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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,960 okay hi everybody i just wanted to do 2 00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:04,960 another couple short videos 3 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:08,639 and please excuse the occasional 4 00:00:08,639 --> 00:00:11,679 white rings that's the in my glasses i 5 00:00:11,679 --> 00:00:14,080 can't seem to figure out how to get 6 00:00:14,080 --> 00:00:16,720 rid of that and still have lighting i 7 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:17,119 not 8 00:00:17,119 --> 00:00:20,560 some sort of cyborg who has white rings 9 00:00:20,560 --> 00:00:23,920 on my eyes that's just um anyways 10 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:25,599 i can't quite get rid of it i hope it's 11 00:00:25,599 --> 00:00:27,680 not too distracting 12 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:30,160 uh what i wanted to talk about today 13 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:31,439 pretty briefly 14 00:00:31,439 --> 00:00:35,760 was uh first the pcr 15 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:37,760 test and then i wanted to review the 16 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:39,120 latest 17 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:42,879 research on the medurna vaccine 18 00:00:42,879 --> 00:00:44,559 so they'll be broken up into two 19 00:00:44,559 --> 00:00:45,920 segments 20 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:49,200 so let's uh do the first one on the pcr 21 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:50,719 test and we've gone over this 22 00:00:50,719 --> 00:00:53,760 a number of times but i still get 23 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:55,600 questions and i think it's one of the 24 00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:58,559 most important things to understand 25 00:00:58,559 --> 00:01:00,719 particularly because there was a recent 26 00:01:00,719 --> 00:01:02,640 ruling i think by 27 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:05,920 some court system in portugal i'm not 28 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:08,080 sure if it was the supreme court or some 29 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:08,560 court 30 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:12,400 us questioning the validity of the pcr 31 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:12,880 test 32 00:01:12,880 --> 00:01:15,600 and they actually ruled that the pcr 33 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:16,560 test was not 34 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:19,840 a valid diagnostic tool which of course 35 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:20,720 it's not 36 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:25,200 a pcr test is a manufacturing tool 37 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:27,520 so let me start by saying uh one of the 38 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:28,960 most discouraging 39 00:01:28,960 --> 00:01:33,040 things that's uh arisen in this whole 40 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,640 situation since march and this probably 41 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:37,680 happened around 42 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:40,880 april or so i got an email from 43 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:43,799 one of the leaders in the uh so-called 44 00:01:43,799 --> 00:01:45,439 anti-vaccine movement 45 00:01:45,439 --> 00:01:47,600 head of one of the major physicians 46 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:49,200 organizations 47 00:01:49,200 --> 00:01:52,159 and the email was uh something to the 48 00:01:52,159 --> 00:01:55,200 effect of tom i just wanted you to be 49 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:56,399 aware 50 00:01:56,399 --> 00:01:59,920 that um there's a pcr test available 51 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:03,040 that has a 84.6 52 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:06,320 percent accuracy which she said was 53 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,479 better than some of the other ones 54 00:02:08,479 --> 00:02:12,000 and then i should consider using it 55 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,720 so of course i wrote back and said uh 56 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:16,879 thank you very much for the information 57 00:02:16,879 --> 00:02:17,840 but i would never 58 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:21,200 use a test that has anything less than 59 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:25,520 an 84.7 percent accuracy 60 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,720 and of course i was kidding uh to make a 61 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:30,000 point 62 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,720 but uh the interesting question is how 63 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:33,440 did 64 00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:36,640 how did she think these people came up 65 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:40,959 with a number 84.6 66 00:02:40,959 --> 00:02:43,000 although i must admit it could have been 67 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:44,160 86.4 68 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:45,680 because i don't remember but it's one of 69 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:47,840 those two in any case 70 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:51,519 it was 84 86 point 71 00:02:51,519 --> 00:02:55,040 something four or six so the question is 72 00:02:55,040 --> 00:02:56,560 how did they come up with that 73 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:59,680 test sorry how did they come up with 74 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:01,200 that number 75 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,599 so here is the way you could come up 76 00:03:03,599 --> 00:03:04,959 with the number 77 00:03:04,959 --> 00:03:07,760 a pcr test is what's called a surrogate 78 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:08,560 test 79 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,400 which means it's not a direct 80 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:12,319 measurement of anything 81 00:03:12,319 --> 00:03:14,560 it's a stand in for the direct 82 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:15,760 measurement 83 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:18,080 and let me give you a very clear example 84 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:19,280 of how 85 00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:22,000 you know the false positive and false 86 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,120 negative rate for a surrogate test 87 00:03:25,120 --> 00:03:27,360 imagine you wanted to do a blood 88 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:28,720 pregnancy test 89 00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:31,840 and you wanted to see how accurate it is 90 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:34,159 so one the first thing you could do is 91 00:03:34,159 --> 00:03:36,080 take 100 women 92 00:03:36,080 --> 00:03:39,280 who are 20 weeks pregnant now 93 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:41,440 the first question is are you a hundred 94 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:43,440 percent sure that all those hundred 95 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:44,319 women 96 00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:47,519 are in fact pregnant and i think most of 97 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:47,840 us 98 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:50,640 if not hopefully all of us would agree 99 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:52,000 that you could do that 100 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,799 you could feel the baby you could feel 101 00:03:54,799 --> 00:03:56,480 if the baby's kicking 102 00:03:56,480 --> 00:03:58,720 you could do an ultrasound and see if 103 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:00,080 there's actually a baby 104 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:02,720 in there you might even actually ask the 105 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:04,560 woman do you think there's a baby in 106 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:06,239 there which is not 100 107 00:04:06,239 --> 00:04:08,319 accurate but it's i guess it would be 108 00:04:08,319 --> 00:04:09,680 pretty close 109 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:11,760 and if you were also sort of stupid 110 00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:13,680 enough you could do an x-ray and see the 111 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:14,159 baby 112 00:04:14,159 --> 00:04:16,238 i hope nobody would do that but there 113 00:04:16,238 --> 00:04:17,918 are a number of ways 114 00:04:17,918 --> 00:04:20,720 that you could convince yourself that we 115 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:22,079 are a hundred percent 116 00:04:22,079 --> 00:04:25,440 sure that this woman is in fact pregnant 117 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:27,600 and there is a baby in there 118 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,080 now given that then you can do a 119 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:32,479 pregnancy test a blood or a urine test 120 00:04:32,479 --> 00:04:35,120 or any other marker that you choose 121 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:37,440 and if you do the test on all hundred 122 00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:38,240 women 123 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:41,600 and 98 of them test positive 124 00:04:41,600 --> 00:04:44,639 meaning to test negative then 125 00:04:44,639 --> 00:04:47,759 you know for sure that that test 126 00:04:47,759 --> 00:04:51,040 missed two percent of the of the women 127 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:54,320 who you know to be positive pregnant 128 00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:56,560 so there's a false negative rate of two 129 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:57,440 percent 130 00:04:57,440 --> 00:04:59,440 which is pretty good for a biological 131 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,160 test which means that if you do the test 132 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:04,880 and on somebody you know remotely and 133 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:06,240 you can't figure out whether they're 134 00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:08,400 pregnant at 20 weeks 135 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:10,320 you know that if it's positive they have 136 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:11,440 a 98 137 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:13,919 chance that it's an accurate test and a 138 00:05:13,919 --> 00:05:14,639 2 139 00:05:14,639 --> 00:05:16,240 chance that it's not accurate so you're 140 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:17,840 not 100 sure 141 00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:20,960 but you're pretty close the next step 142 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:21,600 you would do 143 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:25,600 is take 100 women who you know for sure 144 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:28,320 aren't pregnant or if you wanted to be 145 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:30,000 really sure you could even do it with a 146 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,199 hundred men 147 00:05:31,199 --> 00:05:33,360 in which case you're pretty darn sure 148 00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:35,520 that none of those men are pregnant 149 00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:37,520 or you could do it with post-menopausal 150 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:39,600 women or you could do it with 151 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:42,160 women who've had no sexual contact in 152 00:05:42,160 --> 00:05:43,440 the last year 153 00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:46,080 or any other group of a hundred women 154 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:48,400 who you are a hundred percent sure they 155 00:05:48,400 --> 00:05:50,000 are not pregnant 156 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:52,320 and then you do your test you do a blood 157 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:54,080 test or urine test 158 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,479 and let's say three of them test 159 00:05:56,479 --> 00:05:57,759 positive 160 00:05:57,759 --> 00:06:00,319 and now you know those are not accurate 161 00:06:00,319 --> 00:06:02,639 because you know they're not pregnant 162 00:06:02,639 --> 00:06:05,440 and so then you have a three percent 163 00:06:05,440 --> 00:06:08,080 false positive rate 164 00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:12,280 in order to have a test that has a 165 00:06:12,280 --> 00:06:14,880 84.6 percent false 166 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:19,680 positive or accuracy rate so that 84.6 167 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:23,280 accuracy means 15.4 168 00:06:23,280 --> 00:06:26,639 were false positive in order to do that 169 00:06:26,639 --> 00:06:29,440 by definition you would have had to do a 170 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:30,639 hundred 171 00:06:30,639 --> 00:06:34,560 uh gold standard or people that you know 172 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:38,800 actually have the corona virus 173 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:42,160 so the gold standard for a pcr 174 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:45,120 test is you take a hun a thousand people 175 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:46,800 in this example 176 00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:48,560 because if you only took 100 you could 177 00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:50,639 only say 84 178 00:06:50,639 --> 00:06:53,440 accurate if you only did 10 people you 179 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:54,960 would only be able to say 180 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:59,400 10 accurate or 20 so in order to say 181 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,639 84.6 you would have had to start with a 182 00:07:02,639 --> 00:07:04,639 thousand people 183 00:07:04,639 --> 00:07:06,800 and then you would have had to examine 184 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:08,080 all thousands of them 185 00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:11,199 who have the same disease right so they 186 00:07:11,199 --> 00:07:13,280 have the same set of symptoms 187 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:16,520 this has clearly been defined as 188 00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:19,520 covid19 sort of like chickenpox 189 00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:22,319 everybody has the same symptoms and you 190 00:07:22,319 --> 00:07:22,960 could say 191 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:25,039 clearly this is the disease called 192 00:07:25,039 --> 00:07:26,479 chickenpox 193 00:07:26,479 --> 00:07:29,520 or you have a blood clot in your lungs 194 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:33,280 you can see that with with an x-ray test 195 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:36,400 you can see the clot so you know that 196 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:36,800 all 197 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:40,080 hundred all thousand of these people 198 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,360 have covet 19. then 199 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:46,319 you do as i've described isolation 200 00:07:46,319 --> 00:07:47,479 purification 201 00:07:47,479 --> 00:07:50,680 characterization and you find the 202 00:07:50,680 --> 00:07:51,840 coronavirus 203 00:07:51,840 --> 00:07:54,879 in each of those thousands now you know 204 00:07:54,879 --> 00:07:56,800 they have the same disease 205 00:07:56,800 --> 00:08:00,319 they have the same virus then you can 206 00:08:00,319 --> 00:08:03,199 pull out the the genetic material from 207 00:08:03,199 --> 00:08:06,080 that virus that you've now isolated 208 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:09,280 you can find a unique piece of that 209 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:12,319 coronavirus you can make a marker 210 00:08:12,319 --> 00:08:15,919 or segment a primer that attaches to 211 00:08:15,919 --> 00:08:17,919 that unique piece 212 00:08:17,919 --> 00:08:22,000 and then you would do that on a thousand 213 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:22,879 people 214 00:08:22,879 --> 00:08:25,360 who don't have it and that would tell 215 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:28,400 you the false positive rate 216 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:30,720 and that would be how you would come up 217 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:34,000 with that number 84.6 218 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:37,200 now if i was speaking to a live audience 219 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:40,640 i would say the audience anybody take a 220 00:08:40,640 --> 00:08:41,200 guess 221 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:44,480 as to how many people right now in the 222 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:45,920 medical literature 223 00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:48,240 have been positively identified with 224 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:50,160 covet 19 225 00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:53,200 uh having the exact same set of symptoms 226 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:54,080 or at least very 227 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:57,760 similar who've had the virus isolated 228 00:08:57,760 --> 00:08:58,640 purified 229 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:02,000 characterized found a unique segment 230 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:04,640 so that we actually have a gold standard 231 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:05,279 and i think 232 00:09:05,279 --> 00:09:09,040 everybody by now knows i know the exact 233 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:11,920 answer to that question i know the exact 234 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:12,640 number 235 00:09:12,640 --> 00:09:16,959 it's zero therefore 236 00:09:16,959 --> 00:09:19,360 because there is nothing to compare this 237 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:20,080 pcr 238 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,120 test to not even one person 239 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:27,519 you can't say that it's 10 14 240 00:09:27,519 --> 00:09:31,760 or 84.6 or any percent 241 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:34,000 in other words and if there's anything i 242 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,000 want everybody to get take away 243 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:39,279 from this short video there is no 244 00:09:39,279 --> 00:09:42,480 such thing as a false positive pcr 245 00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:45,760 test for coronavirus nor 246 00:09:45,760 --> 00:09:49,200 is there a such thing as a false 247 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:52,959 negative test for coronavirus with a pcr 248 00:09:52,959 --> 00:09:56,320 test the test is not false positive 249 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:59,760 it's not false negative it's just plain 250 00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:03,120 good old-fashioned false it means 251 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:04,000 nothing 252 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,480 because unless you have a gold standard 253 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:09,440 you have no idea what you're testing for 254 00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:11,680 unless you've isolated the virus 255 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:13,360 sequenced the genome 256 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:15,600 found a unique segment which has not 257 00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:16,640 been done 258 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:18,880 you have no idea whether you're testing 259 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:20,240 for segments 260 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:22,800 that come from this virus or not the 261 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:24,320 test is meaningless 262 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:26,640 which is why it's such a dangerous 263 00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:27,519 weapon 264 00:10:27,519 --> 00:10:30,640 because you can make the test positive 265 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:31,680 or not 266 00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:34,079 just depending on how many cycles you 267 00:10:34,079 --> 00:10:34,959 amplify 268 00:10:34,959 --> 00:10:38,399 the sequences and that becomes a 269 00:10:38,399 --> 00:10:41,519 horrible weapon for controlling the 270 00:10:41,519 --> 00:10:42,240 numbers 271 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,920 in a so-called pandemic and i hope that 272 00:10:45,920 --> 00:10:47,839 clarifies things for everybody 273 00:10:47,839 --> 00:10:49,839 and then again in the next video we're 274 00:10:49,839 --> 00:10:51,040 going to go over 275 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:56,800 the numbers on the moduna vaccine trial 17537

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