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1948
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for palestinians that year is enactma or
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the catastrophe
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when hundreds of thousands were forced
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out of their homes
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for israelis that year marks the
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creation of the state of israel
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as a filmmaker and as a palestinian this
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documentary series was my way to
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understand
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the events of the past that are still
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shaping
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the present
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do
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our story starts here in 1799
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outside the walls of acre in
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ottoman-controlled palestine
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an army under napoleon bonaparte
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besieged
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the city all part of a campaign to
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defeat the ottomans
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and establish a french presence in the
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region
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in search of allies napoleon issued a
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letter
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offering palestine as a homeland to the
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jews under french protection
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he called on the jews to rise up against
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what he called their oppressors
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napoleon's appeal was widely publicized
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but he was ultimately defeated
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in acre today the only memory of him is
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a statue atop a hill
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overlooking the city yet napoleon's
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project for a jewish homeland in the
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region
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under a colonial protectorate did not
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die
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forty years later the plan was revived
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by the british
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this time as a means of thwarting the
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rising power
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of egyptian governor muhammad ali
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in 1840 british foreign secretary lord
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palmerston
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wrote to his ambassador in
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constantinople urging him
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to convince the sultan and his entourage
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to open
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palestine for the immigration of jews
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at that time there were estimated to be
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no more than 3
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000 jews in ottoman-controlled palestine
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over the years jewish immigration to
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palestine increased
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helped on by wealthy benefactors one of
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these
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was the french aristocrat baron edmund
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de rothschild
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he began visiting palestine in the 1880s
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and became one of the jewish community's
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leading sponsors
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he spent over 14 million french francs
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to establish 30 jewish settlements
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the most important was richard led zeon
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founded in 1882
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today the remains of baron de child lie
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in a mausoleum
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in northern israel it's a popular site
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for israeli school children
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learning about the wealthy patron who
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bankrolled jewish settlement building in
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palestine
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over 100 years ago
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in 1885 the term zionism was first
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coined by austrian writer nathan
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birnbaum
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it's derived from the word zion one of
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the biblical names for jerusalem zionism
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came to mean the establishment of a
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jewish homeland in palestine
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but not all jews supported this
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money
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yeah in 1896
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theodore herzl an austro-hungarian
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journalist
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wrote a book called the jewish state
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it is considered one of the most
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important texts
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of early zionism
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herzl envisioned the founding of a
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future independent jewish state
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during the 20th century his colleague
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max
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nordau sent two rabbis to palestine to
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investigate the prospects for a jewish
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state there
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their report concluded the bride is
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beautiful
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but she is married to another man
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the rabbis understood that palestine's
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spouse
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was the palestinian society rooted in
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its soil
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in 1897 herzl with birenbaum
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and nordau convened the first zionist
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congress
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in the swiss city of basel the congress
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adopted a programme for the
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establishment of a homeland
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for the jewish people in palestine
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within
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in 1907 the british government set up a
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committee
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to devise a strategy toward the muslim
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arab population
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of the ottoman empire the committee's
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report
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submitted to british prime minister
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henry campbell bannerman in 1907
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recommended establishing a so-called
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buffer state in palestine
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the report proposed this state be
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hostile to its neighbors
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and friendly to europe the aim was to
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divide the region
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and so assure britain's continued
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imperial dominance
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home
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in 1907 heim weissmann a chemist who had
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emerged as a leader among british
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zionists
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visited palestine for the first time
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he set out to establish a company in
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jaffa to develop the land of palestine
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a practical means to pursue the zionist
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dream of building a jewish state
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his venture was supported by baron de
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rothschild
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within three years a major deal was
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struck
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the jewish national fund set up to buy
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land in palestine
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purchased some ten thousand dunhams in
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the maj bin amer region of northern
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palestine
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the sale to the jewish national fund had
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dire consequences
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for the thousands of palestinian farmers
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living on the land
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foreign
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a more uh drastic form of colonialism
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than the average classical european
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colonialism
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in the sense that their purpose was
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actually not so
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only to exploit the locals but to
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drive them out from the very early
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moment the zionist movement
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targeted palestine as the the place for
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jewish independence and statehood
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and it was clear that there were
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palestinians on the land
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uh zionists leaders and common people
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alike were
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got used to the idea that the only way
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of
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making palestine a jewish state is by
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causing the palestinians leave
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a jewish militia known as hashemer was
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established to protect the growing
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number of jewish settlements
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jews held demonstrations to demand the
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recognition of hebrew
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as an official language under ottoman
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rule
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surya
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a palestinian pharmacist began
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publishing a newspaper called
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al carmel in it he warned of zionism
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as a movement aimed at displacing the
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palestinians
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he wrote the jewish state would be a
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poisonous dagger
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in the heart of the arabs the outbreak
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of world war 1
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in 1914 created new opportunities to
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um
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in 1915 a secret memorandum was
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presented to the british cabinet
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under the title the future of palestine
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it was drafted by herbert samuel a
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british politician and zionist
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committed to palestine becoming a home
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for the jewish people
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in the document samuel advised that the
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time was not right
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for the establishment of an autonomous
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jewish state in palestine
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he recommended instead that palestine be
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annexed to the british empire
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describing this as the most welcome
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solution
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to the supporters of the zionist
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movement
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he expressed the hope that under british
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rule and over time
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more jews would settle in the land and
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grow
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into a majority among what he called the
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muhammadans of arab race
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samuel's recommendations were taken into
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account in the secret british french
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agreement
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formulated by british politician sir
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mark sykes
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and french diplomat francois georges
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pico
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the sykes pico agreement opened the way
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for the establishment
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of a jewish state
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in 1917 the british cabinet headed by
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prime minister david lloyd george
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pledged to establish a homeland for the
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jews in palestine
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the pledge came in the form of a letter
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from the british foreign secretary
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arthur balfour to the influential
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british zionist lord walter rothschild
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britain had no moral or political
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or legal right to promise
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the land that belonged to the arabs to
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another people
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so the balfour declaration was both
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immoral and illegal
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a month after balfour's pledge a meeting
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took place in london
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to celebrate the declaration speakers
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included lord rothschild
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herbert samuel mark sykes and haim
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weissmann
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just several days later on december the
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11th
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1917 the british army commanded by
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general edmund allenby
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captured jerusalem
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entering the holy city alongside allenby
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was a jewish military unit
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established under british auspices
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one member of this unit was david
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ben-gurion
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who would later be israel's first prime
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minister
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the unit also included zev japotinsky a
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future zionist leader
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as well as nehemiah rabin soon to be
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father of young boy
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yitzhak rabin
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within a month general allenby welcomed
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heim
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weissmann in jerusalem there were
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approximately 50 000 jews in palestine
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at this time
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10 percent of the population among half
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a million arabs
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the great war ended in 1918 and
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preparations were made for a peace
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conference in paris
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president of the united states woodrow
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wilson commissioned an investigation
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into the non-turkish areas of the former
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ottoman empire
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the commission was headed by the
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academic dr henry king
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and the politician charles crane
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when it was eventually published the
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crane king report
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proved to be political dynamite the
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report stated that
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the non-jewish population of palestine
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nearly nine
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tenths of the whole was emphatically
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against the zionist program
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the report went on to warn that
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anti-zionist feeling in palestine and
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syria
287
00:16:53,759 --> 00:17:00,000
was intense and not likely to be flouted
288
00:16:57,519 --> 00:17:02,159
it divulged conversations with british
289
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:05,279
officers who suggested a force of
290
00:17:02,159 --> 00:17:06,000
not less than 50 000 soldiers would be
291
00:17:05,279 --> 00:17:09,038
required
292
00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,880
to initiate the zionist program the
293
00:17:09,038 --> 00:17:13,279
authors judged all this as
294
00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:15,520
evidence of what they described as a
295
00:17:13,279 --> 00:17:17,359
strong sense of the injustice of the
296
00:17:15,519 --> 00:17:20,078
zionist program
297
00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:21,918
the report concluded jewish immigration
298
00:17:20,078 --> 00:17:23,918
should be definitely limited
299
00:17:21,919 --> 00:17:25,919
and the project for making palestine
300
00:17:23,919 --> 00:17:30,400
distinctly a jewish commonwealth
301
00:17:25,919 --> 00:17:33,600
should be given up the crane king report
302
00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:33,600
fell on death ears
303
00:17:36,798 --> 00:17:41,679
at the paris peace conference in 1919
304
00:17:39,839 --> 00:17:43,599
britain was represented by prime
305
00:17:41,679 --> 00:17:46,640
minister david lloyd george
306
00:17:43,599 --> 00:17:48,000
and arthur balfour a delegation from the
307
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:51,200
zionist organization
308
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:54,240
attended headed by haim weissman
309
00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,919
they presented a map seen here proposing
310
00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:59,200
the area to be allocated
311
00:17:55,919 --> 00:18:00,400
for a jewish homeland the map included
312
00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:02,880
both palestine
313
00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:04,720
and the east bank of the jordan river as
314
00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:08,240
well as parts of what are today
315
00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:09,200
southern lebanon and syria parallel to
316
00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:11,440
the conference
317
00:18:09,200 --> 00:18:12,960
the leader of the arab delegation prince
318
00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:14,960
faisal bin hussein
319
00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:17,279
signed with the zionist delegation's
320
00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:19,279
leader what became known as the faisal
321
00:18:17,279 --> 00:18:21,599
weissmann agreement
322
00:18:19,279 --> 00:18:23,599
it outlined faisal's approval for a
323
00:18:21,599 --> 00:18:26,079
jewish homeland in palestine
324
00:18:23,599 --> 00:18:27,759
and an arab nation in the larger middle
325
00:18:26,079 --> 00:18:30,319
east
326
00:18:27,759 --> 00:18:32,558
the agreement was mediated by lieutenant
327
00:18:30,319 --> 00:18:35,839
colonel thomas edward lawrence
328
00:18:32,558 --> 00:18:37,839
known as lawrence of arabia
329
00:18:35,839 --> 00:18:39,678
faisal signed adding in his own
330
00:18:37,839 --> 00:18:42,000
handwriting that the agreement
331
00:18:39,679 --> 00:18:44,640
be dependent on the arabs gaining their
332
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:44,640
independence
333
00:19:08,839 --> 00:19:11,839
is
334
00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:24,480
habilihood in 1920 the first british
335
00:20:22,798 --> 00:20:26,158
high commissioner for palestine was
336
00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:28,880
appointed
337
00:20:26,159 --> 00:20:30,960
controversially london selected herbert
338
00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:34,000
samuel for the post
339
00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:36,079
samuel was a committed zionist many
340
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:37,359
suspected he would set out to implement
341
00:20:36,079 --> 00:20:39,918
what he had proposed
342
00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:40,719
five years earlier by favouring jewish
343
00:20:39,919 --> 00:20:43,360
immigration
344
00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:44,798
to transform palestine into a jewish
345
00:20:43,359 --> 00:20:48,158
homeland
346
00:20:44,798 --> 00:20:50,319
in 1922 the league of nations formalized
347
00:20:48,159 --> 00:20:52,400
british rule in palestine
348
00:20:50,319 --> 00:20:54,240
the second clause of the british mandate
349
00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,880
document approved by the league of
350
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:57,839
nations
351
00:20:54,880 --> 00:21:00,000
stipulated the british mandatory shall
352
00:20:57,839 --> 00:21:00,959
be responsible for placing the country
353
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,679
under political
354
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:05,679
administrative and economic conditions
355
00:21:03,679 --> 00:21:09,120
that will secure the establishment
356
00:21:05,679 --> 00:21:11,440
of the jewish national home
357
00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:12,558
british high commissioner herbert samuel
358
00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:14,880
decreed hebrew
359
00:21:12,558 --> 00:21:16,240
as an official language of palestine
360
00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:19,679
alongside arabic
361
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:21,759
and english the letters e and y
362
00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:22,798
were added to the word palestine in
363
00:21:21,759 --> 00:21:25,359
hebrew
364
00:21:22,798 --> 00:21:26,720
as an abbreviation of the words eretz
365
00:21:25,359 --> 00:21:30,158
israel
366
00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:30,159
meaning land of israel
367
00:22:03,679 --> 00:22:08,559
britain provided the muscle um under
368
00:22:06,880 --> 00:22:10,000
which they could
369
00:22:08,558 --> 00:22:12,879
simply emigrate i mean they couldn't
370
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:16,000
have immigrated were it not for
371
00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:19,600
the british presence
372
00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:20,960
because the um the crucial battle in the
373
00:22:19,599 --> 00:22:24,240
early stages was
374
00:22:20,960 --> 00:22:26,000
simply getting jews into palestine
375
00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:28,159
and acquiring land they couldn't have
376
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:33,759
done that without british
377
00:22:28,159 --> 00:22:33,760
government's sponsorship
378
00:23:59,759 --> 00:24:02,879
palestinians viewed the british
379
00:24:01,359 --> 00:24:05,199
mandatory authority
380
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:08,480
and british troops on the ground as
381
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,480
siding with the jews
382
00:24:08,798 --> 00:24:12,558
more and more palestinian farmers
383
00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:15,120
expelled from farmlands
384
00:24:12,558 --> 00:24:17,278
began to join newly formed revolutionary
385
00:24:15,119 --> 00:24:20,558
groups
386
00:24:17,278 --> 00:24:21,759
in 1921 palestinians organized large
387
00:24:20,558 --> 00:24:25,278
demonstrations
388
00:24:21,759 --> 00:24:25,278
against jewish immigration
389
00:24:30,079 --> 00:24:34,000
at that time the palestinian leadership
390
00:24:32,319 --> 00:24:37,200
was in effect hereditary
391
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:38,000
within one family the grand mufti of
392
00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:40,798
jerusalem
393
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:42,480
amin al-husseini inherited his position
394
00:24:40,798 --> 00:24:44,480
at the age of 25
395
00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:45,519
following the death of his brother who
396
00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:48,720
had in turn
397
00:24:45,519 --> 00:24:48,720
succeeded their father
398
00:24:49,679 --> 00:24:52,798
the leadership sent successive
399
00:24:51,359 --> 00:25:01,839
delegations to london
400
00:24:52,798 --> 00:25:01,839
to discuss the palestinian question
401
00:25:40,839 --> 00:25:43,839
is
402
00:25:58,798 --> 00:26:02,720
the changes on the ground in palestine
403
00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:04,480
can be noted in the british government's
404
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:07,120
report to the council of the league of
405
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:09,440
nations in 1925.
406
00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:10,798
the document reported the immigration of
407
00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:13,440
more than 33
408
00:26:10,798 --> 00:26:15,759
000 jews who were granted palestinian
409
00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:18,159
nationality
410
00:26:15,759 --> 00:26:20,319
this was three times the figure of the
411
00:26:18,159 --> 00:26:22,159
previous year
412
00:26:20,319 --> 00:26:24,240
thirteen new settlements were built
413
00:26:22,159 --> 00:26:26,000
according to the report
414
00:26:24,240 --> 00:26:28,079
a jewish labor union called the
415
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:31,278
histadrut had been set up
416
00:26:28,079 --> 00:26:33,439
under the direction of david ben-gurion
417
00:26:31,278 --> 00:26:36,240
and the jewish town of tel aviv was
418
00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:38,720
accorded municipal autonomy
419
00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:41,359
in addition the hebrew university was
420
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:43,600
officially opened in 1925
421
00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:44,399
at a ceremony attended by british high
422
00:26:43,599 --> 00:26:46,798
commissioner
423
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,840
herbert samuel the former british
424
00:26:46,798 --> 00:26:50,240
foreign secretary
425
00:26:47,839 --> 00:26:53,519
arthur balfour and the head of the
426
00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:56,319
zionist organization heim weissmann
427
00:26:53,519 --> 00:26:58,639
as weissmann's guest balfour visited a
428
00:26:56,319 --> 00:27:01,200
number of jewish settlements
429
00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:01,840
in jerusalem he met with samuel and alan
430
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:03,919
b
431
00:27:01,839 --> 00:27:06,240
the two men who had helped implement the
432
00:27:03,919 --> 00:27:08,240
policy he himself had laid out
433
00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:11,440
eight years earlier in the famous
434
00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:11,440
balfour declaration
435
00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:21,840
the palestinians went on strike to
436
00:27:17,038 --> 00:27:21,839
protest against balfour's visit
437
00:27:25,038 --> 00:27:29,359
they raised black flags to signal their
438
00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:34,959
opposition to the policies balfour had
439
00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:38,158
set in train
440
00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:41,679
the palestinians were in somber mood
441
00:27:38,159 --> 00:27:41,679
not so the zionists
442
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,840
say
443
00:28:01,599 --> 00:28:06,000
weissmann congratulated samuel for his
444
00:28:04,159 --> 00:28:09,679
work towards the establishment
445
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,679
of a national jewish homeland
446
00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:18,399
the zionist movement was active in its
447
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:21,038
propaganda
448
00:28:18,398 --> 00:28:23,599
this film in french showed the map of
449
00:28:21,038 --> 00:28:26,000
palestine with areas highlighted as land
450
00:28:23,599 --> 00:28:31,839
the zionists claimed to have acquired as
451
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:31,839
of 1925.
452
00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:37,679
the film also shows the areas zionists
453
00:28:36,319 --> 00:28:44,720
planned to acquire
454
00:28:37,679 --> 00:28:48,000
within the next 25 years
455
00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:48,480
in the summer of 1929 ardent zionist
456
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,558
groups
457
00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:52,079
organized a gathering at the wailing
458
00:28:50,558 --> 00:28:55,918
wall in jerusalem
459
00:28:52,079 --> 00:28:57,918
known to the palestinians as al-buraq
460
00:28:55,919 --> 00:29:00,799
the incident ignited violent
461
00:28:57,919 --> 00:29:03,440
demonstrations called the burak revolt
462
00:29:00,798 --> 00:29:05,119
led by a palestinian farmer named farhan
463
00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:08,000
al-sadi
464
00:29:05,119 --> 00:29:10,558
more than 100 arabs and jews were killed
465
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:12,798
on both sides
466
00:29:10,558 --> 00:29:14,398
sir john chancellor the new british high
467
00:29:12,798 --> 00:29:16,720
commissioner in palestine
468
00:29:14,398 --> 00:29:18,479
issued a strongly worded memorandum
469
00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:19,278
calling for all those who took part in
470
00:29:18,480 --> 00:29:22,558
the revolt
471
00:29:19,278 --> 00:29:24,240
to be severely punished three
472
00:29:22,558 --> 00:29:26,079
palestinians were arrested
473
00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:28,240
and accused of participating in the
474
00:29:26,079 --> 00:29:32,079
revolt they were
475
00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:35,839
fuad hassan hijazi from safad
476
00:29:32,079 --> 00:29:39,439
atta ahmed al-zir from hebron
477
00:29:35,839 --> 00:29:41,519
and muhammad khalil jamjum whose picture
478
00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:44,159
could not be found
479
00:29:41,519 --> 00:29:45,278
the three men were jailed here at acre
480
00:29:44,159 --> 00:29:49,039
prison
481
00:29:45,278 --> 00:29:51,278
the british sentenced them to death
482
00:29:49,038 --> 00:29:53,519
arab delegations pleaded for their
483
00:29:51,278 --> 00:29:56,960
sentences to be commuted
484
00:29:53,519 --> 00:29:57,839
but on june the 17th 1930 the british
485
00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:01,360
authorities
486
00:29:57,839 --> 00:30:03,678
had the three men executed
487
00:30:01,359 --> 00:30:06,479
a cemetery in acre still contains the
488
00:30:03,679 --> 00:30:08,240
graves of the three men
489
00:30:06,480 --> 00:30:10,798
in a final statement before their
490
00:30:08,240 --> 00:30:13,038
execution they had written
491
00:30:10,798 --> 00:30:14,079
at the end of our lives we say to the
492
00:30:13,038 --> 00:30:17,119
arab leaders
493
00:30:14,079 --> 00:30:20,398
and muslims all over the world do not
494
00:30:17,119 --> 00:30:23,839
trust the foreigners we lived and died
495
00:30:20,398 --> 00:30:23,839
for the arab cause
496
00:30:31,278 --> 00:30:34,960
such sentiments of anti-colonialism and
497
00:30:33,759 --> 00:30:37,038
pan-arabism
498
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:40,240
would become increasingly common in
499
00:30:37,038 --> 00:30:40,240
subsequent decades
500
00:30:43,759 --> 00:30:48,398
during the first 10 years of the british
501
00:30:45,599 --> 00:30:53,439
mandate the number of jews in palestine
502
00:30:48,398 --> 00:30:56,239
more than doubled to reach 175 000
503
00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:59,038
zionists all over the world we're proud
504
00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:59,038
of their achievement
505
00:30:59,599 --> 00:31:04,480
i am here today to ask you my fellow
506
00:31:02,839 --> 00:31:08,000
zionists
507
00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:11,200
which attitude shall we take
508
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:14,720
which of the possible attitudes that we
509
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:18,159
face shall be our own
510
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:18,399
i would say to england though i am only
511
00:31:18,159 --> 00:31:22,159
an
512
00:31:18,398 --> 00:31:25,278
american jew but an old time
513
00:31:22,159 --> 00:31:29,120
reverencing admirer of great britain
514
00:31:25,278 --> 00:31:32,640
i would say to england if i could
515
00:31:29,119 --> 00:31:36,000
an arab palestine is a
516
00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:37,120
threat to great britain and a menace to
517
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:41,278
the world
518
00:31:37,119 --> 00:31:42,239
a jewish palestine is an asset to great
519
00:31:41,278 --> 00:31:47,839
written and a
520
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:47,839
blessing for the world
521
00:31:58,839 --> 00:32:03,678
god
522
00:32:01,359 --> 00:32:05,439
with heim weissmann beside him former
523
00:32:03,679 --> 00:32:06,080
british prime minister david lloyd
524
00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:10,480
george
525
00:32:06,079 --> 00:32:10,480
reaffirmed his own zionist credentials
526
00:32:12,079 --> 00:32:17,359
it is as your german has reminded you
527
00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:25,840
it is nearly 16 years
528
00:32:20,640 --> 00:32:25,840
since he recruited me to the zionist
529
00:32:26,839 --> 00:32:34,639
movement
530
00:32:28,798 --> 00:32:39,038
palestine baron and malarial swamps
531
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:44,240
have been converted into happy
532
00:32:39,038 --> 00:32:47,278
settlements science has been harnessed
533
00:32:44,240 --> 00:32:51,200
to water which had been running
534
00:32:47,278 --> 00:32:53,759
wild in waste since the early days of
535
00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:53,759
creation
536
00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:59,440
without vegetation and without life
537
00:32:57,839 --> 00:33:02,480
empty desertion
538
00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:04,320
that is palestine british news bulletins
539
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:07,599
at the time described palestine
540
00:33:04,319 --> 00:33:07,599
as akin to a desert
541
00:33:07,759 --> 00:33:11,839
the reality was very different
542
00:33:36,880 --> 00:33:39,840
happy
543
00:34:55,519 --> 00:34:58,800
british politicians of the early 20th
544
00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:01,760
century had
545
00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:03,440
a distorted view of palestinian society
546
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:06,160
frequently labeling it as
547
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:07,760
[ __ ] despite the population
548
00:35:06,159 --> 00:35:11,199
including over 100
549
00:35:07,760 --> 00:35:14,320
000 palestinian christians they
550
00:35:11,199 --> 00:35:17,118
did not regard them as yet belonging to
551
00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:20,240
either an arab national group in general
552
00:35:17,119 --> 00:35:22,720
or to local national groups uh
553
00:35:20,239 --> 00:35:24,559
the only way they were able to view them
554
00:35:22,719 --> 00:35:28,000
was as a religious
555
00:35:24,559 --> 00:35:30,880
uh group of believers so i think they
556
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:32,320
they missed the point for instance that
557
00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:35,599
christians and muslims
558
00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:37,519
actually founded a new identity
559
00:35:35,599 --> 00:35:39,760
and not a religious one but the national
560
00:35:37,519 --> 00:35:39,759
one
561
00:35:42,838 --> 00:35:45,838
is
562
00:35:57,838 --> 00:35:59,920
for
563
00:36:14,320 --> 00:36:19,039
by 1933 protests against jewish
564
00:36:17,599 --> 00:36:22,240
immigration were becoming
565
00:36:19,039 --> 00:36:24,800
ever more frequent in palestine women
566
00:36:22,239 --> 00:36:26,719
took part side by side with men
567
00:36:24,800 --> 00:36:27,839
the british authorities cracked down on
568
00:36:26,719 --> 00:36:30,879
demonstrations
569
00:36:27,838 --> 00:36:41,838
and arrested thousands
570
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:41,838
many were killed and wounded
571
00:36:45,039 --> 00:36:49,440
the 80 year old former mayor of
572
00:36:46,559 --> 00:36:52,960
jerusalem was beaten by british soldiers
573
00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:53,599
during a demonstration in jaffa he later
574
00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:56,480
died
575
00:36:53,599 --> 00:36:56,960
of his injuries the british authorities
576
00:36:56,480 --> 00:37:08,320
became
577
00:36:56,960 --> 00:37:10,320
ever more heavy-handed
578
00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:12,720
this letter was written by a palestinian
579
00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:14,079
policeman condemning the behavior of his
580
00:37:12,719 --> 00:37:16,959
british senior officer
581
00:37:14,079 --> 00:37:16,960
john faraday
582
00:37:19,119 --> 00:37:23,440
a number of other complaints were filed
583
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:27,599
against faraday
584
00:37:23,440 --> 00:37:27,599
the officer was never charged
585
00:37:27,838 --> 00:37:32,320
four years later faraday was awarded the
586
00:37:30,400 --> 00:37:37,838
king's police medal for his
587
00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:37,838
valuable services in palestine
588
00:37:48,838 --> 00:37:51,838
in
589
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:09,039
only still images of the palestinian
590
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:19,280
demonstrations
591
00:38:09,039 --> 00:38:21,838
are available in the archives
592
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:23,040
movie cameras did capture jewish life in
593
00:38:21,838 --> 00:38:26,960
palestine
594
00:38:23,039 --> 00:38:29,039
as well as british pomp and ceremony
595
00:38:26,960 --> 00:38:31,440
this footage shows the star of david
596
00:38:29,039 --> 00:38:33,039
flagg over the tel aviv municipality
597
00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:35,440
building
598
00:38:33,039 --> 00:38:37,358
this is footage of work in the diamond
599
00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:39,679
factories of tel aviv
600
00:38:37,358 --> 00:38:43,440
and this footage shows the flow of new
601
00:38:39,679 --> 00:38:43,440
immigrants and the building of new
602
00:38:44,838 --> 00:38:47,838
settlements
603
00:38:48,079 --> 00:38:52,880
footage of palestinian life in the early
604
00:38:50,559 --> 00:38:55,358
20th century proved more difficult to
605
00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:55,358
find
606
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,280
a palestinian film archive had once
607
00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:03,519
existed
608
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:06,640
but had since been lost or gone
609
00:39:03,519 --> 00:39:06,639
mysteriously missing
610
00:39:07,519 --> 00:39:13,119
we spent months searching for pictures
611
00:39:09,838 --> 00:39:13,119
of palestinian lives
612
00:39:13,519 --> 00:39:16,719
eventually in the vaults of the british
613
00:39:15,358 --> 00:39:29,838
library we found
614
00:39:16,719 --> 00:39:29,838
glimpses of this bygone era
615
00:39:45,519 --> 00:39:49,280
most of the palestinians intellectuals
616
00:39:47,838 --> 00:39:51,679
leaders journalists
617
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:53,680
were still unaware how determined the
618
00:39:51,679 --> 00:39:54,159
zionist movement is of dispossessing
619
00:39:53,679 --> 00:39:58,159
them
620
00:39:54,159 --> 00:39:59,920
from palestine in the 1930s
621
00:39:58,159 --> 00:40:01,759
the number of jews immigrating to
622
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:06,720
palestine began to increase
623
00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:10,160
significantly from 4 000 in 1931
624
00:40:06,719 --> 00:40:11,679
the figure jumped to 9500 the following
625
00:40:10,159 --> 00:40:14,799
year
626
00:40:11,679 --> 00:40:18,719
in 1933 the number rose to 30
627
00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:21,760
000 in 1934 42 000
628
00:40:18,719 --> 00:40:25,838
and in 1935 a further jump
629
00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:28,880
to 62 thousand that same year
630
00:40:25,838 --> 00:40:31,440
palestinian poet abdul raheem mahmoud
631
00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:32,480
wrote a poem which he read aloud to
632
00:40:31,440 --> 00:40:34,880
prince saubin
633
00:40:32,480 --> 00:40:36,880
abdul aziz of saudi arabia who was
634
00:40:34,880 --> 00:40:40,000
visiting jerusalem
635
00:40:36,880 --> 00:40:41,358
he asked did you come to visit the holy
636
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:46,159
axa mosque
637
00:40:41,358 --> 00:40:46,159
or to bid it farewell before it is lost
638
00:41:04,838 --> 00:41:07,838
foreign
639
00:41:29,039 --> 00:41:33,279
a revolutionary group to strike at
640
00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:36,480
zionist and british targets
641
00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:38,480
in 1935 in the hills near janine
642
00:41:36,480 --> 00:41:41,119
he and a small band of men were
643
00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:44,000
surrounded by british forces
644
00:41:41,119 --> 00:41:49,838
making a defiant stand al qasam and
645
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:49,838
those with him were killed
646
00:42:29,599 --> 00:42:34,000
the palestinian political leadership
647
00:42:31,599 --> 00:42:36,000
came under pressure to halt negotiations
648
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:39,119
with the british
649
00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:42,639
palestinian poet ibrahim tukan addressed
650
00:42:39,119 --> 00:42:46,160
a poem to the leadership in 1935
651
00:42:42,639 --> 00:42:49,440
a poem dripping with iron
652
00:42:46,159 --> 00:42:51,838
oh you sincere patriots you who carry
653
00:42:49,440 --> 00:42:54,240
the heavy burden of the cause
654
00:42:51,838 --> 00:42:55,039
only a fragment of the country remains
655
00:42:54,239 --> 00:42:57,759
for us
656
00:42:55,039 --> 00:43:00,400
so please step down before the remaining
657
00:42:57,760 --> 00:43:04,400
parts fly away
658
00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:07,838
on april 19th 1936 palestinian anger
659
00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:08,800
boiled over protests erupted in the city
660
00:43:07,838 --> 00:43:11,519
of jaffa
661
00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:12,720
in coordination with a general strike
662
00:43:11,519 --> 00:43:16,239
the wave of anger
663
00:43:12,719 --> 00:43:17,279
spread throughout palestine the reasons
664
00:43:16,239 --> 00:43:19,279
for the protests
665
00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:21,599
were explained by a spokesman for the
666
00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:24,400
palestinian political leadership
667
00:43:21,599 --> 00:43:25,440
the main case of the arabs is against
668
00:43:24,400 --> 00:43:28,880
the british
669
00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:31,920
government's policy in palestine
670
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:32,318
a policy which if continued will surely
671
00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:35,440
have
672
00:43:32,318 --> 00:43:38,800
as a result the replacement of the arabs
673
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:40,720
by the jews against all principles
674
00:43:38,800 --> 00:43:42,400
the british government imposed the
675
00:43:40,719 --> 00:43:45,358
balfour declaration
676
00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:45,838
which is abhorred by all arabs in the
677
00:43:45,358 --> 00:43:49,598
near
678
00:43:45,838 --> 00:43:51,119
east and on favoring the establishment
679
00:43:49,599 --> 00:43:54,240
of a national home
680
00:43:51,119 --> 00:43:56,160
for jews for god intentionally
681
00:43:54,239 --> 00:43:57,358
to safeguard the civil rights of the
682
00:43:56,159 --> 00:44:00,879
non-jewish
683
00:43:57,358 --> 00:44:04,159
population the arabs who decided
684
00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:04,880
on a general and a complete strike until
685
00:44:04,159 --> 00:44:07,118
the total
686
00:44:04,880 --> 00:44:09,039
and immediate stoppage of jewish
687
00:44:07,119 --> 00:44:11,358
immigration is brought about
688
00:44:09,039 --> 00:44:13,279
and until the government introduces an
689
00:44:11,358 --> 00:44:15,759
essential change in its present
690
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:15,760
qualities
691
00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:23,838
utility
692
00:44:45,199 --> 00:44:49,759
the 1936 revolt shocked the british
693
00:44:48,079 --> 00:44:52,800
mandatory authorities
694
00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:54,560
who carried out harsh punitive actions
695
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:56,960
anyone suspected of links with the
696
00:44:54,559 --> 00:45:00,480
revolutionaries was arrested
697
00:44:56,960 --> 00:45:03,199
their homes destroyed in jaffa alone
698
00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:05,519
more than 200 houses were demolished as
699
00:45:03,199 --> 00:45:07,759
a collective punishment
700
00:45:05,519 --> 00:45:09,039
demolitions in other villages and cities
701
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:11,200
followed
702
00:45:09,039 --> 00:45:12,559
the british insisted that destroying
703
00:45:11,199 --> 00:45:16,838
palestinian houses
704
00:45:12,559 --> 00:45:19,838
was justified as a means to end the
705
00:45:16,838 --> 00:45:19,838
revolt
706
00:45:58,838 --> 00:46:01,838
foreign
707
00:46:13,599 --> 00:46:15,838
foreign
708
00:46:50,159 --> 00:46:54,879
during the arab revolt david ben-gurion
709
00:46:52,960 --> 00:46:55,679
then a prominent leader of the zionist
710
00:46:54,880 --> 00:46:58,318
movement
711
00:46:55,679 --> 00:47:00,078
reportedly made a startling suggestion
712
00:46:58,318 --> 00:47:03,440
to the british high commissioner
713
00:47:00,079 --> 00:47:05,599
arthur warhol ben-gurion is said
714
00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:07,599
to have suggested all palestinians
715
00:47:05,599 --> 00:47:08,960
expelled from their land by jewish
716
00:47:07,599 --> 00:47:11,519
settlement building
717
00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:12,880
should be resettled in neighboring trans
718
00:47:11,519 --> 00:47:14,639
jordan
719
00:47:12,880 --> 00:47:16,880
the british high commissioner is
720
00:47:14,639 --> 00:47:25,838
reported to have replied that this was
721
00:47:16,880 --> 00:47:25,838
in his words a good idea
45556
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