All language subtitles for 2 Great Conqueror

[priest] Do you swear by the gods

to loyally serve the Senate
and the people of Rome?

I swear by the gods
to loyally serve the Senate...

[narrator] After forming the Triumvirate
with Pompey and Crassus,

Julius Caesar is elected consul,

the most powerful position
in the Roman Republic.

He rules an area
of a million square miles,

and commands an army
of 150,000 men.

For the former foot soldier,

it's the crowning achievement
of his young career.

Now, Caesar's first order of business

is to repay the men
who brought him to power

by passing their legislation
through the Senate.

It is in the interest of the Republic
to compensate the men who protect it.

It is our procedures
that protect the Republic.

Without them, we wouldn't be a republic.

Without an army,
we wouldn't be anything at all!

This legislation has been delayed
long enough.

We are simply not in a position
to approve these allocations.

It would be irresponsible
to rush their distribution.

I move we postpone the vote.

We are not postponing.

That is up to the Senate.

All those in favor of postponing the vote?

With no other bills on the day's agenda,

this session is hereby adjourned.

[Tempest] Pompey and Crassus wanted Caesar

to be consul because it would serve
their own interests.

Part of the problem, of course, was that

Caesar's measures themselves
were unpopular.

Everyone could see that he was doing them
for Pompey and for Crassus.

I'll fix it.

- How?
- I'll figure it out.

Will you? Forgive me if I don't have
much confidence.

I'll get it done.

- If you can't...
- I said I'll figure it out.

[narrator] If Caesar can't get the Senate
to pass Pompey and Crassus' legislation,

he could lose his position
as consul of Rome.

So he takes matters into his own hands.

[grunting]

With the use of street thugs,

Caesar sends a message of intimidation.

Targeting all the senators
who opposed him.

[grunts]

Making it clear that at the next vote,

things will be different.

[Caesar] Those who support this bill

will be friends of the Republic.

Any who oppose this bill,
oppose the good of Rome itself.

All those in favor?

The vote is unanimous.

[Strauss]
Caesar's resort to heavy-handed tactics

had a negative impact
on his reputation in Rome.

His political rivals now saw him

as not merely a politician
who disagreed with them,

but a dangerous person.

Someone who would resort to anything
in order to get ahead.

[narrator]
Caesaer's strong arm tactics work

and the Senate pass
the Triumvirate's legislation,

including generous tax cuts for Crassus

and the allocation of land
for Pompey's soldiers.

[Toner] Crassus, Pompey and Caesar
are so powerful

that if they agree what they want
to get done,

they can get anything done.

They can force whatever they want
through the Senate.

[narrator] The three become partners
in several of Crassus' businesses.

And for the first time in his adult life,

Caesar is a rich man.

For an alliance among three
deeply unsavory individuals,

the Triumvirate proved
actually remarkably stable.

They had been massively successful,

and were enormously wealthy.

[narrator] As consul, Caesar increases
his wealth a hundred times over,

putting him in the upper echelons
of Roman society.

He buys a lavish palace,

throws extravagant parties,

and can have any woman he desires.

Hello.

[narrator] He begins an affair
with a married aristocrat

who's well-connected in Rome.

Her name is Servilia.

[Mignone] When we look at
the Roman Republic

we can see a number of women
who were major power players.

They've got wealth, they've got power,
they've got connections.

Servilia is one of these.

[bell tolling in distance]

What's your name?

Brutus.

You look just like your father.

[narrator]
While the Triumvirate become rich,

Caesar's use of violence
turn the entire Senate against him.

And because Pompey and Crassus
are worried about their own careers,

they decide Caesar must be replaced.

[Caesar] This is working.

So why change it?

You've made too many enemies.

I have done what I needed to do.

And you got what you wanted.
You were a consul.

You still need me.

For what?

I have fulfilled my end of the bargain.

I'll make sure that you're appointed
a governorship.

I'll even let you choose the province.

Pompey is giving me a governorship.

Congratulations.

You knew about this?

Why didn't you warn me?

Actually, Pompey and I agree on this.

I'm passing your legislation.

I'm protecting your interests.

You owe me!

This isn't personal.

It's just business.

Caesar had won the consulship

that he had been aiming after
for his entire life,

but he was planning on that being
the beginning of his career,

not the end of his career.

He had major plans for himself.

They made it sound
like they were doing me a favor.

Of course they did.

They could have gotten me a second term.

We could have pushed it through.

And what would that have gained them?

They know what they're doing.

They want you out of Rome.

Well, I'm not going.

Where did Crassus make his fortunes?

Where did Pompey win his armies?

There's a lot of opportunity
in the provinces.

Take advantage of it.

Servilia is one
of the most fascinating women,

not just of the age of Caesar,
but of the entire Roman Republic.

Across several decades,

she is probably the most important

backchannel politician
that Rome had to offer.

[narrator] With his role as consul ending,

Caesar realizes there is only one way
to save his political career.

He must become a conqueror.

To do that, Caesar will need an army.

[Duncan] What Caesar wanted for himself

was to go out and be governor
of some province in the Roman Republic

that would allow him
control of some armies

so that he could then go off and conquer

some additional territory
for the Republic.

[narrator] Caesar picks a province
on the northern edge of the Republic

that borders the one territory
that no Roman general has ever conquered,

known as Gaul.

Over 200,000 square miles,

Gaul comprises the territory
of modern-day France and Belgium,

as well as parts of Switzerland,
the Netherlands, and Germany.

The Gauls are considered Rome's
most dangerous threat in the region.

To keep them from invading,

there are four Roman legions
patrolling the border.

[yelling, horse neighs]

The Romans had long had
a deep psychological fear of the Gauls

because one of the most traumatic events
in the history of Rome

is shortly after the founding
of the Republic.

A Gallic army came down
and actually sacked Rome.

So, the Romans themselves
were always a little bit afraid

of the long-haired barbarians.

[narrator] If Caesar can conquer Gaul,

he'll return home a hero

and reclaim his place
as one of Rome's most powerful men.

But if he fails,

he'll either die in Gaul
or be charged with treason

for invading a foreign land
without the Senate's approval.

A crime punishable by death.

In 58 B.C.,

Julius Caesar and his four legions
of 20,000 men

cross the border and invade Gaul.

Caesar had no authority to invade Gaul.

He does so off his own back.

He ignores the Senate,
and of course that shows

how ambitious Caesar was.

He was not going to be held back
by a few political rules

in his search for power and glory.

[narrator] The Gauls are made up of tribes
scattered throughout the region.

[grunting, yelling]

Caesar's plan is to attack them,
one by one, before they can unite.

Push forward!

[soldiers yelling]

[narrator] Moving quickly, Caesar and
his men claim a string of early victories,

allowing him to push deeper
into the region.

Caesar's conquest of Gaul

is one of the all-time great examples
of divide and conquer.

He never had to face
a unified Gallic army, like,

"Oh, the Romans are coming to invade us,
we must join together and stop them."

He was always able to do it piecemeal,
bit by bit.

Spread out!

[grunting, yelling]

[narrator] To stay on the offensive,

Caesar makes an unprecedented move.

He abandons the Roman supply lines,

forcing his army
to live off the land they conquer.

He wasn't running out of supply lines
that were coming back from Italy.

He was taking local food, local water,
local wine.

We can trace along the river
using the tree line to mask our movements.

What if we cross through the plains?

It's more direct.

And the high grass can provide cover.

It's drier terrain. We can move faster.

That's the route. Mark it.

[narrator] With each encounter,

Caesar levels his opponents.

[soldiers yelling, swords clang]

Protect the flanks!

[narrator] And by 56 B.C.,

he has conquered most
of present day France.

As the victories mount up,

Caesar begins sending word
of his conquests back to Rome

in a series of reports
known as the Gallic Commentaries.

Caesar writes his own history

and it describes him in the third person
to make them appear neutral and objective.

They were designed, though,
really to be read back in Rome

and to appeal to his supporters
and the Roman people.

[narrator] When the reports make their way
through the Republic

the Roman people see Caesar as a hero.

The Romans were introduced firsthand

to this new territory
that they had conquered,

this new world that seemed on the edge

of barbarism and civilization,

all of which had been brought
before them now by Caesar.

[narrator] As Caesar's popularity
increases with the people,

other soldiers are inspired
to come join the fight.

One of the new arrivals
is a rising cavalry officer

named Mark Antony.

[Duncan] Mark Antony was a young noble

who at the time of the Gallic wars
was just starting to emerge himself.

When Antony showed up
in the legions in Gaul,

as a young cavalry officer,
Caesar liked what he saw.

His infantry is here, here, and here.

He'll try to divide our ranks
or surround us.

Take two cohorts from the 10th
and use them to shore up our flanks.

Good.

[narrator] Over the next three years,

Caesar defeats several tribes
along the eastern and western borders

and continues moving north.

Caesar was driven
by almost uncontrollable ambition.

He still wasn't satisfied
with what he had achieved,

he still wanted more.

[narrator] Caesar even moves beyond
the borders of Gaul,

ordering troops into Germania and Britain,

going further than any Roman conqueror
before him.

You underestimated him.

We both did.

There's no denying.

It's an accomplishment. Conquering Gaul.

Invading Gaul.

He's yet to conquer anything.

If he returns as a conqueror,
with his own army, his own fortune...

Sooner or later he'll make a mistake,
and get himself killed.

It's only a matter of time.

We should have never sent him away.

Pompey and Crassus see Caesar's popularity
as a direct threat

that Caesar is now perhaps more powerful
than the rest of them.

And in that position,
he can do increasingly what he wants.

What are you smiling about?

[narrator] Envious of Caesar's success,

Crassus decides he needs
a military victory of his own...

and sets off for the Middle East
to conquer the kingdom of Parthia.

Crassus' long-standing ambition,

the missing piece from his entire career
is a great military victory.

He had been allied with Caesar
for a long time

and so, now he was watching

not just his rival Pompey outdo him
in terms of military success,

but now Caesar is out conquering Gaul.

Crassus still has nothing to show for it.

[narrator] As Crassus looks for glory
in the Middle East,

Caesar continues his conquest of Gaul.

And by 53 B.C., he controls nearly
150,000 square miles of land.

There's just one area,
near the town of Gergovia,

he still needs to conquer.

[grunts]

[yelling]

Go! After them!

[narrator] For the first time
since invading Gaul,

Caesar and his soldiers suffer
a massive defeat,

losing 700 men

at the hands of a ruthless general

named Vercingetorix.

Much of Caesar's success in Gaul

has been due to the many tribes
who have no unified leader.

That changes with the emergence
of Vercingetorix.

Vercingetorix was a Gallic chieftain

who had been watching Caesar's conquest
of Gaul with growing alarm

and watching the tribes
individually picked off by the legions.

The stakes for the Gauls
could not have been higher.

[man] Caesar's forces are on the move.

Have they changed course?

No, they're still heading due north,
towards the town of Quincy.

[narrator] Outnumbered more than
two to one,

Vercingetorix knows if he has any hope
of defeating Caesar's forces

he'll need more men.

So he sends scouts to any remaining tribes

to convince them to help fight the Romans.

[Duncan]
There was no unified Gallic state.

It was a bunch of tribes and they would
battle with each other constantly.

Vercingetorix wants to form
a pan-Gallic confederacy

to oppose further Roman expansion.

[narrator]
While he waits for reinforcements,

Vercingetorix must also find a way
to slow down the Roman army.

Vercingetorix's great insight
into how to defeat the legions

was that Caesar had always been
living off the land.

If Vercingetorix could isolate Caesar

from those provisions that he had
always counted on,

then he could very quickly turn
what appeared to be a very strong army

into a very weak army.

- Are you prepared to do it?
- I am.

[narrator] Vercingetorix launches
a scorched earth campaign,

destroying valuable resources

for both the Romans

and his own men.

The idea was,
"If we can endure this for a year,

maybe we can get the Romans out of here."

[narrator] The Gauls gather
all the rations they can find

and retreat to a small town called Alesia

where they await Caesar's next move.

Quincy's gone. Grain stores
completely destroyed, along with firewood.

Same for Argenton. And Villate.

Only Bourges remains intact, for now.

What if we push through to Lutetia?

How? We don't have the provisions.

Then we reroute. We still have the south.

If we turn back,
it'll be seen as weakness.

It's just a resupply.
I don't see another option.

The men will make do.

The men can't march, or fight,
without food.

We keep moving forward.

Is that clear?

[narrator] With supplies running out,

Caesar comes up with a plan

to turn Vercingetorix's ruthless strategy
against him.

Knowing the Gauls are suffering
the same food shortages as his own army,

Caesar orders his men to build
a massive wall outside Alesia

to trap Vercingetorix
and his troops inside.

[Duncan] Caesar was incredibly ruthless
when he needed to be.

Knowing that supplies inside the city
were running low,

Caesar decided that he would be able
to starve them out

by circumnavigating the city in a wall.

[narrator]
The wall stretches for 11 miles,

effectively cutting the town off
from supply lines.

Caesar knows that with no access
to food and water,

it's only a matter of time
before Vercingetorix and his men

are forced to surrender...

or die from starvation.

Over 2,000 miles away...

Crassus's own military conquest in Parthia

is a colossal failure.

20,000 Romans lay dead

and Crassus is taken captive.

What do you want?

Tell me! Just, please! Money?

Land?

Oh god. Please, no.

You don't understand. I can give you
anything you want, anything...

[Crassus screaming]

[Crassus] Enough, please!

[choking]

[narrator] Just two months
after arriving in Parthia,

Crassus, and his quest for glory,
come to an end.

[Tempest] Despite Crassus' desire

to have a fantastic military victory
over in Parthia,

it ended up being one of the most
spectacular defeats of all time.

Crassus died by having molten gold
poured down his throat

in mockery of his love of money
and his notorious greed.

[Pompey] I swear by the gods,

to loyally serve the Senate
and the people of Rome.

[narrator] With Crassus dead
and Caesar in Gaul,

Pompey makes his own move.

He runs for consul,

winning easily, with no opposition.

To defend and uphold the laws
of the Republic,

for as long as I shall serve.

I hereby name you, Pompey Magnus,
Consul of Rome.

[Toner] Pompey becomes
more and more friendly to the Senate

because he sees that Caesar
is trying to bypass

all of its traditional authority.

Pompey is received everywhere
with these tumultuous welcomes

and he feels that he is really the most
powerful and popular politician in Rome.

It's from Rome.

What does it say?

Crassus was killed in Parthia.

And...

And what?

Pompey's been elected consul.

[Duncan] The death of Crassus

is the beginning of the end
of the Triumvirate.

It works as long as there's three
centers of power balancing each other.

Now that Crassus is dead

and it just comes down
to Caesar and Pompey,

that leads naturally to them pulling
in opposite directions.

[narrator]
With the Triumvirate all but shattered,

Caesar's future rests solely
on the outcome in Gaul.

But even as they're trapped behind a wall,
close to starvation,

Vercingetorix refuses to surrender,

hoping that either reinforcements arrive

or that the Romans run out of food
before they do.

How long?

A week at most.

If we stick to the rations.

Cut the rations by a fifth.

May buy us a day. Maybe more.

Sir...

the men are on the verge of revolt.

Some are talking about surrender.

They're hungry.

Do you think that matters?

Do you think Caesar cares
if we're hungry?

Reinforcements aren't coming.

Then what do you suggest that we do?

Surrender?

We will wait as long as it takes.

Cut the rations by a fifth.

[narrator] As Vercingetorix prepares
for the worst,

Caesar learns that a massive army,
of 250,000 Gauls,

is heading directly for Alesia.

Vercingetorix succeeds where others
had failed

and he brings a large coalition
of Gauls together,

to try to drive the Roman enemy out.

Caesar was so threatening
to the established order in Gaul

that Gauls were willing
to put their bygones behind them,

and unite under Vercingetorix's rule.

[narrator] With hordes of Gauls
heading his way,

Caesar does the unthinkable.

He builds another wall.

[Duncan] So he devises this option,
which is crazy,

and which nobody probably
would have thought

was even remotely plausible.

Which is, he built a second wall.

So the legions,
their whole world collapsed

to the couple of hundred yards

between the wall that separated them
from Alesia,

and then the wall that separated them
from the relief army that was coming.

How much longer?

We're nearly finished reinforcing
the outer barrier.

Maybe a day, day and a half at most.

I want it done by sundown.

[narrator] Just days after completing
tshe outer wall,

Vercingetorix's reinforcements arrive

with even more men than Caesar expected.

For Vercingetorix,

the time to fight...

is now.

Look around you!

There's men from every tribe,

every part of Gaul!

The Romans, they've raided our towns!

They've killed our brothers,

raped our wives!

Caesar, he will regret ever stepping foot
in our lands!

We will slaughter him and his men!

We will rip the flesh from their bones

and we will drink their fucking blood!

[Gauls shouting in distance]

Do you hear that?

Listen.

Listen!

They're desperate.

But do not underestimate them.

They want to kill every last one of you.

But I will not let that happen.

We've come too far.

We've fought too hard,

for too long, to fail now!

We are soldiers of Rome!

And we have conquered half the world.

And we will conquer Gaul.

We will stand our ground!

We will defend this wall!

And we will go home conquerors!

[narrator] Julius Caesar faces an attack
from two sides

by a people determined to destroy
every last Roman.

[Marc Antony] Archers!

Man the wall!

[narrator] If he and his men are somehow
able to defeat the Gauls at Alesia,

Caesar will become the greatest conqueror
in Roman history.

Draw!

Release!