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(dramatic music)
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(uplifting music)
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(gentle melodic music)
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- [Narrator] Our journey
begins of Kalundborg
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on the west side of Zealand,
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before heading south along the coast
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to the Great Belt Bridge,
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and on to the island of Tasinge.
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From there it's north to Odense
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and the birth place of
Hans Christian Andersen,
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before turning west to
Jutland and Billund,
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the home of Lego.
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From there it's up the coast
to a royal palace at Aarhus,
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and then on to Ebeltoft
and its historic ship.
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Inland, we fly over the vast Limfjord,
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before turning north to
the very tip of Denmark,
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at Skagen.
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There are about 406 islands in Denmark,
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of which 70 are inhabited.
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This gives the country a coastline
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of around 7,000 kilometers.
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As a result, the Danes
have a proud association
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with the sea, stretching back
to the days of the vikings,
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who set sail in their
longships to explore the world.
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And around the coast
are hundreds of harbors,
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many of them hundreds of years old.
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Kalundborg, on the west coast of Denmark's
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main island, Zealand,
is a port whose history
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stretches back to the vikings,
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though what we see today dates
from the early 12th Century.
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The Church of Our Lady is one of Denmark's
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most important historic places of worship,
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and dates from this period.
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It can't be earlier, as
brick was not used in Denmark
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before the year 1170.
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The plan is in the form of a Greek cross,
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with four arms of equal length.
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There are hints in the design of
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the Church of the Sepulcher in Jerusalem,
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not surprising as this was
at a time of the crusades,
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when knights would have been
returning from the holy land.
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One very noticeable sight in the town,
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as well as across the
whole of the country,
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is the Danes' love of their national flag,
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which can be seen fluttering
from thousands of flagpoles.
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Across the bay is Lerchenborg Palace,
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a beautiful baroque house built in 1745
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for General Lerche Lerchenborg,
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a rich Danish land owner.
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It's one of the finest examples
of its type in Denmark,
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and the general's descendants
still live in the house today.
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The symmetrical three sided house
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stands opposite a set of
magnificent farm buildings,
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a testament to Denmark's
agricultural heritage.
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Except for towns and harbors,
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the coastline is remarkably unspoiled.
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Holiday houses are set in the trees,
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away from the beach, where
no building is allowed
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to spoil the natural landscape.
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And it was in this landscape, Trelleborg,
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that the vikings bought
one of their ring castles.
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This rare example, which was
first excavated in the 1930s,
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was probably constructed towards
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the end of the 10th Century.
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Within the circular fort are two roads
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connecting the fort gates.
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One entrance has been reconstructed,
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to show how it might have looked.
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The circular fort is divided in quarters,
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and in each quarter were four longhouses.
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At the entrance to Trelleborg,
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one of them was reconstructed in 1948.
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A building like this would've
housed about 50 warriors.
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This means the site
probably had a population
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of around a thousand people,
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as several other buildings
have been unearthed
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outside the fort.
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At the time the fort was built,
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the river would've been navigable,
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and it's not hard to
imagine the viking longships
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moored up along the bank.
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Today, it's small ferries
that set sail from harbors,
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as they carry passengers and
vehicles between the islands.
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This is the only connection they have
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with the main towns on the larger islands.
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The sea has been the lifeblood
of Denmark for centuries,
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as ships, large and small,
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ply the waterways around the country.
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One of the main sea
lanes is the Great Belt,
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which divides the islands
of Zealand and Funen.
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But in 1997, they were joined together
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by one of the world's
greatest engineering feats,
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the Great Belt Bridge.
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(triumphant music)
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This is the world's third
longest suspension bridge,
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and incidentally contains
the highest point in Denmark.
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At the western end it drops
to a lower level bridge,
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carrying the railway line as well.
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The complete link between
the islands is 18 kilometers,
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construction took 10 years,
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and at the time was the
biggest building project
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in Denmark's history.
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In the middle is the island of Sprogø,
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where the railway line
splits away from the road
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and enters the eastern tunnel,
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which is the second longest
bore tunnel in Europe.
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The vertical clearance
under the suspension bridge
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is 65 meters, which means the
world's largest cruise ships
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would just fit through.
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It is estimated that
around 30,000 vehicles
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pay to use the crossing every day,
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and on the east side
are the 22 toll booths.
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Before the bridge was built
and the ferries operated,
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only 8,000 vehicles were
able to cross each day.
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(gentle music)
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Nowhere in Denmark is
very far from the sea,
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so it's not surprising that it's played
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such a large part in
Danish history and culture,
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stretching back to the
great age of the vikings.
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And this love of the sea
can be seen at weekends,
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when waterways between the islands,
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like here off the island of Tasinge,
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offers safe sailing
for thousands of boats,
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all shapes and sizes.
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And overlooking the sea
from the island of Tasinge
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is Valdemar's Castle.
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This magnificent house was
built by King Christian IV
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in the mid 17th Century for
his young son, Valdemar.
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The kind had a love of architecture,
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and as a result left a legacy of many
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beautiful buildings across Denmark,
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and also a mountain of debt.
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However, Valdemar never moved in,
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as he was killed in battle in Poland
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shortly after the house was finished.
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The king then gave the
house to an admiral,
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who'd won a victory over the Swedes,
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as payment for the ships
captured in battle.
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His descendants still
live in the house today.
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And it was this admiral who,
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wanting to improve his estate
in the mid 18th Century,
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decided to enlarge the village of Troense
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and built a series of thatched
cottages for his tenants.
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Remarkably, over 30 half timbered houses
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have survived the centuries
and are now heavily protected.
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These beautiful picturesque cottages
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have become part of Danish
architectural history
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and feature in paintings, books,
posters and greeting cards.
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From small cottages to a mighty fortress
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on the island of Funen,
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and one of Europe's finest
renaissance castles,
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Egeskov.
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The castle was built for defense
in the late 16th Century,
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and constructed on oak piles in the lake.
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The name, Egeskov,
translates as oak forest.
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The legend that it took
a forest to build Egeskov
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cannot be far from the truth,
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as it's not hard to
imagine how much timber
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would have been required
to hold the weight
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of this vast building.
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The castle is basically two long houses,
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joined together by a double wall,
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which is so thick that it contains
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secret staircases and a deep well
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to secure a water supply.
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In its history, this historic
castle has been lived in
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by several different families.
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And in 1784 it was sold to Henrik Bille,
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whose descendants have
lived here ever since.
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The gardens have been laid
out in a renaissance style,
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including this circular maze,
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where it can take 15
minutes to find the center.
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Egeskov is a very popular place to visit,
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and one of Denmark's top attractions.
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Another popular place to
visit is the Funen village.
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This is an open air museum
dedicated to preserving
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everyday buildings from the
18th and 19th centuries.
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By the early 20th Century,
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many old buildings were
beginning to be lost,
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and the establishment
of an historic village
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would be a way of preserving them.
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To begin with there were
only eight buildings,
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which were brought to
the site and re-erected.
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Today, there are 26.
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The museum was founded
by the Danes in 1942,
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during the German
occupation of World War II,
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as a way of communicating and
reminding the people of Funen
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of their history and culture.
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It was also used as a place to congregate
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and sing patriotic songs during
those dark days of the war.
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The main city on Funen is Odense,
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and with a population of
around 170,000 people,
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it is the third largest city in Denmark.
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Its history stretches back
to the days of the vikings,
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and is also the burial place
of Denmark's patron saint,
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King Canute IV, after his murder in one of
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the city's priories in 1086.
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But perhaps Odense's most famous resident,
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who was born here in this
small cottage in 1805,
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is the writer of children's stories
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which have traveled the world,
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Hans Christian Andersen.
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His birthplace is now a museum
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and a center for people to study his work.
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By the 1830s he had become
a successful writer,
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and in 1835 began to publish
his famous fairytales.
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They were not an instant
hit, but gradually,
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over time, they became
more and more popular,
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and today they are read by millions.
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The Little Mermaid, The Ugly Duckling,
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The Princess and the Pea, The Snow Queen,
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and Thumbelina are just some
of his best known stories.
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The island of Funen is joined to Jutland
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by the old and new Little Belt Bridges.
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Jutland is the only part of Denmark
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which is joined to mainland Europe
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and shares a border with Germany.
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The New Little Belt
Bridge was built in 1970
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and is one of only a few in the world
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that actually has heating in the road deck
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so that it can be kept clear
of ice and snow in the winter.
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The church at Jelling in Jutland
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has a very important place
in the history of Denmark,
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as it was here in the 10th Century
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that the old pagan religion of the vikings
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gradually gave way to Christianity.
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The Danish king, Gorm the Old,
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followed by his son Harald Bluetooth,
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erected two large stones carved with
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early Christian symbols.
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Also in the churchyard are
two enormous burial mounds
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which were built around the same time
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as the stones were put up.
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Perhaps more impressive is that laying
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under the ground between the two mounds
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are a series of stones in the shape of
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a great 350 meter viking longship.
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In 1994, this important
historic location at Jelling
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was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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A few miles to the west
is Billund Airport,
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the second busiest in Denmark,
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with a car park full to capacity.
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And the reason for this popularity
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is that on the end of the runway
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is Denmark's top attraction outside
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the capital city of Copenhagen,
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Legoland.
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(upbeat playful music)
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It was in 1932 that Ole Kirk Christiansen
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founded the Lego company.
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The first toys were made of wood,
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00:16:16,340 --> 00:16:19,770
but it was in 1958 that
the molded plastic brick
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used today was patented.
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00:16:22,623 --> 00:16:27,623
In 1968 the first Legoland
opened its doors to the public.
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Since then they have opened in Britain,
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00:16:30,350 --> 00:16:33,420
Germany, and the United States.
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00:16:33,420 --> 00:16:35,700
The mission of the company is to inspire
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00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:38,070
and develop the builders of tomorrow,
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00:16:38,070 --> 00:16:41,520
and the vision is to
pioneer new ways of playing.
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00:16:42,661 --> 00:16:44,631
As we can see from the crowds
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00:16:44,630 --> 00:16:46,760
rushing to get in at opening time,
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00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:49,210
the theme parks are highly successful
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00:16:49,210 --> 00:16:51,220
and cater for children of all ages,
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00:16:51,223 --> 00:16:53,333
as well as their parents.
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00:16:54,170 --> 00:16:57,400
There are rides and
activities to suit everyone,
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00:16:57,400 --> 00:17:00,650
including LEGOREDO, a wild west area,
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00:17:00,646 --> 00:17:05,096
Pirate Land, the Knight's
Kingdom and their castle,
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00:17:05,099 --> 00:17:09,129
and perhaps best known
of all is Mini Land,
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00:17:09,130 --> 00:17:12,720
where a complete town,
city, is built of millions
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00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:15,430
of these iconic little bricks.
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00:17:15,430 --> 00:17:17,870
Lego estimate that in 50 years
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00:17:17,870 --> 00:17:22,640
the company has sold
around 400 billion bricks.
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00:17:22,638 --> 00:17:25,988
Current production is 20 billion a year,
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00:17:25,987 --> 00:17:29,437
which means if all the
Lego bricks ever made
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00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:32,260
were shared out with every
single person on Earth,
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00:17:32,260 --> 00:17:36,180
that each of us would
have about 60 bricks.
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00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:40,500
The name Lego is derived
from two danish words;
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00:17:40,500 --> 00:17:43,900
leg godt, meaning play well.
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00:17:43,900 --> 00:17:46,700
And millions of children around the world
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00:17:46,700 --> 00:17:50,090
have been doing just that
for over half a century.
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00:17:55,340 --> 00:17:58,410
Time to head north, up
the east coast of Jutland
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00:17:58,413 --> 00:18:00,973
and to Marselisborg Palace,
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00:18:00,970 --> 00:18:04,130
the royal summer residence
of the Danish royal family.
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00:18:06,140 --> 00:18:10,110
The 18th Century house was
built for the Marselis family,
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00:18:10,110 --> 00:18:13,240
and in 1898 it was bought
for Prince Christian
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00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:15,350
and Princess Alexandrine,
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00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:18,500
as a wedding present from
the people of Denmark.
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00:18:18,500 --> 00:18:21,490
He would later become King Christian X.
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00:18:21,491 --> 00:18:24,211
This means that the palace is the property
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00:18:24,210 --> 00:18:25,820
of the Kingdom of Denmark,
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00:18:25,820 --> 00:18:29,060
and can be used by all future monarchs.
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00:18:29,055 --> 00:18:31,665
Present queen is Margrethe II,
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00:18:31,673 --> 00:18:34,643
and she and her family
began using the palace
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00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,450
as a summer residence in 1967,
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00:18:37,447 --> 00:18:41,757
and also spent Easter and
Christmas holidays there.
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00:18:41,764 --> 00:18:45,004
The house and park are open to the public
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00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:47,220
when the queen is not in residence.
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00:18:50,528 --> 00:18:54,268
Heading across the sea to
the east, past Kalø bay,
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00:18:54,270 --> 00:18:56,560
is the harbor town of Ebeltoft,
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00:18:56,556 --> 00:19:00,276
and in a dry dock is one
of the world's largest
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00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:04,310
wooden ships and the last
screw propelled steam frigate.
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00:19:07,940 --> 00:19:09,730
This is the frigate Jylland,
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00:19:09,730 --> 00:19:12,550
built in 1860 and a perfect example
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00:19:12,550 --> 00:19:15,770
of the transition between
sail and steam power.
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00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:22,810
In 1864 she saw action against
the Austrian-Prussian Navy,
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00:19:22,810 --> 00:19:25,170
in the first battle fought between fleets
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00:19:25,170 --> 00:19:28,520
without the use of sails
for the entire engagement.
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00:19:32,140 --> 00:19:35,920
By 1908 the Jylland was
close to being scrapped,
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00:19:35,922 --> 00:19:39,592
but was eventually saved
for her historic importance.
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00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:43,100
However, it was only in the 1960s
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00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,590
that she was towed here to Ebeltoft
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00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:47,310
where restoration could begin.
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00:19:53,140 --> 00:19:55,940
20 miles to the west is one of Denmark's
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00:19:55,940 --> 00:19:59,750
finest country houses, Clausholm Castle.
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00:19:59,747 --> 00:20:02,657
(orchestral music)
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00:20:04,270 --> 00:20:07,300
In the 1690s, the Chancellor of Denmark,
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00:20:07,301 --> 00:20:09,431
Count Conrad Reventlow,
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00:20:09,434 --> 00:20:11,814
took over the estate and inherited
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00:20:11,810 --> 00:20:13,650
an old, dilapidated building.
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00:20:14,490 --> 00:20:17,410
He promptly pulled it
down and began building
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00:20:17,410 --> 00:20:19,170
what we see today.
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00:20:19,172 --> 00:20:21,712
He designed it in such a way that he
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00:20:21,710 --> 00:20:24,130
and his family lived on the ground floor,
324
00:20:24,130 --> 00:20:26,960
leaving the upper floor
for visiting royalty,
325
00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:30,100
with larger rooms and
more sumptuous decoration.
326
00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:33,940
The house is one of the
earliest and most complete
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00:20:33,940 --> 00:20:36,050
baroque buildings in Denmark.
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00:20:37,477 --> 00:20:40,767
And it remained in this
way, frozen in time,
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00:20:40,770 --> 00:20:43,000
until the 1960s.
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00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,990
There was no electricity, running
water, or central heating,
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00:20:46,992 --> 00:20:49,792
so it was only occupied
during the summer months.
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00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:53,420
It was in 1964 that the present owners
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00:20:53,420 --> 00:20:57,140
began a massive restoration
and modernization program
334
00:20:57,140 --> 00:20:59,660
to bring Clausholm up to date.
335
00:20:59,659 --> 00:21:02,849
And in the process they
have succeeded in retaining
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00:21:02,850 --> 00:21:06,340
all the charm and style
of the early 18th Century
337
00:21:06,340 --> 00:21:08,340
for the many visitors to appreciate.
338
00:21:12,083 --> 00:21:16,393
To the north is Denmark's
largest fjord, Limfjord,
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00:21:16,387 --> 00:21:18,927
which stretches across Jutland,
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00:21:18,930 --> 00:21:21,740
joining the North Sea to the Baltic.
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00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:24,480
It consists of many broads or lakes,
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00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:27,230
joined together with
narrower sections of water.
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00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:31,010
In the past it was used by viking raiders
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00:21:31,010 --> 00:21:34,320
who set sail from here
across the sea to Britain,
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00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:37,280
and today, used by coastal cargo ships
346
00:21:37,280 --> 00:21:39,790
as a passage between the various towns.
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00:21:41,860 --> 00:21:45,110
And on the east side of one
of the waterways in Limfjord
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00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:49,810
is a reminder of past
times, Spøttrup Castle.
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00:21:49,814 --> 00:21:52,564
(dramatic music)
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00:21:54,390 --> 00:21:57,720
This is one of Denmark's best
preserved medieval castles.
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00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:02,380
It was designed in the early
1500s with defense in mind,
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00:22:02,380 --> 00:22:03,460
not comfort.
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00:22:04,554 --> 00:22:07,664
The double moat and enormous earth wall
354
00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:10,070
or bailey around the castle would make
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00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:13,930
any attackers an easy target
as they tried to get across.
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00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:19,510
During one failed attack, an upper story
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00:22:19,510 --> 00:22:21,830
where the soldiers lived caught fire
358
00:22:21,826 --> 00:22:23,626
and was not replaced.
359
00:22:27,370 --> 00:22:30,650
Spøttrup was restored
back to its original form
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00:22:30,650 --> 00:22:33,610
in the 1940s, and opened as a museum.
361
00:22:40,659 --> 00:22:43,549
Back on the east coast
and vast approaching
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00:22:43,550 --> 00:22:45,430
our final destination,
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00:22:45,430 --> 00:22:48,120
peat colored rivers flow into the sea
364
00:22:48,120 --> 00:22:50,250
and over ridges of sand,
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00:22:50,250 --> 00:22:52,560
clearly visible in the still water.
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00:22:53,509 --> 00:22:56,089
(gentle music)
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00:23:12,810 --> 00:23:15,600
From 4,000 meters it's possible to see
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00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:18,520
the whole of the Skagen peninsula.
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00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,310
This strip of land is
considered the boundary
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00:23:21,310 --> 00:23:23,780
between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.
371
00:23:23,780 --> 00:23:28,780
The area is sometimes referred
to as the land of light,
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00:23:29,090 --> 00:23:32,290
as it is sunnier here than
anywhere else in Denmark.
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00:23:36,790 --> 00:23:40,250
This light attracted
painters in the 19th Century,
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00:23:40,250 --> 00:23:43,510
many of whom settled
in the town of Skagen,
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00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:46,260
where they formed the Skagen school.
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00:23:49,010 --> 00:23:51,600
This is the most northern town in Denmark,
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00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:55,130
and the arrival of artists
as well as notable visitors
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00:23:55,130 --> 00:23:57,150
such as Hans Christian Andersen,
379
00:23:57,150 --> 00:23:59,980
saw Skagan grow into a thriving resort.
380
00:24:03,425 --> 00:24:06,255
The original building
style of yellow houses
381
00:24:06,260 --> 00:24:09,460
with red roof tiles has
been copied ever since
382
00:24:09,460 --> 00:24:10,970
as the town expanded.
383
00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:17,000
It was also in the 19th Century that
384
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:20,400
the moving sand dunes on the
west side of the peninsula
385
00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,460
were brought under control
with large scale planting
386
00:24:23,460 --> 00:24:25,770
of grasses, bushes and fir trees.
387
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:33,010
And in the new grass, summer
houses began to appear
388
00:24:33,010 --> 00:24:35,170
in the early 1900s.
389
00:24:35,168 --> 00:24:37,618
At first they were fairly basic
390
00:24:37,620 --> 00:24:40,150
and had no electricity or mains water,
391
00:24:40,149 --> 00:24:43,349
but more modern versions
have all the style
392
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:46,260
that has become associated
with Danish design.
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00:24:48,456 --> 00:24:52,116
The tip of Jutland, here
at Grenen Promontory,
394
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:55,000
is where west and east
coasts come together
395
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,050
at Denmark's most northerly point.
396
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:01,960
This is where the North
Sea meets the Baltic.
397
00:25:01,964 --> 00:25:06,394
It's also one of the most popular
places for Danes to visit.
398
00:25:06,386 --> 00:25:10,336
And they can avoid a long
30 minute walk to the point
399
00:25:10,340 --> 00:25:13,590
by using tractor buses called sand worms.
400
00:25:15,382 --> 00:25:19,012
Skagen has become a special
place for the Danes.
401
00:25:19,010 --> 00:25:21,490
Come to Grenen Promontory to stand on
402
00:25:21,490 --> 00:25:24,200
the thin sand bar between the two seas.
403
00:25:24,197 --> 00:25:27,947
And on the northernmost
point of not only Denmark
404
00:25:27,950 --> 00:25:30,990
but also mainland Europe as well.
405
00:25:32,120 --> 00:25:34,670
A fitting place to end this journey.
406
00:25:37,556 --> 00:25:41,306
(uplifting orchestral music)
30778
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