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Oh, I didn't pay.
Can you pay here?
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[laughs]
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[machine whirring]
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Oh, my gosh.
It took my card.
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[laughs]
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You might want
to go back, dude.
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So today I'm getting filmed
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about my job at CIA.
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I know you-you were,
um, studying
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about Afghanistan and--
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[girl]
All the wars.
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All the wars,
and you, um, were a spy.
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[Maddox chuckles]
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I worked with spies.
It's true.
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[indistinct chatter]
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00:01:00,165 --> 00:01:02,709
I'll never feel like
an Afghanistan expert.
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The war, it's so complex.
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It's almost been cyclical with
our U.S. government as well.
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[turn signal clicking]
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What is the mission?
What is the goal there?
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[car door closes]
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♪ soft music ♪
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And I got to know Afghans.
I worked with Afghans.
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I'm a woman, a mother.
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My heart hurts
for these people
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because I just don't see
how this ends.
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♪♪♪
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After the extraordinary
sacrifice
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of blood and treasure,
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the American people are weary
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of the longest war
in American history.
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This year we will bring
America's longest war
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to a responsible end.
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I want the Afghan people
to understand--
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America seeks an end to this
era of war and suffering.
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[George W. Bush]
We know from the history
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of military conflict
in Afghanistan,
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00:02:07,625 --> 00:02:09,457
it's been one
of initial success
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followed by long years
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00:02:11,207 --> 00:02:14,375
of floundering
and ultimate failure.
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00:02:14,457 --> 00:02:15,959
We're not gonna repeat
that mistake.
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00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:18,542
We welcome the distinguished
interim leader
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of a liberated Afghanistan,
Chairman Hamid Karzai.
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[applause]
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[Bill Clinton]
Osama bin Laden publicly vowed
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to wage a terrorist war
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against America
from Afghanistan.
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This will be a long
ongoing struggle
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between freedom
and fanaticism.
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[George H.W. Bush] Our
commitment to the people there
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would lead
to a peaceful Afghanistan
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with no more bloodbaths.
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[Reagan]
The goal of the United States
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remains a genuinely
independent Afghanistan,
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free from
external interference.
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Massive Soviet military forces
have invaded
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the small sovereign nation
of Afghanistan.
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History teaches
that aggression unopposed
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becomes a contagious disease.
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♪♪♪
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I grew up thinking Afghanistan
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was the biggest country
in the world,
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the most beautiful country
in the world,
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the most developed country
in the world,
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with a huge passion
for my country
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because it was very much
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the same, uh, thing
my father shared.
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♪♪♪
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In a very romantic way,
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my father was always talking
about the Afghanistan
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that he had experienced.
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They would go on the weekends
to restaurants.
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They would take a walk
in the park.
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But these were all those, uh,
fairy tales to us.
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Mm, we never experienced
Afghanistan that way.
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♪♪♪
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One thing in common about many
of these fights in my country
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is that, unfortunately,
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it's our soil that is
being used for various wars
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between the global powers.
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♪♪♪
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The world
simply cannot stand by
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and permit the Soviet Union
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to commit this act
with impunity.
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[gunfire]
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The Soviets killed about
ten percent of the population.
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[camera shutter clicking]
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It was a genocide,
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and the military was not
doing anything about it,
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00:04:48,165 --> 00:04:51,417
but I heard
that, uh, the agency did.
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[Bearden]
The CIA director says,
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00:04:53,582 --> 00:04:57,000
"I want you to go out there
and win this."
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[Coll] I was the
Washington Post correspondent
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in, uh, South Asia,
so the Afghan War
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was pretty much
the biggest story on my beat.
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Pakistan had
an immediate refugee flow.
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They went to their ally,
the United States, and said,
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"We've got all these rebels
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who are coming into our country
as refugees.
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They want to liberate
their country
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from Soviet occupation.
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We, the Pakistan government,
are inclined to help them,
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but we could use
your support as well."
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And so we were told
to get busy
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and try to figure out
what was happening
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with these guys
called the mujahideen.
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[Sageman]
People knew that the CIA
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was supporting the Afghans.
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They could never know how.
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[Schroen] So we then decided
we would use the Pakistanis
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as our surrogates
to support the mujahideen.
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[gunfire]
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[man]
speaking native language
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[Reagan] The Soviet presence
in Afghanistan
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is a major impediment
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00:05:54,082 --> 00:05:55,917
to improved
U.S.-Soviet relations,
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and we would like
to remove it.
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[Schroen] We were putting in
a variety of weapons systems
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00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:04,000
into the hands
of the mujahideen.
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00:06:04,083 --> 00:06:04,959
The United States
started to provide
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00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:08,165
these Stinger
antiaircraft missiles
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to equip the rebels to fight
the Soviets as equals.
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00:06:12,791 --> 00:06:15,541
They started knocking Soviet
aircraft out of the sky
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by the hundreds.
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00:06:17,290 --> 00:06:19,000
[Bergen]
That changed the war,
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00:06:19,082 --> 00:06:21,500
and it showed that the
U.S. government was serious
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00:06:21,582 --> 00:06:24,165
about not just inflicting
some damage on the Soviets
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00:06:24,250 --> 00:06:26,750
but actually getting them
to leave Afghanistan,
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which is what they did.
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[Bearden] And as soon as
Boris Gromov rode on that tank
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out to the middle
of Friendship Bridge
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00:06:34,582 --> 00:06:36,457
from Afghanistan,
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00:06:36,542 --> 00:06:40,709
I hit send on a cable
that was typed out using Xs
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to make a big, "We won."
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00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:45,582
♪♪♪
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I wrote an article
and put the name on it,
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"Graveyard of Empires."
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00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:52,667
My point was, it's very easy
getting in there,
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00:06:52,750 --> 00:06:57,040
but getting out
is immensely difficult,
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and winning is...
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00:07:00,791 --> 00:07:02,541
very, very questionable.
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00:07:02,625 --> 00:07:03,875
Whatever winning means,
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00:07:03,959 --> 00:07:05,625
you usually don't get it
in Afghanistan.
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00:07:05,709 --> 00:07:10,583
♪♪♪
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00:07:10,666 --> 00:07:14,709
[horns honking]
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Kabul has changed a lot
in the last several years.
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It used to be
that you could
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00:07:20,457 --> 00:07:21,542
kind of walk
around the streets
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and pick up a cab
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00:07:22,625 --> 00:07:25,207
and go to a restaurant,
have a nice meal.
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00:07:25,290 --> 00:07:27,625
If you're a foreigner,
that's basically all gone.
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00:07:27,709 --> 00:07:31,290
♪♪♪
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00:07:31,375 --> 00:07:33,792
The Taliban have done
a campaign of attacking
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anywhere Westerners gather,
and we're in an armored car
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because it's regarded
as too dangerous now,
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which is a pity because Kabul
is an amazingly beautiful
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and vibrant city.
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The city is now brimming
with up to six million people,
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and it's a very different Kabul
than the one I remember
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under the Taliban
or during the Civil War.
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♪♪♪
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00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:02,583
The United States ended
its official presence
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00:08:02,666 --> 00:08:03,750
in Afghanistan today,
two weeks before
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00:08:03,834 --> 00:08:06,125
Soviet troops are scheduled
to complete their pullout.
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00:08:06,208 --> 00:08:07,750
Our State Department
correspondent
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00:08:07,834 --> 00:08:10,666
Bill Plante reports.
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00:08:11,541 --> 00:08:14,083
[Plante] A marine guard hauled
down the stars and stripes
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00:08:14,165 --> 00:08:15,916
at the U.S. embassy in Kabul
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00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:17,500
as the remaining handful
of diplomats
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00:08:17,582 --> 00:08:19,375
prepared to get out
of Afghanistan
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as soon as weather permits.
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00:08:20,457 --> 00:08:23,125
The U.S. joins
other Western nations
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00:08:23,207 --> 00:08:24,667
which have temporarily
pulled out,
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00:08:24,750 --> 00:08:26,082
fearing chaos
after Soviet troops
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00:08:26,165 --> 00:08:28,207
end their ten-year occupation.
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00:08:36,582 --> 00:08:39,834
I first got
into, uh, Afghanistan
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00:08:39,917 --> 00:08:40,959
by crossing the-the frontier
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00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:44,792
between Pakistan
and Afghanistan
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00:08:44,875 --> 00:08:48,792
with a group of mujahideen
in mid-1989,
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just as the Soviet Union
had, uh, withdrawn.
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♪♪♪
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00:08:55,332 --> 00:08:57,250
I was working
with an aid agency,
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trying to help
both with refugees in Pakistan
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00:09:00,708 --> 00:09:03,582
and inside Afghanistan.
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00:09:03,667 --> 00:09:07,917
People were readying
themselves for the fight
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00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:12,667
over who would claim
Afghanistan
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00:09:12,750 --> 00:09:14,792
now that the-the Soviets
had got out.
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00:09:14,875 --> 00:09:19,457
♪♪♪
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00:09:22,082 --> 00:09:25,332
America made a fatal mistake.
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00:09:25,417 --> 00:09:28,166
The Afghan thing was almost
totally forgotten.
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00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:32,959
The result was that
an Afghanistan
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00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:37,625
so overloaded with ordnance
and awash with money
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00:09:37,709 --> 00:09:40,040
slipped into its own devices.
196
00:09:41,375 --> 00:09:43,250
[Coll] From a war
correspondent's perspective,
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00:09:43,332 --> 00:09:44,625
by the time
I was traveling around
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00:09:44,709 --> 00:09:45,792
in the war in the early '90s,
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00:09:45,875 --> 00:09:47,792
it had become
a nasty civil war.
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00:09:49,165 --> 00:09:51,290
[Constable]
The thing I remember most
201
00:09:51,375 --> 00:09:53,290
was how lonely it was.
202
00:09:54,375 --> 00:09:57,332
Kabul was like a ghost city.
203
00:09:57,417 --> 00:10:00,417
You could stand
in a major intersection,
204
00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:04,332
which now has endless
clogged traffic jams,
205
00:10:04,417 --> 00:10:07,667
and see no one and hear nothing
but bicycle spokes
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00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:09,875
and horse carriage bells.
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00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:11,250
It was very haunting.
208
00:10:11,332 --> 00:10:14,542
[man]
yelling in native language
209
00:10:14,625 --> 00:10:16,750
[Constable] There was rape.
There was robbery.
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00:10:16,875 --> 00:10:21,041
Buildings were rocketed
and shot all the time.
211
00:10:21,166 --> 00:10:23,291
People were terrified.
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00:10:24,417 --> 00:10:26,542
[Semple] Out of the fight,
street by street in Kabul,
213
00:10:26,625 --> 00:10:31,417
replicated in the sort of
districts of the country,
214
00:10:31,542 --> 00:10:32,542
we got the Taliban movement.
215
00:10:35,082 --> 00:10:38,040
I can recall
the precise moment
216
00:10:38,125 --> 00:10:41,207
in which I learnt
of the Taliban movement.
217
00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:44,542
I was at a garden party,
and a posh Englishman
218
00:10:44,582 --> 00:10:48,959
told me about this supposedly
Islamic student movement
219
00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,542
which had just taken over a
swath of territory in Kandahar
220
00:10:52,625 --> 00:10:57,040
and was chasing after these
money-grubbing, gun-wielding,
221
00:10:57,125 --> 00:11:00,250
you know, commanders left over
from the mujahideen,
222
00:11:00,332 --> 00:11:02,750
hanging them up
from trees and posts
223
00:11:02,833 --> 00:11:06,332
and stuffing money
in their mouths,
224
00:11:06,417 --> 00:11:07,582
and he told me,
225
00:11:07,667 --> 00:11:09,041
"Michael, this looks
like the next big thing,"
226
00:11:09,125 --> 00:11:11,332
um, and he was right.
227
00:11:11,417 --> 00:11:14,417
[Coll] The Taliban advertised
themselves
228
00:11:14,500 --> 00:11:17,417
as a kind of purifying force,
a cleansing force
229
00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:20,708
that would reunify Afghanistan
under the banner of Islam.
230
00:11:22,792 --> 00:11:26,708
[Schroen] That was very
attractive to the Pakistanis.
231
00:11:26,792 --> 00:11:28,166
They didn't want Afghanistan
to be a threat,
232
00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:30,958
and so the Pakistani
government
233
00:11:31,041 --> 00:11:33,709
threw their weight militarily
234
00:11:33,792 --> 00:11:37,082
and financially
behind the Taliban,
235
00:11:37,165 --> 00:11:39,040
and by early 1996,
236
00:11:39,125 --> 00:11:41,875
they controlled three-fourths
of Afghanistan.
237
00:11:42,917 --> 00:11:45,082
[Coll] They often conquered
without firing a shot.
238
00:11:45,165 --> 00:11:46,082
They would just ride
into a town
239
00:11:46,165 --> 00:11:47,667
holding Korans in the air
240
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:53,290
or waving the flags of, uh,
their movement or of Islam,
241
00:11:53,375 --> 00:11:57,165
and whole garrisons
would just, uh, change sides.
242
00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:59,792
[Constable]
The gratitude began to fade
243
00:11:59,875 --> 00:12:02,166
and be replaced
with something else
244
00:12:02,250 --> 00:12:05,500
when it became clear
that the Taliban wanted
245
00:12:05,582 --> 00:12:09,833
to enforce an extremely
restrictive version of Islam.
246
00:12:11,958 --> 00:12:14,291
I went to Afghanistan
as a journalist,
247
00:12:14,375 --> 00:12:16,457
I think, five or six times,
248
00:12:16,542 --> 00:12:19,542
and that meant that you had
to get a visa
249
00:12:19,625 --> 00:12:21,958
from the Taliban government,
250
00:12:22,041 --> 00:12:24,041
which meant that you were there
under very limited
251
00:12:24,125 --> 00:12:27,917
and very strict conditions,
and there were many conditions.
252
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:30,417
Number one, you had
to completely cover yourself
253
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:31,750
except your face.
254
00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:34,040
Number two,
you couldn't meet with women.
255
00:12:34,125 --> 00:12:36,207
Number three, you couldn't
take pictures of anything.
256
00:12:36,290 --> 00:12:38,542
I had a camera, a small camera,
257
00:12:38,625 --> 00:12:40,709
hidden under
my voluminous scarf,
258
00:12:40,792 --> 00:12:43,582
and we stopped at a bakery
to buy some bread,
259
00:12:43,667 --> 00:12:46,250
and I saw this boy's face
through the window,
260
00:12:46,332 --> 00:12:49,332
and I just ducked
into the bakery,
261
00:12:49,417 --> 00:12:50,667
and I got out my camera,
262
00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:53,332
and I just took this
one single picture of him,
263
00:12:53,417 --> 00:12:54,500
and then I left.
264
00:12:54,582 --> 00:12:59,457
♪♪♪
265
00:13:03,250 --> 00:13:07,625
There was no music, no-no TV,
no phone system to speak of.
266
00:13:07,708 --> 00:13:10,250
Women were locked
inside their houses.
267
00:13:10,332 --> 00:13:13,542
Girls were not educated.
The economy totally collapsed.
268
00:13:13,625 --> 00:13:17,875
♪♪♪
269
00:13:17,958 --> 00:13:21,625
The deal was,
you get the right to life,
270
00:13:21,708 --> 00:13:25,417
and you give up pretty much
all other rights.
271
00:13:25,500 --> 00:13:29,667
♪♪♪
272
00:13:35,250 --> 00:13:38,250
[Rahmani] This is the pictures
of all the ambassadors
273
00:13:38,332 --> 00:13:40,375
that served here.
274
00:13:40,457 --> 00:13:43,207
As you can see,
there are no women.
275
00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:45,250
So here, I would come
as a shock factor,
276
00:13:45,332 --> 00:13:47,500
but that's where
the change happens.
277
00:13:57,582 --> 00:13:58,959
Starting '92,
278
00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:02,332
I found the country
in the worst possible shape.
279
00:14:02,417 --> 00:14:07,417
There was this, uh, ambience
280
00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:09,917
of darkness and fear
281
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,582
and gloom.
282
00:14:12,667 --> 00:14:15,582
♪♪♪
283
00:14:15,667 --> 00:14:17,500
We have to wear burkas.
284
00:14:17,582 --> 00:14:20,625
We never wore burkas
in my entire life.
285
00:14:20,708 --> 00:14:23,417
I was a young teenager,
and I thought, "Why?
286
00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:26,207
Why should I be like this?"
287
00:14:26,291 --> 00:14:29,125
I told my family
that I am going to sew
288
00:14:29,207 --> 00:14:32,000
the two big shawls
that we had
289
00:14:32,082 --> 00:14:34,375
so that I will have
a very big sheet,
290
00:14:34,457 --> 00:14:35,457
and I would fully
cover myself,
291
00:14:35,542 --> 00:14:38,290
but I am not gonna
wear a burka.
292
00:14:38,375 --> 00:14:43,000
It symbolized
so much oppression to me.
293
00:14:43,082 --> 00:14:47,582
♪♪♪
294
00:14:50,625 --> 00:14:52,417
In 2001,
295
00:14:52,500 --> 00:14:57,000
there were 900,000 students
in school,
296
00:14:57,082 --> 00:14:59,040
and the number of girls?
297
00:14:59,125 --> 00:15:00,625
Zero.
298
00:15:03,125 --> 00:15:06,750
We did not want our
generations to be illiterate.
299
00:15:06,833 --> 00:15:10,332
So, if somebody knew math,
300
00:15:10,417 --> 00:15:13,291
they would quietly tell
301
00:15:13,375 --> 00:15:15,917
the neighborhood, uh,
boys and girls
302
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,332
that, "We will teach you math,"
303
00:15:19,417 --> 00:15:21,750
but that always had
to be hidden.
304
00:15:23,417 --> 00:15:26,667
[Schroen] We said,
"When you guys are victorious
305
00:15:26,750 --> 00:15:28,667
and the Soviets are gone,
we're finished.
306
00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:30,667
We turn the country
over to you.
307
00:15:30,750 --> 00:15:31,125
We're not here forever."
308
00:15:31,207 --> 00:15:34,834
♪♪♪
309
00:15:34,917 --> 00:15:37,667
When that happened,
we basically walked away.
310
00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:42,834
♪♪♪
311
00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:46,082
When the Taliban took over,
most people said,
312
00:15:46,165 --> 00:15:47,375
"There's nothing
we can do about it,
313
00:15:47,457 --> 00:15:48,792
so we're not gonna
do anything.
314
00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:51,125
We're not even gonna
worry about it."
315
00:15:51,207 --> 00:15:54,125
Our interest really was
when bin Laden went there,
316
00:15:54,207 --> 00:15:57,667
rather than anything that's
gonna change Afghanistan.
317
00:15:57,750 --> 00:16:02,582
♪♪♪
318
00:16:02,667 --> 00:16:05,500
[Saleh]
I come from a rural family.
319
00:16:05,582 --> 00:16:07,125
Uh, we were one
of the destitute families,
320
00:16:07,207 --> 00:16:10,041
uh, due to war,
321
00:16:10,125 --> 00:16:14,375
and, uh, when I became
able enough,
322
00:16:14,457 --> 00:16:16,500
I went back to the valley,
323
00:16:16,582 --> 00:16:19,375
and I joined, uh, the forces
fighting the regime.
324
00:16:19,457 --> 00:16:22,082
[woman]
At the age of 19,
325
00:16:22,166 --> 00:16:23,542
he was already
a seasoned war veteran
326
00:16:23,625 --> 00:16:26,792
in charge
of rebuilding villages
327
00:16:26,875 --> 00:16:27,625
bombed in the fighting.
328
00:16:27,708 --> 00:16:30,166
[Saleh]
Couple of years later,
329
00:16:30,250 --> 00:16:33,000
I was given
intelligence assignment.
330
00:16:33,082 --> 00:16:36,375
So, since '97, I was assigned
331
00:16:36,457 --> 00:16:38,582
to handle
the overall relationship
332
00:16:38,667 --> 00:16:39,834
with the, uh--with the CIA.
333
00:16:42,625 --> 00:16:45,375
The strategic aspect
of the relationship
334
00:16:45,457 --> 00:16:47,959
was telling them
what is terrorism,
335
00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:52,250
what is bin Laden,
what is al-Qaeda,
336
00:16:52,332 --> 00:16:56,125
and what type of threat
does it pose
337
00:16:56,207 --> 00:16:59,417
to U.S. interest
in the wider region
338
00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:02,082
and how we should, uh, cope
with it.
339
00:17:02,166 --> 00:17:03,417
Of course, they were not
very receptive
340
00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:06,625
of our strategic analysis.
341
00:17:06,709 --> 00:17:10,666
They were showing
very little interest
342
00:17:10,750 --> 00:17:13,083
to the hosts of al-Qaeda.
343
00:17:13,165 --> 00:17:16,375
They were showing
very, very little interest
344
00:17:16,458 --> 00:17:18,750
to the plight
of the Afghan people,
345
00:17:18,834 --> 00:17:23,333
who were suffering
under that terrorist regime.
346
00:17:23,416 --> 00:17:25,791
♪♪♪
347
00:17:25,875 --> 00:17:26,500
[Bergen] One thing Afghans
don't need a lot of help with
348
00:17:26,583 --> 00:17:29,709
is fighting,
uh, and, uh--
349
00:17:29,791 --> 00:17:31,583
but a number of Arabs,
like Osama bin Laden, came,
350
00:17:31,666 --> 00:17:33,791
and they were very idealistic.
351
00:17:33,875 --> 00:17:35,250
They weren't very large
in number.
352
00:17:35,333 --> 00:17:36,791
They weren't
very military effective.
353
00:17:36,875 --> 00:17:39,083
They didn't have
any fighting experience.
354
00:17:39,165 --> 00:17:40,125
But they got together,
355
00:17:40,208 --> 00:17:43,083
and he founded al-Qaeda
over the course
356
00:17:43,165 --> 00:17:45,458
of a couple of weekends
in Pakistan
357
00:17:45,541 --> 00:17:47,709
in August of 1988.
358
00:17:47,791 --> 00:17:51,791
It was a very secretive
organization.
359
00:17:51,875 --> 00:17:54,416
[Coll] They really didn't have
very many places to go,
360
00:17:54,500 --> 00:17:57,458
and Afghanistan was one place
where bin Laden thought
361
00:17:57,541 --> 00:18:01,709
he could establish
al-Qaeda's headquarters.
362
00:18:02,750 --> 00:18:05,500
[Bergen] In '96, I read
a State Department report
363
00:18:05,583 --> 00:18:06,791
about bin Laden
364
00:18:06,875 --> 00:18:09,000
saying he's financing
Islamic extremism.
365
00:18:09,083 --> 00:18:11,875
He's recruited all of these
Arabs from around the world,
366
00:18:11,959 --> 00:18:13,500
and he could be a problem.
367
00:18:13,583 --> 00:18:14,834
So I went to my bosses at CNN.
368
00:18:14,916 --> 00:18:17,125
I said, "Let's try
and interview this guy."
369
00:18:17,208 --> 00:18:18,500
You know, this is, like,
the hostage video.
370
00:18:18,583 --> 00:18:22,458
Yeah.
The hostage video.
371
00:18:22,541 --> 00:18:25,165
♪♪♪
372
00:18:25,250 --> 00:18:27,375
There we are.
We look almost human.
373
00:18:30,500 --> 00:18:34,458
speaking native language
374
00:18:42,583 --> 00:18:43,875
No one really paid
any attention until 1998,
375
00:18:43,959 --> 00:18:47,333
when al-Qaeda
blew up two American embassies
376
00:18:47,416 --> 00:18:49,290
within nine minutes
of each other.
377
00:18:49,375 --> 00:18:52,541
Two bombs exploded
almost simultaneously today
378
00:18:52,625 --> 00:18:55,165
at the U.S. embassies
in the East Africa nations
379
00:18:55,250 --> 00:18:56,750
of Kenya and Tanzania.
380
00:18:56,834 --> 00:18:57,875
[woman] U.S. officials
say the bombings
381
00:18:57,959 --> 00:19:01,541
have all the fingerprints
of Middle East terror.
382
00:19:01,625 --> 00:19:02,959
[Bergen] That is when
it became clear
383
00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:04,208
that bin Laden and al-Qaeda
384
00:19:04,290 --> 00:19:05,500
was really a big deal
and could--
385
00:19:05,583 --> 00:19:08,250
not only were spouting all
this anti-American rhetoric
386
00:19:08,333 --> 00:19:12,250
but trying to kill, you know,
large numbers of Americans.
387
00:19:12,333 --> 00:19:14,500
[Bill Clinton] There is
convincing information
388
00:19:14,583 --> 00:19:16,541
from our
intelligence community
389
00:19:16,625 --> 00:19:17,625
that the bin Laden
terrorist network
390
00:19:17,709 --> 00:19:21,959
was responsible
for these bombings.
391
00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:23,834
[Grenier] Bin Laden
was constantly moving,
392
00:19:23,916 --> 00:19:25,791
and we were using
Afghan tribal networks
393
00:19:25,875 --> 00:19:28,916
to report on his travels
and his whereabouts.
394
00:19:30,916 --> 00:19:32,500
Our tribal contacts
came to us,
395
00:19:32,583 --> 00:19:34,791
and they said, "Look,
he's in this location now.
396
00:19:34,875 --> 00:19:36,416
When he leaves, he's gonna
have to go through
397
00:19:36,500 --> 00:19:37,750
this particular crossroads,"
398
00:19:37,834 --> 00:19:41,541
and so what they proposed
was to bury
399
00:19:41,625 --> 00:19:44,750
a huge cache of explosives
underneath those crossroads
400
00:19:44,834 --> 00:19:48,000
so that when his convoy
came through,
401
00:19:48,083 --> 00:19:49,916
they could simply blow it up.
402
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,375
And we said, "Absolutely not."
403
00:19:53,458 --> 00:19:57,333
We were risking jail
if we didn't tell them that,
404
00:19:57,416 --> 00:20:01,000
because the CIA
had a so-called lethal finding
405
00:20:01,083 --> 00:20:03,416
that had been signed
by President Clinton
406
00:20:03,500 --> 00:20:06,040
which said that
we could engage in
407
00:20:06,125 --> 00:20:07,709
"lethal activity"
against bin Laden,
408
00:20:07,791 --> 00:20:13,458
but the purpose
of our attack on bin Laden
409
00:20:13,541 --> 00:20:15,916
couldn't be to kill him.
410
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:19,458
We were being asked
to remove this threat
411
00:20:19,541 --> 00:20:20,959
to the United States
412
00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:26,000
essentially with one hand
tied behind our backs.
413
00:20:28,458 --> 00:20:30,791
[Martin]
I was a fairly junior officer,
414
00:20:30,875 --> 00:20:33,458
and as al-Qaeda grew
into a worldwide presence,
415
00:20:33,541 --> 00:20:35,333
we were very sensitive
416
00:20:35,416 --> 00:20:38,458
and very aware
of this growing phenomenon.
417
00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:42,458
It's not like
they were playing.
418
00:20:42,541 --> 00:20:45,125
The threat was real.
419
00:20:46,709 --> 00:20:49,083
And if President Clinton
had taken action
420
00:20:49,165 --> 00:20:50,500
and killed Osama bin Laden,
421
00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:53,834
there wouldn't
have been a 9/11.
422
00:20:53,916 --> 00:20:54,916
If there wouldn't have been
a 9/11,
423
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:56,208
there wouldn't have been
Afghanistan.
424
00:20:56,290 --> 00:20:57,083
If there wouldn't have been
Afghanistan,
425
00:20:57,165 --> 00:20:59,834
there probably
wouldn't have been Iraq.
426
00:20:59,916 --> 00:21:02,333
What would the world be like?
427
00:21:02,416 --> 00:21:07,583
♪♪♪
428
00:21:11,083 --> 00:21:14,040
[Maddox] It still gets to me,
living in our nation's capital
429
00:21:14,125 --> 00:21:16,791
and every building
has significance...
430
00:21:19,208 --> 00:21:22,125
...especially driving by here.
431
00:21:23,458 --> 00:21:26,541
Something I'll never forget,
shaped my whole life.
432
00:21:26,625 --> 00:21:31,666
♪♪♪
433
00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:34,625
I had finished my first week
at Georgetown.
434
00:21:34,709 --> 00:21:36,875
They have a National Security
Studies program there.
435
00:21:36,959 --> 00:21:40,290
I was driving around
in the area,
436
00:21:40,375 --> 00:21:43,333
getting used to it
after that first week,
437
00:21:43,416 --> 00:21:45,583
and then a bunch of cars
stopped in front of me,
438
00:21:45,666 --> 00:21:49,541
and people got out and started
screaming and pointing.
439
00:21:49,625 --> 00:21:51,875
The plane had just hit
the Pentagon.
440
00:21:51,959 --> 00:21:56,709
♪♪♪
441
00:21:56,791 --> 00:21:58,541
When I came to D.C.,
I actually didn't think
442
00:21:58,625 --> 00:22:01,458
I would stay,
443
00:22:01,541 --> 00:22:03,750
but counterterrorism
developed into an entire field
444
00:22:03,834 --> 00:22:07,875
after that day,
and I got swept up in it.
445
00:22:07,959 --> 00:22:11,333
♪♪♪
446
00:22:11,416 --> 00:22:13,916
[Coll] On 9/11, it was clear
who the enemy was,
447
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,750
and the Bush administration
went straight into Afghanistan,
448
00:22:17,834 --> 00:22:19,250
where al-Qaeda was,
449
00:22:19,333 --> 00:22:22,458
where bin Laden was,
and tried to attack them,
450
00:22:22,541 --> 00:22:24,916
both for the purpose
of responding to 9/11
451
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:28,541
but also to try to disrupt
any planning
452
00:22:28,625 --> 00:22:29,583
that al-Qaeda
might have under way
453
00:22:29,666 --> 00:22:31,000
for a follow-on attack.
454
00:22:31,083 --> 00:22:33,750
[man] The Taliban
have now made it clear
455
00:22:33,834 --> 00:22:36,458
that they will not bow
to American pressure.
456
00:22:36,541 --> 00:22:39,916
At a chaotic press conference
at their embassy in Islamabad,
457
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:42,208
they threatened holy war
if attacked
458
00:22:42,290 --> 00:22:43,625
and rejected
President Bush's demand
459
00:22:43,709 --> 00:22:46,666
to surrender Osama bin Laden.
460
00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:48,959
Are you willing to hand
Osama bin Laden
461
00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:50,416
to the United States or not?
462
00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:51,709
No, no, no, no.
463
00:22:53,458 --> 00:22:54,666
[Mohseni]
Well, for the Taliban,
464
00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:56,290
there was an opportunity
for them to distance,
465
00:22:56,375 --> 00:22:59,916
uh, the movement from these
groups and individuals,
466
00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:02,625
and we were hoping
they wouldn't,
467
00:23:02,709 --> 00:23:05,125
because, uh, for us,
it was an opportunity
468
00:23:05,208 --> 00:23:09,165
to actually rid Afghanistan
of the Taliban.
469
00:23:09,250 --> 00:23:13,000
And as we expected,
they stuck to their guns,
470
00:23:13,083 --> 00:23:18,208
and they did not
in any way compromise,
471
00:23:18,290 --> 00:23:20,959
and that was the beginning
of the end for them,
472
00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:22,500
at least in that period.
473
00:23:24,165 --> 00:23:26,916
[Schroen] When 9/11 happened,
they called me in.
474
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:28,959
Basically, they said, "Will you
take the first team in?
475
00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,290
We got to--we want to put
a team together."
476
00:23:31,375 --> 00:23:32,458
I said, "Oh, God,
477
00:23:32,541 --> 00:23:34,416
everybody in the United States
wants to do this,
478
00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:36,375
and they're giving me the job,
479
00:23:36,458 --> 00:23:38,709
be the first people
to hit back at bin Laden?"
480
00:23:38,791 --> 00:23:40,750
I said, "Yeah,
better believe it."
481
00:23:41,959 --> 00:23:44,333
[Bernsten] When I entered,
you know, I had my orders.
482
00:23:44,416 --> 00:23:46,250
I had an operational directive
to execute on the ground.
483
00:23:46,333 --> 00:23:51,333
Number one, destroy the Taliban
because they're in the way.
484
00:23:51,416 --> 00:23:53,959
We have to get at al-Qaeda.
485
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:57,375
Number two,
kill every member of al-Qaeda
486
00:23:57,458 --> 00:24:00,375
that you can find
on the battlefield.
487
00:24:00,458 --> 00:24:04,290
Number three,
find and kill bin Laden.
488
00:24:04,375 --> 00:24:09,250
♪♪♪
489
00:24:11,125 --> 00:24:12,666
[Schroen]
Well, when we left,
490
00:24:12,750 --> 00:24:14,165
chief of
Counterterrorism Center said--
491
00:24:14,250 --> 00:24:16,834
We met him on the morning
we were getting ready to leave,
492
00:24:16,916 --> 00:24:19,875
and he said, "I'm gonna
give you your orders now.
493
00:24:19,959 --> 00:24:21,875
Once the Northern Alliance
is ready
494
00:24:21,959 --> 00:24:24,959
and they go into Kabul,
we want you and your team
495
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:26,290
to go in with them
496
00:24:26,375 --> 00:24:28,834
and capture bin Laden
and his lieutenants.
497
00:24:30,416 --> 00:24:33,083
Then what I want you to do is,
when you capture those guys,
498
00:24:33,165 --> 00:24:35,791
I want you to cut
their heads off,
499
00:24:35,875 --> 00:24:38,875
and the lieutenants, I want you
to put their heads on pikes
500
00:24:38,959 --> 00:24:40,083
and display them
and photograph them,
501
00:24:40,165 --> 00:24:43,375
and bin Laden,
I want you to take his head
502
00:24:43,458 --> 00:24:46,375
and put it on dry ice
in a box and ship it back,
503
00:24:46,458 --> 00:24:48,875
so I'm gonna take it
to the president to see."
504
00:24:48,959 --> 00:24:50,709
So I look at the deputy.
505
00:24:50,791 --> 00:24:53,916
He looks at me,
and I-I'm saying,
506
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,458
"Is this guy serious?"
507
00:24:56,541 --> 00:25:01,541
I said, "Okay, maybe we could
cut off their heads.
508
00:25:01,625 --> 00:25:02,666
Maybe. I don't know."
509
00:25:02,750 --> 00:25:04,541
I said, "I doubt it,
but maybe we could."
510
00:25:04,625 --> 00:25:08,541
I said, "And we can certainly
make pikes out in the field.
511
00:25:08,625 --> 00:25:09,916
You know, that's not hard."
512
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,583
I said, "But where
am I gonna find dry ice
513
00:25:11,666 --> 00:25:12,791
in Afghanistan?"
514
00:25:12,875 --> 00:25:17,750
♪♪♪
515
00:25:17,834 --> 00:25:18,959
[Coll]
Vice President Cheney
516
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,750
said fairly soon
after the attacks,
517
00:25:21,834 --> 00:25:23,333
"We're gonna go over
to the dark side."
518
00:25:23,416 --> 00:25:25,416
And, historically,
when presidents have wanted
519
00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:29,750
to go over to the dark side,
they've asked the CIA to do it.
520
00:25:31,541 --> 00:25:32,709
[Cheney] A lot of what needs
to be done here
521
00:25:32,791 --> 00:25:36,583
will have to be done quietly
without any discussion,
522
00:25:36,666 --> 00:25:38,416
using sources and methods, uh,
523
00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:40,208
that are available
to our intelligence agencies.
524
00:25:51,583 --> 00:25:54,416
[Gossman] The first trip
I took was in 1994,
525
00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:57,000
Human Rights Watch.
526
00:25:57,083 --> 00:25:58,500
The war had continued.
527
00:25:58,583 --> 00:26:00,165
The Soviets had gone,
but the war was continuing,
528
00:26:00,250 --> 00:26:02,875
which was sort of--
came to be the story
529
00:26:02,959 --> 00:26:04,290
over the many years
I went to Afghanistan.
530
00:26:04,375 --> 00:26:07,583
Despite whatever
political changes happened,
531
00:26:07,625 --> 00:26:10,250
the war almost had a life
of its own and continued.
532
00:26:14,666 --> 00:26:19,500
The first boots on the ground
after 9/11 were the CIA,
533
00:26:19,583 --> 00:26:22,750
and very quickly,
they began working with
534
00:26:22,834 --> 00:26:25,875
and bolstering militia groups
to work with,
535
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:29,040
and those groups
were designed,
536
00:26:29,165 --> 00:26:30,750
recruited, and trained
537
00:26:30,834 --> 00:26:35,625
to go after leading al-Qaeda
or Taliban figures.
538
00:26:37,541 --> 00:26:41,583
[Coll] The CIA was transformed
as an institution by 9/11.
539
00:26:42,375 --> 00:26:45,791
Out of that came
the, uh, structure
540
00:26:45,875 --> 00:26:47,583
that is now notorious...
541
00:26:47,666 --> 00:26:52,208
the black sites, the enhanced
interrogation techniques,
542
00:26:52,290 --> 00:26:55,750
the waterboarding,
and the rest.
543
00:26:55,834 --> 00:26:58,709
When I joined
the agency in the 1980s,
544
00:26:58,791 --> 00:27:02,250
only the bad guys
used those techniques on us.
545
00:27:02,333 --> 00:27:03,666
Unlike the FBI,
546
00:27:03,750 --> 00:27:08,625
the agency really did not have
any skill in interrogation,
547
00:27:08,709 --> 00:27:11,500
especially
hostile interrogation.
548
00:27:11,583 --> 00:27:12,333
That was something new.
549
00:27:14,709 --> 00:27:16,040
[Martin]
I can honestly say
550
00:27:16,125 --> 00:27:18,000
I know what attacks
were stopped.
551
00:27:18,083 --> 00:27:20,916
I know how hard
the folks worked,
552
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:22,750
and I also know
they weren't emotional.
553
00:27:22,834 --> 00:27:25,666
People weren't having fun
waterboarding people.
554
00:27:25,750 --> 00:27:27,040
[Maddox]
I would never say
555
00:27:27,125 --> 00:27:29,625
that I am in support
of torture
556
00:27:29,709 --> 00:27:32,165
or anything in that regard,
557
00:27:32,250 --> 00:27:36,040
but there was definitely
a push technically
558
00:27:36,125 --> 00:27:37,500
and in human intelligence
559
00:27:37,583 --> 00:27:40,250
to get as much information
as possible,
560
00:27:40,333 --> 00:27:42,416
and you have
to put yourself back
561
00:27:42,500 --> 00:27:45,333
in that particular time
in history.
562
00:27:51,250 --> 00:27:51,959
When I think about...
563
00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:54,290
when I think about the kids
564
00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,208
and the-and the-and the-
and the women and children
565
00:27:56,290 --> 00:27:59,040
and good Americans
who are still alive
566
00:27:59,125 --> 00:28:00,000
because of what we did,
you know what I say?
567
00:28:00,083 --> 00:28:03,375
I say, "Fuck history.
568
00:28:03,458 --> 00:28:04,458
Fuck history."
569
00:28:04,541 --> 00:28:09,834
As far as that program,
I slept good at night.
570
00:28:09,916 --> 00:28:11,040
[Gossman]
I did a briefing on it
571
00:28:11,125 --> 00:28:12,709
for all the ambassadors
in Kabul,
572
00:28:12,791 --> 00:28:15,250
and I had said
573
00:28:15,333 --> 00:28:17,500
that the torture
that had been described
574
00:28:17,583 --> 00:28:20,750
by people who had investigated
the secret detentions,
575
00:28:20,834 --> 00:28:23,875
the salt pit, the case
of people being left out,
576
00:28:23,959 --> 00:28:26,208
dying of hypothermia,
and the rest of it,
577
00:28:26,290 --> 00:28:29,709
these kinds of torture
and secret detentions
578
00:28:29,791 --> 00:28:31,583
had been known
in the Soviet times.
579
00:28:31,666 --> 00:28:35,083
It was shocking for them
to be coming up again
580
00:28:35,165 --> 00:28:36,709
in post-2001 Afghanistan.
581
00:28:37,625 --> 00:28:40,666
The Americans didn't
come to the briefing,
582
00:28:40,750 --> 00:28:42,666
but they came
immediately afterwards
583
00:28:42,750 --> 00:28:44,250
and wanted to see me.
584
00:28:44,333 --> 00:28:45,083
When I was approached
by one of them,
585
00:28:45,165 --> 00:28:50,500
he was so angry,
he was shaking.
586
00:28:50,583 --> 00:28:54,750
The very fact I dared
compare those abuses
587
00:28:54,834 --> 00:28:56,000
to what had happened
with the Soviets
588
00:28:56,083 --> 00:28:58,959
had infuriated him,
589
00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,583
and I'm just like--
that's what infuriated him,
590
00:29:01,666 --> 00:29:03,458
not the fact
that they happened
591
00:29:03,541 --> 00:29:06,333
but that I had made
a comparison with the Soviets.
592
00:29:07,333 --> 00:29:10,916
The way the-that war
has been fought,
593
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:12,916
the counterterrorism war,
594
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,000
it's largely shaped
where we are today.
595
00:29:16,083 --> 00:29:19,290
It was always the CIA's war.
596
00:29:19,375 --> 00:29:21,834
It was in the '80s, the '90s,
and it was after 2001.
597
00:29:21,916 --> 00:29:27,666
♪♪♪
598
00:29:27,750 --> 00:29:29,000
[Bernsten] We enter Kabul.
It's 12 November.
599
00:29:29,083 --> 00:29:31,625
I know bin Laden's fled.
600
00:29:31,709 --> 00:29:33,500
Watch bin Laden move south,
601
00:29:33,583 --> 00:29:35,333
which was down to Tora Bora,
602
00:29:35,416 --> 00:29:37,208
and then pursued right away.
603
00:29:38,208 --> 00:29:41,083
Tora Bora is a very remote
mountainous part of Afghanistan
604
00:29:41,165 --> 00:29:42,791
on the border with Pakistan.
605
00:29:42,875 --> 00:29:43,959
It's an area
that he knew very well.
606
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,709
He'd been going through
that area during the '80s,
607
00:29:46,791 --> 00:29:48,040
fighting the Soviets.
608
00:29:48,125 --> 00:29:49,458
It's an area--
he liked being there.
609
00:29:49,541 --> 00:29:52,333
He, uh--he had, like,
a vacation home there,
610
00:29:52,416 --> 00:29:55,583
which wouldn't be my
first choice of vacation spot.
611
00:29:55,666 --> 00:29:56,875
[Bernsten]
We knew that bin Laden
612
00:29:56,959 --> 00:29:58,750
was moving with a group
of about 1,000 people.
613
00:29:58,834 --> 00:30:00,583
Right away they said, "Okay,
we're gonna go pursue him."
614
00:30:00,666 --> 00:30:03,834
I said, "Do it. Send them in."
We go up.
615
00:30:03,916 --> 00:30:06,834
They get up on top
of a promontory mountain piece,
616
00:30:06,916 --> 00:30:08,165
and then down below,
617
00:30:08,250 --> 00:30:09,125
there's bin Laden
and his huge element.
618
00:30:09,208 --> 00:30:10,709
Our team had a SOFLAM,
619
00:30:10,791 --> 00:30:14,791
Special Operations Forces
Laser Acquisition Mechanism,
620
00:30:14,875 --> 00:30:16,208
which allowed them to target
621
00:30:16,290 --> 00:30:19,000
and do 56 hours of air strikes
622
00:30:19,083 --> 00:30:22,250
and just hammer them.
623
00:30:23,750 --> 00:30:26,500
We bombed the bejesus
out of the place.
624
00:30:26,583 --> 00:30:27,290
[Bernsten] We destroyed
most of their gear,
625
00:30:27,375 --> 00:30:29,458
their radios, their vehicles.
626
00:30:29,541 --> 00:30:31,666
They had tanks.
They had all sorts of stuff.
627
00:30:31,750 --> 00:30:33,875
They were trying
to get up into position.
628
00:30:33,959 --> 00:30:36,083
We wrecked it all on the ground
before they could get up there
629
00:30:36,165 --> 00:30:37,666
and killed a bunch of them.
630
00:30:37,750 --> 00:30:40,083
Bin Laden wrote his will
at Tora Bora.
631
00:30:40,165 --> 00:30:42,625
He thought he was gonna die.
632
00:30:42,709 --> 00:30:44,541
He thought this was the end.
633
00:30:44,625 --> 00:30:49,040
♪♪♪
634
00:30:49,125 --> 00:30:50,709
But it wasn't.
635
00:30:50,791 --> 00:30:53,666
♪♪♪
636
00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:55,709
[Bernsten] So, after our guys
go up, do the bombing,
637
00:30:55,791 --> 00:30:58,333
the initial bombing,
that first four guys come out,
638
00:30:58,416 --> 00:31:00,290
and one of those guys had been
a former Delta Force guy,
639
00:31:00,375 --> 00:31:03,959
have him brought right back.
640
00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:05,333
He's the one
that says to me, "Gary,
641
00:31:05,416 --> 00:31:08,208
we are going to need
U.S. forces."
642
00:31:08,290 --> 00:31:11,208
♪♪♪
643
00:31:11,290 --> 00:31:14,541
[Bergen]
The CIA requested 800 Rangers,
644
00:31:14,625 --> 00:31:16,916
but that request was
turned down by the U.S. Army.
645
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,290
♪♪♪
646
00:31:19,375 --> 00:31:22,083
What Gary Brunson
was arguing for, I think,
647
00:31:22,165 --> 00:31:24,916
were very large numbers
of troops, uh,
648
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:26,250
to go into the valleys,
649
00:31:26,333 --> 00:31:28,458
and, frankly, I-I thought that
much of what he was advocating
650
00:31:28,541 --> 00:31:31,500
at the time
was not gonna be effective.
651
00:31:31,583 --> 00:31:34,125
Gary probably had a little bit
more enthusiasm than judgment.
652
00:31:34,208 --> 00:31:36,000
♪♪♪
653
00:31:36,083 --> 00:31:39,583
That's bullshit.
654
00:31:39,666 --> 00:31:41,750
They weren't accustomed
to having to make decisions
655
00:31:41,834 --> 00:31:44,165
as rapidly as I was forcing
656
00:31:44,250 --> 00:31:46,750
because I knew the enemy
was going to escape.
657
00:31:46,834 --> 00:31:48,250
I didn't have a choice.
658
00:31:48,333 --> 00:31:52,416
♪♪♪
659
00:31:52,500 --> 00:31:54,916
On the 16th of December,
660
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:59,000
bin Laden and his-his-his guys
left the mountains.
661
00:31:59,083 --> 00:32:02,000
♪♪♪
662
00:32:02,083 --> 00:32:04,709
They just walked across
into Pakistan.
663
00:32:04,791 --> 00:32:06,709
They got on motorcycles
and just headed out,
664
00:32:06,791 --> 00:32:11,290
and it took us all those years
later before we found him.
665
00:32:11,375 --> 00:32:15,541
♪♪♪
666
00:32:21,458 --> 00:32:25,040
We were building the country.
667
00:32:25,125 --> 00:32:27,666
We were training
the Afghan military.
668
00:32:27,750 --> 00:32:29,791
We were paying
for building of facilities
669
00:32:29,875 --> 00:32:31,500
with the U.S. military.
670
00:32:31,583 --> 00:32:33,040
We had turned it over
to State Department and say,
671
00:32:33,125 --> 00:32:34,834
"Okay,
now you build a new nation.
672
00:32:34,916 --> 00:32:37,791
You teach them democracy,
how do they handle elections.
673
00:32:37,875 --> 00:32:40,165
Do all that stuff."
674
00:32:40,250 --> 00:32:41,709
[Rahmani]
As things progressed,
675
00:32:41,791 --> 00:32:44,208
it was a dream come true,
676
00:32:44,290 --> 00:32:45,500
and it was hard to believe
677
00:32:45,583 --> 00:32:49,000
that we had got
a second chance to live.
678
00:32:49,083 --> 00:32:51,834
♪♪♪
679
00:32:51,916 --> 00:32:55,541
That was when I really
explored the country.
680
00:32:55,625 --> 00:32:57,333
That was when I started
681
00:32:57,416 --> 00:33:00,333
not only to travel
to every corner of Kabul
682
00:33:00,416 --> 00:33:03,791
but also to over 15 provinces.
683
00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:06,709
It was a utopia.
684
00:33:09,500 --> 00:33:11,583
[Barker] My first trip
over to Afghanistan
685
00:33:11,666 --> 00:33:14,208
was in January of 2002.
686
00:33:15,416 --> 00:33:17,625
There's a reason that most
of the, like, correspondents
687
00:33:17,709 --> 00:33:21,834
that came up
during that time were women.
688
00:33:21,916 --> 00:33:22,709
Men had a very hard time,
689
00:33:22,791 --> 00:33:25,125
particularly
in the early days,
690
00:33:25,208 --> 00:33:26,375
doing stories about women,
691
00:33:26,458 --> 00:33:28,375
and women were
a fascinating story
692
00:33:28,458 --> 00:33:31,500
and an important story
in Afghanistan.
693
00:33:33,250 --> 00:33:35,500
[Waldman] My first stories
in Afghanistan
694
00:33:35,583 --> 00:33:36,416
were about what life
had been like
695
00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:39,125
for the women under the Taliban
696
00:33:39,208 --> 00:33:41,040
because they were finally able
to speak freely.
697
00:33:41,125 --> 00:33:44,666
♪♪♪
698
00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:47,040
There were women
who had been forcibly married
699
00:33:47,125 --> 00:33:49,290
to the Taliban.
700
00:33:49,375 --> 00:33:52,040
There were teachers
and doctors and young women
701
00:33:52,125 --> 00:33:53,208
who had grown up
702
00:33:53,290 --> 00:33:56,625
during those five years
of not being free at all.
703
00:33:57,959 --> 00:34:02,625
[Barker] As people finally had
access to the outside world,
704
00:34:02,709 --> 00:34:05,750
the culture was changing
before our very eyes.
705
00:34:05,834 --> 00:34:10,750
♪♪♪
706
00:34:13,750 --> 00:34:17,125
[Mohseni] I left Afghanistan
when I was 12.
707
00:34:17,208 --> 00:34:20,750
I had not been to the country
for a very long time.
708
00:34:20,833 --> 00:34:22,750
But the need to come back, uh,
709
00:34:22,833 --> 00:34:24,791
was very strong
for not just me
710
00:34:24,875 --> 00:34:27,416
but for a lot of other Afghans.
711
00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:29,416
I was a banker,
and my brother was a lawyer,
712
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:31,416
and the other brother
was a finance person,
713
00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:34,083
and our sister
was a marketing person.
714
00:34:34,166 --> 00:34:36,875
And in 2002,
715
00:34:36,958 --> 00:34:38,916
we secured
the first private license
716
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:40,833
for a radio station.
717
00:34:42,458 --> 00:34:44,250
[laughter on radio]
718
00:34:44,333 --> 00:34:45,125
[woman]
speaking native language
719
00:34:45,208 --> 00:34:46,458
[laughter]
720
00:34:46,541 --> 00:34:50,791
[indistinct chatter on radio]
721
00:34:50,875 --> 00:34:52,833
♪♪♪
722
00:34:52,916 --> 00:34:55,666
[Mohseni] It was about music.
It was about jokes.
723
00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:59,583
It was men and women
just having a conversation.
724
00:34:59,666 --> 00:35:01,375
♪♪♪
725
00:35:01,458 --> 00:35:06,125
But it's ironic that...
726
00:35:06,208 --> 00:35:08,875
how many people
are enemies of fun.
727
00:35:08,958 --> 00:35:10,291
The conservatives at the time,
728
00:35:10,375 --> 00:35:14,416
they were very suspicious.
729
00:35:14,500 --> 00:35:18,125
We're a bunch of young people
in this house, basically,
730
00:35:18,208 --> 00:35:20,875
no security whatsoever,
731
00:35:20,958 --> 00:35:23,625
and people would literally
knock on our doors and say,
732
00:35:23,708 --> 00:35:24,583
"We hate you guys."
733
00:35:24,666 --> 00:35:28,208
But so the radio
was a success,
734
00:35:28,291 --> 00:35:30,250
and we thought
the natural progression
735
00:35:30,333 --> 00:35:33,166
would be to launch
a television station.
736
00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:36,250
[man]
speaking native language
737
00:35:37,416 --> 00:35:40,666
speaking native language
738
00:35:43,416 --> 00:35:45,708
[Mohseni] We saw the good news
on day one,
739
00:35:45,791 --> 00:35:47,875
and we came up
with all sorts of programs
740
00:35:47,958 --> 00:35:49,500
that we could produce quickly.
741
00:35:49,583 --> 00:35:51,666
[applause]
742
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:55,250
And then we started
to do really big stuff,
743
00:35:55,333 --> 00:35:57,500
like the Idol format
with Afghan Star.
744
00:35:57,583 --> 00:36:01,541
♪ upbeat rock music ♪
745
00:36:01,625 --> 00:36:05,500
singing in native language
746
00:36:05,583 --> 00:36:09,666
speaking native language
747
00:36:11,125 --> 00:36:12,375
[Mohseni]
When we first launched,
748
00:36:12,458 --> 00:36:14,083
this whole idea
of voting for a winner,
749
00:36:14,166 --> 00:36:17,708
they couldn't believe that we
would stick to our principles
750
00:36:17,791 --> 00:36:21,458
in terms of, like, counting
people's text messages.
751
00:36:22,625 --> 00:36:24,458
But what was extraordinary
752
00:36:24,541 --> 00:36:26,416
was how quickly
people accepted it.
753
00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:29,208
[cheers and applause]
754
00:36:29,291 --> 00:36:31,041
That's what's interesting
with the media.
755
00:36:31,125 --> 00:36:33,875
We just give people sort of
a glimpse of what's possible.
756
00:36:37,458 --> 00:36:39,458
[woman]
This weekend in Afghanistan,
757
00:36:39,541 --> 00:36:41,708
the voice of the people
was finally heard.
758
00:36:41,791 --> 00:36:44,541
[woman] Precious ballots
from Afghanistan's
759
00:36:44,625 --> 00:36:46,916
only presidential
election in 5,000 years
760
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,375
poured into counting centers
around the country.
761
00:36:50,458 --> 00:36:52,375
[indistinct chatter]
762
00:36:52,458 --> 00:36:53,458
[Bergen] There hasn't been
a presidential election
763
00:36:53,541 --> 00:36:56,208
in the United States
since 1900 where 70 percent
764
00:36:56,291 --> 00:36:59,416
of the population
able to vote voted.
765
00:36:59,500 --> 00:37:00,916
♪ soft music ♪
766
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,750
[Constable] I went
to villages and schools
767
00:37:03,833 --> 00:37:05,041
where people were voting,
768
00:37:05,125 --> 00:37:09,125
and the feeling in those rooms
769
00:37:09,208 --> 00:37:12,791
was one of pride and hope
770
00:37:12,833 --> 00:37:17,750
and belief that things
were getting better
771
00:37:17,791 --> 00:37:21,458
and that the system
that was being created
772
00:37:21,500 --> 00:37:22,250
would help the country.
773
00:37:22,333 --> 00:37:25,875
[applause]
774
00:37:25,958 --> 00:37:29,000
[Karzai] The Afghan people,
by coming out and voting,
775
00:37:29,083 --> 00:37:31,375
have given the last
776
00:37:31,500 --> 00:37:34,833
defeat to terrorism.
777
00:37:35,625 --> 00:37:36,750
[Cheney]
The tyranny is gone,
778
00:37:36,791 --> 00:37:39,875
the terrorist enemy
is scattered,
779
00:37:39,958 --> 00:37:42,916
and the people
of Afghanistan are free.
780
00:37:44,500 --> 00:37:46,666
[Schroen] I thought,
"If things keep on like this,
781
00:37:46,791 --> 00:37:50,500
we can win this
in a couple of years."
782
00:37:50,625 --> 00:37:55,791
♪♪♪
783
00:38:04,083 --> 00:38:05,625
[McRaven]
All the books you see here
784
00:38:05,708 --> 00:38:07,500
are about
special operations missions,
785
00:38:07,583 --> 00:38:09,416
and they don't always go well.
786
00:38:09,500 --> 00:38:11,208
Uh, you know, when I think
about Desert One,
787
00:38:11,291 --> 00:38:12,250
it didn't go well.
788
00:38:12,333 --> 00:38:13,750
When I think about
a lot of these, uh, books
789
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:14,583
that are here
on World War II missions,
790
00:38:14,666 --> 00:38:16,958
they didn't go well.
791
00:38:17,041 --> 00:38:21,041
So I actually drew
on a lot of the lessons
792
00:38:21,125 --> 00:38:23,625
because I wanted to make sure
whatever plan
793
00:38:23,708 --> 00:38:27,541
that I constructed for
the mission took into account,
794
00:38:27,625 --> 00:38:30,166
you know, the successes
and why we were successful
795
00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:30,958
and-and, frankly, the failures
796
00:38:31,041 --> 00:38:33,625
and how we avoid
those failures.
797
00:38:37,583 --> 00:38:39,041
I was sent overseas to run
798
00:38:39,125 --> 00:38:42,500
the Special Operations
Task Force in Afghanistan,
799
00:38:42,583 --> 00:38:44,208
and from a military
standpoint,
800
00:38:44,291 --> 00:38:47,833
Afghanistan appeared to be
kind of in a caretaker status.
801
00:38:47,958 --> 00:38:49,291
Please.
802
00:38:49,375 --> 00:38:52,875
We clearly have moved
to a period of stability
803
00:38:52,958 --> 00:38:55,916
and stabilization
and reconstruction.
804
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,916
[McRaven] So we shifted
our focus in 2003
805
00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:02,083
as we began
the invasion of Iraq.
806
00:39:02,166 --> 00:39:03,750
[mortar fires]
807
00:39:03,833 --> 00:39:05,125
- [man] Jesus!
- [man 2] Whoo!
808
00:39:08,500 --> 00:39:13,041
[Martin]
Big tanks, big toys,
809
00:39:13,125 --> 00:39:15,708
that was the new war,
810
00:39:15,791 --> 00:39:17,791
and our allies
became confused at,
811
00:39:17,875 --> 00:39:19,916
what were
our real objectives?
812
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:23,958
We will stay on task until
we've achieved our objective,
813
00:39:24,041 --> 00:39:27,666
which is to rid Iraq
of weapons of mass destruction.
814
00:39:27,750 --> 00:39:29,333
"What?
815
00:39:29,416 --> 00:39:31,333
They haven't hurt you.
Saddam hasn't hurt you.
816
00:39:31,416 --> 00:39:36,541
He doesn't like al-Qaeda.
There's not al-Qaeda in Iraq."
817
00:39:36,666 --> 00:39:38,708
[man]
Whoa!
818
00:39:38,791 --> 00:39:40,375
[Grenier] I was called
into a meeting
819
00:39:40,458 --> 00:39:41,208
with the CIA director,
820
00:39:41,291 --> 00:39:43,291
and he told me
that he wanted me
821
00:39:43,375 --> 00:39:45,166
to head up the CIA effort
in Iraq.
822
00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:49,500
And the most, uh,
experienced senior officers
823
00:39:49,583 --> 00:39:51,625
who were in a position,
you know, to deal
824
00:39:51,708 --> 00:39:53,291
at a political level, uh,
825
00:39:53,375 --> 00:39:55,791
very quickly left, uh,
the Afghan theater.
826
00:39:55,875 --> 00:39:57,625
We're worried about terrorism,
and next thing, we wake up,
827
00:39:57,708 --> 00:40:00,750
and-and resources are gone.
828
00:40:00,833 --> 00:40:05,583
♪ dramatic music ♪
829
00:40:05,666 --> 00:40:06,875
[Kilcullen] When I was
in the State Department
830
00:40:06,958 --> 00:40:08,291
Counterterrorism Bureau,
831
00:40:08,375 --> 00:40:12,000
the most important resource
that was in short supply
832
00:40:12,083 --> 00:40:15,625
was policy-maker attention,
833
00:40:15,708 --> 00:40:16,625
and I said,
"We actually have to focus
834
00:40:16,708 --> 00:40:19,833
on local-level governance,
835
00:40:19,916 --> 00:40:21,958
reforming the Afghan
corruption system,
836
00:40:22,041 --> 00:40:24,833
and giving the Afghan military
837
00:40:24,916 --> 00:40:28,416
a series of really basic
capabilities,"
838
00:40:28,500 --> 00:40:32,791
because by that point, we were
so sucked into the war in Iraq
839
00:40:32,875 --> 00:40:36,291
that we just didn't have
the bandwidth to deal with it.
840
00:40:36,375 --> 00:40:37,958
[man]
yelling in native language
841
00:40:38,041 --> 00:40:41,250
[Kilcullen]
And the Taliban in Pakistan
842
00:40:41,333 --> 00:40:44,083
and their cell groups
in Afghanistan
843
00:40:44,166 --> 00:40:45,833
began to exploit that.
844
00:40:45,916 --> 00:40:50,083
♪♪♪
845
00:40:59,250 --> 00:41:02,208
I, uh, was involved
in some of the early,
846
00:41:02,291 --> 00:41:05,583
early stages of talking
with the Taliban
847
00:41:05,666 --> 00:41:09,708
about how to ensure that they
didn't join an insurgency.
848
00:41:09,791 --> 00:41:10,708
They actually found
some way of reconciling
849
00:41:10,791 --> 00:41:13,500
with the new regime.
850
00:41:13,583 --> 00:41:14,500
I mean, it happened, like,
in my sitting room
851
00:41:14,583 --> 00:41:17,041
in, you know, the house
in Islamabad, um,
852
00:41:17,125 --> 00:41:18,250
you know, friendly discussions.
853
00:41:22,166 --> 00:41:25,458
[men]
speaking native language
854
00:41:26,500 --> 00:41:29,208
[Semple] My ability
to talk with Taliban today
855
00:41:29,291 --> 00:41:32,833
is based upon actions
which I have taken every day
856
00:41:32,916 --> 00:41:36,375
since I crossed
over the border in '89.
857
00:41:36,458 --> 00:41:38,291
They can check my reputation,
858
00:41:38,375 --> 00:41:40,208
work out how discreet I am,
859
00:41:40,291 --> 00:41:42,958
and reckon
if I am duplicitous,
860
00:41:43,041 --> 00:41:44,500
and I'm sort of, like,
doing the same
861
00:41:44,583 --> 00:41:45,375
when I'm talking with them,
862
00:41:45,458 --> 00:41:47,541
because, um,
one w-one way or another,
863
00:41:47,625 --> 00:41:51,000
both sides of the relationship
have got to trust each other
864
00:41:51,083 --> 00:41:52,750
to be able to-to go forward.
865
00:41:52,833 --> 00:41:55,750
♪♪♪
866
00:41:55,833 --> 00:41:58,083
In the wake of 9/11,
867
00:41:58,166 --> 00:42:02,375
the Taliban leadership
wanted surrender terms
868
00:42:02,458 --> 00:42:05,875
to live respectably
in their homes,
869
00:42:05,958 --> 00:42:08,125
recognizing the authority
of the new government
870
00:42:08,208 --> 00:42:11,458
which had been imposed
by the Americans.
871
00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:17,166
Those terms were available.
They were torn up.
872
00:42:18,666 --> 00:42:22,333
Instead we got increasingly
stories of Taliban
873
00:42:22,375 --> 00:42:24,833
who'd tried to go home to
their villages in Afghanistan
874
00:42:24,916 --> 00:42:27,375
either getting arrested
or giving up,
875
00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:28,625
crossing the border,
876
00:42:28,708 --> 00:42:30,333
going over to-to Pakistan
877
00:42:30,375 --> 00:42:32,166
ready for the next chapter.
878
00:42:32,208 --> 00:42:36,750
♪♪♪
879
00:42:36,833 --> 00:42:41,416
The Taliban start to reform
the organization, uh,
880
00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:45,000
saying that, "We have been
excluded from this new setup.
881
00:42:45,083 --> 00:42:46,541
We're gonna have
another go."
882
00:42:46,625 --> 00:42:49,375
[man]
Tonight Frontline reports
883
00:42:49,458 --> 00:42:52,625
on the return of the Taliban.
884
00:42:52,708 --> 00:42:55,625
[gunfire]
885
00:42:55,708 --> 00:43:00,083
♪♪♪
886
00:43:00,166 --> 00:43:01,125
There's some, uh,
ICOM chatter saying
887
00:43:01,208 --> 00:43:04,833
that the Taliban
are looking at us right now.
888
00:43:06,333 --> 00:43:08,666
[alarm blaring]
889
00:43:08,750 --> 00:43:11,666
♪ somber music ♪
890
00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:14,958
♪♪♪
891
00:43:15,041 --> 00:43:17,291
[man]
speaking native language
892
00:43:23,666 --> 00:43:26,625
[man]
speaking native language
893
00:43:27,750 --> 00:43:33,666
♪♪♪
894
00:43:44,333 --> 00:43:45,166
[Waldman]
For Americans,
895
00:43:45,250 --> 00:43:50,000
the original story
of this long war
896
00:43:50,083 --> 00:43:52,916
was we were saviors.
897
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,833
♪♪♪
898
00:43:56,916 --> 00:44:00,333
We had gone in
and done a good thing...
899
00:44:00,416 --> 00:44:05,541
and people were ecstatic
to be free again.
900
00:44:07,125 --> 00:44:10,416
But the reality is,
I don't think
901
00:44:10,500 --> 00:44:14,833
it was ever as clean
as we wanted to believe.
902
00:44:14,916 --> 00:44:18,750
♪♪♪
903
00:44:18,833 --> 00:44:21,416
[Barker] The first inflection
point that I noticed
904
00:44:21,500 --> 00:44:23,125
happened in May 2006
905
00:44:23,208 --> 00:44:27,041
when a U.S. military convoy
crashed into a crowd of people,
906
00:44:27,125 --> 00:44:29,583
and they killed
about 14 people.
907
00:44:29,666 --> 00:44:31,583
[crowd yelling]
908
00:44:31,666 --> 00:44:37,583
♪♪♪
909
00:44:46,250 --> 00:44:48,333
[gunfire]
910
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:55,958
speaking native language
911
00:45:00,250 --> 00:45:04,458
♪♪♪
912
00:45:04,541 --> 00:45:08,541
[crowd yelling]
913
00:45:08,625 --> 00:45:10,208
[Constable]
People in these crowds
914
00:45:10,291 --> 00:45:14,875
were shouting
angry anti-American slogans,
915
00:45:14,958 --> 00:45:16,458
and I went, "What?
916
00:45:16,541 --> 00:45:17,958
What has happened here?"
917
00:45:18,041 --> 00:45:22,250
♪♪♪
918
00:45:22,333 --> 00:45:24,750
That was the first time
I realized
919
00:45:24,833 --> 00:45:26,500
that there was
as much resentment
920
00:45:26,583 --> 00:45:28,416
against
the international presence
921
00:45:28,500 --> 00:45:30,750
as there was
gratitude or hope.
922
00:45:30,833 --> 00:45:36,000
♪♪♪
923
00:45:37,500 --> 00:45:39,583
[Barker] There was
this building resentment
924
00:45:39,666 --> 00:45:41,916
that Afghans had
against corruption
925
00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:44,500
and civilian casualties,
926
00:45:44,583 --> 00:45:48,083
and both of those could be
tied directly back to America.
927
00:45:48,166 --> 00:45:50,083
We were pouring in
so much money
928
00:45:50,166 --> 00:45:51,833
that corruption
was all but inevitable
929
00:45:51,916 --> 00:45:53,375
with no checks and balances,
930
00:45:53,458 --> 00:45:55,250
and then
with civilian casualties,
931
00:45:55,333 --> 00:45:57,333
let's just say any
civilian casualty in general,
932
00:45:57,416 --> 00:45:59,791
the Taliban
would immediately put out
933
00:45:59,875 --> 00:46:01,291
press releases locally
saying,
934
00:46:01,375 --> 00:46:04,000
"This is America
doing this to you."
935
00:46:05,833 --> 00:46:08,000
They'd make up things,
and it was very effective.
936
00:46:08,083 --> 00:46:09,666
[crowd yelling]
937
00:46:09,750 --> 00:46:13,625
[gunfire]
938
00:46:15,291 --> 00:46:17,291
[woman] Well, today's riots
showing just how fragile
939
00:46:17,375 --> 00:46:19,458
our relationship is
with Afghanistan,
940
00:46:19,541 --> 00:46:21,625
a key player
in the War on Terror.
941
00:46:21,708 --> 00:46:24,458
Now, is it just a small group
of troublemakers at work here,
942
00:46:24,541 --> 00:46:27,625
or are the Afghan people
simply ungrateful?
943
00:46:27,708 --> 00:46:30,500
♪♪♪
944
00:46:30,583 --> 00:46:33,375
[Constable] Afghans have
this streak of defiance
945
00:46:33,458 --> 00:46:36,833
against the world
because of history.
946
00:46:38,083 --> 00:46:39,833
There was the Russians
and the fact
947
00:46:39,916 --> 00:46:43,458
that the Americans had
abandoned Afghanistan before.
948
00:46:44,583 --> 00:46:48,333
There's always in the back
of the minds of Afghans
949
00:46:48,416 --> 00:46:50,750
that-that suspicion
of ulterior motives.
950
00:46:50,833 --> 00:46:54,375
♪♪♪
951
00:46:54,458 --> 00:46:58,041
[Saleh]
United States got distracted,
952
00:46:58,125 --> 00:46:59,625
and they wanted to show
953
00:46:59,708 --> 00:47:03,291
that Afghanistan was still
this good story working
954
00:47:03,375 --> 00:47:05,583
and it is rosy,
955
00:47:05,666 --> 00:47:07,500
and they were not...
956
00:47:07,583 --> 00:47:10,500
they were not listening
to us, you know?
957
00:47:10,583 --> 00:47:12,791
♪♪♪
958
00:47:12,875 --> 00:47:14,250
[Grenier]
I had great misgivings
959
00:47:14,333 --> 00:47:18,041
because I felt that the CIA
960
00:47:18,125 --> 00:47:19,541
needed to stay engaged
961
00:47:19,625 --> 00:47:22,041
with key political players
inside Afghanistan,
962
00:47:22,125 --> 00:47:24,916
but I could see very quickly
963
00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:28,375
that there was very little
appetite, uh, for doing that.
964
00:47:28,458 --> 00:47:31,166
It's not that we didn't know
Afghanistan
965
00:47:31,250 --> 00:47:32,625
was going badly after that.
966
00:47:32,708 --> 00:47:35,708
We did, but we couldn't
do anything about it,
967
00:47:35,791 --> 00:47:39,208
because by the time
Iraq started to go bad,
968
00:47:39,291 --> 00:47:40,416
Afghanistan
was also going bad,
969
00:47:40,500 --> 00:47:42,458
and we were caught in a war
in two fronts
970
00:47:42,541 --> 00:47:45,875
without the resources
to deal with both.
971
00:47:45,958 --> 00:47:51,125
♪♪♪
972
00:47:56,833 --> 00:47:59,041
[George W. Bush] America's
men and women in uniform
973
00:47:59,125 --> 00:48:02,375
took away al-Qaeda's safe haven
in Afghanistan,
974
00:48:02,458 --> 00:48:05,625
and we will not allow them
to reestablish it in Iraq.
975
00:48:05,708 --> 00:48:07,416
So I have committed
more than 20,000
976
00:48:07,500 --> 00:48:09,666
additional American troops
to Iraq.
977
00:48:09,750 --> 00:48:11,458
The agreement
lays out a framework
978
00:48:11,541 --> 00:48:13,250
for the withdrawal
of American forces in Iraq,
979
00:48:13,333 --> 00:48:16,125
a withdrawal that is possible
980
00:48:16,208 --> 00:48:18,250
because of the success
of the surge.
981
00:48:18,333 --> 00:48:20,625
[man]
yelling in foreign language
982
00:48:24,291 --> 00:48:27,250
[man] While Iraq has dominated
the headlines,
983
00:48:27,333 --> 00:48:28,875
the less-publicized fight
in Afghanistan
984
00:48:28,958 --> 00:48:31,500
has intensified.
985
00:48:32,291 --> 00:48:35,541
[Obama] My fellow citizens,
our nation is at war
986
00:48:35,625 --> 00:48:39,333
against a far-reaching network
of violence and hatred,
987
00:48:39,416 --> 00:48:41,791
and for those who seek
to advance their aims
988
00:48:41,875 --> 00:48:45,125
by inducing terror
and slaughtering innocents,
989
00:48:45,208 --> 00:48:48,375
you cannot outlast us,
and we will defeat you.
990
00:48:48,458 --> 00:48:49,708
[cheers and applause]
991
00:48:49,791 --> 00:48:51,041
For six years,
Afghanistan has been denied
992
00:48:51,125 --> 00:48:54,708
the resources that it demands
because of the war in Iraq.
993
00:48:54,791 --> 00:48:56,625
It is in our vital
national interest
994
00:48:56,708 --> 00:49:00,458
to send an additional 30,000
U.S. troops to Afghanistan.
995
00:49:00,541 --> 00:49:03,125
Well, I think
that in the last year,
996
00:49:03,208 --> 00:49:04,916
we've made a lot of progress.
997
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:06,125
[Petraeus] Two thousand ten
will be a year
998
00:49:06,208 --> 00:49:07,625
that will see progress
999
00:49:07,708 --> 00:49:09,708
and a reversal
of Taliban momentum.
1000
00:49:09,791 --> 00:49:10,416
[woman] Well, the financial
and human cost
1001
00:49:10,500 --> 00:49:12,625
of the War in Afghanistan
1002
00:49:12,708 --> 00:49:15,333
has gone up every year
over the past five years,
1003
00:49:15,416 --> 00:49:16,666
more than 1,600 U.S. troops.
1004
00:49:16,750 --> 00:49:20,500
This past year in Afghanistan
was the deadliest yet
1005
00:49:20,625 --> 00:49:22,250
for American troops.
1006
00:49:22,333 --> 00:49:23,833
[Petraeus] Momentum achieved
by the Taliban in Afghanistan
1007
00:49:23,916 --> 00:49:29,166
since 2005 has been arrested
in much of the country.
1008
00:49:29,250 --> 00:49:30,666
I wish I could tell you
that this war was simple,
1009
00:49:30,750 --> 00:49:32,833
but that's not the way
of counterinsurgencies.
1010
00:49:32,916 --> 00:49:36,541
They are fraught with both
successes and setbacks,
1011
00:49:36,625 --> 00:49:38,708
which can exist
in the same space
1012
00:49:38,791 --> 00:49:39,625
and in the same time,
1013
00:49:39,708 --> 00:49:43,666
and I believe
the campaign is on track.
1014
00:49:43,750 --> 00:49:46,333
♪♪♪
1015
00:49:46,416 --> 00:49:48,833
[Coll] If you ask the
question, "Why are we here?"
1016
00:49:48,916 --> 00:49:51,833
as President Obama did when
he came into office in 2009,
1017
00:49:51,916 --> 00:49:54,041
"Why are we fighting
in Afghanistan?"
1018
00:49:54,125 --> 00:49:58,291
well, his best experts
gathered and advised him,
1019
00:49:58,375 --> 00:50:00,500
"Sir, we're here
because al-Qaeda
1020
00:50:00,583 --> 00:50:02,750
is still a threat
to the United States.
1021
00:50:02,833 --> 00:50:06,541
Bin Laden's still alive.
We got to finish the job."
1022
00:50:06,625 --> 00:50:08,708
[McRaven] Every year,
there was this sense
1023
00:50:08,791 --> 00:50:11,166
that if we did X, Y, and Z,
1024
00:50:11,250 --> 00:50:13,333
maybe we could finish up
the war.
1025
00:50:13,416 --> 00:50:16,375
[Obama] Tonight I can report
to the American people
1026
00:50:16,458 --> 00:50:18,750
and to the world
that the United States
1027
00:50:18,833 --> 00:50:22,708
has conducted an operation
that killed Osama bin Laden,
1028
00:50:22,791 --> 00:50:25,166
the leader of al-Qaeda.
1029
00:50:25,250 --> 00:50:26,208
[McRaven]
And this will go down
1030
00:50:26,291 --> 00:50:27,666
as one of the great missions
1031
00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:30,791
in the history
of the intelligence community.
1032
00:50:31,791 --> 00:50:34,208
As I was planning the mission,
you had to have surprise.
1033
00:50:34,291 --> 00:50:35,916
We had surprise.
You had to have speed.
1034
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:37,250
We're coming in by helicopters.
1035
00:50:37,333 --> 00:50:38,583
And you had to have purpose,
1036
00:50:38,666 --> 00:50:41,458
and God knows these-these, uh,
SEALs and soldiers had purpose.
1037
00:50:41,541 --> 00:50:42,666
They were going after the most
wanted man in the world.
1038
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:48,125
It was about
who we are as Americans.
1039
00:50:48,208 --> 00:50:50,375
This man and his people
had attacked New York
1040
00:50:50,458 --> 00:50:52,250
and Pennsylvania
and Washington, D.C.,
1041
00:50:52,333 --> 00:50:54,458
and we had an obligation
1042
00:50:54,541 --> 00:50:56,125
to spend as long as it took
to bring him to justice.
1043
00:50:56,208 --> 00:50:59,958
♪♪♪
1044
00:51:00,041 --> 00:51:01,291
[Coll]
We did get bin Laden.
1045
00:51:01,375 --> 00:51:03,833
Al-Qaeda is diminished.
1046
00:51:03,916 --> 00:51:05,333
It's scattered.
It's under pressure.
1047
00:51:05,416 --> 00:51:09,041
We have been killing people
with our drones
1048
00:51:09,125 --> 00:51:11,250
for a good while now,
1049
00:51:11,333 --> 00:51:13,583
so why are we still here?
1050
00:51:13,666 --> 00:51:17,791
♪♪♪
1051
00:51:20,208 --> 00:51:23,125
[engine whirring]
1052
00:51:23,208 --> 00:51:29,000
♪♪♪
1053
00:51:29,083 --> 00:51:31,833
As the war in Afghanistan
went on and on,
1054
00:51:31,916 --> 00:51:35,250
the CIA then got into
the secret air war business,
1055
00:51:35,333 --> 00:51:37,333
which is really what
the drone campaign was.
1056
00:51:37,416 --> 00:51:38,916
It was a secret air war
1057
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,791
designed to do
what the United States
1058
00:51:40,875 --> 00:51:44,375
was not prepared to do
through conventional means.
1059
00:51:45,791 --> 00:51:46,750
The CIA was given
charge of that
1060
00:51:46,833 --> 00:51:48,791
because it wasn't
going to be declared.
1061
00:51:48,875 --> 00:51:51,916
It wasn't going to be run
by the Air Force
1062
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,000
or by the special operations
groups at the Pentagon.
1063
00:51:55,083 --> 00:51:58,625
It was, uh, covert,
and so that added to the sense
1064
00:51:58,708 --> 00:52:01,708
that the CIA was--
became an agency at war.
1065
00:52:03,916 --> 00:52:05,416
[Bergen]
It's a new way of war.
1066
00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:06,666
The United States government
wouldn't even acknowledge
1067
00:52:06,750 --> 00:52:08,041
this was really happening,
1068
00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:09,083
and-and when they did
acknowledge it,
1069
00:52:09,166 --> 00:52:10,166
privately they would say,
1070
00:52:10,250 --> 00:52:10,833
"There's
no civilian casualties."
1071
00:52:10,916 --> 00:52:12,333
Well, that wasn't true.
1072
00:52:12,416 --> 00:52:13,416
[man]
In Afghanistan,
1073
00:52:13,500 --> 00:52:15,500
NATO is investing
a U.S. air strike on Thursday
1074
00:52:15,583 --> 00:52:17,000
that may have killed a child
in Helmand Province.
1075
00:52:17,083 --> 00:52:20,458
[Raddatz] Whatever the
benefit of the drone strikes,
1076
00:52:20,541 --> 00:52:22,666
they have created
enormous resentment
1077
00:52:22,750 --> 00:52:24,375
among some here in the region
1078
00:52:24,458 --> 00:52:28,833
who view the strikes as another
sign of American arrogance.
1079
00:52:28,916 --> 00:52:31,291
[Bergen] And you can see,
this is by administration,
1080
00:52:31,375 --> 00:52:32,166
so under George W. Bush,
1081
00:52:32,250 --> 00:52:33,916
there were
relatively limited strikes
1082
00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:34,833
except right at the end
of his second term.
1083
00:52:34,916 --> 00:52:37,666
Then under Obama,
it spikes up hugely.
1084
00:52:37,750 --> 00:52:38,916
So it was really
President Obama
1085
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:41,916
who hammed it up
very dramatically.
1086
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:44,875
You can see the estimated
total number of casualties
1087
00:52:44,958 --> 00:52:48,291
is up to almost as high
as 3,000
1088
00:52:48,375 --> 00:52:51,083
on the outer bounds.
1089
00:52:51,166 --> 00:52:52,041
Myself and my colleagues
at New America
1090
00:52:52,125 --> 00:52:54,250
have been doing this
for about a decade.
1091
00:52:54,333 --> 00:52:56,125
We felt that there was
some data out there,
1092
00:52:56,208 --> 00:52:57,708
print media stories that we
could assemble and sort of say,
1093
00:52:57,791 --> 00:52:59,458
"What's going on?
Who's being killed?
1094
00:52:59,541 --> 00:53:02,125
How many strikes are there?"
1095
00:53:02,208 --> 00:53:05,875
And so we-we began
to kind of collate all this.
1096
00:53:05,958 --> 00:53:09,041
[Martin] When it came
to the Predator,
1097
00:53:09,125 --> 00:53:12,750
we also had our forces
somewhere in the area.
1098
00:53:12,833 --> 00:53:13,875
So there would be a shot,
1099
00:53:13,958 --> 00:53:14,708
and then people
were gonna move in
1100
00:53:14,791 --> 00:53:18,041
to do the sensitive site
collection,
1101
00:53:18,125 --> 00:53:19,583
and then--
so, you know, it was very human
1102
00:53:19,666 --> 00:53:23,041
because you knew
who were down there.
1103
00:53:23,125 --> 00:53:25,875
[Bergen] Afghanistan, I think,
was the early laboratory
1104
00:53:25,958 --> 00:53:30,458
of what this more
paramilitary CIA became,
1105
00:53:30,541 --> 00:53:35,000
so a drone program that went
from surveillance drones
1106
00:53:35,083 --> 00:53:38,791
to actually killing people.
1107
00:53:38,875 --> 00:53:40,541
I would say, actually,
the principal reason the CIA
1108
00:53:40,625 --> 00:53:42,958
is in Afghanistan is,
in a way, the drone program,
1109
00:53:43,041 --> 00:53:47,791
because after 9/11, al-Qaeda
didn't remain in Afghanistan.
1110
00:53:47,875 --> 00:53:49,416
They fled into Pakistan, uh,
1111
00:53:49,500 --> 00:53:51,916
and the Taliban
regrouped there.
1112
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,583
[Martin] If I'm trying
to deploy six or 12 men
1113
00:53:54,666 --> 00:53:56,000
trying to climb up a mountain
1114
00:53:56,083 --> 00:53:58,666
and get this guy
when I can do this easier
1115
00:53:58,750 --> 00:54:02,541
and save our men
and women's lives and--
1116
00:54:02,625 --> 00:54:06,750
I'll go--I'll take the Predator
any day, any day.
1117
00:54:06,833 --> 00:54:11,083
♪♪♪
1118
00:54:11,166 --> 00:54:12,833
[Constable] In the early years
and really even through,
1119
00:54:12,916 --> 00:54:15,583
I would say,
for the first ten years,
1120
00:54:15,666 --> 00:54:18,041
you could travel anywhere.
1121
00:54:18,125 --> 00:54:20,625
The capital was lively.
The capital felt free.
1122
00:54:20,708 --> 00:54:23,458
Girls were going to school.
1123
00:54:23,541 --> 00:54:26,000
Girls were going to college.
1124
00:54:26,083 --> 00:54:28,791
It certainly felt like a place
that was churning with change.
1125
00:54:28,875 --> 00:54:31,458
♪♪♪
1126
00:54:31,541 --> 00:54:34,208
[Musazai] My father told me
about American University,
1127
00:54:34,291 --> 00:54:39,291
and he said, "It's the best
university in Afghanistan."
1128
00:54:40,708 --> 00:54:45,541
He always wanted me
to-to get education...
1129
00:54:46,708 --> 00:54:49,958
...so I joined the university.
1130
00:54:51,958 --> 00:54:53,291
[Sedney]
The vision for people here
1131
00:54:53,375 --> 00:54:56,500
is not a sixth-century
fundamentalist Islamic state.
1132
00:54:56,583 --> 00:54:59,833
It's a 21st-century
advanced country,
1133
00:54:59,916 --> 00:55:00,375
and they want to get there.
1134
00:55:00,458 --> 00:55:02,666
♪♪♪
1135
00:55:02,750 --> 00:55:05,250
We can play a role in that,
1136
00:55:05,333 --> 00:55:08,166
in helping them
achieve their dreams.
1137
00:55:08,250 --> 00:55:10,250
My father never want me
to come to this university
1138
00:55:10,333 --> 00:55:14,750
because of the risks involved
with the name "American" on it,
1139
00:55:14,833 --> 00:55:16,166
and seeing the situation,
1140
00:55:16,250 --> 00:55:20,500
how badly the war is going on
in Afghanistan,
1141
00:55:20,583 --> 00:55:22,750
he never wanted me
to come here.
1142
00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:27,833
But I told him
I have goals in my life,
1143
00:55:27,916 --> 00:55:32,291
and I've already did good
in my high school,
1144
00:55:32,375 --> 00:55:33,958
and I had passion
to get an education.
1145
00:55:36,625 --> 00:55:39,833
[Musazai] I was not worried
about security.
1146
00:55:40,708 --> 00:55:44,333
I had heard
about explosions on news,
1147
00:55:44,416 --> 00:55:48,916
but I had not experienced
something like that.
1148
00:55:49,791 --> 00:55:51,916
[Constable] As the Taliban
insurgency became stronger,
1149
00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:55,166
there was this growing
pattern of attacks
1150
00:55:55,250 --> 00:55:56,583
that began to make
everybody realize
1151
00:55:56,666 --> 00:55:58,125
that the Taliban
really were back
1152
00:55:58,208 --> 00:56:00,958
and really were causing trouble
and really were starting
1153
00:56:01,041 --> 00:56:05,666
to put the brakes
on progress of different kinds.
1154
00:56:06,791 --> 00:56:09,041
Many evenings,
I would go to my favorite bar,
1155
00:56:09,125 --> 00:56:12,208
this Lebanese café,
and I used to go there
1156
00:56:12,291 --> 00:56:15,375
probably at least once a week
for many, many years.
1157
00:56:16,375 --> 00:56:18,916
When you live
and work in a war zone,
1158
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:20,541
you need a place like that.
1159
00:56:20,625 --> 00:56:21,416
You need someplace you can go
1160
00:56:21,500 --> 00:56:23,625
and really feel yourself,
be yourself,
1161
00:56:23,708 --> 00:56:27,875
and that's pretty much
the only place I felt that way.
1162
00:56:29,458 --> 00:56:32,083
And then the Taliban
attacked that café,
1163
00:56:32,166 --> 00:56:37,416
shot dead everyone in it,
including the owner.
1164
00:56:37,500 --> 00:56:38,916
[woman] The scenes
of this restaurant
1165
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:40,375
are really quite incredible--
1166
00:56:40,458 --> 00:56:42,416
people crouched
on top of one-one-one another,
1167
00:56:42,500 --> 00:56:44,916
underneath tables,
1168
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:46,750
gunned down inside there.
1169
00:56:46,833 --> 00:56:48,833
So that seems to have been
what has happened.
1170
00:56:48,916 --> 00:56:51,375
Anybody who was injured
seems to have been likely
1171
00:56:51,458 --> 00:56:53,333
to have been outside
the restaurant,
1172
00:56:53,416 --> 00:56:55,583
potentially in cars
waiting outside
1173
00:56:55,666 --> 00:56:57,583
or about to enter
the restaurant.
1174
00:56:57,666 --> 00:57:00,208
Anybody inside seems unlikely
to have been able
1175
00:57:00,291 --> 00:57:03,375
to escape easily
from the gunmen.
1176
00:57:03,458 --> 00:57:06,625
That's the moment
I sort of thought,
1177
00:57:06,708 --> 00:57:10,000
"What's left here, you know?
Why are we even here?"
1178
00:57:10,083 --> 00:57:14,125
I remember feeling it.
I remember thinking that.
1179
00:57:14,208 --> 00:57:19,041
♪♪♪
1180
00:57:22,250 --> 00:57:25,208
[Maddox] When I had
a temporary assignment
1181
00:57:25,291 --> 00:57:26,750
in Afghanistan,
1182
00:57:26,833 --> 00:57:30,458
I could electrically feel
the dangers around me.
1183
00:57:30,541 --> 00:57:32,291
There we go.
1184
00:57:32,375 --> 00:57:34,791
I've definitely known
people that have died.
1185
00:57:34,875 --> 00:57:36,416
- You want milk?
- No.
1186
00:57:36,500 --> 00:57:38,125
[Maddox, voice breaking]
The night before I left,
1187
00:57:38,208 --> 00:57:39,166
I was sitting
with my younger daughter,
1188
00:57:39,250 --> 00:57:44,958
and she gave me this bracelet
that she made,
1189
00:57:45,041 --> 00:57:47,541
and I promised her
I'd wear it every day
1190
00:57:47,625 --> 00:57:49,875
and every night
that I was away, and I did.
1191
00:57:49,958 --> 00:57:53,375
[sighs]
I never took it off.
1192
00:57:53,458 --> 00:57:57,916
And when I would leave the wire
or go to the less safe
1193
00:57:58,000 --> 00:58:01,291
or secure
and fortified areas...
1194
00:58:01,375 --> 00:58:03,458
I looked down at that bracelet,
1195
00:58:03,541 --> 00:58:06,958
and I would definitely question
what I was doing.
1196
00:58:07,916 --> 00:58:09,291
"Am I a responsible mom?
1197
00:58:12,125 --> 00:58:14,666
Does my work here
really make a difference
1198
00:58:14,791 --> 00:58:17,208
in this seemingly endless war?"
1199
00:58:18,583 --> 00:58:24,500
♪♪♪
1200
00:58:27,291 --> 00:58:31,333
I managed analytic teams
that covered Afghan politics
1201
00:58:31,458 --> 00:58:33,583
and Afghan economics.
1202
00:58:33,625 --> 00:58:38,583
At that time, there was
a U.S.-military narrative
1203
00:58:38,666 --> 00:58:40,625
that things were getting better
in the country
1204
00:58:40,708 --> 00:58:42,916
and that the Taliban
was failing,
1205
00:58:43,000 --> 00:58:46,458
and that was leading to
the discussions of drawdown.
1206
00:58:46,583 --> 00:58:47,333
[Obama]
Two thousand fourteen,
1207
00:58:47,416 --> 00:58:50,041
we have agreed
that this is the year
1208
00:58:50,125 --> 00:58:53,875
we will conclude our
combat mission in Afghanistan.
1209
00:58:55,666 --> 00:58:57,833
But things on the ground
were evolving
1210
00:58:57,916 --> 00:59:00,833
and telling a little bit
of a different story.
1211
00:59:00,916 --> 00:59:03,583
The 2015 takeover of Kunduz,
1212
00:59:03,666 --> 00:59:06,083
that's the first
provincial capital
1213
00:59:06,166 --> 00:59:08,750
the Taliban had taken
since before 2001.
1214
00:59:08,833 --> 00:59:11,208
It was a big deal.
1215
00:59:11,291 --> 00:59:12,250
[mortar fires]
1216
00:59:12,333 --> 00:59:12,875
[man]
The battle for Kunduz
1217
00:59:12,958 --> 00:59:15,291
started before dawn,
1218
00:59:15,375 --> 00:59:18,083
as Afghan government troops
tried in vain
1219
00:59:18,166 --> 00:59:20,875
to hold back the advance
of the Taliban.
1220
00:59:20,958 --> 00:59:22,916
After the West's
trillion-dollar war
1221
00:59:23,000 --> 00:59:24,625
against the Taliban,
1222
00:59:24,708 --> 00:59:27,375
its fighters still pose
a potent threat.
1223
00:59:27,458 --> 00:59:31,375
[Maddox] They took over
the city for about two weeks.
1224
00:59:31,458 --> 00:59:33,041
They released
a lot of prisoners--
1225
00:59:33,125 --> 00:59:35,041
a lot of them
were Taliban fighters--
1226
00:59:35,125 --> 00:59:36,708
and displaced
tens of thousands of people
1227
00:59:36,791 --> 00:59:40,041
in the process.
1228
00:59:40,125 --> 00:59:42,958
It was a total propaganda win
for them.
1229
00:59:43,041 --> 00:59:44,708
[translator] God willing,
this is our hope,
1230
00:59:44,791 --> 00:59:46,375
to build a religious school,
1231
00:59:46,458 --> 00:59:50,000
to build a bridge, a road,
a sharia-based government.
1232
00:59:50,083 --> 00:59:51,333
This is why we came out,
1233
00:59:51,416 --> 00:59:53,000
and this is what
we fought for--
1234
00:59:53,083 --> 00:59:55,833
so that sharia law
is enforced here.
1235
00:59:55,916 --> 00:59:57,916
Just holding the city--
that's all they needed to do
1236
00:59:58,000 --> 01:00:00,291
was just take it and hold it,
show of force
1237
01:00:00,375 --> 01:00:02,916
to show their fighters
and the world
1238
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,333
that they were there
and still capable--
1239
01:00:05,416 --> 01:00:06,791
was quite significant.
1240
01:00:06,875 --> 01:00:09,416
♪♪♪
1241
01:00:09,500 --> 01:00:13,583
[Gossman] What happened in
Kunduz caught people off guard
1242
01:00:13,666 --> 01:00:15,291
when the Taliban
actually managed
1243
01:00:15,375 --> 01:00:17,125
to gain control of the city,
1244
01:00:17,208 --> 01:00:19,541
and I think what happened then
was a kind of panic.
1245
01:00:19,625 --> 01:00:23,708
The psychological blow
and the PR repercussions
1246
01:00:23,791 --> 01:00:26,541
of having lost
a very important northern city
1247
01:00:26,625 --> 01:00:28,166
were enormous,
1248
01:00:28,250 --> 01:00:29,666
and so then there was a kind of
1249
01:00:29,750 --> 01:00:33,291
real scrambling
to-to regain control,
1250
01:00:33,375 --> 01:00:38,166
and the American military
made a really horrific error.
1251
01:00:38,250 --> 01:00:39,708
[man]
Breaking news overnight--
1252
01:00:39,791 --> 01:00:43,166
U.S. warplanes may have
killed nine local staffers
1253
01:00:43,250 --> 01:00:46,500
at a medical clinic
run by Doctors Without Borders.
1254
01:00:46,583 --> 01:00:48,458
The attack was in
the provincial city of Kunduz.
1255
01:00:48,541 --> 01:00:52,916
The U.S. apparently was trying
to dislodge Taliban insurgents
1256
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:54,750
who had seized the city
on Monday.
1257
01:00:54,833 --> 01:00:58,875
[Gossman] An American gunship
targeted the hospital
1258
01:00:58,958 --> 01:01:02,583
and circled it
and hit it repeatedly.
1259
01:01:03,708 --> 01:01:07,291
What's concerning, maybe,
about how it unfolded
1260
01:01:07,375 --> 01:01:10,958
was that the Afghan forces
operating there
1261
01:01:11,041 --> 01:01:14,333
had raided the hospital
some point previously,
1262
01:01:14,416 --> 01:01:16,833
looking for wounded Taliban,
1263
01:01:16,916 --> 01:01:19,625
and were apparently
quite unhappy with the fact
1264
01:01:19,708 --> 01:01:23,708
that MSF treated wounded
Taliban in the facility,
1265
01:01:23,791 --> 01:01:27,166
whereas MSF,
like any medical-care provider,
1266
01:01:27,250 --> 01:01:28,750
say that they treat anyone,
1267
01:01:28,833 --> 01:01:31,791
regardless
of political affiliation.
1268
01:01:31,875 --> 01:01:33,083
[man]
Our staff have reported
1269
01:01:33,166 --> 01:01:35,333
that there were
no armed combatants
1270
01:01:35,416 --> 01:01:38,041
or active fighting in
1271
01:01:38,125 --> 01:01:41,500
or from the compound
prior to the air strike.
1272
01:01:41,583 --> 01:01:43,166
[translator]
Doctors were about to take me
1273
01:01:43,250 --> 01:01:45,833
to an operating theater
when the bomb hit.
1274
01:01:45,916 --> 01:01:47,208
There were flames
all around me.
1275
01:01:47,291 --> 01:01:51,125
I saw patients and doctors
burn to death.
1276
01:01:51,208 --> 01:01:56,083
♪♪♪
1277
01:01:56,166 --> 01:01:57,916
[Gossman]
Forty-three people died,
1278
01:01:58,000 --> 01:02:02,541
quite a number of them
staff and patients...
1279
01:02:02,625 --> 01:02:05,166
including patients on the
operating table at the time,
1280
01:02:05,250 --> 01:02:06,041
including children.
1281
01:02:06,125 --> 01:02:08,500
I mean, it was just horrific.
1282
01:02:08,583 --> 01:02:10,875
♪♪♪
1283
01:02:10,958 --> 01:02:12,333
And some of these forces
that have carried out
1284
01:02:12,416 --> 01:02:13,791
these raids
on medical facilities
1285
01:02:13,875 --> 01:02:16,083
are the ones we identified
as being backed by,
1286
01:02:16,166 --> 01:02:20,750
trained, recruited
by the American CIA.
1287
01:02:20,833 --> 01:02:23,250
♪♪♪
1288
01:02:23,333 --> 01:02:27,125
That hospital bombing
after the siege of Kunduz
1289
01:02:27,208 --> 01:02:29,875
was pretty devastating.
1290
01:02:29,958 --> 01:02:32,875
A lot of innocent civilians
were killed,
1291
01:02:32,958 --> 01:02:35,875
and war is war,
and you can always say that,
1292
01:02:35,958 --> 01:02:38,083
but when innocent lives
are lost,
1293
01:02:38,166 --> 01:02:41,000
it really does make it
difficult to continue the work.
1294
01:02:43,291 --> 01:02:45,625
I saw a lot
of horrific images,
1295
01:02:45,708 --> 01:02:47,583
and it's hard
to deal with that
1296
01:02:47,666 --> 01:02:49,250
and learn how to process that,
1297
01:02:49,333 --> 01:02:55,000
but I learned
and found a way to...
1298
01:02:55,083 --> 01:02:57,416
store those images
1299
01:02:57,500 --> 01:03:00,541
and those experiences in my
heart without it destroying me.
1300
01:03:04,041 --> 01:03:07,166
You wake up in the morning,
and you brush it off,
1301
01:03:07,250 --> 01:03:12,166
and there's always an emergency
and something pressing
1302
01:03:12,250 --> 01:03:13,708
that's happening,
and you don't have time
1303
01:03:13,791 --> 01:03:15,291
to necessarily process
during the day,
1304
01:03:15,375 --> 01:03:19,791
so you just...you just go
150 miles per hour.
1305
01:03:19,875 --> 01:03:22,750
You go until you crash again.
1306
01:03:29,458 --> 01:03:31,958
[Sedney]
It was seven o'clock at night
1307
01:03:32,041 --> 01:03:33,333
when the most number
of students and faculty
1308
01:03:33,416 --> 01:03:36,375
and staff were here,
and it was just
1309
01:03:36,458 --> 01:03:39,916
when people were going
to their last class of the day.
1310
01:03:40,000 --> 01:03:43,458
The attackers loose off
a couple of volleys.
1311
01:03:43,541 --> 01:03:45,958
One of them goes this way
1312
01:03:46,041 --> 01:03:48,416
and heads
towards our escape route.
1313
01:03:48,500 --> 01:03:51,583
Another one goes in here
to our main classroom building.
1314
01:03:51,666 --> 01:03:54,000
At that time,
this-these doors were open.
1315
01:03:54,083 --> 01:03:56,416
We didn't have the-the heavy
doors we have on them now.
1316
01:03:57,833 --> 01:04:01,541
It was, uh,
the month of August
1317
01:04:01,625 --> 01:04:03,458
in 2016,
1318
01:04:03,541 --> 01:04:06,041
and I was expecting
1319
01:04:06,125 --> 01:04:08,833
that it's my last semester.
1320
01:04:10,083 --> 01:04:11,666
I was done with my classes,
1321
01:04:11,750 --> 01:04:13,458
and I went to offer
the evening prayer,
1322
01:04:13,541 --> 01:04:18,166
and we were about
to leave the mosque.
1323
01:04:18,250 --> 01:04:21,541
I heard some people shouting.
1324
01:04:21,625 --> 01:04:23,166
My friend immediately
closed the door,
1325
01:04:23,250 --> 01:04:25,416
and she said--
she-she calls me Bresh--
1326
01:04:25,500 --> 01:04:28,833
and she said, "Bresh,
why is there gunshots?"
1327
01:04:28,916 --> 01:04:30,708
As she said that...
1328
01:04:30,791 --> 01:04:34,166
♪♪♪
1329
01:04:34,250 --> 01:04:37,000
...the explosion happened,
1330
01:04:37,083 --> 01:04:40,000
and everything went dark.
1331
01:04:40,083 --> 01:04:40,833
[Qasemi]
I saw myself on the ground
1332
01:04:40,916 --> 01:04:43,000
after a couple
of minutes there,
1333
01:04:43,083 --> 01:04:45,750
and I realized
that there was a huge,
1334
01:04:45,833 --> 01:04:47,625
um, hole
in the back of my head.
1335
01:04:50,291 --> 01:04:53,791
American University campus
in Kabul, Afghanistan,
1336
01:04:53,875 --> 01:04:55,333
is under attack as we speak.
1337
01:04:55,416 --> 01:04:58,375
At least one university guard
is now dead.
1338
01:04:58,458 --> 01:05:01,208
Officials say that dozens
of students and staff
1339
01:05:01,291 --> 01:05:05,000
are still trapped inside,
their fate unknown.
1340
01:05:05,083 --> 01:05:07,416
[Musazai] Everybody was crying
and screaming.
1341
01:05:07,500 --> 01:05:12,250
The terrorists said,
"Don't scream," you know?
1342
01:05:12,333 --> 01:05:15,708
And then they started shooting.
1343
01:05:15,791 --> 01:05:17,875
♪♪♪
1344
01:05:17,958 --> 01:05:22,250
I felt that somebody's
standing behind me,
1345
01:05:22,333 --> 01:05:25,583
and when I looked at him,
he shot me,
1346
01:05:25,666 --> 01:05:28,416
and I pretended to be dead
1347
01:05:28,500 --> 01:05:32,666
because I thought this is
the only way to...
1348
01:05:32,750 --> 01:05:34,375
to save myself.
1349
01:05:34,458 --> 01:05:38,541
♪♪♪
1350
01:05:44,208 --> 01:05:46,458
[Qasemi]
I was bleeding so badly.
1351
01:05:46,541 --> 01:05:48,375
I was trying to remember
what's happening
1352
01:05:48,458 --> 01:05:50,291
at the university,
1353
01:05:50,375 --> 01:05:53,666
and I remember
what my father told me.
1354
01:05:53,750 --> 01:05:56,041
He said I can't come here,
1355
01:05:56,125 --> 01:06:00,750
and I regretted, um, to have
not accepted what he told me.
1356
01:06:00,833 --> 01:06:04,875
♪♪♪
1357
01:06:04,958 --> 01:06:09,750
I thought, um,
"It's a-it's a dream."
1358
01:06:09,833 --> 01:06:11,125
I wanted to wake up,
1359
01:06:11,208 --> 01:06:12,083
but then I realized
it's not a dream.
1360
01:06:12,166 --> 01:06:14,916
It's reality.
1361
01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:16,958
[indistinct chatter]
1362
01:06:17,041 --> 01:06:21,500
♪♪♪
1363
01:06:21,583 --> 01:06:24,458
This university has educated
more than 100
1364
01:06:24,541 --> 01:06:27,750
top government officials,
young people.
1365
01:06:27,833 --> 01:06:29,541
Afghanistan
is a very young country,
1366
01:06:29,625 --> 01:06:31,958
where 75 percent
of its population
1367
01:06:32,041 --> 01:06:35,000
is below the age of 25,
1368
01:06:35,083 --> 01:06:38,291
so the attack against
the American University
1369
01:06:38,375 --> 01:06:39,833
is an attack
against Afghanistan's future.
1370
01:06:39,916 --> 01:06:45,875
♪♪♪
1371
01:06:46,916 --> 01:06:50,333
We're numb to so many things
in Afghanistan.
1372
01:06:50,416 --> 01:06:53,750
I mean, someone
described PTSD to me,
1373
01:06:53,833 --> 01:06:57,166
and I think
that as Afghans-as Afghans,
1374
01:06:57,250 --> 01:06:57,875
we collectively suffer from it.
1375
01:06:57,958 --> 01:07:03,875
♪♪♪
1376
01:07:03,958 --> 01:07:05,000
[siren wailing]
1377
01:07:05,083 --> 01:07:08,791
[man] Unsafe now are
Afghanistan's journalists.
1378
01:07:08,875 --> 01:07:13,708
A bus carrying TOLO TV
employees was the target.
1379
01:07:16,416 --> 01:07:20,166
[Mohseni] We have lost
13 colleagues in three years,
1380
01:07:20,250 --> 01:07:21,500
and they were kids
that we employed,
1381
01:07:21,583 --> 01:07:25,083
and they were members
of our family.
1382
01:07:25,166 --> 01:07:26,583
♪♪♪
1383
01:07:26,666 --> 01:07:30,125
It's not just a question
of these young kids
1384
01:07:30,208 --> 01:07:31,375
leaving us far too early.
1385
01:07:31,458 --> 01:07:33,416
It's also their families.
1386
01:07:33,500 --> 01:07:35,708
Sometimes they were
the breadwinners
1387
01:07:35,791 --> 01:07:37,500
of an entire clan.
1388
01:07:37,583 --> 01:07:39,375
♪♪♪
1389
01:07:39,458 --> 01:07:43,541
It brings home how serious,
1390
01:07:43,625 --> 01:07:45,708
you know, what we do is and...
1391
01:07:45,791 --> 01:07:47,583
and how dangerous it is,
and, you know,
1392
01:07:47,666 --> 01:07:51,666
we've created this culture
of telling the truth,
1393
01:07:51,750 --> 01:07:53,666
of pushing boundaries,
1394
01:07:53,750 --> 01:07:55,375
so there's an element of guilt
1395
01:07:55,458 --> 01:07:58,208
that we have exposed
these people.
1396
01:07:58,291 --> 01:07:59,291
[man] The Taliban
said it meant
1397
01:07:59,375 --> 01:08:00,875
to target the journalists,
1398
01:08:00,958 --> 01:08:04,250
that the channel had accused
their fighters of raping women
1399
01:08:04,333 --> 01:08:07,666
when they briefly seized
the city of Kunduz last year.
1400
01:08:09,333 --> 01:08:11,916
You think it through, and then
you think, you seriously think,
1401
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:14,791
"Do we need to do this?
Is it that important?
1402
01:08:14,875 --> 01:08:16,207
If we can save a life,
1403
01:08:16,291 --> 01:08:18,750
is it worth having
a news outlet?"
1404
01:08:18,833 --> 01:08:21,082
♪♪♪
1405
01:08:21,166 --> 01:08:22,582
For the Taliban,
1406
01:08:22,667 --> 01:08:25,917
their ideology
is so important for them,
1407
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:28,332
and the values that we push,
1408
01:08:28,417 --> 01:08:29,833
whether it's women's rights
and so forth,
1409
01:08:29,917 --> 01:08:32,500
goes very much against
what they believe in.
1410
01:08:33,417 --> 01:08:35,542
But also, I think that we
represent the new Afghanistan
1411
01:08:35,625 --> 01:08:39,417
because the country
has moved on,
1412
01:08:39,500 --> 01:08:42,667
and for them,
it's difficult to accept that.
1413
01:08:51,917 --> 01:08:56,958
[Semple] I take some hope
from the fact that now Afghans
1414
01:08:57,041 --> 01:08:59,125
on both sides of the conflict,
1415
01:08:59,207 --> 01:09:00,792
they're incredibly tired
of this war.
1416
01:09:00,875 --> 01:09:03,875
They're not baying for blood.
They want to see an end to it.
1417
01:09:03,958 --> 01:09:06,207
With people I trust
amongst the Taliban,
1418
01:09:06,291 --> 01:09:08,625
we're involved in a collective
effort to make sense
1419
01:09:08,708 --> 01:09:09,958
about what's going on
inside their own movement,
1420
01:09:10,041 --> 01:09:13,917
about what's going on in Kabul
and amongst the-the--
1421
01:09:14,000 --> 01:09:15,082
you know,
the non-Taliban Afghans,
1422
01:09:15,166 --> 01:09:19,166
and making sense of what
the United States is doing.
1423
01:09:19,250 --> 01:09:22,207
speaking native language
1424
01:09:23,667 --> 01:09:26,457
United States
had a very difficult time,
1425
01:09:26,542 --> 01:09:30,332
almost from the beginning
of the Afghan War,
1426
01:09:30,417 --> 01:09:31,582
deciding whether the Taliban
1427
01:09:31,667 --> 01:09:34,917
was an enemy
of the United States.
1428
01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:37,250
Are they a threat
to the United States?
1429
01:09:37,332 --> 01:09:40,291
Well, they're a threat
to our ally in Afghanistan,
1430
01:09:40,375 --> 01:09:45,207
but no Taliban, uh,
has declared an intention
1431
01:09:45,291 --> 01:09:46,833
to strike the United States,
1432
01:09:46,917 --> 01:09:49,625
certainly not
in an official way.
1433
01:09:49,708 --> 01:09:51,457
In fact,
they say the opposite--
1434
01:09:51,542 --> 01:09:52,332
"We're only fighting you
1435
01:09:52,417 --> 01:09:53,958
because you're here
in our country.
1436
01:09:54,041 --> 01:09:56,125
If you get out of our country,
we'll leave you alone."
1437
01:09:56,207 --> 01:09:57,917
[Schroen]
Right now the Taliban,
1438
01:09:58,000 --> 01:10:01,166
they don't like ISIS
any more than we do,
1439
01:10:01,250 --> 01:10:03,708
so there's a war
going on there
1440
01:10:03,792 --> 01:10:06,332
while the Taliban still
blow up people in-in Kabul
1441
01:10:06,417 --> 01:10:08,500
and around the country.
1442
01:10:08,582 --> 01:10:09,750
[Martin]
I do think, at this point,
1443
01:10:09,833 --> 01:10:13,625
the Taliban may have learned
their lesson
1444
01:10:13,708 --> 01:10:16,542
about harboring al-Qaeda.
1445
01:10:16,625 --> 01:10:18,041
Now, why they're
after Americans now?
1446
01:10:18,125 --> 01:10:19,207
Because they're in Afghanistan.
1447
01:10:19,291 --> 01:10:20,542
We're there.
1448
01:10:20,625 --> 01:10:24,708
And for the Taliban and for-
for Afghanistan in general,
1449
01:10:24,792 --> 01:10:28,582
the way to communicate is,
you hurt them till they leave.
1450
01:10:28,667 --> 01:10:32,375
They did it to the Russians,
you know,
1451
01:10:32,457 --> 01:10:34,958
and-and they're doing it to us.
1452
01:10:35,041 --> 01:10:36,833
[man] An American soldier
is dead tonight
1453
01:10:36,917 --> 01:10:38,417
after a Taliban car bomb
exploded
1454
01:10:38,500 --> 01:10:40,207
in Kabul, Afghanistan.
1455
01:10:40,291 --> 01:10:43,417
Ten civilians and
a military soldier from Romania
1456
01:10:43,500 --> 01:10:44,875
also killed in that attack,
1457
01:10:44,958 --> 01:10:47,875
which comes as the U.S.
tries to finalize a peace deal.
1458
01:10:48,625 --> 01:10:50,375
[Waldman]
I'm really interested
1459
01:10:50,457 --> 01:10:51,750
in that whole incident,
1460
01:10:51,833 --> 01:10:55,082
partly because there was
a video someone took
1461
01:10:55,166 --> 01:10:56,250
right when it happened,
1462
01:10:56,332 --> 01:10:59,667
and there's an Afghan man who--
1463
01:10:59,750 --> 01:11:00,708
I think he sees
the truck or van
1464
01:11:00,792 --> 01:11:03,582
kind of coming on
to the sidewalk,
1465
01:11:03,667 --> 01:11:06,750
and you can see he knows,
and he starts to run,
1466
01:11:06,833 --> 01:11:11,332
and then he dies
when it blows up.
1467
01:11:11,417 --> 01:11:14,833
That video went really viral,
and it was such a sad story
1468
01:11:14,917 --> 01:11:18,291
'cause it was--
I think he was a shopkeeper,
1469
01:11:18,375 --> 01:11:20,582
and he usually sent
his assistant to do something
1470
01:11:20,667 --> 01:11:21,417
but decided that day
to give his assistant a break
1471
01:11:21,500 --> 01:11:22,582
and he would go do it.
1472
01:11:22,667 --> 01:11:24,708
I can't remember
the exact story,
1473
01:11:24,792 --> 01:11:28,375
but something about that moment
1474
01:11:28,457 --> 01:11:32,833
and people seeing him
kind of know what's coming
1475
01:11:32,917 --> 01:11:34,082
and try to escape,
1476
01:11:34,166 --> 01:11:37,291
I think every Afghan
saw themselves in that,
1477
01:11:37,375 --> 01:11:39,625
and that's why people
just kept watching it
1478
01:11:39,708 --> 01:11:40,958
over and over and over,
1479
01:11:41,041 --> 01:11:43,625
but that is what life
has become, you know?
1480
01:11:43,708 --> 01:11:44,833
You're just waiting
1481
01:11:44,917 --> 01:11:48,291
or hoping you can outrun
whatever's coming.
1482
01:11:48,375 --> 01:11:52,958
♪♪♪
1483
01:11:53,041 --> 01:11:54,582
[Trump] We're like policemen.
We're not fighting a war.
1484
01:11:54,667 --> 01:11:57,250
If we wanted to fight a war
in Afghanistan and win it,
1485
01:11:57,332 --> 01:12:00,207
I could win that war in a week.
1486
01:12:00,291 --> 01:12:02,500
I just don't want to kill
ten million people.
1487
01:12:02,582 --> 01:12:03,833
Does that make sense to you?
1488
01:12:03,917 --> 01:12:05,457
I don't want to kill
ten million people.
1489
01:12:05,542 --> 01:12:07,625
I have plans on Afghanistan
1490
01:12:07,708 --> 01:12:11,082
that if I wanted
to win that war,
1491
01:12:11,166 --> 01:12:14,082
Afghanistan would be wiped
off the face of the Earth.
1492
01:12:14,166 --> 01:12:15,375
It would be gone.
1493
01:12:15,457 --> 01:12:18,166
It would be over in--
literally in ten days,
1494
01:12:18,250 --> 01:12:21,958
and I don't want to do--
I don't want to go that route.
1495
01:12:22,041 --> 01:12:25,375
United States
does not owe us anything.
1496
01:12:25,457 --> 01:12:29,833
They can pull out
any second they wish,
1497
01:12:29,917 --> 01:12:32,542
but what will be
the interpretation
1498
01:12:32,667 --> 01:12:35,207
of this pullout?
1499
01:12:35,332 --> 01:12:38,082
There will be,
whether you like it or not,
1500
01:12:38,207 --> 01:12:39,792
a domino effect.
1501
01:12:41,082 --> 01:12:44,375
This will be celebration
for terrorists.
1502
01:12:44,500 --> 01:12:48,708
The mightiest power
in the globe running away,
1503
01:12:48,792 --> 01:12:51,041
leaving the scene to who?
1504
01:12:51,166 --> 01:12:53,207
I'm not saying they must stay.
1505
01:12:53,250 --> 01:12:56,082
I mean, they-they can leave
any moment they wish.
1506
01:12:56,207 --> 01:12:58,833
[Maddox] Seeing what
we've seen in Afghanistan
1507
01:12:58,875 --> 01:13:02,375
and our involvement in it,
being our longest-running war,
1508
01:13:02,500 --> 01:13:04,625
the theory is kind of
panning out.
1509
01:13:06,708 --> 01:13:10,625
I don't see
how this war can be won.
1510
01:13:11,958 --> 01:13:15,417
A bombshell series
of investigative reports
1511
01:13:15,500 --> 01:13:16,750
in The Washington Post
1512
01:13:16,833 --> 01:13:17,958
exposing heartbreaking truths
1513
01:13:18,041 --> 01:13:20,792
about the U.S. war
in Afghanistan,
1514
01:13:20,833 --> 01:13:23,082
which has claimed
some 2,400 U.S. lives
1515
01:13:23,166 --> 01:13:26,708
and cost nearly
a trillion dollars.
1516
01:13:26,792 --> 01:13:28,041
[Whitlock]
The first thing we did,
1517
01:13:28,125 --> 01:13:29,582
the first story
was just to show
1518
01:13:29,667 --> 01:13:31,166
that disconnect between what
they were saying in public
1519
01:13:31,250 --> 01:13:32,417
and what they were
saying privately,
1520
01:13:32,500 --> 01:13:33,250
but then,
as you pointed out,
1521
01:13:33,332 --> 01:13:35,291
we-we focus
on certain themes,
1522
01:13:35,375 --> 01:13:36,833
certain core failings
of the war.
1523
01:13:36,917 --> 01:13:40,792
That's the gist
of-of the series.
1524
01:13:40,833 --> 01:13:42,166
A new report claims
that the American people
1525
01:13:42,250 --> 01:13:44,958
were misled
about the War in Afghanistan.
1526
01:13:45,041 --> 01:13:47,833
A Washington Post investigation
looked at nearly 2,000 pages
1527
01:13:47,917 --> 01:13:49,792
of internal
government documents
1528
01:13:49,833 --> 01:13:51,291
and found that senior
U.S. officials
1529
01:13:51,375 --> 01:13:53,750
did not tell the truth.
1530
01:13:53,833 --> 01:13:55,291
[Fallis]
"Built to Fail.
1531
01:13:55,375 --> 01:13:57,792
Despite vows the U.S. wouldn't
get mired in nation building,
1532
01:13:57,833 --> 01:13:59,917
it has wasted billions
doing just that."
1533
01:14:01,375 --> 01:14:03,250
Uh, "Consumed by Corruption.
1534
01:14:03,332 --> 01:14:05,250
The U.S. flooded the country
with money
1535
01:14:05,332 --> 01:14:07,250
and then turned a blind eye
to the graft it fueled."
1536
01:14:07,332 --> 01:14:08,625
"Unguarded Nation.
1537
01:14:08,708 --> 01:14:10,792
Afghan security forces,
despite years of training,
1538
01:14:10,917 --> 01:14:13,082
were dogged by incompetence
and corruption."
1539
01:14:13,125 --> 01:14:18,041
And the last day, uh,
"Overwhelmed by Opium.
1540
01:14:18,125 --> 01:14:19,958
The U.S. war on drugs
in Afghanistan
1541
01:14:20,082 --> 01:14:22,792
has imploded
at nearly every turn."
1542
01:14:22,833 --> 01:14:24,792
[Whitlock] I think the main
headline is that, you know,
1543
01:14:24,917 --> 01:14:28,125
for 18 years,
U.S. government, generals,
1544
01:14:28,250 --> 01:14:29,041
ambassadors, diplomats
1545
01:14:29,125 --> 01:14:31,457
were giving
rosy pronouncements
1546
01:14:31,542 --> 01:14:32,792
about the War in Afghanistan,
1547
01:14:32,875 --> 01:14:35,833
even though they knew the war
was not going well
1548
01:14:35,917 --> 01:14:37,207
or it was failing
1549
01:14:37,291 --> 01:14:39,500
or that they had profound
doubts about the strategy.
1550
01:14:39,582 --> 01:14:41,958
So, in public,
they were saying one thing
1551
01:14:42,041 --> 01:14:43,582
about how they were
making progress
1552
01:14:43,667 --> 01:14:45,833
and this was
a war worth fighting.
1553
01:14:45,917 --> 01:14:47,250
In private,
1554
01:14:47,332 --> 01:14:49,417
they admitted they had no idea
what they were doing.
1555
01:14:49,500 --> 01:14:51,750
[man] "We didn't know
what we were doing,"
1556
01:14:51,833 --> 01:14:54,667
said now-retired Lieutenant
General Douglas Lute,
1557
01:14:54,750 --> 01:14:58,958
who was the Afghan war czar
for Presidents Bush and Obama.
1558
01:14:59,041 --> 01:15:01,457
I can't think of another war
1559
01:15:01,542 --> 01:15:04,417
where you have the generals
in charge of it
1560
01:15:04,500 --> 01:15:07,625
admitting that their strategy
was fatally flawed,
1561
01:15:07,708 --> 01:15:10,375
and to say that
in such raw terms,
1562
01:15:10,457 --> 01:15:13,375
it's not just news,
it's-it's history.
1563
01:15:13,457 --> 01:15:15,958
[man] We simply didn't know
what we were doing.
1564
01:15:16,041 --> 01:15:20,000
It wasn't even mission creep.
It was mission fantasy.
1565
01:15:20,082 --> 01:15:23,332
How do we ever believe in our
military people in the future?
1566
01:15:23,417 --> 01:15:25,207
I mean, it's like a spouse
who's been cheated on.
1567
01:15:25,291 --> 01:15:26,582
How do I ever
trust you again?
1568
01:15:26,667 --> 01:15:28,250
In a country increasingly
divided every day,
1569
01:15:28,332 --> 01:15:29,750
it's nice to learn
that there's one issue
1570
01:15:29,833 --> 01:15:31,917
that brings America's leaders
together--
1571
01:15:32,000 --> 01:15:33,207
lying about war.
1572
01:15:33,291 --> 01:15:36,291
♪ dramatic music ♪
1573
01:15:36,375 --> 01:15:39,041
♪♪♪
1574
01:15:39,125 --> 01:15:41,207
[Whitlock]
I think the American public
1575
01:15:41,291 --> 01:15:42,166
has always wanted
to support the war.
1576
01:15:42,250 --> 01:15:44,166
They wanted to support
the troops here.
1577
01:15:44,250 --> 01:15:46,708
This is very different
from Iraq or other conflicts
1578
01:15:46,792 --> 01:15:48,250
around the world, and--
but over time,
1579
01:15:48,332 --> 01:15:51,875
it's become clear, I think,
to the American people
1580
01:15:51,958 --> 01:15:53,250
that this wasn't working out
as intended.
1581
01:15:53,332 --> 01:15:56,833
It took years and years
much longer than they thought,
1582
01:15:56,917 --> 01:15:59,332
and they've heard three
presidents talk about this.
1583
01:15:59,417 --> 01:16:01,041
And they knew it didn't add up.
1584
01:16:01,125 --> 01:16:05,708
♪♪♪
1585
01:16:05,792 --> 01:16:07,875
[Gossman] Building schools
and protecting women's rights
1586
01:16:07,958 --> 01:16:10,708
and so on, that's not
what this war is about.
1587
01:16:10,792 --> 01:16:11,750
Those have always
been secondary
1588
01:16:11,833 --> 01:16:13,082
to the primary objective,
1589
01:16:13,166 --> 01:16:18,542
which has been
to hunt Taliban and al-Qaeda.
1590
01:16:18,625 --> 01:16:20,291
The secret detentions,
the torture,
1591
01:16:20,375 --> 01:16:25,375
ceaseless night raids,
air strikes, drone attacks,
1592
01:16:25,457 --> 01:16:29,207
when I said it's a CIA war,
meaning they've sort of set
1593
01:16:29,291 --> 01:16:32,750
the priorities for the war,
1594
01:16:32,833 --> 01:16:36,750
and for the Afghans,
this is a never-ending war,
1595
01:16:36,833 --> 01:16:39,582
and many of them
have seen nothing but.
1596
01:16:39,667 --> 01:16:44,082
♪♪♪
1597
01:16:44,166 --> 01:16:46,667
The U.S. and the Taliban
have just signed
1598
01:16:46,750 --> 01:16:49,582
a landmark agreement
that could finally lead
1599
01:16:49,667 --> 01:16:52,667
to an end of hostilities
in Afghanistan.
1600
01:16:52,750 --> 01:16:56,250
After two decades of war,
the U.S. and the Afghan Taliban
1601
01:16:56,332 --> 01:16:58,542
have just signed
a long-awaited deal
1602
01:16:58,625 --> 01:17:00,250
aimed at paving the way
to peace
1603
01:17:00,332 --> 01:17:02,542
and the departure
of foreign troops.
1604
01:17:02,625 --> 01:17:03,375
[man]
Not part of the deal?
1605
01:17:03,457 --> 01:17:05,250
Any commitments
from the Taliban
1606
01:17:05,332 --> 01:17:07,041
to protect the civil rights
of people
1607
01:17:07,125 --> 01:17:08,500
they so brutally repressed
1608
01:17:08,625 --> 01:17:11,375
when last in power,
particularly women.
1609
01:17:11,457 --> 01:17:14,625
[Saleh] Afghanistan
has suffered for 40 years,
1610
01:17:14,708 --> 01:17:16,291
so it's very hard to see
how this country
1611
01:17:16,375 --> 01:17:17,375
is going to be able
to pull together.
1612
01:17:17,457 --> 01:17:19,958
The coming days and months
are going to decide
1613
01:17:20,041 --> 01:17:21,291
whether peace in Afghanistan
is going to move
1614
01:17:21,375 --> 01:17:24,958
from a signed document
to reality on the ground.
1615
01:17:25,041 --> 01:17:29,417
I really believe the Taliban
wants to do something to show
1616
01:17:29,500 --> 01:17:32,750
that we're not
all wasting time.
1617
01:17:32,833 --> 01:17:35,417
If bad things happen,
we'll go back.
1618
01:17:35,500 --> 01:17:40,375
♪♪♪
1619
01:17:42,207 --> 01:17:43,375
[Maddox] Meeting with Afghans,
you can tell
1620
01:17:43,457 --> 01:17:48,875
they've lost faith in their
American counterparts
1621
01:17:48,958 --> 01:17:51,750
because of the historical
flip-flopping
1622
01:17:51,833 --> 01:17:53,958
and pulling back
and pushing back into areas,
1623
01:17:54,041 --> 01:17:57,250
and you can see in their eyes
1624
01:17:57,332 --> 01:18:01,667
the weariness and frustration,
1625
01:18:01,750 --> 01:18:03,166
'cause it's their country.
1626
01:18:03,250 --> 01:18:07,500
It's their families,
and it's their people,
1627
01:18:07,582 --> 01:18:11,207
and we come and go...
1628
01:18:11,291 --> 01:18:13,125
and that hurts.
1629
01:18:17,500 --> 01:18:21,207
After the attack,
I went to the United States.
1630
01:18:21,291 --> 01:18:25,166
My medical treatment
was sponsored
1631
01:18:25,250 --> 01:18:29,500
by a hospital in Dallas.
1632
01:18:29,582 --> 01:18:33,417
I spent six months
in the hospital,
1633
01:18:33,500 --> 01:18:37,792
and many people told me
to stay there in the U.S.,
1634
01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:40,457
but I really wanted
to graduate,
1635
01:18:40,542 --> 01:18:45,250
and also, I wanted
to come back to Afghanistan.
1636
01:18:45,332 --> 01:18:48,917
I don't know,
but I wanted to come back.
1637
01:18:49,000 --> 01:18:50,291
[Qasemi]
I don't hate those people
1638
01:18:50,375 --> 01:18:51,917
who attacked my university,
1639
01:18:52,000 --> 01:18:54,417
because one day,
with the education I receive,
1640
01:18:54,500 --> 01:19:00,207
I want to bring a change that
will affect their children.
1641
01:19:00,291 --> 01:19:03,457
[Musazai] Educated people
are leaving the country
1642
01:19:03,542 --> 01:19:07,667
because of insecurity,
but if everybody leaves,
1643
01:19:07,750 --> 01:19:10,291
who will do something
for the country?
1644
01:19:10,375 --> 01:19:12,500
[applause]
1645
01:19:14,041 --> 01:19:16,291
We cannot just depend
1646
01:19:16,375 --> 01:19:21,250
on the United States
for peace.
1647
01:19:21,332 --> 01:19:24,792
So I think I have the
responsibility to work for it,
1648
01:19:24,875 --> 01:19:26,917
because this is the time.
1649
01:19:27,000 --> 01:19:29,250
The country is in need.
1650
01:19:30,750 --> 01:19:32,417
[Mohseni] Afghanistan
is the youngest country
1651
01:19:32,500 --> 01:19:34,291
outside of Africa,
median age of 18.
1652
01:19:34,375 --> 01:19:35,917
I think 60 percent
of the population
1653
01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:38,457
is under the age of 20,
1654
01:19:38,542 --> 01:19:40,166
so there's certainly
this appetite,
1655
01:19:40,250 --> 01:19:42,667
this capacity
to embrace change.
1656
01:19:42,750 --> 01:19:44,625
[indistinct chatter]
1657
01:19:44,708 --> 01:19:47,958
♪♪♪
1658
01:19:48,041 --> 01:19:49,833
You know, in life,
you get one shot
1659
01:19:49,917 --> 01:19:54,250
at doing something
that is impactful.
1660
01:19:54,332 --> 01:19:56,542
Whether we're successful or not
is another story,
1661
01:19:56,625 --> 01:19:58,792
but we-we've tried.
1662
01:19:58,875 --> 01:20:01,125
♪♪♪
1663
01:20:01,207 --> 01:20:02,833
buwee' ted
1664
01:20:02,917 --> 01:20:04,750
♪♪
119724
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