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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 20 00:00:16,306 --> 00:00:20,564 The 21st century came and movies filmed it. 21 00:00:20,566 --> 00:00:24,658 Nature still looked lovely, cities looked even more. 22 00:00:24,660 --> 00:00:28,381 Lots happened in innovative cinema in recent years. 23 00:00:28,384 --> 00:00:32,269 One of the most surprising things was that editing lessened. 24 00:00:32,275 --> 00:00:35,259 Slow cinema came to the fore. 25 00:00:35,261 --> 00:00:38,057 But deep down, 21st-century movies 26 00:00:38,083 --> 00:00:40,725 had been about what movies started out to be about. 27 00:00:40,730 --> 00:00:43,815 The clash between reality and dreaming. 28 00:00:43,817 --> 00:00:46,756 This is the story of that clash. 29 00:00:49,925 --> 00:00:53,244 The story starts way back here with "Laurel and Hardy." 30 00:00:55,085 --> 00:00:58,084 They're pulling a piano in the Swiss alps. 31 00:00:58,109 --> 00:01:01,443 A studio set and painted backdrop. 32 00:01:01,468 --> 00:01:03,234 We know something'll go wrong. 33 00:01:03,259 --> 00:01:04,506 It always does. 34 00:01:04,531 --> 00:01:05,603 But what? 35 00:01:05,629 --> 00:01:07,547 What'll happen next? 36 00:01:09,955 --> 00:01:14,099 That's the question the filmmakers asked and will always ask. 37 00:01:14,124 --> 00:01:15,858 They racked their brains. 38 00:01:16,318 --> 00:01:19,513 In those days, there was a guy on the set called "the wildy." 39 00:01:19,538 --> 00:01:25,480 The wild man, often drunk, whose job was to come up with the bizarre ideas. 40 00:01:25,885 --> 00:01:30,918 In this case the wildy suggested that they should meet a gorilla. 41 00:01:31,805 --> 00:01:33,516 And here it comes. 42 00:01:33,541 --> 00:01:35,624 Silly but funny. 43 00:01:50,396 --> 00:01:52,775 Everything's okay. 44 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:55,649 From now on it's going to be easy sailing. 45 00:01:57,435 --> 00:01:59,616 The wild man had innovated. 46 00:01:59,641 --> 00:02:01,990 The gorilla was his innovation. 47 00:02:03,485 --> 00:02:06,472 The story of film is the story of innovation. 48 00:02:06,497 --> 00:02:08,892 The story of the gorilla. 49 00:02:20,696 --> 00:02:22,193 And then look at this scene 50 00:02:22,218 --> 00:02:25,812 from one of Hollywood's most surreal films Blonde Venus. 51 00:02:25,837 --> 00:02:27,193 We're in a nightclub. 52 00:02:27,218 --> 00:02:29,133 A frame densely packed. 53 00:02:29,159 --> 00:02:31,182 Soft, top lighting. 54 00:02:31,207 --> 00:02:35,161 The sort of lighting used to photograph Marlene Dietrich. 55 00:02:43,946 --> 00:02:46,072 And then the reveal. 56 00:02:51,269 --> 00:02:54,201 It is Marlene Dietrich. 57 00:02:54,226 --> 00:02:58,466 She shed her skin and the sparkles of the dresses soften 58 00:02:58,492 --> 00:03:01,290 because of a diffusion filter on the lens. 59 00:03:01,315 --> 00:03:05,998 Hollywood at its most playful, absurd, new. 60 00:03:10,845 --> 00:03:14,464 So since the new millennium, what's been new in cinema, 61 00:03:14,490 --> 00:03:17,888 what's come at it, what's been the gorilla? 62 00:03:18,897 --> 00:03:21,612 At first it looks like there hasn't been a gorilla. 63 00:03:21,614 --> 00:03:24,191 That it's been business as usual. 64 00:03:27,016 --> 00:03:31,409 The movies started with this documentary in 1895. 65 00:03:31,411 --> 00:03:35,197 Workers leaving a factory, filmed square on. 66 00:03:40,872 --> 00:03:43,184 But the big movie story of the new millennium 67 00:03:43,209 --> 00:03:45,936 was that the reality came back. 68 00:03:47,349 --> 00:03:52,610 At first, in the form of documentaries, which were suddenly big box office. 69 00:03:52,635 --> 00:03:55,320 The first time in the whole story of film 70 00:03:55,345 --> 00:03:59,455 that non-fiction cinema held its own on the big screen. 71 00:04:01,783 --> 00:04:05,507 This happened in part because of what used to stand here. 72 00:04:05,509 --> 00:04:09,868 When the twin towers fell, history got bigger. 73 00:04:09,870 --> 00:04:15,670 The camcorder footage of 9/11 out-hollywooded Hollywood, image wise. 74 00:04:15,675 --> 00:04:19,353 Fiction cinema looked a bit old hat in comparison 75 00:04:19,378 --> 00:04:23,227 and reality was more dramatic than escapism. 76 00:04:23,861 --> 00:04:26,744 This film, Fahrenheit 9/11, 77 00:04:26,769 --> 00:04:30,503 was one of the biggest box office hits in the history of documentary. 78 00:04:32,665 --> 00:04:36,997 It told a story about two families called Bush and Saud. 79 00:04:38,691 --> 00:04:43,897 President Bush was being filmed as he heard about the attacks on the twin towers. 80 00:04:46,073 --> 00:04:49,861 All director Michael Moore had to do was show the footage, 81 00:04:49,886 --> 00:04:53,481 add a commentary and a clock in the corner of the screen 82 00:04:53,506 --> 00:04:59,428 to make 2004's most memorable movie moment about power and indecision. 83 00:04:59,453 --> 00:05:04,411 When the second plane hit the tower his chief of staff entered the class room 84 00:05:04,436 --> 00:05:09,434 and told Mr. Bush, "the nation is under attack." 85 00:05:12,372 --> 00:05:17,894 Not knowing what to do, with no one telling him what to do, 86 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:22,508 and no secret service rushing in to take him to safety, 87 00:05:22,533 --> 00:05:30,449 Mr. Bush just sat there and continued to read "My Pet Goat" with the children. 88 00:05:43,857 --> 00:05:50,460 Nearly 7 minutes passed with nobody doing anything. 89 00:05:54,037 --> 00:05:58,318 As Bush sat in that Florida classroom, was he wondering if maybe 90 00:05:58,344 --> 00:06:00,735 he should have shown up to work more often? 91 00:06:01,115 --> 00:06:06,207 Fahrenheit 9/11 took over a quarter of a billion dollars at the box office, 92 00:06:06,233 --> 00:06:09,174 something remarkable was happening in the story of film 93 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:12,737 because that's as much as this fiction entertainment film, 94 00:06:12,763 --> 00:06:16,207 The Bourne Supremacy, released the same year. 95 00:06:16,215 --> 00:06:18,150 But look at The Bourne Supremacy 96 00:06:18,175 --> 00:06:21,828 and you notice how, like a documentary, it's trying to be. 97 00:06:21,854 --> 00:06:24,132 Its director came from documentary. 98 00:06:24,133 --> 00:06:29,672 These shots could have been much steadier, glossier, but rough documentary imagery 99 00:06:29,697 --> 00:06:33,034 had become exciting and new in the 21st century, 100 00:06:33,059 --> 00:06:36,179 so fiction films hitched a ride on it. 101 00:06:48,022 --> 00:06:51,228 Documentaries held the screen for some years. 102 00:06:51,254 --> 00:06:57,409 This film, Être et avoir, which came a bit before Fahrenheit 9/11, was a classic. 103 00:06:57,415 --> 00:07:01,026 Observational, character based. 104 00:07:01,051 --> 00:07:04,394 It's the end of the year in a rural school. 105 00:07:04,372 --> 00:07:07,455 The teacher, Mr. Lopez, is retiring. 106 00:07:07,481 --> 00:07:09,961 It's the last time he'll see the kids. 107 00:07:09,963 --> 00:07:16,906 The camera is at the child's height, then, tilts up to capture his sadness. 108 00:07:21,909 --> 00:07:25,297 Where heroes in fiction cinema often have to strike out 109 00:07:25,322 --> 00:07:29,360 and fight the world, Mr. Lopez just stands there. 110 00:07:29,895 --> 00:07:34,723 And yet he was one of the most vivid human beings on screen in 2002. 111 00:07:38,283 --> 00:07:40,617 And Douglas Gordon's and Philippe Parreno's, 112 00:07:40,642 --> 00:07:45,035 Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, also a documentary, 113 00:07:45,061 --> 00:07:48,437 was one of the most innovative films of its time. 114 00:07:48,462 --> 00:07:52,345 It used extra-long lenses to film a football match, 115 00:07:52,370 --> 00:07:54,677 but it didn't follow the story of the match, 116 00:07:54,702 --> 00:07:58,361 so much as one, hypnotic, roving presence within it. 117 00:07:58,386 --> 00:08:03,688 The presence, footballer Zinedine Zidane became almost mythic, 118 00:08:03,714 --> 00:08:08,906 we heard his breathing, and his thoughts were subtitled even though he didn't speak. 119 00:08:35,483 --> 00:08:39,563 At times he's so isolated and blown up that, 120 00:08:39,589 --> 00:08:43,439 as in an Antonioni film, he almost dispersed. 121 00:08:43,464 --> 00:08:47,591 Like a pointillist impressionist painting. 122 00:08:57,018 --> 00:09:02,582 He had two incompletely healed bullet holes in his chest and another in his thigh. 123 00:09:02,588 --> 00:09:05,786 But it wasn't only in documentaries that reality bounced back 124 00:09:05,811 --> 00:09:07,138 in the new millennium. 125 00:09:07,756 --> 00:09:13,651 Look at this film, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford. 126 00:09:15,348 --> 00:09:18,223 Look at its photography: Sepia. 127 00:09:18,225 --> 00:09:20,202 Shallow focus. 128 00:09:20,203 --> 00:09:24,310 No attempt to sex up the image, or make it look 21st century. 129 00:09:24,336 --> 00:09:25,778 Or computer-y. 130 00:09:25,803 --> 00:09:30,327 The defocusing of the edge of the image was done in part by a computer. 131 00:09:34,429 --> 00:09:38,462 But if the way this famous face is photographed reminds us of anything, 132 00:09:38,487 --> 00:09:45,996 it's the delicate photo-realism of a face like this: 133 00:09:46,022 --> 00:09:48,408 Lillian Gish, softly lit. 134 00:09:53,629 --> 00:09:56,012 Talk about coming full circle. 135 00:09:59,804 --> 00:10:03,258 And where was all this post 9/11 realism heading? 136 00:10:03,261 --> 00:10:06,748 In the direction of an intimate scene like this. 137 00:10:06,750 --> 00:10:08,306 It's in Climates, [Iklimler] 138 00:10:08,332 --> 00:10:11,844 one of the most innovative fiction films of the 21st century. 139 00:10:11,850 --> 00:10:15,205 We're in Turkey now and a new master director, 140 00:10:15,230 --> 00:10:19,928 Nuri Bilge Ceylan, has had Climates, shot digitally. 141 00:10:28,256 --> 00:10:29,731 A hotel room. 142 00:10:29,733 --> 00:10:31,375 A wife, in close-up. 143 00:10:31,377 --> 00:10:34,118 A drip of water on the sound track. 144 00:10:41,512 --> 00:10:45,872 We cut to her older husband, director Ceylan himself. 145 00:10:45,874 --> 00:10:49,966 Shallow focus and his face half obscured. 146 00:10:49,968 --> 00:10:51,743 Sad eyes. 147 00:10:51,745 --> 00:10:54,094 Then a similar framing. 148 00:10:54,096 --> 00:10:58,219 Each plane of focus so carefully chosen. 149 00:10:58,221 --> 00:11:02,715 Then this focus pull and the pores on his forehead. 150 00:11:02,717 --> 00:11:05,065 No dialogue or music. 151 00:11:05,067 --> 00:11:06,709 Then this shot. 152 00:11:06,710 --> 00:11:10,000 Where is the focus here? 153 00:11:16,910 --> 00:11:18,755 The hand shows us. 154 00:11:18,757 --> 00:11:20,933 Up close. 155 00:11:20,935 --> 00:11:23,602 The camera's now lower than the bed. 156 00:11:23,627 --> 00:11:26,881 And mysterious focus again. 157 00:11:26,907 --> 00:11:31,235 The search for it makes us feel as if we are on the bed. 158 00:11:31,237 --> 00:11:34,423 In the head of this sad marriage. 159 00:11:34,425 --> 00:11:39,860 We think of Ingmar Bergman's sad films about marriage. 160 00:11:55,592 --> 00:11:59,817 And then a naked light, 161 00:11:59,842 --> 00:12:02,884 like a scene in an Italian Neo-realist picture. 162 00:12:04,058 --> 00:12:07,805 And then it's over, whatever it was: sex? 163 00:12:07,830 --> 00:12:10,400 The greatest use of focus in cinema. 164 00:12:10,425 --> 00:12:14,219 Realist time stood still. 165 00:12:24,062 --> 00:12:29,111 The gorilla, the sparky new idea in 21st century movies 166 00:12:29,137 --> 00:12:32,978 was a very old idea, that real people still matter. 167 00:12:33,004 --> 00:12:36,013 That tender realism is beautiful. 168 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:39,263 This honesty flowed from Turkey to Romania, 169 00:12:39,289 --> 00:12:43,225 where great new honest pictures like this one emerged. 170 00:12:43,488 --> 00:12:46,374 Welcome to new Romanian cinema. 171 00:13:09,212 --> 00:13:11,688 This is Mr. Lazarescu. 172 00:13:11,721 --> 00:13:15,227 We've followed him all night, from hospital to hospital, 173 00:13:15,253 --> 00:13:18,276 which have all been full because of a bus accident. 174 00:13:19,410 --> 00:13:22,004 We've watched him get worse and worse. 175 00:13:22,239 --> 00:13:23,509 Now he's dying. 176 00:13:26,009 --> 00:13:29,547 The woman in orange is a paramedic who's helped him all night. 177 00:13:31,005 --> 00:13:36,580 Director Christi Puiu said that he wanted to use camerawork like the TV series ER. 178 00:13:37,839 --> 00:13:43,327 Hand held, shooting in the round, dowdy greenish fluorescent lighting. 179 00:13:43,332 --> 00:13:47,451 He used these techniques to show a long night's journey 180 00:13:47,476 --> 00:13:52,477 into day and death, and the human decency of the paramedic. 181 00:13:53,931 --> 00:13:55,473 The Death of Mister Lazarescu [Moartea domnului Lãzãrescu] 182 00:13:55,498 --> 00:13:59,342 was one of the most moving works of film realism of the new century. 183 00:14:03,145 --> 00:14:08,289 It passionately showed that we're all in this scary new century together. 184 00:14:20,129 --> 00:14:24,836 Argentina's films in the new millennium boldly confronted reality too. 185 00:14:25,308 --> 00:14:28,403 This is The Headless Woman by Lucrecia Martel. 186 00:14:28,428 --> 00:14:30,526 Veronica is a well to do dentist. 187 00:14:30,551 --> 00:14:32,242 Her phones goes. 188 00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:34,579 Bam! 189 00:14:34,605 --> 00:14:36,729 She's hit something. 190 00:14:44,180 --> 00:14:48,004 Usually car accidents in movies are done with fast editing. 191 00:14:48,006 --> 00:14:49,783 Here there's none. 192 00:14:49,785 --> 00:14:51,832 Veronica's been crying. 193 00:14:51,858 --> 00:14:55,108 Light rock music as counterpoint. 194 00:15:05,050 --> 00:15:10,890 She tries to calm down, static camera, shallow focus. 195 00:15:28,033 --> 00:15:30,585 Then she drives on. 196 00:15:48,068 --> 00:15:50,237 We see what she hit. 197 00:15:51,822 --> 00:15:58,765 A tense, tragic mysterious moment that gives the film its tone. 198 00:16:03,380 --> 00:16:04,871 Then she stops. 199 00:16:04,873 --> 00:16:07,057 She's probably concussed. 200 00:16:07,082 --> 00:16:10,283 And as we see in the rest of the film, she keeps secrets 201 00:16:10,308 --> 00:16:13,387 from her family and from herself. 202 00:16:14,067 --> 00:16:19,738 You'd think the camera would go with her but it stays here. 203 00:16:27,462 --> 00:16:30,870 Thunder then rain. 204 00:16:47,483 --> 00:16:49,136 Then she's out of focus. 205 00:16:49,161 --> 00:16:52,025 Headless. 206 00:16:52,050 --> 00:16:54,481 A woman who's lost her head. 207 00:16:55,882 --> 00:17:01,648 Veronica's isolation is brilliantly shown in this haunting, un-glossy movie. 208 00:17:01,654 --> 00:17:05,260 One of the best ever made in South America. 209 00:17:07,356 --> 00:17:09,474 And in Mexico in the 21st century, 210 00:17:09,499 --> 00:17:12,873 cinema was brilliantly honest about human beings too. 211 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:15,299 Look at this scene. 212 00:17:15,325 --> 00:17:19,475 A close up of a dark hand holding a light skinned one. 213 00:17:21,011 --> 00:17:22,735 Then cut to this angle, 214 00:17:22,761 --> 00:17:27,381 made famous by a renaissance painting of Christ by Mantegna. 215 00:17:27,387 --> 00:17:30,875 The woman's thin, rich, privileged. 216 00:17:30,877 --> 00:17:32,720 The man's her chauffeur. 217 00:17:32,722 --> 00:17:36,214 Poorer, darker skinned, fatter. 218 00:17:37,989 --> 00:17:39,724 Then the camera rises. 219 00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:43,307 Music like at a funeral. 220 00:17:52,710 --> 00:17:56,598 A blank room like a funeral parlor. 221 00:17:56,623 --> 00:17:58,269 We get a god's eye view. 222 00:17:58,294 --> 00:18:00,542 Or a Karl Marx eye view. 223 00:18:01,881 --> 00:18:05,083 The social gap between them is so profound. 224 00:18:05,108 --> 00:18:07,984 The only way of bridging it is through touch. 225 00:18:07,986 --> 00:18:10,575 In this case sexual touch. 226 00:18:21,186 --> 00:18:25,244 A moment ago they had sex and the camera did this. 227 00:18:25,269 --> 00:18:27,279 Went out into the world 228 00:18:27,304 --> 00:18:35,177 in this single uncut crane shot of more than three minutes, 229 00:18:35,203 --> 00:18:38,567 to show workers taking down a TV aerial. 230 00:18:46,642 --> 00:18:50,797 A Marriot hotel for tourists and rich people. 231 00:19:02,262 --> 00:19:05,270 The back story of Mexico City. 232 00:19:12,191 --> 00:19:15,552 The inequalities in Mexico are epic in scale, 233 00:19:15,577 --> 00:19:19,117 and director Carlos Reygadas uses an epic crane shot, 234 00:19:19,142 --> 00:19:23,745 to dramatize the enormity of the problem, the standoff. 235 00:19:29,109 --> 00:19:33,531 Cinema, coming full circle, to show that sometimes there's a world 236 00:19:33,556 --> 00:19:37,849 between two people, even as they cling to each other. 237 00:19:48,972 --> 00:19:52,506 And if the realism of the new millennium wasn't rich enough, 238 00:19:52,531 --> 00:19:57,631 Korean cinema suddenly darkened it and gave it a strange brutality. 239 00:19:57,656 --> 00:20:01,517 The result was called "new Korean cinema." 240 00:20:01,519 --> 00:20:06,748 There'd been good Korean movies since the 1920s and a golden age in the '60s. 241 00:20:06,754 --> 00:20:14,409 But in the year 2003 alone, three movies show how daring it had become. 242 00:20:14,791 --> 00:20:17,857 This is Lee Chang-dong's film, Oasis. [Oasiseu] 243 00:20:17,859 --> 00:20:21,159 We're at a family party. 244 00:20:21,185 --> 00:20:25,339 A man who's just out of prison is dominating the conversation, 245 00:20:25,364 --> 00:20:26,948 talking nonsense. 246 00:20:54,227 --> 00:20:55,957 He's anti-social. 247 00:20:55,982 --> 00:20:58,988 He's brought with him an uninvited guest. 248 00:20:59,013 --> 00:21:02,657 This young woman in the foreground who has cerebral palsy. 249 00:21:02,682 --> 00:21:06,839 The situation is awkward. 250 00:21:06,865 --> 00:21:10,048 More so when we hear that the woman is the daughter 251 00:21:10,073 --> 00:21:13,051 of the man he's supposed to have killed. 252 00:21:13,403 --> 00:21:16,688 And when they first met, he raped her. 253 00:21:18,212 --> 00:21:22,320 And yet, somehow, these people have a friendship. 254 00:21:22,345 --> 00:21:25,762 Maybe it's because both are spurned by their families. 255 00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:29,975 New Korean cinema was transgressive. 256 00:21:32,906 --> 00:21:37,036 Here's the ending of another 2003 Korean film, 257 00:21:37,061 --> 00:21:40,607 Bong Joon-ho's, Memories of Murder. [Salinui chueok] 258 00:21:40,632 --> 00:21:42,859 The film is set in the late '80s. 259 00:21:42,884 --> 00:21:46,018 A serial killer has murdered ten Korean women, 260 00:21:46,043 --> 00:21:49,596 a true story that scandalized the country. 261 00:21:50,376 --> 00:21:53,360 This policeman's been trying to find the killer. 262 00:21:53,385 --> 00:21:57,263 He's stopped his car and goes to look one last time 263 00:21:57,289 --> 00:22:00,598 at the gulley where one of the victims was found. 264 00:22:01,171 --> 00:22:05,161 Flat, deserted, yellow land, like the crop dusting scene 265 00:22:05,187 --> 00:22:08,007 in Hitchcock's, North by North West. 266 00:22:11,714 --> 00:22:15,354 POV Camera approaching the dark space. 267 00:22:19,313 --> 00:22:22,516 Somehow we think of David Lynch films. 268 00:22:57,995 --> 00:23:02,482 The tunnel seems haunted by the memory of the murder. 269 00:23:16,701 --> 00:23:20,585 And then this: A girl. 270 00:23:20,611 --> 00:23:25,189 But she reveals that she's probably seen the murderer. 271 00:24:10,017 --> 00:24:13,116 A conversation, simply shot. 272 00:24:54,730 --> 00:24:58,694 All through the film the detective has been hoping for such a breakthrough, 273 00:24:58,719 --> 00:25:02,795 but now that it happens it's so ordinary. 274 00:25:03,278 --> 00:25:05,598 A stare into camera. 275 00:25:05,601 --> 00:25:08,729 Maybe the murderer is us. 276 00:25:20,598 --> 00:25:25,497 More transgressive still was this new Korean film: Old Boy. 277 00:25:28,022 --> 00:25:30,873 We're in a dark, stylized world. 278 00:25:30,899 --> 00:25:35,258 This man was locked up for 15 years and not told why. 279 00:25:36,671 --> 00:25:39,353 Now he's out and angry. 280 00:25:39,355 --> 00:25:41,163 Almost comically angry. 281 00:25:41,165 --> 00:25:43,407 He wants revenge. 282 00:25:43,433 --> 00:25:48,478 The film was based on a Japanese manga cartoon book and it shows. 283 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:52,069 The man has found the place where he was imprisoned. 284 00:25:52,071 --> 00:25:55,256 He's going to bash this security guard with a hammer. 285 00:25:55,259 --> 00:26:00,565 And, as in a cartoon, he sees the hammer's trajectory. 286 00:26:00,591 --> 00:26:06,001 Once he's in the prison we get this remarkable stylized fight scene. 287 00:26:06,026 --> 00:26:08,677 We're in the prison corridor. 288 00:26:22,052 --> 00:26:24,842 The wall nearest to us has been taken away. 289 00:26:24,867 --> 00:26:27,204 A bit like in one of those wildlife programs 290 00:26:27,230 --> 00:26:31,045 in which we see moles in their burrows underground. 291 00:26:31,070 --> 00:26:34,274 The shot is far back and makes the scene look 292 00:26:34,299 --> 00:26:36,445 like a cell in a cartoon. 293 00:26:36,470 --> 00:26:39,863 Our man fights 14 other men. 294 00:26:39,888 --> 00:26:42,232 Almost comic odds. 295 00:26:58,744 --> 00:27:01,954 The camera keeps its distance on a Dolly. 296 00:27:01,979 --> 00:27:05,099 Not handheld in the fight. 297 00:27:09,828 --> 00:27:13,982 This isn't the realism of the early movies of the Lumière brothers. 298 00:27:13,988 --> 00:27:17,101 New Korean cinema in the year 2003 299 00:27:17,127 --> 00:27:20,356 was also doing something like the opposite to realism. 300 00:27:20,362 --> 00:27:24,386 Stylized, dreamlike, magical almost. 301 00:27:24,460 --> 00:27:30,029 Like this film, George Méliés, The Moon at one Meter, 302 00:27:30,055 --> 00:27:33,072 one of the first science fiction films. 303 00:27:33,078 --> 00:27:34,186 Theatrical. 304 00:27:34,188 --> 00:27:37,239 Wearing it's dreaminess on its sleeve. 305 00:27:37,241 --> 00:27:41,998 Movies in the new millennium were dreamlike as well as realistic. 306 00:27:42,004 --> 00:27:45,083 The gorilla, the innovation in 21st century cinema 307 00:27:45,108 --> 00:27:48,990 was dreamlike as well as naturalistic. 308 00:27:49,015 --> 00:27:53,148 Film history coming full circle again. 309 00:27:55,908 --> 00:27:58,818 In the most famous American movie about a dream, 310 00:27:58,843 --> 00:28:02,339 The Wizard of Oz, a girl goes over a rainbow, 311 00:28:02,364 --> 00:28:07,593 meets people from her real life, clicks her Ruby slippers together, 312 00:28:07,619 --> 00:28:10,937 and discovers that there's no place like home. 313 00:28:11,409 --> 00:28:15,506 The best dream film of the new millennium, Mulholland Drive, 314 00:28:15,531 --> 00:28:19,958 is as if someone dreamed The Wizard of Oz dream. 315 00:28:20,167 --> 00:28:24,145 It's about a girl who wants to climb the hill of movie stardom, 316 00:28:24,171 --> 00:28:28,438 Mulholland Drive, where all the movie stars live. 317 00:28:34,792 --> 00:28:41,954 But, instead, falls asleep and dives down into her own consciousness. 318 00:28:41,979 --> 00:28:48,352 Down in that consciousness we hear of this dance in Ontario, 319 00:28:48,378 --> 00:28:49,696 when she was a girl. 320 00:28:51,637 --> 00:28:53,836 Her moment of innocence. 321 00:28:53,861 --> 00:28:56,945 People jitterbug, shot against purple. 322 00:28:56,970 --> 00:29:00,033 Their own shadows create moving digital windows 323 00:29:00,058 --> 00:29:02,283 through which we see more layers. 324 00:29:02,777 --> 00:29:05,999 This is the girl, luminous and smiling. 325 00:29:06,941 --> 00:29:10,265 But then the girl grows up, falls in love with another girl, 326 00:29:10,290 --> 00:29:15,220 and then gets so jealous of her that she asks this hit man to kill her. 327 00:29:16,276 --> 00:29:19,223 Director David Lynch has the scene filmed conventionally, 328 00:29:19,248 --> 00:29:26,072 shot-reverse shot, almost natural light, medium close ups, in a café called Winkies. 329 00:29:27,775 --> 00:29:29,681 But out of the corner of her eye 330 00:29:29,706 --> 00:29:32,177 the girls sees this man. 331 00:29:33,426 --> 00:29:36,214 He looks at her as she arranges the murder. 332 00:29:36,239 --> 00:29:37,377 Bang. 333 00:29:37,403 --> 00:29:41,502 It's like he sees her commit the crime, the thought crime. 334 00:29:42,798 --> 00:29:47,979 And so, in her long dream we see him, not her, 335 00:29:48,004 --> 00:29:53,279 confronting something awful behind a wall at the back of Winkies. 336 00:30:20,393 --> 00:30:21,666 Handheld camera. 337 00:30:21,692 --> 00:30:23,636 A roar on the soundtrack. 338 00:30:23,662 --> 00:30:27,310 A shock so great that everything goes silent. 339 00:30:29,976 --> 00:30:34,129 The monster seems to be her terror at planning the killing. 340 00:30:34,154 --> 00:30:40,194 She doesn't dream of herself confronting it but of the man who looked at her doing so. 341 00:30:43,180 --> 00:30:47,600 And this place, Club Silencio, also in Diane's sub conscious, 342 00:30:47,626 --> 00:30:50,095 is like Oz in The Wizard of Oz. 343 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:53,124 Diane's dream comes to a climax here. 344 00:30:53,149 --> 00:30:57,834 She shakes because her subconscious is flooding. 345 00:31:17,036 --> 00:31:20,784 A wizard conjures blue lights, disappears. 346 00:31:20,810 --> 00:31:23,051 Light like we're under water. 347 00:31:25,089 --> 00:31:28,632 Mulholland Dr. was so innovative because it was The Wizard of Oz 348 00:31:28,657 --> 00:31:35,002 plunged into the black night of film noir and the rabbit hole of David Lynch's brain. 349 00:31:36,161 --> 00:31:37,865 And then in the new millennium, 350 00:31:37,891 --> 00:31:42,461 there was an astonishing dream film of sorts, Requiem for a Dream. 351 00:31:43,341 --> 00:31:46,028 Anybody want to waste some time? 352 00:31:47,300 --> 00:31:50,790 It looked with piteous recognition at people on drugs. 353 00:31:50,816 --> 00:31:52,917 Angel says that this is the time, we should do it now. 354 00:31:52,943 --> 00:31:54,606 Shit, I'm going to call Brody tomorrow. 355 00:31:54,632 --> 00:31:55,214 Who's Brody? 356 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:56,659 That's my sweet connection. 357 00:31:56,661 --> 00:31:58,470 He's got some unbelievable shit. 358 00:31:58,473 --> 00:31:59,755 Righteous! 359 00:31:59,781 --> 00:32:04,441 It was the great distortion movie about how drugs distort the world. 360 00:32:04,466 --> 00:32:07,262 Speed it up, give it a fish eye lens. 361 00:32:07,264 --> 00:32:07,933 Shit, man! 362 00:32:07,935 --> 00:32:10,314 Then we get us a pound of pure and retire. 363 00:32:10,316 --> 00:32:11,757 You know what that means? 364 00:32:11,759 --> 00:32:13,267 No more hassle. 365 00:32:13,269 --> 00:32:15,816 We get off hard knocks and be on easy street. 366 00:32:15,818 --> 00:32:17,932 Shit. 367 00:32:17,933 --> 00:32:23,576 What's the catch? 368 00:32:23,602 --> 00:32:25,094 Here's the catch. 369 00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:30,532 This woman wanted to be on TV so took far too many weight reduction pills. 370 00:32:30,556 --> 00:32:33,651 Now she's scared by her own apartment. 371 00:32:33,678 --> 00:32:38,770 It flickers, floats around her like a gyroscope. 372 00:32:47,146 --> 00:32:52,856 Darren Aronofsky's film was a paranoid dream in a fearful century. 373 00:32:55,214 --> 00:32:57,394 So if the story of film in the new millennium 374 00:32:57,419 --> 00:33:00,994 has been the story of realist films and dream films, 375 00:33:01,019 --> 00:33:04,104 that story is as old as movies itself. 376 00:33:05,178 --> 00:33:07,357 There's nothing new there. 377 00:33:07,359 --> 00:33:08,866 But in the new millennium, 378 00:33:08,891 --> 00:33:14,365 film also combined reality and fantasy in new ways. 379 00:33:14,390 --> 00:33:16,367 The line between them blurred. 380 00:33:16,418 --> 00:33:19,168 They got closer to each other. 381 00:33:19,170 --> 00:33:22,188 Look what we find here, in Stockholm. 382 00:33:22,190 --> 00:33:25,427 The unique films of this man, Roy Andersson, 383 00:33:25,452 --> 00:33:27,808 combine reality and dream in a new way 384 00:33:27,834 --> 00:33:30,550 that few have ever done in the story of film. 385 00:33:31,180 --> 00:33:36,047 You know, I was growing up in a worker family 386 00:33:36,073 --> 00:33:40,291 and I grew up with that... 387 00:33:40,316 --> 00:33:44,836 Impressions that people really humiliated each other and themselves also. 388 00:33:48,937 --> 00:33:52,531 In Andersson's film, Songs from the Second Floor, 389 00:33:52,556 --> 00:33:57,267 this man in the middle, covered in ashes has burnt down his business. 390 00:33:57,291 --> 00:33:59,502 A serious social theme. 391 00:33:59,528 --> 00:34:03,188 And the color in this shot is a drab green. 392 00:34:03,213 --> 00:34:07,710 But suddenly the movie becomes heightened like a musical fantasy. 393 00:34:27,801 --> 00:34:34,196 Unhappiness, it's not only the result of poorness, 394 00:34:34,221 --> 00:34:40,561 without money, it's also the result of: What is richdom in life? 395 00:34:40,586 --> 00:34:43,688 Is it money or... how to be happy so to say? 396 00:34:43,713 --> 00:34:49,445 And I think that nowadays, in the last 30 years, people have been... 397 00:34:49,470 --> 00:34:52,895 They are lost. They are lost. 398 00:34:52,921 --> 00:34:56,201 In the extraordinary ending of Songs from the Second Floor, 399 00:34:56,226 --> 00:35:01,371 symbols of religion are being dumped into a wasteland beyond the city. 400 00:35:01,396 --> 00:35:09,850 We built the road of wood and we put in pieces to the right 401 00:35:09,875 --> 00:35:17,126 so that you get the impression that there is a huge modern city there. 402 00:35:19,295 --> 00:35:27,255 It's like the end of the world and then minutes into the uncut shot. 403 00:35:34,580 --> 00:35:36,703 People who have been there the whole time, 404 00:35:36,728 --> 00:35:40,052 stand up from the land, like the day of judgement. 405 00:35:46,099 --> 00:35:51,468 It's a theme that I'm very, very interested in. 406 00:35:51,493 --> 00:35:55,585 Namely the question of guilt. 407 00:35:56,426 --> 00:35:59,930 Personal guilt and, even, collective guilt. 408 00:35:59,955 --> 00:36:04,591 We are carrying a guilt, a collective guilt, 409 00:36:04,616 --> 00:36:10,803 as representatives of the human being or mankind. 410 00:36:10,828 --> 00:36:16,882 We are responsible and we have to get that feeling of guilt, 411 00:36:16,907 --> 00:36:22,188 we have to get it reconciliated, to get rid of it. 412 00:36:22,279 --> 00:36:27,428 And I think it's infected, it infects the society, 413 00:36:27,453 --> 00:36:36,730 it infects our time, and I have that theme in Songs from the Second Floor. 414 00:36:44,017 --> 00:36:46,855 And Andersson found a striking visual style 415 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:50,615 to show the humiliation, guilt and comedy of modern life. 416 00:36:51,119 --> 00:36:52,609 He muted color. 417 00:36:52,635 --> 00:36:54,724 Favoring grays and greens. 418 00:36:54,750 --> 00:36:58,812 He loved plunging perspectives and flat Nordic light. 419 00:36:58,839 --> 00:37:00,490 A bleak dream. 420 00:37:00,468 --> 00:37:03,242 And his camera seldom moves. 421 00:37:04,786 --> 00:37:11,357 I really don't want a single frame in my movie that is indifferent. 422 00:37:11,364 --> 00:37:13,793 Visually indifferent. 423 00:37:14,650 --> 00:37:21,525 And I mean that the modern way of filmmaking 424 00:37:21,551 --> 00:37:26,824 contains a lot of indifferent frames. 425 00:37:26,830 --> 00:37:31,775 Because they are built up to concentrate 426 00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:39,536 on a very specific situation, most of the time killing or... 427 00:37:39,572 --> 00:37:42,054 Yeah, on stupid situations. 428 00:37:42,063 --> 00:37:50,447 Why can't movie has the same qualities as painting, 429 00:37:50,474 --> 00:37:58,832 so you are fascinated by very... each single frame. 430 00:37:58,839 --> 00:38:02,287 But what makes Andersson so significant for modern cinema 431 00:38:02,312 --> 00:38:06,401 is that he combines this exactitude with a real sense of humor. 432 00:38:06,690 --> 00:38:09,294 He's a fan of "Laurel and Hardy." 433 00:38:13,631 --> 00:38:16,734 The simplicity of the way this scene is shot for example. 434 00:38:16,759 --> 00:38:19,239 Square on, symmetrical. 435 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:29,255 And they are so tragic and so funny at the same time. 436 00:38:29,280 --> 00:38:31,893 And it's two losers. 437 00:38:31,918 --> 00:38:36,746 They want to be accepted by the middle class or upper class. 438 00:38:36,771 --> 00:38:43,524 And they try so hard to get that, to come in to this, 439 00:38:43,551 --> 00:38:49,344 to be accepted but they fail all the time, all the time. 440 00:38:49,369 --> 00:38:57,626 It's not only simple jokes, it's also social tragedy, 441 00:38:57,651 --> 00:38:59,281 political tragedy, of course. 442 00:38:59,307 --> 00:39:09,736 It's the underdog's efforts to be accepted, to reach a higher level in society. 443 00:39:09,833 --> 00:39:13,450 Andersson gets the gorilla, the innovation. 444 00:39:13,475 --> 00:39:17,919 He partially funds his films himself, a one man movie studio. 445 00:39:17,944 --> 00:39:20,208 A one man film history. 446 00:39:21,631 --> 00:39:26,459 No-one has quite combined reality and dream like this before. 447 00:39:28,331 --> 00:39:32,889 Twenty-first century cinema built on the past combining worlds. 448 00:39:32,895 --> 00:39:36,805 In the '60s we saw how Stanley Donen, director of Singin' in the Rain, 449 00:39:36,830 --> 00:39:40,177 used this split screen, to get around censorship 450 00:39:40,202 --> 00:39:43,247 by making it look like two lovers are in bed together. 451 00:39:44,504 --> 00:39:48,993 He filmed with two cameras at the same time and combined the shots. 452 00:39:54,066 --> 00:39:55,700 Jump forward to the new millennium, 453 00:39:55,725 --> 00:39:59,074 to this scene in Roger Avery's the Rules of Attraction. 454 00:40:00,372 --> 00:40:03,489 Saturday morning on an American campus. 455 00:40:03,514 --> 00:40:09,624 We've just watched, for several minutes, these two students get up and go to class. 456 00:40:09,649 --> 00:40:15,424 Like Donen, Avery uses split screen, but has his characters look to camera, 457 00:40:15,450 --> 00:40:18,557 to us, rather than each other. 458 00:40:18,793 --> 00:40:20,039 Typical. 459 00:40:20,237 --> 00:40:21,546 Never seen you there before. 460 00:40:21,571 --> 00:40:25,233 We feel in the middle of this flirtatious moment. 461 00:40:25,235 --> 00:40:26,273 Yeah. 462 00:40:26,275 --> 00:40:28,454 You've got bad timing. 463 00:40:28,456 --> 00:40:30,554 Saturday's suck ass. 464 00:40:30,555 --> 00:40:32,070 I don't have to put up with this shit. 465 00:40:32,095 --> 00:40:35,111 I'm dropping this fucking class! 466 00:40:35,136 --> 00:40:36,536 Yeah, me too. 467 00:40:36,561 --> 00:40:37,306 Really? 468 00:40:37,331 --> 00:40:38,356 Mmhm. 469 00:40:38,381 --> 00:40:39,051 I think I'm going to change... 470 00:40:39,296 --> 00:40:42,129 But then she says, "show me your eyes." 471 00:40:42,154 --> 00:40:44,180 And a hand takes his glasses off. 472 00:40:44,229 --> 00:40:45,519 Show me your eyes. 473 00:40:46,881 --> 00:40:48,623 And it's not his hand. 474 00:40:50,409 --> 00:40:56,139 Then the cameras each pull out and swing round and the two world combine. 475 00:41:00,153 --> 00:41:03,919 We go from inside the moment, to an outside observer. 476 00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:08,165 Each camera's move was computer programmed 477 00:41:08,190 --> 00:41:11,316 and the two images were digitally stitched together. 478 00:41:12,219 --> 00:41:16,346 Movies have always tried to make people meet in memorable ways. 479 00:41:16,371 --> 00:41:19,317 Few meetings are as memorable as this one. 480 00:41:21,417 --> 00:41:25,367 And in this film, Avatar, computers also helped create 481 00:41:25,392 --> 00:41:30,059 new 21st-century syntheses of reality and fantasy. 482 00:41:30,961 --> 00:41:33,937 In real life this character is a marine, who, 483 00:41:33,962 --> 00:41:37,317 because he's in a wheelchair, can't walk or run. 484 00:41:37,523 --> 00:41:40,012 But here he's on a mission to the planet Pandora 485 00:41:40,037 --> 00:41:43,239 and has been transformed into an attenuated creature 486 00:41:43,296 --> 00:41:46,993 who enjoys the sprint, moves like a dancer. 487 00:42:01,641 --> 00:42:05,307 Canadian director James Cameron has his camera flow, 488 00:42:05,332 --> 00:42:09,812 the creature move, he feels the soil between his toes. 489 00:42:10,418 --> 00:42:16,131 Hey, marine! 490 00:42:16,133 --> 00:42:17,642 Grace? 491 00:42:17,644 --> 00:42:20,762 Well, who did you expect, Numbnuts? 492 00:42:20,788 --> 00:42:22,559 Think fast. 493 00:42:22,912 --> 00:42:25,845 Everything about this scene was animated on computers, 494 00:42:25,870 --> 00:42:29,317 as you'd expect, except the most important thing. 495 00:42:29,342 --> 00:42:31,983 The facial expressions. 496 00:42:32,810 --> 00:42:34,502 This energetic documentary shows 497 00:42:34,527 --> 00:42:37,925 that the faces were filmed with mini-cameras. 498 00:42:37,950 --> 00:42:41,430 The set of a modern Sci-Fi film looks like a factory. 499 00:42:41,432 --> 00:42:45,457 Bright lights, computers, no hint of an enchanted planet. 500 00:42:45,459 --> 00:42:48,377 Director James Cameron is excited by the process. 501 00:42:48,379 --> 00:42:50,665 You know, there's a carbon fiber boom that comes out 502 00:42:50,691 --> 00:42:51,998 with a little camera on the front of it. 503 00:42:52,023 --> 00:42:55,600 And that camera shoots the face in a nulled out close up. 504 00:42:55,625 --> 00:42:58,319 So, even though the actor is moving all around, 505 00:42:58,351 --> 00:43:00,871 running, jumping, yelling, screaming, jumping off stuff, 506 00:43:00,896 --> 00:43:04,096 jumping over logs, you know, running flat out, whatever. 507 00:43:04,127 --> 00:43:07,494 We're getting that facial performance absolutely locked off. 508 00:43:07,520 --> 00:43:11,320 This split screen in the documentary shows the after and before. 509 00:43:15,235 --> 00:43:18,871 Twenty-first century cinema managed to insert the mystery 510 00:43:18,896 --> 00:43:24,895 of human feeling into a digital and electronic universe. 511 00:43:27,010 --> 00:43:30,908 But far away from Hollywood, in Thailand in the new millennium, 512 00:43:30,933 --> 00:43:35,807 Apichatpong Weerasethakul did something even more inventive. 513 00:43:36,628 --> 00:43:39,274 Look at this scene from Tropical Malady. 514 00:43:39,299 --> 00:43:43,991 A Thai soldier, Keng, and his farmer friend Dong. 515 00:43:44,016 --> 00:43:47,560 Two shy young men in Thailand, filmed in natural light, 516 00:43:47,586 --> 00:43:51,418 in long takes, in the languor of summer days. 517 00:44:06,946 --> 00:44:12,079 A backdrop so still that it looks almost painted. 518 00:44:16,244 --> 00:44:22,144 Then, about half way through the film, it seems to break down. 519 00:44:22,146 --> 00:44:26,535 There's black, and then the story starts again. 520 00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:28,455 This time we're in a forest. 521 00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:34,457 A soundtrack full of the night chorus of insects, frogs, and cicadas. 522 00:44:34,482 --> 00:44:37,877 This time soldier Ken is lit by moonlight. 523 00:44:37,902 --> 00:44:40,878 He sees a tree full of fireflies. 524 00:44:47,702 --> 00:44:50,456 It's like the Eiffel Tower lit up. 525 00:44:54,045 --> 00:44:58,640 We hear that his friend, Dong, has become a tiger. 526 00:44:58,643 --> 00:45:01,056 He must hunt him. 527 00:45:01,059 --> 00:45:08,067 Director Weerasethakul films the spirit of a water buffalo leaving its own body. 528 00:45:12,441 --> 00:45:15,357 Keng's breathless, agog. 529 00:45:15,383 --> 00:45:19,410 Seeing life and death and the gaia. 530 00:45:24,277 --> 00:45:27,454 The spirit takes him into the forest. 531 00:45:32,653 --> 00:45:36,070 Not only has the farmer been re-incarnated as a tiger, 532 00:45:36,095 --> 00:45:43,300 but the film seems to have been re-incarnated, 533 00:45:43,325 --> 00:45:50,118 from a naturalistic tale of friendship, to a mythic tale of hunter and hunted. 534 00:45:54,741 --> 00:46:00,392 Seldom in the whole history of cinema has such a bold story shift happened. 535 00:46:00,417 --> 00:46:04,074 The wild man, the gorilla. 536 00:46:08,056 --> 00:46:10,722 Our last examples of wildly inventive cinema 537 00:46:10,747 --> 00:46:15,223 in the new millennium come from this man, Alexander Sokurov. 538 00:46:16,732 --> 00:46:19,080 This is his film, Mother and Son. [Mat i syn] 539 00:46:19,082 --> 00:46:21,931 We're in a Russian cottage in the countryside. 540 00:46:21,933 --> 00:46:23,206 A mother's dying. 541 00:46:23,208 --> 00:46:26,360 Her son tends her. 542 00:46:26,363 --> 00:46:29,307 She's happy to die in her son's arms. 543 00:46:31,864 --> 00:46:34,949 The pearly light is in the trees outside. 544 00:46:34,951 --> 00:46:36,930 They whisper to each other. 545 00:46:36,933 --> 00:46:39,058 Utter peace. 546 00:46:49,040 --> 00:46:51,292 Sokurov explains his approach. 547 00:47:25,118 --> 00:47:27,604 Mother and Son is one of the defining movies 548 00:47:27,629 --> 00:47:30,732 in what would come to be called "slow cinema." 549 00:47:31,499 --> 00:47:38,284 Director Sokurov's imagery is as beautiful as his teachers, Andrei Tarkovsky's, 550 00:47:38,311 --> 00:47:40,955 but also derives from painting. 551 00:49:14,998 --> 00:49:19,360 And, in shots like this, Sokurov had the image stretched diagonally 552 00:49:19,386 --> 00:49:23,204 as if it was made of rubber, to change how we see it. 553 00:50:06,145 --> 00:50:11,275 Many critics felt that Mother and Son was one of the best films of its time. 554 00:50:23,490 --> 00:50:26,643 But then Sokurov made this film. 555 00:50:26,670 --> 00:50:29,394 Perhaps the most inventive ever made. 556 00:50:29,396 --> 00:50:33,049 The greatest gorilla in film history. 557 00:50:36,341 --> 00:50:39,214 We're in the Hermitage museum in St. Petersburg, 558 00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:41,032 at the end of the 19th century. 559 00:50:41,038 --> 00:50:44,417 These tsarist aristocrats have been partying all night 560 00:50:44,443 --> 00:50:48,566 and now they're flowing down the steps, like a river. 561 00:50:48,593 --> 00:50:50,381 But the revolution is coming. 562 00:50:50,410 --> 00:50:53,080 This will be the last of the great balls. 563 00:50:53,082 --> 00:50:56,069 Soon they will be dead. 564 00:52:13,825 --> 00:52:17,081 Sokurov saw the film as the single last breadth 565 00:52:17,106 --> 00:52:25,363 of this civilization and so, astonishingly, he filmed the whole movie in a single take. 566 00:52:25,388 --> 00:52:29,361 There hasn't been one cut in the whole film. 567 00:52:29,386 --> 00:52:38,443 This shot has travelled 1,300 meters, through 33 galleries, filming 867 people: 568 00:52:38,469 --> 00:52:45,736 Cavaliers, museum officials, spies, great balls, and portents of the horrors to come. 569 00:52:45,761 --> 00:52:47,954 Over 90 minutes. 570 00:52:48,643 --> 00:52:52,869 Sokurov and his team rehearsed for 6 months. 571 00:52:52,894 --> 00:52:58,950 Filming took place on 23rd December, when there are only 4 hours of daylight. 572 00:52:58,975 --> 00:53:01,766 This allowed for just two takes. 573 00:53:03,359 --> 00:53:07,173 Take one had to be abandoned after five minutes. 574 00:53:07,198 --> 00:53:11,691 Then take two, this one unfolds. 575 00:53:11,716 --> 00:53:15,640 Unbelievable tension. 576 00:53:15,666 --> 00:53:21,044 The steadicam so heavy that the operator almost buckles at the knees in pain. 577 00:53:26,273 --> 00:53:31,079 Here's documentary footage of the moment the filming finished. 578 00:53:58,344 --> 00:54:01,227 Their breath's show how freezing it was. 579 00:54:01,229 --> 00:54:06,349 The handheld camera captures the relief. 580 00:54:08,878 --> 00:54:15,787 Tears of joy that something entirely new in the story of film had taken place. 581 00:54:24,547 --> 00:54:26,962 TV cameras to capture this moment. 582 00:54:26,964 --> 00:54:29,713 The camera mills around with the people. 583 00:54:29,715 --> 00:54:34,279 Moved, tired, exhilarated. 584 00:55:10,211 --> 00:55:14,361 Sokurov is one of the most serious filmmakers of the 21st century 585 00:55:14,387 --> 00:55:17,126 and one of the most stylistically daring. 586 00:55:17,151 --> 00:55:21,124 He and the filmmakers like him suggest that the future of cinema 587 00:55:21,150 --> 00:55:23,548 is in provocative hands. 588 00:55:55,119 --> 00:55:57,721 If the history of film has been the story of innovation, 589 00:55:57,746 --> 00:56:04,913 of passion, of breaking the mold, 590 00:56:04,939 --> 00:56:06,443 what's its future? 591 00:56:07,420 --> 00:56:11,224 Maestro di Angeles, here in the Roman film studio, Cinecitta, 592 00:56:11,249 --> 00:56:14,979 made props for Fellini but long after he's gone, 593 00:56:15,004 --> 00:56:18,103 will people still be breaking the movie mold? 594 00:56:21,557 --> 00:56:23,579 Maybe in the year 2046, 595 00:56:23,604 --> 00:56:27,240 movie going will be like Christopher Nolan's film Inception. 596 00:56:27,265 --> 00:56:31,003 It's an innovative Sci-Fi film about layers of reality 597 00:56:31,028 --> 00:56:35,739 but maybe it's a metaphor, too, for what film going could become. 598 00:56:35,764 --> 00:56:38,583 Look at this scene. 599 00:56:46,622 --> 00:56:50,445 Leonardo DiCaprio and his friends wake up in a plane. 600 00:56:50,447 --> 00:56:53,195 They've just been dreaming together. 601 00:56:57,861 --> 00:56:59,537 The camera glides. 602 00:56:59,539 --> 00:57:01,013 Greens and blues. 603 00:57:01,015 --> 00:57:03,932 Atmospheric beds of music. 604 00:57:04,415 --> 00:57:05,810 They're groggy. 605 00:57:05,812 --> 00:57:10,249 Embarrassed almost at the intimacy of the dream they've just shared. 606 00:57:29,372 --> 00:57:34,027 They dreamt they were in this van, falling ultra-slowly off a bridge. 607 00:57:34,052 --> 00:57:36,676 Shot at maybe 1,000 frames per second. 608 00:57:36,701 --> 00:57:38,660 No natural sound. 609 00:57:40,629 --> 00:57:44,147 But in it, they dream a dream within a dream, 610 00:57:44,172 --> 00:57:47,919 in which they're in a hotel whose gravity is on the blink. 611 00:57:53,831 --> 00:57:56,019 It's color coded orange. 612 00:57:56,044 --> 00:57:57,662 The camera floats. 613 00:57:57,687 --> 00:58:00,738 The actors are on wires. 614 00:58:00,764 --> 00:58:05,088 And in that dream within a dream, they dream a fourth layer. 615 00:58:05,113 --> 00:58:08,845 They're in a James Bond style battle in a snow lodge. 616 00:58:18,449 --> 00:58:20,453 Now the camera's handheld. 617 00:58:20,479 --> 00:58:21,752 The action's edgy. 618 00:58:21,778 --> 00:58:22,777 The sound natural. 619 00:58:22,779 --> 00:58:26,533 The dominant color's white. 620 00:58:26,536 --> 00:58:29,721 They live and die together. 621 00:58:29,723 --> 00:58:33,914 Maybe this is what movie going is like in 2046. 622 00:58:33,916 --> 00:58:38,579 Playing a game of living and dying together. 623 00:58:38,581 --> 00:58:42,101 Plunging into an underwater YouTube. 624 00:58:42,103 --> 00:58:45,959 Or maybe something awful happens. 625 00:58:45,961 --> 00:58:50,591 Look at this scene in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. 626 00:58:50,593 --> 00:58:55,502 Former lovers Joel and Clementine are running through grand central station. 627 00:58:55,527 --> 00:59:00,526 People start to disappear because they are undergoing a brain washing process 628 00:59:00,551 --> 00:59:04,235 where their memories of their relationship are being removed. 629 00:59:06,877 --> 00:59:09,408 Then the brain washing becomes a nightmare. 630 00:59:09,433 --> 00:59:11,758 It's shot like a TV crime program. 631 00:59:11,783 --> 00:59:14,748 The camera's roving around, with a light on it. 632 00:59:14,773 --> 00:59:18,055 Their past, their stories, disappearing. 633 00:59:28,814 --> 00:59:31,238 She no longer has a face. 634 00:59:31,264 --> 00:59:33,398 You're erasing me from... 635 00:59:36,746 --> 00:59:37,935 I don't know. 636 00:59:38,550 --> 00:59:40,414 You got this thing. 637 00:59:40,416 --> 00:59:41,320 I'm in my bed. 638 00:59:41,322 --> 00:59:42,964 I know it. 639 00:59:42,966 --> 00:59:44,123 My brain! 640 00:59:44,148 --> 00:59:47,601 I'm part of your imagination too, Joel. 641 00:59:47,626 --> 00:59:50,557 How can I help you from there? 642 00:59:50,583 --> 00:59:51,661 I'm inside your head... 643 00:59:51,687 --> 00:59:55,095 The eyes on another face are upside down. 644 01:00:01,220 --> 01:00:03,897 What if the same happened to film? 645 01:00:05,779 --> 01:00:08,546 Maybe there'll be some digital or ideological storm 646 01:00:08,571 --> 01:00:11,066 and cinema will be wiped or banned. 647 01:00:27,200 --> 01:00:30,120 And it will be impossible to see it. 648 01:00:54,777 --> 01:00:58,210 Except in a hidden bunker or room like this 649 01:00:58,235 --> 01:01:02,325 where all its treasures are kept, in secret. 650 01:01:03,155 --> 01:01:06,114 If so, then those of us who loved the movies 651 01:01:06,139 --> 01:01:10,545 will have to remember them, talk about them, tell the story of them. 652 01:01:21,012 --> 01:01:23,530 Of the people who made them. 653 01:01:25,917 --> 01:01:29,167 The places where they were made. 654 01:01:38,359 --> 01:01:41,816 The objects that appeared in them. 655 01:01:56,574 --> 01:02:01,506 Even the places where the great filmmakers sat and thought. 656 01:02:25,698 --> 01:02:29,439 Or maybe movies will take up a bigger part in our lives. 657 01:02:32,910 --> 01:02:38,876 This is what the city of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso looked like in 2011. 658 01:02:38,883 --> 01:02:43,817 At the very center of the city is this huge monument to cinema. 659 01:02:44,653 --> 01:02:47,087 Maybe more cities will do this. 660 01:02:49,822 --> 01:02:53,545 Back in 2011, filmmakers from around the world 661 01:02:53,571 --> 01:02:57,536 gathered at this monument, held hands in the sweaty heat 662 01:02:57,562 --> 01:03:00,828 and walked around it three times, 663 01:03:00,854 --> 01:03:04,964 in tribute to the filmmakers who had died in the previous year. 664 01:03:10,656 --> 01:03:14,783 And, to the movies. 55036

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