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โTHE CORDILLERA OF DREAMSโ
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Each time I pass over the Cordillera,
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I feel as though I am arriving
in the country of my childhood,
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00:02:49,708 --> 00:02:52,792
my country of origin.
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00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:01,375
Crossing the Cordillera
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00:03:01,542 --> 00:03:05,583
is like arriving in a place
that is in the faraway past.
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00:03:08,708 --> 00:03:11,458
Everything seems unreal.
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00:03:12,667 --> 00:03:16,333
I feel somewhat like an alien.
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00:03:20,917 --> 00:03:24,583
The city in which I was born, Santiago,
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greets me with indifference.
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00:03:32,125 --> 00:03:36,708
Each time I return,
I feel that same distance.
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00:03:38,542 --> 00:03:41,917
I don't recognize the city
that lies before me.
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00:03:44,417 --> 00:03:45,375
Ultimately,
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00:03:45,542 --> 00:03:48,458
I don't really know where I am.
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00:03:52,708 --> 00:03:54,292
It seems as though
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00:03:54,458 --> 00:03:57,792
more time has passed
than is really the case.
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00:03:59,667 --> 00:04:01,042
I remember
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00:04:01,208 --> 00:04:05,042
a country
in which I felt more at home,
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with my family and my friends.
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00:04:10,042 --> 00:04:13,583
Nowadays, the smells are different.
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00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,042
They no longer resemble
the air I used to breathe,
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00:04:17,208 --> 00:04:20,125
as if everything had disappeared
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00:04:20,417 --> 00:04:22,917
through the crevices in this earth.
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00:06:32,750 --> 00:06:34,125
In Santiago,
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00:06:34,542 --> 00:06:37,500
many people look at the Cordillera
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only when they take the subway.
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These frescos were painted
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by my friend Guillermo Muรฑoz.
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He lives in Spain.
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00:06:53,208 --> 00:06:55,292
I live in France.
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Neither he nor I
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00:06:59,375 --> 00:07:03,458
has ever returned
to live in our country.
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00:07:06,042 --> 00:07:10,042
We dream of Chile from afar.
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00:07:14,167 --> 00:07:18,333
The Cordillera,
with its strength and its personality,
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00:07:18,500 --> 00:07:21,750
is the metaphor of this dream.
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However, in my childhood,
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I felt no curiosity
for the Andes mountains.
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00:07:32,875 --> 00:07:36,667
My generation was far too busy
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00:07:36,833 --> 00:07:40,000
building a new society.
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00:07:41,042 --> 00:07:45,417
The Cordillera was not revolutionary.
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00:07:54,042 --> 00:07:55,417
Over the years,
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00:07:55,583 --> 00:07:59,000
my gaze has turned
towards the mountains.
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They intrigue me.
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00:08:03,833 --> 00:08:06,833
Perhaps they are the gateway
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00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,083
to an understanding
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00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:11,333
of present-day Chile.
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00:08:57,667 --> 00:09:01,708
The Cordillera is a mystery,
it can't be explained, it just exists.
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00:09:02,125 --> 00:09:04,458
Looking at it, one is always...
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in a dreamlike state.
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00:09:08,875 --> 00:09:11,125
It is the material of dreams.
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The material of dreams, standing there.
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And we are here.
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We feel soothed and always accompanied.
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It is like the back of a chair.
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It doesn't fall forwards or backwards.
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00:09:39,458 --> 00:09:42,292
When I evoke the beauty
of the Cordillera,
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00:09:42,458 --> 00:09:45,167
I mean its overall beauty,
tragic, marvelous,
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I mean its strength.
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00:09:49,708 --> 00:09:51,500
And its gentleness, too.
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00:09:51,667 --> 00:09:54,125
There is nothing gentler
than its valleys,
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those famous humid areas.
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00:09:58,417 --> 00:10:00,125
There is nothing gentler.
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00:10:00,292 --> 00:10:02,333
There are so many birds.
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The way the grasses move.
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00:10:06,083 --> 00:10:08,208
The grasses and the llareta.
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00:10:08,375 --> 00:10:11,708
That plant which grows
for over a thousand years,
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forming green mounds.
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00:10:18,208 --> 00:10:19,583
And the wind.
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00:10:20,417 --> 00:10:22,833
Today, the Raco is blowing.
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00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:26,375
When it arrives, in the evening,
you can smell a different odor.
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00:10:27,167 --> 00:10:31,000
The odor of the foothills
of the Cordillera,
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whose rocks are very acid.
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00:10:33,250 --> 00:10:36,500
In order to get to know the Andes
and love them,
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you must know the origins of this wind,
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00:10:39,542 --> 00:10:43,417
that blows across the mountains
and speaks to us
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00:10:45,042 --> 00:10:47,833
through its music and its odor,
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00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:49,958
the aroma of the wind.
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00:10:50,125 --> 00:10:53,125
An odor of rocks, of vegetation.
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00:11:06,625 --> 00:11:08,708
This is reality, I am facing it.
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00:11:08,875 --> 00:11:10,583
I came back here.
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00:11:10,750 --> 00:11:13,042
I don't need anything else.
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00:11:21,083 --> 00:11:22,500
Being in the Andes
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00:11:22,667 --> 00:11:25,250
is like being inside a chest.
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A chest that contains
the profoundest poetic laws.
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It is as if the Andes
contained everything.
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There are ravines, glaciers,
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water in its purest state.
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00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:02,917
Everything happens within the Andes.
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It is all within.
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00:12:05,083 --> 00:12:08,333
When you've lived in the Andes
for many years,
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00:12:08,500 --> 00:12:12,667
you feel like you are inside
a large, rocky container,
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00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,792
a rock that contains everything.
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00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:20,167
You enter into the area
I showed on the map,
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00:12:20,333 --> 00:12:22,917
a labyrinth of gorges.
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00:12:23,667 --> 00:12:24,917
It is a labyrinth.
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00:12:29,125 --> 00:12:32,958
This is where we find
the traces of our ancestors,
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00:12:33,125 --> 00:12:34,625
the Quechuas...
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00:12:35,125 --> 00:12:38,792
Our culture is 20,000 years old,
not 500.
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00:12:39,583 --> 00:12:41,958
That's 20,000 years of traces.
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00:14:06,458 --> 00:14:08,583
This is a combination
of iron and stone.
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00:14:09,208 --> 00:14:12,875
I use stones from my quarry,
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and local wrought iron, too.
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00:14:19,042 --> 00:14:20,417
This, up here,
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is the ship.
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00:14:22,833 --> 00:14:27,375
This craft is closely linked
to the Cordillera.
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00:14:27,542 --> 00:14:31,792
It reminds us that half of our blood
comes from Valparaiso.
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00:14:32,125 --> 00:14:33,250
The ship.
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00:14:35,208 --> 00:14:36,833
This is the Rose of the Winds.
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00:14:37,875 --> 00:14:41,667
We use it to read the position
of the stars, to navigate...
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00:14:42,958 --> 00:14:47,042
That is how the other half
of our blood arrived, by sea.
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00:14:53,792 --> 00:14:56,958
I am a sculptor,
and the Cordillera told me what to do.
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00:14:57,125 --> 00:14:58,417
We are artists.
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00:14:58,583 --> 00:15:02,292
An artist is the guardian
of his country's beauty.
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00:15:02,917 --> 00:15:07,208
An artist must watch over
his country's beauty, wherever that is.
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00:15:13,042 --> 00:15:17,792
A country that leaves 80%
of its territory abandoned is not viable.
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00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:20,542
It is not a reliable country.
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00:15:20,708 --> 00:15:24,292
The Andes represent
80% of Chilean territory.
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Abandoned!
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00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:31,625
This country must take care
of its Cordillera.
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00:15:32,875 --> 00:15:36,792
It must take care of 80% of itself.
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00:16:30,917 --> 00:16:33,167
The Cordillera is a great mystery,
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00:16:33,875 --> 00:16:36,667
it doesn't reveal its essence.
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00:16:38,417 --> 00:16:41,125
I say this because of my profession.
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When I gather or extract a rock
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from a mountain in the Cordillera,
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00:16:48,875 --> 00:16:52,208
I do so in order to open it
and find out what is inside.
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00:16:54,750 --> 00:16:56,542
The Cordillera reminds me
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00:16:56,958 --> 00:17:00,250
of the need I always felt, as a child,
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00:17:00,417 --> 00:17:03,708
when I accompanied my father,
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00:17:03,875 --> 00:17:05,917
to find out what there was
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00:17:06,083 --> 00:17:08,125
behind each mountain.
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It was a mystery to me.
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00:17:12,083 --> 00:17:14,750
I crossed one mountain,
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00:17:15,333 --> 00:17:17,458
and I discovered another one.
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00:17:18,792 --> 00:17:20,667
That's typical of the Cordillera.
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00:17:20,833 --> 00:17:24,750
We feel a constant need
to know what lies beyond.
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00:17:44,250 --> 00:17:47,417
The Cordillera is an endless
horizontal enclosure,
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00:17:47,583 --> 00:17:49,250
longer than it is high,
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00:17:49,417 --> 00:17:54,333
despite its 8,000 meter height,
6,000 in Chile.
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This landmark is always present.
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00:17:59,708 --> 00:18:01,708
More than physical,
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I believe it is a cultural landmark.
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00:18:08,125 --> 00:18:11,500
It is difficult to define,
because I breathe it.
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00:18:12,375 --> 00:18:15,792
I am part of a landscape
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with certain characteristics.
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00:18:19,125 --> 00:18:21,250
It is not a valley,
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I live amongst the mountains.
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Between the mountains and the sea.
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These spaces form a kind of island.
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00:18:34,667 --> 00:18:38,167
They protect me,
but, at the same time,
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00:18:39,958 --> 00:18:41,375
they isolate me.
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00:19:04,750 --> 00:19:07,542
I have always felt
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that time passes more slowly in Chile,
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00:19:11,833 --> 00:19:15,917
perhaps it is because
of this wall of rocks.
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00:19:19,375 --> 00:19:22,083
As I travel through the mountains,
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00:19:22,375 --> 00:19:26,542
I feel the past is closer to me.
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00:19:27,833 --> 00:19:31,458
I remember things
I thought I had forgotten.
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00:19:43,833 --> 00:19:47,750
Santiago turns its back on the Cordillera,
it doesn't look at it.
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00:19:48,292 --> 00:19:50,792
It doesn't go to it,
doesn't understand it.
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When I look at the Cordillera,
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00:19:54,833 --> 00:19:58,000
I see millions of years
of evolution exposed.
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00:19:58,750 --> 00:20:01,333
As you penetrate further
into the mountains,
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you discover peaks
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00:20:04,583 --> 00:20:08,667
that weren't visible
from the central valley.
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What is more, you go back in time.
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00:20:12,458 --> 00:20:15,583
The further you go into the Cordillera,
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00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:20,292
the further you walk in,
the further you travel back in time.
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00:20:21,500 --> 00:20:24,083
There are traces of worlds,
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each one more ancient,
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as you travel through the Cordillera.
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I grew up
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looking at the Cordillera,
especially one volcano.
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I asked myself many questions.
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Many questions about this volcano.
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00:20:44,917 --> 00:20:46,708
Why is there a part missing?
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00:20:46,875 --> 00:20:49,750
Why do we see flashes above it?
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00:20:51,167 --> 00:20:54,250
There were stories about a big eruption
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00:20:54,417 --> 00:20:57,917
that occurred
when my grandparents were children.
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00:20:58,250 --> 00:21:01,917
This volcano evoked a certain mystery.
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00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:13,708
When my brother was a kid,
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he said something
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that made sense to me,
that the Cordillera was like a mother.
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Even if you couldn't see her,
you knew she was there.
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00:21:27,875 --> 00:21:31,417
I feel that the Cordillera
is protective.
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00:21:32,750 --> 00:21:36,125
But I've sometimes thought of it as...
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something that separates,
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isolates us from all that is beyond it,
from the whole world.
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00:21:57,500 --> 00:21:58,750
Geographically,
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00:21:58,917 --> 00:22:03,500
the Cordillera is like a wall
that separates us from the world,
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00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:04,833
or like a wall
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00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,375
that protects us
from the rest of the world.
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00:22:07,792 --> 00:22:10,292
There is this double aspect.
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00:22:11,917 --> 00:22:16,625
I like to think of the Cordillera
as a sea
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that makes us an island.
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00:22:19,583 --> 00:22:21,667
I like this idea of islands,
196
00:22:21,833 --> 00:22:26,083
because islands create cultures
that are closed and powerful,
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00:22:26,250 --> 00:22:28,583
with a strong local identity.
198
00:22:29,167 --> 00:22:32,875
One of the biggest revelations
when you enter the Cordillera,
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on foot, on horseback, or in a car,
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00:22:36,833 --> 00:22:40,125
is that it forms a whole country,
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00:22:40,708 --> 00:22:42,542
that lives alongside ours.
202
00:22:42,708 --> 00:22:44,708
In some places,
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00:22:44,875 --> 00:22:48,958
the Cordillera is as wide
as Chile of the valleys.
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00:22:51,458 --> 00:22:56,083
The Cordillera has two dimensions:
its width,
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00:22:56,667 --> 00:22:58,250
and its length.
206
00:23:13,292 --> 00:23:14,083
The Cordillera
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00:23:14,250 --> 00:23:19,292
is like the image on the matchboxes,
we imagine that if we reach up
208
00:23:19,458 --> 00:23:22,583
and peer over the summit,
we can see Argentina.
209
00:23:22,750 --> 00:23:25,417
It's like a theatre set.
210
00:23:40,708 --> 00:23:45,417
When I was a child,
my first sight of the Cordillera
211
00:23:45,583 --> 00:23:48,583
was on the matchboxes.
212
00:23:50,958 --> 00:23:54,667
It is as though time has stood still.
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00:23:55,250 --> 00:23:58,542
Today's matchboxes are the same.
214
00:24:00,375 --> 00:24:03,625
They inspire me to visit
my neighborhood.
215
00:24:06,417 --> 00:24:07,750
Between these walls,
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00:24:08,208 --> 00:24:10,333
my memories are stored.
217
00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:14,042
This is where I was born
and learnt to walk.
218
00:24:15,625 --> 00:24:17,042
I played here
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00:24:17,708 --> 00:24:20,792
and learnt to be who I am today.
220
00:24:22,417 --> 00:24:24,417
Years later,
221
00:24:24,792 --> 00:24:27,625
when the house
was no longer mine,
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00:24:27,792 --> 00:24:30,333
somebody painted the ruins.
223
00:24:33,875 --> 00:24:35,333
By some miracle,
224
00:24:35,500 --> 00:24:39,042
no skyscraper has been erected here,
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00:24:39,208 --> 00:24:42,083
and my camera is able to film
226
00:24:42,250 --> 00:24:45,125
the ruins of my childhood.
227
00:25:19,917 --> 00:25:22,125
Later on, I lived
228
00:25:22,292 --> 00:25:25,167
in this other house with my family.
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00:25:27,208 --> 00:25:31,333
When I lived here,
I was an adult and a filmmaker.
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00:25:32,250 --> 00:25:34,167
In the '70's,
231
00:25:34,958 --> 00:25:37,917
when I was thirty,
this was where I prepared
232
00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:41,125
my documentary
The Battle of Chile.
233
00:25:42,083 --> 00:25:46,083
We were a small team of five.
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00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:47,958
We filmed everything:
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00:25:48,125 --> 00:25:51,750
first the enthusiasm,
which carried us far,
236
00:25:51,917 --> 00:25:55,000
us and the entire population.
237
00:25:55,292 --> 00:25:56,083
Then,
238
00:25:56,708 --> 00:26:00,875
the tensions that led
to the coup d'Etat.
239
00:26:02,875 --> 00:26:06,000
Each morning, we would leave here.
240
00:26:07,750 --> 00:26:09,750
On the day of the coup,
241
00:26:09,917 --> 00:26:14,667
I returned for the last time,
with the last reel in my hand.
242
00:26:16,958 --> 00:26:20,042
I never imagined that
The Battle of Chile
243
00:26:20,500 --> 00:26:23,167
would still be alive today.
244
00:26:25,083 --> 00:26:29,917
This film is like the reflection
of a past that is pursuing me.
245
00:26:48,417 --> 00:26:49,542
The coup d'Etat
246
00:26:49,708 --> 00:26:53,167
was a violent earthquake
247
00:26:53,333 --> 00:26:56,792
that changed our lives forever.
248
00:26:59,083 --> 00:27:03,292
We were caught up
in a massive explosion.
249
00:27:05,792 --> 00:27:09,500
We remained silent, imprisoned.
250
00:27:10,375 --> 00:27:15,042
Millions of people felt a deep fear,
251
00:27:15,208 --> 00:27:18,667
that we'd never felt before.
252
00:27:20,708 --> 00:27:24,542
For years,
we hid from our children
253
00:27:24,708 --> 00:27:28,333
what had happened,
and what was still happening.
254
00:27:33,292 --> 00:27:36,708
I remember the insecurity
255
00:27:36,875 --> 00:27:39,792
a child feels when he realizes
256
00:27:40,125 --> 00:27:43,250
that the adults are distraught.
257
00:27:44,667 --> 00:27:47,750
It still moves me, today.
258
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That insecurity you feel
259
00:27:51,542 --> 00:27:56,125
when you see that the adults,
your parents,
260
00:27:58,542 --> 00:28:01,792
are bewildered at the danger,
261
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scared,
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00:28:04,583 --> 00:28:06,500
and rather puzzled, too.
263
00:28:09,083 --> 00:28:13,292
Puzzled about the violence
264
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that was taken to the extreme.
265
00:28:17,667 --> 00:28:19,958
When I was a child,
266
00:28:20,125 --> 00:28:23,542
I witnessed savage acts,
267
00:28:24,958 --> 00:28:28,333
police raids during the night
while we were sleeping,
268
00:28:28,500 --> 00:28:30,458
they pulled us out of bed.
269
00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:35,208
Soldiers with helmets
came into our rooms,
270
00:28:35,375 --> 00:28:36,875
they lifted up the mattresses,
271
00:28:37,042 --> 00:28:40,583
they even searched the dollhouse,
272
00:28:40,750 --> 00:28:43,667
supposedly looking for weapons.
273
00:28:45,458 --> 00:28:48,583
A musician with weapons in his house,
how absurd.
274
00:28:50,375 --> 00:28:54,542
I remember being
behind the railings in my school,
275
00:28:56,458 --> 00:29:01,125
the Latinoamericano high school
in Pedro de Valdivia.
276
00:29:01,292 --> 00:29:03,875
I was clinging on with other children,
277
00:29:04,042 --> 00:29:07,042
watching the tanks go by.
278
00:29:07,333 --> 00:29:08,583
I remember
279
00:29:08,750 --> 00:29:12,417
that the adults
were completely distraught.
280
00:29:12,583 --> 00:29:15,500
We heard everything that was going on.
281
00:29:15,667 --> 00:29:19,833
People said that Victor Jara had died,
they cried.
282
00:29:31,375 --> 00:29:34,125
In my school, when I was very young,
283
00:29:35,292 --> 00:29:37,750
the desks sometimes began to tremble.
284
00:29:38,167 --> 00:29:41,333
Then, we would hear a terrible noise,
285
00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:43,125
hellish.
286
00:29:43,917 --> 00:29:45,917
It came from war planes,
287
00:29:46,792 --> 00:29:49,083
flying very low.
288
00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:52,292
Us children, in that classroom,
289
00:29:52,458 --> 00:29:54,042
we were petrified.
290
00:29:55,167 --> 00:29:56,542
We cried.
291
00:29:56,708 --> 00:29:59,917
It was horrible to feel that force,
292
00:30:00,083 --> 00:30:01,875
that deafening noise,
293
00:30:02,042 --> 00:30:06,750
passing by, so close to the ground.
294
00:30:07,792 --> 00:30:09,125
We were...
295
00:30:09,875 --> 00:30:14,167
We began to ask the adults questions:
296
00:30:14,333 --> 00:30:15,708
"Why is this happening?"
297
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:31,875
They placed me under house arrest
with my family.
298
00:30:32,042 --> 00:30:34,417
Those were four very hard years.
299
00:30:34,583 --> 00:30:36,958
Four years of house arrest.
300
00:30:37,125 --> 00:30:42,000
People under house arrest
were hostages of the junta.
301
00:30:42,167 --> 00:30:45,250
If something happened
to a member of the military,
302
00:30:45,417 --> 00:30:49,000
or a member of the government,
303
00:30:49,417 --> 00:30:52,583
we could be sure
they'd come to us that night,
304
00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:56,458
that we'd be lined up against a wall,
305
00:30:56,625 --> 00:30:59,208
or taken down to the police station.
306
00:30:59,625 --> 00:31:02,458
I didn't have a lock on my door,
307
00:31:03,458 --> 00:31:05,917
because I knew
that they'd force it open.
308
00:31:06,083 --> 00:31:09,250
We would often wake up
with a machine gun here.
309
00:31:25,833 --> 00:31:28,625
In the first days after the coup,
310
00:31:28,792 --> 00:31:31,542
I felt extremely panicked.
311
00:31:34,125 --> 00:31:36,250
Shut away in my house,
312
00:31:36,417 --> 00:31:39,417
I played a lot with my daughters
313
00:31:39,792 --> 00:31:42,792
so that they wouldn't realize
what was happening.
314
00:31:45,208 --> 00:31:48,417
I didn't dare go out into the street.
315
00:31:50,542 --> 00:31:55,083
I started to go through my documents,
in no particular order.
316
00:31:56,083 --> 00:31:59,667
I didn't dare burn the journals,
317
00:31:59,833 --> 00:32:02,417
or the newspapers and documents
318
00:32:02,583 --> 00:32:06,583
that I'd gathered
for the making of my film.
319
00:32:09,542 --> 00:32:11,917
I didn't know what to do.
320
00:32:16,667 --> 00:32:20,167
Three or four days went by like this,
321
00:32:20,333 --> 00:32:22,083
until the police
322
00:32:22,250 --> 00:32:25,958
came to my house to arrest me.
323
00:32:31,125 --> 00:32:32,708
A long time ago,
324
00:32:32,875 --> 00:32:35,083
when I was twenty years old,
325
00:32:35,250 --> 00:32:39,667
the football World Cup took place here.
326
00:32:41,208 --> 00:32:44,292
I came to watch the Italy-Chile match,
327
00:32:44,458 --> 00:32:46,667
that was won by Italy.
328
00:32:47,708 --> 00:32:49,708
But a few days later,
329
00:32:49,875 --> 00:32:52,042
a miracle happened:
330
00:32:52,208 --> 00:32:57,667
Chile managed to come third place
in the World Cup.
331
00:32:58,500 --> 00:33:01,917
We were ranked third in the world!
332
00:33:02,542 --> 00:33:06,458
I remember that the party lasted
for a few months.
333
00:33:08,917 --> 00:33:10,083
Later on,
334
00:33:10,375 --> 00:33:12,250
I came back to the stadium,
335
00:33:12,417 --> 00:33:14,958
but as a political prisoner.
336
00:33:16,292 --> 00:33:19,625
This time,
there were several thousand of us.
337
00:33:20,833 --> 00:33:23,250
I was held prisoner for two weeks,
338
00:33:23,417 --> 00:33:25,792
without the military finding out
339
00:33:25,958 --> 00:33:29,208
where my film reels were.
340
00:33:30,333 --> 00:33:32,542
I remember perfectly
341
00:33:32,708 --> 00:33:36,208
this view of the score board.
342
00:33:39,333 --> 00:33:41,708
After that coup d'Etat,
343
00:33:41,875 --> 00:33:44,583
I never lived in Chile again,
344
00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:49,000
although I dedicated my whole career
to my country.
345
00:33:58,500 --> 00:34:03,667
Afterwards, I left the stadium,
then I left Chile
346
00:34:03,833 --> 00:34:06,125
to save my film reels.
347
00:34:07,208 --> 00:34:11,292
During that time,
other people carried on filming.
348
00:34:12,708 --> 00:34:16,000
One of those people is Pablo Salas.
349
00:34:39,833 --> 00:34:43,250
Pablo could have been arrested,
350
00:34:43,417 --> 00:34:45,458
tortured,
351
00:34:45,625 --> 00:34:48,708
or even murdered.
352
00:34:48,875 --> 00:34:52,375
Miraculously, nothing happened to him.
353
00:34:53,792 --> 00:34:57,250
Without him,
we wouldn't have so many images
354
00:34:57,417 --> 00:34:59,708
of the resistance against Pinochet.
355
00:35:01,917 --> 00:35:03,625
For thirty-seven years,
356
00:35:04,208 --> 00:35:07,500
he has never stopped filming.
357
00:35:10,042 --> 00:35:13,708
He may be the only filmmaker
in Latin America,
358
00:35:13,875 --> 00:35:16,125
and one of few in the world,
359
00:35:16,292 --> 00:35:18,750
to have filmed, for such a long time,
360
00:35:18,917 --> 00:35:20,708
his own reality.
361
00:35:27,833 --> 00:35:29,625
Thanks to his images,
362
00:35:29,792 --> 00:35:32,292
we could reconstruct today
363
00:35:32,458 --> 00:35:35,500
the years we lost
of the history of Chile.
364
00:35:40,875 --> 00:35:42,833
When did you start?
365
00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:44,042
To film?
366
00:35:44,208 --> 00:35:46,083
In 1982 or 1983.
367
00:35:46,250 --> 00:35:48,417
And you never stopped.
368
00:35:48,583 --> 00:35:51,667
I carried on until 1990,
when Alwin arrived
369
00:35:51,833 --> 00:35:54,042
and Pinochet left.
370
00:35:55,458 --> 00:35:59,125
I went to Belgium for two years,
I came back in 1994.
371
00:35:59,458 --> 00:36:02,000
Then new directors appeared.
372
00:36:02,167 --> 00:36:04,458
There are many young people.
373
00:36:04,625 --> 00:36:07,208
Still today, there are young people
374
00:36:07,875 --> 00:36:09,917
who make documentary films.
375
00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:18,417
Whenever there is a protest march,
376
00:36:18,583 --> 00:36:21,333
and I have time, I go.
377
00:36:21,500 --> 00:36:25,208
I can always use it for my archives.
378
00:36:26,917 --> 00:36:31,125
It's my point of view, I film,
and if I get bored, I go for a beer
379
00:36:31,292 --> 00:36:32,708
and call it a day.
380
00:36:40,833 --> 00:36:43,167
On marches today, you film,
381
00:36:43,333 --> 00:36:47,333
and you're bothered by cell phones,
small cameras, a passerby.
382
00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:48,750
It's very different.
383
00:36:49,250 --> 00:36:53,750
The only time you can film properly
is when things start to get rough:
384
00:36:54,042 --> 00:36:57,708
when there are barricades,
tear gas, water jets.
385
00:36:57,875 --> 00:37:00,167
When that happens,
there are less of us.
386
00:37:00,333 --> 00:37:03,542
We can film the water jets,
the flying paving stones,
387
00:37:03,708 --> 00:37:05,542
and nobody gets in our way.
388
00:37:06,292 --> 00:37:08,167
The worst moment is the best.
389
00:37:08,333 --> 00:37:11,292
Of course,
you get a better image.
390
00:37:11,458 --> 00:37:14,125
I was on a march the other day,
391
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:16,833
people were panicking.
392
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:20,917
I climbed on something,
and I filmed the cops arresting a guy.
393
00:37:21,083 --> 00:37:24,667
I follow them, the police van arrives,
they shove him in
394
00:37:24,833 --> 00:37:27,875
and a guy with a cell phone
walks into the shot.
395
00:37:45,542 --> 00:37:48,750
They arrived at night
to the neighborhood of La Victoria,
396
00:37:48,917 --> 00:37:51,792
they surrounded the area
and began the raid.
397
00:37:51,958 --> 00:37:55,083
At 3 am, they shouted
through loudspeakers.
398
00:37:55,250 --> 00:37:57,375
They went from house to house.
399
00:37:59,125 --> 00:38:01,292
They raided the entire area.
400
00:38:01,458 --> 00:38:05,167
They took away all the men
between 15 and 65 years old,
401
00:38:05,333 --> 00:38:06,667
with no exception.
402
00:38:06,833 --> 00:38:09,167
20,000 prisoners in a stadium.
403
00:38:09,333 --> 00:38:11,833
We went to film the houses
404
00:38:12,292 --> 00:38:14,708
on which they'd hung a red triangle.
405
00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:18,375
A white sticker
with a red triangle in the middle.
406
00:38:18,542 --> 00:38:21,625
We asked, and we were told
407
00:38:21,792 --> 00:38:25,750
that the military put the stickers
on all the houses they'd raided.
408
00:38:26,208 --> 00:38:28,500
They'd taken all the men,
409
00:38:28,667 --> 00:38:31,708
an inconceivable situation
anywhere else in the world.
410
00:38:33,667 --> 00:38:34,958
We left.
411
00:38:35,333 --> 00:38:37,875
We went inside a building
412
00:38:38,625 --> 00:38:43,000
and between the 3rd or 4th floor,
a window looked onto the stadium.
413
00:38:43,708 --> 00:38:46,542
We saw that it was full of people.
414
00:38:47,083 --> 00:38:48,417
The stadium walls were high.
415
00:38:48,583 --> 00:38:52,708
I pulled myself up as high as I could
and began to film.
416
00:38:55,958 --> 00:38:58,625
The image isn't very good quality,
417
00:38:58,792 --> 00:39:01,583
but you can see the mass of prisoners.
418
00:39:02,625 --> 00:39:06,958
It was a concentration camp,
the dictatorship being well established.
419
00:39:07,125 --> 00:39:08,375
It was astonishing.
420
00:39:08,542 --> 00:39:11,833
We filmed and then quickly left.
421
00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:15,250
That was the dictatorship.
422
00:39:16,042 --> 00:39:17,458
It was terrible.
423
00:39:17,625 --> 00:39:20,333
Those raids were frequent everywhere,
424
00:39:20,500 --> 00:39:22,542
not just in the poor areas,
425
00:39:22,708 --> 00:39:25,000
in other neighborhoods, too.
426
00:39:26,042 --> 00:39:28,208
There, they were less forceful.
427
00:39:28,375 --> 00:39:29,958
The case of La Victoria
428
00:39:30,125 --> 00:39:32,792
was extreme violence,
they arrested all the men.
429
00:39:44,667 --> 00:39:47,375
When I see Pablo's images,
430
00:39:47,583 --> 00:39:53,083
I realize our lives
took different paths.
431
00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:58,417
Pablo is one of those who stayed.
432
00:39:58,833 --> 00:40:02,167
I am one of those who fled.
433
00:40:02,833 --> 00:40:04,542
But we both have
434
00:40:04,708 --> 00:40:06,625
something in common:
435
00:40:07,167 --> 00:40:08,583
we were marked
436
00:40:08,875 --> 00:40:10,833
by the same utopia.
437
00:40:12,208 --> 00:40:15,083
Now, I'd like to step
438
00:40:15,250 --> 00:40:16,917
into his time machine.
439
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:21,417
I wanted to show what was happening.
440
00:40:21,583 --> 00:40:23,792
To show it here, not abroad.
441
00:40:23,958 --> 00:40:25,708
People knew about it abroad.
442
00:40:25,875 --> 00:40:29,750
From the very first day:
the prisoners in the stadium,
443
00:40:29,917 --> 00:40:33,708
the dead in the Mapocho river,
prisoners in the concentration camps.
444
00:40:33,875 --> 00:40:36,250
It was shown abroad, but not here.
445
00:40:36,417 --> 00:40:39,375
Here, they told us whatever they wanted.
446
00:40:39,542 --> 00:40:42,792
When the demonstrations began,
I wanted to show them here.
447
00:40:43,875 --> 00:40:46,333
When the dictatorship finished,
448
00:40:46,500 --> 00:40:49,875
I found myself with all these tapes.
449
00:40:50,625 --> 00:40:54,125
I tried not to erase them,
although I often had to.
450
00:40:56,375 --> 00:40:59,250
These archives were created
from nothing.
451
00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:03,917
They came from my desire
to show what was happening.
452
00:41:04,083 --> 00:41:07,583
I got myself into this,
453
00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:10,542
and I have to carry on,
I don't know why.
454
00:41:10,708 --> 00:41:12,625
I'd like to pass the torch on.
455
00:41:12,792 --> 00:41:14,542
How long has it been?
456
00:41:14,708 --> 00:41:16,333
It's been 27 years
457
00:41:17,542 --> 00:41:20,500
since the end
of Pinochet's dictatorship,
458
00:41:20,667 --> 00:41:23,125
and each time I changed office,
459
00:41:23,292 --> 00:41:26,292
I had to carry around all these tapes.
460
00:42:04,250 --> 00:42:06,375
This is a twenty-minute tape.
461
00:42:08,250 --> 00:42:09,333
20 minutes.
462
00:42:10,042 --> 00:42:13,083
Later on,
there were these kinds of tapes.
463
00:42:14,625 --> 00:42:16,083
It is smaller,
464
00:42:16,917 --> 00:42:18,875
and you can film 4 hours.
465
00:42:19,375 --> 00:42:20,500
4 hours.
466
00:42:21,375 --> 00:42:22,958
That's just how it is.
467
00:42:23,125 --> 00:42:27,083
This is a hard drive
on which you can store
468
00:42:27,958 --> 00:42:29,500
1,200 hours.
469
00:42:30,625 --> 00:42:32,292
This has changed our lives.
470
00:42:32,458 --> 00:42:34,625
And look at the battery.
471
00:42:34,792 --> 00:42:37,083
This one lasts for 3 hours.
472
00:42:38,500 --> 00:42:40,417
Unimaginable, in those days.
473
00:42:40,958 --> 00:42:44,625
At night, on "economy" mode,
you can film everything.
474
00:42:48,708 --> 00:42:52,792
If we'd had today's equipment
back then...
475
00:42:53,125 --> 00:42:57,000
I think I should have filmed more.
476
00:42:57,167 --> 00:43:00,917
I had the chance, but I didn't do it.
477
00:43:01,083 --> 00:43:03,208
I did what I could.
478
00:43:05,250 --> 00:43:08,417
There was so much to do.
479
00:43:15,250 --> 00:43:17,000
Murderers!
480
00:43:17,167 --> 00:43:18,458
Damn cop!
481
00:43:19,917 --> 00:43:21,667
Kill him, damn cop!
482
00:43:23,417 --> 00:43:25,000
"All human beings
483
00:43:25,167 --> 00:43:29,083
are born free and equal
in dignity and rights.
484
00:43:29,250 --> 00:43:32,500
They are endowed with reason
and conscience
485
00:43:32,667 --> 00:43:35,583
and should act
in a spirit of brotherhood."
486
00:44:24,625 --> 00:44:29,167
"Can an accomplice of torture
speak on television?
487
00:44:29,333 --> 00:44:31,250
No, he can't!
488
00:44:31,583 --> 00:44:36,792
Can an accomplice of torture
speak of democracy on television?
489
00:44:36,958 --> 00:44:38,792
No, he can't!
490
00:44:39,167 --> 00:44:43,250
Can an accomplice of torture
speak of justice?
491
00:44:43,417 --> 00:44:45,292
No, he can't!
492
00:44:45,625 --> 00:44:49,292
Can a Catholic television channel
stay quiet about torture?
493
00:44:49,458 --> 00:44:51,208
No, it can't!
494
00:44:51,625 --> 00:44:54,792
Eduardo Jara, died under torture:
495
00:44:54,958 --> 00:44:57,458
television is an accomplice!
496
00:44:57,625 --> 00:45:00,833
About the deaths during fake conflicts:
497
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:03,167
television is lying!
498
00:45:03,583 --> 00:45:06,208
About the disappeared prisoners:
499
00:45:06,750 --> 00:45:08,458
television is lying!"
500
00:45:40,083 --> 00:45:42,500
Thirteen years of dictatorship,
501
00:45:42,667 --> 00:45:44,875
stop the torture!
502
00:45:59,750 --> 00:46:01,875
Don't hit me!
503
00:46:16,375 --> 00:46:19,208
University of Chile free!
504
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,667
He will fall!
505
00:46:31,333 --> 00:46:33,167
You can feel it!
506
00:46:33,458 --> 00:46:35,458
Allende is here!
507
00:46:39,292 --> 00:46:41,625
The leftwinger became
508
00:46:42,083 --> 00:46:45,583
the enemy targeted by this firestorm.
509
00:46:45,750 --> 00:46:47,667
He wasn't considered human
by the right wing.
510
00:46:47,833 --> 00:46:51,542
The right had assigned him,
through the media and propaganda,
511
00:46:51,708 --> 00:46:54,708
all possible and imaginable aberrations:
512
00:46:55,333 --> 00:46:57,708
insensitive, atheist,
513
00:46:58,167 --> 00:47:00,750
inhumane, unpatriotic,
514
00:47:01,500 --> 00:47:02,750
child eater,
515
00:47:02,917 --> 00:47:05,458
destroyer of the country
and its institutions,
516
00:47:05,625 --> 00:47:08,708
of the Church and national values.
517
00:47:08,875 --> 00:47:13,333
The leftwinger became a demon
that had to be eliminated.
518
00:47:13,708 --> 00:47:15,500
As we said,
519
00:47:15,667 --> 00:47:19,167
we reached a logic
520
00:47:19,708 --> 00:47:22,625
comparable to the Nazi mentality:
521
00:47:22,792 --> 00:47:25,708
seeing society as a single organ
522
00:47:25,875 --> 00:47:29,000
of which certain elements were sick.
523
00:47:29,167 --> 00:47:33,500
They even implied that some Chileans
were cancers,
524
00:47:33,667 --> 00:47:35,542
tumors that had to be eradicated.
525
00:47:39,292 --> 00:47:41,042
Murderers!
526
00:47:51,958 --> 00:47:56,917
154 women killed by the dictatorship!
527
00:47:57,083 --> 00:47:58,833
We demand punishment!
528
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:00,667
No to impunity!
529
00:48:00,833 --> 00:48:06,625
450,000 women tortured
by the dictatorship!
530
00:48:15,542 --> 00:48:16,625
Call a doctor!
531
00:48:16,792 --> 00:48:18,458
Move away!
532
00:48:20,667 --> 00:48:23,083
What happened in Chile was a storm,
533
00:48:23,250 --> 00:48:26,000
I could call it archetypal:
534
00:48:26,167 --> 00:48:27,958
Good against evil.
535
00:48:28,125 --> 00:48:31,333
Evil, was the people,
536
00:48:31,875 --> 00:48:34,125
civilians, unarmed people,
537
00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:37,333
children, young people...
538
00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:39,292
It was blindness,
539
00:48:40,417 --> 00:48:43,708
a mythological blindness:
540
00:48:43,875 --> 00:48:46,167
we are fighting demons.
541
00:48:46,333 --> 00:48:50,083
A blindness that allowed
the dehumanization of others
542
00:48:50,875 --> 00:48:54,167
to the extent of torturing them
with electricity,
543
00:48:55,833 --> 00:48:58,125
butchering them, poisoning them,
544
00:48:58,292 --> 00:49:00,000
mutilating them,
545
00:49:01,375 --> 00:49:04,458
making them explode,
making them disappear.
546
00:49:05,458 --> 00:49:08,125
It was a kind of fury.
547
00:49:14,625 --> 00:49:16,917
I'm at a loss for words!
548
00:49:50,333 --> 00:49:53,167
During the entire dictatorship,
549
00:49:53,708 --> 00:49:57,375
the Cordillera remained in its place.
550
00:49:58,583 --> 00:50:03,000
Perhaps it watched us
without us knowing.
551
00:50:03,667 --> 00:50:05,542
I never thought of this before,
552
00:50:05,708 --> 00:50:09,500
but I believe the mountain is a witness.
553
00:50:10,583 --> 00:50:14,042
It has seen things
that people tried to hide from us.
554
00:50:16,458 --> 00:50:20,583
If we could translate
what the rocks say,
555
00:50:20,750 --> 00:50:24,542
we would have the missing answers,
today.
556
00:50:35,292 --> 00:50:39,708
What I and the others were able to film
during the dictatorship,
557
00:50:39,875 --> 00:50:42,208
isn't even 5%
of the dictatorship's atrocities.
558
00:50:42,375 --> 00:50:47,583
The dictatorship tortured, killed,
drove people into exile,
559
00:50:49,833 --> 00:50:51,542
it used intimidation...
560
00:50:52,000 --> 00:50:54,042
None of that was filmed.
561
00:50:55,167 --> 00:50:56,875
It wasn't filmed.
562
00:50:59,417 --> 00:51:04,167
Witnessing torture,
I believe that's something else.
563
00:51:04,333 --> 00:51:05,625
That hasn't been filmed.
564
00:51:05,792 --> 00:51:07,708
The images we have
565
00:51:07,875 --> 00:51:11,583
give us an idea of how awful
the dictatorship was.
566
00:51:11,750 --> 00:51:13,417
We can imagine the rest.
567
00:51:14,750 --> 00:51:17,583
That all happened
during the dictatorship.
568
00:51:17,750 --> 00:51:19,125
Nobody can say
569
00:51:19,292 --> 00:51:21,833
that we didn't know,
that we never knew.
570
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:25,500
We found out everything instantly,
or soon after.
571
00:51:27,792 --> 00:51:31,542
Fifteen or twenty years later,
we can't say that we never knew.
572
00:51:31,708 --> 00:51:34,250
Until Pinochet's arrest in London,
573
00:51:34,417 --> 00:51:39,458
they continued to deny the disappeared.
That was in 1998, 2000!
574
00:51:39,625 --> 00:51:42,667
They continued to deny
the disappeared and the torture.
575
00:51:42,833 --> 00:51:44,875
They insisted that it was abuse.
576
00:51:45,042 --> 00:51:46,250
Last week,
577
00:51:46,417 --> 00:51:49,125
they said there were some "errors".
578
00:51:49,292 --> 00:51:53,292
The others quickly rectified this:
horrors, not errors!
579
00:51:53,792 --> 00:51:57,500
Justice! We want justice!
580
00:52:28,167 --> 00:52:29,958
Murderers!
581
00:53:19,375 --> 00:53:22,833
I think that the actors of the coup
and the dictatorship
582
00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:24,917
believe they did the right thing.
583
00:53:25,083 --> 00:53:27,250
They are still under the effect
584
00:53:27,875 --> 00:53:29,875
of this spell,
585
00:53:30,833 --> 00:53:34,542
I don't know what to call it,
this bewitchment.
586
00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:38,292
They thought they were fighting
a deadly enemy
587
00:53:38,458 --> 00:53:41,167
who was going to plunge the country
588
00:53:41,333 --> 00:53:43,708
into terrible chaos.
589
00:53:43,875 --> 00:53:46,125
And they are still under the effects
590
00:53:46,750 --> 00:53:48,250
of this spell,
591
00:53:48,417 --> 00:53:51,625
that makes them see this
as an epic battle.
592
00:53:51,917 --> 00:53:55,625
The few people who have managed
to break the spell
593
00:53:55,792 --> 00:53:58,083
and see what they really did,
594
00:53:58,250 --> 00:54:01,958
killing defenseless men,
women and children,
595
00:54:03,167 --> 00:54:05,000
those people have two options:
596
00:54:06,250 --> 00:54:09,583
anguish, discretion and withdrawal,
597
00:54:09,750 --> 00:54:11,083
or denial,
598
00:54:11,250 --> 00:54:15,000
which is the most common
and easiest choice,
599
00:54:15,167 --> 00:54:18,167
the one that gives you peace of mind.
600
00:54:18,333 --> 00:54:21,333
I believe that all those people
601
00:54:21,500 --> 00:54:24,542
will die convinced
that they did their country good.
602
00:54:24,708 --> 00:54:27,000
They are still under the spell.
603
00:54:27,833 --> 00:54:30,167
Is denial ignoring the facts?
604
00:54:30,333 --> 00:54:31,125
Of course.
605
00:54:31,292 --> 00:54:34,292
Not ignoring them, reinterpreting them.
606
00:54:34,458 --> 00:54:38,958
They interpret the facts
from a very fascist point of view:
607
00:54:39,292 --> 00:54:41,000
mythical, epic.
608
00:54:41,458 --> 00:54:44,542
When what actually happened
was ordinary, banal,
609
00:54:45,083 --> 00:54:46,292
and heinous.
610
00:54:59,792 --> 00:55:04,042
There was a continuity
between the civil political putschists
611
00:55:04,208 --> 00:55:08,625
and those who governed
for nearly the whole of the '90's.
612
00:55:08,792 --> 00:55:10,208
They were accomplices.
613
00:55:10,375 --> 00:55:13,917
A new cloak of silence was established.
614
00:55:14,083 --> 00:55:17,000
Salvador Allende's remains were returned
615
00:55:17,167 --> 00:55:20,042
and they were buried again.
616
00:55:21,542 --> 00:55:23,333
It is a metaphor.
617
00:55:23,500 --> 00:55:27,542
They take them out of one hole
to quickly put them back in another.
618
00:55:29,583 --> 00:55:31,917
That left the country
619
00:55:33,417 --> 00:55:36,042
in the dark about what had occurred.
620
00:55:52,958 --> 00:55:57,333
These paving stones have been here
for many years.
621
00:55:58,708 --> 00:56:02,625
They are made of rocks
from the Cordillera.
622
00:56:05,125 --> 00:56:09,042
When I was a child,
I loved to step on them.
623
00:56:10,250 --> 00:56:13,125
I used to break free
from my grandmother's hand
624
00:56:13,292 --> 00:56:15,542
and step on them, one by one.
625
00:56:20,583 --> 00:56:24,417
Later on,
those paving stones were the first
626
00:56:24,583 --> 00:56:29,583
to feel the footsteps of the terror
marching through the city.
627
00:56:31,875 --> 00:56:33,125
People
628
00:56:33,292 --> 00:56:36,250
discovered the sound of the tanks
629
00:56:36,750 --> 00:56:38,500
and military trucks.
630
00:56:40,375 --> 00:56:44,667
During the night, they heard noises
that nobody had ever heard.
631
00:56:45,917 --> 00:56:50,375
In the morning, they saw people
following other people.
632
00:56:53,250 --> 00:56:55,542
When they went outside,
633
00:56:55,708 --> 00:56:58,042
they walked in fear.
634
00:57:16,458 --> 00:57:20,208
If the rocks from the Cordillera
could speak,
635
00:57:20,958 --> 00:57:25,375
they would speak of the blood
that ran over them.
636
00:57:27,708 --> 00:57:29,333
Here, are engraved
637
00:57:29,500 --> 00:57:32,667
the names of some of the victims.
638
00:57:46,958 --> 00:57:51,375
There are crimes they don't admit to,
and they never will.
639
00:57:51,542 --> 00:57:56,833
They say it was abuse,
they have never issued a mea culpa.
640
00:57:57,000 --> 00:58:01,292
That is the worst thing
about today's situation.
641
00:58:07,292 --> 00:58:08,708
We ask
642
00:58:09,708 --> 00:58:12,250
for them to acknowledge their actions.
643
00:58:12,417 --> 00:58:16,583
They say they were mistakes,
that they took things too far.
644
00:58:16,750 --> 00:58:19,083
But they are happy
with the economic system.
645
00:58:19,250 --> 00:58:23,375
They continue to abuse,
and benefit from the economic system.
646
00:58:24,000 --> 00:58:25,958
They continue to get rich.
647
00:58:26,125 --> 00:58:28,208
It's true, the country has developed.
648
00:58:28,375 --> 00:58:31,208
There are almost no slum areas left now.
649
00:58:31,625 --> 00:58:34,792
Today, poor people have cars,
cell phones.
650
00:58:34,958 --> 00:58:36,583
Their lives have changed,
651
00:58:36,750 --> 00:58:40,708
they have much better lives
than at the end of the dictatorship.
652
00:58:41,292 --> 00:58:43,542
But the social differences are huge.
653
00:58:43,708 --> 00:58:47,500
Just look at the posh neighborhoods,
the seaside villas,
654
00:58:47,667 --> 00:58:50,292
or the mountain chalets...
655
00:58:51,625 --> 00:58:54,500
Or the lakeshores,
they own the lakes!
656
00:58:54,667 --> 00:58:58,042
All the beautiful lakeshore spots
are private.
657
00:58:58,208 --> 00:58:59,583
We can't access them.
658
00:59:00,875 --> 00:59:02,833
That's just the way it is.
659
00:59:03,125 --> 00:59:05,458
They are still in charge.
660
00:59:06,875 --> 00:59:08,583
The differences are huge.
661
00:59:08,750 --> 00:59:12,958
They've made highways that link
their neighborhoods to the airport,
662
00:59:13,125 --> 00:59:15,000
without passing through Santiago.
663
00:59:16,292 --> 00:59:19,083
It's an unbelievable situation.
664
00:59:20,500 --> 00:59:25,250
These people use and abuse
what Pinochet left behind.
665
00:59:25,417 --> 00:59:26,917
And still,
666
00:59:28,750 --> 00:59:32,083
they congratulate themselves
on their achievements.
667
00:59:42,708 --> 00:59:45,458
Still today,
the coup d'Etat is the winner.
668
00:59:46,667 --> 00:59:50,333
We can't forget that the coup d'Etat
669
00:59:51,333 --> 00:59:52,625
was two things:
670
00:59:53,083 --> 00:59:56,750
the establishment of an economic model,
671
00:59:58,083 --> 01:00:02,708
and the institutional structure
on which it relies.
672
01:00:02,875 --> 01:00:06,250
In other words, neoliberalism,
and the 1980 Constitution.
673
01:00:08,875 --> 01:00:11,375
All of that is still in place.
674
01:00:19,167 --> 01:00:21,042
What happened after the coup d'Etat?
675
01:00:21,208 --> 01:00:22,583
After the military coup,
676
01:00:22,750 --> 01:00:26,375
neoliberal Chile is not only
an economical experiment,
677
01:00:26,542 --> 01:00:31,208
it's the establishment
of a perception of the world.
678
01:00:31,375 --> 01:00:35,583
Neoliberalism
introduces the idea of profitability,
679
01:00:35,750 --> 01:00:38,708
not just for business, but also in life.
680
01:00:38,875 --> 01:00:40,750
In art, culture,
681
01:00:40,917 --> 01:00:44,208
health, teaching,
everything must be profitable.
682
01:00:54,042 --> 01:00:56,833
Chile is a stable country
for foreign investors.
683
01:00:57,000 --> 01:01:00,667
To attract them,
they are told that if they come here,
684
01:01:00,833 --> 01:01:04,333
there will be many advantages
and nobody will bother them.
685
01:01:04,500 --> 01:01:07,333
There will be no trade unions,
no problems,
686
01:01:07,500 --> 01:01:11,167
there will be no risk to their money
in this stable country.
687
01:01:11,500 --> 01:01:13,292
How did this stability come about?
688
01:01:13,458 --> 01:01:17,375
A very long time ago,
at the beginning of our Republic,
689
01:01:17,542 --> 01:01:20,583
this stability was born
from the use of force.
690
01:01:26,542 --> 01:01:31,625
In Chile, there are ghost trains
that circulate at night.
691
01:01:39,458 --> 01:01:44,375
They come from the mines
near to the Cordillera.
692
01:01:47,708 --> 01:01:50,417
They remind me of the old trains
693
01:01:50,583 --> 01:01:54,542
that crossed the Andes
to get to Argentina.
694
01:01:56,417 --> 01:02:00,917
They carry minerals to the port
at any hour,
695
01:02:01,083 --> 01:02:04,958
but especially at night or at dawn.
696
01:02:11,667 --> 01:02:14,583
Everybody is used to seeing them pass,
697
01:02:15,708 --> 01:02:18,333
and nobody asks any questions.
698
01:02:22,458 --> 01:02:26,292
They have no fixed timetables,
and they carry copper,
699
01:02:26,458 --> 01:02:29,833
Chile's main wealth.
700
01:02:32,083 --> 01:02:36,375
Sometimes,
they stop at a red light,
701
01:02:36,667 --> 01:02:40,167
but nobody knows their schedules.
702
01:02:53,625 --> 01:02:55,875
These invisible trains
703
01:02:56,042 --> 01:02:59,500
travel close to villages with no names,
704
01:02:59,875 --> 01:03:04,833
home to invisible women and men.
705
01:03:07,792 --> 01:03:11,917
In Chile,
what cannot be seen does not exist.
706
01:03:16,250 --> 01:03:19,167
We say to ourselves,
"something is wrong."
707
01:03:19,625 --> 01:03:21,250
Our soul is sick.
708
01:03:21,417 --> 01:03:23,125
Chile's soul is rotten.
709
01:03:23,750 --> 01:03:26,083
It's extraordinary
that there are so many rich,
710
01:03:26,250 --> 01:03:30,792
so many Chilean and foreign millionaires,
711
01:03:30,958 --> 01:03:34,250
in this poor country
that lives only from copper.
712
01:03:34,417 --> 01:03:37,833
Copper, which...
713
01:03:38,625 --> 01:03:41,458
in the '60's, was owned half by Chile,
714
01:03:41,625 --> 01:03:44,917
and under Allende,
became 100% Chilean.
715
01:03:45,083 --> 01:03:47,167
Today, the Chilean part
716
01:03:48,083 --> 01:03:50,083
is less than the foreign part.
717
01:03:50,250 --> 01:03:54,625
Foreigners take most of our copper.
718
01:03:54,958 --> 01:03:57,333
I don't know the percentages.
719
01:03:57,833 --> 01:04:01,708
The company that mines
the most Chilean copper
720
01:04:01,875 --> 01:04:04,250
is foreign, not Chilean.
721
01:04:06,583 --> 01:04:10,583
The military screwed us over,
they perverted us.
722
01:04:10,750 --> 01:04:13,625
That is the dictatorship's triumph.
723
01:04:14,500 --> 01:04:18,083
The dictatorship triumphed
by handing over the country.
724
01:04:19,333 --> 01:04:20,792
They sold the country.
725
01:04:27,625 --> 01:04:32,333
Snow covers this landscape
in the middle of the Cordillera.
726
01:04:35,917 --> 01:04:39,125
If we look for this place on a map,
727
01:04:39,292 --> 01:04:41,875
it is very hard to find.
728
01:04:44,458 --> 01:04:49,542
There are no public byways to visit it.
729
01:04:53,375 --> 01:04:57,625
Nobody can come here without permission.
730
01:04:59,167 --> 01:05:02,583
This is an immense Chilean territory
731
01:05:02,750 --> 01:05:04,417
that is not Chilean.
732
01:05:06,458 --> 01:05:08,250
In some provinces,
733
01:05:08,417 --> 01:05:13,917
80% of the land is private property.
734
01:05:33,667 --> 01:05:38,125
The skyscrapers have not yet invaded
735
01:05:38,625 --> 01:05:42,958
Santiago's neighborhoods
with the oldest houses,
736
01:05:43,292 --> 01:05:46,833
that look like a wasteland.
737
01:05:58,875 --> 01:06:00,500
To my great surprise,
738
01:06:00,667 --> 01:06:04,917
these soldiers appear before my camera
739
01:06:05,250 --> 01:06:07,792
and trigger a memory.
740
01:06:09,708 --> 01:06:11,500
When I was a child,
741
01:06:11,667 --> 01:06:16,792
my grandmother used to take me
to the national holiday parade
742
01:06:16,958 --> 01:06:19,667
that I had almost forgotten.
743
01:06:21,792 --> 01:06:24,667
The music is still the same.
744
01:07:15,292 --> 01:07:18,500
These are Pinochet's former offices,
745
01:07:19,208 --> 01:07:23,833
he presided over the military parades
for 20 years.
746
01:07:27,833 --> 01:07:31,542
I am interested to enter
this abandoned building
747
01:07:31,833 --> 01:07:34,125
that is full of ghosts.
748
01:07:37,750 --> 01:07:40,292
I can see the shadows of the generals
749
01:07:40,458 --> 01:07:44,958
walking on these carpets
and giving orders.
750
01:07:47,333 --> 01:07:51,208
This is where Pinochet
validated the program
751
01:07:51,375 --> 01:07:53,917
proposed by the economists of the time.
752
01:07:54,667 --> 01:07:59,417
They brought the model
directly from Chicago.
753
01:08:01,708 --> 01:08:04,958
When they were young students,
754
01:08:05,125 --> 01:08:10,125
they learnt the economic formula
to change a country.
755
01:08:10,958 --> 01:08:12,667
The Chicago model
756
01:08:12,958 --> 01:08:17,042
was the most radical formula
that existed at the time.
757
01:08:18,708 --> 01:08:21,417
In a country with no freedom,
758
01:08:21,583 --> 01:08:24,417
they were given total freedom
759
01:08:24,583 --> 01:08:26,292
to implement their ideas.
760
01:08:28,167 --> 01:08:31,167
They are still proud, today,
761
01:08:31,333 --> 01:08:34,708
that Chile was the first country
762
01:08:34,875 --> 01:08:36,542
to apply them.
763
01:08:39,750 --> 01:08:43,583
Pinochet appointed them, one by one,
764
01:08:43,875 --> 01:08:47,125
ministers of Economy and Finance.
765
01:08:47,917 --> 01:08:50,000
They demolished everything.
766
01:08:54,000 --> 01:08:56,625
It was the beginning of the end
767
01:08:57,125 --> 01:08:59,417
of the country that I loved.
768
01:09:03,125 --> 01:09:06,875
Today, other neoliberal economists
769
01:09:07,042 --> 01:09:10,750
are appointed
in each Chilean government.
770
01:09:13,958 --> 01:09:17,833
I am afraid that this is
a universal phenomenon.
771
01:09:33,417 --> 01:09:36,042
The cars in this cemetery
772
01:09:36,208 --> 01:09:39,208
are like objects lost along the way.
773
01:09:41,333 --> 01:09:44,042
They have become useless.
774
01:09:47,375 --> 01:09:49,458
Just like the cars,
775
01:09:50,458 --> 01:09:54,125
everything Chile used to be
was discarded.
776
01:10:02,583 --> 01:10:04,875
In the streets of Santiago,
777
01:10:05,042 --> 01:10:08,958
people get lost
trying to find their way.
778
01:10:09,125 --> 01:10:11,958
They walk about
without meeting each other.
779
01:10:14,042 --> 01:10:17,542
The city resembles a labyrinth.
780
01:10:27,167 --> 01:10:30,042
This social organization of society
makes Chileans sad.
781
01:10:30,208 --> 01:10:31,583
Chileans
782
01:10:32,042 --> 01:10:36,625
like to talk to their neighbors,
to form neighborhood groups,
783
01:10:36,792 --> 01:10:38,500
or political parties, like before,
784
01:10:38,667 --> 01:10:41,542
in the squares, those meeting places.
785
01:10:42,000 --> 01:10:45,333
You just have to travel
through the cities today,
786
01:10:45,500 --> 01:10:48,167
to see that people, nowadays,
787
01:10:48,333 --> 01:10:51,167
walk alone in the crowds.
788
01:10:52,083 --> 01:10:55,792
I believe the sadness of this country
is due,
789
01:10:57,583 --> 01:10:59,708
not to the model itself,
790
01:10:59,875 --> 01:11:03,583
but to being part of a system
that goes against its nature.
791
01:11:04,208 --> 01:11:06,750
There's a path,
but nobody knows where it leads.
792
01:11:36,292 --> 01:11:38,500
Justice! Truth!
793
01:11:38,667 --> 01:11:40,625
No to impunity!
794
01:11:50,083 --> 01:11:54,750
Human rights
mobilize people less than before.
795
01:11:55,167 --> 01:11:57,208
Today, it's about women's rights,
796
01:11:57,375 --> 01:11:59,917
abortion, education,
797
01:12:00,542 --> 01:12:01,833
retirement.
798
01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:04,667
Those are today's actual problems.
799
01:12:04,833 --> 01:12:07,250
Problems of repression,
800
01:12:07,417 --> 01:12:10,375
torture and disappearances
no longer exist.
801
01:12:10,542 --> 01:12:12,750
But injustice is still the same.
802
01:12:13,625 --> 01:12:15,042
Nothing has changed.
803
01:12:15,208 --> 01:12:17,958
Except there are no deaths,
no disappeared people.
804
01:12:18,125 --> 01:12:19,750
The situation remains the same.
805
01:12:21,042 --> 01:12:25,250
I got involved with this
and I'm stuck in it,
806
01:12:25,417 --> 01:12:26,583
by my own choice.
807
01:12:26,750 --> 01:12:31,208
All I want is to preserve a trace
808
01:12:31,833 --> 01:12:33,708
of what the dictatorship was like,
809
01:12:33,875 --> 01:12:37,708
how we live, how we used to live,
to show that to the young,
810
01:12:37,875 --> 01:12:41,083
so that none of it is forgotten.
811
01:12:41,833 --> 01:12:45,500
And you realize that people
don't want this.
812
01:12:49,417 --> 01:12:54,458
The song of joy
813
01:12:54,875 --> 01:12:58,292
The cheerful singing
814
01:12:58,458 --> 01:13:03,458
Of he who awaits a new day
815
01:13:03,958 --> 01:13:08,250
Come, sing, sing as you dream
816
01:13:08,417 --> 01:13:12,500
Live dreaming of the new day
817
01:13:12,875 --> 01:13:16,208
The day when men
818
01:13:16,375 --> 01:13:21,250
Will live once again as brothers
819
01:14:07,083 --> 01:14:08,792
We will always be more!
820
01:14:32,875 --> 01:14:36,083
Pinochet's system
remains in place today.
821
01:14:36,250 --> 01:14:38,667
An economical system
822
01:14:39,333 --> 01:14:42,417
that favors the rich
and extorts the poor.
823
01:14:42,583 --> 01:14:45,792
If you fail to pay a bill,
the fines are heavy.
824
01:14:45,958 --> 01:14:49,042
If a rich person wants to buy a bank,
he asks for a loan,
825
01:14:49,208 --> 01:14:51,667
and is given a very low interest rate.
826
01:14:52,208 --> 01:14:54,625
If a poor person buys a pair of shoes
on credit,
827
01:14:54,792 --> 01:14:56,417
he pays triple the price.
828
01:14:56,750 --> 01:15:00,333
If a rich guy buys a bank,
he pays peanuts.
829
01:15:02,583 --> 01:15:06,333
That's how our country works.
830
01:15:07,042 --> 01:15:08,708
But it is our country.
831
01:15:08,875 --> 01:15:13,083
I won't emigrate to Argentina,
Brazil or anywhere else.
832
01:15:13,250 --> 01:15:14,417
This is where I'm from.
833
01:16:36,542 --> 01:16:38,833
Pablo's archives
834
01:16:39,958 --> 01:16:43,500
are a fragile treasure,
but an extraordinary one.
835
01:16:44,750 --> 01:16:48,500
They are the witnesses
of a page of Chilean history.
836
01:16:50,333 --> 01:16:53,375
They maintain intact and visible
837
01:16:53,542 --> 01:16:57,458
the thousands of faces
of the popular resistance.
838
01:17:00,292 --> 01:17:02,833
Thanks to Pablo's work,
839
01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:06,042
it is impossible to erase history
840
01:17:06,208 --> 01:17:08,833
and to claim
that the past didn't happen.
841
01:17:11,208 --> 01:17:13,875
Today, throughout Chile,
842
01:17:14,042 --> 01:17:18,792
there are many young filmmakers
who film everywhere.
843
01:17:21,458 --> 01:17:26,500
Together,
they write the memory of the future.
844
01:17:45,833 --> 01:17:48,125
When I arrived in Chile, this time,
845
01:17:48,292 --> 01:17:52,958
I was very keen
to explore the Cordillera.
846
01:17:54,875 --> 01:17:57,042
But I soon realized
847
01:17:57,208 --> 01:18:00,417
that the Cordillera
was hiding something from me.
848
01:18:04,042 --> 01:18:07,375
There is something behind the rocks.
849
01:18:08,250 --> 01:18:11,500
Perhaps it is the echoes
of the coup d'Etat.
850
01:18:15,583 --> 01:18:17,583
This evokes
851
01:18:17,750 --> 01:18:19,208
a very personal feeling.
852
01:18:20,833 --> 01:18:25,125
I've never spoken of the loneliness
that has stayed with me
853
01:18:25,292 --> 01:18:30,458
since that 11th of September, 1973.
854
01:18:32,708 --> 01:18:35,792
It is like a hidden anxiety,
855
01:18:36,167 --> 01:18:38,250
as if, beneath my feet,
856
01:18:38,417 --> 01:18:40,167
something had collapsed,
857
01:18:40,917 --> 01:18:43,208
like during an earthquake.
858
01:18:49,792 --> 01:18:54,667
It has been 46 years
since I left my country.
859
01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:57,833
During that time,
860
01:18:58,000 --> 01:19:02,250
I have made twenty films about Chile.
861
01:19:03,875 --> 01:19:08,833
I have lived longer abroad
than in my country.
862
01:19:11,792 --> 01:19:16,042
I have got used to making films
from a distance.
863
01:19:16,917 --> 01:19:19,583
But I never stopped feeling alone,
864
01:19:19,750 --> 01:19:24,542
working in isolation,
in the midst of everyday life.
865
01:19:27,333 --> 01:19:28,500
In my soul,
866
01:19:28,667 --> 01:19:35,208
the smoke never cleared
from the ashes of my destroyed home.
867
01:19:36,958 --> 01:19:40,042
I would like, if it were possible,
868
01:19:40,208 --> 01:19:43,583
to reconstruct it, and to begin again.
869
01:21:56,708 --> 01:22:02,250
I found small fragments
of the universe in the Cordillera.
870
01:22:03,083 --> 01:22:06,250
They are preserved in Chilean museums.
871
01:22:09,250 --> 01:22:11,833
They are meteorites,
872
01:22:12,250 --> 01:22:15,125
stones that fall from the sky.
873
01:22:16,708 --> 01:22:20,000
They are small pieces of planets,
874
01:22:20,167 --> 01:22:22,167
that come from very far away.
875
01:22:23,958 --> 01:22:26,542
My mother taught me
876
01:22:26,708 --> 01:22:30,708
that each time a meteorite falls,
in the middle of the night,
877
01:22:31,083 --> 01:22:33,333
you can make a wish
878
01:22:33,500 --> 01:22:34,833
which comes true
879
01:22:35,000 --> 01:22:37,708
if you keep it secret.
880
01:22:39,333 --> 01:22:41,958
But I want to say it out loud.
881
01:22:43,208 --> 01:22:48,708
My wish is that Chile
recovers its childhood and its joy.
65458
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