank opens the
construction of a smaller highway.

He does not look too excited about
digging, does he?

Am I done, yet! Thank Goodness, I can go
now!

Here is an industrial exhibition.

It clearly demonstrates where Germany
was heading.

Submarines.

Tanks.

Planes. Bombs. And a portrait of Fuehrer
hanging above it all.

Chapter Eight. About myself.

Chapter Eight. About myself.

"My mother was an ordinary woman, but
she gave Germany an extraordinary son."
Adolf Hitler.

My uniform cap en face.

My uniform cap half-face.

I am against a mountain background.

I am against a sea background.

I am with a squirrel.

I am with a girl.

I am with lions.

And here I am with my fans.

This is my birthday cake.

The bakers were searched, just in case.

Here is another present.

Socks that German women knitted
specially for me.

"Me and Siegfried"- a painting by an
unknown author.

A pity, I am peeking from under his armpit.
I would prefer the other way round.

I am in a good mood.

I am in a bad mood. I Cannot remember
what was wrong.

Here I am in a good mood again. Mussolini
is in the background, but you do not have
to pay attention to him for now.

Wow! An autograph! Well, there is always
an obliging back available.

I crossed my arms over my chest.

Later, I found a better place to stick them.

A rare occasion - I am wearing a tuxedo
while reviewing the guards of honor
detachment.

The tailor was paid in kind. True, the fit is
perfect!

I am going to leave now.

I am delivering a speech.

By the way, in this speech, Hitler
announced that he had achieved
everything in his life, imagine, by pure
dedication and hard work.

He complained about the hard times he
went through in his childhood and youth,
including even starvation, but,
nevertheless,

he had stubbornly pursued his glorious
goal, had overcome"unimaginable"
obstacles and had finally reached it.

"No, it was not intelligentsia that gave me
strength,"

Hitler continued and stated that he had
always found support among the workers
and peasants.

No wonder, it was the 20th century; who
else he could lean on, after all?

Even Erhard had to count on workers and
peasants.

Hitler delivered a great variety of
speeches.

They are all rather banal in terms of
context, but he certainly delivered them
with a lot of fanfare.

In addition, all his conversations at various
events have been recorded. It is a true
treasure-trove of"wisdom."

Hitler stated that only the Germans
represent a true nation of rulers called
upon to dominate the entire world.

In his opinion, Slavs were the innate race of
slaves;

it was necessary to eliminate the majority
of Russians and the remaining ones should
not be educated.

Ukrainians should wear beads, like all
colonized nations;

Arabs were"lacquered monkeys," Italians
were lazy

and there was only one decent person
among Romanians - Antonescu, for that
matter.

Switzerland was a "pimple on the face of
Europe,"

and if the Swiss-germans had not shown
such strength of spirit, it should have been
eliminated as well.

"In general," Hitler announced, "I alone have
the right to decide which nation will exist
and which nation must be exterminated."

For instance, in this speech, Hitler said,

"Some people claim: the Fuehrer is "a Gift
of God", but the party is something else."

"No, my friends,"he continued, "I am the
party."

The announcement provoked an
overwhelming response and he had to wait
for the loud applause to subside.

"And as long as I am part of the Party,"
Hitler continued,

"the Party is part of me."

Just think about it - the Nazi party is part
of Adolf Hitler himself.

It is a pity he was not specific about what
part he was talking about.

He concluded his speech in the following
manner,

"And if I ever die, my spirit will live
forever!"

"Sieg Heil!"

Many great historical figures had a habit of
keeping their arms crossed.

Yet Hitler finally discovered another place
to keep them

- to put it delicately - below his waist.

He stubbornly kept them in this position.

If his right hand was occupied, he would
put his left arm there.

People started to imitate his gesture.

The number of imitators was growing.

The first to follow Hitler's example was
chief of the Gestapo Himmler.

Hitler used to call him "my loyal Heinrich."

It was more difficult for Goering because of
his beer-belly.

But Roehm and Hess also followed this
example.

Hess is on the right, Roehm is on the left.

Roehm was the commander of storm
troopers and one of Hitler's closest
supporters.

However, during one parade of storm
troopers, he made a grave mistake.

Hitler invited him to join him in the car, just
to be polite, but Roehm took it seriously
and jumped in the car.

Apparently, he did not read Mein Kampf
thoroughly.

In the book, Hitler clearly stated that the
party must have a single leader, not two.

Besides, Roehm certainly did not hold any
great popularity among the military brass
who feared the storm troopers.

In short, they had to shoot him, and Hitler's
personal photographer had to spoil several
photos.

Well, enough about Hitler.

Why do we keep talking about him? We
should say a few words about Mussolini,
instead. Here he is.

After all, he was Hitler's predecessor and
the word "fascism" has Italian origins.

Mussolini had invented this gesture, and
Hitler simply mimicked it.

Mussolini was the first to swing a pickaxe
while digging ground,

and Hitler just followed suit with a shovel.

And, of course, Mussolini sometimes could
handle a threshing machine, and Hitler
simply would never dare to attempt such a
feat.

As for self-promotion (you can see DUCE
written everywhere.

Il Duce in Italian means the Leader, the
Fuehrer)

...So, as to self-promotion. Mussolini
surpassed even Hitler himself.

You could not find such a giant wall in the
Third Reich.

Mussolini's torch marches, in contrast,
were poorly organized, though.

It seems as if they are going to set the
whole of Rome on fire.

Hitler once commented that Mussolini was
undoubtedly a descendant of Caesar.

Maybe so.

Look there, in the background. His portrait
will to appear over the crowd in a second.
Pretty amusing, isn't it?

And here is the Duce delivering a speech.

His gestures, his facial expressions are
rather peculiar.

Just look at him. What is curious, though, is
the fact that the right side of the picture is
blackened out.

Apparently, there is someone there who
irritates Mussolini,

and the Nazi filmmakers decided to cover
that part of the picture.

It is probably Victor Immanuel, the Italian
king.

Mussolini despised him for being short,
and in general disliked and envied.

Look.

The content of the speech is irrelevant.

You must see his face rather than listen to
what he is saying.

Look at the Duce.

His facial expressions are rather funny.

Great stuff!

He is great, isn't he?

There!

And here he definitely shows some
similarities with Hitler.

All right, we are done with Mussolini.

We are going to show you some of his
sculptures, instead.

Besides, we move to the topic of Nazi art.

Chapter Nine. Nazi Art.
"Once in a while we should wag a finger at
our actors and artists"Adolf Hitler.

You might think it is another parade. You
are wrong.

It is Hitler attending an exhibition of
sculpture and fine art.

Incidentally, Hitler chose the artwork for
the exhibition himself.

Look closely at the face of this soldier.

Here is Hitler again.

And again.

And again.

At least some space left for Goering.

"What can I do?"the statue seems to
complain.

And here is what was not shown at the
exhibition, and actually could not be
shown.

This is the art studio of Joseph Torak, the
leading sculptor of the Third Reich.

Hitler once said, "When we walk
representatives of conquered peoples
through Berlin,

they must be both impressed and
dispirited by the grandeur of our
monuments."

True, there is certainly a lot of material
here.

Huge bundles of muscle and the total
absence of thought.

Only horses represent the animal world.

And here is a special case - a monument to
a warrior-conqueror.

Such monuments, 30-meters high, were
supposed to be installed along the borders
of the New Reich -

in the Urals, at the White Sea, at the Black
Sea, and in the Caucasus.

The statue of a slave - that was our destiny
- has been carved, as well.

And here is the sculptured head of a
conqueror. Do not expect mercy from
someone like that.

Let us move to literature, though.

Goethe and Schiller between two
swastikas.

A book fair was held in this house in
Weimar.

Goebbels was among the visitors. Of
course, his books were assigned a special
place.

A lot of work went into it.

The author is pleased.

As to the contents of other sections of the
book fair, you can judge by these stands.

Hitler is here. Hitler is there.

Hitler is in Italy. Hitler is at his birthplace.
Just like that.

And here are the writers.They are led by a
moderate protection detail to breakfast.

The food is pretty good.

As to writers themselves, well, do not ask
for more - what's left, is left.

Later, they listen to Goebbels' instructions
- what to write and how to write.

They take note. They discuss their creative
plans.

And this is the world of performing arts,
theater and cinema.

After all, common people need to relax
once in a while, enjoy the"beautiful life."

Nice, very nice.

The difference between these girls and,
let's say, American girls, or French and
British girls

is the size of their thighs.

The girls of the Third Reich had to have
robust thighs.

And here is Marika Roekk - the superstar of
German cinema.

A little bit of sex.

After all, the life of common citizens of the
Third Reich was not easy;

they had to work hard and put in long
hours;

there was shortage of food supplies.

Goering insisted that butter was fattening
and had to be replaced by something else
in daily rations.

Here is a decent replacement for you.

And people loved it! They still love it.

I am afraid people will always love it.

A comic duet.

The size of the thighs is the same,
standard.

This standard is different, though.

This is a vamp, and a vamp must be skinny
by definition.

You fantasize about her, and go back to
your official wife and boring job.

Yet this performance was considered the
most important type of art in the Third
Reich.

A parade - that was the true form of art.

It is here where imagination could really let
fly and creative inspiration brought
excellent results.

It became immensely popular among
masses.

Here is a first-class solo performer!

Just look at the inspired performance of
this virtuoso.

Guess, who this man is. It is von
Richthofen, the commander of the Condor
Legion.

It was he who bombed Guernika, Madrid,
and later - Stalingrad.

Bravo! Encore!

End of Part I

Part Two

Chapter Ten."We belong to you..."

Let's take a short break from this bloody
show and have a look at the children of the
Third Reich.

Nice little kids.

They play. They listen to an old
street-organ.

It doesn't matter if the street-organ plays
the official Nazi hymn - the Horst Wessel

- after all, children cannot recognize it for
what it is.

The sun.

A woman.

Dad and Mom.

A trumpet and drums. Boys always liked to
draw soldiers: a bayonet, a rifle, a knife, a
tank, a swastika.

This is a school. The first exercise in
handwriting -"Heil Hitler".

Apparently, the education must start with
this phrase.

Another line -"Storm troopers are
marching. We salute the standard."

And here is a notable verse dedicated to
the Fuehrer's birthday,

"You are where German hearts beat more
ardently,

where German hands work harder, where
German children laugh with happiness.

We give you our hearts, oh Fuehrer!

You are the savior of Germany.

You are the hope.You are the loyalty.You
are the love.You are the faith.

I love you with all my heart and I want to
belong to you.

I want to serve you every day and every
hour as a loyal warrior and a brave soldier.

A footnote - "Not to read, but to learn by
heart."

It is time now to learn how to stand at
attention,

how to eye him with admiration,

how to take in his every word...

...because he is going to address the
German youth in a moment.

What does he want from the German youth
after all?

The German youth must be strong and
agile;

resilient as leather, fast as a hound and
sturdy as Krupp's steel.

That's all for now. And children are
delighted.

The phrase"We belong to you" is laid out
with children's bodies.

They do not realize yet that it is shameful
and wrong to belong to somebody;

even it is the Fuehrer himself.

They look at him with admiration now;

and for many years they will hear every day
and every hour that he is infallible,

that he is always right,

that he is great, he is the savior, the faith,
the hope, the love, and he is very wise.

Hitler used to say,

"A German boy must learn to endure beating
and get used to violence beginning in
childhood."

That's how they are getting used to
violence. Just look at the faces chosen by
the cameraman.

That's how they learn to endure the
beating.

Robert Ley once said,

"At the age of four, we give a child a small
banner, and from then on,

without realizing it, he becomes exposed to
continuous indoctrination,

which lasts till his death."

They must turn into dough,

ready to take any shape.

They must turn into roe.

A crucial moment has come - they are
about to take an oath of loyalty to Adolf
Hitler.

Let us listen to it.

Yesterday, they were still boys; they were
still schoolchildren.

They have learned by heart all the required
axioms.

They know that Hitler is infallible.

They are ready to die with his name in their
last breath;

they are ready to kill and pillage on his
behalf.

Soldiers were not the only ones to take an
oath, though.

Nurses, office workers, functionaries,
postal and railroad workers - they were all
taking an oath.

Throughout Germany people took an oath
of loyalty to Adolf Hitler

because the entire country had to be
bound by mutual responsibility.

Of course, members of the Nazi party also
took an oath.

It was the shortest of all.

Here is its text, word for word,

"I swear my loyalty to Adolf Hitler,

to him personally and to all superiors he is
going to appoint over me.

I swear to obey implicitly all their orders."

That's it.

There is no mention of Germany, of the
Motherland or the people whatsoever.

You have sworn to obey blindly any orders
of your superiors and now you can put
your hat back on.

In essence, these people swear to become
inhuman.

They willingly abandon the right and the
duty of any human being

- the right and the duty to think, to
rationalize.

Chapter Eleven.There was a different
Germany, though.

Yes, there certainly was a different
Germany.

These people still remember the collapse
of the Kaiser Empire,

the 1 918 German revolution,

a year after the October Revolution in
Russia.

They remember the trucks filled with
armed workers and soldiers,

the throngs of people on the streets, the
rallies.

Karl Liebknecht' speech.

It is so similar to the Russian revolution.

These people so much resemble the
Russian people.

Even the air is filled with a familiar smell -
the smell of freedom.

Yet they remember the outcome of the
revolution.

The murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa
Luxemburg.

The bloody massacres.

They worked.

They had always been working.

The German worker - a great master and a
diligent laborer.

Here they are, in front of our eyes.

They still recall mass demonstrations by
the proletariat during the 1 920s.

They were much younger at the time.

They believed in the socialist future of
Germany.

They took upon the streets

and some of them probably carried similar
posters announcing, "Fascism is hunger
and war,"

and saw Ernst Thaelmann.

Yet local residents still remember the
bloody end of such demonstrations.

The wounded and, occasionally, killed were
brought here.

German proletariat was divided.

It was easy to defeat it that way.

And it was defeated.

And Hitler came out a winner.

No, I do not want to say that the German
nation was blind.

It was deceived.

If you have to live under Hitler, you have to
work hard.

They would do any kind of work, just to
make ends meet.

These are ordinary workers.

Probably, some of them still remember the
last Rot Front demonstration.

The Rot Front organization had already
been banned,

and it was extremely dangerous to come
out on the streets.

How many of these people have lived to
the present?

They have simply vanished, vanished
behind barbed wire.

Still, a different Germany did exist.

Chapter Twelve."The masses should be
treated like a woman."Adolf Hitler

One of the Nazi precepts started with a
phrase,

"You are nothing."

We wanted to find at least some footage of
ordinary people.

We were simply curious about day-to-day
life of German citizens at the time.

Obviously, they did something else other
than shouting "Sieg! Heil!"

Yet among 2 million meters of Nazi
documentary materials,

we managed to find only these rare scenes.

Really, why bother filming ordinary people
if they are nothing.

True, the phrase continued,

"You are nothing. Your people are
everything!"

However, how can one believe that the
people are everything

if an individual representative of the
people is nothing.

And then, the clock strikes.

SS soldiers clad in black rush out onto the
streets.

Something is happening.

Nurses burst out of the building, rushing to
meet him.

Why so many nurses?

Well, it's quite simple - the mass hysteria of
excitement is coming up.

The cameras are rolling - the Fuehrer
arrived.

Now is the time for filming.

So, you are nothing, but your people are
everything.

Hitler liked to call people the masses.

The masses should be treated like a
woman.

And a woman, Hitler used to say, eagerly
succumbs to power.

It is worthless to count on the intellect of
the masses.

It is necessary to appeal to their most basic
instincts.

That's what appeals to their instincts.

A planned incident

- somebody from the crowd brings over
two babies with flowers.

Very touching indeed.

That was a great play on feelings.Time to
move on.

Oops! An unplanned incident. Somebody
brings over the flowers on his own
initiative.

Perfect! Let's go!

Another unplanned incident - a petitioner.
That's all right. A smile.

A bodily search (just in case).

You can go now. Let's continue exercising
influence over the most primitive feelings
of the masses.

"The masses are mentally lazy and
conceited," Hitler had stated and even
written,

"they do not like to read or think.

They must face one enemy and know one
God."

Here is their God.

And then they will follow you

because an individual is nothing,

and together they form the masses, and
masses must be treated as a woman,

and a woman willingly succumbs to power.

"Besides," Hitler said, "the masses need to
be kept in trepidation."

A note to the future candidates for
fuehrers

- with all propaganda means available
today,

it is an affordable and practical way to be
raised to the Heavens while still alive.

Chapter Thirteen."The Fuehrer issued an
order - we carry it out."
"For the sake of the German people, we must
seek wars every fifteen-twenty years."AdoIf
HitIer

The moment had come when Nazism set
about accomplishing its most important
and, possibly, the ultimate task.

It all started in Spain.

"Fuehrer commands, we follow"

This is Poland.

"Fuehrer commands, we follow,"

because we have taken an oath and we are
not allowed to think.

Warsaw is burning.

In the 1 9th century, the great Rodin
created this famous statue - The Thinker.

And ten thousand years ago, an unknown
sculptor carved this thinker...

...that looks as if he were contemplating
the future trying to foresee the things to
come.

This rock painting is about 20 thousand
years old.

Man still dwelled in caves, wore animal
skins,

worked with a stone axe, but he was
already a great artist and a creator.

He appreciated the beauty of lines, the
perfection of form and the expressiveness
of movements.

The paintings on the walls of this cave did
not fade away in 20 thousand years,

although the animals that inhabited Earth
at that time had vanished.

Stone Age man was even familiar with
abstract art.

Let us return to the 20th century.

Is this really an image of modern times?

Is this going to remain as a monument to
our epoch?

To a pilot looking down from the altitude
of his flight, though, these skeletons of the
buildings appear quiet, peaceful and even
beautiful,

and people down below look like ants or
cockroaches; therefore, it does not take too
much courage to rake them with
machine-gun fire.

Yesterday, these people still lived peaceful
lives in their countries, worked, fell in love,
and had dreams.

Now, they are behind barbed wire.

They do not understand where they are
being taken

and what awaits them in the future.

Meanwhile, the war was portrayed as a
joyride.

These merry guys marched across Europe.

They walked, grinning, along the roads of
Belgium, Holland and Denmark.

They stomped on the cobblestone
pavements of Paris boulevards,

marched across the Balkans

and ascended the steps of the ancient
Acropolis like tourists.

The morning of June 22, 1 941 .

On this quiet morning, the Berliners heard
the news of the attack on the Soviet Union.

That morning did not seem to be different
from any other morning;

everything looked ordinary and peaceful.

Nobody could imagine that during those
morning hours the fate of the Third Reich
had been sealed.

And certainly nobody knew that the war
had started several hours ago,

without an official declaration, and that for
several hours the bombs had been raining
on the Soviet soil.

These are Muscovites, our contemporaries.

They sit and think their own thoughts.

They did the same on that day in June

Everything seemed quite ordinary; it felt
good and peaceful.

Instead, that morning left a scar, an open
wound in the lives of each of us.

Some people lost their sons, brothers,
fathers or mothers;

others lost entire families or their houses
were destroyed.Their lives were broken.

Yet for now, they are caught in the present
moment;

they are concerned only about the
immediate reality.

They think, they fall in love, they talk, they
live,

and that is what really matters.

Who are these two?

Or those?

Students, future scientists, chemists, or
rocket-builders?

What are they discussing?

What are these two thinking about?

Why is he so frustrated?

Or this girl.

Is she explaining a complex scientific
problem...

...or giving directions to a country house in
the outskirts of the city?

Or these two.

Maybe they are researchers at an institute
and they are discussing an important issue;

but the little girl simply feels like dancing.

Or maybe these two are ordinary
housewives and they are gossiping about
their nasty neighbor;

but the little girl simply feels like dancing
and she can't wait until the lady who is
talking to her Mom leaves.

Yet her mother is so indulged in the
conversation that she doesn't even notice
that the girl walked away.

Or those three.

Whatever is transpiring between them at
this moment is very important;

they would want so much to have beautiful
lives and keep their friendship forever.

And I wish they had beautiful lives and
remained friends forever.

I wish they did not have to face the
nightmare that befell on us in June 1941,

when the day turned into the night.

Chapter Fourteen. Ordinary Fascism.

A bunch of merry guys marched on Russian
soil.

They seem nice and handsome, and
educated.

They worked.

And rested.

And worked again.

Their names are well known.

Small stacks of photos were found in their
pockets.

The photos captured images of these
soldiers, their wives, mothers, children

...and... these scenes.

They kept these photos together with
pictures of their children and their
mothers.

To what extent a person must be
desensitized so that he can keep such
photos as pleasant memories.

From the personal archives of the chief of
the Gestapo office in Libau (Latvia).

A brother and a sister.

The sister is already naked;

the brother is still undressing. In a minute,
they will cease to exist.

Look at this cheerful fellow and notice
what he is standing next to.

He kept this photo as a little memento.

The L'vov pogrom.

These are photos attached to the official
report.

Yet even in a moment like this, a human
being can remain a human being.

She is a Saint of our century.

They herded people like livestock, and
livestock like people.

The first shipment of food from Ukraine to
Berlin.

The Reich Minister for Food and
Agriculture personally arrived at the train
station to inspect the food supplies.

They even filmed the interior of a food
store to show

how good and comfortable life in the Third
Reich was.

Kraft durch Freude society, which
conducted business in the sphere of
tourism, sports and recreation,

became quite popular during those years.

One of the tourist itineraries included a
tour of the Warsaw ghetto.

This is a bridge leading to the ghetto.

certain death of starvation.

That's amateur footage.

I don't know who filmed these scenes.

And I certainly cannot fathom what kind of
strength or excitement one could draw
from a visit to that ghetto.

Sometimes, older boys managed to escape
from the ghetto to procure some food for
their mothers and sisters.

They often ended up like this.

Yet even in the ghetto, children manifested
their creative inclinations.

If they did not have pencils, they made
paper dolls.

Sadly, these are not paper dolls from the
Warsaw ghetto

- it was razed to the ground. Nothing was
left; even the dust vanished.

These are drawings from another ghetto.

Children drew pictures, remembered the
past

and the past seemed to be very bright
because a child is normally born to be
happy.

They also contemplated the present and
dreamed of leaving the ghetto.

Eventually, they would leave... like this.

Prominent writer and educator Janusz
Korczak volunteered to live in a ghetto and
refused to leave.

He stayed with children until the end

and was taken away on a train similar to
this one.

Until his last breath, he was with the
children, telling them fairy tales.

His body was found in a gas chamber
surrounded by the bodies of dead children
clinging to him.

Four million people had passed through
these gates.

Four million...

The train has arrived.

These pictures were taken by an SS soldier,
a zealous amateur photographer.

He took the pictures despite a strict order
not to film on the territory of concentration
camps.

What you see is the selection procedure.

Those who were selected to live in the
camp for a while - to the right.

Those who were picked for immediate
extermination - to the left.

Those who were healthier and younger
than the rest - to the right.

Old, weak and ailing people - to the left.

Children shorter than 1 .2 meters - to the
left.

Some kids knew somehow about this rule
and tried to walk on their tiptoes when
they had to pass under a measuring bar,

only to be punished for cheating.

Later, all were ordered to shed their
clothes...

...and then...

The entire world knows what happened
next - gas chambers and furnaces.

Here is what was left from the train.

Those who had been selected to live in
concentration camps were dressed in camp
uniforms

and in three weeks, they looked like this.

Each prisoner had to be photographed for
the record.

Half face, en face.

Thousands, dozens and hundreds of
thousands of these ID photos remained in
camp archives.

We have chosen just a few of them so that
you could look into the eyes of those who
perished in Oswenzim.

These people vanished a long time ago,
but their eyes on these pictures are very
much alive.

Their eyes are still looking at us.

Each prisoner working in a concentration
camp brought about 1,500 marks in
revenues for the Third Reich every year.

The so-called "rational use of bodies and
personal items"contributed another 200
marks.

Overall, each prisoner contributed on
average 1,631 marks every ear, with the
deduction of two marks spent on the
maintenance of gas chambers

and furnaces and the inclusion of the cost
of hair, teeth, bones and ashes.

This is the house of a commandant of a
concentration camp.

That's his wife.

That's his pastime.

His friends.

His work.

A diary of a concentration camp doctor, the
bearer of doctorate degrees in medicine
and philosophy, professor extraordinaire
Josef Kramer.

We will quote two short excerpts from his
diary.

"Attended a special activity today.

It was more awful than Dante's Inferno.

Had to order new trousers, boots and a coat
from Berlin."

"Had to attend a special activity again.

This time, emaciated women were selected
for extermination.

They knew what was going to happen and SS
soldiers had a hard time dealing with them.

The lunch menu is tomato soup,
half-chicken, unlimited beer and vanilla ice
cream.

At night - a pleasant dinner party at the
commandant's house."

Eight hundred thousand pairs of shoes
were found in Maidanek.The Nazis were
late in sending them to Germany.

A director of one of the IG Farbenindustrie
plants wrote,

"Request sending a new shipment of young
Polish women immediately, the previous one
has been depleted.

Pay special attention to health of selected
material."

A commandant of a concentration camp
wrote in response,

"The new shipment of young women is on
the way; could not select the best material-
the quality of goods is standard."

Maidanek, Auschwitz, Treblinka, though,

were simply working models and cadre
training centers for the future mass
extermination camps

Himmler planned to build on the other side
of the Urals.

The Nazis intended to quickly exterminate
other peoples.

The plans had been already drawn up;
projects of access routes designed; orders
for equipment placed.

Industrial firms of the Third Reich were
getting ready to accomplish a vast amount
of work.

They are crying.

They are crying from deep affection.

No, I do not want to claim that they are
thrilled about gas chambers.

Probably, they are not even aware of their
existence.

And if they were told about gas chambers,
they would not believe it.

Even if they saw them,

I think it would have been easy to convince
them that these chambers were necessary
for the sake of the Third Reich.

It is certainly a disease, an epidemic.

All right, all right, go ahead, reach out for
your idol and squeeze his finger.

Yet there was a different Germany.

Here is a boy punished by public ridicule.

The placard on his chest says, "I said no - I
am a traitor to people!"

That means there were young Germans
who dared to say"no"to Hitler.

There were people who were stubbornly
saying "no"to Nazism year after year.

One must have a lot of courage to face
death.

Although, probably, one must have the
same amount of courage to say"no,"when
everybody else says "yes;"

to remain a human being and a fighter,
when everybody else ceases to be a human
being;

to think, when thinking is strictly
forbidden.

Look at these wonderful faces.

There were few of these, but they were out
there, always.

These people are not only the pride of the
German nation,

they are its hope because such people are
the future of Germany.

Chapter Fifteen. The End of the Third Reich.

They trained hard for the winter campaign
every year.

All you have to do is to smack your knees...
like this;

then do a bit of self-spanking...like that;

and finish up by jumping up and down.

Perfect! Now, the frost is no threat to you.

In reality, though, everything turned out to
be a bit different.

A German soldier caught in the Stalingrad
"cauldron"wrote to his wife,

"I bear partial responsibility for what
happened, even though it is not significant.

I am only one out of 70 million Germans who
share this responsibility with me,

but I have to pay for it with my own life."

If only they always thought this way, and
not just in dire circumstances.

If only all people on Earth thought this
way, always.

Twenty million lives.

Twenty million lives is the price the Russian
people

had to pay to rid the world of fascism.

And now the war was rolling toward the
west like an unstoppable avalanche.

Twenty million.

They died believing that fascism would
finally cease to exist,

that it would vanish from the face of Earth,
from every country, forever.

On May 8, 1965, veterans of the Great
Patriotic War gathered on Red Square on
their own initiative;

they were looking for their
brother-soldiers.

Some of them did find their
brothers-in-arms.

This veteran from the 21 st Guards
regiment didn't - no one else from his unit
came.

This woman, a doctor, found her former
patient. She saved his life.

They reminisce and reconstruct the past
events,

and the girl, who never saw war, listens to
them attentively.

This man found his fellow soldiers as well.

It might be the happiest day of his life.

Still, a lot of things had to be done and a
long road to be traveled to reach the final
destination.

They still had to fight their way to Kiev,
then to Warsaw, liberate Romania,
Hungary, Bulgaria and Poland,

enter Germany, reach Berlin and...die, die,
die along the way.

"Total war or capitulation," Goebbels says.
"I ask you: do you want capitulation?"
(Shouts: "Never! Never! ").

"I ask you: do you want total war? "

"Yes, we do!" "Long live total war!"

Total war.

Everything that you have seen so far is not
total war.

This is the real face of total war.

This woman, these two children shot at
point-blank range.

Shot at point-blank range with a pistol.

Imagine, at point-blank range...

How many murderers had to be raised to
shoot at point-blank range,

to gas, to burn alive or gun down with
machine guns millions and millions of
women and children?

How many cold-blooded executioners were
necessary

to raze to the ground everything that
mankind had created in the course of many
centuries?

The call to total war did not help them
though. It simply couldn't.

This is the Moscow horse-race track. It is
summer 1944.

These are German prisoners of war.

These are people who were supposed to
carry out the order issued by Hitler in July:

"The Slavs must become an unlimited source
of slave labor in the spirit of Ancient Egypt or
Babylon."

Now, the Muscovites can have a closer look
at these would-be slave masters, slave
drivers, landowners and governors.

And this butcher from Eastern Prussia can
have a closer look at Soviet soldiers.

These are people who decided the
outcome of the most horrible and the
bloodiest confrontation in human history.

Do they look special though? No, they
don't.

You don't even see orders on their chests,
only soldiers' medals, if that.

Hitler promised once: "In ten years, the
Berliners would not recognize their city."

True, the look of German cities has
drastically changed.

Yet, the habits remained the same:
swastikas, posters.

"Our walls are broken, but our hearts are
not!"

Goebbels keeps talking about total war,
though.

A similar speech and similar people, but
there is a new expression on their faces.

Look closely - they are thinking.

I doubt that they are even hearing
Goebbels'words.

They are thinking.

Alas, habits die hard. "Sieg! Heil!"and the
same oath.

The oath is the same, although the people
have changed.

They are thinking now.

Drums keep beating, and Goebbels reviews
the ranks trying to pick out those who are
still capable to fight to prolong his
existence even if for a few more minutes.

Children, women, elderly people - they
were all thrown in the heat of battle.

Here, they are taught to fire a panzerfaust.

It really is a piece of cake, Fraulein.

All you have to do is to level your aim a bit,
squeeze the trigger and... boom! ...it's
done.

The last filming of Hitler. He is also
reviewing the ranks, choosing whom to
send in the line of fire.

Perhaps this boy, and certainly that one.

Too late, the war has swept over Berlin.

The last minutes of the Third Reich are
elapsing; but in these last minutes people
are still dying...

It is finally over!

The last chapter, unfinished...

New patches of grass appear; new babies
are born.

Schoolchildren walk past places where
ruins of buildings used to be.

This is the German Democratic Republic.
This is Berlin.

These two girls simply do not want to go to
school.

They would rather circle every tree on the
way, no matter how many of them there
are.

Here is another tree they can circle around.

And there goes a boy. Well, that's more
interesting. Definitely worth stopping.

What do they know about fascism? And
these older girls? What do they know
about war?

Unless they learned from the stories told
by their parents.

What do these young Parisians know about
war and fascism?

They just want to dance, to dance and to
fall in love.

After all, they are entitled to do so, these
young people. Just look at this pretty girl.

Do you know, by the way, who this couple
is singing at this little restaurant?

Hitler's niece and Mussolini's son-in-law.

The times have changed, indeed.

Everything is evolving; everything is
moving forward; everything is changing.

People invent new sports...

And new art forms...

Well, it is rather nice.

It has been put on display and immediately
attracted attention of experts, especially
the hole.

Purchased.

This thing has probably been purchased as
well.

It is called a monokini.

And this is a perfect male contest.

It is called "Mr. Germany."

To be more precise, it is rather a "Mr. West
Germany" competition because there is
another Germany.

He does look perfect though.

Where there is Mr. West Germany, there
certainly is Miss West Germany.

A"Miss West Germany"contest.

People want to love, to give birth to
children - girls and boys.

Yet boys might turn into somebody like
this.

US Marines training camp, the United
States of America.

They are trying to turn people into animals
again.

And apparently they are succeeding.

This is not America any more, it is West
Germany, NATO maneuvers.

Sometimes it seems as if this book has
been taken out of its sarcophagus...

...and thousands of"living dead"wearing
Nazi decorations crawled out of their
graves.

These former SS soldiers, for instance,
these"nice guys."

Although West Berlin's Governing Mayor
Willy Brandt announces that people must
stop talking about fascism.

He claims that 20 years have past and their
patience has been exhausted.

It is time to stop dwelling in the past.
Nazism does not exist anymore!

Maybe he is right. You see, they applaud
him.

Then why are these drums beating and
what is this parade,

so similar to those that we have already
seen in this documentary for?

I believe the tumor has been removed,
although the cancer cells have remained,
and not in West Germany alone.

Here is Mr. Mosley in Great Britain again.
Of course, he got older and bolder.

He looks worn out and shows fewer teeth.

Yet he is still addressing the public. A
group of young people applauds him,
which means a new generation of his
supporters has appeared.

The police are getting ready to protect him
because he is going to come out of the
building in a moment.

There he walks. Wait a second! Ah, there.
They beat him up.

I have to admit, there is a noble touch to
immutable British customs. Look at this
temper!

And this is what you call famous British
self-restraint?

Just look at this lady in the right corner, the
one who's carrying a purse.

Or at this policeman who shows quite a bit
of zeal.

True, Mr. Mosley has to speak from a
shelter so that nobody can pummel his
face.

On the other hand, he can smile now. The
injured are tossed on the pavement, away
from the action.

If they can do it in England, why can't they
do it in West Germany?

Why can't they desecrate a Jewish
cemetery, or leave these inscriptions and
SS symbols on the graves,

and write something like "not enough of
you are dead?"

It is written here, "You think Hitler is dead?
We think not."

As you can see, this inscription, these
symbols, they all contradict Willy Brandt,

as well as this revenge-seeker, who shows
us his tongue, or his Scandinavian
associate.

Or this youngster with swastika. This is Lew
Rockwell, the leader of American fascists.

And here is the fuehrer of Swedish fascists.

American, Chilean, French, Portuguese
swastikas. How many of those are out
there?

They certainly look different, but their
essence is the same.

Maybe they think the world has not
changed and another Munich, another
march to the East is still possible?

These swastikas are floating in front of the
White House in Washington.

The placards say, "Free Rudolf Hess!"That
same Rudolf Hess. He is still alive, serving a
prison sentence.

West German monopolies are doing pretty
well and their owners are quite
prosperous, too.

Look at these smug, arrogant and sleek
aristocrats. Notice the way they stare at
the cameras, all these Thiessens and Flicks.

No doubt, they are doing just fine.

What you see is a high-society ball in West
Germany.

Of course, it's too "lowbrow"for Krupp,
Thiessen, Flick and similar moguls.

They never liked posing for pictures. They
hate to do it now.

They like to stay in the shadows.

Nevertheless, there is creme de la creme of
West German society in front of you.

Ministers, famous actors, industrial
magnates, businessmen. Anything is at
their service.

Girls directly from Paris, for instance.

While the girls are dancing though, let us
recalculate the profits brought by war to
Thiessen, Krupp and the bunch.

One hundred marks from every victim,
regardless of nationality - Russians,
French, Americans or even Germans.

If they decide, for whatever reason, to
write a new letter to another Hindenburg,

it will be signed by 20 billion marks rather
than two billion.

Add to it the Marines... Well, this prospect
is definitely worth pondering.

Let's look at the dolphins for a change.

Recently, scientists found out that the
dolphin's brain is as complex and large as
the human brain.

I heard that they even use their own
language for communication.

In any case, they are very intelligent and
good-natured, kinder than many people
are.

There are suggestions though to use
dolphins for military purposes, as radar
devices or something like that.

For now, they are simply tugging little
boats, and generals, apparently, can still
manage without them.

Hitler did not possess such weapons. Thank
God, he didn't.

If he had something like that...

If he had something like that, do you think
he would have hesitated even a second?

Even Truman ultimately found resolve to
use it.

As to mankind... I don't know.

Maybe that's what would have been left
from humanity...

Anyway, the military can do without
dolphins for the time being.

Generals certainly have plenty of toys and
money to play with.

Nevertheless, I still believe that human
beings are intelligent because when they
are born they are all wonderful.

There are no bad children.

All kids in the world are good.

Everything depends on how we will shape
their characters, what we will turn them
into.

"Once upon a time there lived an old man
and his wife.

They had a little Speckled Hen.

One day the hen laid an egg; and it was not a
simple egg but a golden one.

The old man tried to break it and couldn't.
His wife tried to break it and couldn't.

They kept trying to break it but to no avail. A
mouse ran by and wagged her little tail; the
egg rolled, fell down and broke.

The old man is crying, and his wife is crying,
but the hen is clucking,

"Don't you cry old man, don't you cry old
woman,

I will lay a new egg, this time not a golden
but a simple one."

Film Credits: Screenplay: M. Romm, M.
Turovskaya, Y. Khanyutin.

Director and producer: Mikhail Romm.
Director of photography: G. Lavrov.
Executive director: L. Indenbom.

Music by: A. Karamanov. Sound by: S.
Minevrin, V.Vengerovsky.

Conductor: E. Khachaturyan. Narrator: M.
Romm. Interns: H. Stoichev, S. Kulish.

Camera: V. Zhanov, V. Pluzhnikov. Film
editor: V. Kulagina.

Assistant directors: S. Linkov, K. Osin.
Assistant cameraman - Y.Avdeev. Assistant
film editor: T. Ivanova.

Photo design: B. Baldin. Consultant: Ernst
Henry. Editor: I. Tsyzin.

Production manager: Y. Rogozovsky.

The End.