Original subtitles

For centuries, the Scottish Highlands

have been a law unto themselves,

beyond the rule of any king.

A world where ruthless clans scheme...

You would throw us to the wolves, for what? ..and slaughter.

They'll cut you into bits.

A violent struggle for dominance.

Issue powder and shot. Now!

The mightiest clan, the Stuarts, won

and lost the thrones of Scotland and England.

Four times, they've sought the support of fellow clansmen to

return them to power.

And, four times, they've failed.

A generation after the union of Scotland

and England, Britain is calm.

Or is it?

Dig a little deeper.

Those ancient ties of loyalty to the House of Stuart.

They haven't gone away.

We must make a stand in the Highlands.

Trust me.

Blood will be spilt.

1745.

George II is king of a united Britain.

And House Hanover have reigned for 30 years.

All that time, the Stuarts have been exiles in Europe.

But now, a Stuart prince has returned to Scotland,

intent on restoring his family to the British throne,

by might of arms.

He's put the call out to the clans to rise in rebellion for him.

But these days, that's a big ask.

The Young Pretender, some call him.

Others, Bonnie Prince Charlie,

son of the rightful king.

It all depends whose side you're on.

But all this choosing sides isn't just dividing clan from clan,

it's dividing families.

Like the Mackintoshes.

This is Angus, chief of Clan Mackintosh.

He's a captain in the British Army.

He's on House Hanover's side,

and his regiment's been called up to put down the rebellion.

But his wife, Lady Anne,

she believes the Stuarts are the rightful kings of Britain.

She wants to see them restored.

Angus has argued to Anne that supporting

King George is in the best interests of clan Mackintosh.

The Stuarts have never succeeded in reclaiming the throne.

Why risk otherwise?

So will Anne stay at home, darning socks and making scones

until Angus safely returns?

No.

Whether her husband likes it or not,

Anne's about to get directly involved in this uprising.

On the rebel side.

Because the Prince's cause is indeed gathering pace.

2,000 rebel clansmen have marched out of the Highlands.

They've taken control of Edinburgh in the name of the Stuarts,

and annihilated a British Army force just outside the capital city

at Prestonpans, in a matter of minutes.

Most of the redcoats turned and ran when the Highlanders charged.

Only to be mercilessly pursued and cut down.

The British defeat is total.

The Jacobites are back...

..with a vengeance.

Interesting word, Jacobite.

It means supporter of James.

In this case, James Stuart.

Time and again, the Stuarts have asked the Highland clans to

rise in rebellion, to return the Stuarts to power.

They've got nowhere.

But this time... this time, they say, things will be different.

This time, the Jacobites look seriously dangerous.

After their victory, they invade England. They capture Carlisle.

Three weeks later, they are south of Lancaster.

And this time, the clans are led by

the exiled James Stuart's charismatic son.

Bonnie Prince Charlie.

Brought up in Italy, Charlie's been told all his life

it's his destiny to win back the British throne for his father.

He's 24 years old and blindingly confident that his time is now.

The young Prince believes he's freeing

his father's people from tyranny.

And he's promised to end the union between Scotland and England.

The Prince is very much the heart and driving force of this.

He's a virile figure at first.

You know, people talk about, "Oh, that poncey Italian prince,

"just kind of... who only knows how to dance in his red high heels."

Yes, he does. But he's also a virile military leader

in clan style. He's the chief of chiefs, in a way.

So the clans make Jacobitism militarily realistic.

If you have the support of clan chiefs, you can produce really quite

large numbers of men quite quickly.

Hundreds and, in some cases, thousands in a matter of days.

That is unique within the British and Irish isles and that's

what makes clans dangerous, as far as the British are concerned.

The Prince has secured the services of some of the best

and bravest shock troops in the world.

Camerons, MacDonalds, MacGregors and for now,

momentum seems unstoppable.

This lot pose a serious

and immediate threat to Britain's king, George II, but they need help.

They need the English Jacobites to rise up.

They need the French to deliver the troops they've promised.

If they get either, or both, the Stuarts could be

back on the British throne in time for Christmas.

The French are at war with Britain.

They want a northern front opened, and wait to see how far Charlie's

bid for the throne will get before wading in.

Also waiting are the English Jacobites.

But right now, London is in a panic.

Convinced that a barbarous Highland horde is about to descend on them.

A new hymn, God Save the King, has just been

published in a London magazine and a special verse added urging

British generals to, "Like a torrent rush, rebellious Scots to crush.

"God save the King."

Many in London think it's all of Scotland, all Highlanders,

up in arms against them.

But in truth, a significant number of clans support King George,

and the idea of the United Britain.

Well, the union is established now. It's a whole generation old.

There are people who are ruling clans

and families who were born, and grown up with the union.

They have never known an independent Scotland.

And I think that makes a difference.

So they're going to be ambivalent about rising.

Inverness. Capital of the Highlands.

Here, men from a whole range of clans are being recruited to

fight for King George.

MacLeods, Grants, Rosses and Mackays.

Hold on. Look, hold, lock. Keep it in there.

Don't want no-one to grab it, understood? Aye?

One of this company of mixed clansmen's officers is

Lady Anne's husband, Angus, chief of the Mackintoshes.

There commander is General John Campbell.

A fellow Scot who's convinced many a clan chief that the

Jacobite cause is reckless,

and past its sell-by date in this new era of a stable, great Britain.

John Campbell's earned himself a reputation as a fair

and courteous negotiator amongst the islanders.

Someone who understands the delicate nuances of clan politics.

But these are tense times.

What with the Jacobites having actually invaded England.

Campbell frets that clans who have so far stayed neutral in this

rebellion could now easily rise for the Stuarts.

And there's one clan chief that Campbell trusts to stay loyal

to King George about as far as he can throw him.

Meet Simon Fraser of Lovat. Chief of Clan Fraser.

Simon's territories are vast,

stretching from Inverness all the way down the length of Loch Ness.

He can raise 1,000 men at the drop of a hat.

Simon is old and gout-ridden but his wits are razor-sharp.

Both friends and enemies call him the Old Fox.

Simon has declared unswerving loyalty to King George,

but there's a reason why they call him the Old Fox.

He'll do anything to further his own interests.

He can be vicious.

Simon Fraser of Lovat is one of the great old Highland chiefs.

He is also the saviour and the scourge of Clan Fraser.

That's what he is.

Simon Fraser attained the position of chief of the name of Fraser

effectively by marrying the widow of the former chief.

"Marrying" is a very loose way of putting it.

He had initially to pay her a sum of money,

I think it amounted to 12,000 crowns, but he decided

to short-circuit this by raping her,

while pipers played outside the room, to drown her cries.

Given Simon's reputation for ruthlessness, General Campbell

comes a-calling on the chief of the Frasers to confront him...

..to make sure he's still declaring allegiance to King George

and isn't thinking of jumping on the Jacobite bandwagon.

1,000 Fraser clansmen rising for the Stuarts on Campbell's patch

is the last thing he needs.

The Old Fox tells Campbell what he wants to hear, sort of.

Forgive me, General, if I do not rise,

for I suffer pains and I'm not so nimble.

The Young Pretender is a mad unaccountable gentleman

and his enterprise is doomed to failure.

I could bring you 1,200 men to the King's service,

if I can get arms and accoutrements for them.

If you would order 1,000 stand of arms and deliver them to me,

then you should see how I would exert myself for the King.

Can I be certain of which king you mean, Your Lordship?

Why, sir, there's only one king.

Well, that wee chat sums up the Old Fox perfectly.

He's actually got the brass neck to ask Campbell to

arm his clansmen, without explicitly declaring which king he'll serve.

Will it be James or will it be George?

The truth is, he's waiting, waiting to see which way the wind blows.

Simon's seen rebellion for the Stuarts

come to nothing in the past.

This one has legs, though.

If Simon backs the Prince,

and the Jacobites succeed, rewards would come his way.

A dukedom, a fat pension.

Whatever side he's on,

war will come to his doorstep.

Bloodshed is inevitable.

As Lovat says, "A civil war in our burghs

"is the thing devoutly to be feared."

They have no illusions about what civil conflict can do once...

once it becomes unleashed.

While Simon Fraser swithers,

others are taking more decisive action.

The moment her man Angus joined up with his redcoat

regiment in Inverness, Lady Anne donned the blue bonnet of the

Jacobites, and rode out to raise the Mackintoshes for Prince Charlie.

Her husband might be for King George

but Anne was born into a staunchly Jacobite clan, the Farquharsons.

Rebellion's in her blood.

A stronger urge, it seems, then playing the stay-at-home wife.

There are those who'll tell you that before she was married,

Lady Anne had no shortage of gentlemen callers.

Now, they say, she uses every ounce of that feminine charm to

bring clansmen to the Jacobite side.

But it's not just charm she uses. In her husband's absence,

Anne is empowered with the clan chief's authority.

And she earns a reputation for persuading reluctant clansmen

out to fight at the point of a pistol.

There is a real dark side to Anne.

She's not all petticoats and ponies.

She is a recruiting sergeant for the Jacobite cause,

and she is not the only one.

There are a significant number

of women that support the Jacobites in 1745.

One report in London suggests

there are as many as 150 women in arms early on in the rising.

Which is quite a striking number and, I mean, why would they?

I suppose the answer is that they're educated,

they're involved, they're engaged.

They have political beliefs that they think can be realised,

by supporting the Jacobites.

Women in the 18th century certainly had much

more freedom than their counterparts a century later would have.

They did have the ability to run the estates of their husbands

when their husbands were away or, if they were widows.

So they did have a lot of power in the 18th century, so they could

make the decision that they did want to support the Jacobites.

And if you're a Jacobite, then you are capable of making your own

mind up about whether you should raise your clan or not.

And you're capable of raising it.

Because, if you've been managing your clan,

they're going to respect you and your authority.

Whether by charm or threat,

Lady Anne raises a force of around 500 men, not just Mackintoshes

but MacGillivrays, MacBeans and others whom her clan is allied to.

Although she's earned the nickname Colonel Anne for raising

men for the Jacobites, she won't be leading the clan.

That would be breaking gender convention a wee bit too much.

The honour goes to Alexander MacGillivray,

chieftain of a clan allied to the Mackintoshes.

And, it said, a former sweetheart of Lady Anne's.

If you believe the rumours, young Alexander

saw a good deal of Anne in the days before she married.

All very romantic, eh?

But, as Anne sends the men of her husband's clan south to join

up with the Prince, does she wonder how many will make it back home?

If Angus Mackintosh has anything to say about the activities

of his rebellious wife, then he is keeping schtum for now.

But maybe he's known all along what she'd do.

Maybe Angus and Anne are playing a double game together.

Remember that farewell chat between them

before Angus went off to join the redcoats?

And Anne told him she'd pray for his safe return?

Well, it could be she also said something like this.

Let's say Charles and the Jacobites take the day, the new king,

James, will know Mackintosh clansman fought and died for his cause.

Or, if George wins,

the king knows that the Mackintosh chief remained loyal.

It's a game. It's called hedging your bets.

Charles Stuart and his Jacobite army have crossed the River Mersey.

They've come through Manchester, and are now as far south as Derby.

They're only five days' march away from London.

The impossible seems to be happening.

The Stuarts may indeed be restored.

News reaches Simon of the shortening odds.

Finally, he rolls the dice, and unleashes his dogs of war.

He commits 700 men of his clan, orders them

to march on England to join the Prince.

He knows the Mackintoshes are marching for the Jacobites, too.

But that their chief, Angus, is with the government forces.

An artful insurance, that.

Simon must also fashion himself a get-out clause...

..in case the rebellion fails.

Now, that is the dilemma facing all Jacobite chiefs.

It's interesting that one of his major concerns is to ensure

that his tanist, his heir, young Simon Fraser of Lovat,

is seen to publicly commit to the revolt.

Simon is too old and too infirm to lead his clan into battle.

Instead he passes their command to his 19-year-old son and heir.

The boy's barely through the gate

before Simon's writing to the government.

"It's not my fault, it's my disobedient

"and irresponsible son

"that led the troops out on the Jacobite side."

Blame the boy.

It's cold, it's ruthless.

Simon is a fox to the core.

But the Old Fox's ruthless cunning fails him.

Campbell's not fooled by Simon's cover story.

Delicate diplomacy be damned.

He orders Simon's arrest.

Although Campbell's not going to totally outwit the Old Fox, not yet.

He might be old and lame, but Simon makes a break for it.

No denying, he's a rebel now.

He has a secret safe house in the hills above Loch Ness,

somewhere to stay hidden until

Prince Charles has the crown in hand.

If only Simon had waited a few more days.

The news from the south is not good.

It's said the clan chiefs are beginning to doubt that

Charles can really pull this off.

Maybe, for once, the Old Fox has called it wrong.

Even though the Prince and his army have reached Derby,

just 120 miles from London, few English Jacobites have joined him.

Now, at least two large British armies are manoeuvring

towards the rebels.

Outnumbered and isolated,

the Jacobites are in danger of being trapped.

They've probably

received at the maximum 300, maybe 400 men in total from England.

They were expecting thousands to join them.

All these strong armies that were starting

to concentrate around the Jacobite

army's position, they were feeling increasingly vulnerable.

And to all of the clan leaders, except for the Prince himself,

there was a real sense that we needed to get out of this

trap that we were going to keep this cause alive.

They had a council of war in Derby,

and they had two arguments, basically.

"Go now, take London, strike while the iron is hot."

They were so close.

The other option was to retreat, go back

and consolidate Scotland.

Personally, I think they're damned if they do,

and they're damned if they don't, so they should just get on with it.

Have a go. You don't know.

I mean, against the odds they've had a go, and look where they've got.

I think the crucial bit of missing information was Charles and

his counsel did not know that France had committed to an invasion force.

But only on the proviso that the revolt was moving forward.

The clan chiefs who'd marched south with Charlie hold a vote.

They're a long way from home,

they're discouraged by the lack of English support,

and they don't know that the French are just about to send an army.

By a majority of just one, they vote for a tactical withdrawal,

all the way back to Scotland.

It might look like an embarrassing failure, but it's not over yet.

The Jacobite retreat out of England is swift and disciplined.

Charles celebrates his 25th birthday in Glasgow.

But the Merchant City is loyal to the government

and the Jacobites head for Stirling.

Where, at last, there is some good news.

Charles is told that the French have landed troops

and artillery on Scotland's east coast.

It's just a few hundred men

but it's an encouraging sign that France might still come good.

At Stirling, the Prince's army is further

bolstered by the arrival of Lady Anne's Mackintosh clansmen,

led, of course, by her one-time sweetheart, Alexander.

The Frasers have joined, too.

The Jacobites are now stronger than ever in Scotland.

But a British army, with cavalry and cannon,

marches on their position,

confident that they'll crush the rebel horde.

The British general called the Jacobites "arrant scum",

and predicted they would never stand in the face of a regular army.

And so, around four o'clock in the afternoon of 17 January 1746,

in fields just south of Falkirk,

the British attack.

Charles Stuart's army marches out to meet the British,

but far from being "arrant scum",

the clansmen are about to demonstrate

how dangerous it is to underestimate them.

You need to take

a deeper look at what happens at Falkirk because it tells us

something interesting about the military effectiveness

of the Jacobite army.

The British Army sends its cavalry forwards, and send them

up onto the hill trying to deny the clansmen the chance to

get into a strong position.

They expect to be able to charge down these poorly equipped

Highland soldiers but instead, the Highlanders, with

extraordinary discipline, hold their fire until the very last moment.

Imagine those horses coming down in front of them.

The Jacobites opened fire, the horses are driven back.

They get chopped to pieces by the MacDonalds.

They turn and then charge straight through their own advancing

infantry, thus doing the Jacobites' job for them, to a certain extent.

And then the whole lot panic, break and run.

It's another Jacobite victory, but not a decisive one.

Many of the clansmen preferring to loot British supplies,

rather than butcher British troops,

the vast majority of whom escape,

humiliated but intact.

Within days of the battle,

hundreds of the Highlanders are heading back to their own

territory, to stash their loot and check in on their families.

They'll likely come back, but not in time for what's coming next.

Only three weeks after Falkirk,

the British have reinforcements.

This time, led by none other than Prince Charles's cousin.

Son of King George II, William, the Duke of Cumberland.

That's right, Cumberland is Charles Edward Stuart's cousin.

Incestuous lot, these royals.

Cumberland, aged 24, just four months younger than his cousin,

advances towards the Jacobites with a reinforced British Army.

Not to be outdone by his charismatic cousin,

he, too, marches on foot at the head of his men.

Charles is keen to fight, but his clan chiefs point out that

a third of the army has gone AWOL with their loot.

They advise a swift retreat further north.

And that, of course, produces problems of demoralisation,

loss of manpower and increasingly, the problem of, "How do you

"keep the 8,000-strong army fed and clothed in a part of the country

"in the winter, which it's difficult to sustain at the best of times?"

And with the rebels now moving further away from England,

the London press stop panicking

and go full pelt with the anti-Jacobite propaganda.

A big target for the mainstream media are the women who back

the rebellion.

The Jacobite women become a tool of political satire.

Misogynist satire.

By bringing women like Lady Anne Mackintosh

to the fore, they're ensuring that the British population

generally see this not just as a constitutional, and possibly

even religious conflict, but as something deeper and more alien.

In a way, it's about ensuring that it's seen as truly unnatural

and even to an extent barbaric.

They've absorbed the wildness, savagery,

cruelty and political participation which should be the preserve of men.

And therefore, they violated gender norms.

So women are portrayed as, sort of, masculine

in order to show that they

are, sort of, unnatural.

They are different and it's all part of the kind of

campaign to show why the British are sort of justified in acting quite

viciously against the Jacobites, as they pursue them on their retreat.

So they will burn houses, they will kill those that they encounter.

Anne Mackintosh was described as manly, a six-foot Amazonian.

They say she led her own men at the battle of Falkirk.

In fact, she was involved in other important Jacobite business.

Namely, sewing white cockades, a great symbol of the Stuart dynasty.

But for the Stuarts, Anne Mackintosh herself is also a symbol.

Part of the Jacobite propaganda.

Representing loyalty, courage, purity.

As Prince Charlie retreats north, and nears Inverness, he's keen to

meet this famous Colonel Anne, who's been so faithful to his cause.

The young prince and his entourage rock up here,

Lady Anne Mackintosh's house, Moy Hall.

She's put on her best frock and laid out the good china.

For Charlie, I'm sure, it's all an elegant

distraction from the grim reality of how badly things are going.

This is the first time Anne's met her prince.

The man she's been brought up to believe was born to be King.

And if Charlie is downhearted about the backward

course of the rebellion, he's not letting on in Anne's company.

He's charm personified and putting a positive spin on things.

He's even speaking French.

Doubtless, he'll be inviting her to

the Royal Palace of St James in London next.

Just as soon as he's won the crown for his father.

The cockiness of youth, eh?

There's 600 miles and tens of thousands of redcoats

between Charlie and any London palace, but never mind that.

The French flirting is about to be most cruelly interrupted.

Inverness, eight miles up the road from Lady Anne's place.

Word's got out that Charles Stuart is near. And unprotected.

General Campbell musters his

loyalist clan troops for a dawn raid.

Their goal?

Capture the rebel Prince.

Company, ordinary time.

Forward! March!

But as Campbell and his troops march out of Inverness,

they're being watched.

The town might be occupied by redcoats, but there's still

sympathy for the rebel cause and loyalty to Lady Anne.

A young Mackintosh lad, 15-year-old Lachlan, is sent

to run ahead of Campbell's company to warn the Prince

and Anne of the approaching troops.

They're only minutes behind him.

Roused from her bed, Anne has no time to think.

The Prince must be got out of the house with all haste,

and taken into hiding.

Charles dithers, insisting on being properly dressed and wigged.

One can't be facing the prospect of capture

if one isn't looking one's best, can one?

And with Campbell's troops now moments away,

the Prince's capture is looking increasingly likely.

If Charles is taken by the redcoats, then what?

Will he be imprisoned, executed? Certainly,

the rebellion would be over.

Time must be bought. A diversion made. And Colonel Anne has a plan.

To create her own Jacobite army from her servants and young Lachlan,

and send them out to ambush the redcoats.

How did three servants

and a boy take on an entire company of loyalist highlanders?

Well, there's one way. Bluff.

As Campbell and his men march boldly up the road towards

Lady Anne's house, they suddenly see movement up ahead.

Halt!

Shapes in the dawn light.

Is Campbell's intelligence wrong?

Is the Jacobite army closer than he thinks? Is this an ambush?

The single volley that

Anne's wee regiment fires spooks the hell out of the red-coated clansmen.

It kills their piper of clan MacCrimmon,

the best at his art, they say.

Convinced his attackers are a whole horde of Jacobites,

Campbell is forced to retreat,

all the way back up the road to Inverness.

Tail between his legs.

He'll later discover exactly how he came to be fooled,

but his humiliation isn't over yet and Charles, he's safe.

He's escaped. The plan worked.

And Colonel Anne, the beautiful rebel, she's earned herself another

nickname in Jacobite circles tonight.

The heroine.

Two days after the rout of Campbell's troops at Moy,

the bulk of the Jacobite army advances on Inverness.

A headcount of the loyalist Highland companies reveals more than 200

of Campbell's men had deserted after being routed by Lady Anne's ambush.

The general evacuates, quick smart.

With the Jacobite host preparing a full-on assault, Campbell

ferries what men he has left across the Beauly Firth,

the Cromarty Firth

and then the Dornoch Firth,

putting three bodies of water between him and the rebels.

Inverness is completely undefended.

Charlie marches in and takes possession.

The Jacobites hold Inverness,

and the situation is pretty good considering the downward

slope they've been traversing since Derby.

This is why Inverness

becomes so important to the Jacobite cause at this point of war,

because it's their last large settlement

where they can collect supplies,

and it's also the last port to connect to supplies from overseas.

A priority is to catch up and deal with Campbell and his troops.

They could be a nasty thorn in the Jacobites' side

if they're left alone.

Charlie sends several hundred of his clansmen after them.

The MacGregors and the MacDonalds,

both Jacobites, are hunting down the MacLeods and the

Campbells, both loyalists.

The Scottish clans are fighting a very British civil war,

and the people of the Highlands are brutally divided.

Fire!

A series of skirmishes sees many of General Campbell's red-coated

highlanders cut down by their fellow clansmen.

The general escapes north but what military threat he posed to the

Jacobites is neutered,

and one notable redcoat officer surrenders himself.

None other than Captain Angus Mackintosh, Lady Anne's husband.

When Angus's surrender is reported to Charlie he,

with a wry nod of thanks to his Jacobite heroine,

orders the Mackintosh chief be handed over as prisoner into Anne's

custody, on condition he stays out of the conflict from now on.

Do a prince a favour,

and he's honour-bound to pay you back, it seems.

Your servant, Captain. Your servant, Colonel.

So far, Anne and Angus's double game is working.

But just as it looks like there's a resurgence in the Jacobite campaign,

the rebel army's unsustainability starts to bite hard.

In the weeks that Charlie's been trying to keep things

together in Inverness, his war chest has been seriously depleted.

He's broke.

He can't even feed his forces, let alone pay them.

A vital lifeline nearly comes the Jacobites' way.

Another French ship lands on Scotland's north-west coast.

It's loaded with gold for the Prince.

But this is Mackay country, a clan General Campbell wooed

over to the side of the government.

The Mackays swipe the cash.

And it never reaches the Jacobites.

It's a fatal blow.

And now Cumberland approaches with

thousands of battle-hardened troops.

Charlie's starving Jacobite army has run out of options.

There's nothing to do but stand and fight. Cousin will fight cousin.

The future of the Jacobites, the future of Britain will be

decided on an unremarkable stretch of Highland moor.

So, Culloden is primarily chosen because it blocks Inverness,

and Charles Edward Stuart is determined not to leave

the path open for the British to march past them and take Inverness.

Prince Charles is now facing his most formidable foe yet.

The Duke of Cumberland is extremely experienced.

He's got a large army, cavalry, infantry, artillery.

A very substantial artillery train, which is

something that they have not yet had to face on a battlefield.

So, the Jacobites have about four and a half thousand troops,

compared to the British Army who

have about 7,000 troops, so they're significantly outnumbered.

They're also outgunned. Charles is determined that he will fight.

He thinks it's now or never.

In the centre of the Jacobite ranks at Culloden

are the Mackintoshes,

led by Alexander MacGillivray.

Did Lady Anne come to watch her clan regiment

and former beau go into battle?

Moy Hall is only a short ride away.

It's the Jacobites who start the battle through cannon shot.

But the government can shoot much more rapidly.

They can reload their cannon and they also have more cannons.

The clansmen are forced to stand there

in the open moor, in the sleet,

enduring the bombardment of the British Army's artillery.

Having to stand there and endure that cannonade

made the Highlanders desperate to launch their charge.

THEY YELL

One soldier in Cumberland's ranks will later

write of the Highland charge that,

"They came at us like hungry wolves."

Cumberland has been preparing for them. He's got this rotating fire.

They are firing, drop to your knees.

Next man, fire, drop to your knees. First lot up.

Fire, drop to your knees.

So it's a continuous barrage of fire.

This huge Highland charge hits the government forces with so much

momentum that it does in fact breach the front line of Cumberland's army.

Breaking through, despite the hail of musket shot and grapeshot.

But once they've broken through that front line,

they find another line of British soldiers behind them.

The result is probably a three or four-minute phase of crossfire

which probably killed 700 men in a matter of minutes.

Once that happens, there is never going to be

a breakthrough to the second line,

and the Jacobite rank begins to retreat.

Those Highlanders that are still able to flee leave hundreds of dead

and dying clansmen behind.

Among them is the former beau of Lady Anne, Alexander MacGillivray.

500 metres away, Charles Stuart is in shock.

For the first time, he's seen his clan army defeated.

It's the first time the Highland charge has failed.

And now the bleeding and bewildered run past him,

desperate to get away from the government dragoons.

Charlie is led off the field.

Some say he had to be held back from making his own suicidal charge.

Others remember the call from his own side,

"Run, you cowardly Italian."

Like I said, depends whose side you're on,

and who's telling the story.

One thing's for sure.

William, Duke of Cumberland has won the clash of the cousins.

And what he does next, to ensure that the rebel clans can never rise

again, will earn him a new name.

Butcher.

After the battle, there's just very specifically no quarter to be given.

So anyone who is found on the field is to be killed.

Technically, the Jacobites are seen by the government as rebels.

They are subjects of the Crown carrying arms against their monarch.

By all rules of law and government, most European monarchs would be

happy to see and would condone immediate military execution.

In that sense, the British Army is acting like

most other European armies.

Where things start to become a bit darker is in the days afterwards.

One of the things about Culloden is it isn't just...

it's a short battle

but it is also a very, very long one because it becomes a small

area which is the epicentre of a vast explosion of violence,

which carries on for many months after that day on 16 April.

Less than two hours after the defeat of the Jacobite army

at Culloden, Charles has been rushed past Inverness,

heading for a safe house on the south shore of Loch Ness.

I serve thee with mine own hand, sire.

It's the house that Simon Fraser has been hiding in

for the last three months.

Moments ago, he was brought news of the defeat at Culloden.

He knows many of his clan have been cut down,

but that his 19-year-old son still lives.

This is the first and only time the Old Fox

and Prince Charles will meet.

Fraser knows that he has placed his bet on the wrong team,

that Cumberland's army will soon be knocking on his door, or knocking

it down, but the Old Fox still has one last play.

You see, the longer fighting continues,

the better are his chances of survival.

Remember your ancestor, Robert the Bruce?

He lost many battles before coming back to win your kingdom.

Your Highness must think upon his cause,

and the people committed to die for it,

and you, who have nowhere to run.

We must scheme without emotion.

We must make a stand in the Highlands.

Cynical as ever, Fraser is looking out for his clan, and for himself.

"Keep fighting," he says, "with whatever remains

"of the Jacobite army.

"Bring the government to the negotiating table."

That way, maybe, he escapes the gallows.

But Charlie can't see it.

His nerve's gone, he wants out of it.

Soon he'll be off on the run, looking for French ship

to take him back to the safety of mainland Europe.

Charles is preparing to issue the fateful order,

"Every man for himself." Fair enough.

He's not thinking about the women, though. They've nowhere to run.

In the aftermath of Culloden,

women were particularly vulnerable to redcoat troops who'd

been given a free hand to plunder, rape and execute with impunity.

And Cumberland orders the arrest of the bloody rebel,

Colonel Anne Mackintosh.

Having raided and Anne's house

and put her under arrest,

redcoats now march her to Inverness,

playing the dead beat on the drum, the call to execution.

The route takes Anne past the battlefield of Culloden, where

the bodies of the clansmen she recruited still lie.

Including her former love, Alexander MacGillivray.

When Anne arrives in Inverness, one British officer suggests

they might fashion a mahogany gallows,

and string her up with a silken cord, but Cumberland doesn't

have the stomach for hanging such a distinguished lady.

For want of anything else to do with her,

they stick her in a prison cell.

But in this kind of war, a prison cell can be

as deadly as any gallows.

There's maltreatment, and killing of prisoners,

and rumours start to fly around Inverness very quickly that

a number of prisoners have been burnt in a barn.

That's going beyond what you would expect.

As Cumberland says,

looking around him, "I think

"this vile spot will always be a threat

"to my family and my country."

And the orders he issues to,

"Pursue the vermin through their lurking hills,"

that has always bothered me, that phrase.

Because what do we do with vermin? We only eradicate vermin.

Cumberland is just very brutal, very hellbent on making

sure that this sort of thing doesn't happen again.

It's been called state-sponsored genocide

and it probably was.

It's Scottish officers serving in Cumberland's army

who carry out his brutal policies more zealously than most.

An exception is General John Campbell.

His strategy is to negotiate surrender, where possible.

Although he can do little for his old adversary,

Simon, Chief of the Frasers.

Close to Inverness,

Clan Fraser is one of the first to feel the wrath of the redcoats.

The great castle is razed to the ground,

the livestock and possessions confiscated.

The clansmen left destitute and the clan chief, Simon Fraser,

the Old Fox, is finally hunted down.

Fraser is taken to the Tower of London, found guilty of high

treason and, befitting his status of Lord, is to be beheaded.

He meets his end with style.

If you should strike my shoulder instead of my neck,

and I am able to rise after,

I shall be very angry.

BIRD CAWS

And Lady Anne Mackintosh,

she spends several weeks imprisoned.

But politically, it's awkward keeping her locked up.

Her husband is a chief loyal to King George, after all.

Anne's quietly pardoned and reunited with Angus.

Their cunning double game paid off.

They get to keep their heads.

And Anne keeps her rebellious streak, too.

Years later, at a ball in London,

Anne was reintroduced to the Duke of Cumberland.

He humbly asked her to dance and she agreed,

so long as she could pick the music.

She chose a Jacobite tune, Auld Stuart's Back Again.

HE WHISTLES

Colonel Anne, a beautiful rebel to the last.

But the Stuarts never would come back again.

After the bloody end at Culloden of his extraordinary attempt to

regain the crown of his ancestors, one that came so close to

succeeding, Bonnie Prince Charlie disappeared into the Highlands.

Thousands of redcoats hunted for him, but he was never found.

For five months he evaded capture, before escaping by ship back

to Europe.

He would never return to Scotland.

As for the clans he left behind, well, many of them

would seek exile too.

But this time in the New World of the Americas.

There, they would rise again, fighting to make or break a regime.

But that's another story...