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♪♪
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♪♪
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captions paid for by
discovery communications
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♪♪
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narrator: In the early days
of basketball,
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players used a soccer ball
to play the game.
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In 1894, a special
basketball was designed.
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It was laced and larger,
with a circumference
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00:01:04,598 --> 00:01:08,167
that was about 4 inches
greater than the soccer ball.
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For players, the new ball
was a game changer.
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Basketballs have evolved,
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but one manufacturer still makes
them the old-fashioned way.
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These laced brown leather balls
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honor the beginnings
of the game.
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To make this traditional
basketball,
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a craftsperson cuts eight panels
out of tough american cowhide.
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These are rough cuts.
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The shape will now
be more precisely defined.
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He places a sharp steel die
on one of the panels.
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Using a tool known
as a clicker press,
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he applies pressure to drive
the die through the leather
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and punch out the shape,
cookie-cutter style.
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♪♪
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he now cuts strips of nylon
to a workable size
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00:01:59,587 --> 00:02:02,721
using a utility knife.
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00:02:02,723 --> 00:02:07,593
The craftsperson then stacks up
a dozen of the nylon strips.
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00:02:07,595 --> 00:02:11,430
Using the clicker press and
same die, he cuts out patterns.
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00:02:11,432 --> 00:02:13,632
Because nylon is softer
than leather,
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00:02:13,634 --> 00:02:17,436
he can punch out
many more at once.
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He places one of the nylon
patterns on the underside
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00:02:20,474 --> 00:02:23,208
of a leather one
and stitches them together.
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The nylon backing
stabilizes the leather,
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preventing stretching.
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00:02:31,919 --> 00:02:35,754
He now punches lace holes
and notches in the nylon-padded
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00:02:35,756 --> 00:02:37,789
leather panel.
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00:02:40,127 --> 00:02:43,395
Using a template, the
craftsperson locates the spot
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00:02:43,397 --> 00:02:46,665
for an air-valve hole
and nicks it with a sharp tool.
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♪♪
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00:02:51,071 --> 00:02:55,407
he places a punch on the nick
and strikes it with a hammer
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00:02:55,409 --> 00:02:56,942
to cut out the air-valve hole.
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00:02:59,213 --> 00:03:03,882
He clamps a stamp of a company
logo in a heated press.
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00:03:03,884 --> 00:03:07,920
As the stamp heats up, he moves
it into a downward position
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00:03:07,922 --> 00:03:12,291
and then slides the
leather panel under it.
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00:03:12,293 --> 00:03:13,825
He lowers the hot stamp,
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and it burns the company logo
into the leather.
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♪♪
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next, with the liner side up,
he sews the basketball panels
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together,
two at a time at first.
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00:03:28,275 --> 00:03:31,343
Doing this right takes practice.
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00:03:31,345 --> 00:03:34,413
The craftsperson then trims
the polyester thread
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00:03:34,415 --> 00:03:37,482
and then pounds the thick
seam flat with a hammer.
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00:03:37,484 --> 00:03:41,520
♪♪
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00:03:41,522 --> 00:03:44,256
he sews vinyl reinforcements
to the two panels
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that have lace holes.
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00:03:46,293 --> 00:03:49,895
This will give the laced area of
the basketball more structure.
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The stitching will also frame
the lace holes
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00:03:54,868 --> 00:03:59,671
from the leather side to define
and accentuate the lacing.
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00:03:59,673 --> 00:04:01,740
He adds another strip of vinyl.
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00:04:01,742 --> 00:04:03,976
This one will protect
the inflated bladder
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inside the basketball.
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00:04:06,413 --> 00:04:10,082
He assembles the panels
four at a time.
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He leaves the section around
the lace holes open to provide
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00:04:13,187 --> 00:04:16,455
an entry point
for the inflatable bladder.
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He stitches the two halves
together,
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again working from
the inside of the ball.
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00:04:21,895 --> 00:04:27,065
This completes the
basketball's outer casing.
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The next craftsperson places
the basketball casing
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on a steel post and pulls
and tugs the casing
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00:04:32,873 --> 00:04:34,940
to turn it right side out.
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He now inserts the synthetic
rubber bladder
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into the basketball.
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He manipulates it so that
the bladder's air valve lines up
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with the corresponding
hole in the leather.
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♪♪
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using needle-nose pliers,
he grabs the air valve
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00:04:55,496 --> 00:04:57,696
and pulls it through the hole.
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00:04:57,698 --> 00:05:00,932
The craftsperson then rearranges
the inner flap so that
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00:05:00,934 --> 00:05:04,336
it's in a position to protect
the bladder from the lacing.
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00:05:04,338 --> 00:05:06,538
He partially inflates
the bladder.
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Using a thick brass needle,
he pulls a rawhide strip
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00:05:12,513 --> 00:05:15,480
through the holes
to neatly lace up the opening.
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♪♪
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he then fully pressurizes
the basketball,
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and the pressure
from the bladder
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holds the laces in place.
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♪♪
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he simply clips the end
of the lace and tucks it in.
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A replica of the original,
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this leather basketball
is ready to bounce back.
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00:05:54,421 --> 00:05:56,321
Narrator: Floodgates
are sliding gates
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that are engineered to resist
rushing floodwaters.
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00:05:59,693 --> 00:06:03,061
When installed at wastewater
or water treatment plants
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00:06:03,063 --> 00:06:06,565
they can be used to control
the outflow and inflow of water
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00:06:06,567 --> 00:06:08,934
in order to make
operations more efficient.
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00:06:08,936 --> 00:06:12,571
That's why floodgates aren't
just for emergency situations.
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♪♪
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sliding floodgates close
to varying degrees
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to reduce the flow of water
or stop it completely.
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Making these sliding gates
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starts with a
stainless-steel plate.
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A crane lifts it over to
a conveyor in front of a chamber
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that has a laser cutter inside.
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The crane releases its
suctioning grip,
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and the conveyor takes it
into the chamber.
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It's dark inside,
but the laser doesn't need
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overhead lighting
to do its work.
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Computer software
guides the laser
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as it cuts out parts
for the floodgate frame.
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It also precisely locates holes
for assembly purposes.
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Workers stack the laser-cut
pieces and number them
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to categorize them for the next
operation, called forming.
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00:07:07,594 --> 00:07:11,029
A worker inserts a part
in a press brake numerous times
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to make multiple bends.
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00:07:14,134 --> 00:07:17,068
He shapes this particular piece
into the bottom frame
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of the floodgate.
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♪♪
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after forming the side
frames the same way,
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a worker evenly
spaces reinforcements
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along the entire length of them.
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He tack-welds the reinforcements
to the frame.
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00:07:37,391 --> 00:07:39,124
Using a carpenter's square,
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he measures the angle of the
reinforcement to the side frame.
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00:07:44,198 --> 00:07:46,198
Satisfied that
each reinforcement
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00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:48,667
is perfectly perpendicular
to the frame,
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00:07:48,669 --> 00:07:51,136
he does the full welds.
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00:07:51,138 --> 00:07:53,905
Then the worker joins
the two side frames
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00:07:53,907 --> 00:07:56,975
and the bottom rail and
welds the structure together.
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♪♪
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he positions a stainless-steel
ceiling frame
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00:08:02,883 --> 00:08:07,552
at the midpoint of the structure
and welds it in place.
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Another worker tucks
a polyethylene strip
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00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:12,190
into the frame to seal it.
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00:08:12,192 --> 00:08:13,959
The strip also has
a groove in it
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00:08:13,961 --> 00:08:17,095
to accommodate the gate's
sliding door.
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He clamps the strip to the frame
and then taps it with a hammer
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00:08:20,634 --> 00:08:23,268
to entrench it more firmly
into the frame.
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00:08:26,206 --> 00:08:28,440
He drills through holes
in the side frame
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00:08:28,442 --> 00:08:32,911
to make corresponding holes
in the polyethylene strip
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00:08:32,913 --> 00:08:35,347
and inserts the bolts
in the holes.
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00:08:38,051 --> 00:08:39,851
He screws nuts onto the ends
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that protrude from the
outside of the frame.
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♪♪
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he now inserts
a polyethylene strip
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00:08:50,197 --> 00:08:52,430
in the horizontal ceiling frame,
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and he marks the strip
to indicate the location
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for bolt holes.
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He removes the strip
and drills tapered holes
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00:08:59,973 --> 00:09:01,206
for countersunk bolts
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00:09:01,208 --> 00:09:04,910
in the locations he's marked.
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00:09:04,912 --> 00:09:08,446
He inserts a silicone strip
in a recess in the seal,
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00:09:10,183 --> 00:09:12,284
and he bolts it all together.
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♪♪
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once the frame is complete,
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00:09:16,990 --> 00:09:20,392
another worker installs
the floodgate's sliding door.
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00:09:23,330 --> 00:09:27,165
It will be raised and lowered
using crank-operated gears.
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00:09:29,069 --> 00:09:32,370
The next worker closes off
an opening used for an unneeded
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00:09:32,372 --> 00:09:36,141
drive gear with silicone glue
and a plastic stopper.
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00:09:36,143 --> 00:09:41,379
He slides a washer and bearing
on the center shaft opening.
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00:09:41,381 --> 00:09:43,648
He places the upper housing
on the bottom one
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00:09:43,650 --> 00:09:47,218
to enclose the gears.
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He secures the gearbox housing
with numerous long bolts.
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♪♪
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00:09:57,030 --> 00:10:00,098
next, powerful ridged
rollers press a thread
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00:10:00,100 --> 00:10:03,835
into a very long
stainless steel rod.
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00:10:03,837 --> 00:10:07,038
This rod will serve as
the floodgate's operating stem.
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It's ready for installation.
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00:10:11,545 --> 00:10:14,746
A worker bolts one end of
the stem to the slide gate
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00:10:14,748 --> 00:10:18,516
while the other worker threads
the gearbox onto the other end.
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00:10:18,518 --> 00:10:21,553
♪♪
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with the crank
not yet installed,
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00:10:27,594 --> 00:10:29,995
he uses a drill
to spin the gears
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00:10:29,997 --> 00:10:33,064
and test the operation
of the sliding floodgate.
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♪♪
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00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:40,505
he confirms that the floodgate
meets design specifications.
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00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:46,878
Then workers flood the surface
below the floodgate with water
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and verify that
nothing seeps through.
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This proves that the floodgate
is watertight
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and ready to hold strong
in the event of an emergency.
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Narrator:
Before artists put their brush
to their blank canvas,
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they have to choose
what type of canvas to use --
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rudimentary, economical
cotton or finer,
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00:11:21,314 --> 00:11:25,150
more expensive linen,
unstretched, or pre-stretched?
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00:11:25,152 --> 00:11:28,153
If pre-stretched,
affixed to a wooden frame
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00:11:28,155 --> 00:11:30,055
or glued to a wooden panel?
185
00:11:32,359 --> 00:11:36,594
This type of artist canvas
is made of fine-weave linen.
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It's stretched over
and affixed to a wood panel.
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00:11:39,900 --> 00:11:42,400
The hard backing prevents
the linen from flexing
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under the paintbrush.
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00:11:44,738 --> 00:11:47,405
The face of the panel is made
of a quarter-inch-thick
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00:11:47,407 --> 00:11:49,174
baltic birch.
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00:11:49,176 --> 00:11:51,142
After cutting a piece
with the dimensions of
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00:11:51,144 --> 00:11:52,711
the finished canvas,
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00:11:52,713 --> 00:11:57,949
a worker cuts pieces of sturdier
basswood for the cradle.
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00:11:57,951 --> 00:12:01,052
After cutting a long strip
in the required width,
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00:12:01,054 --> 00:12:02,754
he measures and marks
the lengths
196
00:12:02,756 --> 00:12:04,789
of the cradle's five parts,
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00:12:04,791 --> 00:12:10,562
which include four perimeter
pieces and a cross brace.
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00:12:10,564 --> 00:12:12,664
Then he cuts the parts.
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00:12:12,666 --> 00:12:15,667
♪♪
200
00:12:20,207 --> 00:12:23,274
he miters the edges
of the perimeter pieces.
201
00:12:23,276 --> 00:12:26,778
That means cutting the ends
at a 45-degree angle,
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00:12:26,780 --> 00:12:30,148
so the pieces mate
when assembled into a rectangle.
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00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:33,218
♪♪
204
00:12:35,322 --> 00:12:38,256
to assemble the cradle,
a worker spreads wood glue
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00:12:38,258 --> 00:12:41,159
on the mitered edges
of the perimeter pieces,
206
00:12:41,161 --> 00:12:43,728
then joins them
to form a rectangle,
207
00:12:43,730 --> 00:12:46,631
clamping two of the corners
to a 90-degree block
208
00:12:46,633 --> 00:12:50,034
to ensure the angles
are perfectly square.
209
00:12:50,036 --> 00:12:54,139
He reinforces the corner
joints with v-shaped nails.
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00:12:54,141 --> 00:12:58,209
♪♪
211
00:12:58,211 --> 00:13:00,512
he removes the clamps
and squares
212
00:13:00,514 --> 00:13:03,381
and glues the cross brace
across the middle.
213
00:13:03,383 --> 00:13:06,918
♪♪
214
00:13:06,920 --> 00:13:09,187
once the worker checks
that the cross brace
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00:13:09,189 --> 00:13:10,822
is installed squarely,
216
00:13:10,824 --> 00:13:12,657
he nails it to the perimeter.
217
00:13:15,328 --> 00:13:18,830
He applies a line of wood glue
on top of the cradle perimeter
218
00:13:18,832 --> 00:13:22,167
and cross brace.
219
00:13:22,169 --> 00:13:25,203
Then he places the panel
onto the cradle.
220
00:13:27,941 --> 00:13:30,942
The worker sets clamps
all around the perimeter,
221
00:13:30,944 --> 00:13:35,046
then puts the cradle aside
overnight to let the glue dry.
222
00:13:35,048 --> 00:13:38,116
♪♪
223
00:13:41,188 --> 00:13:45,490
the next day, the worker sands
any panel overhang flat,
224
00:13:45,492 --> 00:13:48,560
rendering the edge of the panel
flush with the cradle.
225
00:13:48,562 --> 00:13:51,596
♪♪
226
00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:55,600
they burn the manufacturing
information
227
00:13:55,602 --> 00:13:57,602
into the back
of the finished panel.
228
00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:03,975
The linen they're using for this
canvas is portrait grade,
229
00:14:03,977 --> 00:14:06,678
the finest and smoothest weave.
230
00:14:06,680 --> 00:14:10,014
It's been primed with
linseed oil to allow oil paint
231
00:14:10,016 --> 00:14:16,321
to penetrate enough to adhere
but not absorb into the fabric.
232
00:14:16,323 --> 00:14:19,090
He measures and marks the wood
panel's dimensions,
233
00:14:19,092 --> 00:14:20,992
adding about 4 inches all around
234
00:14:20,994 --> 00:14:25,096
to have extra linen
to wrap around the cradle.
235
00:14:25,098 --> 00:14:28,266
Then he cuts along the lines.
236
00:14:28,268 --> 00:14:32,103
The worker centers the cradled
panel upside down on the linen
237
00:14:32,105 --> 00:14:34,305
and traces a line around it.
238
00:14:34,307 --> 00:14:38,476
♪♪
239
00:14:38,478 --> 00:14:41,846
he flips the panel right-side up
and coats the surface
240
00:14:41,848 --> 00:14:45,216
with special
ph-neutral archival glue
241
00:14:45,218 --> 00:14:47,919
because ordinary
adhesives contain acid
242
00:14:47,921 --> 00:14:50,355
which degrades
the linen over time.
243
00:14:50,357 --> 00:14:53,591
♪♪
244
00:14:53,593 --> 00:14:56,160
he flips the panel
upside down again,
245
00:14:56,162 --> 00:14:58,997
carefully positions
it within the trace lines
246
00:14:58,999 --> 00:15:01,799
and presses the panel
firmly against the linen.
247
00:15:01,801 --> 00:15:04,869
♪♪
248
00:15:04,871 --> 00:15:08,139
he mounts the assembly
on a stretching machine.
249
00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:10,708
Canvases must always
be stretched
250
00:15:10,710 --> 00:15:12,877
to prevent contraction
and expansion
251
00:15:12,879 --> 00:15:16,581
due to changes in humidity.
252
00:15:16,583 --> 00:15:19,183
Starting with the
longest sides first,
253
00:15:19,185 --> 00:15:21,319
the machine yanks
the linen tight
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00:15:21,321 --> 00:15:24,656
and folds it over
the edge of the cradle.
255
00:15:24,658 --> 00:15:28,092
A line of staples secure
the stretched linen to the wood.
256
00:15:30,897 --> 00:15:33,965
After stretching and stapling
both long sides,
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00:15:33,967 --> 00:15:38,002
the worker folds the corners
neatly and staples them as well.
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00:15:38,004 --> 00:15:41,372
♪♪
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00:15:41,374 --> 00:15:45,076
then he rotates the canvas
to stretch the short sides.
260
00:15:45,078 --> 00:15:48,112
♪♪
261
00:15:50,784 --> 00:15:53,151
once those are stretched
and stapled,
262
00:15:53,153 --> 00:15:57,689
the wood-panel canvas
is finished,
263
00:15:57,691 --> 00:16:02,126
and now it's the ready recipient
of artistic inspiration.
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00:16:17,277 --> 00:16:20,044
Narrator: The oldest shoe
archaeologists have ever found
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00:16:20,046 --> 00:16:23,481
is a 5,500-year-old
leather hide moccasin
266
00:16:23,483 --> 00:16:25,950
with leather-cord laces.
267
00:16:25,952 --> 00:16:29,387
Today we don't have to go hunt
an animal to lace our shoes.
268
00:16:29,389 --> 00:16:31,656
We can buy our shoelaces
ready-made
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00:16:31,658 --> 00:16:33,491
in a variety of materials,
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00:16:33,493 --> 00:16:36,227
styles, lengths and colors.
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00:16:36,229 --> 00:16:39,530
♪♪
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00:16:39,532 --> 00:16:43,134
this company produces shoelaces
and shoelace-type drawstrings
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00:16:43,136 --> 00:16:45,169
in a wide range of materials,
274
00:16:45,171 --> 00:16:49,273
including cotton,
rayon and acrylic.
275
00:16:49,275 --> 00:16:52,610
This run is producing
polyester shoelaces.
276
00:16:52,612 --> 00:16:55,880
A worker installs cones
of fine polyester thread
277
00:16:55,882 --> 00:16:57,582
on what's called a creel,
278
00:16:57,584 --> 00:17:00,351
which feeds
the bobbin-winding machines.
279
00:17:00,353 --> 00:17:03,021
She groups the strands
from eight cones
280
00:17:03,023 --> 00:17:05,623
and feeds them through
one side of one machine
281
00:17:05,625 --> 00:17:07,625
and onto a bobbin.
282
00:17:07,627 --> 00:17:10,628
Then she groups the strands
from another eight cones
283
00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:13,197
and feeds them through
the other side of the machine
284
00:17:13,199 --> 00:17:15,433
onto a second bobbin.
285
00:17:15,435 --> 00:17:17,001
Each group of eight strands
286
00:17:17,003 --> 00:17:20,438
will produce one
thicker polyester thread.
287
00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:23,708
She programs the machine
to wind a specific length of it.
288
00:17:25,512 --> 00:17:28,446
Each cone holds enough fine
thread to wind
289
00:17:28,448 --> 00:17:32,483
a 71-mile-long
thick thread.
290
00:17:32,485 --> 00:17:35,720
For this particular shoelace,
the machine is programmed
291
00:17:35,722 --> 00:17:38,956
to wind 8,200 feet
of thick thread per bobbin.
292
00:17:42,262 --> 00:17:44,829
Another worker installs
20 of those bobbins
293
00:17:44,831 --> 00:17:47,698
on a braiding machine.
294
00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:50,401
For each one, she passes
the end of the thread
295
00:17:50,403 --> 00:17:52,904
through three eyelets,
296
00:17:52,906 --> 00:17:56,340
the second of which regulates
the tension of the thread.
297
00:17:56,342 --> 00:17:59,377
♪♪
298
00:18:02,882 --> 00:18:06,117
she gathers half the threads
and ties knots in them
299
00:18:06,119 --> 00:18:11,055
so that they'll catch when
she feeds them into the machine.
300
00:18:11,057 --> 00:18:13,424
She starts up
the braiding machine.
301
00:18:13,426 --> 00:18:15,526
It draws in the knotted threads,
302
00:18:15,528 --> 00:18:18,129
which pull in
the unknotted ones.
303
00:18:18,131 --> 00:18:20,765
Then the machine begins
braiding a continuous
304
00:18:20,767 --> 00:18:23,034
round shoelace cord.
305
00:18:23,036 --> 00:18:27,071
These wheels apply tension
to pull any loose braids tighter
306
00:18:27,073 --> 00:18:29,574
so that the corrected
diameter is uniform.
307
00:18:31,544 --> 00:18:34,278
The finished cord,
which is about a mile long,
308
00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:37,548
collects in a barrel.
309
00:18:37,550 --> 00:18:39,517
Some shoelaces are made
of knitted,
310
00:18:39,519 --> 00:18:41,752
rather than braided, cord.
311
00:18:41,754 --> 00:18:45,256
The cones of thread feed
the knitting machine directly.
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00:18:45,258 --> 00:18:48,126
The machine's four latch
needles can perform two types
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00:18:48,128 --> 00:18:50,661
of knitting stitches
to produce round cord.
314
00:18:53,433 --> 00:18:56,234
Once the knitted, or braided,
cord is ready,
315
00:18:56,236 --> 00:18:59,670
a worker adjusts four metal pegs
of a winding device
316
00:18:59,672 --> 00:19:02,907
to the shoelace length
they're making.
317
00:19:02,909 --> 00:19:07,712
Then she winds the cord
around the pegs up to 250 times,
318
00:19:07,714 --> 00:19:09,580
depending on the cord diameter.
319
00:19:12,152 --> 00:19:16,721
She cuts the end and ties
the cords together
320
00:19:16,723 --> 00:19:18,789
so that she can easily
transfer them
321
00:19:18,791 --> 00:19:20,992
to what's called
a tipping machine.
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00:19:20,994 --> 00:19:24,028
♪♪
323
00:19:31,304 --> 00:19:33,237
she runs the center of each cord
324
00:19:33,239 --> 00:19:36,340
over an acetone-saturated
felt pad,
325
00:19:36,342 --> 00:19:38,843
then inserts it
in the machine's die.
326
00:19:38,845 --> 00:19:43,114
The die wraps a piece of acetate
film tightly around the cord,
327
00:19:43,116 --> 00:19:44,849
then cuts it in the middle,
328
00:19:44,851 --> 00:19:47,118
producing a shoelace
with a stiff tip,
329
00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:49,687
called an aglet, on each end.
330
00:19:51,624 --> 00:19:54,992
This press applies
a nickel-plated steel tip,
331
00:19:54,994 --> 00:19:58,729
a kind used on bag drawstrings.
332
00:19:58,731 --> 00:20:02,833
The worker manually positions
two tips directly on the cord
333
00:20:02,835 --> 00:20:04,802
with a slight gap
in between them.
334
00:20:07,574 --> 00:20:10,408
She activates the press
to force them on,
335
00:20:10,410 --> 00:20:12,343
then cuts the cord in the gap.
336
00:20:14,581 --> 00:20:17,281
This factory also makes
rickrack,
337
00:20:17,283 --> 00:20:21,219
a flat zigzag trim
that's sewn onto clothing.
338
00:20:21,221 --> 00:20:25,323
These rickrack-braiding
machines are 120 years old.
339
00:20:25,325 --> 00:20:30,061
Each one holds from 13
to 73 bobbins of thread.
340
00:20:30,063 --> 00:20:34,165
The more bobbins used,
the wider the rickrack.
341
00:20:34,167 --> 00:20:36,934
There are two ways to make
multicolored rickrack
342
00:20:36,936 --> 00:20:39,136
or braided shoelace cord.
343
00:20:39,138 --> 00:20:41,539
Mount different shades
of solid color bobbins
344
00:20:41,541 --> 00:20:43,107
on the braiding machine
345
00:20:43,109 --> 00:20:46,544
or wind multicolored
thread on each bobbin.
346
00:20:46,546 --> 00:20:49,247
And for multicolored
knitted shoelace cord,
347
00:20:49,249 --> 00:20:52,650
mount different shades
of solid-color thread cones
348
00:20:52,652 --> 00:20:55,386
or multicolored
thread on each cone.
349
00:20:55,388 --> 00:20:57,688
To produce different
shapes and sizes,
350
00:20:57,690 --> 00:21:00,458
this manufacturer uses
different types of braiding
351
00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:01,792
and knitting machines,
352
00:21:01,794 --> 00:21:04,028
varying the number
of bobbins or cones
353
00:21:04,030 --> 00:21:06,864
from eight to as many as 73.
354
00:21:06,866 --> 00:21:09,400
An even number produces
a round shoelace.
355
00:21:09,402 --> 00:21:11,769
An odd number produces
a flat one.
356
00:21:11,771 --> 00:21:13,671
With so many possibilities,
357
00:21:13,673 --> 00:21:17,008
shoelaces can be fashionable
as well as functional.
28221
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