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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:07,000 I, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 2 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:08,000 do solemnly swear... 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,000 Just over 100 years 4 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:14,000 after his family first set foot in the country, 5 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,000 John F. Kennedy becomes president 6 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,000 of the United States of America. 7 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:24,000 The Kennedys have achieved their dream. 8 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:27,000 But in his first year in the white house, 9 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,000 jfk learns 10 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,000 winning power is one thing, 11 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,000 wielding it is another. 12 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:40,000 Engulfed by violence at home 13 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,000 and conflict around the world, 14 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,000 he turns to those he trusts the most: 15 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:51,000 Family. 16 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,000 The day of the inauguration was very, very cold. 17 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:02,000 We were on the structure where all the press were, 18 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:03,000 freezing cold. 19 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,000 But it was a moment of great pride 20 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,000 for our family. 21 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:12,000 John Fitzgerald Kennedy 22 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,000 is making history: 23 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,000 He is about to be sworn in 24 00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,000 as america's youngest elected president. 25 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:24,000 Jfk arrived when he became president. 26 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,000 What a big satisfaction 27 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:29,000 and relief for the family. 28 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,000 We had this beautiful couple 29 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:33,000 in Jackie and Jack 30 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:36,000 that believed in trying new things, 31 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:38,000 seeing new worlds, 32 00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:40,000 and believing in the promise of america, 33 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,000 in a way that that had not been said 34 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,000 or thought of previously. 35 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,000 I, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 36 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:51,000 do solemnly swear 37 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,000 that I will faithfully execute 38 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:55,000 the office of president of the United States. 39 00:02:57,000 --> 00:02:58,000 For the family, 40 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:00,000 having a Kennedy in the white house, 41 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:05,000 it's the inauguration of their ambition. 42 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,000 Jack is cheered on by his family: 43 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,000 The president's brothers, 44 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:13,000 his sisters, 45 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,000 his mother, Rose, 46 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:16,000 his wife, Jackie, 47 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:21,000 and the patriarch himself, Joseph p. Kennedy. 48 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:23,000 Joe Kennedy, who had been 49 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:27,000 the behind-the-scenes strategist, architect, 50 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:32,000 stood up and doffed his top hat to Kennedy. 51 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,000 He's waving to his father. 52 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:36,000 And it was a great moment 53 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,000 that showed his paternal pride. 54 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,000 Let every nation know, 55 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:45,000 whether it wishes US well or ill, 56 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:50,000 that we shall pay any price 57 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:53,000 to assure the survival and the success of Liberty. 58 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,000 And so, my fellow Americans, 59 00:03:56,000 --> 00:04:00,000 ask not what your country can do for you, 60 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:03,000 ask what you can do for your country. 61 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:08,000 There was just a sense that 62 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,000 we could see a different world. 63 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:16,000 The torch has passed to the new generation, 64 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:18,000 who were focused on 65 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:19,000 what the future would bring. 66 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:24,000 Invitations to the inaugural celebrations 67 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:26,000 are the hottest tickets in town. 68 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:32,000 The stars come out in full force for jfk: 69 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,000 Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh, 70 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,000 gene Kelly, and frank Sinatra. 71 00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:41,000 One of the things that the Kennedys did well 72 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,000 was to bring Hollywood to Washington. 73 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:47,000 They understood performance. 74 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:49,000 They understood style. 75 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:51,000 The Kennedy administration was the rat pack '60s. 76 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,000 Jackie actually appeared 77 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,000 in a white gown that she had designed 78 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:00,000 to set her apart, 79 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:02,000 and it was a very tight sheath 80 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:03,000 in comparison to all these women 81 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:07,000 in these big skirted gowns. 82 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:10,000 Here comes Mrs. Joseph p. Kennedy, 83 00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:13,000 the mother of the president of the United States. 84 00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,000 On the road to the white house, 85 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:17,000 Rose Kennedy has campaigned tirelessly 86 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:19,000 to get her son elected. 87 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,000 It's important to keep in mind 88 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:29,000 that Rose Kennedy evidently had 89 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,000 dynastic ambitions for the family. 90 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:34,000 This is not just the story 91 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:36,000 of Joseph p. Kennedy, 92 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,000 prominent, pushing father. 93 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:41,000 This is a joint effort 94 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:44,000 on the part of both Joseph p. Kennedy and Rose. 95 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:57,000 Jack's brother Robert and wife Ethel 96 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:00,000 join in the family's triumph. 97 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,000 Bobby had been Jack's campaign manager, 98 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:04,000 and their father is adamant 99 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:05,000 he's handed an important role 100 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:07,000 in the new administration. 101 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,000 Joe Kennedy let Jack 102 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,000 choose his cabinet - 103 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:13,000 with one exception. 104 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:16,000 Joe insisted 105 00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:18,000 that the next Attorney General 106 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,000 be Robert Kennedy. 107 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,000 One cold December morning, 108 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,000 the president gets Bobby Kennedy 109 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000 up in his house in Georgetown 110 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,000 and tells him he's going to be appointing him 111 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:34,000 as Attorney General, 112 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:35,000 and he says, 113 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,000 "Bobby, grab your balls. Let's go." 114 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:42,000 Jfk stops at the door and says, 115 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:44,000 "hey, comb your hair." 116 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:50,000 Bobby, for most of his career 117 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:51,000 a senate investigator, 118 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,000 is announced to the world as the new head 119 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,000 of america's criminal justice system. 120 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,000 In looking for an Attorney General 121 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:06,000 who must lead the fight for law enforcement, 122 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:08,000 who must administer our laws 123 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:09,000 without favor 124 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,000 and with matchless integrity, 125 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:13,000 I have turned to a man 126 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,000 in whom I have found these qualities. 127 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:18,000 It was an act of outrageous, 128 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:20,000 brazen nepotism. 129 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:22,000 Bobby, who had never tried 130 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:24,000 a case in a court of law, 131 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,000 may have been, in American history, 132 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:29,000 the least prepared person to be Attorney General. 133 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,000 I am pleased to accept the position 134 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,000 of the attorney generalship 135 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,000 of the United States. 136 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:37,000 I understand and realize 137 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:39,000 the great problems and difficulties 138 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,000 that will be facing all of US 139 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:43,000 in that position. 140 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,000 What was really kind of stunning at the time? 141 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:49,000 Barely a peep of objection. 142 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:52,000 I mean, the press went completely along with it. 143 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:54,000 Bobby didn't want to be Attorney General. 144 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,000 Jack didn't want his brother to be Attorney General. 145 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,000 Nobody thought it was a good idea, 146 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:02,000 but Joe insisted. 147 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:08,000 Joe knew that Jack, 148 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,000 a newcomer to the presidency, 149 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:13,000 needed someone to watch his back, 150 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:16,000 someone to protect him. 151 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:18,000 He knew that the responsibilities 152 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,000 that were now going to be put on his son's shoulders 153 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:24,000 were absolutely enormous. 154 00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:35,000 The country is really 155 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:38,000 swept away by jfk and Jackie 156 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:40,000 in a way that the country has never been 157 00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:43,000 swept away before by anybody in office. 158 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:46,000 Jack is at the forefront, 159 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:48,000 and he brings with him 160 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,000 his beautiful wife 161 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,000 and his amazing family. 162 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:58,000 The Kennedys have two young children: 163 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,000 Three-year-old Caroline 164 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:02,000 and baby John junior. 165 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:09,000 No one could remember 166 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,000 seeing children in the white house. 167 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:13,000 There are suddenly playthings around, 168 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,000 there are animals, there are toys 169 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:17,000 strewn on the floor. 170 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:21,000 It's a beautiful and welcoming image. 171 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:26,000 If it's not presumptuous, 172 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,000 Mrs. Kennedy, what about your role 173 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:29,000 as a mother and a wife? 174 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,000 Yes, I think it doesn't matter what else you do 175 00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,000 if you don't do that part well, 176 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,000 if you fail your husband and your children. 177 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,000 That really is the role 178 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:41,000 which means the most to me. 179 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,000 She was gutsy! 180 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:45,000 I mean, she's really young. 181 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,000 What was she? Thirty-one or something? 182 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,000 I mean, so young. 183 00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:51,000 Has it been more difficult, though, honestly, 184 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,000 to fulfill this role? 185 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:55,000 Since we've been in the white house? 186 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:56,000 Yes, ma'am. 187 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,000 No. My husband loves a challenge, 188 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,000 and I do too. 189 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,000 He set me a good example, 190 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,000 so... 191 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,000 Let's hope it works out. 192 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:14,000 The president's sister eunice shriver 193 00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:17,000 approaches his door with some trepidation. 194 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:18,000 The Kennedy sisters 195 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:21,000 find themselves in a more formal relationship 196 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:22,000 with brother Jack. 197 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:24,000 The president autographs pictures 198 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,000 for his sisters 199 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,000 and their children. 200 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:30,000 Yeah. 201 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,000 But in signing autographs for the family, 202 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:37,000 the president finds it hard not to be presidential. 203 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,000 No! 204 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:52,000 Joe Kennedy - 205 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:56,000 the brains and money behind his son's campaign - 206 00:10:56,000 --> 00:11:00,000 retreats to the family homes in Florida and hyannis port. 207 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,000 Joe Kennedy knew 208 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,000 he had to be very careful 209 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,000 not to rain on his son's parade. 210 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:11,000 He decided very early on 211 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,000 that he was not gonna visit the white house, 212 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:17,000 he was not gonna appear in public with his son. 213 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:19,000 He didn't want anybody to think 214 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,000 that Jack Kennedy was not his own man. 215 00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:26,000 Jack knows that, traditionally, 216 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,000 American presidents are judged 217 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:31,000 by their first 100 days. 218 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:32,000 Jack Kennedy saw himself 219 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:34,000 as an historic figure. 220 00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:37,000 He saw himself as somebody who could lead the country 221 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:39,000 into a new golden age. 222 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:44,000 Now, it was a golden age tinged by shadow, 223 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:49,000 because 1961 was the height - or the depth - 224 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:50,000 of the cold war. 225 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,000 America and the Soviet union 226 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,000 are locked in a Titanic ideological struggle. 227 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:02,000 The US is terrified of the spread of communism 228 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,000 as it reaches the nation's back yard. 229 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:11,000 Cuba is under the control of the fiery revolutionary, 230 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,000 fidel Castro. 231 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,000 He was not only a communist and a marxist, 232 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:17,000 but he was going to align himself 233 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:18,000 with the Soviet union, 234 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:22,000 on an island 90 miles from the coast of Florida. 235 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,000 The moment Jack becomes president, 236 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:27,000 the CIA present him with their plan 237 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,000 to bring down the Cuban leader. 238 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:32,000 The bay of pigs was a plot that was hatched 239 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,000 during the eisenhower administration. 240 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,000 The idea was 241 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:39,000 to train some Cuban exiles 242 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:40,000 to invade Cuba 243 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:42,000 on the assumption that, on their arrival, 244 00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:45,000 there would be a popular uprising 245 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,000 and fidel Castro would be thrown out. 246 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,000 Kennedy was suspicious about 247 00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:53,000 the viability of this plan 248 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:55,000 and the wisdom of this plan 249 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,000 up until, essentially, the last moment. 250 00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:58,000 Reluctantly, 251 00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:01,000 Jack gives the go-ahead for the operation - 252 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:03,000 with one crucial condition. 253 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,000 He did not want it to be clear 254 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:07,000 that the United States was supporting this. 255 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:10,000 He wanted it to be a quiet invasion. 256 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,000 It turns out to be an unmitigated disaster. 257 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:18,000 Early morning hours, 258 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:20,000 Kennedy is pulled away 259 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:23,000 from a soir�e at the white house. 260 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:24,000 The president, in white tie, 261 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:26,000 at two o'clock in the morning, 262 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,000 is meeting with his generals. 263 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:34,000 The Cuban exiles were being attacked by tanks. 264 00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:40,000 They were going to be driven into the sea. 265 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:41,000 Back in Washington, 266 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,000 the US Navy and the deputy CIA director 267 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:48,000 are basically saying, "let US invade Cuba." 268 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,000 The CIA had the notion 269 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,000 president Kennedy would send in the marines, 270 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,000 he would come to the rescue. 271 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:55,000 But that's not what happens. 272 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:56,000 Kennedy says, 273 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,000 "this was supposed to be a covert operation 274 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:02,000 in which the US hand did not show. 275 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000 We are not going to invade Cuba 276 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,000 and attack Cuba ourselves 277 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:08,000 to salvage this operation." 278 00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:17,000 Over 100 Cuban exiles are killed 279 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,000 and more than 1,000 are taken prisoner. 280 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,000 In the end, the United States 281 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,000 is revealed to be completely behind 282 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,000 this invasion. 283 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:28,000 As Castro boasts to the world 284 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:30,000 about his victory, 285 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000 america is humiliated. 286 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:36,000 Kennedy was so overwrought 287 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:39,000 that he began to cry. 288 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000 Jackie had never 289 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:43,000 seen her husband 290 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,000 as distraught, as despondent, as depressed. 291 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000 He believed his presidency 292 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,000 was over before it had even started 293 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:52,000 because of this tragedy. 294 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:55,000 At one point, in the depths of his despair, 295 00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:58,000 he and Bobby were together, 296 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000 and Bobby said, "let's call dad. 297 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,000 Maybe he can cheer US up." 298 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,000 Joe Kennedy may not be in Washington, 299 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:10,000 but he remains a trusted advisor to his son. 300 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,000 If you look at the records 301 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,000 of Kennedy's calls 302 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,000 during the days of the bay of pigs fiasco, 303 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,000 you will see how many times he called his father. 304 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000 Joe Kennedy never, ever, ever trusted 305 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000 the intelligence services, 306 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,000 and he had warned Jack 307 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,000 about the CIA. 308 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,000 So the bay of pigs shook Kennedy's confidence 309 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,000 in his advisors. 310 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000 It even shook his confidence in himself. 311 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,000 But what it also did 312 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:42,000 was it strengthened his conviction 313 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,000 that he had to rely more 314 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,000 on those he trusted most: 315 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,000 The members of his family. 316 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,000 I believe that this nation 317 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000 should commit itself 318 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:10,000 to achieving the goal, 319 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,000 before this decade is out, 320 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:13,000 of landing a man on the moon 321 00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:16,000 and returning him safely to the earth. 322 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,000 It set our sights up high, 323 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:29,000 and when you look up, 324 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,000 you think of something 325 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:33,000 more than yourself. 326 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:36,000 It's just terrific. 327 00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:39,000 In may 1961, 328 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:40,000 jfk announces to the world 329 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,000 an extraordinarily ambitious project. 330 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000 Now it is time to take longer strides, 331 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,000 time for a great new American enterprise. 332 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,000 The Soviets have already 333 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000 put the first man into space, 334 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000 and after the bay of pigs fiasco, 335 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000 Jack cannot afford for america to be left behind. 336 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:00,000 The United States was engaged 337 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:02,000 in a space race with the Russians. 338 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000 We weren't trying to just beat the Soviets militarily. 339 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,000 We were trying to beat them to new frontiers. 340 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,000 This is the Kennedy 341 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:10,000 approach to life, 342 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:13,000 which is "win at all costs." 343 00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000 It is not good enough to come in second, 344 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:18,000 and that was what they were told by their father 345 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,000 from the time they were little children. 346 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:26,000 As Jack projects the superiority of his country 347 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,000 around the world, 348 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:29,000 back at home, 349 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,000 a desperate struggle for civil rights 350 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000 is tearing america apart. 351 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,000 If you are African American 352 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:38,000 in the United States in the '60s, 353 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:40,000 you're not living in a democracy, 354 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,000 you're living under an apartheid dictatorship 355 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,000 based on race. 356 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:50,000 We're still seeing intense violence. 357 00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:53,000 Lynching is still the reality. 358 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:55,000 If you were black, you couldn't vote, 359 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:56,000 you couldn't buy property, 360 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,000 you couldn't go certain places. 361 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:00,000 I said, "I'm sorry, our management 362 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:04,000 does not allow US to serve niggers in here." 363 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:07,000 While jfk is looking at the moon and the stars, 364 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,000 you see real hypocrisy and contradiction. 365 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:14,000 How can the United States be a democracy 366 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,000 if its citizens are 367 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000 killing, are hurting, 368 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000 are hospitalizing 369 00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:22,000 its other citizens? 370 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,000 But in the spring of 1961, 371 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,000 John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert 372 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000 didn't care that much about civil rights. 373 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:34,000 Jack and Bobby Kennedy grew up rich and privileged. 374 00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,000 They never saw any African Americans 375 00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:41,000 other than people who waited on tables. 376 00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,000 So they didn't get 377 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,000 the just terrible, terrible prejudice 378 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,000 of southern whites against blacks. 379 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,000 They were worried about Russia, 380 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:53,000 they were worried about the cold war, 381 00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:55,000 about the "big game", as they saw it. 382 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000 And they were afraid 383 00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:58,000 that the civil rights struggle would somehow 384 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,000 distract or deflect from 385 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:03,000 the main event. 386 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:07,000 Many are saying enough is enough. 387 00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:09,000 They want the president to take action 388 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:10,000 against the brutal oppression 389 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,000 that so many African Americans are forced to endure. 390 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:15,000 In the south, 391 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:18,000 blacks could not ride on the same buses, 392 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:21,000 or at least at the front of the bus, with whites. 393 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,000 So, in late may of 1961, 394 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,000 there were these young black and white students 395 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:31,000 who decided that they were going to integrate 396 00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:34,000 the interstate bus system in america. 397 00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,000 They called themselves the freedom riders. 398 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,000 They're going to challenge 399 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:39,000 segregation in the south 400 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,000 by riding through the most dangerous areas. 401 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:44,000 Passengers on one bus 402 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:47,000 were attacked at the bus station in Aniston. 403 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:50,000 Another bus halted outside town by a flat tire 404 00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:52,000 was set afire. 405 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:54,000 It puts the savagery 406 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:57,000 and it puts the brutality on television, 407 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,000 and it puts kind of this massive resistance 408 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:02,000 on display not just across the country, 409 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,000 but across the world. 410 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,000 And the governor of Alabama, John paterson, has said, 411 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,000 "citizens of the state are so enraged, 412 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:10,000 I cannot guarantee protection 413 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,000 for this bunch of rabble rousers." 414 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,000 The whole world is watching. 415 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,000 The violence could undermine 416 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:20,000 Kennedy's presidential authority. 417 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,000 Jfk says, 418 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,000 "get them off the buses. 419 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,000 Stop them from demonstrating." 420 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,000 Jack does not want to back the protestors. 421 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:32,000 Supporting civil rights would make him very unpopular 422 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:33,000 with southern democrats. 423 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:34,000 Let's not forget 424 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:38,000 the south is solidly Democratic. 425 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,000 They call them dixiecrats, but they were democrats. 426 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:44,000 So a big part of the power base for the Kennedys 427 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,000 rests in the south. 428 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,000 In a desperate attempt 429 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,000 to diffuse the situation, 430 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,000 Bobby makes a call. 431 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,000 Bobby tried to convince the freedom riders 432 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:54,000 that they should cool down for a bit 433 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,000 and just not embarrass the president. 434 00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:58,000 The wonderful response 435 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,000 of the young civil rights leaders is, 436 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,000 "we have been cooling off and slowing down for 50 years, 437 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:04,000 and we're going to keep going." 438 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:10,000 Civil rights leader 439 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,000 the reverend doctor Martin Luther King junior 440 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,000 arrives in Montgomery, Alabama, 441 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,000 to join the assembly. 442 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,000 The church is soon surrounded by an angry mob 443 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:22,000 of 3,000 southern whites. 444 00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:25,000 There's a risk they're going to burn the church down. 445 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,000 And king calls the Attorney General in Washington 446 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000 and says, "I need your help." 447 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,000 Hundreds of lives are in danger. 448 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:39,000 Bobby realizes he has to act. 449 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,000 On the issue of civil rights, there's no middle ground. 450 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:43,000 You're either for civil rights 451 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,000 or you're against civil rights. 452 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:47,000 The Attorney General couldn't very well 453 00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:49,000 let all these people die. 454 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,000 That would have been an immense tragedy. 455 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:54,000 Bobby knew that he had to protect them. 456 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,000 It was really a question of doing the right thing, 457 00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,000 politics be damned. 458 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:02,000 Bobby sends in a federal force 459 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:04,000 to protect the lives of Martin Luther King junior 460 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,000 and the freedom riders. 461 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:08,000 And this was Bobby's 462 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,000 real baptism, 463 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,000 in terms of what the civil rights movement 464 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,000 meant to him. 465 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000 Bobby Kennedy has to be educated. 466 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,000 He doesn't come to the civil rights struggle 467 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,000 with anything much different 468 00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:27,000 than any other wealthy white man of privilege would. 469 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:30,000 But after the freedom riders, 470 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,000 Bobby went from wanting to have nothing to do 471 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:33,000 with the civil rights movement 472 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:36,000 to feeling that he had to play a role. 473 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,000 I think we are just going to have to face up 474 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:39,000 to our responsibilities. 475 00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:43,000 I mean, this is 1961, it's not 1861, 476 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:47,000 and we're going to have to continue to make progress. 477 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,000 For Jack, the freedom riders' protest 478 00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:54,000 could not have come at a worse time. 479 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:57,000 All eyes are on him as he heads to Europe 480 00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000 and his first face-to-face summit 481 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:02,000 with the leader of the Soviet union. 482 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:05,000 John Kennedy wanted to show the world 483 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,000 that he was a statesman, 484 00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,000 but Kennedy was walking into an ambush, 485 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:11,000 and he had no idea. 486 00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:20,000 I returned this morning 487 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,000 from a week-long trip to Europe, 488 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:27,000 and I want to report to you on that trip in full. 489 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,000 It was, in every sense, 490 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:32,000 an unforgettable experience. 491 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:35,000 The Kennedys' first international tour 492 00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:37,000 is their chance to present themselves 493 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:38,000 on the world stage. 494 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,000 In Paris, however, 495 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:43,000 Jack Kennedy is not the main attraction. 496 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,000 That really was the moment 497 00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,000 when Jackie Kennedy became a genuine star. 498 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,000 Because she was so beautiful 499 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,000 and because she was so young and effervescent, 500 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,000 the primary interest for the French media 501 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:01,000 was Jacqueline Kennedy. 502 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:03,000 She was so cultured, 503 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,000 and spoke fluent French to crusty old Charles de gaulle, 504 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,000 and yet you can see him just melting. 505 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,000 Thousands of people 506 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:13,000 lined the streets to see Jackie. 507 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:16,000 She was the first really glamorous American first lady 508 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:19,000 they had ever seen. 509 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,000 She wore American couture 510 00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:22,000 in the United States, 511 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:26,000 but when in Paris, givenchy. 512 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,000 She just knew how to present herself, 513 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,000 to make the most of 514 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,000 her personality, her beauty, her fashion. 515 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:36,000 We had never seen a first lady 516 00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,000 in the TV age 517 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:40,000 become the story herself. 518 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,000 She made an enormous impact, 519 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,000 and Jack recognized 520 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,000 that this was greatly to his advantage. 521 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:51,000 I do not think it 522 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,000 altogether inappropriate 523 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,000 to introduce myself to this audience. 524 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,000 I am the man who accompanied 525 00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:00,000 Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris, 526 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,000 and I have enjoyed it. 527 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:08,000 Paris is a triumph for the Kennedys, 528 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:09,000 but their next stop, Vienna, 529 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:13,000 is the real test for the young president. 530 00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:14,000 For the first time, 531 00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,000 he meets with the leader of the Soviet union, 532 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 nikita khrushchev. 533 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:22,000 The world is nervous about nuclear war in 1961, 534 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,000 and they welcome a summit meeting 535 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:27,000 between the head of the Soviet union, khrushchev, 536 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,000 and president Kennedy. 537 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:32,000 What Kennedy wanted to do 538 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:34,000 was to show the world, 539 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:37,000 "I can find common language with this man. 540 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,000 We can do business." 541 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:42,000 At historic schonbrunn palace, 542 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,000 a state dinner brings Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy 543 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,000 and Mr. and Mrs. Khrushchev together. 544 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,000 During two days of talks, 545 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:51,000 Jack launches a charm offensive, 546 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:54,000 spearheaded by the first lady. 547 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,000 They had a lovely banquet. 548 00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:58,000 Khrushchev sat next to Jackie, 549 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,000 and she did what she could to charm him. 550 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,000 Mr. Khrushchev visibly enjoyed the evening 551 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:05,000 with the glamorous American first lady, 552 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:07,000 and even insisted on shaking her hand 553 00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:10,000 before her husband's. 554 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:11,000 There's another Kennedy 555 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,000 dining with the khrushchevs that night: 556 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,000 Jack's mother, Rose. 557 00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:18,000 John F. Kennedy did not want his mother to go. 558 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,000 He didn't want a huge family delegation 559 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:25,000 going with him to Europe, but his mom insisted. 560 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:28,000 His mother loved the limelight. 561 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,000 She was interested in power and she liked 562 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,000 being around people with power. 563 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:36,000 Away from the banquets and the cameras, 564 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:39,000 Jack has a serious mission in Vienna. 565 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,000 Both sides have enough missiles 566 00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:44,000 to destroy the entire world, 567 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,000 so Kennedy intends to make a deal 568 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:49,000 on nuclear disarmament with khrushchev. 569 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,000 John Kennedy was deeply concerned 570 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,000 about nuclear danger, 571 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,000 that the cold war could spiral out of control. 572 00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:58,000 Since the bay of pigs, 573 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:00,000 Jack no longer has full confidence 574 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,000 in his own advisors. 575 00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:04,000 The Kennedys always liked to operate 576 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:05,000 on more than one track. 577 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:08,000 They always liked to do things privately 578 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:09,000 through the family. 579 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:12,000 And Jack always used Bobby 580 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:14,000 as a secret messenger 581 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,000 to his friends and to his foes. 582 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,000 In Washington, Bobby has gone so far 583 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:25,000 as to hold secret meetings with a Russian spy 584 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:26,000 to open a back channel 585 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:29,000 between the president and khrushchev. 586 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:31,000 It was really something quite extraordinary. 587 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,000 Things like that had probably never gone on before. 588 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:37,000 Kennedy had taken risks 589 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:40,000 by having Bobby set up this back channel, 590 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:42,000 and he was hopeful 591 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,000 that the Soviets would respond. 592 00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:47,000 Bobby, through the Russian spy, 593 00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:48,000 had been led to believe 594 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,000 that khrushchev was ready to talk about nuclear arms. 595 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:54,000 As it turned out, he wasn't the least bit interested. 596 00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:59,000 Khrushchev has only one agenda: 597 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,000 Berlin. 598 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:02,000 Divided by the Russians and the west 599 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:03,000 after world war ii, 600 00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:06,000 people are flooding through Soviet-controlled east Berlin 601 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:08,000 to escape communism. 602 00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:11,000 It's a major source of embarrassment for khrushchev. 603 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,000 People are fleeing the eastern part 604 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:15,000 into the west, 605 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,000 and khrushchev wants to stop 606 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,000 that flood of refugees. 607 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,000 In Vienna, 608 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:23,000 they went off into their meeting, 609 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:27,000 which was five hours long and a complete disaster. 610 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,000 The Soviet leader makes an impossible demand: 611 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:35,000 He wants Kennedy to surrender the western sector of Berlin. 612 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,000 Khrushchev just bullies Kennedy. 613 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,000 There was nothing Kennedy could say to him 614 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,000 except "I give up on west Berlin" 615 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,000 that would have made khrushchev happy. 616 00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:47,000 Khrushchev was determined 617 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,000 to put Kennedy's feet to the fire. 618 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:52,000 Despite his best efforts, 619 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,000 Jack is humiliated. 620 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:58,000 He leaves the summit having achieved nothing. 621 00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:01,000 Kennedy's first meetings with journalists after Vienna, 622 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:03,000 there's no spin. 623 00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:05,000 He was dejected. He didn't hide it. 624 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,000 I will tell you now that it was 625 00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:09,000 a very sober two days. 626 00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:11,000 No spectacular progress 627 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,000 was either achieved or pretended. 628 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:17,000 And two months later, 629 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:20,000 khrushchev built the Berlin wall, 630 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:23,000 sealed off east Berlin 631 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:24,000 from west Berlin. 632 00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:26,000 And Kennedy did nothing. 633 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:29,000 Khrushchev goes one step further. 634 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,000 Testing even more powerful nuclear weapons, 635 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:35,000 he shatters Kennedy's hopes 636 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,000 of slowing down the arms race. 637 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:41,000 Kennedy learned the Soviets 638 00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,000 were not as committed as he was 639 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:44,000 to avoiding war 640 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:47,000 and that the world was in a very dangerous place. 641 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:08,000 President Kennedy's dream of negotiating peace 642 00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:09,000 has been destroyed. 643 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:12,000 He retreats to the family compound. 644 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,000 Hyannis port was 645 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,000 sanctuary for the Kennedys. 646 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:18,000 It was a safe haven. 647 00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:19,000 I mean, despite everything that was going on, 648 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:21,000 when they got together at the compound, 649 00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:23,000 all of that was forgotten. 650 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,000 Jack finds solace 651 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,000 in his ever-growing extended family. 652 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:33,000 In addition to his own children, 653 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,000 John junior and Caroline, 654 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:37,000 his brothers and sisters 655 00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:40,000 have 17 children between them. 656 00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:42,000 The excitement 657 00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:44,000 when the helicopter landed, 658 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:47,000 and then they would take US for a ride on the golf cart 659 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:49,000 with all the cousins. 660 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,000 There were games, and there was sailing, 661 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:56,000 and there were parties every night. 662 00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,000 There was always something going on. 663 00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:02,000 I think it's those moments 664 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:05,000 that really kept them sane 665 00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:07,000 and focused 666 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:08,000 on who they were 667 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:11,000 and what their mission was - 668 00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,000 especially their political goals, 669 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,000 because a lot of politics talk 670 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,000 was going on there. 671 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,000 It was the center of all power. 672 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:23,000 The Kennedys may have power, 673 00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:26,000 but Jack is frustrated by how difficult it is 674 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,000 to achieve real progress. 675 00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:31,000 He needs his brother now more than ever. 676 00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:34,000 Bobby became his chief law enforcement guy. 677 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,000 He became his chief foreign policy adviser. 678 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,000 He became his chief political aid. 679 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:41,000 And he became the closest thing 680 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,000 that we have and we will ever see 681 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,000 to a co-president. 682 00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000 It seems amazing to this day 683 00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000 to have these two brothers 684 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,000 who were basically running the country together. 685 00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,000 There's one battle that Bobby Kennedy 686 00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,000 is determined to fight on his own: 687 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,000 Taking on the mafia. 688 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:05,000 The mafia was really 689 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:06,000 huge in this country, 690 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:07,000 and there was a stronghold 691 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:10,000 of mobster influence on politics, 692 00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:13,000 and on entertainment, and on government. 693 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:15,000 They were very powerful, 694 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:17,000 they were politically connected, 695 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,000 and when you investigated them, 696 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:20,000 who would you run into? 697 00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,000 You'd run into an elected official. 698 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,000 This is Robert pierpoint, 699 00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,000 and that building across the street there 700 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:29,000 is the US department of justice. 701 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,000 Since the 1950s, 702 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:34,000 Bobby has been rooting out corruption 703 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,000 in the mob-infiltrated labor unions. 704 00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:40,000 The Attorney General seldom leaves the office 705 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:42,000 before eight o'clock at night. 706 00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:43,000 As Attorney General, 707 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:45,000 he's determined to wage the biggest war 708 00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,000 on the mafia in america's history. 709 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,000 We need now more than talk. 710 00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,000 We need action. 711 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:55,000 Bobby Kennedy had this single adjective 712 00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:56,000 stick with him more than anything else, 713 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,000 and it was the word "ruthless". 714 00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:01,000 And Bobby learned, to Joe's great delight, 715 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,000 how to a be a tough guy from papa Joe. 716 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,000 You have a reputation 717 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:07,000 for toughness, for being a fighter. 718 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,000 We have heard that your father, for instance, 719 00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:12,000 fostered a kind of spirit of competition in the family. 720 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,000 I think so, as we were growing up. 721 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:16,000 I think in any family where there's a lot of children, 722 00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,000 you're always fighting with one another 723 00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:21,000 or competing with one another. 724 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,000 Joe believes making such dangerous enemies 725 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,000 could ruin the Kennedy presidency. 726 00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,000 He said, "democrats don't go after labor leaders, 727 00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,000 no matter how corrupt they might be. 728 00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:37,000 Not only will you destroy your future," he said, 729 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,000 "but you'll destroy your brother's future." 730 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,000 Bobby was a stern moralist 731 00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:43,000 and a tough guy, 732 00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:46,000 and there was also a kind of a rebellious streak in him. 733 00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,000 He was willing to defy parental authority 734 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,000 to go after the mob. 735 00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:52,000 This was personal. 736 00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:55,000 He felt these people were animals, 737 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:58,000 and he wanted personally to destroy them. 738 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:03,000 There's one mobster in particular 739 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:07,000 whom Bobby is obsessed with bringing to justice. 740 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:11,000 Sam "momo" giancana is the boss of Chicago, 741 00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:13,000 but probably the most powerful mafia boss 742 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,000 in the United States. 743 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:16,000 He was vicious. 744 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:18,000 He liked to kill people for sport. 745 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:20,000 He was exactly the sort of villain 746 00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:23,000 that Bobby Kennedy would want to take on. 747 00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:26,000 When Bobby took on momo giancana 748 00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,000 in a senate hearing in the 1950s, 749 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:30,000 the fat was in the fire. 750 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:34,000 That was a confrontation that was never going to go away. 751 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:37,000 So the FBI detail in Chicago 752 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,000 begins harassing Sam giancana 753 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,000 and his top lieutenants. 754 00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,000 They follow giancana everywhere, 755 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:45,000 wiretapping his girlfriends, 756 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:47,000 even on to the golf course. 757 00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:48,000 Were we afraid? 758 00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,000 No. As a matter of fact, 759 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,000 we were pushed very hard by Robert Kennedy 760 00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:56,000 to do everything we could. 761 00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:58,000 He was a great guy if you were his friend. 762 00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:00,000 I would not have wanted to be his enemy. 763 00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,000 Bobby's investigations 764 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:07,000 may be hitting too close to home. 765 00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:10,000 This guy was well known to Joe Kennedy. 766 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,000 And he was a co-investor 767 00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:15,000 in a large casino. 768 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,000 He and Joe Kennedy had bought condos 769 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,000 in the hotel vicinity. 770 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:21,000 Wiretapped by the FBI, 771 00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:24,000 giancana makes a shocking allegation 772 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,000 about Joe Kennedy. 773 00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,000 On the FBI tapes, 774 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:29,000 you can hear giancana bragging 775 00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,000 that he has a deal with Joe Kennedy, 776 00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:34,000 with the patriarch. 777 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:37,000 Giancana thinks that he helped jfk get elected 778 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,000 by arranging for him to get some votes in Chicago. 779 00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:43,000 Is this the sins of the father coming home to roost? 780 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:46,000 There's absolutely no independent evidence 781 00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:48,000 that anything like that ever happened. 782 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:52,000 I think they're mobsters, gangsters talking. 783 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:55,000 I don't think there's any truth to it. 784 00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:56,000 The truth is 785 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:59,000 the Kennedys did not need giancana to win Chicago, 786 00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:01,000 but nonetheless, giancana thinks 787 00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:03,000 that he's been helping the Kennedys, 788 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:05,000 and so he feels betrayed 789 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,000 when the Kennedys turn against him. 790 00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:10,000 Giancana felt double-crossed 791 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:15,000 and was threatening murder and revenge. 792 00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,000 But there's a greater danger 793 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,000 than the mob or the perils of the cold war 794 00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:24,000 that will threaten the Kennedy dynasty. 795 00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:26,000 They've had tragedy in their lives, 796 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:30,000 but this feels different. 797 00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:32,000 It's going to change everything. 798 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,000 Joseph Kennedy, 799 00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:44,000 while he had left the stage, 800 00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:46,000 was very much a leader. 801 00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:49,000 He was a source of advice, of strategy, 802 00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:51,000 and he was a sounding board. 803 00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:55,000 He was an essential support 804 00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,000 for Jack Kennedy, 805 00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,000 who spoke to him a lot on the phone, 806 00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:02,000 who Jack could call at two in the morning. 807 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:06,000 He was really always there for him. 808 00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,000 And in December of 1961, 809 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:10,000 all of that disappeared. 810 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:14,000 Joe is at the family vacation home 811 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,000 in palm beach. 812 00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:20,000 Joe Kennedy goes out to play golf. 813 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:23,000 He loved nothing better than to play golf. 814 00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,000 He was pretty good, 815 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,000 especially when money was on the line. 816 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:30,000 And on the eighth hole, 817 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,000 he began to feel faint. 818 00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,000 He said, "please take me home." 819 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,000 And he goes back to the house. 820 00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:41,000 Jackie is there. 821 00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:45,000 He said, "I... I just need a rest." 822 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:49,000 "Don't call any doctors." 823 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:51,000 Those were his last words. 824 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,000 He then went into his room 825 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,000 and he suffered a massive stroke. 826 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:00,000 Joseph is taken to the hospital. 827 00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,000 Immediately, he is put on the critical list. 828 00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:03,000 He's in real bad shape. 829 00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:05,000 He's even given last rites 830 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:08,000 because they think that he might pass away. 831 00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:10,000 For Jackie to be the one 832 00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:13,000 to tell Jack that this has happened, 833 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:15,000 it's devastating. 834 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:18,000 Jack, Bobby, and their sister Jean 835 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,000 fly from Washington 836 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,000 to be at their father's side. 837 00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:24,000 They all rush to be with him in the hospital, 838 00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:27,000 and everybody is... 839 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:29,000 In a panic. 840 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:33,000 Joe might not live. 841 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:38,000 Joe's doctors don't think they can save him, 842 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:40,000 but Bobby refuses to let them 843 00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:44,000 turn off his father's life support. 844 00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:45,000 Bobby, I think partly 845 00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:47,000 as a matter of adoring his father 846 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:50,000 and partly as a matter of his catholic faith, 847 00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:52,000 was not about to do anything 848 00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,000 that was going to end his father's life. 849 00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,000 Joseph Kennedy survives, 850 00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,000 but the stroke takes a terrible toll. 851 00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:07,000 It was awful, because he was such a vital force. 852 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,000 We would play with him in hyannis port, 853 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,000 where we'd, you know, walk on the beach or go swimming. 854 00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:15,000 So when he had a stroke, it was... 855 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,000 It was shocking. 856 00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:19,000 His face was disfigured. 857 00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:21,000 One side of his body 858 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,000 was useless. 859 00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:26,000 But worst of all, 860 00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:30,000 he lost the power of speech. 861 00:39:33,000 --> 00:39:37,000 This man who never stopped talking, 862 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:40,000 who was fabulously eloquent, 863 00:39:40,000 --> 00:39:44,000 who could walk into any room with anybody 864 00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:48,000 and command the attention 865 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:49,000 of the crowd 866 00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,000 lost his voice, 867 00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:54,000 lost his words, 868 00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:56,000 lost language. 869 00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:11,000 There was always a sense 870 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:14,000 that, as long as Joseph is at the helm, 871 00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:17,000 things are going to work out. 872 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:19,000 Joe is the architect 873 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:21,000 of everything, 874 00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:24,000 and for him to be sidelined 875 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:27,000 when they're finally there 876 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:30,000 is such a tragedy. 877 00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:32,000 And for that to come 878 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,000 at the end of a mean year, 879 00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,000 that was a terrible way for John F. Kennedy 880 00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:40,000 to end 1961. 881 00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:46,000 As Jack and Jackie pose for the cameras, 882 00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:50,000 the mood in the white house is anything but festive. 883 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,000 We know exactly what president Kennedy 884 00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:55,000 was thinking at the end of his first year 885 00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:57,000 when he was approached by an author 886 00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:59,000 who said, "I'm going to be writing a book 887 00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,000 on the first year of your presidency." 888 00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:02,000 The president's response was, 889 00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,000 "why would anyone want to read a book 890 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:06,000 about this first year?" 891 00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,000 In 1961, 892 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:10,000 the Kennedys came into the white house 893 00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:13,000 cocky, confident, 894 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:15,000 bright. 895 00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:18,000 By the end of 1961, they're chastened. 896 00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:22,000 They've been bullied by khrushchev, 897 00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:24,000 they've been humiliated by Castro. 898 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:27,000 The mob is angry at them and threatening. 899 00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:31,000 They've made a lot more enemies than friends, 900 00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:33,000 and some of those enemies are truly dangerous. 901 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:38,000 Next on American dynasties: 902 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:40,000 The Kennedys... 903 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:42,000 Jackie smiled for the camera, 904 00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:44,000 but there was sadness behind that smile. 905 00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:47,000 He had a reckless streak. 906 00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:51,000 Sinatra goes absolutely berserk 907 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,000 and just starts destroying things. 908 00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:55,000 Aggressive conduct 909 00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:57,000 ultimately leads to war. 910 00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000 She said, "I'd rather die with you 911 00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:01,000 than live without you." 64761

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