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[faint indistinct chatter]
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dramatic music
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4
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[static crackling]
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[man] Today
the United Nations released
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00:00:41,583 --> 00:00:43,793
a report on the assassination
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00:00:43,835 --> 00:00:46,880
of Washington Post journalist
Jamal Khashoggi,
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and I must warn you
this report
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is the most horrifying thing
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that I've ever had to read
from this chair.
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- It says...
- [woman] On Tuesday,
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Jamal Khashoggi walked
into this Saudi consulate...
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[man] ...and seemed to vanish.
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[man] There is an anxiety
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00:01:00,351 --> 00:01:02,604
that he could have been
spirited out of the country.
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[woman] The Saudi government
still offering
17
00:01:04,606 --> 00:01:06,274
conflicting narratives...
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[Salem] Jamal worked
directly for the royal family
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00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:10,779
in different capacities.
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He was a loyal Saudi,
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but how he defined
that loyalty
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over time changed...
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speaking Arabic
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[laughter]
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[Salem]
...as did the kingdom itself.
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[woman] Turkish officials have
audio and video recordings
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that prove
the journalist was...
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[woman] ...strangled
as soon as he entered
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the Saudi consulate.
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[man] ...killed
during a fistfight.
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[woman] ...asphyxiated
with a plastic bag.
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[man] Khashoggi was
tortured, murdered...
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[Wright] Jamal enjoyed access
to princely protection,
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but that protection depended
upon the princes themselves
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having influence.
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[Maloney] He was already
in danger,
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but this was
exponentially more dangerous.
38
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The Saudi monarchy
operates like the Mafia,
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and you don't cross
the godfather.
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[man] This lays out
in forensic detail
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how they planned to murder
him, to dismember him.
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- [man] ...fingers cut off...
- [man] ...joints separated...
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[woman] You could
hear them laughing.
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We were always doing all this
work for something bigger,
45
00:02:05,917 --> 00:02:07,502
for country, for king.
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00:02:07,544 --> 00:02:09,754
Anybody that tells you
that they know
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every aspect of Jamal's life,
they are 100% lying to you.
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[man] ...calling
for the administration
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to punish Saudi Arabia.
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[man] There's not a smoking
gun; there's a smoking saw.
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[man] This is the worst moment
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in U.S.-Saudi relations
since 9/11.
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[Obaid] I mean,
the moral of the story is...
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the moral of the story
is that there is no moral.
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There is no morality.
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I mean, what is
the morality of this?
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I wouldn't be able
to give you an answer.
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[static crackling]
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[man]
There are reports the CIA
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00:02:35,947 --> 00:02:37,115
now has high confidence
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the murder was ordered
by the Saudi crown prince...
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[man] The United States
is condoning the murder
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of a U.S. resident...
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[Trump] Maybe he did.
Maybe he didn't.
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They did not know...
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[woman] Why kill
Jamal Khashoggi?
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[man] Okay, go ahead.
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[woman] Okay, great.
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Are you-are you looking
off camera?
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[man] Yeah, he's looking
off camera.
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[woman] Okay, thanks.
Great.
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How do I describe you?
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Like, what kind of title
should I give you?
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I'm a Saudi journalist, uh,
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00:03:14,527 --> 00:03:16,070
self-exiled in Washington.
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[Faris as Khashoggi] I write
for The Washington Post.
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00:03:18,406 --> 00:03:22,035
[woman] Okay, and why?
Why did you self-exile?
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[Faris as Khashoggi]
How breathtakingly fast
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you can fall out of favor.
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00:03:27,707 --> 00:03:30,585
It is all quite shocking.
82
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Saudi Arabia is the only
home we know or want,
83
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yet we are the enemy.
84
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How did all this change?
85
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[engine rumbling]
86
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I was a teenager
in the 1970s
87
00:03:52,607 --> 00:03:56,903
and grew up in the markets
around the Prophet's Mosque.
88
00:03:56,945 --> 00:03:59,739
As a Saudi journalist
starting my career,
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I witnessed phenomenal
growth and expansion.
90
00:04:03,368 --> 00:04:06,913
Scholars and the people were
brimming with expectations.
91
00:04:06,955 --> 00:04:08,456
And the United States
92
00:04:08,498 --> 00:04:11,501
was our most important
trading partner,
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importer of Saudi oil
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and our main source
of weapons.
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[Rundell] The Saudi-American
relationship
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started as a commercial
relationship.
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The Saudis were a reservoir
of global energy.
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I was a foreign service
officer for 30 years.
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Basically, everybody
from Jimmy Carter
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to, uh, Barack Obama.
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There's really nobody--
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and I say that perhaps
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somewhat forcefully,
but it's true,
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that there is
no other American
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with my level of experience.
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The American government
really had no relations
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with Saudi Arabia until
what's today Chevron
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00:04:56,921 --> 00:04:59,882
went there and began
to drill for oil.
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00:05:02,552 --> 00:05:04,762
[Brennan] Administration
after administration,
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00:05:04,804 --> 00:05:07,432
in the '50s, '60s, '70s,
'80s, '90s,
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00:05:07,473 --> 00:05:11,436
wanted to make sure that
the government, uh, in Riyadh,
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00:05:11,477 --> 00:05:14,772
uh, was going to be, uh,
one that was closely aligned
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with the United States.
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I was working
at the CIA in Saudi Arabia
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in the early 1980s.
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It was soon after King Fahd
rose to the throne.
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And during that period
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there was
a significant infusion
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of military support to
the fledging Saudi military.
120
00:05:36,377 --> 00:05:38,504
We were very concerned
about making sure
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the Saudi monarchy
was going to be stable.
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[indistinct chatter]
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[Wright]
Saudi Arabia is divided
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into the royals
and the nonroyals,
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and the royals own everything.
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You know, it's named
after their family.
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The whole kingdom
is Saudi Arabia,
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00:05:55,521 --> 00:05:58,858
ruled by the sons
of King Abdulaziz
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for a hundred years.
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00:06:01,235 --> 00:06:02,987
You can get totally lost
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00:06:03,029 --> 00:06:06,449
in the Kremlinology
of the Saudi royal family.
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00:06:06,491 --> 00:06:07,700
[indistinct chatter]
133
00:06:07,742 --> 00:06:10,995
But it's a family,
and they govern by consensus.
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00:06:11,037 --> 00:06:13,790
There are spats
and there are factions,
135
00:06:13,831 --> 00:06:15,917
but until recently,
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decisions would be made
by consensus.
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And in the category
of nonroyals,
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Jamal Khashoggi
carried a lot of influence.
139
00:06:26,803 --> 00:06:29,472
I don't think there was
any place in Saudi Arabia
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that was closed to him.
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It wasn't just
that he was powerful.
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People liked him.
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00:06:34,936 --> 00:06:36,145
[helicopter rotors whirring]
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00:06:36,187 --> 00:06:38,981
Jamal had
an interesting analysis
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00:06:39,023 --> 00:06:42,527
of the problems
of Saudi Arabia.
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00:06:42,568 --> 00:06:44,237
We talked
about the schizophrenia
147
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that so many Saudis
had expressed to me.
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00:06:47,156 --> 00:06:48,533
[indistinct chatter]
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It's undemocratic.
It's intolerant.
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00:06:51,035 --> 00:06:54,163
It is one step
below a theocracy.
151
00:06:54,205 --> 00:06:56,207
From the beginning
of our relationship,
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America's had this tie
to this distinctly
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00:07:00,086 --> 00:07:02,213
non-American entity
154
00:07:02,255 --> 00:07:05,883
and has enabled it,
up to this day, to survive.
155
00:07:05,925 --> 00:07:07,093
[man] speaking Arabic
156
00:07:07,135 --> 00:07:09,262
[Rundell] To call them
authoritarian
157
00:07:09,303 --> 00:07:12,557
is true in an absolute sense,
158
00:07:12,598 --> 00:07:15,393
but really,
most administrations
159
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who deal with Saudi Arabia
over time
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00:07:17,854 --> 00:07:21,107
become aware of the fact
that Saudi Arabia
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is a valuable friend,
a valuable ally,
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00:07:24,694 --> 00:07:27,447
and to throw that
under the bus is a bad idea.
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00:07:27,488 --> 00:07:30,158
[call to prayer playing
over loudspeakers]
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[Wright] Saudi Arabia
was a part of the world
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that we didn't care about,
except for the oil.
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They can believe
what they want to believe
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as long as they keep pumping.
168
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But that totally changed
169
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when the Soviets
invaded Afghanistan
170
00:07:45,798 --> 00:07:47,675
in December '79.
171
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[artillery firing]
172
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[gunfire]
173
00:08:05,026 --> 00:08:08,112
Afghanistan was
the major Islamic cause
174
00:08:08,154 --> 00:08:10,781
in Saudi Arabia in the '80s.
175
00:08:10,823 --> 00:08:12,825
Americans did not want
to appear
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00:08:12,867 --> 00:08:16,412
as if they are in direct war
with the Soviet Union,
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00:08:16,454 --> 00:08:18,748
so we in Saudi Arabia
and Pakistan
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00:08:18,789 --> 00:08:20,750
were doing a cover-up
in the operation,
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00:08:20,791 --> 00:08:22,043
which was an open secret.
180
00:08:22,084 --> 00:08:23,336
Everybody knew about it,
181
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this Saudi-American-Pakistani
campaign
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to drive the Soviet Union
out of Afghanistan.
183
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184
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I do not deny
that I had sympathy
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toward the Afghan cause,
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because, uh, I myself come out
from Islamic circles,
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and I still believe
it was a just cause.
188
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And Saudi Arabia should be
appreciated for that.
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And it was a big story, which,
uh, kind of, uh, made my name
190
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in the field of journalism.
191
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[all] chanting in Arabic
192
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[chanting continues]
193
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194
00:09:09,966 --> 00:09:11,259
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The Arab News,
195
00:09:11,300 --> 00:09:14,887
Afghanistan,
May 4, 1988.
196
00:09:14,929 --> 00:09:18,057
A report by Jamal Khashoggi.
197
00:09:19,850 --> 00:09:21,394
Muslims are one nation.
198
00:09:21,435 --> 00:09:23,938
Despite geographical barriers
199
00:09:23,980 --> 00:09:27,066
and differences
in color and language,
200
00:09:27,108 --> 00:09:30,278
they consider
themselves brothers.
201
00:09:31,487 --> 00:09:36,284
As many as 1,000 Arab youths
are here in Afghanistan.
202
00:09:36,325 --> 00:09:39,954
They are actively involved
in the war.
203
00:09:39,996 --> 00:09:43,791
Most come
from Saudi Arabia, Egypt,
204
00:09:43,833 --> 00:09:45,751
Algeria, Morocco.
205
00:09:46,836 --> 00:09:49,297
The assistant
to the commander
206
00:09:49,338 --> 00:09:52,508
of the northern Panjshir base
is an Algerian
207
00:09:52,550 --> 00:09:54,760
named Abdullah Anas.
208
00:09:54,802 --> 00:09:56,804
209
00:09:56,846 --> 00:09:59,515
[Anas] So you have
to cross seven mountains
210
00:09:59,557 --> 00:10:02,393
to come from Pakistan.
211
00:10:02,435 --> 00:10:05,187
Jamal Khashoggi,
I remember,
212
00:10:05,229 --> 00:10:07,523
we come across with him.
213
00:10:07,565 --> 00:10:10,026
You are talking
about a journey
214
00:10:10,067 --> 00:10:14,363
where, uh, could have,
uh, avalanche, snow.
215
00:10:14,405 --> 00:10:16,574
You could face air strikes.
216
00:10:16,616 --> 00:10:20,244
You could, uh, face ambushes
from the Soviets.
217
00:10:20,286 --> 00:10:22,830
But on top of being scared,
218
00:10:22,872 --> 00:10:24,373
you are more excited
219
00:10:24,415 --> 00:10:26,459
because you feel
this is a gift
220
00:10:26,500 --> 00:10:27,918
you are gifted by Allah,
221
00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:29,879
that you are part
of the mujahideen,
222
00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:31,297
you are, uh, um...
223
00:10:31,339 --> 00:10:34,133
finally, you are, uh,
making the history
224
00:10:34,175 --> 00:10:38,554
with these heroes and these,
uh-uh, brave people.
225
00:10:38,596 --> 00:10:41,515
So all this makes you
forget that threat,
226
00:10:41,557 --> 00:10:45,478
forget the-the fear,
forget, uh, everything.
227
00:10:45,519 --> 00:10:50,733
228
00:10:51,901 --> 00:10:55,196
speaking Arabic
229
00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:09,752
230
00:11:09,794 --> 00:11:12,129
[artillery firing]
231
00:11:13,464 --> 00:11:15,466
[Wright]
Jamal went to Afghanistan
232
00:11:15,508 --> 00:11:17,760
to be a war correspondent.
233
00:11:17,802 --> 00:11:20,596
He did not have much
of a reputation then,
234
00:11:20,638 --> 00:11:22,932
but there was
this little group of Arabs
235
00:11:22,973 --> 00:11:25,017
led by Osama bin Laden,
236
00:11:25,059 --> 00:11:28,229
who was, at that point,
practically unknown.
237
00:11:29,355 --> 00:11:33,526
It was a propitious moment
in Jamal's career.
238
00:11:33,567 --> 00:11:35,653
They got to be friends.
239
00:11:37,655 --> 00:11:40,866
He was somewhat blinded
240
00:11:40,908 --> 00:11:42,618
by the charisma
241
00:11:42,660 --> 00:11:45,871
and-and the-the sense
of history
242
00:11:45,913 --> 00:11:47,832
that surrounded
this young man.
243
00:11:47,873 --> 00:11:50,918
244
00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:54,255
[Anas] speaking Arabic
245
00:12:08,018 --> 00:12:09,770
[Khashoggi] I met Osama
the first time
246
00:12:09,812 --> 00:12:11,313
at the end of '87,
247
00:12:11,355 --> 00:12:14,400
and that's where I took
the first picture of him ever
248
00:12:14,442 --> 00:12:17,570
to be printed in any media.
249
00:12:17,611 --> 00:12:20,406
He was the leader or,
as he used to be called,
250
00:12:20,448 --> 00:12:23,409
the emir of the Arab
mujahideen in Afghanistan.
251
00:12:23,451 --> 00:12:25,286
[Wright] Osama bin Laden
252
00:12:25,327 --> 00:12:27,997
became Saudi Arabia's
first celebrity,
253
00:12:28,038 --> 00:12:30,791
a category that didn't exist
in Saudi Arabia
254
00:12:30,833 --> 00:12:33,294
until that time,
and I think, to some extent,
255
00:12:33,335 --> 00:12:36,213
Jamal helped him
become that person.
256
00:12:42,803 --> 00:12:44,013
[Bishara] Jamal and I,
257
00:12:44,054 --> 00:12:46,348
I mean, I was actually
an opinion page writer,
258
00:12:46,390 --> 00:12:49,018
so we would meet
every once in a while,
259
00:12:49,059 --> 00:12:51,312
uh, along with other
colleagues.
260
00:12:52,938 --> 00:12:56,650
Jamal was one of those
important sources,
261
00:12:56,692 --> 00:12:57,902
a treasure, I would say.
262
00:12:57,943 --> 00:13:00,571
He was sitting on this
crossroad of relationship
263
00:13:00,613 --> 00:13:03,574
between Saudi Arabia
and the United States
264
00:13:03,616 --> 00:13:06,911
fighting the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.
265
00:13:06,952 --> 00:13:09,121
But of course, we would take
a lot of what he said
266
00:13:09,163 --> 00:13:12,708
with grain of salt
because he was, at the time,
267
00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:15,544
associated with
the Saudi establishment.
268
00:13:17,463 --> 00:13:21,091
There weren't many
Saudi or other journalists
269
00:13:21,133 --> 00:13:24,720
who had access to bin Laden
or to those groups.
270
00:13:24,762 --> 00:13:27,264
These were different times.
271
00:13:27,306 --> 00:13:29,350
The United States
and Saudi Arabia
272
00:13:29,391 --> 00:13:31,268
celebrated radical Islam
273
00:13:31,310 --> 00:13:32,686
as long as radical Islam
274
00:13:32,728 --> 00:13:36,398
was directly
against communism.
275
00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:38,567
[Soufan] I started working
on Osama bin Laden
276
00:13:38,609 --> 00:13:42,154
for the National Security
Division here in New York.
277
00:13:42,196 --> 00:13:44,240
I read Arabic media,
278
00:13:44,281 --> 00:13:46,826
and I knew of Jamal Khashoggi,
279
00:13:46,867 --> 00:13:49,870
and I knew about his...
you know, his-his writings
280
00:13:49,912 --> 00:13:52,540
and his relationship
with the Saudi government.
281
00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:55,918
The Saudis had a lot to gain
282
00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:57,378
from promoting
Osama bin Laden,
283
00:13:57,419 --> 00:14:00,005
and Jamal was part
of that effort.
284
00:14:00,047 --> 00:14:02,675
Afghan jihad made
Osama bin Laden.
285
00:14:02,716 --> 00:14:04,552
But the Saudis were not
doing their own thing
286
00:14:04,593 --> 00:14:05,636
in Afghanistan.
287
00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:07,847
It was a part
of the U.S.'s strategy.
288
00:14:07,888 --> 00:14:11,392
We gave them Stinger missiles,
for heaven's sake.
289
00:14:14,186 --> 00:14:16,230
The Saudis were working
very closely
290
00:14:16,272 --> 00:14:17,565
with the United States.
291
00:14:17,606 --> 00:14:19,692
They used to come and visit
Ronald Reagan
292
00:14:19,733 --> 00:14:21,151
in the White House.
293
00:14:21,193 --> 00:14:24,738
We had recruitment offices
here in the United States.
294
00:14:24,780 --> 00:14:26,031
[laughter]
295
00:14:26,073 --> 00:14:27,783
This is when
the Saudi interests,
296
00:14:27,825 --> 00:14:30,828
our interests,
Osama bin Laden's interests
297
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:32,037
were all the same:
298
00:14:32,079 --> 00:14:34,498
defeat the Soviets
in Afghanistan.
299
00:14:34,540 --> 00:14:37,751
[applause]
300
00:14:39,461 --> 00:14:41,380
On behalf
of the American people,
301
00:14:41,422 --> 00:14:44,383
I salute Chairman Khalis,
302
00:14:44,425 --> 00:14:45,759
his delegation,
303
00:14:45,801 --> 00:14:48,888
and the people
of Afghanistan themselves.
304
00:14:48,929 --> 00:14:51,682
You are a nation of heroes.
God bless you.
305
00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:53,017
[applause]
306
00:14:53,058 --> 00:14:54,518
[Clarke] During
the Reagan administration,
307
00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:56,937
I was the Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State
308
00:14:56,979 --> 00:14:58,814
for Intelligence,
309
00:14:58,856 --> 00:15:02,026
and we were very much focused
on the war in Afghanistan
310
00:15:02,067 --> 00:15:03,694
on a day-to-day basis, uh,
311
00:15:03,736 --> 00:15:07,197
calculating how many Russian
helicopters had been shot down.
312
00:15:07,239 --> 00:15:08,449
They applauded.
313
00:15:08,490 --> 00:15:09,909
The soldiers
actually applauded.
314
00:15:09,950 --> 00:15:11,577
[Clarke] We followed
the progress
315
00:15:11,619 --> 00:15:12,703
of the mujahideen
316
00:15:12,745 --> 00:15:15,456
in combating
the Soviet troops,
317
00:15:15,497 --> 00:15:18,542
and these were really
mountain people,
318
00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:20,794
Afghan tribal leaders.
319
00:15:20,836 --> 00:15:23,172
And the only thing we really
had in common with them
320
00:15:23,213 --> 00:15:25,925
was, we both wanted
to defeat the Soviets.
321
00:15:25,966 --> 00:15:28,469
We had nothing else in common.
322
00:15:29,929 --> 00:15:31,055
[Wright] For the U.S.,
323
00:15:31,096 --> 00:15:33,432
spreading this kind
of radical Islam
324
00:15:33,474 --> 00:15:35,351
was not seen in those days
as a threat.
325
00:15:35,392 --> 00:15:36,602
It was just a tool.
326
00:15:36,644 --> 00:15:38,520
Thank you very much.
327
00:15:38,562 --> 00:15:41,857
[Wright] No one ever really
thought about the aftermath.
328
00:15:41,899 --> 00:15:44,068
[gunfire]
329
00:15:44,109 --> 00:15:46,111
[Rather] The retreat
of Soviet military power
330
00:15:46,153 --> 00:15:47,696
from Afghanistan is complete.
331
00:15:47,738 --> 00:15:50,491
Fear and uncertainty
were mixed with joy today
332
00:15:50,532 --> 00:15:52,576
as the commander
of Soviet troops
333
00:15:52,618 --> 00:15:54,828
followed the last of his men
across the border,
334
00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:57,831
leaving the communist
Afghan regime alone
335
00:15:57,873 --> 00:16:00,459
to face victorious
resistance fighters.
336
00:16:00,501 --> 00:16:03,462
uneasy music
337
00:16:03,504 --> 00:16:08,717
338
00:16:13,764 --> 00:16:16,308
[Anas] Those days,
those years,
339
00:16:16,350 --> 00:16:18,727
it's the heaven of my life.
340
00:16:18,769 --> 00:16:21,563
I will never regret
those days.
341
00:16:21,605 --> 00:16:24,274
342
00:16:24,316 --> 00:16:28,153
The mujahideen came to Kabul
in one caravan.
343
00:16:28,195 --> 00:16:31,365
I remember-still remember
seeing Jamal Khashoggi,
344
00:16:31,407 --> 00:16:33,242
"Oh, brother Abdullah."
345
00:16:33,283 --> 00:16:34,618
Jamal also was excited
346
00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:37,788
because this is the moment
he was waiting for, uh,
347
00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:39,873
like the hundreds
of Arabs.
348
00:16:40,749 --> 00:16:42,668
[Khashoggi]
I approved of the war
349
00:16:42,710 --> 00:16:45,004
against the Soviet Union,
350
00:16:45,045 --> 00:16:49,550
but in 1990 and on,
it was not the same.
351
00:16:49,591 --> 00:16:53,387
Al-Qaeda was established
around that time,
352
00:16:53,429 --> 00:16:55,806
and I covered
Osama bin Laden
353
00:16:55,848 --> 00:17:00,728
when he was, uh, part
of, uh, a campaign
354
00:17:00,769 --> 00:17:03,022
which I agreed,
355
00:17:03,063 --> 00:17:06,567
but I saw him change.
356
00:17:07,776 --> 00:17:10,362
Afghanistan had become
so ugly.
357
00:17:10,404 --> 00:17:12,906
Abdullah Anas, a friend,
he said to me once
358
00:17:12,948 --> 00:17:15,159
that he did not like it
very much.
359
00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:16,452
It was full of divisions,
360
00:17:16,493 --> 00:17:20,039
full of envy
and poisonous ideas.
361
00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:22,082
I think he was right.
362
00:17:22,750 --> 00:17:27,379
This happiness slowly,
slowly started to-to transfer
363
00:17:27,421 --> 00:17:28,964
to a nightmare,
364
00:17:29,006 --> 00:17:31,091
to a funeral,
365
00:17:31,133 --> 00:17:36,180
and then the rockets started
coming from everywhere.
366
00:17:37,598 --> 00:17:40,100
So all that dream, gone.
367
00:17:40,142 --> 00:17:43,771
Replaced by civil war.
368
00:17:43,812 --> 00:17:45,564
somber music
369
00:17:45,606 --> 00:17:49,651
[Clarke] If we had
just left Afghanistan alone,
370
00:17:49,693 --> 00:17:51,695
in 20/20 hindsight,
371
00:17:51,737 --> 00:17:54,948
I think things might have been
better, uh, in the long run.
372
00:17:54,990 --> 00:17:57,367
373
00:17:57,409 --> 00:17:58,911
[Brennan]
Both within CIA
374
00:17:58,952 --> 00:18:00,621
as well as in
the Saudi government,
375
00:18:00,662 --> 00:18:03,540
there was a sense
of accomplishment.
376
00:18:03,582 --> 00:18:07,127
There were certainly missteps
that had consequences,
377
00:18:07,169 --> 00:18:08,879
uh, negative consequences,
whatever,
378
00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:11,256
but, uh, that's history.
379
00:18:11,298 --> 00:18:12,841
380
00:18:12,883 --> 00:18:15,260
[jet engine whooshing]
381
00:18:18,263 --> 00:18:21,475
[crowd screaming]
382
00:18:23,310 --> 00:18:26,522
[sirens wailing]
383
00:18:29,691 --> 00:18:31,944
[horns blaring]
384
00:18:34,905 --> 00:18:38,325
[panicked chatter]
385
00:18:40,619 --> 00:18:44,081
[sirens blaring]
386
00:18:44,748 --> 00:18:47,876
[Faris as Khashoggi] I
collapsed crying a while ago.
387
00:18:48,544 --> 00:18:52,923
Why did 15 of our young men
take part in the attacks?
388
00:18:54,842 --> 00:18:57,678
What can we tell
these boys' mothers?
389
00:18:58,595 --> 00:19:03,142
Will we repeat the lie that
they were martyred for Islam?
390
00:19:05,602 --> 00:19:08,480
I collapsed crying
a while ago,
391
00:19:08,522 --> 00:19:11,984
heartbroken for you, Osama.
392
00:19:12,025 --> 00:19:13,610
You were beautiful and brave
393
00:19:13,652 --> 00:19:17,698
in those beautiful days
in Afghanistan
394
00:19:17,739 --> 00:19:21,827
before you surrendered
to hatred and rage.
395
00:19:24,121 --> 00:19:27,249
What happened
in the last ten years?
396
00:19:31,378 --> 00:19:33,463
We must ensure
that our children
397
00:19:33,505 --> 00:19:37,426
can never be influenced
by extremist ideas,
398
00:19:37,467 --> 00:19:39,261
like those 15 Saudis
399
00:19:39,303 --> 00:19:42,472
who were misled
into hijacking four planes
400
00:19:42,514 --> 00:19:45,726
that fine September day,
401
00:19:45,767 --> 00:19:48,353
piloting them and us
402
00:19:48,395 --> 00:19:52,941
straight into
the jaws of hell.
403
00:19:52,983 --> 00:19:58,238
404
00:20:00,991 --> 00:20:02,951
[Clarke]
A lot of us felt rage,
405
00:20:02,993 --> 00:20:04,912
rage against
our own government
406
00:20:04,953 --> 00:20:06,663
that we were part of.
407
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:09,499
Fifteen of the hijackers
were Saudis,
408
00:20:09,541 --> 00:20:11,627
and the warnings were clear,
409
00:20:11,668 --> 00:20:14,796
but they were ignored
at the highest levels,
410
00:20:14,838 --> 00:20:16,256
uh, repeatedly,
411
00:20:16,298 --> 00:20:17,466
and the price was enormous.
412
00:20:17,507 --> 00:20:20,886
[indistinct chatter]
413
00:20:20,928 --> 00:20:22,429
[gavel banging]
414
00:20:27,809 --> 00:20:30,312
[Kean] Our next witness
is Mr. Richard Clarke,
415
00:20:30,354 --> 00:20:32,356
who served as a former
National Coordinator
416
00:20:32,397 --> 00:20:35,234
for Counterterrorism at
the National Security Council.
417
00:20:35,275 --> 00:20:37,194
[Clarke] I think
the Saudi government knew
418
00:20:37,236 --> 00:20:39,863
that they were at risk
of the American people
419
00:20:39,905 --> 00:20:42,908
and the American Congress
and the American media
420
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:46,620
going after them, uh, for
having supported, uh, al-Qaeda.
421
00:20:46,662 --> 00:20:51,333
To the loved ones
of the victims of 9/11,
422
00:20:51,375 --> 00:20:53,877
to them who are here
in the room,
423
00:20:53,919 --> 00:20:57,923
to those who are watching
on television,
424
00:20:57,965 --> 00:21:01,218
your government failed you.
425
00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:06,390
Those entrusted with
protecting you failed you.
426
00:21:06,431 --> 00:21:09,184
And I failed you.
427
00:21:09,226 --> 00:21:11,687
[Rhodes] I worked two years
for the Democratic
428
00:21:11,728 --> 00:21:13,981
Vice Chairman
of the 9/11 Commission,
429
00:21:14,022 --> 00:21:16,984
and one of the areas
of research that I did for him
430
00:21:17,025 --> 00:21:19,319
was Saudi Arabia, and...
431
00:21:19,361 --> 00:21:22,948
and, um, you know,
432
00:21:22,990 --> 00:21:25,409
as someone who witnessed 9/11,
who's a New Yorker,
433
00:21:25,450 --> 00:21:26,827
it wasn't just the reality
434
00:21:26,868 --> 00:21:30,080
that 15 of the 19 hijackers
were Saudi
435
00:21:30,122 --> 00:21:32,958
but also that a lot
of the financing for al-Qaeda
436
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,627
came from wealthy
Saudi individuals.
437
00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:37,337
[indistinct chatter]
438
00:21:37,379 --> 00:21:40,132
[Rundell] You gotta remember
that the 3,000 dead Americans
439
00:21:40,173 --> 00:21:41,675
were not the result
of anything
440
00:21:41,717 --> 00:21:43,719
that the Saudi government did.
441
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,221
You could argue
that by supporting
442
00:21:46,263 --> 00:21:48,140
the mujahideen
in the first place,
443
00:21:48,181 --> 00:21:51,393
they had encouraged
this idea of jihad,
444
00:21:51,435 --> 00:21:53,562
and I think
that's-that's fair enough.
445
00:21:53,603 --> 00:21:54,563
So had we.
446
00:21:54,604 --> 00:21:57,107
447
00:21:57,149 --> 00:21:59,735
[Wright] I don't know
if Jamal had regrets
448
00:21:59,776 --> 00:22:02,237
about his past life.
449
00:22:02,279 --> 00:22:04,781
He did evolve
away from things.
450
00:22:06,158 --> 00:22:08,785
Jamal looked at bin Laden
with stars in his eyes
451
00:22:08,827 --> 00:22:13,040
when he was young, and then
he became disillusioned.
452
00:22:13,081 --> 00:22:17,127
He began to hate what
bin Laden had become and...
453
00:22:17,169 --> 00:22:21,298
you know, and what he had done
to Saudi society and to Islam.
454
00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:24,092
So he became
a Saudi defender
455
00:22:24,134 --> 00:22:26,887
and a supporter
of the royal family.
456
00:22:26,928 --> 00:22:28,221
[phone rings]
457
00:22:28,263 --> 00:22:31,224
tense music
458
00:22:33,393 --> 00:22:36,229
[bin Laden] speaking Arabic
459
00:22:44,696 --> 00:22:48,033
[Anas] speaking Arabic
460
00:23:13,350 --> 00:23:15,811
[Salem]
Jamal was a loyal Saudi.
461
00:23:15,852 --> 00:23:19,981
And I think how he defined
that loyalty over time
462
00:23:20,023 --> 00:23:22,442
clearly evolved and changed,
463
00:23:22,484 --> 00:23:24,277
as did the kingdom itself.
464
00:23:24,319 --> 00:23:29,116
He may have seen it
as the least bad option.
465
00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:32,411
I met Jamal
when I was working
466
00:23:32,452 --> 00:23:34,246
at the Middle East Institute.
467
00:23:34,287 --> 00:23:36,373
He was like a big teddy bear.
468
00:23:36,415 --> 00:23:38,166
There was just a genuineness.
469
00:23:38,208 --> 00:23:41,920
Always a smile,
even in the worst of times.
470
00:23:41,962 --> 00:23:45,090
He, in many ways,
was like a big brother to me.
471
00:23:45,132 --> 00:23:47,050
That was our relationship.
472
00:23:47,092 --> 00:23:48,385
[all] speaking Arabic
473
00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:51,638
[Salem] At the time,
he worked for the al-Faisals,
474
00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:54,558
who were seen as sort of
the intelligentsia
475
00:23:54,599 --> 00:23:56,810
of the royal family.
476
00:23:57,519 --> 00:23:59,855
[Brennan] The Saudis
were rather reluctant partners
477
00:23:59,896 --> 00:24:01,231
after 9/11,
478
00:24:01,273 --> 00:24:03,692
but Turki al-Faisal
was well-known
479
00:24:03,733 --> 00:24:05,527
for believing strongly
in the importance
480
00:24:05,569 --> 00:24:07,362
of a U.S.-Saudi relationship.
481
00:24:07,404 --> 00:24:11,158
He was my counterpart
in Saudi Arabia in the '90s.
482
00:24:11,199 --> 00:24:12,909
King Fahd was ill and infirm
483
00:24:12,951 --> 00:24:15,454
and not in day-to-day charge
of the government,
484
00:24:15,495 --> 00:24:17,831
and so Turki was determined
to make sure
485
00:24:17,873 --> 00:24:20,375
that that relationship
between Riyadh and Washington
486
00:24:20,417 --> 00:24:23,128
was going to not just
remain strong
487
00:24:23,170 --> 00:24:24,880
but in fact be strengthened.
488
00:24:24,921 --> 00:24:28,508
[applause]
489
00:24:29,718 --> 00:24:32,220
There are those
who would have you believe
490
00:24:32,262 --> 00:24:35,098
that the current wave
of terrorism
491
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:38,768
springs from
and is or has been
492
00:24:38,810 --> 00:24:41,480
supported by Saudi Arabia.
493
00:24:42,481 --> 00:24:44,483
That is absolutely not true.
494
00:24:44,524 --> 00:24:46,318
[Brennan] After 9/11,
Prince Turki
495
00:24:46,359 --> 00:24:48,612
became Saudi ambassador
to London.
496
00:24:48,653 --> 00:24:51,031
Jamal was somebody
who had a good reputation
497
00:24:51,072 --> 00:24:53,825
in the international media,
and I think Turki thought
498
00:24:53,867 --> 00:24:57,287
that Jamal's voice
would be a useful one
499
00:24:57,329 --> 00:24:58,747
in trying to battle
500
00:24:58,788 --> 00:25:02,834
this very broad misimpression
501
00:25:02,876 --> 00:25:04,711
of Saudi Arabia as a whole.
502
00:25:04,753 --> 00:25:08,131
[train whistle blows]
503
00:25:08,173 --> 00:25:11,176
gentle music
504
00:25:11,218 --> 00:25:14,137
505
00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:17,641
[Wright] I went to London
and I met with Turki,
506
00:25:17,682 --> 00:25:20,936
and I spent a lot of time
with Jamal there.
507
00:25:20,977 --> 00:25:24,356
He seemed to be
enjoying London.
508
00:25:24,397 --> 00:25:28,568
When you are the spokesperson
for a senior prince,
509
00:25:28,610 --> 00:25:30,695
you're untouchable.
510
00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:33,990
Jamal was useful to Turki
511
00:25:34,032 --> 00:25:38,119
because he had credibility
among reporters, like me.
512
00:25:39,496 --> 00:25:41,623
[Obaid] Jamal and I
worked very closely,
513
00:25:41,665 --> 00:25:44,668
first in London
and then in D.C.
514
00:25:44,709 --> 00:25:46,628
He was older than me,
515
00:25:46,670 --> 00:25:48,088
and so the joke
within the embassy
516
00:25:48,129 --> 00:25:49,256
and within our friends
517
00:25:49,297 --> 00:25:51,716
was that I would call him
Uncle J.
518
00:25:51,758 --> 00:25:54,177
We became quite close.
519
00:25:54,219 --> 00:25:55,929
Mornings would start at 7:30.
520
00:25:55,971 --> 00:25:58,306
We'd be the first one
at the embassy.
521
00:25:58,348 --> 00:26:01,476
After work, we would
usually go have teas.
522
00:26:01,518 --> 00:26:05,063
And in a way, work never
ended at the embassy.
523
00:26:05,105 --> 00:26:06,856
He was always the nice guy
and I was the bad guy.
524
00:26:06,898 --> 00:26:09,734
I was always giving
a hard time to the press,
525
00:26:09,776 --> 00:26:12,571
and it was crisis
after crisis after crisis.
526
00:26:12,612 --> 00:26:14,823
On the contrary, the Saudis
actually have done
527
00:26:14,864 --> 00:26:16,449
a lot behind the scenes,
528
00:26:16,491 --> 00:26:17,492
but more importantly,
529
00:26:17,534 --> 00:26:19,536
you talked about
the American media.
530
00:26:19,578 --> 00:26:21,162
They've been the-they've been
the people
531
00:26:21,204 --> 00:26:22,372
that have been
raising the issue.
532
00:26:22,414 --> 00:26:24,624
The U.S. administration,
the Bush administration
533
00:26:24,666 --> 00:26:26,209
has not at all.
534
00:26:26,251 --> 00:26:27,460
It was very raw.
535
00:26:27,502 --> 00:26:29,045
America was very upset.
536
00:26:29,087 --> 00:26:32,465
We spent a lot of our time
defending the Saudi position
537
00:26:32,507 --> 00:26:34,676
vis-Ă -vis the attacks
of 9/11.
538
00:26:34,718 --> 00:26:36,261
The U.S. cannot go
accusing people
539
00:26:36,303 --> 00:26:39,514
of financing, uh, terrorism
by merely--
540
00:26:39,556 --> 00:26:44,311
[indistinct] by merely
unfounded intelligence reports.
541
00:26:44,352 --> 00:26:46,896
[Obaid] You had
a Bush administration
542
00:26:46,938 --> 00:26:50,400
that was still very close
to Saudi Arabia.
543
00:26:50,442 --> 00:26:51,526
Somebody asked me
the other day,
544
00:26:51,568 --> 00:26:53,320
was I pleased with the actions
of Saudi Arabia?
545
00:26:53,361 --> 00:26:54,404
I am.
546
00:26:54,446 --> 00:26:55,697
[Obaid]
And that was important,
547
00:26:55,739 --> 00:26:58,450
because without that,
the U.S.-Saudi relationship
548
00:26:58,491 --> 00:26:59,576
could not have continued.
549
00:26:59,618 --> 00:27:04,289
550
00:27:09,044 --> 00:27:11,379
It's up to us
to bankrupt the terrorists
551
00:27:11,421 --> 00:27:14,174
and those who finance them
so they will never again
552
00:27:14,215 --> 00:27:17,260
have the resources
to commit such atrocities
553
00:27:17,302 --> 00:27:18,428
against the American people
554
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:21,139
as we experienced
on September 11th.
555
00:27:21,181 --> 00:27:22,849
[Maloney]
The 9/11 families believe,
556
00:27:22,891 --> 00:27:25,060
and we've alleged formally
in a complaint
557
00:27:25,101 --> 00:27:26,227
filed in federal court,
558
00:27:26,269 --> 00:27:28,480
that members
of the Saudi government
559
00:27:28,521 --> 00:27:30,065
conspired with al-Qaeda
560
00:27:30,106 --> 00:27:32,317
for more than a decade
in funding them,
561
00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:34,986
financing them,
providing logistical support,
562
00:27:35,028 --> 00:27:38,657
and other means and methods
to keep them going.
563
00:27:38,698 --> 00:27:40,617
What we hear
from American officials,
564
00:27:40,659 --> 00:27:42,118
they are happy
with the cooperation.
565
00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:43,620
They are happy
with the information
566
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:44,663
they are getting
from the Saudis.
567
00:27:44,704 --> 00:27:46,247
They are getting
plenty of information
568
00:27:46,289 --> 00:27:48,833
about the case
of the 15 hijackers.
569
00:27:48,875 --> 00:27:51,753
[Clarke] How did money move
to bin Laden?
570
00:27:51,795 --> 00:27:53,963
Did it move
through Saudi banks?
571
00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:56,091
Were there wealthy
Saudi individuals
572
00:27:56,132 --> 00:27:57,217
who were funding him?
573
00:27:57,258 --> 00:27:58,927
There was a lot
of cooperation
574
00:27:58,968 --> 00:28:01,179
that we wanted
out of the Saudi government
575
00:28:01,221 --> 00:28:02,931
that we did not get.
576
00:28:02,972 --> 00:28:06,142
[Maloney] Our own government
withheld a lot of material
577
00:28:06,184 --> 00:28:10,021
to prevent us
from embarrassing the Saudis.
578
00:28:11,481 --> 00:28:13,775
There's obviously a lot
of political influence
579
00:28:13,817 --> 00:28:16,528
the Saudis still enjoy
in Washington, D.C.,
580
00:28:16,569 --> 00:28:18,780
and they made
their best efforts
581
00:28:18,822 --> 00:28:21,574
to prevent this lawsuit from
ever seeing the light of day.
582
00:28:21,616 --> 00:28:23,993
583
00:28:24,035 --> 00:28:26,121
[Soufan] I don't call
Saudi Arabia an ally.
584
00:28:26,162 --> 00:28:28,707
I never called
Saudi Arabia an ally.
585
00:28:28,748 --> 00:28:32,252
They always look to cover up
what they don't want
586
00:28:32,293 --> 00:28:34,254
the outside world to know
587
00:28:34,295 --> 00:28:36,381
about events and activities
588
00:28:36,423 --> 00:28:38,550
and networks
inside the kingdom.
589
00:28:38,591 --> 00:28:41,177
590
00:28:41,219 --> 00:28:43,388
[Clarke] You have to remember,
this was a government
591
00:28:43,430 --> 00:28:47,058
that was very sympathetic
to the Saudi royal family.
592
00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:51,271
And the Bush family had ties
going back for decades.
593
00:28:52,355 --> 00:28:53,857
I think the Bush
administration's
594
00:28:53,898 --> 00:28:57,235
number one goal
after 9/11 was Iraq.
595
00:28:57,277 --> 00:29:00,029
They sat down
the first week after 9/11
596
00:29:00,071 --> 00:29:02,574
and said, "Shall we go
into Afghanistan first?
597
00:29:02,615 --> 00:29:05,744
Or shall we go
into Iraq first?"
598
00:29:05,785 --> 00:29:07,579
I felt like a man from Mars,
599
00:29:07,620 --> 00:29:12,375
and I said to them,
"Invading Iraq after 9/11
600
00:29:12,417 --> 00:29:14,544
would be like
if Franklin Roosevelt,
601
00:29:14,586 --> 00:29:17,172
after Pearl Harbor, had said,
602
00:29:17,213 --> 00:29:19,257
'Let's invade Mexico.'"
603
00:29:19,299 --> 00:29:22,802
I didn't understand how these
very rational senior people
604
00:29:22,844 --> 00:29:24,679
had lost their mind,
605
00:29:24,721 --> 00:29:26,598
and I don't think
the Bush administration
606
00:29:26,639 --> 00:29:30,059
could have fought the Iraq War
without Saudi support.
607
00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:32,520
[indistinct chatter]
608
00:29:32,562 --> 00:29:34,022
[Bishara]
I think Saudi Arabia
609
00:29:34,063 --> 00:29:36,649
became even more
indispensable
610
00:29:36,691 --> 00:29:38,985
for the United States.
611
00:29:39,027 --> 00:29:41,112
Jamal Khashoggi
and Turki al-Faisal,
612
00:29:41,154 --> 00:29:45,825
they were champions
of Saudi-American relations.
613
00:29:45,867 --> 00:29:48,828
Never defended it.
Never justified it.
614
00:29:48,870 --> 00:29:50,955
They were champions of it.
615
00:29:50,997 --> 00:29:53,458
[Wright] Jamal
was the only Arab I met
616
00:29:53,500 --> 00:29:56,669
who was a supporter
of the war.
617
00:29:56,711 --> 00:30:00,340
By the time
the U.S. invaded Iraq,
618
00:30:00,381 --> 00:30:01,549
he struck me as a neocon.
619
00:30:01,591 --> 00:30:03,218
He was all in favor of it.
620
00:30:03,259 --> 00:30:05,470
speaking Arabic
621
00:30:17,190 --> 00:30:19,108
[Obaid]
He was nationalistic.
622
00:30:19,150 --> 00:30:21,361
He felt very much
involved in it,
623
00:30:21,402 --> 00:30:23,988
and so, you know,
it's times change,
624
00:30:24,030 --> 00:30:28,201
but a lot of people
don't know that side of Jamal.
625
00:30:29,118 --> 00:30:31,329
Jamal took it very personally.
626
00:30:32,330 --> 00:30:34,457
Some of the papers,
including The New York Times,
627
00:30:34,499 --> 00:30:36,459
insist on calling him
a dissident.
628
00:30:36,501 --> 00:30:38,211
Jamal was...
629
00:30:38,253 --> 00:30:39,295
[Bradley] You've
arrested reformers
630
00:30:39,337 --> 00:30:40,505
by the hundreds
and the thousands.
631
00:30:40,547 --> 00:30:42,090
No, no, no, reformers,
they were never
632
00:30:42,131 --> 00:30:43,258
arrested by the, uh--
633
00:30:43,299 --> 00:30:45,385
Peaceful demonstrators
who went into the street,
634
00:30:45,426 --> 00:30:48,471
there were many hundreds
of them arrested in Riyadh--
635
00:30:48,513 --> 00:30:50,473
The demonstrators...
those demonstrators
636
00:30:50,515 --> 00:30:54,060
were ans-they were answering
a call of an al-Qaeda activist.
637
00:30:54,102 --> 00:30:56,604
They were answering the call
of Sa'ad Al-Faqih.
638
00:30:56,646 --> 00:30:58,523
They were not
peaceful demonstrators.
639
00:30:58,565 --> 00:31:00,692
[Bradley] They were holding
Korans above their head,
640
00:31:00,733 --> 00:31:02,235
and they were
peaceful demonstrators.
641
00:31:02,277 --> 00:31:03,528
- They were unarmed.
- But again,
642
00:31:03,570 --> 00:31:05,405
there were no shooting;
they were released.
643
00:31:05,446 --> 00:31:06,614
[Bradley]
There was shooting.
644
00:31:06,656 --> 00:31:08,741
They shot rubber bullets
over their heads.
645
00:31:08,783 --> 00:31:10,827
The-uh, nobody was killed.
646
00:31:10,869 --> 00:31:13,037
Uh, they were all released.
647
00:31:13,079 --> 00:31:15,707
We don't have
this situation where we...
648
00:31:15,748 --> 00:31:19,002
where people demonstrate
in the streets and chaos.
649
00:31:19,043 --> 00:31:20,837
No, we don't have
any-any of that.
650
00:31:20,879 --> 00:31:22,088
Saudi Arabia is very stable.
651
00:31:22,130 --> 00:31:25,174
tense music
652
00:31:25,216 --> 00:31:30,221
653
00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:33,600
[Faris as Khashoggi] A country
as proud as Saudi Arabia
654
00:31:33,641 --> 00:31:37,020
doesn't take easily
to outside advice.
655
00:31:37,061 --> 00:31:39,147
Yet just because 15 Saudis
656
00:31:39,188 --> 00:31:42,734
committed the biggest
terrorist atrocity in history,
657
00:31:42,775 --> 00:31:44,944
some Americans are now calling
658
00:31:44,986 --> 00:31:47,405
for the imposition
of a foreign culture
659
00:31:47,447 --> 00:31:49,741
on our Muslim society.
660
00:31:49,782 --> 00:31:52,952
That is why we have
to fight back.
661
00:31:53,995 --> 00:31:56,581
Last November,
Prince Turki al-Faisal
662
00:31:56,623 --> 00:31:58,875
won a legal battle
against the families
663
00:31:58,917 --> 00:32:01,210
of September 11th victims.
664
00:32:01,252 --> 00:32:03,046
This was good news.
665
00:32:04,380 --> 00:32:05,548
The Bush administration
666
00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:08,635
still considers Saudi Arabia
a friend.
667
00:32:10,053 --> 00:32:13,723
But we do not know
what the future holds.
668
00:32:14,933 --> 00:32:18,686
[Bishara] Jamal's 30 years
in Arab media
669
00:32:18,728 --> 00:32:22,273
reflect Saudi relations
with the United States
670
00:32:22,315 --> 00:32:24,651
and Arab public opinion.
671
00:32:24,692 --> 00:32:28,988
He championed the cause
for American-Saudi cooperation
672
00:32:29,030 --> 00:32:32,158
against the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.
673
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,786
After 9/11, they worked
with the United States
674
00:32:34,827 --> 00:32:36,704
against Saddam Hussein
of Iraq
675
00:32:36,746 --> 00:32:39,958
and supported
the U.S. war on terror.
676
00:32:39,999 --> 00:32:42,627
At each and every junction
677
00:32:42,669 --> 00:32:45,421
in modern Saudi history
678
00:32:45,463 --> 00:32:48,549
and modern
U.S.-Saudi relations,
679
00:32:48,591 --> 00:32:51,427
Jamal was there
at that crossroad,
680
00:32:51,469 --> 00:32:55,473
either reporting,
explaining, or spinning.
681
00:32:56,265 --> 00:33:00,228
But he was taken by surprise
by the Arab Spring.
682
00:33:02,313 --> 00:33:05,650
[crowd] chanting in Arabic
683
00:33:12,365 --> 00:33:16,244
[Bishara] The Arab Spring
was indeed a revolution
684
00:33:16,285 --> 00:33:18,788
that shook Saudi Arabia.
685
00:33:18,830 --> 00:33:21,290
It was like an earthquake.
686
00:33:21,332 --> 00:33:24,836
In the past, you could always
count on the United States.
687
00:33:24,877 --> 00:33:27,547
But when it came
to the Arab Spring,
688
00:33:27,588 --> 00:33:30,299
they could not find help
in Washington.
689
00:33:30,341 --> 00:33:31,634
[all] chanting in Arabic
690
00:33:31,676 --> 00:33:33,052
[Bishara]
That was unprecedented,
691
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:36,264
that was unthinkable,
and it was so sudden.
692
00:33:36,305 --> 00:33:37,890
[all] chanting in Arabic
693
00:33:41,144 --> 00:33:44,063
[Karman] speaking Arabic
694
00:34:02,331 --> 00:34:03,875
[man] speaking Arabic
695
00:34:03,916 --> 00:34:06,753
[Soltan]
It felt like coming home.
696
00:34:06,794 --> 00:34:08,963
Seeing young Arabs
697
00:34:09,005 --> 00:34:11,007
take to the streets
698
00:34:11,049 --> 00:34:13,885
to realize that dream
699
00:34:13,926 --> 00:34:15,762
for self-determination,
700
00:34:15,803 --> 00:34:18,514
for liberty, freedom,
701
00:34:18,556 --> 00:34:20,933
bread, social justice
702
00:34:20,975 --> 00:34:22,810
was my dream coming true,
703
00:34:22,852 --> 00:34:25,229
and I couldn't
not take part in it.
704
00:34:52,215 --> 00:34:54,092
[all] chanting in Arabic
705
00:34:54,133 --> 00:34:57,220
light dramatic music
706
00:34:57,261 --> 00:35:00,181
707
00:35:00,223 --> 00:35:02,058
[Obaid] When the Arab Spring
kicked off,
708
00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:05,144
that was kind of our first
open disagreement.
709
00:35:05,186 --> 00:35:07,438
He was for what happened
in other countries,
710
00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:08,981
and I was against it.
711
00:35:09,023 --> 00:35:10,983
It called it
"the so-called Arab Spring,"
712
00:35:11,025 --> 00:35:13,694
because what does that mean
for other countries
713
00:35:13,736 --> 00:35:16,572
of which Saudi Arabia
is an ally and a supporter?
714
00:35:16,614 --> 00:35:20,076
dramatic music
715
00:35:20,118 --> 00:35:21,577
716
00:35:21,619 --> 00:35:23,246
[Brennan] At the time
of the Arab Spring,
717
00:35:23,287 --> 00:35:27,792
King Abdullah was viewed
as being somewhat skeptical
718
00:35:27,834 --> 00:35:30,503
of that
U.S.-Saudi relationship.
719
00:35:30,545 --> 00:35:33,714
He didn't support everything
that the United States did
720
00:35:33,756 --> 00:35:35,466
in the region,
and I think there were people
721
00:35:35,508 --> 00:35:37,343
who came in with
the Obama administration
722
00:35:37,385 --> 00:35:40,221
who had, oh, I think,
a rather jaundiced view,
723
00:35:40,263 --> 00:35:41,222
uh, of Saudi Arabia.
724
00:35:41,264 --> 00:35:43,391
There were problems
with the fact
725
00:35:43,432 --> 00:35:44,684
that these governments
726
00:35:44,725 --> 00:35:47,353
kind of couldn't keep a lid
on things anymore.
727
00:35:47,395 --> 00:35:50,606
I was in a group of advisors
728
00:35:50,648 --> 00:35:53,067
who were urging
President Obama
729
00:35:53,109 --> 00:35:57,029
to try to support
a transition to democracy.
730
00:35:57,905 --> 00:35:59,574
King Abdullah
of Saudi Arabia
731
00:35:59,615 --> 00:36:01,909
wanted to talk to Obama,
732
00:36:01,951 --> 00:36:03,786
and I remember
in that phone call
733
00:36:03,828 --> 00:36:07,665
King Abdullah was absolutely
livid about this,
734
00:36:07,707 --> 00:36:10,751
and his basic line was,
735
00:36:10,793 --> 00:36:12,753
everybody in that square
736
00:36:12,795 --> 00:36:15,798
is either a terrorist
or an Iranian agent.
737
00:36:16,549 --> 00:36:19,969
Which was just
patently not true.
738
00:36:20,011 --> 00:36:22,972
And President Obama
called Mubarak and told him,
739
00:36:23,014 --> 00:36:24,265
"Look, I think
you need to step down.
740
00:36:24,307 --> 00:36:26,225
I don't think these protests
are going to stop."
741
00:36:26,267 --> 00:36:28,311
[all] shouting in Arabic
742
00:36:28,352 --> 00:36:31,480
[Soltan] We were
at the presidential palace.
743
00:36:31,522 --> 00:36:34,358
We told the army generals
744
00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:37,236
that after this prayer,
745
00:36:37,278 --> 00:36:41,490
we were going to break through
and storm the palace.
746
00:36:41,532 --> 00:36:43,367
We said, "If you open fire
on the front line,
747
00:36:43,409 --> 00:36:45,036
there's 50,000 people
behind us.
748
00:36:45,077 --> 00:36:46,829
We're getting in regardless."
749
00:36:46,871 --> 00:36:49,498
I remember crying my eyes out
because I felt like
750
00:36:49,540 --> 00:36:50,958
this could be my last prayer,
751
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,836
that if they opened fire,
you know, this was worth it.
752
00:36:53,878 --> 00:36:56,756
[crowd shouting]
753
00:36:56,797 --> 00:36:59,258
[Soltan] We hear the
announcement on the P.A.
754
00:36:59,300 --> 00:37:02,428
[man over P.A. system]
speaking Arabic
755
00:37:15,066 --> 00:37:17,568
[crowd cheering wildly]
756
00:37:17,610 --> 00:37:20,988
uplifting music
757
00:37:21,030 --> 00:37:24,450
[all] chanting in Arabic
758
00:37:24,492 --> 00:37:29,288
759
00:37:42,927 --> 00:37:46,138
[Soltan]
It was the best of Egypt.
760
00:37:46,180 --> 00:37:49,100
And it was the best of
the Arab world at that time,
761
00:37:49,141 --> 00:37:51,811
best 18 days
of our generation.
762
00:37:51,852 --> 00:37:55,314
- [crowd cheering]
- [fireworks popping]
763
00:37:56,023 --> 00:37:58,484
It was...
764
00:37:58,526 --> 00:37:59,986
one hell of a time.
765
00:38:00,027 --> 00:38:01,779
[laughs]
766
00:38:03,239 --> 00:38:06,284
gentle music
767
00:38:06,325 --> 00:38:08,786
768
00:38:08,828 --> 00:38:11,789
[Faris as Khashoggi]
Egyptians did not need anyone
769
00:38:11,831 --> 00:38:14,667
to teach them how to be free.
770
00:38:14,709 --> 00:38:17,795
I saw them take to it
771
00:38:17,837 --> 00:38:20,631
like a human instinct.
772
00:38:20,673 --> 00:38:23,551
At the time, I was living
a new love story
773
00:38:23,592 --> 00:38:25,428
and a new marriage.
774
00:38:25,469 --> 00:38:30,349
Egypt was also living
its love story with freedom.
775
00:38:30,391 --> 00:38:34,812
It was the happiest time
for both of us.
776
00:38:34,854 --> 00:38:37,148
[Salem] Jamal was
a big romantic.
777
00:38:37,189 --> 00:38:39,942
In every sense, a romantic.
778
00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,361
You get swept up in it.
779
00:38:43,529 --> 00:38:47,033
Jamal loved strong,
intelligent women,
780
00:38:47,074 --> 00:38:50,119
and at the start
of the Arab Spring,
781
00:38:50,161 --> 00:38:54,582
he'd married a really
wonderful woman, Dr. Alaa.
782
00:38:54,623 --> 00:38:57,460
783
00:38:57,501 --> 00:39:02,256
And there is a certain romance
to revolutions,
784
00:39:02,298 --> 00:39:06,385
to the idea
that you can throw off
785
00:39:06,427 --> 00:39:08,262
the restrictions
786
00:39:08,304 --> 00:39:11,432
that seemed impossible
to shake
787
00:39:11,474 --> 00:39:15,436
and that you could think
and discuss ideas
788
00:39:15,478 --> 00:39:18,731
that were forbidden before,
789
00:39:18,773 --> 00:39:23,319
and that...that oxygen,
I think, is intoxicating.
790
00:39:23,361 --> 00:39:26,489
791
00:39:26,530 --> 00:39:29,367
[Obaid] Jamal was very open
about how happy he was
792
00:39:29,408 --> 00:39:31,744
that Mubarak had gone down.
793
00:39:32,578 --> 00:39:34,372
But he made a lot of enemies
794
00:39:34,413 --> 00:39:37,083
because of his writing
and his tweets,
795
00:39:37,124 --> 00:39:39,460
and I kept telling Jamal,
"Stop.
796
00:39:39,502 --> 00:39:40,544
You know, stop."
797
00:39:40,586 --> 00:39:42,546
We had a lot of arguments
about it.
798
00:39:42,588 --> 00:39:44,382
King Abdullah kept
getting angry at him,
799
00:39:44,423 --> 00:39:46,634
told him, you know,
"What you're writing,
800
00:39:46,675 --> 00:39:48,594
you know, relax."
801
00:39:48,636 --> 00:39:51,555
There was a sense
of a lot of worry.
802
00:39:51,597 --> 00:39:55,643
I would say the relationship
Saudi Arabia had with America
803
00:39:55,684 --> 00:39:57,269
started being very testy.
804
00:39:57,812 --> 00:39:59,855
The Saudis believed,
805
00:39:59,897 --> 00:40:03,442
uh, that we let Mubarak down,
806
00:40:03,484 --> 00:40:04,902
um, that he had been
807
00:40:04,944 --> 00:40:06,612
a very loyal ally
for 30 years,
808
00:40:06,654 --> 00:40:09,615
that he had done what we
asked him to do many times,
809
00:40:09,657 --> 00:40:12,451
and that at the first sign
of trouble,
810
00:40:12,493 --> 00:40:13,994
uh, we threw him under the bus.
811
00:40:14,036 --> 00:40:17,248
[all] chanting in Arabic
812
00:40:17,289 --> 00:40:20,876
Saudi Arabia was paying
people to protest.
813
00:40:20,918 --> 00:40:23,879
[all] chanting in Arabic
814
00:40:23,921 --> 00:40:25,756
[Rhodes] And ultimately,
this results
815
00:40:25,798 --> 00:40:27,842
in the Egyptian military
overthrowing
816
00:40:27,883 --> 00:40:29,677
a democratically elected
government
817
00:40:29,718 --> 00:40:31,512
with the backing
of Saudi Arabia.
818
00:40:31,554 --> 00:40:32,763
They funded it.
819
00:40:32,805 --> 00:40:35,516
They drove the media strategy
behind it.
820
00:40:35,558 --> 00:40:38,436
[Brennan] Saudi Arabia
and others were concerned
821
00:40:38,477 --> 00:40:40,896
that the Arab Spring
was going to,
822
00:40:40,938 --> 00:40:42,189
uh, go out of control.
823
00:40:42,231 --> 00:40:43,482
Nobody wanted that.
824
00:40:43,524 --> 00:40:45,484
United States didn't want that.
Saudi Arabia didn't want that.
825
00:40:45,526 --> 00:40:47,069
[man] It was reported
that Egypt's
826
00:40:47,111 --> 00:40:49,488
first democratically
elected president
827
00:40:49,530 --> 00:40:51,907
was no longer allowed
to leave the country
828
00:40:51,949 --> 00:40:53,492
and that the army
was deploying
829
00:40:53,534 --> 00:40:55,953
not just here
but on the streets.
830
00:40:55,995 --> 00:40:58,873
dark music
831
00:40:58,914 --> 00:41:01,125
[Rhodes] President Obama,
at this point,
832
00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:03,294
is kind of worn down by this,
833
00:41:03,335 --> 00:41:06,338
and we never followed through
on a policy
834
00:41:06,380 --> 00:41:08,841
that really prioritized
democracy promotion.
835
00:41:09,717 --> 00:41:11,510
Not only was that
kind of the death knell
836
00:41:11,552 --> 00:41:15,181
of the Arab Spring,
but it was also kind of,
837
00:41:15,222 --> 00:41:17,308
to me,
like a pretty cynical,
838
00:41:17,349 --> 00:41:19,685
you know, hypocritical thing.
839
00:41:19,727 --> 00:41:20,895
No, it's not cynical.
840
00:41:20,936 --> 00:41:22,229
See, these are naive--
I don't--
841
00:41:22,271 --> 00:41:23,522
I mean, I hate to tell
Mr. Rhodes,
842
00:41:23,564 --> 00:41:25,566
but these are-these are-
these are superficial, naive,
843
00:41:25,608 --> 00:41:29,028
and ra-rather fatuous
arguments.
844
00:41:29,069 --> 00:41:30,279
Uh, they may sell books.
845
00:41:30,321 --> 00:41:31,780
I hope he does sell
a lot of books,
846
00:41:31,822 --> 00:41:33,407
but, um...
[chuckles]
847
00:41:33,449 --> 00:41:36,285
...those-those--you know,
the role of the Saudis
848
00:41:36,327 --> 00:41:37,453
in global oil markets,
849
00:41:37,495 --> 00:41:39,663
the role of Saudi Arabia
in countering,
850
00:41:39,705 --> 00:41:41,499
uh, Islamic terrorism,
851
00:41:41,540 --> 00:41:44,335
you know, do you really want
a Saudi Arabia
852
00:41:44,376 --> 00:41:47,254
that looks like,
um, you know,
853
00:41:47,296 --> 00:41:49,548
what's happening
in Beirut or Syria
854
00:41:49,590 --> 00:41:51,467
or Baghdad or Tehran today?
855
00:41:51,509 --> 00:41:52,927
Is that really what you want?
856
00:41:52,968 --> 00:41:55,679
[indistinct chatter]
857
00:41:55,721 --> 00:41:58,849
[Soltan] When the military
coup happened,
858
00:41:58,891 --> 00:42:01,143
there were tens of thousands
of people
859
00:42:01,185 --> 00:42:03,854
that came out to protest.
860
00:42:03,896 --> 00:42:04,980
[all] chanting in Arabic
861
00:42:05,022 --> 00:42:07,107
[Soltan] The military
and security forces
862
00:42:07,149 --> 00:42:09,443
surrounded Rabaa Square.
863
00:42:09,485 --> 00:42:11,445
[all] chanting in Arabic
864
00:42:11,487 --> 00:42:15,115
[Soltan] They were coming in
like it was an armed group
865
00:42:15,157 --> 00:42:19,578
that they were coming
to basically ambush.
866
00:42:19,620 --> 00:42:22,373
[artillery firing]
867
00:42:22,414 --> 00:42:24,792
[people shouting]
868
00:42:24,833 --> 00:42:27,169
[car alarms blaring]
869
00:42:27,211 --> 00:42:30,214
desolate music
870
00:42:30,256 --> 00:42:35,511
871
00:42:42,810 --> 00:42:44,728
[Soltan] There were
people falling,
872
00:42:44,770 --> 00:42:45,771
people by your side.
873
00:42:45,813 --> 00:42:47,398
A bullet could hit you
at any time.
874
00:42:47,439 --> 00:42:49,733
[artillery firing]
875
00:42:49,775 --> 00:42:52,778
Shots fired
from every direction.
876
00:42:55,030 --> 00:42:56,782
Cars exploding.
877
00:42:56,824 --> 00:42:58,033
[car alarms blaring]
878
00:42:58,075 --> 00:43:00,077
And then I get hit.
879
00:43:00,119 --> 00:43:01,412
People start rushing at me,
880
00:43:01,453 --> 00:43:05,541
and they carry me
into a makeshift hospital.
881
00:43:05,583 --> 00:43:08,627
Everybody there was dying.
882
00:43:08,669 --> 00:43:11,797
[all] speaking Arabic
883
00:43:13,424 --> 00:43:15,342
[Soltan] There was this, like,
distinct smell
884
00:43:15,384 --> 00:43:17,303
of gunpowder and blood.
885
00:43:17,344 --> 00:43:19,888
[car alarms blaring]
886
00:43:19,930 --> 00:43:21,974
I remember just laying there.
887
00:43:22,016 --> 00:43:23,934
I closed my eyes.
888
00:43:23,976 --> 00:43:28,022
And that moment, I...
889
00:43:28,063 --> 00:43:30,649
I felt so helpless,
890
00:43:30,691 --> 00:43:35,112
so hopeless, I just...
891
00:43:35,154 --> 00:43:37,156
892
00:43:37,197 --> 00:43:40,451
Rabaa was the day
that the Arab Spring...
893
00:43:40,492 --> 00:43:42,828
that was the nail
in the coffin.
894
00:43:44,997 --> 00:43:46,665
[man] It was almost certainly
895
00:43:46,707 --> 00:43:48,751
the single bloodiest day
of events
896
00:43:48,792 --> 00:43:51,211
since the start
of the Arab Spring.
897
00:43:51,253 --> 00:43:55,007
Egyptian officials say
that 525 people were killed,
898
00:43:55,049 --> 00:43:57,134
though opponents say
the true number
899
00:43:57,176 --> 00:43:59,762
could be four times as many.
900
00:43:59,803 --> 00:44:02,806
[somber music]
901
00:44:02,848 --> 00:44:08,062
902
00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:15,319
There was the temptation
to support the revolutions.
903
00:44:16,403 --> 00:44:19,823
I believe it is
the right thing to do.
904
00:44:19,865 --> 00:44:22,743
But in my writing,
I do my best
905
00:44:22,785 --> 00:44:25,537
to just be a journalist
906
00:44:25,579 --> 00:44:28,874
and not become
a revolutionary.
907
00:44:31,043 --> 00:44:33,045
[Wright] The Arab Spring
was crushed.
908
00:44:33,087 --> 00:44:35,214
It was destroyed.
909
00:44:35,255 --> 00:44:38,300
And what the Arab Spring
stood for in large part
910
00:44:38,342 --> 00:44:40,052
was freedom of expression,
911
00:44:40,094 --> 00:44:44,556
and that had a profound
influence on Jamal's thinking.
912
00:44:44,598 --> 00:44:47,267
Suddenly he saw
that freedom of expression
913
00:44:47,309 --> 00:44:49,978
was the key to reform
in the Arab world
914
00:44:50,020 --> 00:44:52,439
and especially
in Saudi Arabia.
915
00:44:52,481 --> 00:44:53,774
[hammers banging]
916
00:44:53,816 --> 00:44:56,944
That's where
Al-Arab came from.
917
00:44:56,985 --> 00:45:00,322
Jamal saw the opportunity
to create a middle road,
918
00:45:00,364 --> 00:45:01,990
you know, his own channel,
919
00:45:02,032 --> 00:45:03,867
free of government censorship,
920
00:45:03,909 --> 00:45:07,454
but not attacking
the royal family all the time,
921
00:45:07,496 --> 00:45:10,416
and he was aided
by one particular
922
00:45:10,457 --> 00:45:11,875
royal family member,
923
00:45:11,917 --> 00:45:15,003
Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal.
924
00:45:15,045 --> 00:45:18,173
And at first, it seemed
like there might be room
925
00:45:18,215 --> 00:45:21,427
for an independent voice
in the kingdom.
926
00:45:21,468 --> 00:45:24,722
speaking Arabic
927
00:45:38,152 --> 00:45:41,280
[Obaid] Jamal always had
a very good relationship
928
00:45:41,321 --> 00:45:42,823
with Prince Waleed.
929
00:45:42,865 --> 00:45:46,535
You know, the infamous
investor, Mr. Citibank,
930
00:45:46,577 --> 00:45:47,953
that made a lot of money.
931
00:45:47,995 --> 00:45:50,831
So, you know, he's a very
well-known individual
932
00:45:50,873 --> 00:45:52,332
on the international scene
933
00:45:52,374 --> 00:45:54,918
and has always been
an outspoken member
934
00:45:54,960 --> 00:45:56,545
of the Saudi royal family,
935
00:45:56,587 --> 00:45:58,839
but at the same time, again,
very much like Jamal,
936
00:45:58,881 --> 00:46:02,050
always very much
within the construct
937
00:46:02,092 --> 00:46:03,677
of the loyalty to the king
938
00:46:03,719 --> 00:46:05,179
and to his country
and so forth.
939
00:46:05,220 --> 00:46:07,139
[woman] speaking Arabic
940
00:46:07,181 --> 00:46:10,309
[Salem] Jamal was so hopeful
about Al-Arab.
941
00:46:10,350 --> 00:46:13,061
He was trying to hire
the best and brightest.
942
00:46:13,103 --> 00:46:17,399
Anyone who worked
in Arab media knew of him,
943
00:46:17,441 --> 00:46:19,359
and even if you didn't agree
944
00:46:19,401 --> 00:46:21,236
with his positions
over time,
945
00:46:21,278 --> 00:46:23,238
it's hard not to admire Jamal.
946
00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:25,407
Stand by, camera one.
Stand by, sound.
947
00:46:25,449 --> 00:46:26,283
Cue.
948
00:46:26,325 --> 00:46:27,451
[Fawaz] Al-Arab news channel
949
00:46:27,493 --> 00:46:29,828
was gonna have
the best of everything.
950
00:46:29,870 --> 00:46:32,790
Even the owner,
Prince Waleed bin Talal,
951
00:46:32,831 --> 00:46:34,958
even he was aiming to be,
952
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:37,002
if not number one, number two
953
00:46:37,044 --> 00:46:38,462
as-as-as-as a start.
954
00:46:38,504 --> 00:46:41,131
[Al Shaikhli]
Jamal was very confident
955
00:46:41,173 --> 00:46:42,883
of the vision of the station
956
00:46:42,925 --> 00:46:46,553
and that he had the backing
of the royal family.
957
00:46:46,595 --> 00:46:50,390
We were all ready to launch on
the first of February, 2015,
958
00:46:50,432 --> 00:46:52,059
and everybody had that energy.
959
00:46:52,100 --> 00:46:54,061
You know, when the...
when you launch a station,
960
00:46:54,102 --> 00:46:56,772
there's always this...
an energy that comes with it.
961
00:46:57,689 --> 00:47:01,318
[Salem] For Jamal,
there was so much hope.
962
00:47:01,360 --> 00:47:04,571
Al-Arab was his last
great passion project.
963
00:47:04,613 --> 00:47:06,740
[woman] speaking Arabic
964
00:47:06,782 --> 00:47:08,992
In six, five,
965
00:47:09,034 --> 00:47:12,079
four, three, two, one.
966
00:47:12,120 --> 00:47:13,205
Go, [indistinct].
967
00:47:13,247 --> 00:47:16,291
exciting music
968
00:47:16,333 --> 00:47:17,584
969
00:47:17,626 --> 00:47:21,922
speaking Arabic
970
00:47:21,964 --> 00:47:25,384
[exciting news theme]
971
00:47:25,425 --> 00:47:27,219
[cheers and applause]
972
00:47:27,261 --> 00:47:30,764
[Fawaz] I turned around,
and I said, "Jamal, we did it.
973
00:47:30,806 --> 00:47:32,558
You can relax now."
974
00:47:34,518 --> 00:47:36,436
speaking Arabic
975
00:47:36,478 --> 00:47:39,857
I had my show
at eleven o'clock at night.
976
00:47:39,898 --> 00:47:42,276
I went back home,
thinking, "Okay,
977
00:47:42,317 --> 00:47:44,486
tomorrow we have to get up;
tomorrow's the next day.
978
00:47:44,528 --> 00:47:46,780
We have to start again."
979
00:47:47,406 --> 00:47:49,867
[Fawaz] I had
my phone ringing.
980
00:47:49,908 --> 00:47:53,161
I look at the phone,
I said, "Shit."
981
00:47:53,203 --> 00:47:55,163
[Al Shaikhli] Gentlemen
came to the station,
982
00:47:55,205 --> 00:47:57,666
to the master control room,
and they said
983
00:47:57,708 --> 00:47:59,918
we need to stop the broadcast.
984
00:47:59,960 --> 00:48:03,380
[Fawaz] They are really
asking us to shut down.
985
00:48:03,422 --> 00:48:05,799
We can't have anything
on the air.
986
00:48:05,841 --> 00:48:09,219
They ask to broadcast
just black.
987
00:48:11,513 --> 00:48:12,973
[high-pitched tone]
988
00:48:13,015 --> 00:48:15,767
And, uh, that was it.
989
00:48:17,769 --> 00:48:19,438
[man] Just three days
before the shutdown,
990
00:48:19,479 --> 00:48:21,857
a new king took the throne.
991
00:48:21,899 --> 00:48:24,943
Was that transition the issue?
992
00:48:26,194 --> 00:48:28,822
[inhales deeply, sighs]
993
00:48:28,864 --> 00:48:30,532
Um...
994
00:48:30,574 --> 00:48:33,285
yep.
995
00:48:33,327 --> 00:48:35,746
That-that was it.
That was it.
996
00:48:35,787 --> 00:48:37,623
tense music
997
00:48:37,664 --> 00:48:40,626
[people cheering]
998
00:48:40,667 --> 00:48:45,923
999
00:48:50,886 --> 00:48:52,179
[Rundell] King Abdullah dies,
1000
00:48:52,220 --> 00:48:56,934
and the new king is Salman,
and no one really expects
1001
00:48:56,975 --> 00:49:00,270
there to be
any profound change.
1002
00:49:00,312 --> 00:49:02,064
But within the first 60 days,
1003
00:49:02,105 --> 00:49:04,608
things began to change
pretty quickly.
1004
00:49:04,650 --> 00:49:06,318
The king,
first thing he did was,
1005
00:49:06,360 --> 00:49:08,695
he made his son
the defense minister,
1006
00:49:08,737 --> 00:49:11,490
and he began
to pretty radically change
1007
00:49:11,531 --> 00:49:13,909
the way the Saudi government
was structured.
1008
00:49:14,451 --> 00:49:17,120
[Soufan] King Salman
wanted to cut the wings
1009
00:49:17,162 --> 00:49:19,581
of anyone else
in the royal family
1010
00:49:19,623 --> 00:49:23,377
and keep everything inside
his own immediate family,
1011
00:49:23,418 --> 00:49:25,337
especially his son.
1012
00:49:25,379 --> 00:49:28,840
[Rhodes] Mohammed bin Salman
was not even 30 years old.
1013
00:49:28,882 --> 00:49:31,760
He was basically
an unknown commodity,
1014
00:49:31,802 --> 00:49:33,303
so there was something fishy
1015
00:49:33,345 --> 00:49:35,222
about the whole thing
from the start.
1016
00:49:35,263 --> 00:49:37,140
- [all] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]
1017
00:49:37,182 --> 00:49:39,142
[Rundell] Many people,
myself included,
1018
00:49:39,184 --> 00:49:41,645
recognized that this
was potentially
1019
00:49:41,687 --> 00:49:44,731
a very dangerous
and difficult transition.
1020
00:49:44,773 --> 00:49:46,316
[drums beating]
1021
00:49:46,358 --> 00:49:48,235
I tend to think
that Saudi Arabia
1022
00:49:48,276 --> 00:49:50,195
is more stable
most of the time
1023
00:49:50,237 --> 00:49:52,030
than most people do,
1024
00:49:52,072 --> 00:49:54,032
but even I
certainly recognized
1025
00:49:54,074 --> 00:49:57,327
that this was a real
potential problem.
1026
00:49:59,162 --> 00:50:00,998
[Rhodes] You had this sense
of foreboding
1027
00:50:01,039 --> 00:50:02,541
of, what's gonna happen here?
1028
00:50:02,582 --> 00:50:04,292
We were concerned.
1029
00:50:04,334 --> 00:50:07,212
- [drums beating]
- [crowd cheering]
1030
00:50:13,260 --> 00:50:16,388
uneasy music
1031
00:50:16,430 --> 00:50:19,391
1032
00:50:19,433 --> 00:50:22,019
[Wright] King Salman's
first act of censorship
1033
00:50:22,060 --> 00:50:24,229
was shutting down Al-Arab.
1034
00:50:24,271 --> 00:50:26,523
And Jamal, I think,
1035
00:50:26,565 --> 00:50:28,525
was caught short by it.
1036
00:50:28,567 --> 00:50:31,403
And it's notable
that the enforcer
1037
00:50:31,445 --> 00:50:34,114
of this first act
of censorship
1038
00:50:34,156 --> 00:50:36,742
was a man named
Saud al-Qahtani.
1039
00:50:36,783 --> 00:50:39,327
[woman vocalizing]
1040
00:50:39,369 --> 00:50:43,832
1041
00:50:43,874 --> 00:50:45,834
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
came into the royal court
1042
00:50:45,876 --> 00:50:47,419
as a media secretary,
1043
00:50:47,461 --> 00:50:50,255
and then his relationship
evolved there
1044
00:50:50,297 --> 00:50:52,424
and he basically
starting attacking,
1045
00:50:52,466 --> 00:50:55,761
organizing campaigns against
columnists, journalists,
1046
00:50:55,802 --> 00:50:57,554
what have you.
1047
00:50:57,596 --> 00:51:00,140
But more will come out
on Saud al-Qahtani's role
1048
00:51:00,182 --> 00:51:02,601
in the future,
because he ended up being
1049
00:51:02,642 --> 00:51:04,770
quite influential.
1050
00:51:04,811 --> 00:51:06,480
Al-Qahtani would tell
the editors
1051
00:51:06,521 --> 00:51:08,982
what they can write
and what they cannot write,
1052
00:51:09,024 --> 00:51:10,817
telling them,
"Put this on the front page.
1053
00:51:10,859 --> 00:51:12,319
Put this on the front,"
and Jamal,
1054
00:51:12,360 --> 00:51:14,946
he was very uncomfortable
with it.
1055
00:51:14,988 --> 00:51:16,198
I mean, you're a journalist.
1056
00:51:16,239 --> 00:51:17,699
Imagine if every two minutes,
someone's sending you
1057
00:51:17,741 --> 00:51:19,534
a message from the White House
telling you, you know,
1058
00:51:19,576 --> 00:51:20,911
"Don't write this.
Write this.
1059
00:51:20,952 --> 00:51:22,287
Put this on the front.
You can't take this"--
1060
00:51:22,329 --> 00:51:23,789
I mean, this is
what was happening.
1061
00:51:25,123 --> 00:51:28,085
[Rhodes] It was 2016,
and MBS had really started
1062
00:51:28,126 --> 00:51:30,670
getting his hands
onto the press.
1063
00:51:30,712 --> 00:51:33,090
And there was a group
in Yemen
1064
00:51:33,131 --> 00:51:36,259
who have always been
antagonists of Saudi Arabia.
1065
00:51:36,301 --> 00:51:39,262
And so MBS,
as defense minister,
1066
00:51:39,304 --> 00:51:42,349
basically decides
to go into Yemen
1067
00:51:42,390 --> 00:51:44,476
and take these-these guys on.
1068
00:51:44,518 --> 00:51:47,771
speaking Arabic
1069
00:51:48,688 --> 00:51:51,525
[jet engine roaring]
1070
00:51:51,566 --> 00:51:53,777
[Rhodes] The Saudi
invasion of Yemen
1071
00:51:53,819 --> 00:51:56,404
would never happen
without MBS.
1072
00:51:56,446 --> 00:51:59,616
MBS was using
the invasion of Yemen
1073
00:51:59,658 --> 00:52:01,827
as a means
of consolidating power,
1074
00:52:01,868 --> 00:52:04,746
as a means of getting
the armed forces
1075
00:52:04,788 --> 00:52:05,914
really under him.
1076
00:52:05,956 --> 00:52:07,374
[explosion booms]
1077
00:52:07,415 --> 00:52:09,292
[woman] To Yemen now,
breaking overnight,
1078
00:52:09,334 --> 00:52:11,545
Yemen erupting,
and Saudi Arabia,
1079
00:52:11,586 --> 00:52:13,547
backed by a ten-nation
coalition,
1080
00:52:13,588 --> 00:52:15,048
launching air strikes.
1081
00:52:15,090 --> 00:52:16,299
The U.S. is providing
1082
00:52:16,341 --> 00:52:18,176
logistical and intelligence
support.
1083
00:52:18,218 --> 00:52:21,680
- [explosion booms]
- [person shrieks]
1084
00:52:21,721 --> 00:52:24,015
[Soufan] The war in Yemen
was essential
1085
00:52:24,057 --> 00:52:26,810
to the rise
of Mohammed bin Salman.
1086
00:52:26,852 --> 00:52:30,313
And they thought
that they can go to Yemen
1087
00:52:30,355 --> 00:52:33,441
couple of month,
finish the war,
1088
00:52:33,483 --> 00:52:34,693
declare victory,
1089
00:52:34,734 --> 00:52:37,904
and then he will be the person
1090
00:52:37,946 --> 00:52:41,867
who is liked, loved, admired
1091
00:52:41,908 --> 00:52:44,035
in the Sunni Muslim world.
1092
00:52:44,077 --> 00:52:45,787
1093
00:52:45,912 --> 00:52:49,207
[Karman] speaking Arabic
1094
00:53:00,760 --> 00:53:03,680
[men] speaking Arabic
1095
00:53:06,016 --> 00:53:07,726
[explosion booms]
1096
00:53:11,855 --> 00:53:14,858
[child] speaking Arabic
1097
00:53:14,900 --> 00:53:17,903
somber music
1098
00:53:17,944 --> 00:53:23,033
1099
00:53:33,501 --> 00:53:36,838
[Wright] Tens of thousands
of people have been killed.
1100
00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:38,465
They've bombed hospitals,
1101
00:53:38,506 --> 00:53:42,177
UN facilities,
refugee camps.
1102
00:53:42,219 --> 00:53:46,264
Fifty thousand children
have starved to death.
1103
00:53:46,306 --> 00:53:50,518
America has assisted
in this genocide.
1104
00:53:50,560 --> 00:53:52,187
Not only have we supplied
the weapons,
1105
00:53:52,229 --> 00:53:55,732
we refueled the bombers
and the fighter planes.
1106
00:53:55,774 --> 00:53:57,734
We trained them.
1107
00:53:57,776 --> 00:54:00,987
In the Arab world,
it's known as
1108
00:54:01,029 --> 00:54:04,282
the Saudi-American War
on Yemen.
1109
00:54:04,324 --> 00:54:07,369
dramatic music
1110
00:54:07,410 --> 00:54:08,870
1111
00:54:08,912 --> 00:54:10,247
[Rhodes]
The war in Yemen
1112
00:54:10,288 --> 00:54:12,624
was a real humanitarian
catastrophe.
1113
00:54:13,875 --> 00:54:16,044
There had been other issues
that we were aware of.
1114
00:54:16,086 --> 00:54:19,339
Saudi Arabia had detained
a number of bloggers
1115
00:54:19,381 --> 00:54:21,007
and journalists.
1116
00:54:21,049 --> 00:54:24,302
They'd also had
a mass execution of Shia,
1117
00:54:24,344 --> 00:54:27,305
including some prominent
Shia clerics.
1118
00:54:27,931 --> 00:54:31,268
[Anas] speaking Arabic
1119
00:54:34,646 --> 00:54:37,941
[man] shouting in Arabic
1120
00:54:41,611 --> 00:54:43,029
[person wails]
1121
00:54:43,071 --> 00:54:45,657
[Rhodes] Our last trip
was in April of 2016.
1122
00:54:45,699 --> 00:54:47,701
- [indistinct chatter]
- [camera shutters clicking]
1123
00:54:47,742 --> 00:54:49,703
Thank you very much,
Your Majesty.
1124
00:54:49,744 --> 00:54:52,163
[Rhodes] President Obama
started to urge King Salman
1125
00:54:52,205 --> 00:54:54,416
to release
some of these bloggers
1126
00:54:54,457 --> 00:54:57,294
and journalists,
and with that...
1127
00:54:57,335 --> 00:54:58,712
[man] Mr. President...
1128
00:54:58,753 --> 00:55:00,005
[Rhodes] ...MBS stands up
1129
00:55:00,046 --> 00:55:04,801
and begins to lecture
President Obama, saying,
1130
00:55:04,843 --> 00:55:06,678
"You don't understand
the Saudi justice system.
1131
00:55:06,720 --> 00:55:09,347
Maybe we can get you a briefing
on the Saudi justice system
1132
00:55:09,389 --> 00:55:11,224
and how it works."
1133
00:55:11,266 --> 00:55:14,936
This was a very aggressive
presentation,
1134
00:55:14,978 --> 00:55:17,397
and I've-I've never seen
anything like this.
1135
00:55:17,439 --> 00:55:18,940
I mean, it's very unusual
for anybody
1136
00:55:18,982 --> 00:55:21,401
other than the president's
interlocutor to talk at all.
1137
00:55:21,443 --> 00:55:23,111
It's certainly unusual
for them to stand up
1138
00:55:23,153 --> 00:55:24,571
and kind of lecture the
president of the United States.
1139
00:55:24,612 --> 00:55:27,073
Thank you
for your hospitality.
1140
00:55:27,115 --> 00:55:28,241
[applause]
1141
00:55:28,283 --> 00:55:30,160
[Rhodes] Our view was,
they're clearly
1142
00:55:30,201 --> 00:55:32,537
waiting for whoever's next.
1143
00:55:34,247 --> 00:55:37,625
[crowd chanting "U.S.A.!"]
1144
00:55:37,667 --> 00:55:41,129
[man] It is my high honor
to introduce to you
1145
00:55:41,171 --> 00:55:44,049
the president of the United
States of America,
1146
00:55:44,090 --> 00:55:46,801
Donald Trump.
1147
00:55:46,843 --> 00:55:48,303
[crowd cheering]
1148
00:55:48,345 --> 00:55:49,387
[message chirps]
1149
00:55:49,429 --> 00:55:53,016
[Trump] I'm with you,
the American people.
1150
00:55:53,058 --> 00:55:55,268
[Obaid] So Jamal put out
a series of tweets
1151
00:55:55,310 --> 00:55:57,854
being critical of Trump,
1152
00:55:57,896 --> 00:55:59,773
and then we got a warning.
1153
00:55:59,814 --> 00:56:01,691
There was an official
statement put out
1154
00:56:01,733 --> 00:56:04,235
by the foreign ministry
where they basically said
1155
00:56:04,277 --> 00:56:05,945
that Jamal and I
didn't represent
1156
00:56:05,987 --> 00:56:07,572
the Saudi government, pft,
1157
00:56:07,614 --> 00:56:08,907
which is, okay, fine,
1158
00:56:08,948 --> 00:56:11,743
but that, I took as,
you know,
1159
00:56:11,785 --> 00:56:12,952
things are different now.
1160
00:56:12,994 --> 00:56:14,913
You know, there's
new guys in town.
1161
00:56:14,954 --> 00:56:16,915
Uh, it's time to be quiet.
1162
00:56:16,956 --> 00:56:19,793
dark music
1163
00:56:20,210 --> 00:56:23,463
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1164
00:56:49,197 --> 00:56:50,448
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
called him.
1165
00:56:50,490 --> 00:56:52,867
Told him, "You can't write.
You can't speak.
1166
00:56:52,909 --> 00:56:55,036
You can't tweet.
You can't do anything."
1167
00:56:55,078 --> 00:56:56,663
And I said,
"Let's just stop this.
1168
00:56:56,704 --> 00:56:58,248
There's no point
in continuing.
1169
00:56:58,289 --> 00:57:01,751
Clearly, we've become
persona non grata."
1170
00:57:01,793 --> 00:57:03,169
Jamal was very upset
about it.
1171
00:57:03,211 --> 00:57:05,964
He had a big name.
He was like, "What do I do?"
1172
00:57:06,005 --> 00:57:07,215
[woman] What will you do?
1173
00:57:07,257 --> 00:57:10,468
Like, will you be able
to go back to Saudi Arabia?
1174
00:57:10,510 --> 00:57:11,845
In principle, I can,
1175
00:57:11,886 --> 00:57:16,933
uh, but when I, uh, see how
many of my colleagues ended,
1176
00:57:16,975 --> 00:57:21,062
either, uh, jailed
or banned from travel, uh,
1177
00:57:21,104 --> 00:57:23,773
I-I-I...
1178
00:57:23,815 --> 00:57:25,275
uh, I think otherwise.
1179
00:57:25,316 --> 00:57:28,653
dramatic music
1180
00:57:29,195 --> 00:57:32,490
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1181
00:57:40,415 --> 00:57:42,083
[jet engine roaring]
1182
00:57:42,125 --> 00:57:45,336
[Salem] Jamal messaged me
from a new U.S. number.
1183
00:57:48,465 --> 00:57:51,509
He dropped off some bags
to hold at my apartment.
1184
00:57:53,386 --> 00:57:55,305
It's hard for me
to talk about Jamal
1185
00:57:55,346 --> 00:58:00,351
leaving Saudi Arabia because...
1186
00:58:00,393 --> 00:58:03,980
it pained him
1187
00:58:04,022 --> 00:58:05,857
literally until the end.
1188
00:58:05,899 --> 00:58:07,108
[sniffles]
1189
00:58:07,150 --> 00:58:08,902
1190
00:58:08,943 --> 00:58:11,654
Alaa was so upset with him,
1191
00:58:11,696 --> 00:58:13,823
and she had choices to make
1192
00:58:13,865 --> 00:58:16,326
because she had a travel ban
1193
00:58:16,367 --> 00:58:18,161
placed on her.
1194
00:58:18,203 --> 00:58:20,121
And it was impossible
to reconcile
1195
00:58:20,163 --> 00:58:22,832
because there was
no way out of this.
1196
00:58:22,874 --> 00:58:25,293
As long as she
was married to him,
1197
00:58:25,335 --> 00:58:27,545
there was no other option.
1198
00:58:27,587 --> 00:58:29,547
[jet engines whooshing]
1199
00:58:29,589 --> 00:58:33,426
The thing that I hope
that Alaa knows
1200
00:58:33,468 --> 00:58:36,179
is how much he loved her
1201
00:58:36,221 --> 00:58:39,224
and regretted the end
of their marriage.
1202
00:58:40,350 --> 00:58:44,020
[Wright] Jamal and I
were talking on the phone,
1203
00:58:44,062 --> 00:58:45,730
and he was very lonely.
1204
00:58:45,772 --> 00:58:49,317
You could see
that he was-he was...
1205
00:58:49,359 --> 00:58:52,695
he had made a huge sacrifice
in his personal life.
1206
00:58:52,737 --> 00:58:55,949
[Khashoggi] Unfortunately,
many think the people
1207
00:58:55,990 --> 00:58:57,825
of the Arab world
are not ready yet
1208
00:58:57,867 --> 00:59:01,621
for that luxury of choosing
their own leader,
1209
00:59:01,663 --> 00:59:03,915
and that's what we are
lacking until today.
1210
00:59:03,957 --> 00:59:05,416
[Wright] Can I just jump in,
one thing?
1211
00:59:05,458 --> 00:59:08,211
We shouldn't pass too quickly
over some of these reforms
1212
00:59:08,253 --> 00:59:11,506
being very important to
the future of that country...
1213
00:59:11,548 --> 00:59:13,091
But it was surprising to me
1214
00:59:13,132 --> 00:59:15,593
that we had
such different takes
1215
00:59:15,635 --> 00:59:17,428
on Mohammed bin Salman.
1216
00:59:17,470 --> 00:59:19,180
I saw him as a reformer.
1217
00:59:19,222 --> 00:59:21,307
[Bartiromo] Let me introduce
the vision
1218
00:59:21,349 --> 00:59:23,518
behind something
of a revolution.
1219
00:59:23,560 --> 00:59:26,396
Please welcome to the stage,
ladies and gentlemen,
1220
00:59:26,437 --> 00:59:28,189
His Royal Highness
1221
00:59:28,231 --> 00:59:30,483
Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
1222
00:59:30,525 --> 00:59:31,568
[applause]
1223
00:59:31,609 --> 00:59:34,112
[Rhodes] I found it to be
utterly bizarre
1224
00:59:34,153 --> 00:59:36,531
that at a time when this guy
1225
00:59:36,573 --> 00:59:38,908
is clearly cracking down
on dissent,
1226
00:59:38,950 --> 00:59:41,244
is, you know,
involved in this kind of
1227
00:59:41,286 --> 00:59:44,372
rash war in Yemen
that is killing people
1228
00:59:44,414 --> 00:59:45,957
and precipitating famine,
1229
00:59:45,999 --> 00:59:48,543
that he's getting great press
in the United States.
1230
00:59:48,585 --> 00:59:50,628
[man] Begin with Saudi Aramco,
a strong public debut
1231
00:59:50,670 --> 00:59:54,132
after raising a record
25.6 billion in the IPO.
1232
00:59:54,173 --> 00:59:56,009
[Rhodes] But of course,
the U.S. business community
1233
00:59:56,050 --> 00:59:58,928
was drooling over, you know,
an Aramco public offering
1234
00:59:58,970 --> 01:00:01,472
that could be worth
trillions of dollars.
1235
01:00:02,724 --> 01:00:05,852
Mohammed bin Salman
was vetted in Washington,
1236
01:00:05,893 --> 01:00:09,355
New York City,
Hollywood,
1237
01:00:09,397 --> 01:00:11,065
Silicon Valley.
1238
01:00:11,107 --> 01:00:14,235
Every major aspect
1239
01:00:14,277 --> 01:00:16,529
of American power
1240
01:00:16,571 --> 01:00:19,365
rolled out the red carpet
for this guy.
1241
01:00:19,407 --> 01:00:22,869
Mohammed bin Salman
is a trillionaire,
1242
01:00:22,910 --> 01:00:25,788
and that's
all these people saw.
1243
01:00:25,830 --> 01:00:27,832
Jamal Khashoggi's voice
was important,
1244
01:00:27,874 --> 01:00:29,751
because it was one of the only
dissenting voices.
1245
01:00:29,792 --> 01:00:31,169
I still see him
as a reformer,
1246
01:00:31,210 --> 01:00:34,255
but he is gathering
all power within his hand,
1247
01:00:34,297 --> 01:00:36,549
and it would be much better
for him
1248
01:00:36,591 --> 01:00:39,302
to allow a breathing space
for critic,
1249
01:00:39,344 --> 01:00:42,347
for Saudi intellectuals,
Saudi writers,
1250
01:00:42,388 --> 01:00:44,057
Saudi media to debate.
1251
01:00:44,098 --> 01:00:45,767
Uh, we've become
very good friends
1252
01:00:45,808 --> 01:00:48,436
over a fairly short
period of time,
1253
01:00:48,478 --> 01:00:51,898
and we are bringing back
hundreds of billions of dollars
1254
01:00:51,939 --> 01:00:53,191
into the United States...
1255
01:00:53,232 --> 01:00:55,902
[Wright] Trump recognized
a kinship.
1256
01:00:55,943 --> 01:00:57,195
They're rich
and entitled people.
1257
01:00:57,236 --> 01:00:59,030
They found common ground.
1258
01:00:59,072 --> 01:01:03,242
And the kingdom saw him
as a benefactor,
1259
01:01:03,284 --> 01:01:05,328
a kind of stooge
they could use.
1260
01:01:05,370 --> 01:01:07,330
...million dollars,
that's peanuts for you.
1261
01:01:07,372 --> 01:01:08,790
[chuckles]
1262
01:01:08,831 --> 01:01:09,874
Thank you, Mr. President.
1263
01:01:09,916 --> 01:01:11,918
[Wright] And so
Mohammed bin Salman
1264
01:01:11,959 --> 01:01:13,378
became Trump's man,
1265
01:01:13,419 --> 01:01:16,214
Trump's man
in the Middle East.
1266
01:01:17,882 --> 01:01:21,177
[jet engine whooshing]
1267
01:01:27,016 --> 01:01:30,061
[brass horns blaring]
1268
01:01:30,103 --> 01:01:32,146
1269
01:01:32,188 --> 01:01:34,649
[Rhodes] Trump's first
trip as president
1270
01:01:34,691 --> 01:01:37,610
is to Saudi Arabia,
which is totally bizarre.
1271
01:01:37,652 --> 01:01:39,070
I mean, uh,
every U.S. president
1272
01:01:39,112 --> 01:01:41,197
goes to Canada or Mexico.
1273
01:01:41,239 --> 01:01:43,449
To go to Saudi Arabia
on your first trip...
1274
01:01:43,491 --> 01:01:46,160
[chuckles]
...this-this is insane.
1275
01:01:46,202 --> 01:01:51,207
1276
01:01:51,582 --> 01:01:53,960
And when I saw
that famous picture
1277
01:01:54,001 --> 01:01:56,754
of Trump and Sisi
and King Salman
1278
01:01:56,796 --> 01:01:58,464
with, like, the orb,
I mean, it...
1279
01:01:58,506 --> 01:01:59,632
dramatic music
1280
01:01:59,674 --> 01:02:01,551
...that said it all.
1281
01:02:01,592 --> 01:02:03,970
You know,
Egypt's General Sisi
1282
01:02:04,011 --> 01:02:05,596
is a brutal dictator,
1283
01:02:05,638 --> 01:02:07,390
and King Salman killed
1284
01:02:07,432 --> 01:02:09,225
the promise
of the Arab Spring.
1285
01:02:09,267 --> 01:02:11,436
So clearly,
Trump was for sale.
1286
01:02:11,477 --> 01:02:14,021
I mean, the Saudi ambassadors
are going around here
1287
01:02:14,063 --> 01:02:15,523
telling everybody
that they've got
1288
01:02:15,565 --> 01:02:17,275
Jared and Ivanka
in their pocket.
1289
01:02:17,316 --> 01:02:20,111
- [men] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]
1290
01:02:21,320 --> 01:02:23,322
[Rhodes] Whatever MBS's
wish list was,
1291
01:02:23,364 --> 01:02:25,783
Trump was saying yes to.
1292
01:02:27,660 --> 01:02:30,288
So it was pretty clear
that there's
1293
01:02:30,329 --> 01:02:32,206
going to come
a point of reckoning.
1294
01:02:32,248 --> 01:02:35,126
tense music
1295
01:02:35,168 --> 01:02:37,795
1296
01:02:38,463 --> 01:02:42,008
[Anas] speaking Arabic
1297
01:02:52,226 --> 01:02:54,312
[woman] The massive purge
of princes
1298
01:02:54,353 --> 01:02:56,647
and one of the world's
best-known billionaires
1299
01:02:56,689 --> 01:02:59,150
all arrested by a man
who would be a king,
1300
01:02:59,192 --> 01:03:01,402
a man emboldened
by President Trump.
1301
01:03:01,444 --> 01:03:03,571
[Wright] On November 4, 2017,
1302
01:03:03,613 --> 01:03:07,366
these raids took place
all over Saudi Arabia.
1303
01:03:07,408 --> 01:03:10,620
[people yelling]
1304
01:03:12,121 --> 01:03:14,415
Many of the most prominent
businessmen,
1305
01:03:14,457 --> 01:03:17,710
intellectuals were rounded up,
hundreds of them,
1306
01:03:17,752 --> 01:03:21,339
and put in the Ritz-Carlton
in Riyadh.
1307
01:03:21,380 --> 01:03:24,634
1308
01:03:24,675 --> 01:03:26,886
And they were held for weeks,
1309
01:03:26,928 --> 01:03:29,931
interrogated, tortured.
1310
01:03:29,972 --> 01:03:31,599
Many of them
were hospitalized.
1311
01:03:31,641 --> 01:03:33,643
One guy, his neck was broken.
1312
01:03:33,684 --> 01:03:36,813
His body was covered
with electrical burns.
1313
01:03:36,854 --> 01:03:38,189
He was a general.
1314
01:03:38,231 --> 01:03:42,401
They were shaken down
by Mohammed bin Salman's man,
1315
01:03:42,443 --> 01:03:44,487
Saud al-Qahtani.
1316
01:03:44,529 --> 01:03:46,072
That was a coup.
1317
01:03:46,113 --> 01:03:49,325
1318
01:03:49,367 --> 01:03:52,328
[Soufan] Saudi Arabia
had different factions
1319
01:03:52,370 --> 01:03:53,454
inside the royal family.
1320
01:03:53,496 --> 01:03:56,374
Each one of these factions
have connections
1321
01:03:56,415 --> 01:03:59,210
to economic elite,
to business elite.
1322
01:03:59,252 --> 01:04:01,754
You have
the religious establishment.
1323
01:04:01,796 --> 01:04:03,506
But Mohammed bin Salman
decided
1324
01:04:03,548 --> 01:04:05,216
that there's only one faction
1325
01:04:05,258 --> 01:04:07,009
in the house of Saud,
and it's him.
1326
01:04:07,051 --> 01:04:12,265
1327
01:04:15,935 --> 01:04:19,355
[Salem] The ripple effect
from Al-Waleed
1328
01:04:19,397 --> 01:04:22,233
being arrested was tremendous.
1329
01:04:22,275 --> 01:04:24,902
Stock prices moved.
1330
01:04:24,944 --> 01:04:26,612
It was seismic.
1331
01:04:26,654 --> 01:04:30,157
Prince Al-Waleed
is an important investor,
1332
01:04:30,199 --> 01:04:34,120
the most well-known member
of the royal family
1333
01:04:34,161 --> 01:04:36,038
outside the kingdom,
1334
01:04:36,080 --> 01:04:39,083
very firmly within
the center of power.
1335
01:04:39,834 --> 01:04:43,796
[Wright] Prince Al-Waleed
had been Jamal's patron.
1336
01:04:43,838 --> 01:04:48,426
And suddenly, you see on TV
that he is powerless.
1337
01:04:49,302 --> 01:04:50,761
This is my Diet Pepsi.
1338
01:04:50,803 --> 01:04:53,055
[Wright] He is praising
his kidnapper
1339
01:04:53,097 --> 01:04:54,307
and telling everybody
1340
01:04:54,348 --> 01:04:55,600
that he's been treated
very well.
1341
01:04:55,641 --> 01:04:57,018
And all these rumors
really upset me.
1342
01:04:57,059 --> 01:04:58,477
- [woman] Okay.
- I mean, because now,
1343
01:04:58,519 --> 01:04:59,645
they-they went so far.
1344
01:04:59,687 --> 01:05:00,563
All lies.
1345
01:05:00,605 --> 01:05:01,814
You know, I've been always, uh,
1346
01:05:01,856 --> 01:05:04,150
all the time here,
at this hotel,
1347
01:05:04,191 --> 01:05:06,611
and, um,
everything has been fine.
1348
01:05:08,154 --> 01:05:10,531
[Wright] When I talked
to Jamal last,
1349
01:05:10,573 --> 01:05:12,825
he said he got out
just in time.
1350
01:05:12,867 --> 01:05:16,621
He would no doubt have been
in the Ritz-Carlton,
1351
01:05:16,662 --> 01:05:20,333
maybe in far worse
circumstances.
1352
01:05:20,374 --> 01:05:23,628
1353
01:05:25,713 --> 01:05:28,966
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1354
01:05:49,445 --> 01:05:52,657
1355
01:05:52,698 --> 01:05:55,534
[El-Atr] Jamal was very sad.
1356
01:05:55,576 --> 01:05:57,578
He lost hope.
1357
01:05:57,620 --> 01:05:59,246
I said, "No, take it easy.
1358
01:05:59,288 --> 01:06:00,122
You're free now.
1359
01:06:00,164 --> 01:06:01,749
You can express your opinion.
1360
01:06:01,791 --> 01:06:03,000
You have a freedom,
1361
01:06:03,042 --> 01:06:04,543
because not to say
your opinion
1362
01:06:04,585 --> 01:06:06,837
about what's happening,
that will kill you."
1363
01:06:06,879 --> 01:06:09,966
somber music
1364
01:06:10,007 --> 01:06:13,010
I know Jamal for ten years.
1365
01:06:13,052 --> 01:06:16,764
And we become
closer and closer.
1366
01:06:16,806 --> 01:06:19,392
I have a habit
to wake him up every day
1367
01:06:19,433 --> 01:06:22,019
seven o'clock in the morning
because he was lonely.
1368
01:06:22,061 --> 01:06:23,187
He was isolated.
1369
01:06:23,229 --> 01:06:26,357
1370
01:06:26,399 --> 01:06:28,776
This went for a while
1371
01:06:28,818 --> 01:06:32,697
until the middle of 2017,
1372
01:06:32,738 --> 01:06:33,823
he sent to me a message.
1373
01:06:33,864 --> 01:06:35,574
He said, "Hanan,
come and stay with me.
1374
01:06:35,616 --> 01:06:37,493
Come, and they won't see you."
1375
01:06:37,535 --> 01:06:41,831
1376
01:06:41,872 --> 01:06:44,166
I was very happy.
1377
01:06:44,208 --> 01:06:45,668
He's the man I wished,
1378
01:06:45,710 --> 01:06:48,254
but I didn't have a courage
to express it before
1379
01:06:48,295 --> 01:06:50,423
because he was married.
1380
01:06:50,464 --> 01:06:52,633
First time I managed
to come and see him,
1381
01:06:52,675 --> 01:06:56,137
it was to celebrate
his birthday in March.
1382
01:06:56,178 --> 01:07:00,433
Well, it was his half-birthday
party in March,
1383
01:07:00,474 --> 01:07:02,643
and he was dating
1384
01:07:02,685 --> 01:07:04,645
a really wonderful woman.
1385
01:07:04,687 --> 01:07:08,441
It was always fun
to have Jamal happy.
1386
01:07:08,482 --> 01:07:10,609
[El-Atr]
When we got married,
1387
01:07:10,651 --> 01:07:13,529
it was the most beautiful
day in my life,
1388
01:07:13,571 --> 01:07:15,364
and I will never forget.
1389
01:07:15,406 --> 01:07:17,658
1390
01:07:17,700 --> 01:07:19,702
I think I'm in a dream.
1391
01:07:19,744 --> 01:07:22,163
1392
01:07:22,204 --> 01:07:26,667
But he was very loyal
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
1393
01:07:26,709 --> 01:07:31,005
so he was feeling very bad
because he lost his hope.
1394
01:07:31,047 --> 01:07:33,340
1395
01:07:33,382 --> 01:07:36,510
He decide he have
to express himself.
1396
01:07:41,807 --> 01:07:44,268
[Soltan] Fall of 2017,
1397
01:07:44,310 --> 01:07:47,104
Jamal was in
self-imposed exile.
1398
01:07:48,189 --> 01:07:49,106
We met,
1399
01:07:49,148 --> 01:07:50,733
and he gave me
the biggest bear hug.
1400
01:07:50,775 --> 01:07:53,736
It was really, really warm,
and then he started crying.
1401
01:07:53,778 --> 01:07:56,697
He said, "I left my country.
1402
01:07:56,739 --> 01:08:00,659
I left my family behind
for freedom,
1403
01:08:00,701 --> 01:08:02,411
just to be free.
1404
01:08:02,453 --> 01:08:06,665
And no one knows what that
feels like more than you."
1405
01:08:06,707 --> 01:08:08,334
1406
01:08:08,375 --> 01:08:09,710
I learned later
1407
01:08:09,752 --> 01:08:11,796
that his first
Washington Post article
1408
01:08:11,837 --> 01:08:14,256
was published that hour.
1409
01:08:15,049 --> 01:08:17,259
[Faris as Khashoggi]
"Saudi Arabia wasn't always
1410
01:08:17,301 --> 01:08:20,930
this repressive,"
by Jamal Khashoggi.
1411
01:08:20,971 --> 01:08:22,973
dramatic music
1412
01:08:23,015 --> 01:08:25,559
We spend endless hours
on the phone
1413
01:08:25,601 --> 01:08:29,021
trying to understand
the wave of arrests.
1414
01:08:29,063 --> 01:08:33,442
Are we going to be the core
of the Saudi diaspora?
1415
01:08:33,484 --> 01:08:37,029
Al-Hayat canceled my column.
1416
01:08:37,071 --> 01:08:40,241
The government
banned me from Twitter.
1417
01:08:40,282 --> 01:08:42,451
I spent six months silent,
1418
01:08:42,493 --> 01:08:45,955
reflecting on
the stark choices before me.
1419
01:08:46,956 --> 01:08:51,544
Years ago, when several
friends were arrested,
1420
01:08:51,585 --> 01:08:53,337
I said nothing.
1421
01:08:54,130 --> 01:08:57,508
I have made
a different choice now.
1422
01:08:57,550 --> 01:08:59,301
I have left my home,
1423
01:08:59,343 --> 01:09:03,097
my family, and my job,
1424
01:09:03,139 --> 01:09:06,892
and I am raising my voice.
1425
01:09:06,934 --> 01:09:12,189
1426
01:09:32,168 --> 01:09:34,336
[Obaid]
He wrote that first piece.
1427
01:09:34,378 --> 01:09:37,131
Next day,
his ex-wife calls me,
1428
01:09:37,173 --> 01:09:38,632
says, "Look what he just did."
1429
01:09:38,674 --> 01:09:40,509
Which, I was like, "But, Jamal,
we just talked.
1430
01:09:40,551 --> 01:09:42,636
What's going on?"
1431
01:09:42,678 --> 01:09:45,806
Clearly, something
had gone very wrong.
1432
01:09:47,057 --> 01:09:48,976
He had kept this very secret.
1433
01:09:49,018 --> 01:09:51,103
That shocked a lot of us,
1434
01:09:51,145 --> 01:09:52,938
and when it came
to Saudi Arabia,
1435
01:09:52,980 --> 01:09:56,317
I always believed
that his loyalty was strong
1436
01:09:56,358 --> 01:10:00,321
to his country
and to his king.
1437
01:10:00,362 --> 01:10:03,240
I felt that
I had been betrayed.
1438
01:10:03,282 --> 01:10:05,868
1439
01:10:09,288 --> 01:10:12,249
[Bishara] Jamal expressed
his opinion
1440
01:10:12,291 --> 01:10:15,502
from Washington,
the seat of power,
1441
01:10:15,544 --> 01:10:18,589
writing in the voice
of empire,
1442
01:10:18,631 --> 01:10:20,257
The Washington Post.
1443
01:10:20,299 --> 01:10:23,052
That could not be tolerated.
1444
01:10:23,886 --> 01:10:26,013
[Obaid] He started writing
this, saying these things,
1445
01:10:26,055 --> 01:10:28,182
and then
all these weird people
1446
01:10:28,224 --> 01:10:29,516
started getting to know him.
1447
01:10:29,558 --> 01:10:33,562
You know, uh, started to,
you know, hang around with him,
1448
01:10:33,604 --> 01:10:35,481
tweet things about him.
1449
01:10:35,522 --> 01:10:37,816
It became very bizarre.
1450
01:10:37,858 --> 01:10:40,819
[dark music]
1451
01:10:40,861 --> 01:10:43,280
1452
01:10:43,322 --> 01:10:46,242
[Maloney] Mr. Khashoggi
was publishing articles
1453
01:10:46,283 --> 01:10:48,744
that were critical
of the Saudi regime,
1454
01:10:48,786 --> 01:10:52,331
and so we called him
to request a meeting.
1455
01:10:52,373 --> 01:10:55,084
Jamal Khashoggi
knew a lot of information
1456
01:10:55,125 --> 01:10:58,545
about al-Qaeda
and Saudi support for al-Qaeda.
1457
01:10:58,587 --> 01:11:00,965
So we wanted to talk to him.
1458
01:11:01,006 --> 01:11:03,175
The meeting
with our investigator
1459
01:11:03,217 --> 01:11:05,261
was the morning
of October 26th
1460
01:11:05,302 --> 01:11:07,304
in the Virginia area.
1461
01:11:07,346 --> 01:11:10,599
This was
a preliminary meeting.
1462
01:11:10,641 --> 01:11:13,185
It became clear
that Mr. Khashoggi
1463
01:11:13,227 --> 01:11:15,604
had a lot to say.
1464
01:11:15,646 --> 01:11:18,107
[Wright] The morning
that he's going to meet
1465
01:11:18,148 --> 01:11:21,443
with the investigator,
he gets a call from his son
1466
01:11:21,485 --> 01:11:24,697
in Saudi Arabia saying
that their travel permits
1467
01:11:24,738 --> 01:11:27,157
had been taken away.
1468
01:11:27,199 --> 01:11:28,867
So essentially,
the Saudi authorities
1469
01:11:28,909 --> 01:11:32,454
know that he's meeting
with this investigator,
1470
01:11:32,496 --> 01:11:36,875
and his children
are being held hostage.
1471
01:11:36,917 --> 01:11:38,961
[Maloney] The first thing
Mr. Khashoggi indicated
1472
01:11:39,003 --> 01:11:41,130
was the recent news
about his son's
1473
01:11:41,171 --> 01:11:44,633
inability to travel,
which upset him.
1474
01:11:46,176 --> 01:11:48,012
I used to be
a federal prosecutor,
1475
01:11:48,053 --> 01:11:51,640
and we had informants
that elected to testify
1476
01:11:51,682 --> 01:11:54,685
against their coconspirators.
1477
01:11:54,727 --> 01:11:57,146
If Jamal Khashoggi
had been an insider,
1478
01:11:57,187 --> 01:11:59,148
and he was,
and had information
1479
01:11:59,189 --> 01:12:00,691
that could be helpful to us
1480
01:12:00,733 --> 01:12:03,694
and was willing to meet
with us and discuss it,
1481
01:12:03,736 --> 01:12:06,780
that is a serious threat
to the Saudi government.
1482
01:12:06,822 --> 01:12:10,117
The question is,
to what extent
1483
01:12:10,159 --> 01:12:13,203
was the Saudi government
and the royal family
1484
01:12:13,245 --> 01:12:15,289
entangled with al-Qaeda?
1485
01:12:15,331 --> 01:12:16,665
Well, they were.
1486
01:12:16,707 --> 01:12:19,084
Going back before al-Qaeda,
1487
01:12:19,126 --> 01:12:21,045
they were funding
the mujahideen,
1488
01:12:21,086 --> 01:12:23,380
and King Salman
was the principal bundler
1489
01:12:23,422 --> 01:12:26,175
of all these contributions
to the mujahideen
1490
01:12:26,216 --> 01:12:28,594
and then later to al-Qaeda.
1491
01:12:28,635 --> 01:12:31,305
- [men chanting]
- [drums beating]
1492
01:12:32,056 --> 01:12:33,682
Jamal would have known
about that.
1493
01:12:33,724 --> 01:12:35,851
Jamal worked
with Prince Turki,
1494
01:12:35,893 --> 01:12:39,021
who had been the head
of intelligence,
1495
01:12:39,063 --> 01:12:41,023
and he facilitated
these meetings
1496
01:12:41,065 --> 01:12:43,859
with bin Laden in Afghanistan.
1497
01:12:43,901 --> 01:12:47,029
And who knows
what bin Laden told him?
1498
01:12:47,071 --> 01:12:49,698
I mean, is there a person
in the whole world
1499
01:12:49,740 --> 01:12:51,909
that knows more
about this relationship
1500
01:12:51,950 --> 01:12:53,202
than Jamal Khashoggi?
1501
01:12:53,243 --> 01:12:54,244
I don't think so.
1502
01:12:54,286 --> 01:12:56,622
[chuckling]
1503
01:12:56,663 --> 01:12:58,791
[Maloney] The Saudis claimed
that they enjoyed immunity
1504
01:12:58,832 --> 01:13:01,043
even if all our allegations
were true.
1505
01:13:01,085 --> 01:13:05,089
They hired lobbyists
in Washington,
1506
01:13:05,130 --> 01:13:09,426
and Saud al-Qahtani's name
appears on some of the forms.
1507
01:13:09,468 --> 01:13:11,804
His official title
had something to do
1508
01:13:11,845 --> 01:13:13,764
with media
and public relations,
1509
01:13:13,806 --> 01:13:15,140
but the easiest way
to describe him
1510
01:13:15,182 --> 01:13:17,142
is-is MBS's henchman.
1511
01:13:18,310 --> 01:13:20,729
Qahtani, on behalf
of the crown prince,
1512
01:13:20,771 --> 01:13:22,481
hired the lobbyists
1513
01:13:22,523 --> 01:13:25,442
specifically
to kill this lawsuit.
1514
01:13:27,486 --> 01:13:30,197
Jamal Khashoggi agreed
to a follow-up meeting.
1515
01:13:30,239 --> 01:13:33,784
He agreed to come to our
office here in New York.
1516
01:13:34,910 --> 01:13:38,789
What he would say and what he
would be willing to disclose,
1517
01:13:38,831 --> 01:13:41,250
we'll never know.
1518
01:13:41,291 --> 01:13:44,586
tense music
1519
01:13:49,174 --> 01:13:52,136
[brakes squealing]
1520
01:13:55,347 --> 01:13:58,642
[messages chirping]
1521
01:14:08,652 --> 01:14:12,698
[Salem] Saud al-Qahtani
unleashed hell on Jamal--
1522
01:14:12,739 --> 01:14:15,659
the trolls, the bots,
whatever they are,
1523
01:14:15,701 --> 01:14:20,622
the turning of friends
and former colleagues--
1524
01:14:20,664 --> 01:14:21,957
all of that.
1525
01:14:21,999 --> 01:14:24,084
He was threatened
and intimidated all the time.
1526
01:14:24,126 --> 01:14:26,545
Of course it was orchestrated.
1527
01:14:26,587 --> 01:14:28,964
And Jamal knew that.
1528
01:14:31,049 --> 01:14:34,470
[Soltan]
It was November of 2017.
1529
01:14:34,511 --> 01:14:36,430
We were on our way
to grab dinner,
1530
01:14:36,472 --> 01:14:39,683
and he says, "Guess what.
1531
01:14:39,725 --> 01:14:42,644
Saud al-Qahtani
sent me a DM on Twitter.
1532
01:14:42,686 --> 01:14:44,980
Yeah, he wants to talk."
1533
01:14:45,022 --> 01:14:48,817
And you can hear the fear
in his voice.
1534
01:14:48,859 --> 01:14:52,779
He answers the call,
puts it on speaker.
1535
01:14:52,821 --> 01:14:54,865
Saud al-Qahtani starts off,
1536
01:14:54,907 --> 01:14:59,369
says, "I am calling on behalf
of His Royal Highness
1537
01:14:59,411 --> 01:15:01,330
Mohammed bin Salman.
1538
01:15:01,371 --> 01:15:04,541
He's watching.
He follows your work."
1539
01:15:04,583 --> 01:15:06,835
So Jamal, he says,
1540
01:15:06,877 --> 01:15:09,505
"Please send
my warmest regards
1541
01:15:09,546 --> 01:15:11,423
to His Royal Highness
1542
01:15:11,465 --> 01:15:13,175
and convey to him
1543
01:15:13,217 --> 01:15:16,553
that when there are
positive reforms happening,
1544
01:15:16,595 --> 01:15:20,098
we will most definitely
welcome them.
1545
01:15:20,140 --> 01:15:24,853
When there are transgressions,
we will be critical."
1546
01:15:25,812 --> 01:15:27,981
This was a moment
that I realized
1547
01:15:28,023 --> 01:15:31,485
this is a noble man;
this is a courageous man.
1548
01:15:31,527 --> 01:15:33,654
This man was very serious
1549
01:15:33,695 --> 01:15:36,448
about the evolution
that he was making.
1550
01:15:36,490 --> 01:15:38,742
[birds chirping]
1551
01:15:42,746 --> 01:15:44,706
[El-Atr] If you hear
Jamal was faithful
1552
01:15:44,748 --> 01:15:47,876
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
this is the truth.
1553
01:15:47,918 --> 01:15:49,878
He used to defend them.
1554
01:15:51,463 --> 01:15:55,551
But he think his duty
is to advise,
1555
01:15:55,592 --> 01:15:56,802
to say his opinion
1556
01:15:56,843 --> 01:15:59,429
before things lead
to a bad stage.
1557
01:16:00,597 --> 01:16:03,517
[Soltan] Jamal had asked me
to be on the lookout,
1558
01:16:03,559 --> 01:16:06,270
kind of play matchmaker.
[chuckles]
1559
01:16:06,311 --> 01:16:08,564
And I tried; I tried
connecting him to someone.
1560
01:16:08,605 --> 01:16:13,026
1561
01:16:13,068 --> 01:16:14,611
He was very, very lonely.
1562
01:16:14,653 --> 01:16:17,364
He had just
gotten a divorce.
1563
01:16:17,406 --> 01:16:20,534
I didn't know about Hanan.
1564
01:16:20,576 --> 01:16:21,827
[El-Atr]
After we got married,
1565
01:16:21,868 --> 01:16:25,706
Jamal want to spend
as much time together.
1566
01:16:25,747 --> 01:16:28,000
He doesn't want anyone
to take him away from me,
1567
01:16:28,041 --> 01:16:30,460
and that's why
we don't even like
1568
01:16:30,502 --> 01:16:32,045
to go and spend long time out.
1569
01:16:32,087 --> 01:16:35,299
We want to be just together
away from people.
1570
01:16:35,340 --> 01:16:37,593
1571
01:16:37,634 --> 01:16:39,553
[Soltan] If you interview
anybody that tells you
1572
01:16:39,595 --> 01:16:42,180
that they know every aspect
of Jamal's life,
1573
01:16:42,222 --> 01:16:45,559
they are 100% lying to you.
1574
01:16:45,601 --> 01:16:48,729
Jamal chose what information
1575
01:16:48,770 --> 01:16:51,940
he shared with each person.
1576
01:16:54,192 --> 01:16:56,653
This will be broadcasted
in a few days,
1577
01:16:56,695 --> 01:16:58,989
not, uh, right away, right?
1578
01:16:59,031 --> 01:17:00,115
[woman] It'll be, um--
1579
01:17:00,157 --> 01:17:02,367
It'll go on air, uh,
Tuesday night, actually,
1580
01:17:02,409 --> 01:17:06,038
the night that, um,
MBS is in Washington.
1581
01:17:06,079 --> 01:17:07,873
- All right.
- It will be after...
1582
01:17:07,914 --> 01:17:11,376
after MBS has met, uh, Trump.
1583
01:17:11,418 --> 01:17:13,045
All right.
1584
01:17:13,086 --> 01:17:15,464
[Soltan] He knew
what the stakes were,
1585
01:17:15,505 --> 01:17:19,092
and knowing
all of those stakes
1586
01:17:19,134 --> 01:17:24,097
and then still deciding
to go ahead
1587
01:17:24,139 --> 01:17:26,350
and speak freely
1588
01:17:26,391 --> 01:17:28,060
was very courageous of him.
1589
01:17:28,101 --> 01:17:30,354
[woman] And why did you
self-exile?
1590
01:17:30,395 --> 01:17:34,066
I just felt, uh,
whatever narrow space I had
1591
01:17:34,107 --> 01:17:36,943
was getting narrower,
and I just thought
1592
01:17:36,985 --> 01:17:39,237
it was better for me to leave.
1593
01:17:39,279 --> 01:17:43,617
And, uh, actually,
right after I left, uh,
1594
01:17:43,659 --> 01:17:45,243
arrests began to happen.
1595
01:17:45,285 --> 01:17:49,164
Many of my acquaintances,
friends, colleagues
1596
01:17:49,206 --> 01:17:52,376
were rounded up, and, uh-uh,
1597
01:17:52,417 --> 01:17:54,836
I-I always regret
being away from home,
1598
01:17:54,878 --> 01:17:58,840
but when, uh-uh, I see
what happened to them,
1599
01:17:58,882 --> 01:18:02,636
I-I think I did
the right choice, uh,
1600
01:18:02,678 --> 01:18:07,015
even though it is very hurtful
to be away from home.
1601
01:18:07,057 --> 01:18:09,434
[Soltan] My way
of consoling him was,
1602
01:18:09,476 --> 01:18:10,435
"Don't worry.
1603
01:18:10,477 --> 01:18:11,895
There's a lot of people
like you.
1604
01:18:11,937 --> 01:18:16,775
There's an entire community
of folks in exile.
1605
01:18:16,817 --> 01:18:20,028
And so you'll find comfort
in that community."
1606
01:18:20,070 --> 01:18:22,114
uneasy music
1607
01:18:22,155 --> 01:18:24,366
But he didn't find
that community
1608
01:18:24,408 --> 01:18:26,743
out here in Washington.
1609
01:18:26,785 --> 01:18:32,040
1610
01:18:42,217 --> 01:18:45,512
[Karman] speaking Arabic
1611
01:19:28,930 --> 01:19:33,018
[Faris as Khashoggi]
June 5, 2018,
1612
01:19:33,059 --> 01:19:35,437
in this age of error,
1613
01:19:35,479 --> 01:19:39,566
an Arab intellectual
rushes to praise the prisons,
1614
01:19:39,608 --> 01:19:43,653
to write against the Spring.
1615
01:19:43,695 --> 01:19:46,531
Another burns
the last of his history
1616
01:19:46,573 --> 01:19:48,533
and his forbidden books.
1617
01:19:48,575 --> 01:19:51,328
He says,
"We are not ready
1618
01:19:51,369 --> 01:19:53,163
for democracy and freedom."
1619
01:19:55,081 --> 01:19:59,503
It anguishes me to speak
with other Saudi friends
1620
01:19:59,544 --> 01:20:03,673
in Istanbul
who are also in self-exile.
1621
01:20:04,466 --> 01:20:08,053
I expect that I will
still wake up every morning
1622
01:20:08,094 --> 01:20:10,680
and ponder the choice
I have made
1623
01:20:10,722 --> 01:20:13,683
to speak my mind.
1624
01:20:13,725 --> 01:20:17,145
We are being asked
to abandon any hope
1625
01:20:17,187 --> 01:20:20,190
of political freedoms.
1626
01:20:21,274 --> 01:20:25,987
This is a Faustian bargain
that I will not make.
1627
01:20:27,280 --> 01:20:30,826
We are the kingdom of silence
no longer.
1628
01:20:30,867 --> 01:20:35,288
[somber music]
1629
01:20:35,330 --> 01:20:37,958
1630
01:20:37,999 --> 01:20:41,253
[El-Atr] Jamal in this time,
he was in Istanbul.
1631
01:20:41,294 --> 01:20:44,214
Istanbul, it's very open city
1632
01:20:44,256 --> 01:20:46,758
for different
Arabic background,
1633
01:20:46,800 --> 01:20:48,760
and there is a lot
of activity there.
1634
01:20:48,802 --> 01:20:52,055
He always go,
and he have friends there.
1635
01:20:54,432 --> 01:20:57,811
[Soltan] I called him
when he was in Istanbul,
1636
01:20:57,853 --> 01:21:00,355
and he said, "By the way,
I might be doing
1637
01:21:00,397 --> 01:21:03,441
three weeks in Istanbul,
three weeks in D.C."
1638
01:21:03,483 --> 01:21:06,403
So then I was like, "Oh, it
looks like you found someone."
1639
01:21:06,444 --> 01:21:08,530
And then he was like,
"Yeah, I did.
1640
01:21:08,572 --> 01:21:09,823
I really like her.
1641
01:21:09,865 --> 01:21:11,533
We're gonna get married soon.
1642
01:21:11,575 --> 01:21:13,660
I'll tell you all about it
when I get back."
1643
01:21:13,702 --> 01:21:15,996
somber music
1644
01:21:16,037 --> 01:21:19,457
[Salem] I didn't know
about Hatice.
1645
01:21:21,418 --> 01:21:23,420
I knew about Hanan.
1646
01:21:24,212 --> 01:21:27,424
But I-I didn't know
they had gotten married.
1647
01:21:27,465 --> 01:21:29,301
So I'll say this.
1648
01:21:29,342 --> 01:21:33,597
I think if you understand
the loneliness of that man
1649
01:21:33,638 --> 01:21:36,516
in that last year...
1650
01:21:36,558 --> 01:21:41,730
1651
01:21:42,230 --> 01:21:45,233
...I think things
that you can judge
1652
01:21:45,275 --> 01:21:48,445
so easily from outside...
1653
01:21:50,739 --> 01:21:53,241
...become a bit more nuanced.
1654
01:21:53,283 --> 01:21:58,496
1655
01:22:01,625 --> 01:22:04,085
[El-Atr] Last call
between me and Jamal,
1656
01:22:04,127 --> 01:22:07,255
he called to wish me
happy birthday.
1657
01:22:07,297 --> 01:22:09,299
My birthday is 30 September,
1658
01:22:09,341 --> 01:22:11,968
which is two days
before he disappear.
1659
01:22:13,678 --> 01:22:16,681
[Salem] He messaged
from Istanbul.
1660
01:22:16,723 --> 01:22:21,436
He said to me, "What if I just
go away to a desert island
1661
01:22:21,478 --> 01:22:25,231
for a couple weeks,
couple years?"
1662
01:22:26,149 --> 01:22:28,777
You know, he would-he would
come to me and say things like
1663
01:22:28,818 --> 01:22:33,865
he was doubting his resolve,
and he knew how I would react.
1664
01:22:33,907 --> 01:22:37,494
You know, a slap to the head.
1665
01:22:37,535 --> 01:22:38,745
"Jamal."
1666
01:22:38,787 --> 01:22:40,538
I remember saying these words,
1667
01:22:40,580 --> 01:22:42,582
'cause they will
forever haunt me.
1668
01:22:42,624 --> 01:22:46,461
I said, "You are in a war,
1669
01:22:46,503 --> 01:22:49,172
and you can't give up.
1670
01:22:49,214 --> 01:22:51,633
You can't disappear."
1671
01:22:51,675 --> 01:22:54,594
Those are the last words
1672
01:22:54,636 --> 01:22:56,179
I said to him,
1673
01:22:56,221 --> 01:22:58,598
and I had no idea
1674
01:22:58,640 --> 01:23:01,226
what I was even talking about.
1675
01:23:01,267 --> 01:23:04,813
1676
01:23:04,854 --> 01:23:08,233
So on the 28th of September,
1677
01:23:08,274 --> 01:23:12,278
uh, Jamal Khashoggi
and his fiancée, Hatice,
1678
01:23:12,320 --> 01:23:14,572
go to the consulate to get
1679
01:23:14,614 --> 01:23:19,119
an administrative piece
of paper for their marriage.
1680
01:23:19,160 --> 01:23:21,162
They tell him to come back
1681
01:23:21,204 --> 01:23:23,623
on the second of October
and that on that day,
1682
01:23:23,665 --> 01:23:25,875
they'll have the document
that he needs.
1683
01:23:25,917 --> 01:23:28,044
1684
01:23:28,086 --> 01:23:32,257
So the Turkish authorities
had somehow bugged
1685
01:23:32,298 --> 01:23:34,217
the Saudi consulate,
1686
01:23:34,259 --> 01:23:38,179
and almost immediately,
there are phone calls
1687
01:23:38,221 --> 01:23:41,391
between the consulate
in Istanbul
1688
01:23:41,433 --> 01:23:43,560
and, uh, Riyadh.
1689
01:23:43,601 --> 01:23:46,438
And in the first call,
1690
01:23:46,479 --> 01:23:48,356
it's a security attaché
1691
01:23:48,398 --> 01:23:52,736
who speaks to an intelligence
officer, Mutreb.
1692
01:23:54,070 --> 01:23:57,323
Mutreb explained
that Mr. Jamal Khashoggi
1693
01:23:57,365 --> 01:24:00,869
is indeed someone
that is being "sought"
1694
01:24:00,910 --> 01:24:02,120
and that they should proceed
1695
01:24:02,162 --> 01:24:04,539
with some kind
of, uh-of mission.
1696
01:24:04,581 --> 01:24:07,625
suspenseful music
1697
01:24:07,667 --> 01:24:12,922
1698
01:24:15,550 --> 01:24:17,635
This special operation
1699
01:24:17,677 --> 01:24:21,181
involved 15 people.
1700
01:24:21,222 --> 01:24:23,892
Saud al-Qahtani
met the team
1701
01:24:23,933 --> 01:24:27,228
before they left for Turkey
1702
01:24:27,270 --> 01:24:30,982
on the Saudi government's
private plane.
1703
01:24:31,024 --> 01:24:33,401
1704
01:24:33,443 --> 01:24:37,864
And Mutreb
was leading the team,
1705
01:24:37,906 --> 01:24:41,493
and like every other member
of the kill team,
1706
01:24:41,534 --> 01:24:45,413
he's a member
of the Saudi intelligence.
1707
01:24:45,455 --> 01:24:46,998
Mutreb in particular
1708
01:24:47,040 --> 01:24:49,209
had accompanied
the crown price
1709
01:24:49,250 --> 01:24:51,878
on some of this missions,
1710
01:24:51,920 --> 01:24:55,006
and he was someone
who worked closely
1711
01:24:55,048 --> 01:24:57,509
with Saud al-Qahtani.
1712
01:24:57,550 --> 01:25:02,806
1713
01:25:03,973 --> 01:25:06,351
[Obaid] Yes, it was Maher.
1714
01:25:06,392 --> 01:25:10,355
Maher was a, uh...
was an intelligence officer
1715
01:25:10,396 --> 01:25:11,898
that worked
at the Saudi embassy
1716
01:25:11,940 --> 01:25:13,316
in, uh, London at that time.
1717
01:25:13,358 --> 01:25:15,401
He was there
when we were there,
1718
01:25:15,443 --> 01:25:17,987
and, uh, I introduced them
at one of our
1719
01:25:18,029 --> 01:25:20,406
afternoon teas together.
1720
01:25:20,448 --> 01:25:22,325
We were colleagues
more than anything,
1721
01:25:22,367 --> 01:25:25,829
you know, and from time
to time, Maher would join us.
1722
01:25:26,871 --> 01:25:28,373
To be fair,
he was a nice guy.
1723
01:25:28,414 --> 01:25:33,670
1724
01:25:45,890 --> 01:25:50,311
[Callamard] Jamal Khashoggi
enters the consulate at 1:14.
1725
01:25:50,979 --> 01:25:56,025
He is directed to the office
of the consul.
1726
01:25:56,526 --> 01:26:01,739
1727
01:26:03,658 --> 01:26:08,621
He enters and finds
many people in that room,
1728
01:26:08,663 --> 01:26:11,416
and so you can hear surprise
1729
01:26:11,457 --> 01:26:13,543
because Mutreb
1730
01:26:13,585 --> 01:26:16,045
and Jamal Khashoggi
knew each other.
1731
01:26:16,087 --> 01:26:20,049
So when Jamal entered
the consul office
1732
01:26:20,091 --> 01:26:24,220
and saw Mutreb,
he did express some surprise,
1733
01:26:24,262 --> 01:26:29,225
but he welcomes Mutreb
in fairly warm terms.
1734
01:26:29,267 --> 01:26:32,270
The conversation
turns very quickly.
1735
01:26:32,312 --> 01:26:36,149
Mutreb is saying, "Don't
make it difficult for us."
1736
01:26:36,191 --> 01:26:38,902
And you can hear the fear
1737
01:26:38,943 --> 01:26:42,155
in the voice
of Jamal Khashoggi.
1738
01:26:43,865 --> 01:26:47,160
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1739
01:27:04,802 --> 01:27:07,847
tense music
1740
01:27:29,285 --> 01:27:34,499
1741
01:27:41,297 --> 01:27:43,841
[Callamard] The doctor himself
explained to Mutreb
1742
01:27:43,883 --> 01:27:48,513
that it will be easy
to dismember the body.
1743
01:27:48,554 --> 01:27:52,100
Joints will be separated.
It should not be a problem.
1744
01:27:52,141 --> 01:27:55,311
[saw whirring,
plastic crinkling]
1745
01:27:58,815 --> 01:28:01,818
[whirring slows, stops]
1746
01:28:01,859 --> 01:28:03,194
At 3 p.m.,
1747
01:28:03,236 --> 01:28:05,154
CCTV captured people
1748
01:28:05,196 --> 01:28:07,657
leaving the consulate
with plastic bags
1749
01:28:07,699 --> 01:28:10,493
with the remain
of Mr. Khashoggi.
1750
01:28:10,535 --> 01:28:13,371
The body parts
were carried out
1751
01:28:13,413 --> 01:28:16,666
in several bags
and handed over
1752
01:28:16,708 --> 01:28:20,003
to other individuals
who carried them
1753
01:28:20,044 --> 01:28:21,045
into the car.
1754
01:28:21,087 --> 01:28:25,258
And at 3:50,
those same camera
1755
01:28:25,300 --> 01:28:27,302
record a member
of the kill team
1756
01:28:27,343 --> 01:28:30,847
leaving the consulate
accompanied by someone else.
1757
01:28:30,888 --> 01:28:34,851
This man puts on
Jamal Khashoggi's clothes,
1758
01:28:34,892 --> 01:28:36,144
puts a fake beard.
1759
01:28:36,185 --> 01:28:38,521
Could not put on the shoes.
1760
01:28:38,563 --> 01:28:40,315
They didn't fit.
1761
01:28:40,356 --> 01:28:44,694
And it was the shoes
that prompted
1762
01:28:44,736 --> 01:28:47,030
the intelligence, uh, services
1763
01:28:47,071 --> 01:28:49,240
when they reviewed
all the CCTV
1764
01:28:49,282 --> 01:28:51,367
to say that's not Jamal.
1765
01:28:54,203 --> 01:28:57,665
But this is meant to pretend
1766
01:28:57,707 --> 01:29:01,669
that Khashoggi
left the consulate,
1767
01:29:01,711 --> 01:29:03,421
and we do not know
1768
01:29:03,463 --> 01:29:07,467
where Jamal remains are.
1769
01:29:10,553 --> 01:29:14,390
speaking Arabic
1770
01:29:26,861 --> 01:29:29,906
suspenseful music
1771
01:29:29,947 --> 01:29:34,619
1772
01:29:34,660 --> 01:29:38,247
[all] chanting in Arabic
1773
01:29:38,289 --> 01:29:41,542
1774
01:29:47,757 --> 01:29:50,426
[all] chanting in Arabic
1775
01:30:06,692 --> 01:30:08,945
[Brennan] Knowing what I know
about Saudi Arabia,
1776
01:30:08,986 --> 01:30:11,614
there is no way
that that horrific act
1777
01:30:11,656 --> 01:30:14,742
was carried out
without the blessing
1778
01:30:14,784 --> 01:30:18,287
and direction from the very top
of the Saudi government.
1779
01:30:18,329 --> 01:30:19,455
There's just no way.
1780
01:30:19,497 --> 01:30:21,040
[man] Senators
from both sides of the aisle
1781
01:30:21,082 --> 01:30:24,043
are receiving the CIA briefing
they have been demanding.
1782
01:30:24,085 --> 01:30:27,380
There's not a smoking gun.
There's a smoking saw.
1783
01:30:27,422 --> 01:30:29,215
You have to be willfully blind
1784
01:30:29,257 --> 01:30:30,925
not to come
to the conclusion
1785
01:30:30,967 --> 01:30:33,428
that this was orchestrated
and organized
1786
01:30:33,469 --> 01:30:37,849
by people in-under
the command of MBS.
1787
01:30:37,890 --> 01:30:39,350
[woman] Mr. President,
why are you siding
1788
01:30:39,392 --> 01:30:42,145
with the Saudis over your own
intelligence community?
1789
01:30:42,186 --> 01:30:44,063
Because
it's America first to me.
1790
01:30:44,105 --> 01:30:45,648
It's all about America first.
1791
01:30:45,690 --> 01:30:48,526
We're not gonna give up
hundreds of billions of dollars
1792
01:30:48,568 --> 01:30:51,070
in orders
and let Russia, China,
1793
01:30:51,112 --> 01:30:52,447
and everybody else have them.
1794
01:30:52,488 --> 01:30:54,490
It's all about, for me,
very simple,
1795
01:30:54,532 --> 01:30:55,616
it's America first.
1796
01:30:55,658 --> 01:30:59,662
1797
01:31:01,247 --> 01:31:03,374
[Rhodes]
Saudi Arabia can't exist
1798
01:31:03,416 --> 01:31:04,959
without the United States.
1799
01:31:05,001 --> 01:31:08,629
Their security guarantor
for decades
1800
01:31:08,671 --> 01:31:11,132
has been the United States.
1801
01:31:11,883 --> 01:31:14,010
The U.S. was in some way
responsible
1802
01:31:14,051 --> 01:31:15,553
for this man's death,
1803
01:31:15,595 --> 01:31:17,138
because the sense of impunity
1804
01:31:17,180 --> 01:31:18,973
we give Mohammed bin Salman
1805
01:31:19,015 --> 01:31:21,100
with this red carpet
treatment that he got
1806
01:31:21,142 --> 01:31:22,351
and the embrace from Trump
1807
01:31:22,393 --> 01:31:23,936
and nobody
really pushing back,
1808
01:31:23,978 --> 01:31:26,355
I think he thought he could
get away with anything,
1809
01:31:26,397 --> 01:31:27,857
and he was right.
1810
01:31:27,899 --> 01:31:30,193
And it's just
disgusting to see him
1811
01:31:30,234 --> 01:31:33,237
kind of grinning and
shaking hands with this guy
1812
01:31:33,279 --> 01:31:35,990
who just chopped up
another human being.
1813
01:31:36,032 --> 01:31:40,912
1814
01:31:40,953 --> 01:31:44,373
[camera shutters clicking]
1815
01:31:58,012 --> 01:32:00,097
[Bass]
Good afternoon, everyone.
1816
01:32:00,139 --> 01:32:01,557
This hearing
for the Subcommittee
1817
01:32:01,599 --> 01:32:03,976
on Africa, Global Health,
Global Human Rights,
1818
01:32:04,018 --> 01:32:07,104
and International Organizations
will come to order.
1819
01:32:07,146 --> 01:32:08,648
I note that a quorum
is present.
1820
01:32:08,689 --> 01:32:09,857
[gavel bangs]
1821
01:32:09,899 --> 01:32:12,527
[Rundell] We have both
political and economic reasons
1822
01:32:12,568 --> 01:32:15,196
to maintain a relationship
with Saudi Arabia.
1823
01:32:15,238 --> 01:32:17,573
Saudi Arabia
is a strategic ally,
1824
01:32:17,615 --> 01:32:21,160
and I do think that outweighs
the death of one person.
1825
01:32:21,202 --> 01:32:22,787
Yes, it does.
1826
01:32:22,828 --> 01:32:24,914
So there's
a paid political commercial
1827
01:32:24,956 --> 01:32:27,583
for Mohammed bin Salman,
but, uh, you know,
1828
01:32:27,625 --> 01:32:30,127
I-I believe that,
so any event, there you go.
1829
01:32:30,169 --> 01:32:32,129
I thought that needed
to be said.
1830
01:32:32,880 --> 01:32:35,216
[Bass] Ms. Cengiz.
1831
01:32:37,843 --> 01:32:40,096
[Hatice sighs]
1832
01:32:40,555 --> 01:32:43,766
speaking Arabic
1833
01:33:09,834 --> 01:33:13,170
somber music
1834
01:33:13,212 --> 01:33:16,007
[sobbing]
1835
01:33:16,048 --> 01:33:19,051
Oh, Jamal.
1836
01:33:19,969 --> 01:33:23,222
[indistinct chatter]
1837
01:33:25,850 --> 01:33:28,644
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1838
01:33:43,451 --> 01:33:47,163
1839
01:33:47,204 --> 01:33:51,459
[Salem] The best justice
for him is a young person
1840
01:33:51,500 --> 01:33:53,377
reading his writing,
1841
01:33:53,419 --> 01:33:55,171
knowing about him...
1842
01:33:55,212 --> 01:33:57,798
1843
01:33:57,840 --> 01:34:01,886
...being sure that those
that want him to be forgotten,
1844
01:34:01,927 --> 01:34:04,013
that they will not win.
1845
01:34:04,055 --> 01:34:09,310
1846
01:34:11,228 --> 01:34:15,691
Well, you know,
Jamal was a friend and, uh...
1847
01:34:17,860 --> 01:34:19,987
...America and the kingdom
1848
01:34:20,029 --> 01:34:23,074
have a toxic relationship,
1849
01:34:23,115 --> 01:34:26,035
and it poisons not only
our own societies,
1850
01:34:26,077 --> 01:34:28,913
but it's spread
all over the world.
1851
01:34:28,954 --> 01:34:31,040
The chaos, the wars--
1852
01:34:31,082 --> 01:34:33,542
America's had
a big hand in that.
1853
01:34:33,584 --> 01:34:35,586
And Jamal's been
in the middle of that
1854
01:34:35,628 --> 01:34:37,630
from his earliest days.
1855
01:34:37,672 --> 01:34:41,884
He embodied, in some ways,
that relationship.
1856
01:34:42,510 --> 01:34:44,136
But this contradiction
1857
01:34:44,178 --> 01:34:48,891
became so nakedly obvious,
you had to choose.
1858
01:34:48,933 --> 01:34:51,894
Which side are you on?
1859
01:34:51,936 --> 01:34:55,231
dramatic music
1860
01:34:55,272 --> 01:34:57,024
1861
01:34:57,066 --> 01:34:59,485
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The revolution is over.
1862
01:34:59,527 --> 01:35:01,904
Its most important values--
1863
01:35:01,946 --> 01:35:05,658
freedom, dignity,
and the right to life--
1864
01:35:05,700 --> 01:35:08,577
have fallen by the wayside.
1865
01:35:08,619 --> 01:35:11,706
The majority is unmoved
by the sight of the dead
1866
01:35:11,747 --> 01:35:14,542
when they belong
to the other side.
1867
01:35:16,669 --> 01:35:18,838
Divisions have even emerged
1868
01:35:18,879 --> 01:35:22,800
between the detained,
the refugee, the cynic,
1869
01:35:22,842 --> 01:35:26,887
and the dead that were never
celebrated as martyrs.
1870
01:35:28,180 --> 01:35:31,267
I can imagine a young man
returning home,
1871
01:35:31,308 --> 01:35:33,436
exhausted and bloodied.
1872
01:35:33,477 --> 01:35:36,939
He weeps
for his dead brethren.
1873
01:35:37,898 --> 01:35:41,569
Before going to bed
after Thursday's dawn prayers,
1874
01:35:41,610 --> 01:35:44,572
the young man
murmurs to himself,
1875
01:35:44,613 --> 01:35:47,825
"The revolution
is not over yet."
1876
01:35:47,867 --> 01:35:51,245
The will of the people
is still the law.
1877
01:35:51,287 --> 01:35:54,123
A new generation
must take the lead
1878
01:35:54,165 --> 01:35:57,501
and look to the future,
not the past.
1879
01:35:59,336 --> 01:36:02,882
One of the most beautiful
things I have ever heard
1880
01:36:02,923 --> 01:36:06,260
is the call of the Prophet.
1881
01:36:06,302 --> 01:36:10,765
In the beginning,
it is a call to freedom.
1882
01:36:10,806 --> 01:36:15,227
That dream of freedom
is alive in us,
1883
01:36:15,269 --> 01:36:17,229
ready to emerge again
1884
01:36:17,271 --> 01:36:20,441
with the first sounds
of emancipation.
1885
01:36:20,483 --> 01:36:23,652
[somber, stirring music]
1886
01:36:23,694 --> 01:36:28,866
171505