All language subtitles for BBC.Natural.World.2020.Super.Powered.Eagles.1080p.HDTV_Eng

af Afrikaans
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian
bg Bulgarian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional) Download
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek Download
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
km Khmer
ko Korean
ku Kurdish (Kurmanji)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Lao
la Latin
lv Latvian
lt Lithuanian
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
ne Nepali
no Norwegian
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt Portuguese
pa Punjabi
ro Romanian
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
st Sesotho
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhala
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tr Turkish
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
or Odia (Oriya)
rw Kinyarwanda
tk Turkmen
tt Tatar
ug Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:12,600 High flying, 2 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:15,160 sharp-eyed, 3 00:00:15,160 --> 00:00:16,760 and fierce. 4 00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:21,600 From mountain tops 5 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:24,080 to river valleys, 6 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:26,160 eagles rule the skies. 7 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,720 Tenacious and strong. 8 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,200 They are the ultimate bird of prey. 9 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,320 Now, for the first time... 10 00:00:41,560 --> 00:00:45,840 ..we'll follow the dramatic story of a wild bald eagle family... 11 00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,520 ..witness eagles in action... 12 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:56,680 ..and join one man and his feathered friend 13 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,440 to put these icons of the air to the test. 14 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:02,680 Woohoo! What a girl! 15 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:05,160 We'll reveal what it takes... 16 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:09,480 ..and even what it feels like... 17 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:12,640 Wow! We're flying with a golden eagle! 18 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:16,680 ..to be the most powerful bird in the sky. 19 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:32,760 This is Iowa in the American Midwest... 20 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:39,840 ..and in the midst of a late winter snowfall... 21 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:42,280 CHIRPING 22 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:46,040 ..a bald eagle is trying to look after her most precious possessions. 23 00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:56,880 These two eggs must be kept at around 37 degrees Celsius 24 00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,720 if they are to hatch. 25 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:06,880 At night, temperatures plummet to minus 25. 26 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,960 By day, it's still cold enough to freeze her eyelashes. 27 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:21,080 But she'll do whatever it takes to keep these eggs safe. 28 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:30,240 Over the next few months, we'll follow them around the clock 29 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:34,160 and see what it takes to become a superpowered eagle. 30 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:52,280 Bald eagles are just one of 70 different species. 31 00:02:56,240 --> 00:02:58,240 They can look very different... 32 00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:04,160 ..but they all share a mesmerising blend of power... 33 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:07,400 ..and beauty. 34 00:03:09,640 --> 00:03:12,680 They've mastered habitats across the planet. 35 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:19,160 From harpy eagles in the rainforests of South America 36 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,200 to Steller's sea eagles in the icy North Pacific. 37 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:27,520 And fish eagles in the Great Lakes of Africa. 38 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:31,760 They live at the top of the food chain... 39 00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:37,440 ..but to dominate their world, they must overcome 40 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:39,480 some significant challenges. 41 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:45,400 They have to cover hundreds of miles on the wing, 42 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,840 spot their food at vast distances, 43 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:53,120 and tackle the largest prey of any bird species. 44 00:03:56,560 --> 00:03:59,200 BIRDS CALLING 45 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:01,720 To find out how eagles achieve this... 46 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:08,320 ..we need to meet a remarkable bird. 47 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:21,960 This is Tilly. 48 00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:27,840 A golden eagle with a wingspan of almost two metres. 49 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:32,520 But what makes her unique is the relationship 50 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:34,600 she has with her lifelong partner. 51 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,600 Bird specialist Lloyd Buck. 52 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:43,120 Hello! 53 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:45,080 Hello, my love! 54 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:47,360 Are you enjoying yourself, eh? 55 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:49,040 You're the best, ain't ya? 56 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:52,160 You're a once-in-a-lifetime bird, you are. Eh? 57 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:55,240 I'll never have another bird like you ever, will I? 58 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:59,320 Since he was a child, 59 00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:01,480 Lloyd has been obsessed with birds. 60 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:08,560 Over the years, he's kept and trained many different species. 61 00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:13,760 But one stands out. 62 00:05:13,760 --> 00:05:14,960 Tilly. 63 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:20,040 They've been together for 20 years, 64 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:23,480 and have forged an exceptionally close bond. 65 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:30,200 As far as Tilly is concerned, 66 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,640 Lloyd is her mate for life. 67 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:35,240 Go on! Go and enjoy yourself, my love. 68 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:37,880 I wish I was you. 69 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:40,160 I wish I was you! 70 00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:45,000 Thanks to Lloyd's dedicated work with Tilly, 71 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:47,480 she acts just like a wild eagle, 72 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:51,520 but is also comfortable around scientific equipment and cameras. 73 00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:55,680 So this is an extraordinary opportunity to learn 74 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:58,040 more about these iconic animals. 75 00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:02,880 Eagles are such inspirational birds. 76 00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:07,840 There's so much I think that we don't understand about them, 77 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:10,280 and that's what I'm hoping to learn here. 78 00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:13,040 A little window into her world, into the world of eagles. 79 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:21,720 Together, Lloyd and Tilly will take on a series of tests 80 00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:25,040 that will unlock the eagle's remarkable powers. 81 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:36,480 On the other side of the world, in Iowa, 82 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:38,960 the adult female seems restless. 83 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:44,720 One of the eggs is starting to hatch. 84 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:57,320 From its first moments, the chick must show its strength. 85 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:03,600 It uses a tiny egg tooth on top of its beak to crack the shell. 86 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:09,960 CHICKS CHEEPING 87 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:29,440 Three days later, 88 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:31,880 it's joined by its sibling. 89 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:39,760 At this age, they need to eat 90 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:43,040 almost half their body weight in meat every day. 91 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:49,240 Thankfully, help is on hand, 92 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:51,760 and he's bringing fresh supplies. 93 00:07:55,240 --> 00:08:00,680 As with all bald eagles, the male is about 20% smaller than his mate. 94 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:06,520 It's thought she might be bigger to help produce 95 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,240 and incubate the young. 96 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:13,920 Bald eagles normally pair for life, 97 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:18,040 but this female's previous partner disappeared, 98 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:19,920 so this male is new. 99 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,400 The breeding season can last around ten months, 100 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:30,160 so rearing these chicks will be a test of their new relationship. 101 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:36,720 The chicks' weight needs to increase 102 00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:40,400 by a staggering 500% in the first week, 103 00:08:40,400 --> 00:08:44,000 so the adults spend much of the time out hunting. 104 00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,800 Bald eagles specialise in catching fish. 105 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:03,920 They can make up to 90% of their diet. 106 00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:14,400 They're able to pluck them from the water 107 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:16,200 with remarkable precision. 108 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:30,240 CHEEPING 109 00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:34,160 But rabbits and squirrels are also delivered to the nest. 110 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:38,680 For now at least, 111 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:42,400 this partnership is providing all the food the chicks could need. 112 00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:56,080 Eagles around the world catch a wide variety of prey, 113 00:09:56,080 --> 00:09:58,520 so they have a range of hunting techniques... 114 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:06,120 ..and one species has come up with an extraordinary strategy. 115 00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:13,600 The mountains of Oman. 116 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,520 In this desert realm, food is hard to come by. 117 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:28,400 But this Verreaux's eagle has a family to feed. 118 00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:37,720 Other birds dive-bomb the predator, 119 00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:39,560 hoping to chase it away. 120 00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:50,840 But this eagle is focused on a terrestrial target. 121 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:55,120 Rock hyrax. 122 00:10:57,040 --> 00:11:00,080 These small mammals are equipped with special vision. 123 00:11:02,560 --> 00:11:05,360 A shield on their iris cuts out glare, 124 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,600 helping them spot predators, 125 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,200 even in bright sunlight. 126 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:13,360 But one eagle is just a decoy. 127 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:18,280 Verreaux's eagles hunt in pairs. 128 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,040 The first flies in plain sight, 129 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:24,800 distracting the hyrax... 130 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:31,960 ..while the second eagle hugs the contours of the land, 131 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:33,400 staying hidden... 132 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,040 ..until the last moment. 133 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:42,400 Using teamwork is devastatingly effective. 134 00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:52,600 But catching their quarry is a dangerous task. 135 00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:57,360 There's no room for error. 136 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:06,520 When eagles hunt airborne prey, if something goes wrong 137 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:09,960 they usually have space and time to get out of trouble. 138 00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:15,840 They can even escape a glancing blow with the water surface. 139 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:20,720 But when the prey is on hard ground... 140 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:26,400 ..one wrong move could result in a deadly collision. 141 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:34,600 Especially when hunting a large, heavy animal. 142 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,320 There's simply no scope to make a mistake. 143 00:12:58,680 --> 00:13:03,200 So how do eagles target and safely catch terrestrial prey? 144 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,480 To find out, Lloyd has come to Scotland 145 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:12,840 to put his golden eagle Tilly to the test. 146 00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:18,400 But first, 147 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:21,000 he needs something for her to hunt. 148 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,920 This is Robohare. 149 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:34,440 Designed and created by tech wizard Chris Watts. 150 00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:36,120 With a fake fur coat 151 00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:39,360 and high-speed motors, it can blend into the undergrowth 152 00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:41,400 or flash across the open. 153 00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:47,920 It's also fitted with an onboard 360 camera to capture all of the action. 154 00:13:49,680 --> 00:13:51,880 OK. She's going to rouse. Get ready. 155 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:55,960 OK. Go! Go! Go! Fire! Fire! 156 00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,720 In a matter of seconds, Tilly locks on to her target. 157 00:14:02,680 --> 00:14:04,720 She's got him. She's done it. 158 00:14:04,720 --> 00:14:06,560 Thank you very much, Tilly. 159 00:14:06,560 --> 00:14:07,560 Good girl! 160 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:11,840 To challenge Tilly's hunting ability, 161 00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:13,480 they repeat the test 162 00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:15,080 in different conditions. 163 00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:16,680 Go! 164 00:14:16,680 --> 00:14:20,160 From strong winds and overcast skies 165 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:21,600 to bright sunlight. 166 00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:28,160 But the outcome is the same. 167 00:14:35,320 --> 00:14:37,720 To reveal the secret to her success, 168 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,440 we need to go through the footage frame by frame. 169 00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:49,800 First, Tilly keeps a constant lock on Robohare's position. 170 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:56,880 Next, she uses her wings to adjust her trajectory 171 00:14:56,880 --> 00:14:59,120 as the wind changes 172 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:00,760 or the target moves. 173 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:09,640 She keeps her legs tucked in to stay aerodynamic. 174 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:12,360 Then, just a quarter of a second before impact, 175 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:15,840 she swings her feet forwards 176 00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:18,040 so both eyes can see Robohare 177 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:19,800 AND her talons. 178 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:22,640 She makes perfect contact. 179 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,280 But in a demonstration of sheer power... 180 00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:31,840 OK, get ready, Chris. 181 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:35,680 ..Tilly's hunting skill is about to reach the next level. 182 00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:45,280 Robohare weighs 5.8 kilos - 183 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:48,120 one and a half times more than Tilly. 184 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,720 But not only can she catch Robohare... 185 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:06,800 ..she can lift it high into the air. 186 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,520 She even has the strength to carry it with one foot. 187 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:19,280 A remarkable achievement for a load weighing 150% 188 00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:21,000 of her own body weight. 189 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,600 Yes! Woohoo-hoo! 190 00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:26,920 What a girl! 191 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:28,760 Good bird! There's a good eagle! 192 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:34,240 She's able to do this because, like all eagles, 193 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,480 she's armed with highly specialised weapons - talons. 194 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:56,160 and inflict fatal damage upon their victim... 195 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:01,840 ..while the beak is used to cut up the meal. 196 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:08,560 The harpy eagle has some of the largest talons in the world, 197 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:13,040 measuring up to 12 centimetres - twice as long as a golden eagle's. 198 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:19,600 These weapons can suffocate their quarry 199 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,760 or create puncture wounds and blood loss. 200 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:30,920 To achieve this, eagles must grip with enormous force 201 00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:35,200 and hold this pressure for a long time, without tiring. 202 00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:41,240 So they rely on some clever mechanics. 203 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:48,040 Their feet have an in-built ratchet system. 204 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:53,960 The tendons in their toes are ridged 205 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,040 and so is the tissue around it. 206 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,640 This creates a simple locking mechanism 207 00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:03,200 so the surrounding muscles can relax 208 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:05,360 without losing any grip force. 209 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:10,720 Many birds have this adaptation, 210 00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:12,720 but in eagles the ridges are 211 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:14,760 particularly large, to cope 212 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:16,560 with the enormous power. 213 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,520 Creating and maintaining such a high force 214 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:25,920 is a critical part of their success. 215 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,680 And it helps them take down even the largest prey. 216 00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:42,840 But these super-strong weapons have a second essential purpose. 217 00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:46,280 To fight. 218 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,600 Winter in the Alps can be desperately bleak. 219 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,760 Golden eagles soar across the peaks in search of prey. 220 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:09,960 And when food is scarce, 221 00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:12,280 they have to turn to scavenging. 222 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:18,600 SQUAWKING 223 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:25,480 A dead fox. 224 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:29,680 It could last this female eagle for days. 225 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:35,520 Such a prized meal is in demand. 226 00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,720 This devious mob of crows will try anything to steal a mouthful. 227 00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:50,560 A flash of talons reminds them who's at the top of the food chain. 228 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:04,600 But the biggest threat 229 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:06,320 comes from her own kind. 230 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,040 A meal like this is worth fighting for. 231 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:46,760 In battle, talons are their weapons of choice. 232 00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:53,000 They use their long legs to keep their head, and importantly 233 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:55,240 their eyes, away from danger. 234 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:03,320 Using their talons effectively 235 00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:06,840 can make all the difference in who loses 236 00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:08,560 and who survives. 237 00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:24,720 In Iowa... 238 00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:30,600 ..our bald eagle youngsters are now one and a half weeks old. 239 00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:35,880 Thanks to the hunting skill of their parents, 240 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:38,520 they're gaining about 10% in weight each day. 241 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,120 Their talons develop quicker than other parts of their body, 242 00:21:46,120 --> 00:21:48,080 showing how important they are. 243 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:53,360 But it will be another three months before they have proper control 244 00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:55,360 of these formidable weapons. 245 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:01,360 For now, they're almost completely defenceless... 246 00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:07,360 ..and the slightest thing can pose a threat. 247 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:17,520 Somehow, one has become tangled in the female's feathers 248 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:19,560 and it's at risk of choking. 249 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:21,520 CHEEPING 250 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:27,040 It's hard to know how this has happened. 251 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:41,200 And the female seems confused and stressed. 252 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:52,440 The more she moves around, 253 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:55,080 the more she pulls on the chick's neck. 254 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,440 A lucky escape, 255 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,440 but now it's stuck on its back 256 00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:21,840 and the male seems distracted by the other chick. 257 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:29,040 Less than half of all bald eagle chicks survive their first year. 258 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:34,320 The odds may be against it, 259 00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:38,160 but this time, those powerful talons come to the rescue. 260 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:45,880 When it comes to growing up, 261 00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:50,760 the gamble of life or death for some eagle species is even greater. 262 00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:54,600 THUNDER RUMBLES 263 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:02,320 Zambia. 264 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:07,800 Home to the crowned eagle. 265 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:16,120 They are known as the most powerful eagles in Africa. 266 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,400 THUNDER AND LIGHTNING 267 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:24,680 This adult has chosen to nest in a small patch of swamp forest, 268 00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:27,440 and is trying to raise a single chick. 269 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:35,040 The eaglet needs to eat 30% of its body weight in meat each day. 270 00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:38,680 But right now 271 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:41,520 there's just not enough food here to support a family. 272 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:49,120 Nesting here seems like a big miscalculation, 273 00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:51,800 but there's a reason behind taking this risk. 274 00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,640 What this forest does hold are fruit trees... 275 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:06,840 ..and the fruit is ripe for harvest. 276 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:13,040 It's of no use to the eagles, 277 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:15,840 but it's vital for another animal. 278 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,680 HIGH-PITCHED CALLS 279 00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:21,120 Fruit bats. 280 00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,040 Ten million arrive here each year. 281 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:33,120 It's the largest mammal migration in Africa, 282 00:25:33,120 --> 00:25:36,400 and exactly what the eagles are waiting for. 283 00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:44,720 They target individual bats, 284 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,000 picking them out from the swarm. 285 00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:52,640 Fish eagles and martial eagles join the hunt. 286 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:18,160 The bats will be here for up to 90 days, 287 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:21,280 providing food for the chick at its most vulnerable age. 288 00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:31,400 Timing their breeding cycle with the bats' arrival is a risk... 289 00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:37,080 ..but for this crowned eagle family, it's paid off. 290 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:51,640 In Iowa, it's spring. 291 00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:57,000 The adult eagles are delivering 292 00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,440 around five fish a day to the nest. 293 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:03,160 Now four weeks old, 294 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:04,920 the chicks are changing. 295 00:27:10,440 --> 00:27:14,680 Their fluffy, warm down is peppered with juvenile flight feathers. 296 00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,880 But perhaps the most important change is in their vision. 297 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:31,360 Their eyes open within hours of hatching. 298 00:27:31,360 --> 00:27:36,200 But much like a human baby, they're born with poor sight. 299 00:27:37,640 --> 00:27:40,400 It takes time for it to sharpen 300 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:44,760 and become one of the most powerful senses in the animal world. 301 00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:59,760 We describe anyone with exceptional sight as eagle-eyed. 302 00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:05,040 But just how good is eagle vision? 303 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:11,560 To put it to the test, 304 00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:15,560 Lloyd Buck and his golden eagle Tilly 305 00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:18,280 are entering a remote part of Scotland. 306 00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,880 They're joined by Professor Graham Martin, 307 00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:33,720 an expert in avian vision. 308 00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,840 To compare the basics of eagle and human eyesight, 309 00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:41,640 Graham has a demonstration. 310 00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:47,120 We're going to have some sort of measure of our acuity, how much 311 00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,680 detail that we can see, using the black and white stripes, equally 312 00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:53,040 spaced apart, called a grating. 313 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:57,880 And our task is simply to back away from this and come to the point 314 00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:00,040 when we can't see the stripes any more, 315 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,280 and then that's our threshold for seeing detailed vision. 316 00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:06,600 As they walk further away, 317 00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:09,400 the black and white stripes become less clear, 318 00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:11,800 and then merge to become a grey blur. 319 00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:15,000 I'm just about the limit now. 320 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:16,160 Yeah, I'm there now. 321 00:29:16,160 --> 00:29:17,360 You're there? Yeah. 322 00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:18,720 I'm still all right. 323 00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:23,280 That's me. 324 00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:25,320 Here I am. Nine metres. 325 00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:28,360 Nine metres? Yep. 326 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,200 I'm just under 13 and a half metres. 327 00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:35,040 Eyesight deteriorates with age, 328 00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:39,080 so it's no surprise that Lloyd has greater visual acuity, 329 00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:43,160 but how do scientists think an eagle like Tilly would fare? 330 00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:44,880 The experiments that have been done 331 00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:48,280 show that they're about five times better than us. 332 00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,600 Five times that, it's somewhere right up there. 333 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:52,120 The end of the tape. 334 00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:54,760 This seems impressive, 335 00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:58,200 but what does it mean for an eagle hunting in the wild? 336 00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:08,000 To find out, Lloyd and Graham have planned a game of hide and seek 337 00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:09,800 on an epic scale. 338 00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:15,680 Tilly must find Lloyd somewhere in this landscape. 339 00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,680 Her cage has been covered so she can't cheat, 340 00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:26,720 and Lloyd has found a position 400 metres away. 341 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,120 RADIO: OK, I'm going to release her now. OK. 342 00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:41,680 OK, Lloyd, she's gone. 343 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:49,680 Tilly immediately scans the landscape in search of Lloyd. 344 00:30:49,680 --> 00:30:51,440 Moving your way now, 345 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:53,040 at great speed, actually. 346 00:31:06,600 --> 00:31:09,080 She's actually found you in no time at all. 347 00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:11,120 Good girl! 348 00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:12,760 You're beautiful, aren't you? 349 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:17,240 Tilly spotted Lloyd from 400 metres away, 350 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:20,160 but Graham thinks that was far too easy. 351 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:22,720 She was so quickly onto you, 352 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:25,960 I don't think it was really much of a challenge for her, in a way. 353 00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:28,040 If you wanted to, I think we could push the distance. 354 00:31:28,040 --> 00:31:29,200 What do you think? 355 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:30,880 OK, that sounds really good. 356 00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:35,520 Lloyd repositions himself for a much bigger challenge. 357 00:31:37,320 --> 00:31:39,840 He's now one and a half miles away 358 00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,040 on the opposite side of the glen, 359 00:31:42,040 --> 00:31:44,240 and the weather conditions are not ideal. 360 00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:48,520 Even with a powerful telephoto lens, 361 00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:51,160 it's hard to pick out Graham and Tilly. 362 00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:53,560 It's a long way. 363 00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:57,160 I cannot see you without a pair of binoculars, and even 364 00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:00,040 with the binoculars, there's that much moisture in the air, 365 00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:03,880 so this is a real challenge for Tilly. 366 00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:05,960 OK, then. Well, I'll release her now. 367 00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:07,240 OK? 368 00:32:07,240 --> 00:32:08,440 OK. Good luck. 369 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:10,240 Come on, Tilly. Come on, Tills. 370 00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:13,840 She's off. 371 00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:17,760 She's looking very hard. 372 00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:21,600 I'm sure she's trying to find you. 373 00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:25,880 Tilly has never faced a challenge like this, 374 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:30,040 but she starts to make her way to the other side of the glen. 375 00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:32,720 Come on, Tilly! Come on! 376 00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,480 HE LAUGHS 377 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:39,560 Interestingly, she takes an indirect route, 378 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,760 riding a series of strong air currents to reach Lloyd 379 00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:44,800 more efficiently... 380 00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:46,400 ..and more quickly. 381 00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:51,280 She's coming in! She's coming in fast! Woohoo! 382 00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:52,600 She's done it, Graham. 383 00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:55,200 Absolutely hammering across the valley! 384 00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:57,800 Yee-hoo! What a bird she is! 385 00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:08,000 You clever bird! 386 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,960 Woohoo! 387 00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:12,120 What an eagle you are, hey? 388 00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:13,280 Hello! 389 00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:15,640 LAUGHS 390 00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:18,200 Graham, she's on my arm. 391 00:33:18,200 --> 00:33:20,320 That is absolutely incredible. 392 00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:23,760 I'm so pleased with her. I've never asked her to find me like that. 393 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,520 That is actually very, very impressive because it took 394 00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:28,440 really very little time at all. 395 00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,520 Tilly spotted Lloyd in this vast landscape 396 00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:36,520 from one and a half miles away, 397 00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:38,200 a feat so impressive 398 00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:40,760 it seems almost superpowered. 399 00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:43,880 So how does she achieve this? 400 00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:50,600 Images are projected onto the retina at the back of the eagle's eye. 401 00:33:53,800 --> 00:33:55,880 This area is covered with 402 00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:57,880 light-sensitive cells 403 00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:00,200 known as cones. The more cones, 404 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:02,160 the sharper the eyesight. 405 00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:08,680 A human eye may have 200,000 cones per square millimetre, 406 00:34:08,680 --> 00:34:10,960 but eagles have over twice as many, 407 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,320 giving them the sharpest eyesight 408 00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:15,120 of any vertebrate animal. 409 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:24,200 The eagle's supreme visual acuity gives them a significant advantage. 410 00:34:26,360 --> 00:34:29,920 It means they can quickly pick out prey in a vast landscape. 411 00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:36,880 But there's an unexpected downside to having such sharp vision. 412 00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:41,000 The problem is, you don't want to get the sun in your eyes. 413 00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,800 It would destroy all the very high acuity it's got. 414 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:46,960 So they have these big eyebrows. It's like wearing a baseball cap! 415 00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:49,280 That's all designed to keep the sun out their eyes, 416 00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:51,320 so they don't actually ever image the sun. 417 00:34:52,760 --> 00:34:56,640 This brow ridge is what gives eagles their fearsome stare. 418 00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:00,480 But it has a serious drawback. 419 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:04,440 Of course, if you're keeping the sun out your eyes, 420 00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:06,360 you can't actually see what's up there. 421 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:09,160 What an eagle wants to do is patrol and look down 422 00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:12,880 at the big terrain below it, and it's bending its head forward. 423 00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:15,280 It's tipping its head down to have a look. 424 00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:16,840 And that means that this blind area, 425 00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:18,800 which is designed to keep the sun out their eyes, 426 00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:21,240 is stopping them actually looking where they're going. 427 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,240 This blind spot isn't usually a problem. 428 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:30,120 In their natural habitat, they soar high above the trees. 429 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,120 But in a modern landscape, 430 00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:36,800 it can be a fatal flaw. 431 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,520 Across the world, eagles are colliding 432 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:43,320 with man-made structures. 433 00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:47,880 Wind turbines, often built in wild landscapes, 434 00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:49,800 can be a particular issue. 435 00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:55,120 So at this wind farm in Wyoming, 436 00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:57,720 they've placed observation towers around the site... 437 00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:03,000 ..and if an eagle is spotted, they switch the turbines off. 438 00:36:06,920 --> 00:36:09,800 But in bright light, eagles can be hard to spot. 439 00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:18,240 So now they're using artificial intelligence to improve the odds. 440 00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:24,360 This technology harnesses ten cameras to spot 441 00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:26,200 and track flying objects. 442 00:36:29,240 --> 00:36:33,800 It can work out if the object is an eagle in just one second 443 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:37,160 and temporarily shut down any turbines in its path. 444 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:45,920 It's over five times more effective than humans, 445 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:48,920 meaning the eagles here are now far safer. 446 00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:01,720 But elsewhere around the world, 447 00:37:01,720 --> 00:37:05,160 the biggest threat to most eagles is still humans. 448 00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:14,680 In the tropics, deforestation is threatening jungle species... 449 00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:18,800 ..like the Philippine eagle 450 00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:21,040 and the harpy eagle. 451 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,520 There are fewer trees for them to nest in 452 00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:30,800 and far less prey for them to hunt. 453 00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,160 Many eagles also succumb to lead poisoning, 454 00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:41,440 as hunting ammunition contaminates carcasses. 455 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,280 More than a third of all eagle species are considered 456 00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:50,520 to be endangered or vulnerable. 457 00:37:53,120 --> 00:37:57,600 But conservationists have proved in the past that, with the right help, 458 00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:01,040 some eagles can be saved from the brink of extinction. 459 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:10,160 During the 1940s, DDT, a potent insecticide, 460 00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:12,200 was considered a wonder chemical. 461 00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:17,480 A solution to pest problems, large or small. 462 00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:23,200 It was even sprayed on people to rid them of parasites. 463 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:32,120 Colourless and tasteless, DDT seeped into the ecosystems. 464 00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:38,640 At first no-one realised its impact, 465 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:43,320 but the chemical passed from prey to predator, 466 00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,920 and those at the top were hit hardest, 467 00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:47,760 especially bald eagles. 468 00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:53,840 It caused a thinning in eagle egg shells, which meant 469 00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:56,120 they cracked during incubation... 470 00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:00,360 ..and it almost wiped them out. 471 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:08,680 Eventually, DDT was banned 472 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:11,320 and some heroic conservationists 473 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:12,480 stepped up. 474 00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:17,520 Eggs were taken from the wild, 475 00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:19,880 hatched safely in captivity... 476 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:27,760 ..and the chicks were returned to the nest to be reared naturally. 477 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:31,040 And it worked. 478 00:39:35,480 --> 00:39:39,920 There are now thought to be over 140,000 bald eagles in the US. 479 00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:43,640 A truly remarkable comeback. 480 00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:54,600 Today, each new chick is still important to the growing population. 481 00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:07,440 In Iowa, the parents are doing well... 482 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:15,320 ..providing their chicks with enough food to grow at a remarkable rate. 483 00:40:17,160 --> 00:40:18,960 Now eight weeks old, 484 00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:21,240 the eaglets are almost fully grown 485 00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:24,640 and covered with new dark brown feathers. 486 00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:30,760 But they are about to face their biggest survival challenge yet. 487 00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:34,800 FLIES BUZZING 488 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:37,440 Something seems to be bothering them. 489 00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:43,120 A wet spring has created ideal conditions for an infestation 490 00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:46,080 of bloodsucking blackflies, 491 00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:48,640 and they are attacking the eaglets. 492 00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:57,560 The number of blackflies seems to be getting higher in this region, 493 00:40:57,560 --> 00:40:59,800 and this season is particularly bad. 494 00:41:03,720 --> 00:41:07,120 The chicks are growing weaker from the sheer number of bites. 495 00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:11,800 And, worse still, they're becoming restless. 496 00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:23,280 One youngster is so uncomfortable, 497 00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:26,120 it climbs the tree to get away. 498 00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:32,120 But the chick is 22 metres up, 499 00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:37,880 too young to fledge and too weak to deal with the strong wind. 500 00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:45,480 In sheer desperation, it leaps... 501 00:41:47,760 --> 00:41:49,360 ..and falls to the ground. 502 00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:56,400 The nest cameras lose sight of it, 503 00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,000 and so do the parents. 504 00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:06,640 This family's future now appears to rest with the remaining chick. 505 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:20,240 But worryingly, it's also driven from the nest. 506 00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:23,320 CHEEPING 507 00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:25,120 FLIES BUZZING 508 00:42:28,560 --> 00:42:30,400 The parents are helpless. 509 00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:46,840 The chick doesn't yet have full control of its large feet... 510 00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:51,440 ..and one mistake is all it takes. 511 00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:09,960 The only hope for the eaglets now 512 00:43:09,960 --> 00:43:13,640 is that they'll be found somewhere beneath the nest. 513 00:43:18,920 --> 00:43:23,200 If the chicks were older they could have flown to safety, 514 00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:28,080 but it takes many weeks for a young eagle to truly master its wings. 515 00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:35,240 In fact, flight is probably the most sophisticated 516 00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:37,440 eagle superpower of all. 517 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:43,880 Eagles dominate the sky. 518 00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:49,800 They can dive at over 150mph... 519 00:43:51,640 --> 00:43:55,520 ..and perform spectacular aerobatics when they fight 520 00:43:55,520 --> 00:43:57,080 or display to a mate. 521 00:43:59,760 --> 00:44:03,400 And one of their greatest aerial abilities is soaring. 522 00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:11,800 Golden eagles can have a home range of up to 2,000 square miles. 523 00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:18,040 To cover these vast distances, they use air currents to push them 524 00:44:18,040 --> 00:44:20,480 high into the air without flapping their wings... 525 00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:25,600 ..saving them precious energy. 526 00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:35,920 It's something Lloyd Buck has always wanted to know more about. 527 00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:40,200 So he's come to California, 528 00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:43,240 where paragliding fanatic Michael Vergalla 529 00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:46,240 often flies alongside wild birds of prey. 530 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:52,200 By learning what it takes to fly a paraglider, Lloyd hopes 531 00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:55,480 he will understand more about how eagles soar. 532 00:44:55,480 --> 00:44:58,520 Bring the wing up in three, two, one... 533 00:44:58,520 --> 00:45:00,160 Wing's coming up. 534 00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:06,160 OK. Walk, walk, walk, walk. 535 00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:08,000 Start running. Run, run, run, run! 536 00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:09,560 Run, run, run, run, run. 537 00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:25,000 All right, Lloyd. OK. Here we go! 538 00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:28,720 We're flying! We're flying, Mike. 539 00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:32,600 Wow! 540 00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:43,560 I've seen Tilly do this so many times, and now I'm doing it. 541 00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:45,000 LAUGHS 542 00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:50,280 When eagles soar, they search 543 00:45:50,280 --> 00:45:53,320 for the strongest air currents to push them higher. 544 00:45:55,880 --> 00:45:58,440 Mike and Lloyd must do the same, 545 00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,040 so they look for tiny clues in the air 546 00:46:01,040 --> 00:46:03,880 and movement in the vegetation below. 547 00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:06,720 You're looking for changes. 548 00:46:06,720 --> 00:46:08,920 You're smelling, you're listening. 549 00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:11,000 You're trying to use all of your senses 550 00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:12,760 to figure out what's happening. 551 00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:14,840 Oh, look at the tree moving. Look at the tree moving. 552 00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:16,880 Yep. We're going to get a bump here. Ready? 553 00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:20,120 All right? So you're going to feel... 554 00:46:20,120 --> 00:46:21,960 I can feel it, I can feel it! 555 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:23,360 There you go. Wow. 556 00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:26,120 And we're going to feel more as we get in here. Yeah. 557 00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:30,040 I can really feel the pressure, the change in it. 558 00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:34,160 Just like an eagle, Mike is trying to gain altitude by harnessing 559 00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:35,840 two common air currents. 560 00:46:39,040 --> 00:46:43,680 Thermals form as the sun heats the earth, 561 00:46:43,680 --> 00:46:47,320 which in turn warms the air above it, 562 00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:49,640 creating a rising column of air. 563 00:46:52,840 --> 00:46:55,680 Updrafts are created when horizontal winds 564 00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:58,840 are deflected skywards by a ridge. 565 00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,440 By feeling where these thermals and updrafts are, 566 00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:07,720 they can manoeuvre the wing and climb higher. 567 00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,200 This is what Tilly feels. This is what Tilly does. 568 00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:12,640 This is what eagles do. Uh-huh. 569 00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:21,480 One of Mike's favourite ways to find a good thermal is to watch 570 00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:23,520 and follow the local birds. 571 00:47:25,360 --> 00:47:28,160 Got another bird on this ridge here that we can try to join. 572 00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:32,240 Mike can tell how strong a thermal is 573 00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:34,640 by seeing how quickly the birds climb. 574 00:47:36,120 --> 00:47:40,680 And it's not long before he spots a familiar species. 575 00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:43,400 Look out, at the end of the ridge. 576 00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:44,760 You see the birds? 577 00:47:44,760 --> 00:47:46,440 At the end of the ridge, end of the ridge... 578 00:47:46,440 --> 00:47:48,320 Straight out, straight out, straight out. 579 00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:50,520 Straight out. Gotcha! Yeah, yeah, yeah. 580 00:47:51,760 --> 00:47:53,600 That's a goldie. Yeah? 581 00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:55,920 That's a golden eagle. Let's go, let's go. 582 00:47:55,920 --> 00:47:58,640 We're flying with a golden eagle. 583 00:47:58,640 --> 00:47:59,680 Wow! 584 00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,400 I've waited my whole life for this, Mike. 585 00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:08,280 THEY CHUCKLE 586 00:48:26,240 --> 00:48:30,280 This is the thing that I've dreamt about since I was a boy. 587 00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:37,840 And my whole life, I've experienced it through my birds. Uh-huh? 588 00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:40,520 But now I'm experiencing it for myself, for real, with you, 589 00:48:40,520 --> 00:48:43,760 and this is just... I can't put that into words. 590 00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:48,480 It's really quite moving, I would say. It's quite emotional. 591 00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:51,280 It's OK, you can cry. I've cried. 592 00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,880 I feel quite... I feel very emotional, actually. 593 00:48:58,160 --> 00:48:59,640 This is something, Mike, 594 00:48:59,640 --> 00:49:02,440 I'm never going to forget for the rest of my life. 595 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:09,760 For Lloyd, soaring on the air currents is pure joy. 596 00:49:11,760 --> 00:49:16,040 But for eagles, it's a critical component of their daily lives. 597 00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,400 To be a dominant predator of the sky, they must harness 598 00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:25,200 the wind to cover their territory, 599 00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:27,400 and they make it look easy. 600 00:49:36,760 --> 00:49:40,240 To find out the science behind this superpower, 601 00:49:40,240 --> 00:49:42,840 Lloyd wants to put Tilly to the test. 602 00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:50,560 He's fitting her with a highly accurate GPS tracker to measure 603 00:49:50,560 --> 00:49:53,200 how fast she can gain altitude, 604 00:49:53,200 --> 00:49:54,960 and a 360-degree camera 605 00:49:54,960 --> 00:49:58,880 to see exactly how her wings are adapted to soaring. 606 00:50:01,160 --> 00:50:04,400 We'll know exactly... what you get up to. 607 00:50:04,400 --> 00:50:05,760 Eh? 608 00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:07,760 You're a good girl, yes. 609 00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:08,920 Bop-bop-bop! 610 00:50:10,800 --> 00:50:12,720 Go on, off you go. 611 00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:13,720 Go on. 612 00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:22,240 Tilly soon finds an updraft, and soars high above the glen. 613 00:50:23,840 --> 00:50:25,480 Woohoo-hoo! 614 00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:28,560 You make it look so easy. Eh? 615 00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:33,400 The onboard camera provides a wonderful opportunity 616 00:50:33,400 --> 00:50:36,800 to see the world from an eagle's perspective. 617 00:51:12,920 --> 00:51:16,480 Throughout the flight, the GPS tracker and accelerometer 618 00:51:16,480 --> 00:51:19,320 on her back are collecting important information. 619 00:51:28,200 --> 00:51:30,120 Good girl. Clever eagle! 620 00:51:37,360 --> 00:51:40,920 And Professor Jim Usherwood, a locomotion specialist, 621 00:51:40,920 --> 00:51:43,600 can help interpret the findings. 622 00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:45,320 Well, it's really exciting, especially 623 00:51:45,320 --> 00:51:46,880 having the video next to it. 624 00:51:46,880 --> 00:51:49,640 You can really see what's happening all the way through. 625 00:51:49,640 --> 00:51:52,960 You can see her climbing, circling seven times, 626 00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:56,600 and then reaching quite a height, really very quickly. 627 00:51:56,600 --> 00:52:00,160 She's doing, oh... three, four, five metres a second up 628 00:52:00,160 --> 00:52:01,960 and that's fast. Wow. 629 00:52:01,960 --> 00:52:04,960 That's eight, nine, ten miles per hour...up. 630 00:52:04,960 --> 00:52:06,680 Imagine running up a ladder that fast. 631 00:52:06,680 --> 00:52:08,320 So she's climbing quickly. 632 00:52:08,320 --> 00:52:11,280 Really fast, while hardly travelling across the ground at all. 633 00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,400 Tilly climbs without flapping her wings, 634 00:52:15,400 --> 00:52:17,440 saving huge amounts of energy. 635 00:52:21,320 --> 00:52:24,320 Eagles are able to ride the air currents effectively 636 00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:26,800 thanks to their large wing area, 637 00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:28,880 but the shape of their wing 638 00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,640 is different to that of many soaring specialists. 639 00:52:38,160 --> 00:52:42,040 Albatross have very long, narrow wings, 640 00:52:42,040 --> 00:52:46,200 which generate a lot of lift for relatively small amounts of drag. 641 00:52:46,200 --> 00:52:47,840 CAWING 642 00:52:49,720 --> 00:52:53,160 It makes them brilliant at gliding, 643 00:52:53,160 --> 00:52:55,600 but this wing shape is no good to eagles. 644 00:52:58,160 --> 00:53:01,320 Long wings are very good for gliding and soaring, 645 00:53:01,320 --> 00:53:03,520 but they're horrible for flapping. 646 00:53:03,520 --> 00:53:06,280 And, of course, this thing at some point will need to flap. 647 00:53:06,280 --> 00:53:08,400 Yeah. She'll need to flap to take off, 648 00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:10,080 carry the weaponry to kill something 649 00:53:10,080 --> 00:53:12,200 and then carry that food back home, 650 00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:14,520 at which point you don't actually want super long wings. 651 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,200 Eagles have to deal with some conflicting tasks. 652 00:53:22,440 --> 00:53:25,200 To soar well, it's best to be lightweight 653 00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:27,080 with extremely long wings. 654 00:53:29,120 --> 00:53:31,160 But to hunt large prey, 655 00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:33,840 it's important to be powerful and heavy 656 00:53:33,840 --> 00:53:38,880 with shorter, broad wings that can flap and take off with big loads. 657 00:53:41,840 --> 00:53:45,840 Eagles manage to achieve both, but how? 658 00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:52,080 The secret is at the end of their wings. 659 00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:58,160 From the onboard camera, it's clear that the feathers on her wing tips 660 00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:00,240 are separated when she flies. 661 00:54:03,880 --> 00:54:08,360 Each one of these primary feathers acts like a tiny aerofoil, 662 00:54:08,360 --> 00:54:11,040 helping air hug the upper surface of the wing. 663 00:54:14,160 --> 00:54:18,720 It means eagles can tilt their wings at very steep angles on takeoff, 664 00:54:18,720 --> 00:54:21,560 generating lots of lift to support a heavy load. 665 00:54:26,640 --> 00:54:30,080 It's also thought these slotted wing tips can reduce elements 666 00:54:30,080 --> 00:54:33,840 of drag, helping them soar with greater efficiency. 667 00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:44,480 It's a clever solution for a wing that has to perform so many tasks, 668 00:54:44,480 --> 00:54:46,840 helping them harness air currents 669 00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:48,560 and dominate the skies. 670 00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:58,440 In Iowa, the nest is still empty. 671 00:55:01,080 --> 00:55:05,240 The parents did all they could to raise their two chicks 672 00:55:05,240 --> 00:55:08,560 and, hopefully, they will breed again next year. 673 00:55:12,520 --> 00:55:15,360 But this isn't the end of the story. 674 00:55:15,360 --> 00:55:19,160 Remarkably, both chicks have been found alive. 675 00:55:32,040 --> 00:55:35,880 The eldest was discovered washed up along the river, five days 676 00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:37,920 after it fell from the nest. 677 00:55:42,800 --> 00:55:45,360 It was later found to have a broken leg. 678 00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:51,880 The other was picked up by local residents, 679 00:55:51,880 --> 00:55:54,200 covered in blackfly bites. 680 00:55:58,040 --> 00:55:59,640 Both chicks were taken 681 00:55:59,640 --> 00:56:03,200 to a raptor rehabilitation centre for treatment, 682 00:56:03,200 --> 00:56:05,720 where they started feeding and putting on weight. 683 00:56:10,000 --> 00:56:13,280 Due to its leg fracture, it's unlikely the eldest chick 684 00:56:13,280 --> 00:56:16,320 will be released, but its future is still bright. 685 00:56:18,520 --> 00:56:21,600 Hopefully it will become an ambassador eagle 686 00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:25,240 to help inspire a new generation of eagle conservationists. 687 00:56:29,520 --> 00:56:32,160 The second chick is making a good recovery 688 00:56:32,160 --> 00:56:35,000 and developing powerful flight muscles. 689 00:56:36,400 --> 00:56:38,640 Paired up with other rescued chicks, 690 00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:42,280 it will soon be strong enough to be released back into the wild. 691 00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:51,640 It's an extraordinary end to a dramatic season, 692 00:56:51,640 --> 00:56:54,280 and a new start to this eagle's life. 693 00:57:02,120 --> 00:57:05,080 By following the journey from egg to eaglet, 694 00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:07,760 we've seen what challenges an eagle must face 695 00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:09,520 to survive its first year. 696 00:57:13,160 --> 00:57:16,000 We've witnessed remarkable dedication 697 00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:18,080 and skill from the parents. 698 00:57:21,560 --> 00:57:25,160 And thanks to a very special eagle called Tilly, 699 00:57:25,160 --> 00:57:29,680 we've uncovered the science behind their superpowers. 700 00:57:29,680 --> 00:57:32,000 I'm so proud of her because, 701 00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:35,160 in her own way, she's brought 702 00:57:35,160 --> 00:57:38,360 much more knowledge and understanding to an eagle's world 703 00:57:38,360 --> 00:57:40,400 about their incredible eyesight... 704 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:43,280 She's coming in fast! Woohoo! 705 00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:46,040 ..that amazing ability to use the air 706 00:57:46,040 --> 00:57:48,920 to soar so well, 707 00:57:48,920 --> 00:57:50,720 and her hunting strategy, 708 00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:53,360 and the power in those feet! 709 00:57:53,360 --> 00:57:55,440 Bring all those things together 710 00:57:55,440 --> 00:57:58,880 and you've got the best aerial predators on the planet. 711 00:57:58,880 --> 00:58:01,480 They really are incredible. 712 00:58:01,480 --> 00:58:04,480 Eagles have long captured our imagination. 713 00:58:05,640 --> 00:58:07,840 Their combination of strength, 714 00:58:07,840 --> 00:58:09,440 elegance, 715 00:58:09,440 --> 00:58:11,280 and skill 716 00:58:11,280 --> 00:58:13,160 make them appear almost... 717 00:58:15,160 --> 00:58:16,760 ..superpowered. 56495

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.