Afrikaans
Akan
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bemba
Bengali
Bihari
Bosnian
Breton
Bulgarian
Cambodian
Catalan
Cebuano
Cherokee
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
Esperanto
Estonian
Ewe
Faroese
Filipino
Finnish
French
Frisian
Ga
Galician
Georgian
German
Greek
Guarani
Gujarati
Haitian Creole
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hindi
Hmong
Hungarian
Icelandic
Igbo
Indonesian
Interlingua
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Javanese
Kannada
Kazakh
Kinyarwanda
Kirundi
Kongo
Korean
Krio (Sierra Leone)
Kurdish
Kurdish (Soranî)
Kyrgyz
Laothian
Latin
Latvian
Lingala
Lithuanian
Lozi
Luganda
Luo
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
Maltese
Maori
Marathi
Mauritian Creole
Moldavian
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Montenegrin
Nepali
Nigerian Pidgin
Northern Sotho
Norwegian
Norwegian (Nynorsk)
Occitan
Oriya
Oromo
Pashto
Polish
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Portugal)
Punjabi
Quechua
Romanian
Romansh
Runyakitara
Russian
Samoan
Scots Gaelic
Serbian
Serbo-Croatian
Sesotho
Setswana
Seychellois Creole
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Spanish (Latin American)
Sundanese
Swahili
Swedish
Tajik
Tamil
Tatar
Telugu
Thai
Tigrinya
Tonga
Tshiluba
Tumbuka
Turkish
Turkmen
Twi
Uighur
Ukrainian
Urdu
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Welsh
Wolof
Xhosa
Yiddish
Yoruba
Zulu
aomuf
raoygeJY
raoygeJY raoygeJY
raoygeJY
cspfaom wdkvf;
uRefr xGufoGm;NyD;qdkwm &SifodrSmyg uRefr qufNyD; onf;rcHedkifawmhbl;
uRefr arG;pm;tazu t&ufaomufNyD;&if &rf; wmawGudk uRefr qufNyD; rcHpm;edkifawmhbl;
a&SYae ac:xm;awmh *Refedk
rif; bmrS apm'u wufp&mr&Sdawmhbl;
qefrGef vm;
aumifav; rif;acgif;xdcdkufxm;wmvm;
b,fol vdkY rif;xifaewmvm;
ig rif; taemufydkif;udk xGufoGm;NyDvdkYxifaewm
-wHwm; wnfaqmufa&;twGufvm; -tJh'd wHwm;u aqmufaeNyD *Refedk
igtck 'DrSm a&mufaew,f
-rif; b,folUudkajymaewmvJ -bm
-igu bmaMumifha&SUaeac:&rSmvJ -*suf aMumifhaygh
*suf vm;
ol ighudk ylzif; rSm tapmMuD;uwnf;uapmifhaewm
ol NrdKYxJrSm edkvef eJYoGm;ae aeNyD; rif;udk uGm&Sif; pmcsKyf ydkUvdkufw,fvdkY oluajymw,f
rif; a&SUaeac:csdefvJ &SdawmhrSm r[kwfbl;
'gu owif;a[mif;MuD;yJ qefrGef
ighudk ajymwm r[kwfavmufbl [kwfw,frvm; ig rGefwm;em;u aexGufvmwmav
oHk;vawmif &SdNyD rSwfrdao;vm;
ol q&mr vkyfzdkYausmif;udkjyefoGm;awmhr,fvdkY ajymvm;
-q&mr vm; -[kwfw,f
urÇmMuD;u b,frSm tqHk;owfrSmvJ odvm; *Refedk
rif; eSvHk;ckef wm&yfoGm;wJhtcsdefyJ ygwem
t&mtm;vHk;u aemufusaeNyD
rif; tD&ma[mfvefbif udkod&ifaumif;rSmyJ
-bmudk od&rSmvJ -rif; olYtwGuf b,feSpf eSpfavmuf tvkyf vkyfay;cJhvJ
oleJY armfvD eYJ raocif
ig olYtwGuf wpfeSpfavmufyJ vkyfay;cJhwm
-ol uoabmaumif;wJh olaX;wpfa,mufyJ -[kwfvm;
tif; 'DrSmem;axmif '&ufypf qdkwJh igh&JUa&SUaeudkoGm;awGU
ig ruGm&Sif; csifbl; qefrGef igh rdom;pk eJY igjyefaecsifwm
bmyJjzpfjzpf rif;olUudkoGm;awGUvdkufyg ol rif;udk ulnDedkifrSmyg
rif; ta0; udka&mufaecJhwmrvm; *Ref
cifAsm; uRefawmfh udkodw,f
'DjrdKUav;u ao;ao;av;yg '&ufypf yg
'Dudpö udkwdkifyifzdkYtwGuf cifAsm;u toifhawmfqHk;yJvdkU
qefrGefb&pfvufyf uajymvdkYyg
0ifcJhav *Ref
rif; bmawG&xm;vJ MunfhMunfh&atmif
'grif;udk vGefcJhwJh &ufav;q,f uwnf;u ydkYxm;wmyJ
tajz jyefay;zdkYtwGuf Oya' rSmu &uf20 yJcGifhjyKxm;wm
olwdkU wpfckck vTrff;rdk;cHae&w,f
jyóem uaus;Zl;wif&rSmyg 'gu raoedkifygbl;
uRefawmf cifAsm;tultnDudk vdkw,f uRefawmf ruGm&Sif;csifbl;
-'DtwGuf uRefawmf eJY *sufeJY rsufeSmcsif; qdkifrawGU&ao;bl; -ig pdwfraumif;ygbl;
-olu aumifav;twGufaMumifh 'DvdkpDpOfrdwmyg -rif;&JU om;vm;
ekdvefyg olUudkarG;NyD;uwnf;u
-olpajymif;vJ vmawmhwmyJ -ajymif;vJ vmwmvm;
&kwfw&uf yJ oluydkvdkcsifvmw,f
uRefawmf tNrJwrf; axmufyHhay;aewmyg
uRefawmf raxmufyHhbl;vdkY olrajymedkifygbl; uRefawmf vlysif; wpfa,mufr[kwfygbl;
rif;taz pd;yGm;ysufuwnf;u rif;'ku©a&mufaewmvdkY 'DrSm ajymxm;w,f
r[kwfygbl; q&m uRefawmfh rSm tvkyfawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdygw,f
tvkyfawGu trsm;MuD;yg a&&Snfawmhr[kwfbl; uRefawmf olUudkulnDedkifatmifvdkY
axmywf qdkifrSm vkyfcJhygw,f
uRefawmf rvkyfawmhwJh tcsdefusawmh
uRefawmf tcef;usOf; av;xJrSm wpf&ufvHk; raeedkifbl;av
uRefawmf arG;jrLa&;jcHudkvnf; wdk;wufatmifvkyfcJhwmyJ uRefawmf odwm'gtukefyJ
rif;udk igb,fvdkulnDedkifrvJ *Ref
ol a&SUae eJY wpfcg vkyfNyD;NyD
olUudk tdrfjyefac:vmedkif&if uRefawmf tckoGm;awmhr,f
cifAsm;u olU&JUa&SUaeudk 'gudkajymay;yg
igu rif;rdbawG eJY &if;eSD;ygw,f
olwdkY&JU jcHawGudk qDq,fedkbdkif; qD
a&mif;cs zdkYtwif;tusyfzdtm;ay;cH&wkef;u
igu bPfbufuaevdkufcJhwmyg raumif;rSef igodygw,f 'gayr,fh igwdkYtm;vHk;vkyfcJhwmyJ
rif;taz ta bPfu vkyfay;cJhwmyg
tJh'dtcsdefu pD;yGm;a&;uvnf;
olUudk ydkNyD; 'ku©a&mufapwmaygh
tif;
tJh'daemuf olaeraumif;jzpfoGm;w,f
*Ref vm;
rif;udk,f rif; jyefar;&r,fhar;cGef;u
rif; igeJY twlvkyfedkifrSmvm; qdkwmyJ
cifAsm;u 'DjrdKYrSm aps;taygqHk; a&SUaewpfa,mufvdkY qdkifrGef uajymw,f
-t"dyÜg,f ucifAsm;u rxl;cRef bl;vm; -aumif;NyD
pum;ajymw,fqdkwm yHkpH trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f *Ref
t"du uawmh ydkufqHtaMumif;yJajymwmrvm;
ighrSm ZeD;r&Sdbl; rdom;pk r&Sdbl; igh&JU trIonfawGyJ&Sdw,f
olwdkY&if xJu jyóemudk ajz&Sif;zdkYyJ&Sdw,f
igh oli,fcsif; awGukd igodygw,f qdkifrGef Oyrm ydef ydef eJY wif;rm;w,f
olxGufvmatmif rif;b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ
xm;vdkufygawmh 'gu oleJY igeJY Mum;uudpöyg *Ref
rif;eJY igeJY Mum;rSm igu rif;&JU a&SUaewpfa,mufqdkawmh
rif;MudKufwm ajymvdkY&w,f
rif; ig&JU trIonfawGtwGuf umuG,fwJhae&mrSm uRrf;usifrIudk rif;rodygbl;
rif; tckjzpfwmxufawmif ydkNyD;'ku©a&mufoGm;edkifw,f
rif; tzrf; cHedkifvm;
rif;
rif; tckuae oHk;&ufavmuf tzrf;cHedkifvm;
pm&GufawG tukef&NyD;NyD
aemufwpfcku rif;axmif xJrSm wpfywf eSpfywfavmufae&wmxuf
ydkqdk;wmawG jzpfrSmudkvnf; igpdwfraumif;bl;
rif;rSm xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufcGifh
'grSr[kwf vmvnfydkifcGifh &Sdvm;
r&Sdbl;q&m r&Sdbl;
uRefawmf ruGm&Sif; csifbl;
uRefawmf rdom;pkeJY twljyefaecsifw,f 'Dudpöudk cifAsm;wwfedkifoavmuf tcsdefqGJxm;ay;
tckvdk tcsdefay;wJh twGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f
aus;Zl;yJ
eifuawmh vSaewmyJaemf
-eifh&JU oli,fcsif;vm; -tJhwpfa,mufu vlwpfa,mufudkpHkprf;aewmyg
-b,foludkvJ -aocsmvnf;rodygbl;
[efvdkY ac:w,fwJh olYudkjrifzl;vdkUvm; 'DvdkemrnfeJY wlwJYvludka&modvdkUvm;
&Sif bmrSm rSmvJ
'defcJnyf xm;wJh[rfbm*g wpfyGJ
NyD;awmh aumfzDwpfcGuf
-b,fvdk csdpf rsdK;vJ -b,fvdktrsdL;tpm;qdkwm eifodygw,f abbD
a*:zD okyf vm;
-r[kwfbl; ig qvwf&GufyJ ,lr,f -&Sif qvwf &Gufrpm;ygbl;
aemufwpfrsdK;ajymif;pm;&if aumif;r,fxifvdkY
a'gufwmu vnf;ightwGufaumif;w,fvdkYajymw,f
qvwf &GufyJrsm;rsm;vkyfvmay;yg
iga&SUae iSm;vdkufNyD eif jzpfapcsifwJhyHkpHtwdkif;aygh eifh&JU aumifudk oGm;ajymcdkif;vdkufNyD
-ig w&m;&Hk;udk oGm;zdkYtoifhjzpfaeNyD -&Sif oGm;oifhygw,f
igu twloGm;r,fvdkYajymwm
tdk; *Ref
'g &SifhtMuHvdkYxifxm;wm
-uRefrwdkY rcGJcifuwnf;uaygh -igwdkY cGJraeygbl; eifu xGufoGm;wmyg
ig tvkyfr&SdawmhwJhaemufwpf&ufrSmyJ igh om;eJY xGufoGm;wmav
-raumif; bl;qdkwmuRefr odygw,f -igrSm eifwdkYeSpfa,muftwGuf tdrfrSmwpfckckygvmw,f
-igNyD;rS yJ,lvmcJhr,f -bmawGvJ
pm;p&meJY ydkufqHaygh
&Sif uRefrukd tckay;edkifrvm; &Sifem&D rxdk;cif uRefr twef;&Sdao;w,f
-igNyD;rS vmcJhr,f -&Sif 'Dn vmvdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;
-bmjzpfvdkYcJ eifcsdef;xm;wm&SdvdkYvm; -uRefr tckrajymedkifbl;
eifu tck'gudkrajymedkifbl;vm; eifu NyD;&ifa&m 'gudkrajymedkifbl;rvm;
-b,ftcsdefrS 'gudkajymedkifrSmvJ -awmif;yefygw,f
-rif;ajymwmu bk&m;ocifu tif;tm;MuD;w,fqdkwm -ig edkvef udktJh'drSm vmawGUr,f
-ol tJh'drSm &Sdaer,fr[kwfvm; -'gu roifhawmfwJh tcsdefav
ig olUudkawGUrS &r,f
NyD;awmh eifh udka&myJ
igwdkY&JU tem*wftwGuf eifhudk ta&;MuD;wJhpum;awGajymp&m&Sdw,f
-*Ref uRefr -rif; ighabmif;bDudk bmvkyfxm;vJ Munfhtkef;
-rif; abmif;bDu bmjzpfvdkYvJ -pkwfysufaeNyD
-aumif;NyD -igwdkY jyóemwpfckckjzpfaewmvm;
0ifvmNyd;awmh bmvdkYaygufu&awGajymaewmvJ
udk,fhudk udk,f 'ku©r&SmygeJY ylzif; igwdkY [dkbufrSmqdk tqifajyrSmyg
igwdkY [dkbufrSmajymvdkY&w,frvm; rif;abmif;bD vnf;oefY&Sif;vdkY&w,f
tjyifudkxGufvmcJh [kwfw,f tjyifudkoGm;r,f
-tdwf udkcsxm;vdkuf -'gu befrGef 1201 r[kwfbl;vm;
ig rif;udk bmrS rvkyfygbl;
tdkau ig tdrfrSSm;oGm;wmxifw,f
-[kwfw,f -'DvdkyJav
r[kwfbl; olrvkyfygbl;
-olu *Refyg -*Ref vm;
olUa,musfm; av
uRefr u *suf &JU oli,fcsif umvm yg
ylzif; uav
uRefr uav;xdef;aewmyg
uav;xdef; ay;aewmvm;
-*suf b,frSmvJ -rar; xm;bl;av
rif;wdkY wDAD eYJ raumif;wJhum;awG Munfhaewmvm;
-[kwfw,f igwdkY&JU usef;rma&;twGufaygh -rif; ighudkaoewf eJYcsdefcJhwmyJ
0dk; 0dk; 0dk; igtck ta0;MuD;rSm xm;vdkufygNyD
eifwkdYawG ighuav;a&SUrSm vkyfaeMuwmaygh
olu tdyfaewmyg
rif; olUudkedk;atmifrvkyfcifxdaygh *Ref
igjyefvmwJhtcsdefus&if rif;xGufoGm;wmyJjzpfjzpf t0wfjzpfjzpf 0wf xm;&ifaumif;r,f
ighrdef;r eJY ighuav;tdrfrSm rif;&JU oem;p&maumif;wJh zifajymifMuD;udkrjrifcsifbl;
a[h a[h taz yg
taz vdkYac:ygtkef;
bmrS rjzpfygbl; bmrSrjzpfygbl;
-uRefr udkay;wmydkaumif;r,f *Ref -olu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ
tdk; olu &SifhudkrS jrifzl;aeus r[kwfwm
ighudk jrifzl;aeus r[kwfbl;qdkwm bmudkajymwmvJ
-bmrS rjzpfygbl; uav;&,f -ol bmjzpfaewmvJ
olYudk b,folawGbmvkyfxm;vdkYvJ
ol enf;enf;aMumufoGm;wmyg
[kwfw,f uav; udkajymaewm
tqifajyvm;
a[h
'DrSm bmawGUcJhw,fqdkwm *sufudkajymvdkuf&rSmvm;
ighudk 'gawmh ,Hkyg
b,fvdkrsdK;vJ
tazh udkekwfqufvdkufygtkef;
rif; rsufeSmudk Munfh&wm
rif; ighudkrSwfrdaewJhyHkpHyJ
rif; bmaMumifh rif;tdrfrSm rvkyfedkifwmvJqdkwmudk igodcsifaewm
bmaMumifhvJ qdkwmrif;odygw,f *Ref
igu awGUorQ udkvdkufvkyfwwfwmav
ighu oem;p&maumifav;yg
rif; bmaMumifh 'DrSm qufxdkifaew,fqdkwmudkvnf; igpOf;pm;vdkYr&bl;
aumif;NyD
'DrSm ighudkxGufoGm;zdkYajymwJholwpfa,mufrS r&Sdbl;
udk,fh[mudk udk,fjyefvkyfwwf wJh aumifawGu 'DvdkygyJ
apmifhraeygeJY
aumif;NyD *Ref 'gu bmrSr[kwfygbl;
rif;eJY apmapmvmcJhoifhw,fvdkY igajymcsifwm
rif; a,musfm;av; yDZm vkyfwmjrif&wmaygh
'gudk iga&cJaowÅm xJxnfhxm;&rSmvm;
'gu toHk;0ifr,fhyHkyJ
rif; ighudk pdwfwdkaewmvm; *Ref
ighudk aoewfeJY csdefwmudk igrMudKufbl;
t&l;wpfaumif 'Dudk0ifvmcJhr,fqdk&if
rif; bmvkyfrSmvJ
ighuav; ab;rSm'Dvdkjzpfaewmudkvnf; igrMudKufbl;
tdk; vkyfprf;yg rif;vdkrsdK; rkqdk; &ifhrmMuD;wpfa,mufuvm;
ig r,HkedkifatmifyJ
trSefu igeJY rif;eJYu twlwlygyJ
ol owfcJhwmawGtwGuf
aemifwr&wJh vlrsdK;udk
ig rif;udkjrifae&ovdkyJ
-ol bmawG oGm;cJhvJqdk wmukdaygh -[kwfvm;
-rif; 'DrSm &Sdaewm *sufodvm; -rif; bmaMumifholUudkoGm;rar;wmvJ
-ig ar;rSmyg rif; vkyfvdkY&wmyJ *Ref
rif;*suf &JU tdwfxJudk ypönf;aumif;aumif;av;awG xnfhay;wJhtcgus&if
rif; olUudk tdkbD udkodvm;vdkYar;vdkuf
tdkbFD'efaumepf udk twdkaumufajymwm
'gu vnf; [ef eJYtwlwlygyJ
awmfawmh *Re
igwdkY t&ifu &if;eSD;zl;avmufygw,f
-[kwfvm; b,fvdkrsdK;vJ -igwdkY eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm udkjyefvSnfhMunfh&r,f
rjzpfpavmuf aiGav;twGuf
rif;eJY twlawmifawGay:udkwufvdkufqif;vdkufeJY tdkbDaumepf u &ufaygif;rsm;pGm ukefqHk;zl;w,fav
rif;u
eSpfawGtrsm;MuD; MumNyD;awmh tck jrdKUudkjyefvmNyD
rif;awmfawmfqdk;qdk; awGeJY MuHKqHkxm;wmudk igodaewmu vGJvdkY
trsm;MuD; rajymif;vJoGm;ygNyD
'D&ufawGxJrSm rif;ydkufqHawmh odyftqifajyrSmr[kwfbl; [kwfw,frvm; *Ref
rif; EGm;jcHu qdkwm igrrSwfrdbl;jzpfaew,f
rif; tdwfudk rxm;cJhawmhbl;aygh *Ref
rif; ighudkodvdkYvm;
odr,f rxifygbl;
'gqdk bmvdkY ighudkMunfhaewmvJ
t&ifu rawGUzl;vdkYaygh
'Dtdrf awGu &JawG udkiSm;zdkYroifhawmfbl;qdkwmudl igodygw,f
rif; 'Duwpfa,mufa,mufeJY oufqdkif&r,f
[kwfw,frvm;
'Dtay:rSm aewJh vleJY igeJYodw,fav 'gyJaygh
igwdkY odwm wpfa,mufwnf;vm; rodbl;
rif; odwJh vlu b,folwkef;
-olwdkU tdrfrSm r&SdMubl; -r&Sdbl; vm;
-[kwfw,f -'gqdk r[kwfavmufawmhbl;
awmfawmf qdk;vm;
-[kwfw,f tJh'drSm -udkifxm;
tckvdk tcsdefay;wJhtwGufaus;Zl; wifygw,f *Ref
rif; tvkyf&Sdvm; *Ref
&Sdw,f trsm;MuD;yJ
ydkufqH trsm;MuD;&wJh tvkyfawmh r[kwfbl;aygh
vkyfazmfudkifzufawG usqHk;oGm;awmh *a&'D vJ usqHk;oGm;wmaygh
olUtar twGufawmh aumif;aumif;vkyfay;cJhr,fvdkY xifwmyJ
'Daumifav; tJhvdkvkyfedkifwJhtwGuf ig*kPf,lygw,f
'gayr,fh ol jcHxJudk wpfacgufxufydkNyD;
jyefrvm awmhbl;rvm; olUudktjypfwif&vnf; cufwmyJ
'D&ufydkif;awGrSmawmh tjyifrSmae&wmu ydkNyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;zdkY aumif;aerSmaygh
EGm;edkUuae vnf; ydkufqH uodyfr&bl;av
ig t&ifu tJhvdkrsdK; tcsdefjynfhvkyfwJhol rawGUzl;bl;
*a&'D xGufoGm;awmh oltarh tay:awmh yHkrusoGm; bl;av
'gqdk
rif;pdwfxJrSm &Sif;vif;aeNyD
rif;&JU jcH a[mif;rSm tvkyfvkyfcsifcJhr,fqdk&if
ig rif;udktvkyfay;aewmaemf
tvkyfaumif;yJ a&&Snfvkyf&rSm
uRefawmfh taz vkyfwkef;uxuf cifAsm;u 'DjcHudk ydkNyD;atmifjrifatmif vkyfedkifwmyJ
'gu trSef yJav
cifAsm;aMumifh olqHk;&HI;cJhwmr[kwfygbl;
cifAsm; tvkyfay;wJhtwGufvnf;aus;Zl;wifygw,f
tpk&S,f,m oabmrsdK; pdwf0ifpm;vm;
-trdIufawG rjzpfoGm;cifaygh -uRefawmfpdwf0ifpm;ygw,f
aumif;NyD
'Daumif twif;vkyfaewkef;yJvm;
24 em&D twGif; eSpfcg &SdaeNyD
a[mfvefbdpf udkoGm;wmaerSm
aemufajcmufeSpfavmufMuwJh tcsdefa&muf&ifawmh
wpfa,mufa,muf 'Dae&mudk 0,fzdkYvmMunfhrSmyJ
-'D ae&muae xGufoGm;rSmvm; -rif;rajymedkifbl;vm; *Ref
ol &JUordkif;udkodxm;wJh a'ocHvlawGuawmh wpfa,mufrS 'Dae&mudk 0,frSmr[kwfbl;
tD&m eJY armfvD *lawGudkjzwfavQmuf&rSmav
rif; o&J qdkwmudk ,Hkvm; *Ref
-tJhavmufvnf; r,Hkygbl; -[kwfw,f ig vnf;twlwlyJ
'Dtay:rSm xdkifae&wmrdkufw,f
ig tJh'dtdrfrSm awmh wpfoufvHk;aerSmr[kwfbl;
rif;arG;pm; uav;udkrSwfrdao;vm;
-olwdkY towfrcH&cifrSm tD&mtwGuf tvkyfvkyfay;wJhaumifav;av -aumepf vm; -[kwfw,f
-tdkbD'ef aumepf -[kwfw,folyJ -olUudk,fol [efvdkYac:w,fav
-[kwfw,f -yDumav -[kwfw,f -[kwfw,f
tD&m qDuae tJh'dwkef;u
igausmufwkH; awG0,fcJhwmav
rif;&JU oli,fcsif; qefrGefb&pfvyf av ighudktrsm;MuD;ulnDcJhwm
-qefrGef eJY olu tD&,fqD rSmwpfcsdefwnf; tvkyfvkyfwmav -[kwfw,f
aumepf uqdwf udk"g;eJYxdk;vdkY tvkyfjzKwfcH&wmvm; 'grSr[kwf wpfckckaMumifhvm;
r[kwfbl; olEGm;r udkeSvHk;wnfhwnfh "g;eJYxdk;cJhwm
tJh'gaMumifh oltvkyfjzKwfcH&wm
a[h igtck wpfckodoGm;NyD
-olUurif;twGuf tpfudkwpfa,mufvdkyJav -qefrGef vm;
ol uGif;xdk; zdeyfawG vkyfwJhtvkyfudk rvkyfawmhbl;
ol ut&ufyJaomufaeawmhwmyJ
'gu tjcm;vlawGeJY rwlwmav
[kwfw,f 'gayr,fh vmorQvlawGeJY pum;ajymedkifw,faemf
rif; roGm;cif ydkufeJY rxdk;oGm;csifbl;vm;
[ifhtif; uRefawmfh pdwfudkoefYpifvdkufNyD
aumif;ygNyD rif;pdwfxJudk wpfa,mufa,muf 0ifvmtkef;rSmyg
wpfckcktwGufvnf;t oHk;0ifrSmaygh
-uRefawmf t&ifqHk;tvkyfvkyf&tkef;r,f -vlawmfwpfa,mufqdk&ifawmh u,fwifedkifrSmyg
rif; ighqDudkjyefvmtkef;r,frvm; *Ref
tvkyftwGufav
pdwfcsyg
-ajymyg -uRefr &Sifhudk tdrfeJY
a0;a0; aeapcsifw,f
&Sif wHcg;udkzsufNyD;awmhvnf; 0ifvmvdkYr&bl;av
NyD;awmh qDacs;apmf eHaewJhtom;udk vnf; olrsm; um;xJrSmxm;cJhw,f
*Ref vm;
ajymyg
-&Sifu bmvkyfcsifaewmvJ -bmudkvJ
&Sif vkyfcJhw,frvm;
*Ref bk&m;ocif&JU qE´ t&
&Sif 'DydkufqHawGudk b,fu&wmvJ
tJh'gu eif eJY edkvef twGufav
a':vm av;axmif ausmfawmifrSaemf
ig a&awmif ra&cJhbl;
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ *Ref
tqifajy&JUvm;
rif; jcHudk owd&ao;vm;
igwdkY jcH0,fzdkYtwGuf pum;awGajymzl;w,fav
-owd&ao;&JUvm; -eif tNrJajymaewmav
uRefr arG;jrL;a&;NcHxJrSm raecsifawmhbl;
eif aecsifygw,f
r[kwfbl; uRefr arG;jrL;a&;NcHxJrSm raecsifawmhbl;
cspfw,f abbD&,f
awmfygawmh *Ref
eif bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
edkvef &JU uav;xdef;u b,folvJ
ighudk vnf;ac:ao;w,f
*Ref *Ref
tdkau oGm;rSmyg
rif; tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
ig'DrSm &yfaew,fav
ig'DrSm &yfaew,fav
-ajymyg -acG;uawmh Zmwfodrf;oGm;NyD
-tckajymaewm b,folvJ -rif;odygw,f [kwfw,frvm;
-bmudkvJ -b,fvdk t&mawGjzpfvmrSmvJ
-bmawGvJ -rif; ,loGm;wJh [mudk
reuf jzefreufrSm jyefvmrxm;bl;qdk&if
aemufxyfaorSm uacG; r[kwfawmhbl;aemf
ig rif;udkvdkuf&SmNyD; rif;&JU vnfyif;udk vmjzwfr,f
rif; igajymwmudkMum;vm;
igajymwmudkMum;vm;
'DrSm olu vmcJhMuav
rif; {nfhonfvufcHw,frvm; *Refedk
-rif; 'DudkaomufwvGJawGvmvkyfwmvJ -[kwfwmaygh
-a[h a[h ighaumifMuD; -rif; bmawGvkyfaevJ
ightwGuf u yef;oD;0dkifqdk&if &NyD
-aoprf; -rif; bpfaumfvufwD udkrSwfrdao;vm;
r[kwfbl; olu 'geJY r&if;eSD;ao;bl;
r[kwf bl; aumfvufwD aoewfav
&efzf aoewf yJ,lvdkufyg
rif;odygw,f olaumhvef rSm ajruGufMuD;&oGm;wmav
vGefcJhwJh av;eSpf ig;eSpfavmufu
ig wdkY 'Drdk udktwlwlvkyfcJhMuwmav
rif; olUudkodygw,f
tdk; vkyfprf;yg
ol paeNyDav
igwdkYbmaMumifholUudk bpfaumfvufwD vdkYac:wmvJ
rif; tJh'dudk oGm;MunfhvdkufwmeJY
rif; vlwpfydkif;yJ jrifae&w,fvdkYxifoGm;r,f
owdawmh xm;aemf
-'gu olUnDr 0rf;uGJ refqD -refqD vm;
[kwfw,f olY&JUaemufausmubufrSm
jcaoFh yHk wufwl;&Sdw,f
aemufausm bufrSmvm;
rif; ighudk OD;pm;awmhay;ygaemf
olUtwGuf 'Daumifhudk [def;a[mufvmatmif vkyfvdkuf
-b,fvdkvJ -igrodbl; igrodawmhbl;
pOf;pm;yg ightpfudk wpfa,mufudk 'Dn igxdef;edkifygw,f
-ig rodbl; -vkyfprf;yg *Ref
rif; &UJ vkyfazmfudkifzuf a[mif;u ighudkaoewfeJYcsdefw,fav
-raeUn u -igh&JU vkyfazmfudkifzufa[mif; vm;
[kwfw,f ig0ifoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm
ol uighuav;xdef;udk vkyfaewmav
tdkbD'rfca&mepfvm; olUudk,fol [efvdkYac:w,fav
qdk;vdkufwm igaemufqHk;Mum;cJhwmu
'DacG;rom; *&if;AD;vdyfpf rSm vkyfae&w,fvdkYMum;wm
oltJh'drSm r[kwfawmhbl;
olUudk,fol jyefcufatmifvkyfaewm
tD&,f eJY armfvD eJY towfcHvdkuf&wmudk
ol &J udkoGm;ajymwmav
rif;&JY oHk;a&mifpyf acG;av;a&m b,fa&mufaevJ
ig 'DudkvmwJhtcsdefwdkif; igha&SUrSm eefYeefYwufaewmyg
rif;'Dudkra&mufcifwpfem&DavmufuyJ olypfowfcHvdkuf&w,f
ypfowfcH&w,f b,folypfwmvJ
ig rjrifvdkufwJhwpfa,mufa,mufaygh
wpfa,mufa,mufqdkuwnf;u taMumif;jycsufawmh&Sd&r,f r[kwfvm; *Ref
rodbl; igvnf;rcefUrSef;wwfawmhbl;
aumif;NyD
taMumif;jycsufawmh &Sd&r,f
uRefrwdkY 'DrSm txD;usefaeNyD aumifav;awG
olUudkol csdefxm;wmvm;
qefrGef
aoprf; bmjzpfaewmvJ Munfhygtkef;
qefrGef uajymw,f
ig vrf;jyygr,f
&Sifwpfckck udk,HkMunfaew,fvdkY qefrGefu ajymw,f
ighrSm rdef;r&Sdw,fqdkwmudka&molajymvm;
olu &Sifhudk xm;oGm;w,fvdkYolajymw,f
NyD;awmh &Sifpdwfudk tem;,lzdkYvdkw,fvdkYvJ ajymw,f
[kwfvm;
uRefr udk &SifcHpm; zdkY tqifoifha&mufaeNyDav
aoprf; uRefr em&D b,frSmvJ
rdk;rd&if ysufoGm;rSmyg
uRefr udk&Smulygtkef;
-uRefr ig;eSpforD;uwnf;u 'gudk&xm;wm -'gvm;
[kwfw,f
qefrGef
ajymyg
eHywfrSm;wmyg *Refedk
igwpfMudrfrSm tjyifxGufcJhw,fav
'gaMumifh igvnf;olUudkjyefvkyfvdkufw,fav
ig &JU t&IyfawGudk&Sif;ae&ovdkrsdK;
ig vnf;paomif;usef;awmhwmyJ
tJh'daumifvJ t&rf;udkaMumufoGm;w,f
olUightay:wGJavmif MuD;usvmwmav
eifajymcJhr,fqdk&if &JawGajc&mcHvdkufrSmyJ
ig olUwdkYudkrS rcdkif;cJhwm
eifwdkY&JU MuufruawmfoHawGudk &yfygawmh
ighacgif; udk
wltMuD;MuD; eSpfvufeJYvmxkaeovdkyJ
rif; orif;awGudk trJvdkufaewkef;yJvm; *Refedk
tif;
-'gu rxl;qef;bl;vm; -eif wpfae&m&mudk oGm;edkifrvm;
&SifyJ uRefrudkaumif;aumif;aeqdk
-refqD -bmvJ
vmyg vmprf;yg
tjyifoGm;NyD;awmh uef'DxJ 0ifaeawmh
uyfap;enf;NyD; &dkif;wJh tzdk;MuD;awG
bdkif;
ig bmajym&rvJ *Refedk rdef;rawG &JUobm0udku t&IyfxkwfMuD;
bk&m;ocif &JUtpdrf;a&mifurÇmMuD;rSm rif;,HkMunfaewmydkaumif;w,f
aemufrS vmawGUr,f
jidrfjidrfae aumifav; &Sif uRefrwdkYudk aoatmifajcmuf vdkufwmvm;
awmif;yefygw,f igeifh udktjcm;wpfa,mufa,mufvdkY xifoGm;vdkYyg
&Sifhvdk vlrsdK;udk b,folu vmwdkufcdkufrSmvJ
jidrfjidrf aeaumifav;
-bk&m;a& *RefrGef -tdyfridkuf bl;rvm;
rdk;xJrSmvm; rpöwm q,feSpfa,mufeJYav
-ig &pfiSuf udkawGUvdkufw,fxifaewm -'grSr[kwf orif vm;
ig rif;udk'DtaMumif;eJYyufoufNyD;ajymrSmr[kwfbl;
ol tvkyfurf;vSrf;wmudk &SifvufcHrSmvm;
ig 'gudkpOf;pm;zdkYtcsdefr&ao;bl;
&Sif vkyfoifhw,faemf udk,f0goemygwJhtvkyfeJY
ydkufqH &wJhtvkyf wpfxyfwnf;uswJhtvkyfrsdK; vlwdkif;&wm r[kwfbl;aemf
odk;arT;&dwfNyD; EGm;edkYnpf wmudkvm;
NyD;awmh uRefr u &SifhvdkyJ ol&JUorD; tazu puf&HkxJrSm vkyfae&&if olaooGm;vdrfhr,f
[kwfw,f
uRefr&JY aEG&moD pD;yGm;a&;oif;wef;rSm
uRefrwdkY tjrwfcGJa0wmudk oif&w,fav &Sif bmvJodvm;
ig rodygbl; 'gayr,fh eif ighudkoifay;zdkYawmif;qdkygw,f
tvkyform;wpfa,mufu oltvkyfvkyfwJh
ukrÜPDrSm &S,f,m enf;enf;avmufydkifr,fqdk&if
uRefrvm; tazh udktJhvdk tMuHay;r,fav
uRefr tvkyfvkyfr,fvdkY olUudkajymr,f
uRefr&JU vpm eJY olY&JUjcHudkenf;enf;jyef0,frvdkYav
eifu igh&JU udk,fykdifjcHudkenf;enf;av; jyef0,fcsifaewmvm;
*RefrGef
&Sif aemufudkyJjyefMunfhaer,fqdk&if b,fawmhrS a&SUudka&mufrSmr[kwfbl;
eif tarG&r,fh[mawG r&awmhrSmudkeif pdk;&drfaewmaerSm
uRefru wpfckawmifrvdkygbl; uRefr toufoHk;q,fa&muf&if rDvsH em MuD;jzpfaeavmufNyD
uRefr&JU ygwemvdkrsdK; uRefrrSm vkyfp&mawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdygw,f
-eif 'gawGtm;vHk;udkcefYrSef;edkifw,frvm; -uRefr &SifhudkyJ ,HkMunfwmyg
uRefr tarGtrsm;MuD;&atmif &SifyJvkyfay;edkifrSmyJav
eifwdkYawG ausmif;rSm bmawGoif&w,fqdkwmudk eifhtaz odvm;
rodygbl; &Sif uRefr&JU udk,fydkiftqkdjyKcsufeJY
&SifolUqD udkoGm;wkef;u oleJY 'DtaMumif;awG rajymcJhwJhtwGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f
'gudk awG;aew,f [kwfw,frvm;
opfawm xJuaejyef&if owdxm; ajcacsmf vdrfhr,f
uRefr twGufpdwfrylygeJY
uRefru jrif;pD;uRrf;usifwJhaumifrav;yg
*Refvm;
&Sif bmawGvkyfaewmvJ
tdk;
ig iSufvdkufypfaewmyg
'DxJrSmvm;
ig tckav;wifrS jyefa&mufwmav
uRefr ,lp&mav;awGvm,lwmyg
-bmawGvJ -uRefr&JU AD&dk xJrSm uRefrt0wfawG&Sdaewkef;yJav
uRefr 'gawGudkyJwpfcsdefvHk; r0wfedkifbl;av
bmjzpfvdkYvJ eif uvSygw,f
uRefr 0ifvmvdkY&rvm;
pdwfat;at;xm;yg igrif;twGuf,lay;ygr,f
eif xGufoGm;uwnf; txJrSm b,favmuf&IyfyGaew,fqkdwm eifMunfhcsifrSm r[kwfavmufbl;
pdwfcsyg
awGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f
qDq,fedkbdkif;u ighudk tcsdefjynfhtvkyfwpfckvkyfzdkY urf;vSrf;vmw,fav
*a&'D ausmif;udkoGm;wmeJYaygh
[kwfvm; &Sif 'gudk vkyfzdkY*kPf,laew,frvm;
eifu 'Dvdk xifw,faygh
igawGUzdkYtwGuf pDpOfxm;NyD;ygNyD
ighudk,fydkifvkyfzdkY ol&JYajrudk enf;enf;avmufcGJa&mif; zdkYoabmwlcJhr,fqdk&if
-[kwfvm; -tif;
'gudk tjrwfcGJa0,lw,fvkdYac:w,fav [kwfw,frvm;
eifa&m b,fvdkxifvJ
uRefr xifwmu
q,fqD uolYtwGuf ukefusr,fqdk&if
b,fvdkoabmwlnDrIjzpfjzpf vkyfrSmyJ
uRefr oGm;awmhr,f
rif;rdef;r rif;uav;
ydkufqHawGudk vTJvdkuf r[kwf&ifawmh ypfowfcH&r,f
rif; bmaMumihf&Judk zkef;rqufwmvJ
aumif;NyD
vkyfprf;yg *suf vkyfprf;yg abbD
vkyfyg abbD
*suf
ig rdom;pk b,fae&mrSmvJ
uRefr bmrS rodbl;
eif ubmudk bmrS rodwmvJ
uRefr bmqdk bmrS rodbl;
t"du uawmh *sufeJY edkvef b,frSm&Sdaew,fqdkwmudk rodbl;
aumif;NyD nDrav; tjrefqHk; vdrfrmyg;eyfzdkYvdkw,faemf
uRefr udkvTwfyg *Ref oluRefrudk bmrSajymroGm;bl; aus;Zl;wifygw,f
ola&m b,frSmvJ
-b,folvJ -eifh&JU aumifudkar;aew,fqdkwmeifodygw,f
aysmfzdkYtwGuf EGm;awG acG;awGudk owfcJhwmav
eifbmaMumifhNyHK;&wmvJ eifjyHK;aewkef;yJ
-ig eifh&JU vufaumif0wf udkcsdK;vdkufrSmaemf -aMumifaewmi uRefr&JUcspfolr[kwfbl;
oltJhvdkYcHpm;ae&wmukd olUqDu Mum;cJhwm
ig olUudkb,frSm&SmvdkY&r,fqdkwmudk eifodw,frvm;
*Ref oltHhMorSmr[kwfbl; olwpfa,muf a,mufudk&Smcsif&if
-ol vdkuf&SmrSmyJ -bmvdkY eifu umvm &JU tajz udkrajzao;wmvJ
-olapmifhaewmu ighudkr[kwfbl;av -eif enf;enf;avmufMudK;pm;&r,fxifw,f
uRefr &Sifh&JU axmufyHhrIaMumifh rjzpfraevkyfae&wmaemf
-&Sifu wu,fudk rif;om;ygyJ -eifodw,f rvm; 'DrSm
raeYu wu,faumif;wJht&mav;a&muf&Sdvmw,f
tvkyfvm&Smwmav olUqDrSm eifrydkifqdkifwJh t&meSpfck&Sdw,f
udk,fEIwftrIt&m ,Ofaus;w,f &if om;MuD;uvnf; MuD;w,f
olU&JU eHywfxm;cJhzdkYajymvdkufw,f
olUtoufatmifhxm;w,fqdkwm aocsmygw,f
-ol b,frSmvJ -ol unbufrS vIyf&Sm;wm
bdkerfZm rSm &SmMunfh
'gu odyfrqdk;bl;rvm;
rif;'Dudk wpf&ufeSpf&ufavmufjyefrvm&ifaumif;r,f *Ref
ol wpfckckcGJoGm;&if eifay;&r,faemf
a[h a[h tvsifrvdkygeJY
aeYvnfpm pm;wmtqifajywmrvm; *Ref
rif; bmaMumifh ighudka&SmifNyD;oGm;aewmvJ
rif; b,fuae vmwmvJ ig&Hk;udkyJvmwmvm;
-igvkyfxm;wJh pm&GufawGudk vufrSwfxdk;zdkYav -tck rtm;ao;bl;
cPaetkef; rif; bmudkrS oabmrwlcJhbl;rvm; owda&m &ao;vm;
-igwdkYu rif;&JUtcGifhta&;udk umuG,faewmav -cPapmifhtkef;
igarQmfvifhxm;wJhtcsdefxufawmh aemufrusapeJYaemf
igwdkY 'DaeUvnfcif;avmuf ajymvdkY&rvm;
rif; aemufxyfaqG;aEG;p&mawG &Sdaeao;w,frvm;
-uGm;&Sif;zdkY udpötjyifudkav -bmudkvJ
bmudpöudkvJ
ig vdkif;ay:rSm tdyfaewmr[kwfbl; *Ref
rif;rSm zdtm;awG trsm;MuD;&Sdaew,fqdkwmudk igodygw,f
ig Mum;xm;wmawG&Sdw,f
trSm;av; wpfck eSpfckaMumifh
b0wpfckvHk;ysufqD;oGm;rSmudk igrMunfhcsifbl; rif; b0wpfckwnf;r[kwfbl; *Ref
rif; bmajymcsifwmvJ
awG;p&maumifav; &Sdao;w,fav edkvef
olu 'DxJrSm rygbl;aemf
[kwfwmaygh oleJY oufqdkifwmaygh *Ref olu rif;&JUom;yJav
jyóem trsm;pku xifoavmufvJ rqdk;ygbl;
rif;udkaemufuG,fu aervkyfMuHcif
rif; aqG;aEG;vdkYvnf;&w,fav
cifAsm;rSm ajymp&mwpfckck&Sd&if zGifhajymvdkuf
'DjrdKUav;ay:rSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mawGu wpfcsdefwnf;jzpfay:aew,f
'DjrdKUi,fav;rSm a&SUaeawGu ajccsif;&Iyfaewmyg
'DrSm w&m;Oya'&Sdygw,f
uRefawmfh &JUwpfckwnf;aomjyóemu uRefawmfh rdom;pkjyefvmzdkYyJ
cifAsm; uRefawmfh udk'grulnDedkifbl;qdk&if cifAsm; eJY pum;ajymaezdkY uRefawmfhrSm tcsdefr&Sdbl;
rpöwm uRefrudk jrdKYxJjyefydkYay;edkifrvm;
rif; olwdkUwu,f&,faew,fvdkUxifaewmvm; olwdkY r[kwfygbl;
ygvwfpwpf&ifom; eJYvlawG&Sdw,faemf
olwdkY&JU [mudkawmh olwdkY&JUajcaxmufutom;eJY vkyfxm;wmaemf
q&m0efu olU[mudk jzwfvdkuf
NyD;awmh olUudkjyefcsKyfay;vdkufw,fav
-bmulnD&rvJ -aumepf qdkwJhaumif 'DrSm&Sdvm;
-rajymedkifbl; -cifAsm;u rajymedkifbl;vm;
-rajymedkifbl; -vuf&Snf&Snf ajcaxmuf&Snf&Snf eJYav
apmufoHk;ruswJh wufwl;awG&Sdw,fav cifAsm;awGUzl;vm;
olUrSm emrnfwlawGvnf;&Sdaeedkifw,f
Munfh&wm olUu tawGUrcHcsifbl;xifw,f
rawGUcsifbl; [kwfvm; ol b,ftcef;xJrSmvm;
tcef; cGef xJrSm rif; vmaew,fqdkwmudk igolUudkajymay;r,f
uRefawmf udk,fwdkifyJ oGm;vdkufygr,f
NyD;awmh uRefawmf 'Dudkvnf;rvmcJhbl;aemf
rif;u awmfwJhaumifav;yJ [kwfw,frvm;
igu tJhvdkaumif r[kwfbl;
-ajymyg -wHcg;zGifhay;yg tcef;oefU&Sif;a&;yg
aoprf;
rif; 'Dudk bmvmvkyfwmvJ
ig [ma0;udk oGm;cJhw,f rif; vmawGpOf;pm;aewmvJ
rif;twGuf ydkufqHawGvGJvdkufrSmudk apmifhaewmvm;
ig'gudk vkyfNyD;NyDav ighvl ig vkyfNyD;oGm;NyD
-[kwfvm; rif;vkyfNyD;NyDvm; -aovdkufawmh
ighudkjyóem vm&SmaeNyD
eSpf&ufawmif ighaumifawGeJY &Sdaewm
rif; ydkufqH awG&atmifrvkyfedkifbl;qdk&if
igwdkY aq;twGuf tvkyf&Iyf&awmhr,f rif;em;vnfNyDvm;
rif; ighudk,HkrS &r,fav [kwfNyDvm;
ig ydkufqHawG jyef&zdkY eD;pyfaeygNyD
rif;&JU tcef;azmfudkrS rif;r,HkMunf&if rif;b,fol udkoGm;,HkrSmvJ
aumif;aumif; vkyfprf;yg
zifacgif;xJuawmh bmtMuHrS xGufrSmr[kwfbl;
rif; tjyifudka&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefus&if
rif;&JU tcsdefawGudk olcdk;awG vlowform;awG vlvdrfawGeJYyJ
ukefqHk;cJhw,fqdkwmudk rif;odvmvdrfhr,f
[kwfw,f 'grSefw,f rif;aumvdyf udkvmwkef;u
igwdkYawG aecJhwJhuvyf twdkif;yJav rif;tJh'gudk b,fvdkac:cJhwmvJ
wuúodkvfvli,ftzGJY rif;u aMumifawmifawmifaumifyJ
[kwfw,f tJh'dvdkyJav
ydkufqHawGu b,fae&mrSmvJ
ausmufwGif;xJu 'D &Snfhav;awGu
qufrajymeJYawmh olUemrnfu b,folvJ
*RefrGef ol b,frSm xm;xm;w,fqdkwmudk
awmh igaocsmrodbl; 'gayr,fh em;axmifygtkef;
ig olU&JU rdef;reJY uav;eJY &if;eSD;ygw,f
-&SmzdkYtwGuf igeJY tvkyfwlwlvkyfyg -ol &oGm;w,fqdkwm aocsmvm;
rif; jrifcJhvm;
rjrifcJhygbl; 'gayr,fh ol&oGm;w,fqdkwmudkawmh igodw,f
-aumif;ygNyD *sD&rf b,frvJ -ig vnf;rodbl;av
olU tarqD oGm;wmaerSmaygh 'grSr[kwf wpfae&m&mudk
ol b,fawmhurS ighqDudk xGufroGm;zl;bl;
ol b,frSmvJ
ig vnf;rodbl;av olwpfckckudkaMumufaewmvm;rSrodwm 'grSr[kwf wpfckckudk
rif; vdrfaewmyJ ighudk rvdrfprf;ygeJY
ighaumifrav; b,frSmvJ
-b,frSmvJ -olaooGm;NyD
ig olUudk uGefwdefem xJrSmawGUcJhwm
-,HkMunfay;yg -ol olaooGm;NyDvm;
ig rif;udkajymrjycsifbl;av\ igrif;udk a'govnf;rxGufapcsifbl;av
ig vkyfwmr[kwfbl;aemf
tMurf;zuform;aumif
rif; ighudkt&rf; vkyf&cufwJh tajctaerSm vkyfcdkif;w,f
ig *RefrGefudk udkifwG,fr,fvdkY igwdkY oabmwlxm;w,fvdkU igxifw,f
[vdk
*RefrGefu 'dk;eyf pm;wJholwpfa,mufvm;qdkwmudk igodcsifw,f
'gu cifAsm; vdkcsifwmrvm;
-'g ig&JYaemufqHk; -rif; udkigowfvdkufrSmaemf olb,frSmvJ
-*Ref -igh om;b,frSmvJ
*Ref rif;pdwfwdkaewmudkigem;vnfygw,f ighudk pum;ajymcGifhav;ay;ygtkef;
-ighrdef;rb,frSmvJ olb,frSmvJ -*suf raeUu ighudkvmawGUcJhw,f
aemufwpfck olb,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwmu
igrif;vnfyif; udk&dkufcsdK;vdkufrSmaemf
ig rif;&JU a&SUaewpfa,muftaeeJY olUudkajymwmyg rif;udk ajymzkdUudkvnf; igcGifhrjyKcJhygbl;
-'gayr,fh olu wif;cHaew,f -rif; 'Dzkef;udk aumufudkifvdkuf
-NyD;awmh igrdom;pkudkac:xm;wJhaumifudk qufvdkuf -rif;&JU rdom;pkudkvm;
*Ref *Ref ig ig
rif;pdwf &IyfaxG;aew,fvdkUigxifw,f *sufu rif;udkajymzdkY ighudkawmif;qdkcJhw,f
ol atmufbdk; vrf;r ay:rSm igrajymoifh bl;vdkYxifvdkYyg
olaMumufaew,f *Ref
ol rif;udkem;rvnfedkifawmhbl;wJh rif;'DydkufqHawGeJY yufoufNyD;ajymaewmawG
b,fu &w,fqdkwmawGudk ol rpOf;pm;wwfatmifjzpfaeNyDwJh
rif;u 'DydkufqHawGu rdk;ay:u usvmwJhyHkpHtwdkif; ajymaew,fwJh
rif; bmawG vkyfcJhw,fqdkwmudkvJ olrodbl;wJh
'grSr[kwf rif;vkyfcJhwmawGu
rif;tay:udk vm; olUtay:udkvm;
-txl;ojzifh edkvef tay:udkusa&mufvmrvm;qdkwmudkvnf;aMumufaew,f -cifAsm; uRefawmfhudkjcdrf;ajcmufaewmvm;
uRefawmfhudk vmNyD; rvSnfhpm;ygeJY cifAsm; olwdkYtwGuftvkyf vkyfaew,fqdkwmudk uRefawmfodNyD;NyD
-*Ref igwu,fudkrodygbl; -awmfawmh
'DydkufqHawG ub,fvdka&mufvmwmvJ b,fuae a&mufvmwvJ
igvnf;rar;cJhbl; igvnf;rif;udkrar;cJhbl;
b,fuae b,fvdka&mufvmw,fqdkwmudkaygh
raumif;wJhae&mu &wmvdkYajymcJhr,fqdk&if
w&m;Oya' twdkif;ajymif;vJzdkY igwm0ef&Sdw,f
'gu tm;vHk; vufa&SmifcsifaeMuw,fvdkYigxifw,f [kwfw,frvm;
-a0gvef udkac:vdkuf -a0gvef udkvm;
-a0gvef yJ[kwfw,f olUudkac:vdkuf -tdk; bk&m;a&
-aumepf eJYvnf;wpfa,muftvkyfvkyfaew,f -igwdkY tdkbD'ef eJY pum;oGm;ajymoifhw,fvdkUxifw,f
igwdkY tdkbD'ef udkajymvdkYr&awmhbl; olaooGm;NyD tck cifAsm; a0gvef udkyJac:yg
NyD;awmh olydkifwJh ydkufqHawGrif;qDrSm a&mufaeNyDvdkYajymvdkuf olua&m b,frSmvJ
*Ref rif;b,folUudk
ig a0gvef udkvnf;rodbl;
rif;'DrSm bmvm vkyfaewmvJ *Refedk
*Refedk rif;ighudk aoewfeJY csdefxm;wmyJ
[kwfw,f b,fvdkaevJ
igjyeftdyfoifhw,fvdkY igxifw,f
ig rxcsifao;bl;
'gudkMunfhprf; qefrGef
'Dtay:rSm rif;emrnfu bmaMumifhygae&wmvJ
'gudk tdkbD&JY [dkw,fcef; xJuawGUvmwm
ighqD vmNyD;aemufwpfnrSm rif;oGm;vdkufwm igrodbl;vdkY rxifvdkufeJY
rif; bmawGajymaewmvJ *Ref
ig tJh'dudk rSm&Sdaew,f qefrGef
tdkau
xdkifyg *Refedk ig rif;twGifaomufp&m ,lay;r,f
rif; u ighudkaomufp&m,lay;r,f [kwfvm;
rdef;uav; eSpfa,mufavmufvJ ygedkifwmaygh
rif; ighudkjyKpkr,faygh
-igu rif;udkemusifatmifvkyfyghrvm; *Refedk -ighudkajymyg qefrGef
rif; rdkufcf udkypfcJhwmvm;
ig acG;udkawmh rypfbl;
vmyg 'DuaexGufoGm;awmh vmyg 'DuaexGufoGm;awmh
rif; ighrdef;reJY ighuav;udka&m 'DvdkyJ vkyfcJhwmvm;
'DtaMumif;udkajym&atmif *Refedk
[kwfw,f ajymMu&atmif
'DtaMumif;udkajymMu&atmif
-'DtaMumif;udkajymMu&atmif -aumif;NyD
tck igajymwm rif;em;vnfoGm;NyDvm;
rif;u ighudkajymw,f
ighudkajymjy ygqefrGef
rif; ighudkcGifhvTwfyg *Refedk
'DavmufydkufqHawG trsm;MuD;u
qif;&Jom;wpfa,muftwGuf bmvkyf&rSmvJ *Refedk
rif; aomufxm;wmvm;
olaX;awGvdkaygh
'DrSm rif;twGuf
vGefcJhwJheSpf&ufu igbpfaumfvufwD eJY bkdeefZm udkoGm;cJhw,f
olUvlMuD; udkykef;&if;eJYav
ol ig&JU wd&pämefawGtm;vHk;udk 'Dudk a&TUcJhw,fav
ig 'gawGudk [eftwGuf qufrvkyfedkifawmhbl;qdk&if
ol ighudktHhMoNyD; vmawGUrSmyJ
ol ighudk MumaeNyDNzpfwJh ukwfurdkif;awG vmay;w,f
ol ighudkwpfcsufMunfhNyD;wmeJY
olUvufu 0Sufxm;wJhae&mukda&mufoGm;w,f
NyD;awmh olwl;NyD;awmh jyefjrKwfxm;wJhae&muae
wpfa,mufa,muf u vm,loGm;w,f
'gu rif;yJ *Refedk
'DydkufqHawGu igh&JU tonf;uifqm vdkyJ
ig rif;udkodvmwm eSpf eSpfq,f&SdNyD
'g igodwJh qefrGef r[kwfawmhbl;
tJh'dn udkawmh tD&m eJYarmfvD uaxmufyHhay;xm;w,f
ucsifwJh vlu uaygh
igu tdkbD'ef eJY a&bef udkausmfNyD;ajy;cJhw,f
tD&m ab;uif;zdkYtwGuf
tD&m olUudkarmif;xkwfwmawmif olu ae aeao;w,f
tck 'gawGjzpfcJhwm oHk; av; eSpf&SdygNyD
igwdkY tm;vHk;txJudk 0ifNyD; tJh'gudkzGifhvdkufw,f
txJrSm tm;vHk; vHkjcHKoGm;NyDvdkY igawG;cJhw,f
tJh'd xJrSmyJ tm;vHk;jzpfoGm;wmyJ
eSpfywfawmf rS tD&mu ighudkt&ufjyif;zdk;awGay;cJhw,f
ig bk&m;ocifudkwdkifwnfNyD;ajym&Jygw,f
igtck vdkaomufaewm
ighrSm taMumif;jycsuf&Sdygw,f
ightwGufawmh t&rf;udkxdcdkufp&maumif;wJh taMumif;jycsufaygh
ola&;xm;wJh eHywfawGeJY
rcGJedkifwJh [efwpfa,mufuvGJvdkY
igwdkY tdrfa&SUwHcg;uae0ifcJhw,f
ol tdrfay:udkajy;wufoGm;NyDawmh
c&D;p&dwftwGuf armfvD&JU &wemypönf;awGudk oGm;,lw,f
'Dae&mudk oltJhvdktdyfoGefzmarSmuf &SmaewJhtwGuf igolUtwGuf pdwfraumif;ygbl;
'gaMumifh igatmufxyfudkqif;cJhw,f
a&cJaowÅmqDudkoGm;NyD bD,m ,lNyD;awmh
wDAD xdkifMunfhaecJhw,f
q,fig;rdepfawmifrMumygbl;
tdkbD'ef atmufudkqif;vmw,f olwpfudk,fvHk;rSmvnf;aoG;awGeJY
NyD;awmh tif;tm;csif;rnDrQwJh tD&m wdkufcdkufae&wJh taMumif;udkajymw,f
ig tay:udkajy;wufoGm;awmh armfvDu aooGm;NyD awmfao;wmaygh
tD&m uawmh touf&Iaeao;w,f
aoG;awGu vnf;trsm;MuD;xGufaew,f
igyg vdkufaocsifpdwfaygufwJh tMunfhav;eJY ighudk pdkufMunfhNyD;awmh
ig olUudk vufvTwfvdkuf&w,f
igu 'Pf&m &aewJh orifMuD;vdkygyJ
tD&m u rif;udka&G;cJhwmyg
armfvD vnf;twlwlyJ
tD&m vnf; eSpfawGtukefvHk;udk
olaX;wpfa,mufvdkrjzwfoef;&awmhbl;aygh
'gayr,fh rif;odw,frvm; *Refedk
igwdkYawG tzGJUuGJoGm;wmydkaumif;w,fvdkY oluajymw,f
ydkufqHawGudk xdef;odrf;xm;wJhae&mu ae,lvmNyD;awmh
igu ighum;&yfxm;wJh ae&mudk
tacgif;ayguf twdkif;ajy;w,f
olrxGufcif txd igwdkY,lcJhwJh
olU tpDtpOfawGtm;vHk;udk igcefYrSef;cJhw,f
tck olvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;
jcdrf;ajcmufzdkYtwGufawmh rif;
aumfemudk bmrSrvkyfygeJY *Refedk
aumif;NyD olu tckaooGm;NyD vnfyif;jywfoGm;wm
rif; vkyfcJhwmr[kwfygbl;aemf *Refedk
ol vmwJhvrf;twdkif; oljyefoGm;&w,fqdk&ifawmif
ig owfcJhwmr[kwfbl; rif; oli,fcsif;vkyfcJhwm
igh rSm oli,fcsif;r&Sdygbl; *Refedk
rif;wpfa,muf uvGJvdkYaygh
rif; 'gudkvkyfzdkU enf;vrf; &oGm;NyDav
rif;udkemusifatmif vkyfzdkY igolUudkcGifhjyKrSmr[kwfbl; *Refedk
rif;udk xdcdkufatmif rvkyfcJhygbl;aemf
'gu olwdkUvdkcsifaewJh aiGaMumifhyJ
rif; bmtwGuf tJh'dydkufqHawG,lcJhwmvJ *Refedk
rif; bmtwGuf tJh'dydkufqHawG,lcJhwmvJ *Refedk rif; bmtwGuf tJh'dydkufqHawG,lcJhwmvJ *Refedk
rif; vl,kwfrm rif; bmtwGuf tJh'dydkufqHawG,lcJhwmvJ
usOfwpfawmifhavmufqdk rif;acgif;&Sif;oGm;avmufw,f *Refedk
oGm;Mu&atmif
pdwfat;at;xm;yg
-a[h -*RefrGef
-'Dudk bmvmvkyfwmvJ cspfav; -tdrfrSm vkyfwJhaygifrkefU,lvmay;wm
-tdk; -NyD;awmh [if;enf;enf;a&maygh
-uRefr udk,fwdkifyxrqHk;tMudrf &SifhtwGufvkyfvmwmaemf -eifuvm; iguHaumif;wmaygh
'DrSm bmMuD;vJ
tDwvDa[m*D; uRefr&S,fvkyfxm;wJh[maygh
eif &S,fvkyfxm;wJh[mvm;
tar a&m uRefra&m &Sifhudkpdwfylaew,f *Ref
-&Sifu bmrSrajymyJeJY 'DuaeaysmufoGm;wmav -ig bmrSrjzpfygbl;
&Sifh yHkpHMunfh&wm tqifajywJhyHkray:ygbl;
&Sif 'DvdkyHkpHr[kwfygbl;
[kwfw,f igawmifay:u owfawmfxJrSm touf&Iusyfaewm
ig&JU um;twGuf yvufacgif;topfoGm;,lwmav
uRefr aeYvnfpm jyifaewJhtcsdefrSm
a&oGm;csdK;xm;vdkuf *RefrGef
oGm;av
ightwGuf wpfckyJvkyfaemf
NyD;&if eiftdrfjyefawmh igajymwmMum;vm;
a[h tJbD
aumifrav;
ig vkyfvdkufr,f
igvkyfvdkufygr,f enf;enf;vkyf&rSmrvdkU
'gxm;zdkYtwGufae&m &Sm&tkef;r,f txJrSm jynfhaeNyDav
ig vkyfvdkufygr,f
*Ref &Siftqifajy&JUvm;
ajyygw,f ig
ig yifyef;aevdkYyg
wu,fudk yifyef;aevdkYyg
trdk;awGuGmatmif avwdkufaewmr[kwfvm; *Ref
tif;
tif; igodygw,f
igwdkY pm;Muawmhrvm;
oGm;pm;Mu&atmif
'DaeYreuf owif;rSm
raeYu jrdKUxJrSmjzpfcJhwJh vlowfrItaMumif;ygw,f
b,folowfwmvJqdkwmawmh &JawGrajymbl; tJh'd{&d,m rSm rSwfwrf;awGeJY
&if;jrpf awGawmh &Sdw,fwJh
olwdkY wpfa,mufa,mufudka&moD;jcm;awGUao;vm;
tJh'daooGm;wJhwpfa,mufeJY twlaewJh rdef;rtcef;xJrSmav
tdrfazmfru oleJYtwlawGUwm cE¨mudk,fuawmh &SmrawGYao;bl;
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ 'dkif&mbvdk
o0efwdkaewm jzpfr,f
&Sifqdk &ifawmh umuG,fr,fvdkY uRefrtNrJwrf;arQmfvifhw,f
ig u bmaumifrS r[kwfbl;av
cefYnm;w,f odrfarGUw,f 'gayr,fh tif;tm;MuD;w,f
vlom;wpfa,muf&JU tjrifeJYvm;
&Sif jynfhpHkwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf udktrdzrf;zkdUvdkawmhw,f
*RefrGef 'guaocsmwJhtvkyfyJav
&Sif txJrSm a&'D,dk zGifhcJhwmvm;
tif; xifwmyJ
igoGm;ydwfvdkuftkef;r,f eiftdrfjyefawmh
-bmjzpfvdkYvJ bmaMumifhvJ -olwdkYeifb,foGm;vJ odcsifaevdrfhr,f
uRefr vlawGtdrfrSmwpfa,mufrSr*Sdbl; NyD;awmh uRefr pm;rNyD;ao;bl;
-ig ajymovdk eiftdrfudkjyefygawmh -uRefr b,fudkrSroGm;edkifbl; *RefrGef
oludk emusifatmifrvkyfygeJU olUudk vTwfay;vdkufyg
ig rif;udk ydkufqHawGay;yghr,f
rif;aoewfudkypfcsvdkuf
tck vkyfvdkuf
atmufudkcsvdkuf
rif; "g;udk qGJxkwfvdkuf
tckMudK;,lNyD;awmh oludkwkyfvdkuf
MudK;udk,lvdkuf vkyfav
olYvufudk csnfvdkuf
olUvufudk csnfvdkufprf;yg
csnfvdkufvdkY igajymaew,fav wif;wif;csnf
rawmfwq jzpfoGm;wmyg
-ig olUudkorif eJYrSm;oGm;wmyg -orif eJYvm; [kwfNyD
tck ajcaxmufudkcsnfvdkuf ajcaxmufudkcsnfvdkufav
-ol tckb,frSmvJ -opfawm xJrSm igolUudkjrKwf vdkufNyD
ig rif;udktck tJh'dudkac:oGm;ay;vdkY&w,fav
rvdkbl; &JawGajymNyD;NyD
ig vkyfedkifwmwpfckck&Sd&if
ig jyeftpm;xdk;ay;csifygw,f
rif; olUudkvkyfcJhao;vm;
rif;udk olcspfw,fvdkYajymxm;wJhpm
olUqDu igawGYcJhw,fav
rif; olUudk [m0dkif udkac:oGm;r,fvdkUvnf;ajymxm;w,f
rif;u ighpmudkzufcJhw,faygh bk&m;a&
rif; ighudk iwHk; vdkYxifaewmvm;
aumif;NyD aumif;NyD ighydkufqHawG b,frSmvJ
awmifay:rSmyg [dkem;av;wifyg igrif; udktck tJh'dudkac:oGm;r,fav
olUudk xm;cJhvdkufyg rif;eJU igeJY oGm;Mur,fav
r[kwfbl; bmvdkY'Dvdkkvkyf&rSmvJ rif; igh&JUydkufqHawGudk oGm;,lvmay;
-igu 'DrSm oleJY aeaer,f olUemrnfb,fol -tefbD
tif; igeJY tefbD eJYu aumif;aumif;cifoGm;MurSmyg
-rif; ighudkvkyfcJhovdkaygh -olUudkvTwfay;vdkufyg
rif;eJY igeJY tck tJh'dudkoGm;Mur,f
-rif;um; b,frSmvJ -rif;eJY igeJYtwl -rif;&JU um;b,frSmvJ
tay:rSmyg tay:av;rSmwifyg
-tJh'drSm aoewfawG&Sdao;vm; -ighrSm bmaoewfrSr&Sdawmhygbl; rif;tukef,loGm;NyDav
-rif; usdef&Jvm; -usdef&Jygw,f -rif;b0 eJY&if;NyD;usdef&Jvm;
-ig b0eJY &if;NyD;usdef&Jygw,f -aumif;NyD
ig rif;udk,HkMunfcsifygw,f *Ref 'gayr,fh rif;ighaumifrav;udk owfcJhwmav
ig ,HkMunfzdkYcufaew,f rif;em;vnfw,frvm;
tck igtmrcH vdkcsifaew,f [kwfw,f
-*Ref rif;vufxkwfvdkuf -rif; tJhvdkvkyfzdkYrvdkygbl; ighudk,Hkyg
rif;vufudk pm;yGJay:wifvdkufyg
rif;aoewf udkifwJhvuf ighudk iwHk;rsm;xifaevm;
-rif; tJhvdkvkyfp&mrvdkygbl; -rif;yg;pyf[vdkY igajymaew,f
rif;vufudk tck pm;yGJay:wifvdkuf
rif;twGufawmh emusifrJhyHkyJ
tck udkufxm;awmh wif;wif;av; udkufxm;aemf
Munfh igtck rif;udk,HkoGm;NyD *Ref
tck ighydkufqHawGudk oGm;,lay;awmh
bk&m;a&
aumif;NyD txJoGm;NyDawmh rif;vufudkwpfckckoGm;vkyfvdkuf
oGm;av
eif&JU aumifav;u trsm;MuD;rvkyfcJhygbl;
tm;vHk; tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
eif uydefydefyg;yg;av;yJ
rif;jrefjrefjyefvmNyD;awmh
rif; udk,fwdkifwpfpqD vkyfcsifw,frvm;
*Ref
*Ref
ighudk us,fus,fatmfajymyg *Ref
rif; b,fae&mrSmvJ
ig eJY vmMunfhygtkef;
ig um; em;rSmyg
rif; ydkufqHawG&NyDvm;
igt&ifqHk; wl;&tkef;r,fav
enf;enf;awmh tcsdef,l&rSmaygh
igwwfedkifoavmufjrefjrefvmyghr,f
rif; tJh'drSmvnf; aoraeeJYtkef;
jrefjrefvkyf *Ref
tefbD
tefbD
tefbD
pdwfat;at;xm; cspfav;
ol eifhudk xyfNyD;emusifatmifrvkyfedkifawmhygbl;
tqifajyygw,faemf
tm;vHk;NyD;oGm;ygNyD
bmrS rjzpfygbl;aemf
oGm;&atmif x oGm;&atmif x
ajz;ajz;
t&m&Sd udkac:vdkuf
*Ref &Sifaq;&HkudkoGm;rS&rSmav
ig bmrSrjzpfygbl; tckoGm;awmh
-&Sif 'gudk*&kpdkuf&tkef;r,fav -aumif;ygNyD
igtqifajyygw,f
ig vkyfp&m&Sdwmudk t&ifoGm;vkyf&tkef;r,fav
oGm;awmh t&m tm;vHk;tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
t&m tm;vHk;tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
igtdkauygw,f bmrSrjzpfygbl;
acG;rom; igwdkY
igwdkY rif;udk [m0dkifudkawmif rac:oGm;&awmhbl;
rif; b,folUtwGufaooGm;wmvJ
eufeufav;wl; wpfa,mufrS
jyefazmfvdkYr&atmifwl;
'g rif;taz qDuyJav
[kwfw,f
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.