Original subtitles

aemufqHk;tqifhjydKifyGJyg

olwdkY&JUtaumif;qHk;pGrf;&nfawGeJY jydKifMurSmyg

*sdrf;[efwf uxdyfqHk;uaeOD;aqmifaeygw,f NyD;&ifawmh jydKifbufa[mif;MuD;jzpfwJh epfuDygyJ

aus;Zl;jyKNyD; upm;orm;tm;vHk;tqifoifhvkyfxm;ay;yg

vsifjrefaomt[kef

1976 Mo*wfv *smrefum;jydKif0if;

-b,fvdkvJ -jrefjrefvkyf

yxrae&mtwGuf &moDwpfckrSm jydKifum;armif;orm;eSpfq,fhig;a,mufujydKifqdkif&ygw,f

wpfeSpfrSm eSpfa,mufawmhaoqHk;wmygyJ

'DvdktvkyfrsdK;udkb,fvdkvlawGuvkyfcsif&wmvJ

omrefvlawGqdk&ifawmh vkyfrSmr[kwfygbl;

aoG;at;w,f tE�&m,fawGeJYMuHKawGY&w,f vHkjcHKrIjynfh0&w,f

'gayr,fh rSwfwrf;a&;xdk;csifwJhvlawGuawmh

aozdkYtwGuf tqifoifhygyJ

uRefawmfh&JUemrnfuawmh epfuD&Gef'gyJjzpfygw,f

uRefawmfhrSmvlodrsm;wJhtcsufeSpfcsuf&Sdygw,f

yxrwpfcku uRefawmfh&JUjydKifum;armif;wJhpGrf;&nf

aumif;NyD rif;'gudkvJcsifao;vm;

[efwfyJvm; olYtwGufyJvm;

olwdkY&JUyp�nf;awGudkpDrHcefYcGJ&ygw,f

'gawGub,fvdkt&mrsdK;qdkwmudk uRefawmfrodygbl;

uRefawmfwdkYujydKifum;armif;orm;awGyJav

ukr�PDawGuawmhtwlwlygyK

uRefawmfhtwGufvm; 'guodyfudkjynfhpHkwJht&myg

'gayr,fh tjcm;vlawGuawmh'DvdkawG;rSmr[kwfygbl;

uRefawmfhwdkYeSpfa,mufMum;rSm 'Dt&mawGu tjidK;MuD;wJhjydKifbufawGjzpfapcJhw,f

vlawGuawmhtqifoifhjzpfaeygNyD

aemufwpfckudkvnf; uRefawmftrSwf&ygao;w,f

1976 Mo*wfv rSmjzpfcJhwmyg

tJh'dtcsdefwkef;u uRefawmfolYudkaumufuspfwJhvlwpfa,mufvdkYyJ owfrSwfcJhygw,f

vGefcJhwJhajcmufeSpfu

cifAsm;wdkY vlemwifum;ac:p&mrvdkawmhbl;vdkYxifwmyJ uRefawmfu *sdrf;[efwfyg

b,fvdkjzpfae&wmvJ aoG;xGufwmudkwpfa,mufrSrjrifzl;bl;vm;

-&Sif tqifajy&JUvm; -igbmrSrjzpfygbl;

-&Sif tufqD;'ifhjzpfoGm;wmvdkYxifaewm -[kwfygw,f

'gayr,fh'Dudkigudk,fwdkifvmedkifygao;w,f

-&SifrSmraysmfr&Tifjzpfae&wmawG&Sdao;vm; -bmrSrqdkifygbl;aemf

aqm&D;

igh&JUrdef;raMumifhyg

-uRefrenf;enf;avmufcsKyfvdkufrS&r,f -aoG;xGufaewkef;yJvm;

trsm;MuD;r[kwfygbl;

-bmvkyfcJhwmvJ -bmrSr[kwfygbl;

olUudkvkyfay;zdkYajymcJhwmyg

-'gyJav -awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f

jydKifum;armif;orm;awGudkrdef;uav;awGbmaMumifh oabmus&w,fqdkwmudk uRefawmfem;rvnfygbl;

uRefawmfwdkYudkav;pm;vdkYr[kwfwmawmhaocsmygw,f

um;jydKif&wmut&rf;udkysif;&dzdkYaumif;wmyg

olwdkYudktm&HkpdkufvmatmifqGJaqmifaewmaMumifhvdkYxifwmyJ

uRefawmfwdkYeJY aorif;wrefjydKifyGJawG

'DjydKifyGJawGuvlawGudkazsmfajzrIawGay;edkifw,f

cHpm;csufawGjzpfapw,f

aozdkYtwGuf &kef;uefae&ovdkygyJ

uRefawmfhemrnfuawmh *sdrf;[efwf yg

uRefawmfhtazuawmhtvkyform; uRefawmfhnDruawmhempfhr

tpfudkawGuawmh pm&if;udkifawG

uRefawmfvm; uRefawmf'Dtvkyfudkvkyf&rSmyJav

'gu wu,fudkpdwfvIyf&Sm;zdkYaumif;wJht&mawGyg

aeY&ufwdkif;u &Sifoefjcif;eJY aoqHk;jcif;twGufppfrsufeSmjyifawGygyJ

1970 vef'ef c&pfpw,fyJavpfh jydKifuGif;

uRefrt&ifu'gudkwpfcgrSrjrifzl;bl;

eif xdef;odrf;xm;vdkY&ygw,f

-'gubmawGvJ -ya&mfzuf&Sife,f ud&d,mwefqmyvmawGaygh

vlawGuighudkapmifhMunfhcsifaewmu ighudk&l;oGyfapw,f

ig tedkif,ledkifr,fvdkYarQmfvifhwmyJ t&rf;pdwf"gwfusaewJhyHkaygufaeyghvm;

r[kwfygbl;

-igu emrnfMuD;wpfa,mufrvdkYeifigeJYtwl&Sdaewmvm; -r[kwfygbl;

vmcJh 'DaeYuaysmfp&maumif;wJhaeYav;yg

-tm;vHk;tqifajy&JUvm; oluawmheefpDyg -[vdk

-'gu igh&JUvkyfazmfudkifzufawGyJ -aeaumif;&JUvm;

-aumif;ygw,f -aumif;w,f

-'gu igwdkY&JY'DZdkif;emyJ -awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f

'guawmh igwdkY&JUabmpfh

aeaumif;&JUvm;

aumif;ygw,f

-pr,f -'Dum;vm;

[kwfwmaygh eHywfig;q,fhudk;

bD;eJYtif*sif

-'gu odyfNyD;awmhraumif;ygbl; -t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;zdkYaumif;rSmyg

bmrSpdwfylzdkYrvdkygbl; 'guvkyfaeusae&mygyJ

'gu olwdkYydktawGUtMuHK&atmifvkyfay;rvdrfhr,f

jydKifyGJ0ifr,fhum;awGudk wifoGif;ygawmh

-emrnfMuD;yJvm; -vG,fvG,feJYawmhb,fawmhrSr&bl;

-wpfcGufavmufaomufvdkuftkef; -aus;Zl;yJ

aumif;NyD tqifajyw,frvm;

tckjydKifyGJuawmh

c&pfpw,fyJavphf jydKifuGif;tprf;armif;yGJygyJcifAs

aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmhupm;orm;awGtoifhvkyfxm;ay;yg

tckcsufcsif;pwifawmhrSmyg

-tJh'gb,folMuD;vJ -vlopfyg

tydkxnfhxm;wmyg

Mopaw;vsvlrsdK;

olu'DeSpfrS t&rf;emrnfMuD;vmwmyg

rif; 'DaeYaumif;aumif;tm&HkpdkufrS&r,f

'g rvdktyfygbl;

ig em;cHedkifygw,f

wu,fudkrdkufwmyJ

'Dvdktif*sifoHrsdK;u

um&Hjynfh0aewJh *DwoHZOfwpfckvdkyJ

eefpD a,musfm;awGurdef;rawGudkMudKufMuw,f

'gayr,fh olwdkYawGuawmhum;udkyJjrwfedk;Muw,f

-vm

[efwf xdyfqHk;uaeOD;aqmifaeygw,f 'gayr,fh taemufurSDcgeD;aeygNyD

[efwf xdyfqHk;ae&mudkxdef;odrf;xm;edkifao;ygw,f

olU&JUaemufuwpfpD;uxyfusyfruGmvdkufaeygw,f

tJh'gb,folMuD;vJ

&Gef'gu tpGef;rSm

ol rSDawmhr,f

ol xdyfqHk;uaeOD;aqmifaeygNyD

'DvdktjctaersdK;uwu,fudktHhMop&mygyJ

[efwf trSDvdkufzdkYMudK;pm;aeygw,f

'gayr,fh olvrf;aMumif;xJudk0ifvmygNyD enf;enf;uG,fxm;ygw,f

wdkufrdygNyD

'gayr,fh olwdkYawGxdef;csKyfxm;edkifygw,fcifAs

&Gef'g a&SYrSmyg

olU&JUtHhMozG,f&mvkyfaqmifrIudkcifAsm;wdkYhjrifedkifygw,f

-tcsdefr&Sdawmhygbl; -tcsdefukefygw,f

wu,fhudk&ifwzdkzdkeJYMunfh&wJhjydKifyGJav;ygyJ

&Gef'gtwGufvnf; tHhMozG,f&matmifjrifrIygyJ

tedkif&&Sdoluawmh *sdrf;[efwf yJjzpfygw,f

ol bmvif;'grdk;udk ausmfjzwfoGm;edkifygNyD

um;csif;wdkufrdtNyD;rSm &Gef'gu um;udkjyefarmif;edkifcJhjcif;r&Sdygbl;

-uHaumif;wyg -vl,kwfrm

-'gu atmifyGJwpfckygyJ -rif; pdwful;,OftdrfrufxJa&mufaewmvm;

rif;vkyfedkifr,fvdkY igxifaew,frsm;rSwfaewmvm; trSm;wpfckygyJ

-'DvdktjyKtrIawGu vlawGudkaoatmifvkyfaewmyJ -'gayr,fh igwdkYraocJhbl;av

rif;touf&SifcJhwJhtwGuf ig0rf;omygw,f

oGm;aovdkufyghvm;

rif;emrnfajymprf;ygtkef;

*sdrf;qdkifrGef0Javpfh[efwf yJ

'DemrnfudkrSwfxm;yg

&dk;&dk;av;ygyJ trJvdkuform;wpfa,mufyJav

igu rkqdk;yJ

-tJh'gb,folvJ -igvnf;rodbl; aocsmwmuawmhraumif;qdk;0g;wpfaumifyJ

uRefawmfh&JUarG;&yfajrrSmawmh uRefawmfhrdom;pk&JUpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGaMumifh emrnfausmfMum;ygw,f

uRefawmfhtzdk;u pD;yGm;a&;orm;wpfa,mufyg

uRefawmfhtaza&myJ

'Dawmh uRefawmfum;jydKifyGJcsifwmudkolMum;awmh

olwdkYrSmajymp&mawG&SdoGm;NyD

tvkyfr[kwfvdkufwm

rif;t"dy�g,fr&SdwmawGudkvkyfvdkYr&bl;aemf

igwdkYuukefonfrsdK;&dk;yJ

rvkyf&bl;

'Dt&mawGudkrodao;cifrSmyJ

'gawGut"dy�g,fr&SdwJhtvkyfawGyg

uRefawmfu jiif;aer,fqdk&ifa&m

'gqdk&if rif;igh&JUydkufqHawGudkvdkcsifw,fqdk&ifawmh

ighpum;udkem;axmif&r,f

aumif;ygNyD

taz&JYydkufqHawGudk ntazyJodrf;xm;vdkufawmhyg

uRefawmfhudkpGefYvTwfvdkufawmh

'gayr,fh uRefawmfcsefyD,H&Spfzvm;udk&wJhtcsdefus&if

uRefawmfvnf;emrnfMuD;rSmyJ

taz tJh'gudkaemifw&aevdrfhr,f

jyefvmcJhprf; rif;yJ'Dvkyf&yfudkvHk;0aemifwm&rSmyg

uRefawmfh&JUrdom;pku uRefawmfhudktultnDray;cJhawmh

tm;vHk;udkuRefawmfudk,fwdkifajz&Sif;zdkYqHk;jzwfcJhw,f

uRefawmftoif;wpfoif;eJYpmcsKyfcsKyfzdkYoGm;cJhw,f

ydkufqH&zdkYtwGuf

olwdkYu uRefawmfh&JUtqdkjyKcsufudkvufcHcJhw,f

vlMuD;rif;wdkY

'DeSpfcsefyD,H&SpfrSmtedkif&AdkvfpGJoGm;wJhvludk

aMujim&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf t&rf;udk*kPf,lrdygw,f

*sdrf;[efwf yJjzpfygw,f

aus;Zl;trsm;MuD;wifygw,f

uRefawmfh&JUrdbawGu uRefawmfhudkq&m0efwpfa,mufjzpfapcsifcJhwm

uRefawmfvnf;tJhvdkjzpfzdkYMudK;pm;cJhygw,f

'gayr,fh uRefawmfuawmhcifAsm;wdkYvdkyJjzpfcsifcJhygw,f

aus;Zl;yJ uRefawmf'gav;vdkvdkYyg

uRefawmfemrnfausmfMum;wmudkuRefawmfodygw,f

[kwfygw,fAsdKU

uRefawmfh&JUtaMumif;awGudkvlawGtrsm;MuD;odygw,f

'gayr,fh uRefawmftMudKufqHk;uawmh cifAsm;wdkYeJY uRefawmfeJYtvkyftwlwGJvkyfcJhwJholawGudkygyJ

'Dawmh uRefawmfa&SUudkqufavQmufedkifr,fvdkYxifygw,f

uRefawmfydkNyD;awmhvsifjrifatmifvkyf&awmhrSmyg

cifAsm;wdkYawG&JUtm;ay;rItwGuft&rf;udkaus;Zl;wifygw,f

uRefawmfh&JUtazudkvnf;pum;ajymcsifygw,f

olY&JUtwef;xJrSm'guatmifjrifrIwpfckjzpfaerSmyg

Mu,fyGifhwpfa,mufyJ

-aemufwpfacgufajymygtkef; Munfh&wmuawmh -igrvkyfedkifavmufbl;vkdYxifaewmvm;

trSefyJvm;

-rif;udkum;aumif;aumif;av;&SmzdkYcGifhjyK&awmhrSmyJ -vkyfvdkufav

'gupDpOfxm;wmaumif;aewkef;yJ

-b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ -olwdkY&JUydkifqdkif&mudk&SmazG&rSmyJav

b,fvdkvJ 'guMuD;uwu,fudkpdwfysufp&mMuD;

-'Dawmh igwdkYpyGefqmawGtrsm;MuD;&edkifwmaygh -aumif;ygw,f

aumif;NyD

aemufrSyJajymawmhaemf

ig prf;oyfrIjyKvkyfzdkYvmcJhwmyg

'DrSm pm&if;av;oGif;ay;ygaemf

rp�wmpwefav

-r*FvmeHeufcif; -r*FvmeHeufcif;

c&dwf

igwdkY&JUtawmfqHk;jydKifum;armif;orm;av;eJYrdwfqufay;&tkef;r,f

c&dwfyg

-aeaumif;&JUvm; -aumif;ygw,f

'gu rif;&JUpufjyifq&myJ

ig rif;udktaumif;qHk;vlawGxm;ay;cJhwmyg

rif;um;udkrMunfhawmhbl;vm;

aumif;wmaygh

[vdk

'Dum;vm;

-b,fvdkvJrdkufvm; -jynfhpHkygw,f

-'gupkaygif;xm;wmyJ -ajcmuf&muDvdk*&rf

wu,fygyJ bmvdkU'Davmufpdwf"gwfawGjyif;xefaewmvJ

tif*sifaMumifhaygh jrif;aumifa& wpf&mudk;q,ftm;aemf

aumif;ygNyD

tjrifhqHk;t&Sdefu av;&mhudk;q,fvm;

-av;&mhig;q,fyJ -rvHkavmufbl;

-tem;qHk;u ig;&myJ -igwdkY xyfNyD;awmhjrifh&r,f

-bmusefao;vJ -tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f

-tm;vHk;tqifoifhjzpfaeNyD -t&SdefjrifhwJhud&d,mudktoHk;rjyKao;bl;vm;

tydktav;csdefrvdkygbl;

tif*sifyg0grsm;zdkYyJvdkw,f

tkdau aus;Zl;wifygw,f *Gwfedkufyg

tjrefEIef;b,favmuf&SdvK

wpfem&Dukd wpf&mig;q,foHk;uDvdkrDwm

enf;enf;ydkjrefoGm;atmiftav;csdefenf;enf;avQmhvdkuf

-rjzpfedkifygbl; -wu,fajymaewm

'gqdk&ifprf;Munfhav

-b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ -igvnf;rodbl; rif;prf;Munfhav

aumif;ygNyD

-'gudk atmufrSmtpm;xdk;vdkuf -aumif;NyD

rif;b,fvdkum;rsdK;vkyfxm;vJ

igh&JUowif;tcsuftvufawGudka0rQzdkUyg

trSefyJvm;

ig olwdkYudktrcHxm;w,f

wu,fudktcsdefaumif;tcgaumif;MuD;yg

rif;&l;aevm; tcsdefrvHkavmufawmhbl;

rif;u tysif;MuD;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ

aumif;ygNyD rif;qufNyD;awmhvkyfrSjzpfr,fqdk&ifawmh vkyfvdkufygvdkY igajymvdkufyghr,f

-rif; t&rf;rsm;aeNyD -'gudkaumif;w,fvdkYajymwmyJav

r[kwfbl;vm;

olenf;enf;ydkjrefoGm;vm;

2.3 pu�efUyJ

'Dawmh rif;b,fvdkxifvJ

uRefawmfwdkYvkyfvdkufwmyJav

a[h

-rif;ajymrSmudkigodygw,f 'guigeJYawmhrqdkifygbl; -bmudkvJ

'DaeY rif;wu,fudktpGrf;jyoGm;cJhwmyg

-'gu rif;eJYbmrSrqdkifygbl;aemf -tkdau tultnDvdk&ifawmhajymrSjzpfr,f

ig rif;udkar;aewmr[kwfygbl; olurdef;raumif;wpfa,mufyg 'gayr,fh

tef&pfu olU&JUt&if&nfpm;a[mif;yJ

'Dvdkt&mrsdK;uydkNyD;awmh &k;oGyfwwfw,fav

olwdkYawGeSpfa,muftwlwltMumMuD;aecJhwmaemf

vHk;0udkoifhawmfrQwwJht&mawGeJYyJukefqHk;cJhwmaemf

apmfum;wmawmhr[kwfygbl; 'gayr,fh igtJh'gawGudkawmhrjrifcsifbl;

'gayr,fh rif;eJYbmrSrqdkifygbl;

olU&JUemrnfub,fvdkac:vJ

-um;jydKiform;yJvm; -[efwf *sdrf;[efwf

igwdkYtcsif;csif;owif;tcsuftvufawGa0rQwmyg

'gueSpfOD;eSpfzufpvHk;tusdK;&Sdygw,f

-igwdkYb,fukdoGm;aewmvJ -rif; ighudkr,Hkbl;vm;

c&D;wpfckqufNyD;awmhoGm;aewmyg

qufNyD;awmh

rif;bmjrif&vJ

-um;topfwpfpD;vm; -[kwfw,f tJh'grif;twGufyJ

igwdkYvkyfxm;wmaemf

wu,fhordkif;0ifr,fhtrSwftom;yJ

'Dtcsdefutavmif;tpm;vkyf&r,fhtcsdefvdkYxifw,f

-'gawGu -rif;'gawGudkbmrSrodyJvkyfcJhwmvm;

-'gu aumif;r,fvdkYigxifw,f -bmudkvJ

tck 'guwu,fhudktjrefqHk;um;wpfpif;yJqdkwmaocsmw,f

rif;oabmusr,fvdkYarQmfvifhygw,f

aemufxyfvSrf;&r,fhajcvSrf;uawmh ukefoG,ftrSwftom;yJ

igwdkYrSmvkyfp&mtopfawG&Sdw,f

csefyD,Hqdkwmu oleJYoifhawmfwJhpum;udkajym&w,fav

b,ftcsdefwkef;upvkyfcJhwmvJ

-rif; [ef*sL[ef;twGufjyifqifaewJhwpfavQmufvHk;aygh -toifhjzpfaeNyD

ig tcsdefawGtMumMuD;apmifhaecJh&wmyg

&moDpwJhtcsdefrSmawmh vlwdkif;u,SOfjydKifvdkpdwfawGeJYjynfhaewmyg

uRefawmfwdkYaemufqHk;ay:vufeufawGudk xkwfoHk;MurSmyg

tm;vHk;rSmaumif;rGefwJhvrf;aMumif;awG &Sdw,fqdkwmaocsmygw,f

'gayr,fh prf;oyfrIawGidkjzwfausmfzdkYvdktyfw,fqdkwmudkawmh uRefawmfwdkYodxm;&rSmyg

vrf;aMumif;ay:rSmxdcdkufrIjzpfcJhygw,f

wu,fudkjyif;xef;wJh tufqD;'ifhwpfckjzpfyGm;cJhwmyg

um;armif;orm;&JUyHkpHudkawmhrod&ao;ygbl; 'gayr,fh jzpfysufyHkudkMunfh&wmawmh wu,fhtaMumif;t&mwpfck&Sdaer,fvdkYxifygw,f

cPae&iftaMumif;t&mtao;pdwfudktpD&ifcHyghr,f

-ab;z,fprf; -vm

jydKifyGJusif;ya&;aumfrwDutwnfjyKcsufay;vdkufygNyD

*Ref

*sdK;tD

'DaeY xdcdkufrIrSmaoqHk;oGm;cJhw,f

qufpyfaewJhvlawGqufNyD;awmhvkyfaqmifaeygw,f

jydKifyGJtwGufaus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmhjyifqifay;Muyg

-awmfawmfqdk;wmyJ yGJudkzsufodrf;vdkufNyD -a[h

rif;trSm;vkyfcJhjyefwmvm; t&rf;jrefjrefMuD;rarmif;eJYaemf

-jzpfvmrSmr[kwfbl; -&Sif;&Sif;Munfhyg tcsdeftwdkif;tqudkMunfhav

rif;udkb,folrSqkcsrSmr[kwfbl;

rif;ua&mb,fvdkxifvdkYvJ

tNrJwrf;aemufrSmyJvm;

a0;vGef;ygw,f tpDtpOfr&Sdygbl;

-tqifoifhjzpfatmifvkyfxm;prf;yg

tm;vHk;udkjyefvnfvkyfedkifzdkY a&SUa&mufedkifr,fhtvSnfhudk a&mufvmNyD

vDAmudkeif;xm; nmbufjydKifbufudkMunfh

-NyD;&if vDAm;eif;r,fhtcsdefudkapmifh -tvufZef;'g tqifajy&JUvm;

[kwfw,f oltjyifxGufoGm;w,f

MuHKawGUaeMutwdkif;ygyJ

uRefrtwGufawmh upm;p&mav;awGvdkygyJ

'gayr,fhtwGif;rSmawmh pGrf;tm;awGtrsm;MuD;yg0ifw,f

-tumtuG,ftwGufvkyfxm;wmrygbl; -rvdkygbl;

olU&JUtif*sifpGrf;tm;u ightwGufjrif;170 aumifudka&mufapedkifw,f

-'gu tjrefqHk;jzpfrSmyg -&Sifu *sdrf;r[kwfvm;

[kwfygw,f

-&Sifu olrsm;awGajymMuwmeJYwpfyHkpHwnf;yJ -bmudkvJ

-uRefru qlZef yg -ig eifhudkodygw,f

-b,fvdkajymMuwmvJ -trsm;pkuawmh aumv[vawGudktajccHxm;wmyg

-&SifeJJYa0;a0;aezdkYtcsdKUawGuajymMuw,f -b,folvJ

tvufZef;'gu &Sifuvlqdk;av;wpfa,mufvdkYajymw,f

olbmajym&r,fqdkwmudkrodygbl; 'gayr,fh igtckvlaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfoGm;ygNyD

igwdkY&JUjydKifyGJwJhtoufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIeJYyJoufqdkifw,fav

igwdkYrSmcdkifrmwJh&nfrSef;csuf&Sdw,f

-&Sif 'gawGeJYtvkyf&Iyfaewmvm; -[kwfw,f enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&mawGaygh

trSefuawmh igtNrJwrf;rSefatmifvkyfaecJhwmyJ

'Dawmh igh&JUtawG;awGtNrJwrf;vwfqwfaerS&r,fav

-'Dawmh &Sifh&JYpdwfeJYeSvHk;om;ua&m -t&rf;MuD;reSpfjrKyfxm;ygbl;

olwdkYawGu ighudkvlaumif;wpfa,mufvdkaeapcsifaew,f 'guvnf;aumif;w,fvdkYxifygw,f

-&Sifua&m b,fvdkxifvJ -awmfawmfqdk;wmyJ

'gayr,fh igwkdYMudK;pm;edkifw,fvdkYxifygw,f eifhudkMunfh&wmem;rvnfwJhyHkyJ

'DudkMunfhygtkef;

-*kPf,lygw,f -*kPf,lygw,f

-bmjzpfaevdkYvJ -bmrSr[kwfygbl;pdwfylp&mrvdkygbl;

-&Gef'gtaMumif;yg -bmjzpfvdkYvJ

-ol prf;oyfrIudkvufcHcJhw,f -rif; ighudkaemufaewmvm;

-b,fvdkvkyfNyD;jzpfedkifrSmvJ -rif;ub,fvdkxifvdkYvJ

vltdkMuD;awGu olwdkYtwGuft&rf;tHhMozG,faumif;wJh &moDwpfckudkzefwD;csifaewm

awmfawmfqdk;wmyJ tcsdefvnf;ukefw,f

-rif;rjrif&bl;vm; -bmjzpfvdkYvJ

-'gu zm&D,m; um;yJav -aow�mao;ao;av;yg

bmvdkYrvkyf&rSmvJ

wu,fpdwf0ifpm;p&myJ cifAsm; t&Suf&atmifvkyfcJhwmyJ

tckvdk zm&D;,m;rdom;pk0ifawGudkjyefawGU&wm t&rf;yJ0rf;omrdygw,f

xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifawGvnf;yg0ifygw,f

Mopaw;vsu epfuD&Gef'geJY rdwfqufay;csifygw,f

zm&D;,m rdom;pkuatmifjrifrIawGudkyJqGwfcl;csifygw,f

-'gu wu,fudk&IyfaxG;w,f -cifAsm;em;rvnfygbl; 'gupD;yGm;a&;udp�yJ

-twllwlyJvm; -um;jydKifyGJawGu pD;yGm;a&;xufydkNyD;awmhta&;MuD;ygw,f

'Dt&mawGudkvkyfaqmifcsifwJhpdwf0dOmnfawGudef;atmif;aewm

uRefawmfr[kwfygbl; uRefawmfydkufqHyJ&Smcsifwm

rif;ydkufqHawGtrsm;MuD;&Smedkifwmudkrif;odygw,f

uRefawmfvkyfrSmyg

cifAsm;vkyfedkif&if uRefawmfvnf;vkyfedkifNyD

rif;udk,frif;raumif;wJhaumifwpfa,mufvdkYxifaewmvm;

uRefawmfubmvdkYudk,fhudkudk,fraumif;wJhaumifvdkYxif&rSmvJ uRefawmfu cifAsm;&JUvl,kwfrmaumifxufydkw,fvdkYxifwmyJ

-cifAsm;vnf;raumif;wJhaumifeJYaygif;aewmqdkawmhraumif;wJhaumifygyJ -oGm;aovdkufyghvm;

rif; 'gudkvG,fvG,fav;ajz&Sif;vdkY&ygw,f

vltcsdKUeJYqHkzdkYtwGuf igrif;udkrdwfqufay;r,f

-aumif;NyD igoli,fcsif;wpfa,mufeJYoGm;awGUvdkuftkef;r,f -oGm;yg pdwfraumif;ygbl;

a[h aeaumif;&JUvm;

-eifjyefawmhrSmvm; -[kwfw,f

eif ighudkulnDvdkY&rvm; ig blwm&HkudkoGm;csifvdkYyg

&ygw,f um;ay:wufav

&Sif b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwmvJ

-eif pmuav;toHav;awGudkem;axmif&wmMudKufw,faygh -rMudKufygbl;

-'gqdk&if ydwfvdkufaygh -wu,fajymaewmvm;

-igwdkY oDcsif;em;axmifNyD;armif;ae&iftE�&m,f&Sdedkifw,f -bmjzpfvdkYvJ

r[kwfygbl; *&kpdkufNyD;awmharmif;wmutaumif;qHk;yJav

'grSigwkdYab;uif;uif;eJYa&mufrSmaygh

-&Sifb,fvdkodwmvJ -rSef;Munfhwmyg

-bm -bk&m;ocifuigwkdYajymwmudkrMum;edkifbl;av

-'gayr,fh igwdkY'gudka&Smif&r,fav -'gawGudkb,fvdkajym&r,fqdkwmudkuRefrem;rvnfbl;

-wu,fvm; -uRefr rSmt&rf;wefzdk;MuD;wJhum;awG&Sdw,f

topfyJ&Sdao;w,f

-&Sif ta&;MuD;vm; -rMuD;ygbl;

ig obm0&Icif;awGudkMunfhcsifw,f

-&Sifu *smrefvm; uRefr*smrefpum;ajymedkifw,f[kwfw,frvm; -tif;

-uRefr emrnfurm&D,myg -epfuD yg

&Sif b,fvdkodaewmvJ

b,folvJ

tJh'dtdrfuvlaygh

olu csrf;omwJhvlwpfa,mufaygh

wpfcgwpfavus&if tzdk;MuD;awGu vli,fav;awGxufqGJaqmifrI&Sdw,f

'gayr,fh olwkdYawGuav;vkyfcsifwJhtcgqdk&ifawmh

uRefru tarvkyf&wmaygh

'DwpfcguRefrwm;vdkufr,f uRefr 'DvdkrsdK;vkyfwwfygw,f uRefrwdkYutDwvDrSma&mufaewmvav

-olwdkY vlU,Ofaus;rIw&m;udkrodwJhyHkyJ -[kwfw,f

-aus;Zl;wifygw,f -[vdk oli,fcsif;

cifAsm;u epfuDvm;

[kwfygw,f

-'gu igh&JUoli,fcsif;yJ -ighav;pm;&wJhvludkawGU&NyDuG

wu,fvm;

cifAsm; um;MuHKvdkufpD;csifvm;

-tif; -&wmaygh wufyg

-aus;Zl;wifygw,f -awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f

'Db0rSmtckvdkMuHKawGU&wmt&rf;udk0rf;omygw,f

igh&JU epfuDu 'D&moDrSmcsefyD,H&Spfzvm;&rSmaocsmygw,f

-rif; xifwmyg -ig epfuDudkawGUae&NyD

'DrSmbmawGjzpfaew,fqdkwm uRefrudk&Sif;jyyghtkef;

-&Sifu b,folvJ -eifrodbl;vm;

olu jydKifum;rarmif;orm;av epfuD&Gef'gwJh

zm&D;,m;um;armif;orm;topfaygh

rjzpfedkifbl;

bmaMumifhvJ

olu bmvdkYum;rarmif;&wmvJ

-NyD;awmh azmfjrLvm0rf;rSmum;armif;wJhvlawGut&rf;qGJaqmifrI&Sdwm -aus;Zl;yJ

[kwfygw,f um;u a,musmf;av;eJUyJoifhawmfygw,f

tckoGm;aewmtvsifvdkp&mrSrvdkwm ab;uif;zdkYut"duyg

igwdkY ta&;ay:jzpfaewmvnf;r[kwfbl;

bmaMumifhpGefYpm;rIawGvkyf&rSmvJ

ig jydKifawmifrjydKif&ao;ygbl;

uRefr &Sifhudkjrefjrefarmif;apcsifw,f

-wu,fajymaewmvm; -[kwfw,f

rdkufvdkufwm

1975 Mo*wf ,ledkufwmpwdwf tckpxGufvmwmuawmh zm&D;,m;toif;u eDuDyg

*sdrf;[efwf utaemufrSma&mufaeygw,f

rif; epfuD;udkowdxm;rS&r,f

olwdkYeSpfa,mufuawmh olromudk,fromygyJ odyfruGmygbl;

olwdkYeSpfa,muf jyif;jyif;xefxefudkjydKifqdkifaeMuygw,f

wu,fudkpdwf0ifpm;p&mygyJ

wu,fudktHhMop&maumif;wJhjydKifqdkifrIyg

aemufaevdkufaeygw,f

aemufwpfMudrfxyfausmfjzwfzdkYMudK;pm;jyefygNyD

wu,fudktHhMop&mygyJ

-aumif;NyD -tqifajy&JUvm;

&ygw,f

olwdkY ydkNyD;awmheD;uyfaeygNyD

uefr&m ae&majymif;oGm;ygNyD zm&D;,m;u a&SUa&mufoGm;ygNyD

wu,fudk&ifwkefzdkYaumif;vdkufatmifudk ausmfjzwfzdkYMudK;pm;aeMuwmyg

enf;ynmu tom&atmifvkyfay;oGm;ygNyD

tqHk;owfqk,lr,fh pifjrifhMuD;uawmh epfuD udkapmifharQmfaeygNyD

epfuD csefyD,H&Spfzvm;MuD;udkydkifqdkifoGm;NyDvdkY owif;pmwdkif;rSma&;om;MuawmhrSmyg

tck igjydKifum;rarmif;orm;wpfa,mufjzpfoGm;NyDvm;

rif;twGuf *kPf,lygw,f

-aus;Zl;yJ -rm&D,m

-NyD;oGm;NyD -rif;armif;oGm;wm ighudkawmiftxifMuD;apw,f

-igwdkYtvkyftwlwlvkyfvdkY&edkifavmufygw,f -rvkyfygeJY igwdkYutoif;csif;rwlbl;av

-igwkdYawG eSpfa,muftwlwlb,fawmhrSrjzpfedkifbl; -[kwfygw,f

rdkifudkifvif;toif; tay:rIrwnfygbl; igwdkYjydKifyGJ0if&r,f

-bmjzpfvdkYvJ -igwdkYu csefyD,HawGjzpfaevdkYaygh

igwdkUu *kPfodu�MuD;rm;wJhvlawGyJ

rif;utck wu,fudkemrnfausmfMum;wJhvlwpfa,mufyg vlwdkif;urif;udkcspfMuw,f

rif; owif;axmufwpfa,mufrjzpfygapeJYvkYd igqkawmif;aewm

rif;ua&mb,fvdkxifvJ

'DrSm&SdwJhvlawGtukefvHk; igwdkYudkMunfhaeMuw,f

olwdkY igwdkYeSpfa,mufudkEdIif;,SOfaevdrfhr,f

[kwfygw,f arw�myJxm;vdkufyg

-olwdkYxJu wpfa,mufrSr[kwfygbl; -[kwfygw,f iguwu,fudkpdwf"gwfjyif;xefwJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfaevdkYaygh

-igu pnf;urf;awGudkvnf;vdkufemw,fav -[kwfygw,f oHo,jzpfp&mr&Sdygbl;

jydKifyGJNyD;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSm

tjcm;vlawGu ab;rSm&SdaerSmr[kwfbl;

vl,kwfrmvm;

rif; tJh'dvdkrsdK;aumifawGudk&Sif;ypfoifhw,f

rif; tdrfaxmifusoGm;NyDvkdYigMum;ygw,f

[kwfw,fav

rif;&JU rdef;rub,folvJ

tck e,l;a&mufrSmtvkyfvkyfaew,f

ig olUudkwpfcgrSrjrifzl;bl;

rif;tvkyfawGt&rf;&IyfaevdkYjzpfrSmyg

rif;u t&rf;tvkyf&IyfwJhaumifwpfaumifav

ighudk t&uf0,fwkdufygtkef;

aus;Zl;wifygw,f igvnf;oabmusw,f

tdkau tm;vHk;yJtoifhvkyfawmh

igwdkYtwlwlatmifyGJawGjyef&atmifvkyfMur,f

bmjzpfaeMuwmvJ

vlawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfukef&wmvJ

'DaeYu bmaeYvJqdkwmudkrif;od&JUvm;

-odygw,f edk0ifbmq,fhav;&ufaeYav -rif;

rif; 'DaeY&JUt"dy�g,fudkodvm;

uRefwmfrodbl; aeYxl;aeYjrwfwpf&uf&ufyJvm;

wu,fu igwdkYukr�PDjyKwfwJhaeYyJ

trSefyJvm;

rif;&HI;edrfhrIu tm;vHk;udk'ku�a&mufapw,f

uRefawmf pyGefqmay;r,fhvludkquf&Sm&r,fav

rif;ajymovdkygyJ bmrSawmhr[kwfygbl; [kwfw,frvm;

trSeftwdkif;ajym&r,fqdk&if

igwdkYawGa&SUqufzdkYtwGuf

ighrSm ,HkMunfcsufodyfr&Sdawmhbl;

igwdkY&JUpD;yGm;a&;uusqif;aeNyD

a&SUqufzdkYtwGufjzpfedkifacsr&Sdawmhbl;

bmajymvdkufwmvJ

igwdkY&JUtqHk;owfudkajymaewm

bPfu 'Dtdrfudkvmodrf;awmhr,f

igwdkY 'Dae&mudka&mif;rSjzpfawmhr,f

bk&m;a&

ig tvkyfqufvkyfzdkYtwGufum;vdktyfw,f rif;&JUtultnDudkvdktyfw,f

tjcm;iga&mr&Sdawmhbl;vm;

-rif; rvkyfcsifygbl; -wu,fu igvkyfzdkYpOf;pm;aewm

aumif;NyD

-rif; xdef;csKyfvdkYr&awmhbl;vdkYolwdkYxifaew,f -bmt"dy�g,fvJ

ighrSmvkyfp&mav;&Sdao;vdkY NyD;rSmyJrif;udkzkef;jyefqufvdkufr,f

-[vdk -aoprf;

pdwfrylygeJY tqifajyoGm;rSmyg

'gu tvkyfjzpfawmhrSmr[kwfbl;

bmvdkYtm;vyf&ufav;tjyifawGbmawGroGm;wmvJ

ig e,l;a,mufudkrjyefcifvm;

ighudkajymprf;yg ighukdpdwfnpfatmifrvkyfprf;ygeJY

rif;odygw,f ig'Davmuft&ufawGtrsm;MuD;aomufwdkif;

ighrSm um;armif;zdkYawmifr&Sdawmhbl;

ig jyefrpwifedkifawmhbl;

eif bmjzpfcsifaewmvJ

-taumif;qHk;awGjzpfvmzdkYrapmifharQmf&awmhbl;vm; -'DvdktawG;rsdK;udkoabmrusbl;

-eifhudkajymyg&ap -ig em;raxmifcsifbl;

jydKifum;armif;orm;awG&JUb0udkrpmemwwfbl;

ig tJh'dum;armif;wJhtvkyfudkb,fwkef;urS xnfhrwGufcJhbl;

ig a,musfm;wpfa,mufudkyJvufxyfcsifcJhwm

-tenf;qHk;awmh um;jydKifyGJawGudkryg0ifwJhvlwpfa,mufaygh -*sdrf;

e,l;a,mufudkjyefygawmh

'Dvdk[mrsdK;utqifajyr,fhyHkr&Sdbl;

-[vdk -*sdrf; igyDwmyg

-qdkeD ru�vm&if toif;uaeekwfxGufoGm;wmudkrMum;ao;bl;vm; -[ifhtif;

ig tJh'dtaMumif;awGudkMum;NyD;NyD trSefyJ

igoGm;vdkuftkef;r,f

ig oGm;aeNyD

igwdkYwnfhyJajymr,f

igwdkY&JU um;armif;orm;wpfa,mufuxGufoGm;NyD

raeYnuyJ aemufwpfoif;eJYvufrSwfxdk;vdkufNyD

-igwdkUudkop�azmufoGm;wm -igwdkY vlawGvdkaew,f

[kwfw,f t&nftcsif;&SdwJhvlwpfa,mufaygh

uHaumif;pGmeJYyJ rif;uvkyfr,fhyHkygyJ

-b,fvdkvJ -uRefawmfvkyfcsifygw,f

-'gayr,fh 'DwpfMudrfuawmhrwlnDbl;aemf -jyif;xefwJhjydKifbufawG

[kwfygw,f 'gayr,fholwpfa,mufwnf;yJatmifjrifrIawGudk&,ledkifwmvm;

-cifAsm;wdkYa&matmifjrifrIawGrodrf;ydkufcsifbl;vm; -r[kwfbl;vm;

cifAsm;bmvdkcsifwmvJ jydKifum;armif;orm;wpfa,mufavmuf avMuD;wJholvm;

-igwdkYatmifjrifrSjzpfr,f -uRefawmfa&myJ

-epfuDudk tekdif,ljyyg&ap\ -igodygw,f

tm;vHk;yJ

-igwdkYvkyfedkifr,fvdkYrif;wu,fyJ,HkMunfvm; -,HkMunfw,f uRefawmfwdkYwpfpD;wnf;yJ zm&D;,m;xufydkNyD;awmhjrefedkifw,f

'gaMumifh uRefawmf 'DudkvmNyD;awmhawmif;qdkae&wmaygh

NyD;awmh 'guuRefawmfh&JUwpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifhcsufjzpfaevdkYaygh

uRefawmfolUudktedkif,ledkifygw,f uRefawmfhudk,HkMunfyg

uRefawmfhudk tcGifhta&;yJay;yg

[kwfw,f olvkyfedkifw,f

[kwfygw,f oluwu,fudkt&nftcsif;&SdwJh jydKifum;armif;orm;wpfa,mufyg

olYrSmtawGUtMuHKawGvnf;trsm;MuD;&Sdw,f

trSefygyJ

'guwpfckwnf;aomtcGifhta&;ygyJ

ig pNyD;awmhtpDtpOfawGqGJawmhr,f

*sdrf;u igwdkY&JUwpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifhcsufyJ

r[kwf&if rif;vnf;tedkif&rSmr[kwfbl;

cifAsm; *sdrf;udk,HkMunfzdkYvdkw,f

1976 b&mZD; *&efy&pfjydKifyGJ

1976 *Ref

1976 b&mZD; *&efy&pfjydKifyGJuaeMudKqdkvdkufygw,f

t&ifqHk;wu,fudkvIyfcwfaewJhowif;uawmh *sdrf;[wfu toif;opfeJYjydKifyGJ0ifrSmyg

ol csefyD,HqktwGuf epfuDeJYjydKifqdkif&rSmyg

b,fvdktqifajy&JUvm;

aumif;ygw,f t&rf;udktqifajyygw,f

-'Dae&mu t&rf;qlw,faemf -[kwfw,f

'Dawmh igwdkYcsefyD,HqktwGufjydKifqdkif&rSmaygh

[efwf twGifzm&D;,m;udktedkif,lzdkYwu,fudkyJcufcJrSmyg

ol t&ifuxufydkNyD;awmh onf;cHvmedkifw,f El;nHhvmygw,f

[efwf eJYolU&JUru�vm&iftoif;i uRefawmfwdkYudkvGwfvyfpGmyJMunfh&IcGifhay;rSmyg

b&mZD;*&rfy&pf *sdrf;um;tif*sifysufpD;oGm;w,f

*vif'g y&ufpwefa&uef awmiftz&du 76

[efeJY epfuD eJYb&mZD;uaemufqHk;wdkufyGJudk apmifhMunfh&rSmyg

'gayr,fh zm&D;,m;toif;tedkif&oGm;cJhygw,f

*srf;[efwf u'kwd,yJ&ygw,f

awmiftz&du *&rfy&D;jydKifyGJ 'gu 'D&moD&JUyxrqHk;aomjydKifyGJygyJ

rif; 'D&JUatmifjrifrIawGudkjrifedkifygw,f

aemufwpfMudrfuightvSnfhyJ

pydefa&mufrSawGUMur,f

pydef *&rfy&D;

pydefum;jydKifyGj [efwfyxr &Gef'g'kwd,

[efwfwmvkyfedkifoGm;ygNyD 'D&moD&JUyxrqHk;atmifyGJygyJ

t&rf;rdkufwmyJ

'gu tcsdefut"duygyJ

-pHcsdefpHnTef;eJYrnDbl; -jzwfvdkYr&bl;

-bm -'g w&m;r0ifbl;

-rjzpfedkifbl; -txl;ppfaq;NyD;oGm;NyD

rjzpfekdifbl;

'g pnf;urf;csdK;azmufcJhwmr[kwfbl;

rif; bm&xm;w,fqdkwmudkig*&krpdkufbl;

vdktyfcsufawGeJYtwl w&m;&HkrSm;avQmufvJzdkY wpfa,mufa,mufudkajymvdkuf

-nSdp&mrvdkbl; -tav;csdefenf;enf;xyfxnfh&r,f

-'Dvdktif*sifrsdK;eJY -aoprf;

'gudkMunfhMuygtkef;

rdkemudk

pydef yGJNyD;qHk;oGm;NyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkY [efwfudkjyefvnfapmifhMunfh&rSmyg

[efwfu t&ifuvkyfjycJhzl;ygw,f

ru�vm&ifum; xdef;csKyfvdkYr&awmhygbl;

-[efwf jydKifyGJuaexGufvdkuf&ygw,f -b,fvdkjzpf&wmvJ

wu,ftHhMop&myJ 'gayr,fhtufqD'ifhjzpfcJhwmaerSmyg

bef*sD,H um;jydKifyGJ 1976 ar

bmaMumifh um;uryGifh&wmvJ

-*sdrf; igwdkYjy�em&SdaeNyD -'Dum;u wu,fudktvkyfrjzpfbl;

-igwdkY 'gudkajz&Sif;&r,f -t&ifqHk; jzKwfcsvdkufyg

igwdkY tedkif&rSmyg

-'gayr,fh 'gurif;twGufowif;aumif;yJrvm; -tm;vHk;twGufowif;aumif;ygyJ

igwdkYtm;vHk;udk vsifjrefrIaemufudkvdkufaewmyJ

*sdrf; rif;&JUum;utqHk;owfrSmodyfraumif;ao;bl; b,fvdkjzpf&wmvJ

'DtjzpfysufawG&JUaemufrSm aumufuspfrIwpfckck&Sdaeygw,f

'Dawmh [efwfjydKifyGJ0ifwmawGcP&yfem;xm;rSmaygh

zm&D;,m;u xdyfqHk;rSma&mufaeygw,f

*sdrf;[efwf eJYolU&JYtoif;uawmh'kwd,rSmyg

b,fvdkjzpf&wmvJ

-tqifajy&JUvm; -ajyygw,f

'DMopaw;vsaumifu igh&JUum;udkzsufqD;cJhwmyg

-rif;ajymwmaocsm&JUvm; -pydefrSmajymcJhwJhtwdkif;ygyK

-[kwfw,f yHkrSeftwdkif;r[kwfbl; -igwdkY'DtaMumif;awGtm;vHk;udkodwmudkrif;odygw,f

'gayr,fh rif;u'gawGudkta&;ygatmifvkyfcJhwmav

-[kwfygw,f igu -ig trSefw&m;udkajymcJhwmyg

'gu tvdrftnmyJav

rif; um;udkMurf;Murf;wrf;wrf;armif;NyD;awmh ighudkvlvdrfwpfa,mufvdkYajymaewmvm; rif;uawmh[moyJ

-pnf;rsOf;upnf;rsOf;yJav -[kwfygw,f

aus;Zl;wifygw,f aus;Zl;J

'gu ighudka'goxGufatmifvkyfedkifr,fvdkY wu,fyJxifaewmvm;

ighudkvl,kwfrmvkdYajym&atmif ighuvl,kwfrmjzpfaevdkYvm;

ig pdwfrqdk;ygbl;

b,folrSolwdkYudkrowfcsifbl;av 'gayr,fholwkdYawGut&rf;awmfwmuG

olwdkYrSmtouf&SifoefzdkYtwGufxl;cRefwJht&nftcsif;awG&Sdw,f

-aumif;ygw,f -ekwfqufcJhygw,f

olUudk*&kpdkufaep&mrvdkygbl;

wpfa,mufa,muf qlZefudkjrifrdao;vm;

'DaeY olvmrMunfhbl;av

-ig rif;udkrajymcsifygbl; -bmudkvJ

qlZef eJYbmwefeJYtwlwltjyifxGufwmudk rsufjrifoufaoeJYjrifcJhwJhvlawG&Sdygw,f

bk&m;a&

qlZefu bmwefeJYt&rf;&if;eSD;wJhqufqHa&;awG&SdaewJhyHkyJ

-olyJvm; -[kwfw,f

b,ftcsdefwkef;upwGJaecJhwmvJ

ig pudwfoGm;pD;cJhwJhwpfywfu

eif bmvkdY'Dudka&mufvmcJhwmvJ

eifhudkjyefvmac:wmav

eif ighudkjyefrac:csifbl;vm;

-eifu pNyD;awmhtdrfaxmifjyKcsifcJhwmyg -igpOf;pm;aewmu

vkyfyg *sdrf;

eifhudkajymif;vJay;zdkYtwGuf ighudkvdktyfaewmvm;

-eifhudk,feifhyJemrnfMuD;atmifvkyfcJhwm -r[kwfygbl; igrvkyfcJhygbl;

'gqdk bmvdkYighudkolpdrf;wpfa,mufvdkqefYusifae&wmvJ

-tm;vHk;yJ -[kwfygw,f iguwu,fraumif;wJhaumifyg

r[kwfygbl; eifuraumif;wJhaumifr[kwfygbl;

eifu vlwpfa,mufygyJ

bk&m;ocifu w&m;rQwygw,f

bmwefu eifhudkydkNyD;awmh*&kpdkufcJhvdkYvm;

bmwefb,favmufaumif;w,fqdkwmudk eifrodygbl;

igh&JUcHpm;csufuta&;MuD;ygw,f

ig eifhudkoHa,mZOf&Sdw,fvdkYxifcJhwm

aumif;ygNyD bmrSrajymcsifawmhygbl;

igh rdef;ru uw,fudkawmfygw,f

tcspfu olUudkaysmf&Tifapekdifw,fvdkY igajymwmyg

rp�wmbmwef uolUudkaysmf&TifrIawG jyefa&mufatmif,laqmifay;edkifygw,f

'Dawmh Ekwfcrf;MuD;qlNyD;pdwfqdk;aep&mrvdkawmhygbl;

'Dawmh cifAsm;wdkYawGaemufrdef;rwpfa,mufudk rawGU&rcsif; uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf;yJjzpfaetkef;rSmyg

b,fol ru�vm&ifum;*dka'gifrSmvmNyD;awmhaeedkifvJ

ig oGm;awmhr,f

qlZefeJY bmwefeJYvufxyfoGm;cJhw,f

&pfcsef *&rfy&D

*srf;[ef aemufuaeausmfwufzdkYMudK;pm;aeygw,f

ru�vm&iftoif;u tjrefqHk;t&Sdefudkxdef;csKyfxm;edkifygw,f

jyifopf*&rfy&DrSm [efwftedkif&oGm;ygw,f

zm&D;,m;toif;udkaMumufp&mrvdkygbl;

jAdwdef *&rfy&D;

b&rf'f[ef jydKifuGif;

[efwfu OD;aqmifaeygw,f

*sdrf;[efwftwGufwnfwnfjidrfjidrfygyJ OD;aqmifaeygw,f

[efwf vrf;aMumif;a&G;vdkufygw,f

[efwf tedkif&oGm;ygNyD

jAdefwdef*&efy&D [efwfatmifyGJ&cJhygNyD jyefvnfNyDawmhatmifyGJcHedkifwmyJjzpfygw,f

'gu aumif;rGefwJhtpc&D;wpfckygyJ

*sdrf; b,fvdkrsm;cHpm;&ygovJ

bmrSr[kwfygbl;

bmajymw,f

*sdrf;[efwf &JU&v'fudkjyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD;aemuf

wu,fudkxda&mufwJh&v'fyJjzpfygw,f

tjiif;yGm;p&mr&SdwJhatmifyGJygyJ

*sdrf; 'Dwpfacguf&&SdwJhatmifjrifrIudkvnf;b,fvdktoHk;jyKrSmvJ

trSefu 'DatmifyGJawGaemufrSmvQdKU0SufcsuftcsdKU&Sdaeygw,f

oHk;oyfwJhaumfrwDuw&m;rQwygw,f

ighum;rSbmjy�emrSr&Sdawmhbl;

-tckvdktajctaersdK;u cifAsm;udkpdk;&drfylyefpdwfawGjzpfay:apvm; -rjzpfapygbl;

b,fvdkatmifyGJrsdK;udkqdkvdkcsifwmvJ

ysHoef;edkif;pGrf;r&Sd&ifawmh

zm&D;,m;utedkif&rSmygyJ

ig eifhudk&Gwfjyr,f iga&;xm;wmr[kwfygbl;

igwu,fudkpdwfvnf;rygygbl;

ig eifh&JUarG;aeUudkarhawmhrvdkYyJ

'gayr,fh eifwu,fudkqE�&Sdw,fqdk&if

ig eifh&JUoabmudkyJvdkufrSmyg

bk&m;a& rdkufw,fyJ

orD; olUudka,musfm;wpfa,muftjzpfvufcHzdkY qE�&Sdygovm;

qif;&J yJqif;&JU csrf;omyJcsrf;om usef;rmwmyJjzpfjzpf rusef;rmwmyJjzpfjzpf

b,fawmhrSrpGefYvTwfygbl;

pydef

bmjzpfaevdkYvJ

aysmf&GifrIqdkwm &efolyJ

eifhudk tif;tm;rJhapw,f

oHo,awG&Sdapw,f

&kwfw&uf eifwpfckckudkqHk;&HI;&vdrfhr,f

&Sif aysmf&GifrIudk&efolwpfa,mufvdkowfrSwfaew,fqkd&ifawmh

t&rf;udkaemufusoGm;NyD

qHk;&HI;NyD;oGm;aeNyD

*&rfy&D; uaeMudKqkdygw,f

'guawmh taumif;qHk;jydKifyGJyJjzpfygw,f

*smref jydKifum;uGif; 'Dae&mu jydJKif&cufwJhuGif;yg

-epfuD vufrSwfav;xdk;ay;ygtkef; -&ygw,f

-aus;Zl;jyKNyD; &ufpGJav;yga&;ay;yghvm; -bmjzpfvkdYvJ

b,favmuftxdtouf&Sifr,fqdkwm rif;rodekdifbl;av

1976 Mo*wfwpf&ufaeY *smref *&rfy&D;uaeMudKqdkvdkufygw,f

&moDwdkif;rSm tE�&m,ftrsm;qHk;vrf;aMumif;ygyJ

azmfjrLvm0rf;rSmawmh aorif;wrefawmifMum;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f

u,fq,fa&;XmeawGudkae&mwdkif;toifhjyifqifxm;ygw,f

vlMuD;rif;wdkY

vlMuD;rif;wdkY

aus;Zl;jyKNyD;pum;rajymygeJY aus;Zl;wifygw,f

-epfuD &Gef'g -aus;Zl;wifygw,f

uRefawmf'Dtpnf;ta0;udkusif;yvdkufwmyg 'DaeYjydKifr,fhjydKifuGif;vrf;aMumif;u

ur�mrSmtE�&m,ftrsm;qHk;qdkwm uRefawmfwdkYodMuygw,f

uRefawmfwdkYaocsifw,fqdk&ifawmif pnf;rsOf;awGudkvdkufem&rSmyJ

pGefYpm;rIawGrvkyfygeJY

'DaeYrSmrdk;&GmaewJhtwGuf tajctaeuydkNyD;awmhqdk;0g;ygw,f

'Dawmh 'DaeYyGJudkzsufodrf;zdkY

tm;vHk;udkajymjywmyg

wu,fvdkYrzsufodrf;bl;qdk&ifawmh 'DjydKifyGJuysufpD;rIawGudkyJjzpfaprSmyg

'guawmh t"dy�g,fr&Sdbl;

-jydKifyGJudkzsufodrf;&r,f -[kwfygw,f

rif; ydkufqHvnf;ydkr&ovdk olwdkY&JYtoufawGudkvnf;u,fwifyg

'gu rif;zvm;&edkifwJhqdkwJht"dy�g,fvnf;aygufaewmyJav

-'gu rif;twGufawmhtqifajyr,fhyHkpHyJ -bmjzpfvdkYvJ

ighrSmvnf;&nf&G,fcsuf&Sdygw,f

[kwfw,f 'gayr,fhigwdkYudkjydKifcGifhay;vdkuf&if tm;vHk;rif;udk vdkufrSDawmhrSmav

*sdrf;ajymwmrSefw,f 'guenf;AsL[myJ

olaMumufaewmjzpfedkifw,f

b,folajymwmvJ

[kwfygw,f igaMumufaeygw,fNyD;awmh rif;wdkYvnf;aMumufaewmyJav

igwdkYum;armif;wdkif;eSpfq,f&mcdkifEIef;udkaozdkY&Sdw,f 'gayr,fh igvufcHygw,f

'DaeYurdk;&Gmaew,f trsm;MuD;pGefYpm;&rSm

'guawmhrif;rdk;&GmxJrSmb,fvdkarmif;r,fqkdwJh enf;AsL[meJYyJoufqdkifw,fav

ighuordkif;rSmyxrqHk; rSwfwrf;a&;xdk;xm;wmav

bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh igurif;wdkYtm;vHk;xufjrefw,fav

'Dawmh trSefu'DaeYjydKifyGJuigtwGuftjrwf&rSmygyJ

t"dy�g,fr&Sdvdkufwm

tdkau 'gqdk&iftwlwljydKifvdkufaygh

-twlwlyJav -vlMuD;rif;wdkY wdwfwdwfav;aeay;yg

aumif;NyD

jydKifyGJudkzsufodrf;csifwJholawGvufajrSmuf

jydKifyGJudkqufNyD;awmh jydKifcsifwJholawGvufaxmif

vlMuD;rif;wdkY jydKifyGJudkqufvufusif;yr,f

aumif;NyD taMumufw&m;qdkwmbmrSef;igrodbl;

epfuD rif;udkaxmufyHhr,fhvlawGtNrJwrf;&Sdygw,f

1976 Mo*wf*smrefjydKifyGJ

ajy;vrf;ay:rSmawmh pdkaewkef;ygyJ

jydKifyGJusif;yolutm;vHk;udkqHk;jzwfoGm;rSmyg

jydKifyGJudk tcsdefZ,m;twdkif;usif;yoGm;rSmyg

jydKifum;armif;orm;awGaus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh jyifqifxm;ay;yg

tcGifhta&;qdkwmr&Sdawmhbl;vm;

-epfuDu 'gudkajymif;vJ&rSmyg -r[kwfygbl;

'gqdk&if igwdkYtm;vHk;twlwlyJaygh

vrf;aMumif;ay:uaexGufay;Muyg

jydKifyGJupwifawmhrSmyg

-epfuD b,fvdkvJ -igtqifajyygw,f

aumif;NyD pvdkuf&atmif

epfuD&Gef'gtygt0if *sdrf[efwfwdkY 'DeSpf&moDrSmawmh

tMudwfte,f eSpfa,mufwnf;jydKifwJh

azmfjrLvm0rf;&moDjzpfvmcJhygNyD

olwdkY a&pdkaewJhajy;vrf;rSmjydKifqdkifawmhrSmyg

ajy;vrf;ut&SnfMuD;yg ajy;vrf;uajcmufawmhrSmyg

wm,mawG prf;oyfcH&rSmyg

epfuDeJY [efwfeJYab;csif;&ifvQufarmif;aeMuygw,f

r,Hkedkifp&mygyJ

olwdkYawGtjidK;wMuD;udkjydKifqdkifaeMuygw,f

&Gef'gu tauGUrSmOD;aqmifoGm;ygw,f

[efwm enf;enf;avmufaemufusaeygw,f

[efwf&JU ajcmufaoGUwJhwm,murSefuefwJha&G;cs,frIygyJ

ol &Gef'gudkausmfoGm;ygNyD *sdrf;OD;aqmifaeygNyD

yxrwpfywfNyD;wJhtcsdefrSmtm;vHk;yJ wm,mawGudkajymif;vJzdkYqHk;jzwfcsufcs&rSmyg

jrefjrefvkyf

awGUvm; rif;tqkdoGif;wmudkem;axmifcJhoifhw,f

epfuD b,frSmvJ

rif;&JUaemufrSm olvkyfedkifvm; wlnDwJhtrSm;ygyJ

jrefjrefvkyfyg

vkyfyg b,fvdkvJ

-jydKifum;armif;orm;awGwm,mawGudkvJaeMuygw,f -armif;vdkY&NyD

aumif;NyD pawmh

epfuD

-olxGufoGm;NyD -jrefjrefvkyfyg

enf;enf;avmufjrefjrefvkyfprf;yg jrefjrefvkyf

bmvkyfwmvJ acG;rom;

wu,fudkpdwfvIyf&Sm;p&maumif;wJhupm;yGJygyJ

*sdrf; taemufrSmydkNyD;awmhjywfusefcJhygw,f

&Gef'g a&SUuaequfvufOD;aqmifaeygw,f

epfuD

-epfuD -olUudkvmNyD;awmh xkwfay;ygtkef;

-jrefjrefvkyfyg -olUudkjrefjrefulnDyg

jzpfcJvSwJhrawmfwqrIygyJ zm&D;,m; toif;rD;avmifaygufuGJoGm;ygw,f

jzpfcJhwJhwdkufcdkufrIaMumifh rD;avmifaygufuGJoGm;wmyg

-olUudkjrefjrefqGJxkwfMuprf;yg -jrefjrefvkyfyg

vkyfxm;

rD;avmifaeNyD

rD;udkt&ifjrefjrefjidrf;

vludk qGJxkwfyg

vkyfxm; qGJxkwf

jrefjrefvkyf

tckvuf&Sdawmh jydKifyGJudkcP&yfem;xm;ygw,f

epfuD&Gef'g tufqD;'ifhjzpfcJhygw,f

NyD;awmh tem;rSm&SdaewJhaq;&Hkudkcsufcsif;yJac:qmifoGm;ygw,f

ol tE�&m,f&SdavmufatmifrsufeSmudk ravmifuRrf;cJhygbl;

tqkwfudkyJavmifuRrf;oGm;cJhwmyg

ta&;ay:cef;xJrSm q&m0efajcmufa,muf empfhroHk;q,fav;a,mufeJYjyefaumif;vmatmifukoay;aeygw,f

'gayr,fh olU&JUtajctaeuawmh arQmfvifhwmxufydkqdk;aeygw,f

bkef;awmfMuD;jrwfawmfrIaomtzbk&m;ocif

tz&JUom;awmfawGudkapmifha&SmufawmfrIyg

olUudkjidrf;csrf;rIay;awmfrIyg

olY&JUusef;rma&;udkjyefaumif;vmatmifaz;rawmfrIyg

&Gef'gtajctaeut&rf;qdk;aeygw,f

'DaeYacmwfazmfjrLvm0rf;jydKifyGJrSmawmg &Gef'gepfuDutMuD;rm;qHk;aomxdcdkufrIygyJ

olY&JUtoif;uawmhupm;orm;tpm;xdk;zdkY rvkyfygbl;

aemufqHk;awmholatmifjrifrSmyg

ol jcHpnf;&dk;udkwnfhwdkufrdoGm;cJhwmyg

um;rD;avmifNyD;awmh tcdkuftwefYtwGif;rSmyJ olUudkaq;&Hk;wef;ac:oGm;cJhwmyg

uRefawmfwdkYowif;aMujimzdkYtwGuf wm;jrpfcsufawGr&Sdygbl;

epfuDuawmh a0zefrIawGudkawGUMuHK&rSmyg

[vdk [vdk olowd&vmNyD orD;pum;ajymvdkY&NyD

olbkef;awmfMuD;udkxGufoGm;zdkYajymcJhw,f ol touf&SifygNyD

orD;oGm;awGUvkdY&NyD

jydKifyGJuawmhpwifusif;yaeygNyD

upm;orm;awGuawmhtedkif&zdkYtwGuf ae&m,laeMuygNyD

olwdkYtckyxttauGUudkauGUawmhrSmyg

&&JUvm;

*sdrf; epfuDukdausmfjzwfoGm;edkifygNyD

1976 Mo*wfeSpfq,fhudk; aq;&Hkwufae&aom yxrqHk;eSpfq,fh&Spf&uf

igwdkYtqkwfudkoefY&Sif;xm;zdkYvdkw,f

yxrqHk;tMudrfrif;udkxdef;xm;&rSmawmhrvG,fbl;

tckupm;orm;awGab;csif;uyfvQufoGm;aeygNyD

*sdrf; csefyD,H&Spfzvm;MuD;udk&&SdoGm;ygNyD

vkyf 'Dae&mudkt&ifqHk;vkyfyg

aemufwpfacgufvkyfygtkef;

a& uzdtm;ay;apedkifw,f

csdefyD,H *sdrf;&JUtawGUtMuHKav;ajymygtkef;

ae&wmtqifajy&JUvm;

aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmhqufrvkyfygeJYawmh

eifbmawGawG;aer,fqdkwmudkigodygw,f

eif ighudkcspfw,fqdk&ifqufNyD;awmhrawm;ygeJYawmh

1976 pufwifbmv tDwvD *&rfy&D;

[kwfygw,f t&rf;udkaumif;ygw,f

-bmjzpfwmvJ -epfuD

-bmjzpfwmvJvdkY -epfuD 'Dudka&mufaew,f

-bm -oljydKifyGJ0ifcsifaew,f

vrf;z,fay;vdkufyg

epfuD

ajymyg

aq;&HkrSmaozdkYapmifhae&wmysif;zdkYaumif;w,f

jznf;jznf;csif;oufomoGm;r,fvdkYawmh olwdkYuawmhajymwmyJ

'gayr,fh rapmifhedkifbl;

rif; jrif&wJhtwdkif;yJ igh&JUrsuffeSmuawmh 'DyHkpHMuD;eJYwpfoufvHk;aeoGm;&awmhr,f

rif;udkigawmif;yefwJhpma&;NyD;awmh ydkYay;csifcJhwm

'gayr,fh rif;tcef;ajymif;oGm;NyDvdkYigMum;vdkufvdkYyg

[kwfygw,f

-rif;tqifajyr,fvdkYarQmfvifhygw,f -[kwfwmaygh

-jzpfysufcJhwmawGtwGuf ighrSmwm0ef&Sdygw,f -[kwfygw,f

xifwmyJ

rif;jydKifyGJ0ifaewmudkMunfhaecJhNyD;awmh ighb0twGuf igwdkufyGJ0ifcJhw,f

rif;rSm ighudkjydKifyGJxJjyefac:zdkYvnf;wm0ef&Sdw,f

epfuD&Gef'g

-b,fvdkcHpm;ae&vJ -aumif;ygw,f

jyefoufomvmNyD;qdkwJh cifAsm;twnfjyKay;edkifvm;

rsufeSmjyifydkif;qdkif&mjyefaumif;vmzdkYtwGuf igapmifhaecJh&wmyg

Munfh&wmawmhraumif;bl; 'gayr,fh 'guvnf;rarQmfvifhxm;wJhvufaqmifyJav

'gaMumifhawmhacR;awmhrxGufawmhbl; wu,fudkrdkufygw,f

oltufqD;'ifhjzpfcJhwmawmif csufcsif;yJtoif;upDpOfcJhygw,f

[kwfygw,f

igu aq;&HkroGm;csifcJhbl;av

-rif;aumif;wJhvdkYrajymcifaygh -[kwfygw,f

olwkdY&JUtqifhawGb,favmufa&mufaeNyDqdkwmudk MunfhzdkYyg

-*sdrf;udka&mb,fvdkxifvJ -tif;

rif;&JUar;cGef;yJav 'grSr[kwf rif; ighudktusyfawGUatmifvkyfaewmvm;

-cifAsm;tedkif&r,fvdkYxifygovm; -,HkMunfwmaygh

'DrSmum;aumif;aumif;vnf;&Sdw,f '&dkifbmaumif;aumif;vnf;&Sdw,f

NyD;awmh wpfoif;vHk;uvlawGuvnf;tukefawmfMuw,f

igwdkY t&rf;udkayQmf&Tifaeygw,f

cifAsm;&JUZeD;u cifAsm;rsufeSmudkawGUwJhtcsdefrSmbmajymcJhvJ

oluawmhbmrSrjzpfbl;vdkYajymwmyJ NyD;awmh rsufeSmeJYem;&GufudkawmhrMunfhbl; xrif;vnf;rpm;bl;

uRefawmftwnfar;aewmyg

'DvdkrsufeSmtaetxm;MuD;eJYcifAsm;&JU tdrfaxmifa&;a&SUqufedkifr,fvdkYxifaewmvm;

ig vnf;&ifxJuudkajymaewm

acG;rom; owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJNyD;NyD

-igodygw,f -igxifom;yJ

olwdkYurMudKufwJhyHkyJaemf

-'DrSm -rif;vnf;odygw,f

rif; tqifajy&JUvm;

ig rif;udkjyp&mav;&Sdw,f

igodygw,f

acG;rom;

rvkyfygeJY awmif;yefygw,f

tdrfjyefNyD;awmh rif;acsmarmvSyao;vm;vdkY rif;&JUrdef;rudkoGm;ar;

acG;aumif

epfuD;uawmh aoapavmufwJhtufqD'ifhjzpfNyD; av;q,fheSpf&uftMumrSmyJ

jydKifyGJ0if;xJudkjyef0ifa&mufvmcJhygNyD

epfuD

epfuD &Gef'g

epfuD tcsdefusNyD

tdkau

tqifoifhvkyfxm;ay;Muyg

jydKifyGJpwifawmhygr,f

upm;orm;awGtm;vHk;ae&m,lNyD;aeygNyD

jydKifyGJppcsif;tajctaeuawmh epfuDtwGufraumif;ygbl;

ol rD;ydGKifhrSmydwfrdaecJhygw,f

olUtwGufawmh'Dtaetxm;ut&rf;udkcufcJygw,f

ol jrufcif;ay:wnfhwnfhwufoGm;ygw,f

olvrf;aMumif;tay:jyefa&mufvmygNyD cifAs

epfuD&JUtajctaeu tjcm;upm;orm;awGtwGufyJ awmfawmfudktE�&m,frsm;wJhtajctaeyg

a&SYrSm rawmfwqrIjzpfyGm;xm;ygw,f

epfuD a&Smifwdrf;vdkufygw,f

ol tysuftpD;yHkMuD;udka&SmifvGJedkifcJhygNyD

epfuD olU&JUuum;&JUtrSDudkwdkufrdawmhyghr,f

ol ausmfwufoGm;ygw,fcifAsm

wu,fudkr,Hkedkifp&mygyJ

olvsifjrefpGmeJYyJ uGm[aewJhtuGmta0;awGudk avQmhcsoGm;ygw,f

&Gef'gae&mu olU&JUtoif;azmfeJUeD;uyfaeygNyD

tck jydKifuGif;vrf;u um;wdkufrIawGeJY rD;cdk;awGxaewkef;ygyJ

csefyD,Hudk tedkif,lzdkYuawmhawmfawmfudkcufcJygw,f

olUudktm;ay;zdkYtwGuftm;vHk;utm&HkpdkufaeMuygw,f

epfuD&Gef'g

&Gef'g &Gef'g olyef;0ifoGm;ygNyD

olUtwGuf y&dowfawGtm;vHk;tm;ay;aeMuygw,f

'guwu,fudkta&;ygwJhatmifyGJyg

wu,fudktHhMop&m&moDygyJ NyD;awmhtckcsdefrSm epfuD&Gef'geJY csefyD,HqktwGufajcwpfvSrf;wdk;oGm;edkifcJhygNyD

1976 zdkife,f *syefum;jydKifuGif;

'DtHhMozG,f&maumif;wJhazmfjrLvm0rf;&moDuawmh aemufqHk;tqifhudka&muf&SdvmygNyD

zl*sDawmif&JU t&dyfatmufrSmyg

epfuDu bD[efwD&JUtaemufoHk;rSwftuGmrSmyg

wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muftedkif,lwJholu qkzvm;qGwfcl;oGm;rSmyg

*sdrf; cifAsm;zdtm;'PfawGudkcHedkif&JUvm;

cifAsm;bmajymw,fqdkwmudkem;rvnfygbl;

ig igh&JUtvkyfrSmtNrJwrf;aysmf&Tifw,f um;jydKif&wmudkeSpfoufw,f

cifAsm; epfuDudktJh'dar;cGef;ar;oifhwm

-rp�wm&Gef'g cifAsm;rSmzdtm;awG&Sdygovm; -igu rif;vdkygyJ

ur�mcsifyD,HtaeeJY igwpfMudrfawmhtedkif&rSmyJ

tedkif,lwmuvG,fygw,f csdefyD,HjzpfzdkYyJcufwm

cifAsm;rSm ,HkMunfrI&Sd&r,f

*sdrf; rif;ar;csifwmudkar;vdkY&w,f

epfuD aumif;aumif;,SOfjydKifedkifcJh&ifvnf;

uRefawmfhtwGuf *kPf,lp&mygyJ

vmr,fhjydKifyGJudkyJtm&Hkpdkufxm;ygw,f

'DjydKifyGJub,fvdkjydKifyGJrsdK;jzpfr,fvdkYxifygovJ

'DaeYrdk;awGonf;xefpGm&Gmaew,f jrLawGvnf;qdkif;aew,f avawGuvnf;wdkufaew,f

'DaeYrSm twdrf;tapmif;rcHedkifwmoHk;a,muf&Sdygw,f

&Gef'ef vm; [efwfvm;

-csefyD,H&SpfjydKifyGJMuD; pwifygawmhr,f -rdk;awGuawmhonf;onf;rnf;rnf;udk&Gmaeygw,f

jydKifyGJudkawmhcgwdkif;vdkyJqufvufusif;yrSmyg

vlwdkif;uawmh epfuDudkapmifhMunfhcsifaeygw,f

rdk;&GmwJhtwGuf aemufqHk;qHk;jzwfcsufuawmh

1976 *syef*&if;y&DjydKifyGJudkqufvufusif;yrSmyJjzpfygw,f

um;ay:rSmtqifoifhae&m,lay;xm;yg

oGm;awmh

ig;rdepfvdkygao;w,f

vkyfxm; epfuD

aumif;ygNyD &w,f

-rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ -igwdkYtqifajyr,fqdkwmvmajymwmyg

-'Dt&mawGuvTrf;rdk;aevdrfhr,f -ig b,ft&mudkrSr,HkMunfbl;

-'DrSm -bmtwGufvJ

um;pufedk;awmh

uHaumif;ygap

uHaumif;ygap

jydKifyGJpwifzdkYtwGuf pu�efYoHk;q,ftvdk

'DaeY zl*sDjydKifum;0if;wpfavQmufrSm yGJMunfhy&dwfowfaygif; &Spfaomif;vma&muftm;ay;aeMuygw,f

'guawmh trSwf&p&mupm;yGJav;ygyJ

upm;orm;awGae&m,lNyD;oGm;ygNyD

xdyfqHk;uawmh epfuD&Gef'gyg ab;uawmhawmiftz&Duu um;armif;orm;yg

taemufrSmawmh jydKifum;armif;orm;eSpfq,fhig;a,muf&Sdygw,f

befem *syeftvHudka0h,rf;tNyD;rSmawmh jydKifyGJpwifygNyD

'Dvdk&moDrsdK;rSm t&Sdefjrifharmif;zdkYqdkwmrjzpfedkifygbl;

eHywf eSpfq,fuOD;wnfaeygw,f aemufuwpfa,mufuvnf;uyfvdkufaeygw,f

epfuD tckOD;aqmifzdkYtwGufrvG,fawmhygbl;

*sdrf;u vuf&SdrSmOD;aqmifaeygw,f

epfuD aumif;rGefpGmxdef;odrf;xm;ygw,f

epfuD zm&D;,m;um;jyif&HkxJudkarmif;0ifoGm;ygw,f

bmaMumifhtapmMuD;0ifoGm;w,fqdkwmawmh b,folrSrodygbl;

um;bmjzpfvdkYvJ bmjzpfvdkYvJ

-epfuD um;bmjzpfvdkYvJ -bmrSrjzpfbl;

-um;u aumif;w,f -pwD,m&if; udkjrefjrefjzKwfay;prf;yg

-rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ -ig xGufvdkufwm

uRefawmfwdkYvnf;pdwf&IyfaeNyD epfuDwpfu,fyJxGufoGm;ygNyD

aemufqHk;tcdkuftwefYav;rSmyJ epfuDjydKifyGJuaeekwfxGufcJhygw,f

epfuD igtjcm;vlawGudkb,fvdkajym&rSmvJ

bmrSrajymeJY trSeftwdkif;wmajymvdkuf

bmjzpfvdkYvJ olwdkYrefae*smudkajymaeNyD

&Gef'g ajymygtkef;

&Gef'gjydKifyGJuxGufoGm;NyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh *sdrf;tenf;qHk; tqifhoHk;&&ifawmif ur�mcsefyD,HjzpfrSmyg

'gayr,fh *sdrf;&JUwdkufyGJuawmhrNyD;qHk;ao;ygbl;

qdk;0g;vSwJh&moDOwkxJrSm olwdkYqufNyD;awmhjydKif&tkef;rSmyg

q,fhig;ywfusefygao;w,f *sdrf;[efwfvm; 'grSr[kwf epfuD&Gef'gyJvm;tajzuawmhray:ao;ygbl;

*sdrf; rif;jydKifyGJudktqHk;owfypfvdkY&w,faemf

ig;q,fh&SpfywfajrmufrSmawmh *sdrf;uqufNyD;awmh OD;aqmifaeygw,f

wu,fudkqdk;0g;wmyJ

aemufu jydKifbufawGueD;uyfvmygNyD

ol *sdrf;udkaemufrSmcsefxm;cJhygNyD

[efwf vrf;ay:rxGufvmao;ygbl;

olvnfxGufoGm;ygw,f

'gayr,fh tJh'dtjzpftysufu csefyD,H*sdrf;twGufawmhrwm;qD;edkifygbl;

tck *sufucsnf;uyfvmygNyD

ar;cGef;xkwfp&mygyJ olausmfwufoGm;ygw,f

tckvdk&moDOwktajctaersdK;udkwu,fudkyJqdk;0g;ygw,f

Munfhygtkef;

[ef trSDvdkufvmygNyD

ol aemufwpfMudrfausmfoGm;jyefygNyD

tywfaygif;ckeSpfq,f aemufxyfav;ywfusefygao;w,f

ol jyifqifwJh{&d,mxJudk0ifoGm;ygw,f

aemufu jydKifum;orm;awGvnf;vdkufvmygw,f

jrefjrefwm,mvJay;prf;yg

'gudkeSdyfzdkYrarheJYaemf txJrSmenf;enf;&Sdaeao;w,f

-'gudkzGifhzdkYrarhygeJYaemf -igoGm;NyD

tck *sufua&SUuaeOD;aqmifaeygw,f

vkyfxm;

rif; ur�mcsefyD,Hjzpfoifhygw,f

r&ao;bl;av

aemufqHk;tywfygyJ *sdrf;jyifqifwJhae&mrSmyJ&Sdygao;w,f

tck olrsm;pGmaemufusaeygNyD

-*sdrf; -ighoGm;awmhr,f

-em;axmif -bmvJ

tjyifrSmtem;,lyghvm;

-rif;bmajymvdkufwmvJ -rif;udk,frif;*&kpkdufzdkYajymaewm

rif; ab;uifpGmeJYjyefvm&r,f

rif;a&SUrSmtrsm;MuD;a&mufaeMuNyD

-aemufwpfeSpfvnf;&Sdygao;w,f -rif;ckxdtqHk;rowfao;bl;vm;

aumif;NyD

*sdrf; utqifhajcmufudka&mufaeygw,f

tck aemufqHk;av;ywfyJusefygawmhw,f olYrSmaemufjyefvSnfhzdkYtcsdefr&Sdawmhygbl;

jrefjrefvkyfyg

ckeSpfq,fhwpfywf oHk;ywfusef oljyefvmaeNyD

olUa&SUrSmjydKifbufwpfa,mufyg

tauGU ueSpfq,fhoHk;tcHk;&Sdygw,f

oljzwfoef;oGm;ygNyD

ol aemufwpfa,mufudkvnf;ausmfoGm;jyefygNyD

oljyefvmaeygNyD

pifwDrDwmtenf;i,fyJusefygawmhw,f

MunfhMuygtkef;

*sdrf;aemufwpffMudrfausmfvGefoGm;jyefygNyD 'gayr,fhrvHkavmufao;ygbl;

ckeSpfq,fheSpfywf eSpfywfusef jydKifyGJutqHk;owfzdkYeD;uyfvmygNyD

ol 0ufpwefeJY uyfaeygNyD

ol tysuftpD;awGudkatmifjrifpGmyJa&SmifvGJoGm;edkifygw,f ol ta&SUudka&mufvmygNyD

ol trSDvdkufvmygNyD 'gayr,fhcufcJwJhtydkif;ygyJ

ol ur�mcsefyD,Hjzpfedkifyghrvm;

olOD;wnfaeygw,f

ol tqifhjywJhZ,m;rSmtqifhig;udka&mufaeygw,f

yef;wdkif;udkjzwfausmfoGm;ygNyD oltck ur�mcsefyD,HjzpfzdkYenf;enf;vdkaeygao;w,f

xl;qef;wmuawmh olrjyoedkifawmhygbl;

-ol tqifhig;rSm -rjzpfedkifbl;

Z,m;rSmuolUudktqifhoHk;vdkYjyaew,f 'gayr,fh trSwfay;Z,m;rSmuig;rSmyJ&Sdaeao;w,f

ol qufNyD;awmh MudK;pm;&tkef;rSmyg

trSwfay;Z,m;uajymif;wJhenf;pepfudkigodNyD

olwdkYawGtvkyfvkyfwmudkigwdkYapmifh&tkef;r,f

-rif;tqifajy&JUvm; -pdwfraumif;ygbl; uRefawmfvkyfedkifw,fvdkYajymcJhw,f

-rif;awmif;yefwmu atmifjrifoGm;vdkYvm; -bmatmifjrifwmvJ

rif;uowd,yJav rif;&JUtrSwfu

tck *sdrf;owd,ae&m &wmudkw&m;0ifowfrSwfvdkufygNyD

ur�mcsefyD,HjzpfNyDqdkwJht"dy�g,fygyJ

[efwf trSwfeJYtedkif&NyD;awmh ur�mcsefyD,HjzpfoGm;ygNyD

igwdkYtedkif&NyD

ur�mcsefyD,HuG

-*sdrf;ajymcJhygtkef; rif;b,fudkoGm;rSmvJ -t&ifqHk; us,fus,fatmfvdkufyg

tqifajy&JUvm;

ajyygw,f

ig aemifwr&ygbl;

'Dwpfacgufwnf;rSr[kwfwm

txl;{nfhonfawmf azmfjrLvm0rf;csefyD,H*sdrf;[efwfyJjzpfygw,f

*sdrf;[efwf ur�mcsefyD,H

NyD;awmh 'Dvdktpm;tpmrsdK;udkb,folrSrpm;edkifygbl;

-'gb,fudkoGm;aewmvJ -igoGm;csifwJhae&mudkoGm;rSmyJ

eifi b,fae&mxifvdkYvJ

aumif;w,f

bdkavmhem

wu,fa&moGm;csif&JUvm;

epfuD

awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f

rif; 'Dudktm;vyfwJhvmw,fqdkwmawmhigMum;ygw,f

-rif;av,mOfarmif;rvdkYvm; -r[kwfygbl;

ajy;vrf;ay:rSm pnf;rsOf;awGudkem;axmifaewJh umvwpfavQmufvHk;

upm;yGJwpfckvdkygyJ

rif; ydkifavmhwpfa,mufvkdtoufarG;0rf;aMumif;jyKawmhr,fvdkYxifaewm

r[kwfygbl;

-rif;ua&mb,fvdkvkyfNyD;'Dudka&mufvmwmvJ -ig r*FvmaqmifrvdkY

tenf;qHk;awmh &dk;&mtpOftvmav;vkyfoifhw,frvm;

rif;a&mb,fvdkvJ rif;*kPf,laerSmaygh

-rif; ryifyef;cJhbl;aemf -aus;Zl;yJ

-'guajrSmufajymaewmvm;qdkwmawmhigvnf;aocsmrodbl; -xm;vdkufygawmh

-rif;aeaumif;&JUvm; -rif;&l;aewmyJ

ighb0rSmta&;MuD;qHk;t&mudkigydkifqdkifoGm;NyD

'gudkrif;tm;vHk;udk oufaojy&r,fav

-rif;atmifjrifcsifw,fvdkYtNrJwrf;ajymcJhw,f bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh -bmaMumifhvJ

rif;&JU tufqD'ifhaMumifhvm;

epfuD wu,futJh'drSmvlawGtrsm;MuD;aemf

tm;vHk;um;awGuvnf;twlwlyJ NyD;awmh tcGifhta&;uvnf;twlwlyJ

-tJh'dtjzpftysufu ightwGufta&;MuD;qHk;t&mvm; -rif;u 'gudkatmifjrifrIvdkYowfrSwfwmvm;

-r[kwfygbl; -'gu vufcHedkifp&mr&SdwJhpGefYpm;rIyg

-rif;aozdkYtoifhjzpfaeNyDvm; -[kwfw,fav igtoifhjzpfaeNyD

igwdkYwpfa,mufudkwpfa,muftedkif,lzdkY aozdkYtqifoifhjzpfaecJhMuwmav

'guaumif;rGefwJht&mwpfckygyJ rif;ighudkzdtm;awGtrsm;MuD;ay;cJhwmav

igwdkY'gudkrvkyfoifhbl;vm; aojcif;w&m;eJY&ifqdkifrvm; xGufajy;rvm;

rif;uwu,fraumif;wJhaumifyJ

ol&Jaumif;wpfa,mufvdkyJcHpm;&w,f

rif; igh&JUtaetxm;udkodygw,f

-aoqHk;zdkYeSpfq,f&mcdkifEIef;qdk&if -ya&mzuf&Sife,fawGrSm 'DvdkEdIif;,SOfvdkYr&bl;av

rif; 'gudkzsufqD;NyD;wJhtcsdefrSmawmh

*sdrf; *sdrf;

igoGm;awmhr,f

*sdrf;

aq;&Hku Murf;wrf;wJhukxHk;awGudkrif;odygw,f igu tqkwfudkyJxdcdkufcJhwmyg

igh&JUtqkwfudk wpfckckuzsufqD;oGm;cJhwm

igukorIcHaewJhtcsdefrSm igwDADMunfhaecJhw,f rif;u ighae&mudk&,loGm;wm

-rif;&JUae&mvm; -t&dk;om;qHk;ajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh igraysmfedkifbl;

aemufawmfh a'gufwmvmNyD;awmhajymcJhw,f rp�wm&Gef'g cifAsm;udktMuHay;p&mav;&Sdw,f

tckjzpfysufcJhwmawGudkusdefpmwpfckvdkYr,lqygeJY uHaumif;wmvdkYyJ,lqyg

vlawmfawGu jydKifbufudkav;pm;&w,f

olajymwmrSefw,f

igwdkYuMunfhygtkef; igwdkYurnHhvGef;bl;vm;

tuf'DuNyD;oGm;NyD igb,foGm;&rSef;rodao;bl;

tck igwdkYucsefyD,HawGyJav

r[kwfbl;vm;

ighudkpdwfysufatmifrvkyfygeJY

-tvkyfudkjyefvkyfyg -igvkyfrSmyg

'gayr,fh rif;vnf;rMumcifaysmf&TifrItwGuf upm;yGJudka&mufvmr,fvdkYarQmfvifhygw,f

rif;raysmfbl;vm; ydkufqHtwGufa&mxnfhrawG;bl;vm;

rif;ajymwmrSefygw,f

*sdrf; igwdkYrif;udkenf;enf;av;vkyfcJhw,f

igwdkY&JUjydKifqdkifrIawGujrifhwufaetkef;rSmyg

rif;vkyfvdkY&ygw,f csefyD,HMuD;

rif;MunfhvdkYaumif;aeyghvm; rif;'DrsufeSmavmifxm;wJh'Pf&mawGeJYvnf; MunfhvdkYaumif;w,f

[kwfwmaygh oluRefawmfajymwmudkem;raxmifygbl;

*sdrf; csefyD,Hwpfa,mufqdkwmoufaojyoGm;wm rvHkavmufao;ygbl; oloufaojy&tkef;rSmyg

ol oHo,0ifaewJholtm;vHk;udktedkif,lNyD;awmh aemufoHk;eSpftMumrStem;,lcJhw,f

aemufckeSpfMumNyD;aemufrSm uRefawmfolUudkvef'efrSmawGUcJhw,f

ol aemufxyfcsefyD,HjzpfcJhao;w,f

olutawmfqHk;vlwpfa,mufyg b,frSmrqHk; aemufqHk;tcsdefxd&Sifoefaetkef;rSmyJ

ol toufav;q,fhig;eSpft&G,frSmaoqHk;cJhw,fvdkYMum;w,f

uRefawmfrtHhMocJhygbl; 0rf;enf;&HkygyJ

olUudkqdk;oGrf;vGef;wJhvlwpfa,mufvHk; vlawGutNrJwrf;awG;Muw,f

'gayr,fh oluuRefawmfvdkvlrsdK;ygyJ

uRefawmfudk,fwdkifvnf;vlawGudkav;pm;&w,f

uRefawmfh&JUb0ae0ifcsdefrSm vlawGeJYawGUcJhw,f