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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:02:10,417 --> 00:02:15,083 โ€œTHE CORDILLERA OF DREAMSโ€ 2 00:02:41,208 --> 00:02:44,625 Each time I pass over the Cordillera, 3 00:02:44,917 --> 00:02:49,250 I feel as though I am arriving in the country of my childhood, 4 00:02:49,708 --> 00:02:52,792 my country of origin. 5 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:01,375 Crossing the Cordillera 6 00:03:01,542 --> 00:03:05,583 is like arriving in a place that is in the faraway past. 7 00:03:08,708 --> 00:03:11,458 Everything seems unreal. 8 00:03:12,667 --> 00:03:16,333 I feel somewhat like an alien. 9 00:03:20,917 --> 00:03:24,583 The city in which I was born, Santiago, 10 00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:27,708 greets me with indifference. 11 00:03:32,125 --> 00:03:36,708 Each time I return, I feel that same distance. 12 00:03:38,542 --> 00:03:41,917 I don't recognize the city that lies before me. 13 00:03:44,417 --> 00:03:45,375 Ultimately, 14 00:03:45,542 --> 00:03:48,458 I don't really know where I am. 15 00:03:52,708 --> 00:03:54,292 It seems as though 16 00:03:54,458 --> 00:03:57,792 more time has passed than is really the case. 17 00:03:59,667 --> 00:04:01,042 I remember 18 00:04:01,208 --> 00:04:05,042 a country in which I felt more at home, 19 00:04:05,208 --> 00:04:07,875 with my family and my friends. 20 00:04:10,042 --> 00:04:13,583 Nowadays, the smells are different. 21 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,042 They no longer resemble the air I used to breathe, 22 00:04:17,208 --> 00:04:20,125 as if everything had disappeared 23 00:04:20,417 --> 00:04:22,917 through the crevices in this earth. 24 00:06:32,750 --> 00:06:34,125 In Santiago, 25 00:06:34,542 --> 00:06:37,500 many people look at the Cordillera 26 00:06:37,667 --> 00:06:40,042 only when they take the subway. 27 00:06:41,417 --> 00:06:44,375 These frescos were painted 28 00:06:44,542 --> 00:06:46,958 by my friend Guillermo Muรฑoz. 29 00:06:50,375 --> 00:06:53,042 He lives in Spain. 30 00:06:53,208 --> 00:06:55,292 I live in France. 31 00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:59,208 Neither he nor I 32 00:06:59,375 --> 00:07:03,458 has ever returned to live in our country. 33 00:07:06,042 --> 00:07:10,042 We dream of Chile from afar. 34 00:07:14,167 --> 00:07:18,333 The Cordillera, with its strength and its personality, 35 00:07:18,500 --> 00:07:21,750 is the metaphor of this dream. 36 00:07:23,792 --> 00:07:25,250 However, in my childhood, 37 00:07:25,417 --> 00:07:29,542 I felt no curiosity for the Andes mountains. 38 00:07:32,875 --> 00:07:36,667 My generation was far too busy 39 00:07:36,833 --> 00:07:40,000 building a new society. 40 00:07:41,042 --> 00:07:45,417 The Cordillera was not revolutionary. 41 00:07:54,042 --> 00:07:55,417 Over the years, 42 00:07:55,583 --> 00:07:59,000 my gaze has turned towards the mountains. 43 00:07:59,333 --> 00:08:01,625 They intrigue me. 44 00:08:03,833 --> 00:08:06,833 Perhaps they are the gateway 45 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,083 to an understanding 46 00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:11,333 of present-day Chile. 47 00:08:57,667 --> 00:09:01,708 The Cordillera is a mystery, it can't be explained, it just exists. 48 00:09:02,125 --> 00:09:04,458 Looking at it, one is always... 49 00:09:06,542 --> 00:09:08,708 in a dreamlike state. 50 00:09:08,875 --> 00:09:11,125 It is the material of dreams. 51 00:09:11,292 --> 00:09:14,375 The material of dreams, standing there. 52 00:09:14,542 --> 00:09:16,250 And we are here. 53 00:09:16,917 --> 00:09:20,833 We feel soothed and always accompanied. 54 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,542 It is like the back of a chair. 55 00:09:24,708 --> 00:09:27,542 It doesn't fall forwards or backwards. 56 00:09:39,458 --> 00:09:42,292 When I evoke the beauty of the Cordillera, 57 00:09:42,458 --> 00:09:45,167 I mean its overall beauty, tragic, marvelous, 58 00:09:45,333 --> 00:09:47,375 I mean its strength. 59 00:09:49,708 --> 00:09:51,500 And its gentleness, too. 60 00:09:51,667 --> 00:09:54,125 There is nothing gentler than its valleys, 61 00:09:54,292 --> 00:09:56,625 those famous humid areas. 62 00:09:58,417 --> 00:10:00,125 There is nothing gentler. 63 00:10:00,292 --> 00:10:02,333 There are so many birds. 64 00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:05,917 The way the grasses move. 65 00:10:06,083 --> 00:10:08,208 The grasses and the llareta. 66 00:10:08,375 --> 00:10:11,708 That plant which grows for over a thousand years, 67 00:10:11,875 --> 00:10:14,792 forming green mounds. 68 00:10:18,208 --> 00:10:19,583 And the wind. 69 00:10:20,417 --> 00:10:22,833 Today, the Raco is blowing. 70 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:26,375 When it arrives, in the evening, you can smell a different odor. 71 00:10:27,167 --> 00:10:31,000 The odor of the foothills of the Cordillera, 72 00:10:31,167 --> 00:10:32,875 whose rocks are very acid. 73 00:10:33,250 --> 00:10:36,500 In order to get to know the Andes and love them, 74 00:10:36,667 --> 00:10:39,375 you must know the origins of this wind, 75 00:10:39,542 --> 00:10:43,417 that blows across the mountains and speaks to us 76 00:10:45,042 --> 00:10:47,833 through its music and its odor, 77 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:49,958 the aroma of the wind. 78 00:10:50,125 --> 00:10:53,125 An odor of rocks, of vegetation. 79 00:11:06,625 --> 00:11:08,708 This is reality, I am facing it. 80 00:11:08,875 --> 00:11:10,583 I came back here. 81 00:11:10,750 --> 00:11:13,042 I don't need anything else. 82 00:11:21,083 --> 00:11:22,500 Being in the Andes 83 00:11:22,667 --> 00:11:25,250 is like being inside a chest. 84 00:11:25,417 --> 00:11:29,208 A chest that contains the profoundest poetic laws. 85 00:11:49,417 --> 00:11:54,000 It is as if the Andes contained everything. 86 00:11:54,333 --> 00:11:58,042 There are ravines, glaciers, 87 00:11:58,667 --> 00:12:00,583 water in its purest state. 88 00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:02,917 Everything happens within the Andes. 89 00:12:03,083 --> 00:12:04,708 It is all within. 90 00:12:05,083 --> 00:12:08,333 When you've lived in the Andes for many years, 91 00:12:08,500 --> 00:12:12,667 you feel like you are inside a large, rocky container, 92 00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,792 a rock that contains everything. 93 00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:20,167 You enter into the area I showed on the map, 94 00:12:20,333 --> 00:12:22,917 a labyrinth of gorges. 95 00:12:23,667 --> 00:12:24,917 It is a labyrinth. 96 00:12:29,125 --> 00:12:32,958 This is where we find the traces of our ancestors, 97 00:12:33,125 --> 00:12:34,625 the Quechuas... 98 00:12:35,125 --> 00:12:38,792 Our culture is 20,000 years old, not 500. 99 00:12:39,583 --> 00:12:41,958 That's 20,000 years of traces. 100 00:14:06,458 --> 00:14:08,583 This is a combination of iron and stone. 101 00:14:09,208 --> 00:14:12,875 I use stones from my quarry, 102 00:14:13,708 --> 00:14:16,042 and local wrought iron, too. 103 00:14:19,042 --> 00:14:20,417 This, up here, 104 00:14:21,167 --> 00:14:22,500 is the ship. 105 00:14:22,833 --> 00:14:27,375 This craft is closely linked to the Cordillera. 106 00:14:27,542 --> 00:14:31,792 It reminds us that half of our blood comes from Valparaiso. 107 00:14:32,125 --> 00:14:33,250 The ship. 108 00:14:35,208 --> 00:14:36,833 This is the Rose of the Winds. 109 00:14:37,875 --> 00:14:41,667 We use it to read the position of the stars, to navigate... 110 00:14:42,958 --> 00:14:47,042 That is how the other half of our blood arrived, by sea. 111 00:14:53,792 --> 00:14:56,958 I am a sculptor, and the Cordillera told me what to do. 112 00:14:57,125 --> 00:14:58,417 We are artists. 113 00:14:58,583 --> 00:15:02,292 An artist is the guardian of his country's beauty. 114 00:15:02,917 --> 00:15:07,208 An artist must watch over his country's beauty, wherever that is. 115 00:15:13,042 --> 00:15:17,792 A country that leaves 80% of its territory abandoned is not viable. 116 00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:20,542 It is not a reliable country. 117 00:15:20,708 --> 00:15:24,292 The Andes represent 80% of Chilean territory. 118 00:15:25,250 --> 00:15:26,083 Abandoned! 119 00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:31,625 This country must take care of its Cordillera. 120 00:15:32,875 --> 00:15:36,792 It must take care of 80% of itself. 121 00:16:30,917 --> 00:16:33,167 The Cordillera is a great mystery, 122 00:16:33,875 --> 00:16:36,667 it doesn't reveal its essence. 123 00:16:38,417 --> 00:16:41,125 I say this because of my profession. 124 00:16:41,583 --> 00:16:44,458 When I gather or extract a rock 125 00:16:44,625 --> 00:16:47,292 from a mountain in the Cordillera, 126 00:16:48,875 --> 00:16:52,208 I do so in order to open it and find out what is inside. 127 00:16:54,750 --> 00:16:56,542 The Cordillera reminds me 128 00:16:56,958 --> 00:17:00,250 of the need I always felt, as a child, 129 00:17:00,417 --> 00:17:03,708 when I accompanied my father, 130 00:17:03,875 --> 00:17:05,917 to find out what there was 131 00:17:06,083 --> 00:17:08,125 behind each mountain. 132 00:17:09,292 --> 00:17:11,708 It was a mystery to me. 133 00:17:12,083 --> 00:17:14,750 I crossed one mountain, 134 00:17:15,333 --> 00:17:17,458 and I discovered another one. 135 00:17:18,792 --> 00:17:20,667 That's typical of the Cordillera. 136 00:17:20,833 --> 00:17:24,750 We feel a constant need to know what lies beyond. 137 00:17:44,250 --> 00:17:47,417 The Cordillera is an endless horizontal enclosure, 138 00:17:47,583 --> 00:17:49,250 longer than it is high, 139 00:17:49,417 --> 00:17:54,333 despite its 8,000 meter height, 6,000 in Chile. 140 00:17:57,083 --> 00:17:59,542 This landmark is always present. 141 00:17:59,708 --> 00:18:01,708 More than physical, 142 00:18:01,875 --> 00:18:06,833 I believe it is a cultural landmark. 143 00:18:08,125 --> 00:18:11,500 It is difficult to define, because I breathe it. 144 00:18:12,375 --> 00:18:15,792 I am part of a landscape 145 00:18:15,958 --> 00:18:18,250 with certain characteristics. 146 00:18:19,125 --> 00:18:21,250 It is not a valley, 147 00:18:21,958 --> 00:18:23,708 I live amongst the mountains. 148 00:18:25,458 --> 00:18:27,792 Between the mountains and the sea. 149 00:18:29,833 --> 00:18:34,500 These spaces form a kind of island. 150 00:18:34,667 --> 00:18:38,167 They protect me, but, at the same time, 151 00:18:39,958 --> 00:18:41,375 they isolate me. 152 00:19:04,750 --> 00:19:07,542 I have always felt 153 00:19:07,708 --> 00:19:11,458 that time passes more slowly in Chile, 154 00:19:11,833 --> 00:19:15,917 perhaps it is because of this wall of rocks. 155 00:19:19,375 --> 00:19:22,083 As I travel through the mountains, 156 00:19:22,375 --> 00:19:26,542 I feel the past is closer to me. 157 00:19:27,833 --> 00:19:31,458 I remember things I thought I had forgotten. 158 00:19:43,833 --> 00:19:47,750 Santiago turns its back on the Cordillera, it doesn't look at it. 159 00:19:48,292 --> 00:19:50,792 It doesn't go to it, doesn't understand it. 160 00:19:52,542 --> 00:19:54,667 When I look at the Cordillera, 161 00:19:54,833 --> 00:19:58,000 I see millions of years of evolution exposed. 162 00:19:58,750 --> 00:20:01,333 As you penetrate further into the mountains, 163 00:20:01,500 --> 00:20:04,417 you discover peaks 164 00:20:04,583 --> 00:20:08,667 that weren't visible from the central valley. 165 00:20:08,833 --> 00:20:11,792 What is more, you go back in time. 166 00:20:12,458 --> 00:20:15,583 The further you go into the Cordillera, 167 00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:20,292 the further you walk in, the further you travel back in time. 168 00:20:21,500 --> 00:20:24,083 There are traces of worlds, 169 00:20:24,500 --> 00:20:27,000 each one more ancient, 170 00:20:27,167 --> 00:20:30,292 as you travel through the Cordillera. 171 00:20:35,125 --> 00:20:36,375 I grew up 172 00:20:36,542 --> 00:20:39,000 looking at the Cordillera, especially one volcano. 173 00:20:39,167 --> 00:20:41,000 I asked myself many questions. 174 00:20:41,167 --> 00:20:44,750 Many questions about this volcano. 175 00:20:44,917 --> 00:20:46,708 Why is there a part missing? 176 00:20:46,875 --> 00:20:49,750 Why do we see flashes above it? 177 00:20:51,167 --> 00:20:54,250 There were stories about a big eruption 178 00:20:54,417 --> 00:20:57,917 that occurred when my grandparents were children. 179 00:20:58,250 --> 00:21:01,917 This volcano evoked a certain mystery. 180 00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:13,708 When my brother was a kid, 181 00:21:13,875 --> 00:21:15,875 he said something 182 00:21:16,167 --> 00:21:20,000 that made sense to me, that the Cordillera was like a mother. 183 00:21:20,542 --> 00:21:24,042 Even if you couldn't see her, you knew she was there. 184 00:21:27,875 --> 00:21:31,417 I feel that the Cordillera is protective. 185 00:21:32,750 --> 00:21:36,125 But I've sometimes thought of it as... 186 00:21:40,833 --> 00:21:42,792 something that separates, 187 00:21:43,208 --> 00:21:48,042 isolates us from all that is beyond it, from the whole world. 188 00:21:57,500 --> 00:21:58,750 Geographically, 189 00:21:58,917 --> 00:22:03,500 the Cordillera is like a wall that separates us from the world, 190 00:22:03,667 --> 00:22:04,833 or like a wall 191 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,375 that protects us from the rest of the world. 192 00:22:07,792 --> 00:22:10,292 There is this double aspect. 193 00:22:11,917 --> 00:22:16,625 I like to think of the Cordillera as a sea 194 00:22:17,167 --> 00:22:19,000 that makes us an island. 195 00:22:19,583 --> 00:22:21,667 I like this idea of islands, 196 00:22:21,833 --> 00:22:26,083 because islands create cultures that are closed and powerful, 197 00:22:26,250 --> 00:22:28,583 with a strong local identity. 198 00:22:29,167 --> 00:22:32,875 One of the biggest revelations when you enter the Cordillera, 199 00:22:33,042 --> 00:22:36,667 on foot, on horseback, or in a car, 200 00:22:36,833 --> 00:22:40,125 is that it forms a whole country, 201 00:22:40,708 --> 00:22:42,542 that lives alongside ours. 202 00:22:42,708 --> 00:22:44,708 In some places, 203 00:22:44,875 --> 00:22:48,958 the Cordillera is as wide as Chile of the valleys. 204 00:22:51,458 --> 00:22:56,083 The Cordillera has two dimensions: its width, 205 00:22:56,667 --> 00:22:58,250 and its length. 206 00:23:13,292 --> 00:23:14,083 The Cordillera 207 00:23:14,250 --> 00:23:19,292 is like the image on the matchboxes, we imagine that if we reach up 208 00:23:19,458 --> 00:23:22,583 and peer over the summit, we can see Argentina. 209 00:23:22,750 --> 00:23:25,417 It's like a theatre set. 210 00:23:40,708 --> 00:23:45,417 When I was a child, my first sight of the Cordillera 211 00:23:45,583 --> 00:23:48,583 was on the matchboxes. 212 00:23:50,958 --> 00:23:54,667 It is as though time has stood still. 213 00:23:55,250 --> 00:23:58,542 Today's matchboxes are the same. 214 00:24:00,375 --> 00:24:03,625 They inspire me to visit my neighborhood. 215 00:24:06,417 --> 00:24:07,750 Between these walls, 216 00:24:08,208 --> 00:24:10,333 my memories are stored. 217 00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:14,042 This is where I was born and learnt to walk. 218 00:24:15,625 --> 00:24:17,042 I played here 219 00:24:17,708 --> 00:24:20,792 and learnt to be who I am today. 220 00:24:22,417 --> 00:24:24,417 Years later, 221 00:24:24,792 --> 00:24:27,625 when the house was no longer mine, 222 00:24:27,792 --> 00:24:30,333 somebody painted the ruins. 223 00:24:33,875 --> 00:24:35,333 By some miracle, 224 00:24:35,500 --> 00:24:39,042 no skyscraper has been erected here, 225 00:24:39,208 --> 00:24:42,083 and my camera is able to film 226 00:24:42,250 --> 00:24:45,125 the ruins of my childhood. 227 00:25:19,917 --> 00:25:22,125 Later on, I lived 228 00:25:22,292 --> 00:25:25,167 in this other house with my family. 229 00:25:27,208 --> 00:25:31,333 When I lived here, I was an adult and a filmmaker. 230 00:25:32,250 --> 00:25:34,167 In the '70's, 231 00:25:34,958 --> 00:25:37,917 when I was thirty, this was where I prepared 232 00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:41,125 my documentary The Battle of Chile. 233 00:25:42,083 --> 00:25:46,083 We were a small team of five. 234 00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:47,958 We filmed everything: 235 00:25:48,125 --> 00:25:51,750 first the enthusiasm, which carried us far, 236 00:25:51,917 --> 00:25:55,000 us and the entire population. 237 00:25:55,292 --> 00:25:56,083 Then, 238 00:25:56,708 --> 00:26:00,875 the tensions that led to the coup d'Etat. 239 00:26:02,875 --> 00:26:06,000 Each morning, we would leave here. 240 00:26:07,750 --> 00:26:09,750 On the day of the coup, 241 00:26:09,917 --> 00:26:14,667 I returned for the last time, with the last reel in my hand. 242 00:26:16,958 --> 00:26:20,042 I never imagined that The Battle of Chile 243 00:26:20,500 --> 00:26:23,167 would still be alive today. 244 00:26:25,083 --> 00:26:29,917 This film is like the reflection of a past that is pursuing me. 245 00:26:48,417 --> 00:26:49,542 The coup d'Etat 246 00:26:49,708 --> 00:26:53,167 was a violent earthquake 247 00:26:53,333 --> 00:26:56,792 that changed our lives forever. 248 00:26:59,083 --> 00:27:03,292 We were caught up in a massive explosion. 249 00:27:05,792 --> 00:27:09,500 We remained silent, imprisoned. 250 00:27:10,375 --> 00:27:15,042 Millions of people felt a deep fear, 251 00:27:15,208 --> 00:27:18,667 that we'd never felt before. 252 00:27:20,708 --> 00:27:24,542 For years, we hid from our children 253 00:27:24,708 --> 00:27:28,333 what had happened, and what was still happening. 254 00:27:33,292 --> 00:27:36,708 I remember the insecurity 255 00:27:36,875 --> 00:27:39,792 a child feels when he realizes 256 00:27:40,125 --> 00:27:43,250 that the adults are distraught. 257 00:27:44,667 --> 00:27:47,750 It still moves me, today. 258 00:27:48,875 --> 00:27:51,375 That insecurity you feel 259 00:27:51,542 --> 00:27:56,125 when you see that the adults, your parents, 260 00:27:58,542 --> 00:28:01,792 are bewildered at the danger, 261 00:28:02,208 --> 00:28:03,625 scared, 262 00:28:04,583 --> 00:28:06,500 and rather puzzled, too. 263 00:28:09,083 --> 00:28:13,292 Puzzled about the violence 264 00:28:14,833 --> 00:28:17,208 that was taken to the extreme. 265 00:28:17,667 --> 00:28:19,958 When I was a child, 266 00:28:20,125 --> 00:28:23,542 I witnessed savage acts, 267 00:28:24,958 --> 00:28:28,333 police raids during the night while we were sleeping, 268 00:28:28,500 --> 00:28:30,458 they pulled us out of bed. 269 00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:35,208 Soldiers with helmets came into our rooms, 270 00:28:35,375 --> 00:28:36,875 they lifted up the mattresses, 271 00:28:37,042 --> 00:28:40,583 they even searched the dollhouse, 272 00:28:40,750 --> 00:28:43,667 supposedly looking for weapons. 273 00:28:45,458 --> 00:28:48,583 A musician with weapons in his house, how absurd. 274 00:28:50,375 --> 00:28:54,542 I remember being behind the railings in my school, 275 00:28:56,458 --> 00:29:01,125 the Latinoamericano high school in Pedro de Valdivia. 276 00:29:01,292 --> 00:29:03,875 I was clinging on with other children, 277 00:29:04,042 --> 00:29:07,042 watching the tanks go by. 278 00:29:07,333 --> 00:29:08,583 I remember 279 00:29:08,750 --> 00:29:12,417 that the adults were completely distraught. 280 00:29:12,583 --> 00:29:15,500 We heard everything that was going on. 281 00:29:15,667 --> 00:29:19,833 People said that Victor Jara had died, they cried. 282 00:29:31,375 --> 00:29:34,125 In my school, when I was very young, 283 00:29:35,292 --> 00:29:37,750 the desks sometimes began to tremble. 284 00:29:38,167 --> 00:29:41,333 Then, we would hear a terrible noise, 285 00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:43,125 hellish. 286 00:29:43,917 --> 00:29:45,917 It came from war planes, 287 00:29:46,792 --> 00:29:49,083 flying very low. 288 00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:52,292 Us children, in that classroom, 289 00:29:52,458 --> 00:29:54,042 we were petrified. 290 00:29:55,167 --> 00:29:56,542 We cried. 291 00:29:56,708 --> 00:29:59,917 It was horrible to feel that force, 292 00:30:00,083 --> 00:30:01,875 that deafening noise, 293 00:30:02,042 --> 00:30:06,750 passing by, so close to the ground. 294 00:30:07,792 --> 00:30:09,125 We were... 295 00:30:09,875 --> 00:30:14,167 We began to ask the adults questions: 296 00:30:14,333 --> 00:30:15,708 "Why is this happening?" 297 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:31,875 They placed me under house arrest with my family. 298 00:30:32,042 --> 00:30:34,417 Those were four very hard years. 299 00:30:34,583 --> 00:30:36,958 Four years of house arrest. 300 00:30:37,125 --> 00:30:42,000 People under house arrest were hostages of the junta. 301 00:30:42,167 --> 00:30:45,250 If something happened to a member of the military, 302 00:30:45,417 --> 00:30:49,000 or a member of the government, 303 00:30:49,417 --> 00:30:52,583 we could be sure they'd come to us that night, 304 00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:56,458 that we'd be lined up against a wall, 305 00:30:56,625 --> 00:30:59,208 or taken down to the police station. 306 00:30:59,625 --> 00:31:02,458 I didn't have a lock on my door, 307 00:31:03,458 --> 00:31:05,917 because I knew that they'd force it open. 308 00:31:06,083 --> 00:31:09,250 We would often wake up with a machine gun here. 309 00:31:25,833 --> 00:31:28,625 In the first days after the coup, 310 00:31:28,792 --> 00:31:31,542 I felt extremely panicked. 311 00:31:34,125 --> 00:31:36,250 Shut away in my house, 312 00:31:36,417 --> 00:31:39,417 I played a lot with my daughters 313 00:31:39,792 --> 00:31:42,792 so that they wouldn't realize what was happening. 314 00:31:45,208 --> 00:31:48,417 I didn't dare go out into the street. 315 00:31:50,542 --> 00:31:55,083 I started to go through my documents, in no particular order. 316 00:31:56,083 --> 00:31:59,667 I didn't dare burn the journals, 317 00:31:59,833 --> 00:32:02,417 or the newspapers and documents 318 00:32:02,583 --> 00:32:06,583 that I'd gathered for the making of my film. 319 00:32:09,542 --> 00:32:11,917 I didn't know what to do. 320 00:32:16,667 --> 00:32:20,167 Three or four days went by like this, 321 00:32:20,333 --> 00:32:22,083 until the police 322 00:32:22,250 --> 00:32:25,958 came to my house to arrest me. 323 00:32:31,125 --> 00:32:32,708 A long time ago, 324 00:32:32,875 --> 00:32:35,083 when I was twenty years old, 325 00:32:35,250 --> 00:32:39,667 the football World Cup took place here. 326 00:32:41,208 --> 00:32:44,292 I came to watch the Italy-Chile match, 327 00:32:44,458 --> 00:32:46,667 that was won by Italy. 328 00:32:47,708 --> 00:32:49,708 But a few days later, 329 00:32:49,875 --> 00:32:52,042 a miracle happened: 330 00:32:52,208 --> 00:32:57,667 Chile managed to come third place in the World Cup. 331 00:32:58,500 --> 00:33:01,917 We were ranked third in the world! 332 00:33:02,542 --> 00:33:06,458 I remember that the party lasted for a few months. 333 00:33:08,917 --> 00:33:10,083 Later on, 334 00:33:10,375 --> 00:33:12,250 I came back to the stadium, 335 00:33:12,417 --> 00:33:14,958 but as a political prisoner. 336 00:33:16,292 --> 00:33:19,625 This time, there were several thousand of us. 337 00:33:20,833 --> 00:33:23,250 I was held prisoner for two weeks, 338 00:33:23,417 --> 00:33:25,792 without the military finding out 339 00:33:25,958 --> 00:33:29,208 where my film reels were. 340 00:33:30,333 --> 00:33:32,542 I remember perfectly 341 00:33:32,708 --> 00:33:36,208 this view of the score board. 342 00:33:39,333 --> 00:33:41,708 After that coup d'Etat, 343 00:33:41,875 --> 00:33:44,583 I never lived in Chile again, 344 00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:49,000 although I dedicated my whole career to my country. 345 00:33:58,500 --> 00:34:03,667 Afterwards, I left the stadium, then I left Chile 346 00:34:03,833 --> 00:34:06,125 to save my film reels. 347 00:34:07,208 --> 00:34:11,292 During that time, other people carried on filming. 348 00:34:12,708 --> 00:34:16,000 One of those people is Pablo Salas. 349 00:34:39,833 --> 00:34:43,250 Pablo could have been arrested, 350 00:34:43,417 --> 00:34:45,458 tortured, 351 00:34:45,625 --> 00:34:48,708 or even murdered. 352 00:34:48,875 --> 00:34:52,375 Miraculously, nothing happened to him. 353 00:34:53,792 --> 00:34:57,250 Without him, we wouldn't have so many images 354 00:34:57,417 --> 00:34:59,708 of the resistance against Pinochet. 355 00:35:01,917 --> 00:35:03,625 For thirty-seven years, 356 00:35:04,208 --> 00:35:07,500 he has never stopped filming. 357 00:35:10,042 --> 00:35:13,708 He may be the only filmmaker in Latin America, 358 00:35:13,875 --> 00:35:16,125 and one of few in the world, 359 00:35:16,292 --> 00:35:18,750 to have filmed, for such a long time, 360 00:35:18,917 --> 00:35:20,708 his own reality. 361 00:35:27,833 --> 00:35:29,625 Thanks to his images, 362 00:35:29,792 --> 00:35:32,292 we could reconstruct today 363 00:35:32,458 --> 00:35:35,500 the years we lost of the history of Chile. 364 00:35:40,875 --> 00:35:42,833 When did you start? 365 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:44,042 To film? 366 00:35:44,208 --> 00:35:46,083 In 1982 or 1983. 367 00:35:46,250 --> 00:35:48,417 And you never stopped. 368 00:35:48,583 --> 00:35:51,667 I carried on until 1990, when Alwin arrived 369 00:35:51,833 --> 00:35:54,042 and Pinochet left. 370 00:35:55,458 --> 00:35:59,125 I went to Belgium for two years, I came back in 1994. 371 00:35:59,458 --> 00:36:02,000 Then new directors appeared. 372 00:36:02,167 --> 00:36:04,458 There are many young people. 373 00:36:04,625 --> 00:36:07,208 Still today, there are young people 374 00:36:07,875 --> 00:36:09,917 who make documentary films. 375 00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:18,417 Whenever there is a protest march, 376 00:36:18,583 --> 00:36:21,333 and I have time, I go. 377 00:36:21,500 --> 00:36:25,208 I can always use it for my archives. 378 00:36:26,917 --> 00:36:31,125 It's my point of view, I film, and if I get bored, I go for a beer 379 00:36:31,292 --> 00:36:32,708 and call it a day. 380 00:36:40,833 --> 00:36:43,167 On marches today, you film, 381 00:36:43,333 --> 00:36:47,333 and you're bothered by cell phones, small cameras, a passerby. 382 00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:48,750 It's very different. 383 00:36:49,250 --> 00:36:53,750 The only time you can film properly is when things start to get rough: 384 00:36:54,042 --> 00:36:57,708 when there are barricades, tear gas, water jets. 385 00:36:57,875 --> 00:37:00,167 When that happens, there are less of us. 386 00:37:00,333 --> 00:37:03,542 We can film the water jets, the flying paving stones, 387 00:37:03,708 --> 00:37:05,542 and nobody gets in our way. 388 00:37:06,292 --> 00:37:08,167 The worst moment is the best. 389 00:37:08,333 --> 00:37:11,292 Of course, you get a better image. 390 00:37:11,458 --> 00:37:14,125 I was on a march the other day, 391 00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:16,833 people were panicking. 392 00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:20,917 I climbed on something, and I filmed the cops arresting a guy. 393 00:37:21,083 --> 00:37:24,667 I follow them, the police van arrives, they shove him in 394 00:37:24,833 --> 00:37:27,875 and a guy with a cell phone walks into the shot. 395 00:37:45,542 --> 00:37:48,750 They arrived at night to the neighborhood of La Victoria, 396 00:37:48,917 --> 00:37:51,792 they surrounded the area and began the raid. 397 00:37:51,958 --> 00:37:55,083 At 3 am, they shouted through loudspeakers. 398 00:37:55,250 --> 00:37:57,375 They went from house to house. 399 00:37:59,125 --> 00:38:01,292 They raided the entire area. 400 00:38:01,458 --> 00:38:05,167 They took away all the men between 15 and 65 years old, 401 00:38:05,333 --> 00:38:06,667 with no exception. 402 00:38:06,833 --> 00:38:09,167 20,000 prisoners in a stadium. 403 00:38:09,333 --> 00:38:11,833 We went to film the houses 404 00:38:12,292 --> 00:38:14,708 on which they'd hung a red triangle. 405 00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:18,375 A white sticker with a red triangle in the middle. 406 00:38:18,542 --> 00:38:21,625 We asked, and we were told 407 00:38:21,792 --> 00:38:25,750 that the military put the stickers on all the houses they'd raided. 408 00:38:26,208 --> 00:38:28,500 They'd taken all the men, 409 00:38:28,667 --> 00:38:31,708 an inconceivable situation anywhere else in the world. 410 00:38:33,667 --> 00:38:34,958 We left. 411 00:38:35,333 --> 00:38:37,875 We went inside a building 412 00:38:38,625 --> 00:38:43,000 and between the 3rd or 4th floor, a window looked onto the stadium. 413 00:38:43,708 --> 00:38:46,542 We saw that it was full of people. 414 00:38:47,083 --> 00:38:48,417 The stadium walls were high. 415 00:38:48,583 --> 00:38:52,708 I pulled myself up as high as I could and began to film. 416 00:38:55,958 --> 00:38:58,625 The image isn't very good quality, 417 00:38:58,792 --> 00:39:01,583 but you can see the mass of prisoners. 418 00:39:02,625 --> 00:39:06,958 It was a concentration camp, the dictatorship being well established. 419 00:39:07,125 --> 00:39:08,375 It was astonishing. 420 00:39:08,542 --> 00:39:11,833 We filmed and then quickly left. 421 00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:15,250 That was the dictatorship. 422 00:39:16,042 --> 00:39:17,458 It was terrible. 423 00:39:17,625 --> 00:39:20,333 Those raids were frequent everywhere, 424 00:39:20,500 --> 00:39:22,542 not just in the poor areas, 425 00:39:22,708 --> 00:39:25,000 in other neighborhoods, too. 426 00:39:26,042 --> 00:39:28,208 There, they were less forceful. 427 00:39:28,375 --> 00:39:29,958 The case of La Victoria 428 00:39:30,125 --> 00:39:32,792 was extreme violence, they arrested all the men. 429 00:39:44,667 --> 00:39:47,375 When I see Pablo's images, 430 00:39:47,583 --> 00:39:53,083 I realize our lives took different paths. 431 00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:58,417 Pablo is one of those who stayed. 432 00:39:58,833 --> 00:40:02,167 I am one of those who fled. 433 00:40:02,833 --> 00:40:04,542 But we both have 434 00:40:04,708 --> 00:40:06,625 something in common: 435 00:40:07,167 --> 00:40:08,583 we were marked 436 00:40:08,875 --> 00:40:10,833 by the same utopia. 437 00:40:12,208 --> 00:40:15,083 Now, I'd like to step 438 00:40:15,250 --> 00:40:16,917 into his time machine. 439 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:21,417 I wanted to show what was happening. 440 00:40:21,583 --> 00:40:23,792 To show it here, not abroad. 441 00:40:23,958 --> 00:40:25,708 People knew about it abroad. 442 00:40:25,875 --> 00:40:29,750 From the very first day: the prisoners in the stadium, 443 00:40:29,917 --> 00:40:33,708 the dead in the Mapocho river, prisoners in the concentration camps. 444 00:40:33,875 --> 00:40:36,250 It was shown abroad, but not here. 445 00:40:36,417 --> 00:40:39,375 Here, they told us whatever they wanted. 446 00:40:39,542 --> 00:40:42,792 When the demonstrations began, I wanted to show them here. 447 00:40:43,875 --> 00:40:46,333 When the dictatorship finished, 448 00:40:46,500 --> 00:40:49,875 I found myself with all these tapes. 449 00:40:50,625 --> 00:40:54,125 I tried not to erase them, although I often had to. 450 00:40:56,375 --> 00:40:59,250 These archives were created from nothing. 451 00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:03,917 They came from my desire to show what was happening. 452 00:41:04,083 --> 00:41:07,583 I got myself into this, 453 00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:10,542 and I have to carry on, I don't know why. 454 00:41:10,708 --> 00:41:12,625 I'd like to pass the torch on. 455 00:41:12,792 --> 00:41:14,542 How long has it been? 456 00:41:14,708 --> 00:41:16,333 It's been 27 years 457 00:41:17,542 --> 00:41:20,500 since the end of Pinochet's dictatorship, 458 00:41:20,667 --> 00:41:23,125 and each time I changed office, 459 00:41:23,292 --> 00:41:26,292 I had to carry around all these tapes. 460 00:42:04,250 --> 00:42:06,375 This is a twenty-minute tape. 461 00:42:08,250 --> 00:42:09,333 20 minutes. 462 00:42:10,042 --> 00:42:13,083 Later on, there were these kinds of tapes. 463 00:42:14,625 --> 00:42:16,083 It is smaller, 464 00:42:16,917 --> 00:42:18,875 and you can film 4 hours. 465 00:42:19,375 --> 00:42:20,500 4 hours. 466 00:42:21,375 --> 00:42:22,958 That's just how it is. 467 00:42:23,125 --> 00:42:27,083 This is a hard drive on which you can store 468 00:42:27,958 --> 00:42:29,500 1,200 hours. 469 00:42:30,625 --> 00:42:32,292 This has changed our lives. 470 00:42:32,458 --> 00:42:34,625 And look at the battery. 471 00:42:34,792 --> 00:42:37,083 This one lasts for 3 hours. 472 00:42:38,500 --> 00:42:40,417 Unimaginable, in those days. 473 00:42:40,958 --> 00:42:44,625 At night, on "economy" mode, you can film everything. 474 00:42:48,708 --> 00:42:52,792 If we'd had today's equipment back then... 475 00:42:53,125 --> 00:42:57,000 I think I should have filmed more. 476 00:42:57,167 --> 00:43:00,917 I had the chance, but I didn't do it. 477 00:43:01,083 --> 00:43:03,208 I did what I could. 478 00:43:05,250 --> 00:43:08,417 There was so much to do. 479 00:43:15,250 --> 00:43:17,000 Murderers! 480 00:43:17,167 --> 00:43:18,458 Damn cop! 481 00:43:19,917 --> 00:43:21,667 Kill him, damn cop! 482 00:43:23,417 --> 00:43:25,000 "All human beings 483 00:43:25,167 --> 00:43:29,083 are born free and equal in dignity and rights. 484 00:43:29,250 --> 00:43:32,500 They are endowed with reason and conscience 485 00:43:32,667 --> 00:43:35,583 and should act in a spirit of brotherhood." 486 00:44:24,625 --> 00:44:29,167 "Can an accomplice of torture speak on television? 487 00:44:29,333 --> 00:44:31,250 No, he can't! 488 00:44:31,583 --> 00:44:36,792 Can an accomplice of torture speak of democracy on television? 489 00:44:36,958 --> 00:44:38,792 No, he can't! 490 00:44:39,167 --> 00:44:43,250 Can an accomplice of torture speak of justice? 491 00:44:43,417 --> 00:44:45,292 No, he can't! 492 00:44:45,625 --> 00:44:49,292 Can a Catholic television channel stay quiet about torture? 493 00:44:49,458 --> 00:44:51,208 No, it can't! 494 00:44:51,625 --> 00:44:54,792 Eduardo Jara, died under torture: 495 00:44:54,958 --> 00:44:57,458 television is an accomplice! 496 00:44:57,625 --> 00:45:00,833 About the deaths during fake conflicts: 497 00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:03,167 television is lying! 498 00:45:03,583 --> 00:45:06,208 About the disappeared prisoners: 499 00:45:06,750 --> 00:45:08,458 television is lying!" 500 00:45:40,083 --> 00:45:42,500 Thirteen years of dictatorship, 501 00:45:42,667 --> 00:45:44,875 stop the torture! 502 00:45:59,750 --> 00:46:01,875 Don't hit me! 503 00:46:16,375 --> 00:46:19,208 University of Chile free! 504 00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,667 He will fall! 505 00:46:31,333 --> 00:46:33,167 You can feel it! 506 00:46:33,458 --> 00:46:35,458 Allende is here! 507 00:46:39,292 --> 00:46:41,625 The leftwinger became 508 00:46:42,083 --> 00:46:45,583 the enemy targeted by this firestorm. 509 00:46:45,750 --> 00:46:47,667 He wasn't considered human by the right wing. 510 00:46:47,833 --> 00:46:51,542 The right had assigned him, through the media and propaganda, 511 00:46:51,708 --> 00:46:54,708 all possible and imaginable aberrations: 512 00:46:55,333 --> 00:46:57,708 insensitive, atheist, 513 00:46:58,167 --> 00:47:00,750 inhumane, unpatriotic, 514 00:47:01,500 --> 00:47:02,750 child eater, 515 00:47:02,917 --> 00:47:05,458 destroyer of the country and its institutions, 516 00:47:05,625 --> 00:47:08,708 of the Church and national values. 517 00:47:08,875 --> 00:47:13,333 The leftwinger became a demon that had to be eliminated. 518 00:47:13,708 --> 00:47:15,500 As we said, 519 00:47:15,667 --> 00:47:19,167 we reached a logic 520 00:47:19,708 --> 00:47:22,625 comparable to the Nazi mentality: 521 00:47:22,792 --> 00:47:25,708 seeing society as a single organ 522 00:47:25,875 --> 00:47:29,000 of which certain elements were sick. 523 00:47:29,167 --> 00:47:33,500 They even implied that some Chileans were cancers, 524 00:47:33,667 --> 00:47:35,542 tumors that had to be eradicated. 525 00:47:39,292 --> 00:47:41,042 Murderers! 526 00:47:51,958 --> 00:47:56,917 154 women killed by the dictatorship! 527 00:47:57,083 --> 00:47:58,833 We demand punishment! 528 00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:00,667 No to impunity! 529 00:48:00,833 --> 00:48:06,625 450,000 women tortured by the dictatorship! 530 00:48:15,542 --> 00:48:16,625 Call a doctor! 531 00:48:16,792 --> 00:48:18,458 Move away! 532 00:48:20,667 --> 00:48:23,083 What happened in Chile was a storm, 533 00:48:23,250 --> 00:48:26,000 I could call it archetypal: 534 00:48:26,167 --> 00:48:27,958 Good against evil. 535 00:48:28,125 --> 00:48:31,333 Evil, was the people, 536 00:48:31,875 --> 00:48:34,125 civilians, unarmed people, 537 00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:37,333 children, young people... 538 00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:39,292 It was blindness, 539 00:48:40,417 --> 00:48:43,708 a mythological blindness: 540 00:48:43,875 --> 00:48:46,167 we are fighting demons. 541 00:48:46,333 --> 00:48:50,083 A blindness that allowed the dehumanization of others 542 00:48:50,875 --> 00:48:54,167 to the extent of torturing them with electricity, 543 00:48:55,833 --> 00:48:58,125 butchering them, poisoning them, 544 00:48:58,292 --> 00:49:00,000 mutilating them, 545 00:49:01,375 --> 00:49:04,458 making them explode, making them disappear. 546 00:49:05,458 --> 00:49:08,125 It was a kind of fury. 547 00:49:14,625 --> 00:49:16,917 I'm at a loss for words! 548 00:49:50,333 --> 00:49:53,167 During the entire dictatorship, 549 00:49:53,708 --> 00:49:57,375 the Cordillera remained in its place. 550 00:49:58,583 --> 00:50:03,000 Perhaps it watched us without us knowing. 551 00:50:03,667 --> 00:50:05,542 I never thought of this before, 552 00:50:05,708 --> 00:50:09,500 but I believe the mountain is a witness. 553 00:50:10,583 --> 00:50:14,042 It has seen things that people tried to hide from us. 554 00:50:16,458 --> 00:50:20,583 If we could translate what the rocks say, 555 00:50:20,750 --> 00:50:24,542 we would have the missing answers, today. 556 00:50:35,292 --> 00:50:39,708 What I and the others were able to film during the dictatorship, 557 00:50:39,875 --> 00:50:42,208 isn't even 5% of the dictatorship's atrocities. 558 00:50:42,375 --> 00:50:47,583 The dictatorship tortured, killed, drove people into exile, 559 00:50:49,833 --> 00:50:51,542 it used intimidation... 560 00:50:52,000 --> 00:50:54,042 None of that was filmed. 561 00:50:55,167 --> 00:50:56,875 It wasn't filmed. 562 00:50:59,417 --> 00:51:04,167 Witnessing torture, I believe that's something else. 563 00:51:04,333 --> 00:51:05,625 That hasn't been filmed. 564 00:51:05,792 --> 00:51:07,708 The images we have 565 00:51:07,875 --> 00:51:11,583 give us an idea of how awful the dictatorship was. 566 00:51:11,750 --> 00:51:13,417 We can imagine the rest. 567 00:51:14,750 --> 00:51:17,583 That all happened during the dictatorship. 568 00:51:17,750 --> 00:51:19,125 Nobody can say 569 00:51:19,292 --> 00:51:21,833 that we didn't know, that we never knew. 570 00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:25,500 We found out everything instantly, or soon after. 571 00:51:27,792 --> 00:51:31,542 Fifteen or twenty years later, we can't say that we never knew. 572 00:51:31,708 --> 00:51:34,250 Until Pinochet's arrest in London, 573 00:51:34,417 --> 00:51:39,458 they continued to deny the disappeared. That was in 1998, 2000! 574 00:51:39,625 --> 00:51:42,667 They continued to deny the disappeared and the torture. 575 00:51:42,833 --> 00:51:44,875 They insisted that it was abuse. 576 00:51:45,042 --> 00:51:46,250 Last week, 577 00:51:46,417 --> 00:51:49,125 they said there were some "errors". 578 00:51:49,292 --> 00:51:53,292 The others quickly rectified this: horrors, not errors! 579 00:51:53,792 --> 00:51:57,500 Justice! We want justice! 580 00:52:28,167 --> 00:52:29,958 Murderers! 581 00:53:19,375 --> 00:53:22,833 I think that the actors of the coup and the dictatorship 582 00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:24,917 believe they did the right thing. 583 00:53:25,083 --> 00:53:27,250 They are still under the effect 584 00:53:27,875 --> 00:53:29,875 of this spell, 585 00:53:30,833 --> 00:53:34,542 I don't know what to call it, this bewitchment. 586 00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:38,292 They thought they were fighting a deadly enemy 587 00:53:38,458 --> 00:53:41,167 who was going to plunge the country 588 00:53:41,333 --> 00:53:43,708 into terrible chaos. 589 00:53:43,875 --> 00:53:46,125 And they are still under the effects 590 00:53:46,750 --> 00:53:48,250 of this spell, 591 00:53:48,417 --> 00:53:51,625 that makes them see this as an epic battle. 592 00:53:51,917 --> 00:53:55,625 The few people who have managed to break the spell 593 00:53:55,792 --> 00:53:58,083 and see what they really did, 594 00:53:58,250 --> 00:54:01,958 killing defenseless men, women and children, 595 00:54:03,167 --> 00:54:05,000 those people have two options: 596 00:54:06,250 --> 00:54:09,583 anguish, discretion and withdrawal, 597 00:54:09,750 --> 00:54:11,083 or denial, 598 00:54:11,250 --> 00:54:15,000 which is the most common and easiest choice, 599 00:54:15,167 --> 00:54:18,167 the one that gives you peace of mind. 600 00:54:18,333 --> 00:54:21,333 I believe that all those people 601 00:54:21,500 --> 00:54:24,542 will die convinced that they did their country good. 602 00:54:24,708 --> 00:54:27,000 They are still under the spell. 603 00:54:27,833 --> 00:54:30,167 Is denial ignoring the facts? 604 00:54:30,333 --> 00:54:31,125 Of course. 605 00:54:31,292 --> 00:54:34,292 Not ignoring them, reinterpreting them. 606 00:54:34,458 --> 00:54:38,958 They interpret the facts from a very fascist point of view: 607 00:54:39,292 --> 00:54:41,000 mythical, epic. 608 00:54:41,458 --> 00:54:44,542 When what actually happened was ordinary, banal, 609 00:54:45,083 --> 00:54:46,292 and heinous. 610 00:54:59,792 --> 00:55:04,042 There was a continuity between the civil political putschists 611 00:55:04,208 --> 00:55:08,625 and those who governed for nearly the whole of the '90's. 612 00:55:08,792 --> 00:55:10,208 They were accomplices. 613 00:55:10,375 --> 00:55:13,917 A new cloak of silence was established. 614 00:55:14,083 --> 00:55:17,000 Salvador Allende's remains were returned 615 00:55:17,167 --> 00:55:20,042 and they were buried again. 616 00:55:21,542 --> 00:55:23,333 It is a metaphor. 617 00:55:23,500 --> 00:55:27,542 They take them out of one hole to quickly put them back in another. 618 00:55:29,583 --> 00:55:31,917 That left the country 619 00:55:33,417 --> 00:55:36,042 in the dark about what had occurred. 620 00:55:52,958 --> 00:55:57,333 These paving stones have been here for many years. 621 00:55:58,708 --> 00:56:02,625 They are made of rocks from the Cordillera. 622 00:56:05,125 --> 00:56:09,042 When I was a child, I loved to step on them. 623 00:56:10,250 --> 00:56:13,125 I used to break free from my grandmother's hand 624 00:56:13,292 --> 00:56:15,542 and step on them, one by one. 625 00:56:20,583 --> 00:56:24,417 Later on, those paving stones were the first 626 00:56:24,583 --> 00:56:29,583 to feel the footsteps of the terror marching through the city. 627 00:56:31,875 --> 00:56:33,125 People 628 00:56:33,292 --> 00:56:36,250 discovered the sound of the tanks 629 00:56:36,750 --> 00:56:38,500 and military trucks. 630 00:56:40,375 --> 00:56:44,667 During the night, they heard noises that nobody had ever heard. 631 00:56:45,917 --> 00:56:50,375 In the morning, they saw people following other people. 632 00:56:53,250 --> 00:56:55,542 When they went outside, 633 00:56:55,708 --> 00:56:58,042 they walked in fear. 634 00:57:16,458 --> 00:57:20,208 If the rocks from the Cordillera could speak, 635 00:57:20,958 --> 00:57:25,375 they would speak of the blood that ran over them. 636 00:57:27,708 --> 00:57:29,333 Here, are engraved 637 00:57:29,500 --> 00:57:32,667 the names of some of the victims. 638 00:57:46,958 --> 00:57:51,375 There are crimes they don't admit to, and they never will. 639 00:57:51,542 --> 00:57:56,833 They say it was abuse, they have never issued a mea culpa. 640 00:57:57,000 --> 00:58:01,292 That is the worst thing about today's situation. 641 00:58:07,292 --> 00:58:08,708 We ask 642 00:58:09,708 --> 00:58:12,250 for them to acknowledge their actions. 643 00:58:12,417 --> 00:58:16,583 They say they were mistakes, that they took things too far. 644 00:58:16,750 --> 00:58:19,083 But they are happy with the economic system. 645 00:58:19,250 --> 00:58:23,375 They continue to abuse, and benefit from the economic system. 646 00:58:24,000 --> 00:58:25,958 They continue to get rich. 647 00:58:26,125 --> 00:58:28,208 It's true, the country has developed. 648 00:58:28,375 --> 00:58:31,208 There are almost no slum areas left now. 649 00:58:31,625 --> 00:58:34,792 Today, poor people have cars, cell phones. 650 00:58:34,958 --> 00:58:36,583 Their lives have changed, 651 00:58:36,750 --> 00:58:40,708 they have much better lives than at the end of the dictatorship. 652 00:58:41,292 --> 00:58:43,542 But the social differences are huge. 653 00:58:43,708 --> 00:58:47,500 Just look at the posh neighborhoods, the seaside villas, 654 00:58:47,667 --> 00:58:50,292 or the mountain chalets... 655 00:58:51,625 --> 00:58:54,500 Or the lakeshores, they own the lakes! 656 00:58:54,667 --> 00:58:58,042 All the beautiful lakeshore spots are private. 657 00:58:58,208 --> 00:58:59,583 We can't access them. 658 00:59:00,875 --> 00:59:02,833 That's just the way it is. 659 00:59:03,125 --> 00:59:05,458 They are still in charge. 660 00:59:06,875 --> 00:59:08,583 The differences are huge. 661 00:59:08,750 --> 00:59:12,958 They've made highways that link their neighborhoods to the airport, 662 00:59:13,125 --> 00:59:15,000 without passing through Santiago. 663 00:59:16,292 --> 00:59:19,083 It's an unbelievable situation. 664 00:59:20,500 --> 00:59:25,250 These people use and abuse what Pinochet left behind. 665 00:59:25,417 --> 00:59:26,917 And still, 666 00:59:28,750 --> 00:59:32,083 they congratulate themselves on their achievements. 667 00:59:42,708 --> 00:59:45,458 Still today, the coup d'Etat is the winner. 668 00:59:46,667 --> 00:59:50,333 We can't forget that the coup d'Etat 669 00:59:51,333 --> 00:59:52,625 was two things: 670 00:59:53,083 --> 00:59:56,750 the establishment of an economic model, 671 00:59:58,083 --> 01:00:02,708 and the institutional structure on which it relies. 672 01:00:02,875 --> 01:00:06,250 In other words, neoliberalism, and the 1980 Constitution. 673 01:00:08,875 --> 01:00:11,375 All of that is still in place. 674 01:00:19,167 --> 01:00:21,042 What happened after the coup d'Etat? 675 01:00:21,208 --> 01:00:22,583 After the military coup, 676 01:00:22,750 --> 01:00:26,375 neoliberal Chile is not only an economical experiment, 677 01:00:26,542 --> 01:00:31,208 it's the establishment of a perception of the world. 678 01:00:31,375 --> 01:00:35,583 Neoliberalism introduces the idea of profitability, 679 01:00:35,750 --> 01:00:38,708 not just for business, but also in life. 680 01:00:38,875 --> 01:00:40,750 In art, culture, 681 01:00:40,917 --> 01:00:44,208 health, teaching, everything must be profitable. 682 01:00:54,042 --> 01:00:56,833 Chile is a stable country for foreign investors. 683 01:00:57,000 --> 01:01:00,667 To attract them, they are told that if they come here, 684 01:01:00,833 --> 01:01:04,333 there will be many advantages and nobody will bother them. 685 01:01:04,500 --> 01:01:07,333 There will be no trade unions, no problems, 686 01:01:07,500 --> 01:01:11,167 there will be no risk to their money in this stable country. 687 01:01:11,500 --> 01:01:13,292 How did this stability come about? 688 01:01:13,458 --> 01:01:17,375 A very long time ago, at the beginning of our Republic, 689 01:01:17,542 --> 01:01:20,583 this stability was born from the use of force. 690 01:01:26,542 --> 01:01:31,625 In Chile, there are ghost trains that circulate at night. 691 01:01:39,458 --> 01:01:44,375 They come from the mines near to the Cordillera. 692 01:01:47,708 --> 01:01:50,417 They remind me of the old trains 693 01:01:50,583 --> 01:01:54,542 that crossed the Andes to get to Argentina. 694 01:01:56,417 --> 01:02:00,917 They carry minerals to the port at any hour, 695 01:02:01,083 --> 01:02:04,958 but especially at night or at dawn. 696 01:02:11,667 --> 01:02:14,583 Everybody is used to seeing them pass, 697 01:02:15,708 --> 01:02:18,333 and nobody asks any questions. 698 01:02:22,458 --> 01:02:26,292 They have no fixed timetables, and they carry copper, 699 01:02:26,458 --> 01:02:29,833 Chile's main wealth. 700 01:02:32,083 --> 01:02:36,375 Sometimes, they stop at a red light, 701 01:02:36,667 --> 01:02:40,167 but nobody knows their schedules. 702 01:02:53,625 --> 01:02:55,875 These invisible trains 703 01:02:56,042 --> 01:02:59,500 travel close to villages with no names, 704 01:02:59,875 --> 01:03:04,833 home to invisible women and men. 705 01:03:07,792 --> 01:03:11,917 In Chile, what cannot be seen does not exist. 706 01:03:16,250 --> 01:03:19,167 We say to ourselves, "something is wrong." 707 01:03:19,625 --> 01:03:21,250 Our soul is sick. 708 01:03:21,417 --> 01:03:23,125 Chile's soul is rotten. 709 01:03:23,750 --> 01:03:26,083 It's extraordinary that there are so many rich, 710 01:03:26,250 --> 01:03:30,792 so many Chilean and foreign millionaires, 711 01:03:30,958 --> 01:03:34,250 in this poor country that lives only from copper. 712 01:03:34,417 --> 01:03:37,833 Copper, which... 713 01:03:38,625 --> 01:03:41,458 in the '60's, was owned half by Chile, 714 01:03:41,625 --> 01:03:44,917 and under Allende, became 100% Chilean. 715 01:03:45,083 --> 01:03:47,167 Today, the Chilean part 716 01:03:48,083 --> 01:03:50,083 is less than the foreign part. 717 01:03:50,250 --> 01:03:54,625 Foreigners take most of our copper. 718 01:03:54,958 --> 01:03:57,333 I don't know the percentages. 719 01:03:57,833 --> 01:04:01,708 The company that mines the most Chilean copper 720 01:04:01,875 --> 01:04:04,250 is foreign, not Chilean. 721 01:04:06,583 --> 01:04:10,583 The military screwed us over, they perverted us. 722 01:04:10,750 --> 01:04:13,625 That is the dictatorship's triumph. 723 01:04:14,500 --> 01:04:18,083 The dictatorship triumphed by handing over the country. 724 01:04:19,333 --> 01:04:20,792 They sold the country. 725 01:04:27,625 --> 01:04:32,333 Snow covers this landscape in the middle of the Cordillera. 726 01:04:35,917 --> 01:04:39,125 If we look for this place on a map, 727 01:04:39,292 --> 01:04:41,875 it is very hard to find. 728 01:04:44,458 --> 01:04:49,542 There are no public byways to visit it. 729 01:04:53,375 --> 01:04:57,625 Nobody can come here without permission. 730 01:04:59,167 --> 01:05:02,583 This is an immense Chilean territory 731 01:05:02,750 --> 01:05:04,417 that is not Chilean. 732 01:05:06,458 --> 01:05:08,250 In some provinces, 733 01:05:08,417 --> 01:05:13,917 80% of the land is private property. 734 01:05:33,667 --> 01:05:38,125 The skyscrapers have not yet invaded 735 01:05:38,625 --> 01:05:42,958 Santiago's neighborhoods with the oldest houses, 736 01:05:43,292 --> 01:05:46,833 that look like a wasteland. 737 01:05:58,875 --> 01:06:00,500 To my great surprise, 738 01:06:00,667 --> 01:06:04,917 these soldiers appear before my camera 739 01:06:05,250 --> 01:06:07,792 and trigger a memory. 740 01:06:09,708 --> 01:06:11,500 When I was a child, 741 01:06:11,667 --> 01:06:16,792 my grandmother used to take me to the national holiday parade 742 01:06:16,958 --> 01:06:19,667 that I had almost forgotten. 743 01:06:21,792 --> 01:06:24,667 The music is still the same. 744 01:07:15,292 --> 01:07:18,500 These are Pinochet's former offices, 745 01:07:19,208 --> 01:07:23,833 he presided over the military parades for 20 years. 746 01:07:27,833 --> 01:07:31,542 I am interested to enter this abandoned building 747 01:07:31,833 --> 01:07:34,125 that is full of ghosts. 748 01:07:37,750 --> 01:07:40,292 I can see the shadows of the generals 749 01:07:40,458 --> 01:07:44,958 walking on these carpets and giving orders. 750 01:07:47,333 --> 01:07:51,208 This is where Pinochet validated the program 751 01:07:51,375 --> 01:07:53,917 proposed by the economists of the time. 752 01:07:54,667 --> 01:07:59,417 They brought the model directly from Chicago. 753 01:08:01,708 --> 01:08:04,958 When they were young students, 754 01:08:05,125 --> 01:08:10,125 they learnt the economic formula to change a country. 755 01:08:10,958 --> 01:08:12,667 The Chicago model 756 01:08:12,958 --> 01:08:17,042 was the most radical formula that existed at the time. 757 01:08:18,708 --> 01:08:21,417 In a country with no freedom, 758 01:08:21,583 --> 01:08:24,417 they were given total freedom 759 01:08:24,583 --> 01:08:26,292 to implement their ideas. 760 01:08:28,167 --> 01:08:31,167 They are still proud, today, 761 01:08:31,333 --> 01:08:34,708 that Chile was the first country 762 01:08:34,875 --> 01:08:36,542 to apply them. 763 01:08:39,750 --> 01:08:43,583 Pinochet appointed them, one by one, 764 01:08:43,875 --> 01:08:47,125 ministers of Economy and Finance. 765 01:08:47,917 --> 01:08:50,000 They demolished everything. 766 01:08:54,000 --> 01:08:56,625 It was the beginning of the end 767 01:08:57,125 --> 01:08:59,417 of the country that I loved. 768 01:09:03,125 --> 01:09:06,875 Today, other neoliberal economists 769 01:09:07,042 --> 01:09:10,750 are appointed in each Chilean government. 770 01:09:13,958 --> 01:09:17,833 I am afraid that this is a universal phenomenon. 771 01:09:33,417 --> 01:09:36,042 The cars in this cemetery 772 01:09:36,208 --> 01:09:39,208 are like objects lost along the way. 773 01:09:41,333 --> 01:09:44,042 They have become useless. 774 01:09:47,375 --> 01:09:49,458 Just like the cars, 775 01:09:50,458 --> 01:09:54,125 everything Chile used to be was discarded. 776 01:10:02,583 --> 01:10:04,875 In the streets of Santiago, 777 01:10:05,042 --> 01:10:08,958 people get lost trying to find their way. 778 01:10:09,125 --> 01:10:11,958 They walk about without meeting each other. 779 01:10:14,042 --> 01:10:17,542 The city resembles a labyrinth. 780 01:10:27,167 --> 01:10:30,042 This social organization of society makes Chileans sad. 781 01:10:30,208 --> 01:10:31,583 Chileans 782 01:10:32,042 --> 01:10:36,625 like to talk to their neighbors, to form neighborhood groups, 783 01:10:36,792 --> 01:10:38,500 or political parties, like before, 784 01:10:38,667 --> 01:10:41,542 in the squares, those meeting places. 785 01:10:42,000 --> 01:10:45,333 You just have to travel through the cities today, 786 01:10:45,500 --> 01:10:48,167 to see that people, nowadays, 787 01:10:48,333 --> 01:10:51,167 walk alone in the crowds. 788 01:10:52,083 --> 01:10:55,792 I believe the sadness of this country is due, 789 01:10:57,583 --> 01:10:59,708 not to the model itself, 790 01:10:59,875 --> 01:11:03,583 but to being part of a system that goes against its nature. 791 01:11:04,208 --> 01:11:06,750 There's a path, but nobody knows where it leads. 792 01:11:36,292 --> 01:11:38,500 Justice! Truth! 793 01:11:38,667 --> 01:11:40,625 No to impunity! 794 01:11:50,083 --> 01:11:54,750 Human rights mobilize people less than before. 795 01:11:55,167 --> 01:11:57,208 Today, it's about women's rights, 796 01:11:57,375 --> 01:11:59,917 abortion, education, 797 01:12:00,542 --> 01:12:01,833 retirement. 798 01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:04,667 Those are today's actual problems. 799 01:12:04,833 --> 01:12:07,250 Problems of repression, 800 01:12:07,417 --> 01:12:10,375 torture and disappearances no longer exist. 801 01:12:10,542 --> 01:12:12,750 But injustice is still the same. 802 01:12:13,625 --> 01:12:15,042 Nothing has changed. 803 01:12:15,208 --> 01:12:17,958 Except there are no deaths, no disappeared people. 804 01:12:18,125 --> 01:12:19,750 The situation remains the same. 805 01:12:21,042 --> 01:12:25,250 I got involved with this and I'm stuck in it, 806 01:12:25,417 --> 01:12:26,583 by my own choice. 807 01:12:26,750 --> 01:12:31,208 All I want is to preserve a trace 808 01:12:31,833 --> 01:12:33,708 of what the dictatorship was like, 809 01:12:33,875 --> 01:12:37,708 how we live, how we used to live, to show that to the young, 810 01:12:37,875 --> 01:12:41,083 so that none of it is forgotten. 811 01:12:41,833 --> 01:12:45,500 And you realize that people don't want this. 812 01:12:49,417 --> 01:12:54,458 The song of joy 813 01:12:54,875 --> 01:12:58,292 The cheerful singing 814 01:12:58,458 --> 01:13:03,458 Of he who awaits a new day 815 01:13:03,958 --> 01:13:08,250 Come, sing, sing as you dream 816 01:13:08,417 --> 01:13:12,500 Live dreaming of the new day 817 01:13:12,875 --> 01:13:16,208 The day when men 818 01:13:16,375 --> 01:13:21,250 Will live once again as brothers 819 01:14:07,083 --> 01:14:08,792 We will always be more! 820 01:14:32,875 --> 01:14:36,083 Pinochet's system remains in place today. 821 01:14:36,250 --> 01:14:38,667 An economical system 822 01:14:39,333 --> 01:14:42,417 that favors the rich and extorts the poor. 823 01:14:42,583 --> 01:14:45,792 If you fail to pay a bill, the fines are heavy. 824 01:14:45,958 --> 01:14:49,042 If a rich person wants to buy a bank, he asks for a loan, 825 01:14:49,208 --> 01:14:51,667 and is given a very low interest rate. 826 01:14:52,208 --> 01:14:54,625 If a poor person buys a pair of shoes on credit, 827 01:14:54,792 --> 01:14:56,417 he pays triple the price. 828 01:14:56,750 --> 01:15:00,333 If a rich guy buys a bank, he pays peanuts. 829 01:15:02,583 --> 01:15:06,333 That's how our country works. 830 01:15:07,042 --> 01:15:08,708 But it is our country. 831 01:15:08,875 --> 01:15:13,083 I won't emigrate to Argentina, Brazil or anywhere else. 832 01:15:13,250 --> 01:15:14,417 This is where I'm from. 833 01:16:36,542 --> 01:16:38,833 Pablo's archives 834 01:16:39,958 --> 01:16:43,500 are a fragile treasure, but an extraordinary one. 835 01:16:44,750 --> 01:16:48,500 They are the witnesses of a page of Chilean history. 836 01:16:50,333 --> 01:16:53,375 They maintain intact and visible 837 01:16:53,542 --> 01:16:57,458 the thousands of faces of the popular resistance. 838 01:17:00,292 --> 01:17:02,833 Thanks to Pablo's work, 839 01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:06,042 it is impossible to erase history 840 01:17:06,208 --> 01:17:08,833 and to claim that the past didn't happen. 841 01:17:11,208 --> 01:17:13,875 Today, throughout Chile, 842 01:17:14,042 --> 01:17:18,792 there are many young filmmakers who film everywhere. 843 01:17:21,458 --> 01:17:26,500 Together, they write the memory of the future. 844 01:17:45,833 --> 01:17:48,125 When I arrived in Chile, this time, 845 01:17:48,292 --> 01:17:52,958 I was very keen to explore the Cordillera. 846 01:17:54,875 --> 01:17:57,042 But I soon realized 847 01:17:57,208 --> 01:18:00,417 that the Cordillera was hiding something from me. 848 01:18:04,042 --> 01:18:07,375 There is something behind the rocks. 849 01:18:08,250 --> 01:18:11,500 Perhaps it is the echoes of the coup d'Etat. 850 01:18:15,583 --> 01:18:17,583 This evokes 851 01:18:17,750 --> 01:18:19,208 a very personal feeling. 852 01:18:20,833 --> 01:18:25,125 I've never spoken of the loneliness that has stayed with me 853 01:18:25,292 --> 01:18:30,458 since that 11th of September, 1973. 854 01:18:32,708 --> 01:18:35,792 It is like a hidden anxiety, 855 01:18:36,167 --> 01:18:38,250 as if, beneath my feet, 856 01:18:38,417 --> 01:18:40,167 something had collapsed, 857 01:18:40,917 --> 01:18:43,208 like during an earthquake. 858 01:18:49,792 --> 01:18:54,667 It has been 46 years since I left my country. 859 01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:57,833 During that time, 860 01:18:58,000 --> 01:19:02,250 I have made twenty films about Chile. 861 01:19:03,875 --> 01:19:08,833 I have lived longer abroad than in my country. 862 01:19:11,792 --> 01:19:16,042 I have got used to making films from a distance. 863 01:19:16,917 --> 01:19:19,583 But I never stopped feeling alone, 864 01:19:19,750 --> 01:19:24,542 working in isolation, in the midst of everyday life. 865 01:19:27,333 --> 01:19:28,500 In my soul, 866 01:19:28,667 --> 01:19:35,208 the smoke never cleared from the ashes of my destroyed home. 867 01:19:36,958 --> 01:19:40,042 I would like, if it were possible, 868 01:19:40,208 --> 01:19:43,583 to reconstruct it, and to begin again. 869 01:21:56,708 --> 01:22:02,250 I found small fragments of the universe in the Cordillera. 870 01:22:03,083 --> 01:22:06,250 They are preserved in Chilean museums. 871 01:22:09,250 --> 01:22:11,833 They are meteorites, 872 01:22:12,250 --> 01:22:15,125 stones that fall from the sky. 873 01:22:16,708 --> 01:22:20,000 They are small pieces of planets, 874 01:22:20,167 --> 01:22:22,167 that come from very far away. 875 01:22:23,958 --> 01:22:26,542 My mother taught me 876 01:22:26,708 --> 01:22:30,708 that each time a meteorite falls, in the middle of the night, 877 01:22:31,083 --> 01:22:33,333 you can make a wish 878 01:22:33,500 --> 01:22:34,833 which comes true 879 01:22:35,000 --> 01:22:37,708 if you keep it secret. 880 01:22:39,333 --> 01:22:41,958 But I want to say it out loud. 881 01:22:43,208 --> 01:22:48,708 My wish is that Chile recovers its childhood and its joy. 65458

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