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The monsoon.
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(thunder)
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The greatest weather system on earth.
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(thunder)
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Giver of life and the destroyer...
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...From the himalaya
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To australia.
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Shaping magical lands.
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Its impact felt by giants.
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The exquisite...
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And the bizarre.
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Where spectacular nature meets the colors of many cultures.
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♪ ♪
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Our journey takes us into the tropical heart of the monsoon.
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A place of remote islands.
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Where the monsoon collides withthe fires of the underworld.
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(rumbling)
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Creating homes for some of the most spectacular and peculiar
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Species on the planet.
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(chirping)
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♪ ♪
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(thunder)
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(thunder)
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Sulawesi, a lush island straddling the equator.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Deep in the forest there's a new arrival.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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He's a crested black macaque.
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And he's growing up in an unusual family.
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Crested black macaques
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Like to live in extraordinarily large groups.
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At times there are more than 100 in just one group.
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But what sets them apart is their character.
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Something that's intimately connected to their home.
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♪ ♪
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Crested black macaques live in northern sulawesi,
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In rich forests
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Sitting directly in the path of the monsoon.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Torrential rains batter the forest for months on end.
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♪ ♪
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(screech)
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But it's thanks to these monsoon rains
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That this baby will develop certain behaviors.
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Behaviors that, more so than with other kinds of monkeys,
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We might recognize in ourselves.
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But first, the youngsters have a lot to learn.
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(squeaking)
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Starting with the monkey basics,
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Like perfecting their climbing techniques.
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(squeaking)
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But most important for the crested black macaque
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Is to learn their code of etiquette.
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Lip smacking is a request for a hug,
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Showing a desire to be friends.
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(bark)
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Blowing kisses and sharing cuddles
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Is not only reserved for close family.
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Anyone in the troop can join in.
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They are among the most affectionate monkeys
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On the planet.
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With the coming of each monsoon the forest presents a banquet.
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Over 100 varieties of fruit.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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There's more than enough to go around.
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So much that they don't need to fight over it.
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Instead, they put their energy into the good things in life,
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Like friendships and exploring their forest home.
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A discovery draws them all close.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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A tiny casualty on the forest floor.
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♪ ♪
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Sometimes their sensitive behavior
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Can seem touchingly human.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The monkeys' character is a result of the riches
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That the monsoon brings;
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Life with abundant food.
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But in these islands,
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The effects of this great weather system
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Are not always so benevolent.
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Like a giant letter k,
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Sulawesi sits at the epicenter of the monsoon region.
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Lying southeast is australia,
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And far to the northwest is continental asia.
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For much of the year,
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It seems that sulawesi is swamped in cloud,
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But there is an annual rhythm.
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From December, moist winds blow from asia
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Bringing very heavy rains from the north.
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Then, from June, they blow from australia,
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Bringing more rains from the south.
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Most islands between the two continents get monsoon rain
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Not just once, but twice a year.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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It's November.
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The monsoon winds are about to change again.
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It's a race against time
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For another of sulawesi's unique residents.
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(warbling)
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A maleo.
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(warbling)
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(clucking)
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Normally, they're creatures of the forest.
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But once a year they hit the beach.
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It's breeding season.
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But instead of spending all that time sitting on a nest,
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Maleos use solar power...
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...Burying the eggs in sand warmed by the sun.
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That means eggs can be laid only between monsoons.
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And there's not much time left.
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One couple has secured a prime spot,
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Away from the water and safe from the coming storms.
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♪ ♪
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But two late arrivals spell trouble.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The early birds have to dig fast.
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Their new neighbors make the job twice as hard.
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(chirp)
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♪ ♪
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It's frustrating work.
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(warbling)
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♪ ♪
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At last, the hole is deep enough for her to lay eggs.
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The maleo's egg is five times larger than a hen's.
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It must provide enough energy for the chick to grow quickly,
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Fight to the surface, and survive the oncoming monsoon.
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Job done.
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(thunder)
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But is it too late?
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As the monsoon clouds arrive, beach temperatures plummet.
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The latecomers may have lost the race against time here.
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(clucking)
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But sulawesi's maleos don't rely on solar power alone.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Deep in the forest, the ground stirs.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Hatched from an egg buried three feet deep.
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A maleo chick.
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His parents have an ingenious way to beat the monsoon.
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(bubbling)
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They've discovered underfloor heating.
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(bubbling)
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Sulawesi is pocked with hot springs.
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Water superheated by several hundred degrees
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Rises up from deep fissures in the earth.
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The island, and hundreds of its neighbors,
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Sit above great cracks in the earth's mantle.
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And the consequences are explosive.
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(rumbling)
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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It's part of what is known as the ring of fire.
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Five tectonic plates shifting below the sea
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In continual collision,
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Creating island after volcanic island.
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♪ ♪
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All pushed up directly into the path of the monsoon.
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♪ ♪
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When the monsoon winds collidewith a large volcanic mountain,
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Moist air is forced upward, forming immense clouds.
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And the result,
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Arriving in great deluges is even more rain.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Java. At its heart lies a mysterious and deadly place.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Every morning fog drenches the land.
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But when the intense sun burns it off,
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It reveals no rain forest.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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This is the sand sea.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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And once a year, pilgrims risk their lives to come here.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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Sarina and her family are tengger people,
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Descendants of a great hindu empire
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That once stretched from sumatra to new guinea.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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(horse neighs)
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Now their traditional culture survives
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Only around the edges of the sand sea.
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(bells ringing, drums playing)
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(bells ringing, drums playing)
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Today they are gathering for a time-honored ritual
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Observed for more than six centuries.
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(bells ringing)
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It's a ritual that for some in the past proved fatal.
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♪ ♪
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But sarina's family,like most tengger, are farmers.
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They believe the success of their next harvest
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Hangs on this day.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The climb is steep and treacherous.
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As many as 3,000 people will ascend the narrow rim.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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This is what sarina's family have come to honor.
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Mount bromo, a huge and still very active volcano.
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Bromo belches rocks and sulfurous gas daily.
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It could erupt at any time.
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The tengger risk all to bring sacrifices for a volcano god.
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(reciting prayer
in native language)
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(reciting prayer
in native language)
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Legend has it that once these sacrifices were human.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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But these sacrifices aren't made out of fear...
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(squawk)
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...They're made in gratitude for a rich harvest.
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(shouting)
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Though not much makes it into the volcano god's belly.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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For those who dare enter the mouth of the volcano,
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Anything caught is said to be a blessing.
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The catchers risk their lives.
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The angle of the slope is up to 80 degrees.
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♪ ♪
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One slip, and the sacrifice might be human after all.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The chicken escapes the fire,
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But not the frying pan.
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(bird shrieks)
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The tengger are deadly serious
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About thanking their volcano god,
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And they have good reason.
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With the gifts of nutrient-rich ash and cinder,
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The desert can bloom.
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The island of borneo.
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Home to the oldest rain forests on earth.
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And yet they seem strangely empty.
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Mammals are seldom seen.
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Their calls rarely heard.
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♪ ♪
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What life is found is secretive
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And often quite odd.
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A giant red leech.
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And it's hungry.
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Without mammals to provide a meal,
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This forest is like a desert for a bloodsucker.
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But the leech has risen to the challenge with deadly effect.
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The heavy rains triggerthe emergence of another giant.
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A bornean blue earthworm, two feet long.
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♪ ♪
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It follows an irresistible chemical trail to find a mate.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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But leaving trails in this forest is dangerous.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The leech has an extremely sensitive mouth.
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♪ ♪
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It tastes its way towards its prey.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
283
00:21:47,874 --> 00:21:54,645
♪ ♪
284
00:21:54,747 --> 00:22:01,686
♪ ♪
285
00:22:01,788 --> 00:22:08,626
♪ ♪
286
00:22:08,728 --> 00:22:10,928
Feeling up and down the worm's body,
287
00:22:11,030 --> 00:22:12,930
It searches for an end.
288
00:22:13,032 --> 00:22:19,870
♪ ♪
289
00:22:19,972 --> 00:22:22,540
Then it starts to suck.
290
00:22:22,642 --> 00:22:28,746
♪ ♪
291
00:22:28,848 --> 00:22:35,252
♪ ♪
292
00:22:35,355 --> 00:22:39,357
The worm fights back, but there is no escape.
293
00:22:39,459 --> 00:22:45,596
♪ ♪
294
00:22:45,698 --> 00:22:48,632
The leech sucks its prey down like spaghetti,
295
00:22:48,735 --> 00:22:51,769
Crushing the worm with its muscular throat.
296
00:22:51,871 --> 00:22:55,206
♪ ♪
297
00:22:55,308 --> 00:23:01,712
♪ ♪
298
00:23:01,814 --> 00:23:08,018
♪ ♪
299
00:23:08,121 --> 00:23:14,992
♪ ♪
300
00:23:15,094 --> 00:23:21,932
♪ ♪
301
00:23:22,034 --> 00:23:28,906
♪ ♪
302
00:23:34,781 --> 00:23:38,983
It will be a whole month beforethis leech needs to hunt again.
303
00:23:45,658 --> 00:23:49,427
On borneo there are no live volcanoes,
304
00:23:49,529 --> 00:23:52,630
So no regular deposits of mineral-rich ash
305
00:23:52,732 --> 00:23:54,698
To feed the land.
306
00:23:56,702 --> 00:24:01,372
What there is in abundance is rain.
307
00:24:01,474 --> 00:24:07,378
♪ ♪
308
00:24:07,480 --> 00:24:13,417
♪ ♪
309
00:24:13,519 --> 00:24:16,654
(thunder)
310
00:24:22,595 --> 00:24:27,865
Monsoons have drenched this land for 130 million years,
311
00:24:27,967 --> 00:24:31,035
Continually flushing away nutrients.
312
00:24:34,841 --> 00:24:37,975
Without volcanic ash to replenish the goodness,
313
00:24:38,077 --> 00:24:39,310
The monsoon has rendered
314
00:24:39,412 --> 00:24:42,913
Borneo's ancient soils infertile.
315
00:24:45,184 --> 00:24:46,383
Yet, somehow,
316
00:24:46,486 --> 00:24:50,354
The world's tallest rain forest trees grow here.
317
00:24:53,926 --> 00:24:59,430
At first glance, the tall treessuggest abundance.
318
00:24:59,499 --> 00:25:02,099
But this is an illusion.
319
00:25:04,237 --> 00:25:06,871
They've simply evolved to become super-efficient
320
00:25:06,973 --> 00:25:10,975
At gathering miniscule, trace amounts of nutrients,
321
00:25:11,077 --> 00:25:14,111
Before the monsoon can wash them away.
322
00:25:14,213 --> 00:25:16,547
♪ ♪
323
00:25:16,649 --> 00:25:23,187
♪ ♪
324
00:25:23,289 --> 00:25:26,557
Like being locked up in a giant fortress,
325
00:25:26,659 --> 00:25:30,027
The hard-won gains can't escape.
326
00:25:30,129 --> 00:25:31,428
♪ ♪
327
00:25:31,531 --> 00:25:38,068
♪ ♪
328
00:25:49,782 --> 00:25:51,282
On the island of borneo,
329
00:25:51,384 --> 00:25:55,219
A nephila spider joins the monsoon banquet.
330
00:25:55,321 --> 00:25:57,655
♪ ♪
331
00:25:57,757 --> 00:26:02,459
♪ ♪
332
00:26:02,562 --> 00:26:06,230
For her prey, there's no chance of escape.
333
00:26:08,501 --> 00:26:12,169
Her web is strong enough to capture small birds.
334
00:26:12,271 --> 00:26:18,809
♪ ♪
335
00:26:18,911 --> 00:26:20,844
But there's a catch.
336
00:26:20,980 --> 00:26:23,280
♪ ♪
337
00:26:23,382 --> 00:26:29,853
♪ ♪
338
00:26:29,956 --> 00:26:34,959
She's caught a tiger butterfly,and he's toxic.
339
00:26:35,061 --> 00:26:39,597
So she snips at her web and lets him go.
340
00:26:39,699 --> 00:26:41,999
The butterfly lives another day.
341
00:26:42,101 --> 00:26:44,435
♪ ♪
342
00:26:44,537 --> 00:26:49,440
♪ ♪
343
00:26:49,542 --> 00:26:52,109
The trees in this forest are forced into battle
344
00:26:52,211 --> 00:26:54,244
To protect their nutrients.
345
00:27:02,054 --> 00:27:05,956
A miniscule caterpillar emergedfrom a butterfly's egg
346
00:27:06,092 --> 00:27:08,792
Laid just after the rains.
347
00:27:08,894 --> 00:27:11,562
Food surrounds him.
348
00:27:11,664 --> 00:27:15,165
But he faces a big problem.
349
00:27:15,267 --> 00:27:19,570
The tree guards its nutrients with fatal poisons.
350
00:27:21,807 --> 00:27:24,675
He begins to chew.
351
00:27:24,777 --> 00:27:28,112
But he's not eating.
352
00:27:28,214 --> 00:27:31,148
He's excavating a trench.
353
00:27:33,419 --> 00:27:39,123
The plant fights back, oozing a noxious sap.
354
00:27:39,225 --> 00:27:43,227
But the caterpillar has created a barrier.
355
00:27:43,329 --> 00:27:47,031
The sap, pumped from the stem, can't reach him.
356
00:27:47,133 --> 00:27:52,436
♪ ♪
357
00:27:52,538 --> 00:27:55,372
Finally, he finishes his circle.
358
00:27:55,474 --> 00:27:59,276
The heist is complete.
359
00:27:59,345 --> 00:28:03,247
The portion inside is now isolated and safe to eat.
360
00:28:03,382 --> 00:28:07,785
♪ ♪
361
00:28:07,887 --> 00:28:12,256
As he grows, he raids thetree's reserves time and again.
362
00:28:12,358 --> 00:28:14,725
♪ ♪
363
00:28:14,827 --> 00:28:19,997
♪ ♪
364
00:28:20,099 --> 00:28:24,101
Each time he ingests tiny traces of poison.
365
00:28:24,203 --> 00:28:29,373
And with each dose, his resistance builds.
366
00:28:29,475 --> 00:28:33,343
Until eventually he achieves complete immunity.
367
00:28:36,048 --> 00:28:38,982
Now the caterpillar can gorge himself.
368
00:28:39,085 --> 00:28:41,452
♪ ♪
369
00:28:41,554 --> 00:28:47,791
♪ ♪
370
00:28:47,893 --> 00:28:52,563
He has harnessed the tree's defenses for himself.
371
00:28:52,665 --> 00:28:55,299
Protected by the poisons in his body,
372
00:28:55,401 --> 00:28:58,469
No predator could safely eat him,
373
00:28:58,571 --> 00:29:00,738
And his ostentatious warning colors
374
00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:04,108
Ensure that they won't even try.
375
00:29:14,186 --> 00:29:18,622
Safe in his cocoon with poisonscoursing through his veins,
376
00:29:18,724 --> 00:29:24,461
The insect is completely protected...
377
00:29:24,563 --> 00:29:26,697
Through his development
378
00:29:26,799 --> 00:29:30,167
And into his second life
379
00:29:30,269 --> 00:29:32,503
As a tiger butterfly.
380
00:29:32,605 --> 00:29:35,973
♪ ♪
381
00:29:36,075 --> 00:29:42,446
♪ ♪
382
00:29:42,548 --> 00:29:43,914
Across the forest,
383
00:29:44,016 --> 00:29:46,083
Millions of similar battles rage
384
00:29:46,185 --> 00:29:50,354
In an arms race over nutrients.
385
00:29:50,456 --> 00:29:51,688
With each generation,
386
00:29:51,791 --> 00:29:56,160
The caterpillar armies improve their strategies,
387
00:29:56,262 --> 00:30:00,397
While plants constantly refine their chemical weaponry.
388
00:30:00,499 --> 00:30:06,837
♪ ♪
389
00:30:06,939 --> 00:30:11,041
The result is a poison army of oddities.
390
00:30:14,713 --> 00:30:19,349
And a toxic forest with leavesindigestible to most creatures.
391
00:30:23,189 --> 00:30:25,489
Especially mammals.
392
00:30:32,798 --> 00:30:34,932
But there is one peculiar resident
393
00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,702
With extraordinary powers of digestion.
394
00:30:44,143 --> 00:30:46,944
Proboscis monkeys.
395
00:30:49,949 --> 00:30:54,084
They're named after their strange, swollen noses.
396
00:30:54,186 --> 00:30:58,622
But proboscis have also been called "cows of the canopy."
397
00:31:00,192 --> 00:31:02,826
They're the only primate with a digestive system
398
00:31:02,928 --> 00:31:05,529
Equipped to chew their cud.
399
00:31:16,075 --> 00:31:19,209
To minimize the level of any poison in their bodies,
400
00:31:19,311 --> 00:31:22,980
No one plant can dominate their diet.
401
00:31:23,082 --> 00:31:25,115
So they are constantly on the move
402
00:31:25,217 --> 00:31:30,087
And then pick only the youngest, least-toxic leaves.
403
00:31:43,936 --> 00:31:45,903
Their immense bellies are packed
404
00:31:46,005 --> 00:31:48,772
With a long, extended gut,
405
00:31:48,874 --> 00:31:52,209
And a complex stomach with four separate chambers
406
00:31:52,311 --> 00:31:55,946
That take 50 hours to digest dinner.
407
00:32:00,019 --> 00:32:03,954
And despite all this, most of the forest's foliage
408
00:32:04,056 --> 00:32:06,790
Is too difficult to digest.
409
00:32:09,461 --> 00:32:12,829
In this nutrient war, driven by the monsoon,
410
00:32:12,932 --> 00:32:17,167
The trees are runaway winners.
411
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:19,736
They not only dictate the bodies and lifestyles
412
00:32:19,838 --> 00:32:21,672
Of these monkeys,
413
00:32:21,774 --> 00:32:26,677
But ensure that the density of mammals is kept low.
414
00:32:26,779 --> 00:32:30,614
(distant shrieking)
415
00:32:30,716 --> 00:32:36,653
But even these fortress trees have one inevitable weakness.
416
00:32:36,755 --> 00:32:41,291
Eventually every leaf must die,
417
00:32:41,393 --> 00:32:45,929
Leaking away precious nutrients,
418
00:32:46,065 --> 00:32:49,199
Drip-feeding them to the forest floor...
419
00:32:52,504 --> 00:32:56,840
...Where a voracious horde waits to pounce.
420
00:33:07,353 --> 00:33:09,052
With each monsoon shower,
421
00:33:09,154 --> 00:33:12,356
Microbes and fungi burst into action,
422
00:33:12,458 --> 00:33:14,658
Bloating on the decay...
423
00:33:17,863 --> 00:33:19,496
...Softening the dead vegetation
424
00:33:19,598 --> 00:33:22,165
For legions of competing creatures.
425
00:33:22,267 --> 00:33:25,335
♪ ♪
426
00:33:25,437 --> 00:33:32,009
♪ ♪
427
00:33:32,111 --> 00:33:33,543
The race for nutrients makes this
428
00:33:33,645 --> 00:33:37,080
One of the most competitive environments on earth.
429
00:33:37,182 --> 00:33:39,516
♪ ♪
430
00:33:39,618 --> 00:33:44,855
♪ ♪
431
00:33:44,957 --> 00:33:47,958
But there's one creature that'sfaster and more efficient
432
00:33:48,093 --> 00:33:50,927
At consuming the leaves than anyone else.
433
00:33:51,030 --> 00:33:53,363
♪ ♪
434
00:33:53,465 --> 00:33:59,336
♪ ♪
435
00:33:59,438 --> 00:34:02,372
Processionary termites.
436
00:34:02,474 --> 00:34:05,609
Termites recycle a staggering one quarter
437
00:34:05,711 --> 00:34:10,013
Of all the leaf litter on borneo.
438
00:34:10,115 --> 00:34:14,484
They tear into the leaves that create tiny food parcels
439
00:34:14,586 --> 00:34:18,522
That are hauled back tothe colony in a tireless relay.
440
00:34:18,624 --> 00:34:23,894
♪ ♪
441
00:34:23,996 --> 00:34:30,133
♪ ♪
442
00:34:30,235 --> 00:34:32,569
They're amassing a priceless bounty.
443
00:34:32,671 --> 00:34:37,407
♪ ♪
444
00:34:37,509 --> 00:34:41,378
Soldier termites flank the column on high alert...
445
00:34:44,049 --> 00:34:48,452
...Armed with helmet-like heads that squirt noxious chemicals.
446
00:34:50,722 --> 00:34:53,890
In less than two hours, the leaf is gone...
447
00:34:53,992 --> 00:34:59,362
♪ ♪
448
00:34:59,465 --> 00:35:03,500
...Marched portion-by-portion into their underground nests.
449
00:35:03,602 --> 00:35:05,936
♪ ♪
450
00:35:06,038 --> 00:35:12,375
♪ ♪
451
00:35:12,478 --> 00:35:18,815
♪ ♪
452
00:35:18,917 --> 00:35:25,489
♪ ♪
453
00:35:25,591 --> 00:35:30,060
A vital supply of nutrients returned to the soil...
454
00:35:31,864 --> 00:35:35,499
...Only to be rapidly sucked back up and locked away again
455
00:35:35,601 --> 00:35:40,804
In the giant fortress bodies of the ancient trees.
456
00:35:40,906 --> 00:35:45,942
(thunder)
457
00:35:46,044 --> 00:35:49,045
The competition for nutrients in this barren land,
458
00:35:49,148 --> 00:35:51,648
Washed by the heavy monsoons,
459
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:56,620
Has over millions of yearscreated a unique array of life.
460
00:36:01,260 --> 00:36:05,862
(wind blowing)
461
00:36:05,964 --> 00:36:08,131
But there is one place on borneo
462
00:36:08,233 --> 00:36:13,236
Where the monsoon is more extreme than anywhere else;
463
00:36:13,338 --> 00:36:16,239
Where it rains every single day.
464
00:36:16,341 --> 00:36:18,675
♪ ♪
465
00:36:18,777 --> 00:36:23,446
♪ ♪
466
00:36:23,549 --> 00:36:27,350
Mount kinabalu.
467
00:36:27,452 --> 00:36:29,819
The highest peak in borneo.
468
00:36:29,922 --> 00:36:34,157
♪ ♪
469
00:36:34,259 --> 00:36:39,629
It towers two and a half miles high,
470
00:36:39,731 --> 00:36:43,967
Causing immense clouds to form almost continually.
471
00:36:44,069 --> 00:36:49,406
♪ ♪
472
00:36:49,508 --> 00:36:55,612
♪ ♪
473
00:36:55,714 --> 00:37:02,686
♪ ♪
474
00:37:02,788 --> 00:37:09,693
♪ ♪
475
00:37:09,795 --> 00:37:11,228
Over millions of years,
476
00:37:11,330 --> 00:37:17,000
The rain has altered the rocks of kinabalu,
477
00:37:17,069 --> 00:37:19,169
Creating an alien landscape
478
00:37:19,271 --> 00:37:22,772
And washing away any trace of nutrients.
479
00:37:24,910 --> 00:37:28,378
But the bigger a challenge the monsoon presents,
480
00:37:28,480 --> 00:37:31,982
The more ingenious is life's response.
481
00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:45,528
Just below the peaks of borneo's mount kinabalu,
482
00:37:45,631 --> 00:37:47,964
Unique orchids flourish.
483
00:37:48,066 --> 00:37:50,400
♪ ♪
484
00:37:50,469 --> 00:37:56,506
♪ ♪
485
00:37:56,608 --> 00:38:00,410
Their roots reach out into the winds to catch trace nutrients
486
00:38:00,512 --> 00:38:02,979
Dissolved in mountain mists.
487
00:38:03,081 --> 00:38:07,350
♪ ♪
488
00:38:07,452 --> 00:38:14,190
♪ ♪
489
00:38:14,293 --> 00:38:19,562
Over three feet wide, rafflesia is the world's largest flower.
490
00:38:21,700 --> 00:38:27,737
Yet it has no roots, stems, or leaves of its own.
491
00:38:27,839 --> 00:38:32,242
It's a parasite, stealing its nutrients from other plants.
492
00:38:34,746 --> 00:38:37,914
And most bizarre of all,
493
00:38:38,016 --> 00:38:39,916
The pitcher plants.
494
00:38:40,018 --> 00:38:42,352
♪ ♪
495
00:38:42,454 --> 00:38:47,791
♪ ♪
496
00:38:47,893 --> 00:38:54,397
♪ ♪
497
00:38:54,499 --> 00:39:01,438
♪ ♪
498
00:39:01,540 --> 00:39:03,907
Their leaves evolved to become deep cups
499
00:39:04,009 --> 00:39:06,710
Filled with digestive juices.
500
00:39:09,281 --> 00:39:14,951
The stomach-like vessels hang across the forest,
501
00:39:15,053 --> 00:39:17,253
Waiting for food.
502
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:24,894
Some have become leaf catchers.
503
00:39:27,999 --> 00:39:31,835
The decomposing soup inside feeds the plant.
504
00:39:31,937 --> 00:39:38,742
♪ ♪
505
00:39:38,844 --> 00:39:45,248
♪ ♪
506
00:39:45,350 --> 00:39:47,684
Others have become carnivores.
507
00:39:47,786 --> 00:39:50,120
♪ ♪
508
00:39:50,222 --> 00:39:55,158
♪ ♪
509
00:39:55,260 --> 00:39:59,362
Their colors and scents lure insects to a sugary nectar
510
00:39:59,464 --> 00:40:02,198
That's too tempting to pass by.
511
00:40:05,670 --> 00:40:07,604
But it's a trap.
512
00:40:07,706 --> 00:40:12,642
♪ ♪
513
00:40:12,744 --> 00:40:15,311
Insects quickly slip on the wet rim
514
00:40:15,414 --> 00:40:18,615
And tumble into the deadly liquid.
515
00:40:22,053 --> 00:40:23,653
Their drowned bodies decay
516
00:40:23,755 --> 00:40:27,524
In the enzyme-rich juice of the killer plants.
517
00:40:30,862 --> 00:40:34,464
But some pitchers need more than just insects.
518
00:40:38,937 --> 00:40:41,571
A giant among carnivorous plants,
519
00:40:41,673 --> 00:40:44,874
The kinabalu giant pitcher.
520
00:40:47,579 --> 00:40:53,183
It's over 12 inches tall and holds about 8 cups of liquid.
521
00:40:55,554 --> 00:40:59,222
It patiently waits for something warm-blooded.
522
00:40:59,324 --> 00:41:06,196
♪ ♪
523
00:41:06,298 --> 00:41:13,136
♪ ♪
524
00:41:13,238 --> 00:41:20,043
♪ ♪
525
00:41:20,145 --> 00:41:22,479
A hungry tree shrew.
526
00:41:22,581 --> 00:41:26,683
♪ ♪
527
00:41:26,785 --> 00:41:29,586
The mosses provide moisture for a quick drink,
528
00:41:29,688 --> 00:41:31,688
But she needs a meal.
529
00:41:31,790 --> 00:41:38,695
♪ ♪
530
00:41:38,797 --> 00:41:41,130
♪ ♪
531
00:41:41,233 --> 00:41:46,102
♪ ♪
532
00:41:46,204 --> 00:41:48,204
There's something sweet.
533
00:41:48,306 --> 00:41:51,641
♪ ♪
534
00:41:51,743 --> 00:41:58,481
♪ ♪
535
00:41:58,583 --> 00:42:02,919
The scent of the giantpitcher plant lures her closer.
536
00:42:06,057 --> 00:42:08,625
It's irresistible.
537
00:42:11,429 --> 00:42:13,029
To get a good lick of sugar
538
00:42:13,131 --> 00:42:16,165
She'll need to climb onto the rim.
539
00:42:16,268 --> 00:42:22,605
♪ ♪
540
00:42:22,707 --> 00:42:29,045
♪ ♪
541
00:42:29,147 --> 00:42:35,785
♪ ♪
542
00:42:35,887 --> 00:42:38,788
One slip and she'll fall.
543
00:42:38,890 --> 00:42:44,127
♪ ♪
544
00:42:44,229 --> 00:42:45,762
(splash)
545
00:42:45,864 --> 00:42:49,566
But the shrew knows what she's doing.
546
00:42:49,668 --> 00:42:52,368
The plant offers its tasty treat
547
00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:55,972
In exchange for an important deposit.
548
00:42:58,243 --> 00:43:00,610
A dose of perfect fertilizer
549
00:43:00,712 --> 00:43:04,948
That the giant pitcher so desperately needs for growth.
550
00:43:09,254 --> 00:43:12,088
Tree shrews are territorial.
551
00:43:12,190 --> 00:43:13,756
By leaving her droppings,
552
00:43:13,858 --> 00:43:19,362
She's signaling to other shrewsthat this plant is taken.
553
00:43:19,464 --> 00:43:22,065
(splash)
554
00:43:22,133 --> 00:43:24,634
It's one of the most extraordinary relationships
555
00:43:24,736 --> 00:43:28,237
Between plants and mammals anywhere.
556
00:43:28,340 --> 00:43:30,607
(squeaking)
557
00:43:30,709 --> 00:43:34,644
Come about only because of the intense evolutionary pressure
558
00:43:34,746 --> 00:43:38,615
From the monsoon here on mount kinabalu.
559
00:43:42,754 --> 00:43:45,288
The life found on borneo counts among
560
00:43:45,390 --> 00:43:48,825
Some of the most unusual on the planet.
561
00:43:52,097 --> 00:43:54,631
And it's just one in the massive group of islands
562
00:43:54,733 --> 00:43:57,033
In southeast asia.
563
00:43:57,135 --> 00:44:02,505
♪ ♪
564
00:44:02,607 --> 00:44:04,707
Each a world of its own,
565
00:44:04,809 --> 00:44:07,276
Filled with strange inhabitants
566
00:44:07,345 --> 00:44:11,280
And wonderful adaptations to life,
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Trapped in the very heart of the monsoon.
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♪ ♪
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00:44:20,725 --> 00:44:22,625
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