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Do you swear by the gods
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to loyally serve the Senate
and the people of Rome?
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I swear by the gods
to loyally serve the Senate...
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00:01:48,650 --> 00:01:51,820
After forming the Triumvirate
with Pompey and Crassus,
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Julius Caesar is elected consul,
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the most powerful position
in the Roman Republic.
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He rules an area
of a million square miles,
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and commands an army
of 150,000 men.
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For the former foot soldier,
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it's the crowning achievement
of his young career.
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Now, Caesar's first order of business
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is to repay the men
who brought him to power
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by passing their legislation
through the Senate.
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It is in the interest of the Republic
to compensate the men who protect it.
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00:02:50,795 --> 00:02:53,006
It is our procedures
that protect the Republic.
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Without them, we wouldn't be a republic.
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Without an army,
we wouldn't be anything at all!
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This legislation has been delayed
long enough.
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We are simply not in a position
to approve these allocations.
20
00:03:03,766 --> 00:03:07,312
It would be irresponsible
to rush their distribution.
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I move we postpone the vote.
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We are not postponing.
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That is up to the Senate.
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All those in favor of postponing the vote?
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With no other bills on the day's agenda,
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this session is hereby adjourned.
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Pompey and Crassus wanted Caesar
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to be consul because it would serve
their own interests.
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Part of the problem, of course, was that
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Caesar's measures themselves
were unpopular.
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Everyone could see that he was doing them
for Pompey and for Crassus.
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00:04:01,574 --> 00:04:02,408
I'll fix it.
33
00:04:03,409 --> 00:04:05,495
-How?
-I'll figure it out.
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00:04:05,578 --> 00:04:09,040
Will you? Forgive me if I don't have
much confidence.
35
00:04:09,165 --> 00:04:10,124
I'll get it done.
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00:04:10,708 --> 00:04:12,710
-If you can't...
-I said I'll figure it out.
37
00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:37,110
If Caesar can't get the Senate
to pass Pompey and Crassus' legislation,
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00:04:38,361 --> 00:04:40,863
he could lose his position
as consul of Rome.
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00:04:44,909 --> 00:04:47,829
So he takes matters into his own hands.
40
00:05:02,635 --> 00:05:03,928
With the use of street thugs,
41
00:05:05,179 --> 00:05:07,348
Caesar sends a message of intimidation.
42
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Targeting all the senators
who opposed him.
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Making it clear that at the next vote,
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things will be different.
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Those who support this bill
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00:05:30,705 --> 00:05:32,665
will be friends of the Republic.
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Any who oppose this bill,
oppose the good of Rome itself.
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All those in favor?
49
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The vote is unanimous.
50
00:06:08,076 --> 00:06:11,079
Caesar's resort to heavy-handed tactics
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00:06:11,287 --> 00:06:14,791
had a negative impact
on his reputation in Rome.
52
00:06:15,625 --> 00:06:18,961
His political rivals now saw him
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00:06:19,045 --> 00:06:22,465
as not merely a politician
who disagreed with them,
54
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but a dangerous person.
55
00:06:24,926 --> 00:06:28,554
Someone who would resort to anything
in order to get ahead.
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00:06:38,856 --> 00:06:41,025
Caesaer's strong arm tactics work
57
00:06:41,609 --> 00:06:44,362
and the Senate pass
the Triumvirate's legislation,
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00:06:46,322 --> 00:06:49,158
including generous tax cuts for Crassus
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00:06:50,034 --> 00:06:52,662
and the allocation of land
for Pompey's soldiers.
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00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:57,083
Crassus, Pompey and Caesar
are so powerful
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that if they agree what they want
to get done,
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00:07:00,044 --> 00:07:01,421
they can get anything done.
63
00:07:01,504 --> 00:07:04,215
They can force whatever they want
through the Senate.
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00:07:10,138 --> 00:07:13,683
The three become partners
in several of Crassus' businesses.
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00:07:14,892 --> 00:07:16,978
And for the first time in his adult life,
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Caesar is a rich man.
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For an alliance among three
deeply unsavory individuals,
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the Triumvirate proved
actually remarkably stable.
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They had been massively successful,
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and were enormously wealthy.
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00:07:45,673 --> 00:07:50,052
As consul, Caesar increases
his wealth a hundred times over,
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putting him in the upper echelons
of Roman society.
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00:07:55,308 --> 00:07:57,143
He buys a lavish palace,
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00:07:57,435 --> 00:07:59,604
throws extravagant parties,
75
00:08:00,104 --> 00:08:02,231
and can have any woman he desires.
76
00:08:04,525 --> 00:08:05,359
Hello.
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00:08:08,321 --> 00:08:10,656
He begins an affair
with a married aristocrat
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who's well-connected in Rome.
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Her name is Servilia.
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When we look at
the Roman Republic
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we can see a number of women
who were major power players.
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They've got wealth, they've got power,
they've got connections.
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Servilia is one of these.
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00:09:05,086 --> 00:09:06,087
What's your name?
85
00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:08,339
Brutus.
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You look just like your father.
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00:09:22,687 --> 00:09:24,438
While the Triumvirate become rich,
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Caesar's use of violence
turn the entire Senate against him.
89
00:09:32,113 --> 00:09:35,449
And because Pompey and Crassus
are worried about their own careers,
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00:09:36,701 --> 00:09:39,287
they decide Caesar must be replaced.
91
00:09:44,083 --> 00:09:45,376
This is working.
92
00:09:46,127 --> 00:09:47,253
So why change it?
93
00:09:48,421 --> 00:09:50,047
You've made too many enemies.
94
00:09:50,131 --> 00:09:51,382
I have done what I needed to do.
95
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And you got what you wanted.
You were a consul.
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You still need me.
97
00:10:01,726 --> 00:10:02,560
For what?
98
00:10:06,522 --> 00:10:09,275
I have fulfilled my end of the bargain.
99
00:10:14,030 --> 00:10:17,074
I'll make sure that you're appointed
a governorship.
100
00:10:19,493 --> 00:10:21,329
I'll even let you choose the province.
101
00:10:45,686 --> 00:10:47,563
Pompey is giving me a governorship.
102
00:10:48,648 --> 00:10:49,774
Congratulations.
103
00:10:51,817 --> 00:10:52,860
You knew about this?
104
00:10:56,947 --> 00:10:58,115
Why didn't you warn me?
105
00:10:58,824 --> 00:11:01,077
Actually, Pompey and I agree on this.
106
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I'm passing your legislation.
107
00:11:05,790 --> 00:11:07,833
I'm protecting your interests.
108
00:11:08,334 --> 00:11:09,502
You owe me!
109
00:11:11,128 --> 00:11:12,755
This isn't personal.
110
00:11:13,506 --> 00:11:14,590
It's just business.
111
00:11:22,098 --> 00:11:23,933
Caesar had won the consulship
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that he had been aiming after
for his entire life,
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00:11:26,352 --> 00:11:28,729
but he was planning on that being
the beginning of his career,
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not the end of his career.
115
00:11:33,442 --> 00:11:35,319
He had major plans for himself.
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They made it sound
like they were doing me a favor.
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Of course they did.
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They could have gotten me a second term.
119
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We could have pushed it through.
120
00:11:54,004 --> 00:11:55,965
And what would that have gained them?
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They know what they're doing.
122
00:11:59,009 --> 00:12:00,344
They want you out of Rome.
123
00:12:02,388 --> 00:12:03,347
Well, I'm not going.
124
00:12:05,266 --> 00:12:07,727
Where did Crassus make his fortunes?
125
00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:11,397
Where did Pompey win his armies?
126
00:12:14,692 --> 00:12:17,027
There's a lot of opportunity
in the provinces.
127
00:12:19,447 --> 00:12:20,948
Take advantage of it.
128
00:12:23,993 --> 00:12:26,787
Servilia is one
of the most fascinating women,
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00:12:26,871 --> 00:12:30,082
not just of the age of Caesar,
but of the entire Roman Republic.
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00:12:31,125 --> 00:12:33,043
Across several decades,
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she is probably the most important
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backchannel politician
that Rome had to offer.
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00:12:47,099 --> 00:12:49,226
With his role as consul ending,
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00:12:50,311 --> 00:12:54,398
Caesar realizes there is only one way
to save his political career.
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00:12:57,151 --> 00:13:00,070
He must become a conqueror.
136
00:13:01,489 --> 00:13:04,450
To do that, Caesar will need an army.
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00:13:06,911 --> 00:13:09,413
What Caesar wanted for himself
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was to go out and be governor
of some province in the Roman Republic
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00:13:14,585 --> 00:13:17,880
that would allow him
control of some armies
140
00:13:17,963 --> 00:13:19,715
so that he could then go off and conquer
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00:13:19,799 --> 00:13:22,551
some additional territory
for the Republic.
142
00:13:24,804 --> 00:13:28,307
Caesar picks a province
on the northern edge of the Republic
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that borders the one territory
that no Roman general has ever conquered,
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known as Gaul.
145
00:13:41,028 --> 00:13:43,656
Over 200,000 square miles,
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00:13:44,532 --> 00:13:48,327
Gaul comprises the territory
of modern-day France and Belgium,
147
00:13:49,495 --> 00:13:52,957
as well as parts of Switzerland,
the Netherlands, and Germany.
148
00:13:56,126 --> 00:14:00,047
The Gauls are considered Rome's
most dangerous threat in the region.
149
00:14:09,473 --> 00:14:11,475
To keep them from invading,
150
00:14:12,434 --> 00:14:15,271
there are four Roman legions
patrolling the border.
151
00:14:21,527 --> 00:14:27,283
The Romans had long had
a deep psychological fear of the Gauls
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00:14:27,783 --> 00:14:30,619
because one of the most traumatic events
in the history of Rome
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is shortly after the founding
of the Republic.
154
00:14:34,415 --> 00:14:37,126
A Gallic army came down
and actually sacked Rome.
155
00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:42,381
So, the Romans themselves
were always a little bit afraid
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00:14:42,464 --> 00:14:43,716
of the long-haired barbarians.
157
00:14:47,094 --> 00:14:49,013
If Caesar can conquer Gaul,
158
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he'll return home a hero
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00:14:51,932 --> 00:14:55,102
and reclaim his place
as one of Rome's most powerful men.
160
00:14:56,979 --> 00:14:58,063
But if he fails,
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00:14:58,981 --> 00:15:02,651
he'll either die in Gaul
or be charged with treason
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00:15:02,943 --> 00:15:06,030
for invading a foreign land
without the Senate's approval.
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00:15:06,447 --> 00:15:08,699
A crime punishable by death.
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00:15:19,501 --> 00:15:21,128
In 58 B.C.,
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00:15:21,712 --> 00:15:25,174
Julius Caesar and his four legions
of 20,000 men
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00:15:25,925 --> 00:15:28,427
cross the border and invade Gaul.
167
00:15:30,012 --> 00:15:32,890
Caesar had no authority to invade Gaul.
168
00:15:32,973 --> 00:15:34,725
He does so off his own back.
169
00:15:35,601 --> 00:15:38,062
He ignores the Senate,
and of course that shows
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how ambitious Caesar was.
171
00:15:40,856 --> 00:15:44,860
He was not going to be held back
by a few political rules
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00:15:44,944 --> 00:15:47,738
in his search for power and glory.
173
00:15:52,034 --> 00:15:55,663
The Gauls are made up of tribes
scattered throughout the region.
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00:16:00,167 --> 00:16:04,588
Caesar's plan is to attack them,
one by one, before they can unite.
175
00:16:06,507 --> 00:16:07,675
Push forward!
176
00:16:14,556 --> 00:16:19,186
Moving quickly, Caesar and
his men claim a string of early victories,
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00:16:20,104 --> 00:16:22,356
allowing him to push deeper
into the region.
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00:16:25,150 --> 00:16:26,819
Caesar's conquest of Gaul
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00:16:26,902 --> 00:16:30,280
is one of the all-time great examples
of divide and conquer.
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00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:34,868
He never had to face
a unified Gallic army, like,
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00:16:34,952 --> 00:16:38,497
"Oh, the Romans are coming to invade us,
we must join together and stop them."
182
00:16:38,580 --> 00:16:41,875
He was always able to do it piecemeal,
bit by bit.
183
00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:43,293
Spread out!
184
00:17:04,106 --> 00:17:05,941
To stay on the offensive,
185
00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:09,111
Caesar makes an unprecedented move.
186
00:17:13,365 --> 00:17:15,951
He abandons the Roman supply lines,
187
00:17:16,869 --> 00:17:19,830
forcing his army
to live off the land they conquer.
188
00:17:21,331 --> 00:17:24,585
He wasn't running out of supply lines
that were coming back from Italy.
189
00:17:24,668 --> 00:17:28,964
He was taking local food, local water,
local wine.
190
00:17:31,341 --> 00:17:34,845
We can trace along the river
using the tree line to mask our movements.
191
00:17:35,387 --> 00:17:37,222
What if we cross through the plains?
192
00:17:37,347 --> 00:17:38,223
It's more direct.
193
00:17:38,724 --> 00:17:40,601
And the high grass can provide cover.
194
00:17:41,018 --> 00:17:43,604
It's drier terrain. We can move faster.
195
00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:47,232
That's the route. Mark it.
196
00:17:52,863 --> 00:17:54,448
With each encounter,
197
00:17:55,407 --> 00:17:57,451
Caesar levels his opponents.
198
00:18:07,461 --> 00:18:08,587
Protect the flanks!
199
00:18:09,838 --> 00:18:11,632
And by 56 B.C.,
200
00:18:12,633 --> 00:18:15,302
he has conquered most
of present day France.
201
00:18:26,522 --> 00:18:28,065
As the victories mount up,
202
00:18:29,733 --> 00:18:33,195
Caesar begins sending word
of his conquests back to Rome
203
00:18:34,029 --> 00:18:38,283
in a series of reports
known as the Gallic Commentaries.
204
00:18:39,868 --> 00:18:41,954
Caesar writes his own history
205
00:18:42,579 --> 00:18:48,252
and it describes him in the third person
to make them appear neutral and objective.
206
00:18:49,253 --> 00:18:51,797
They were designed, though,
really to be read back in Rome
207
00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:56,051
and to appeal to his supporters
and the Roman people.
208
00:19:00,722 --> 00:19:03,267
When the reports make their way
through the Republic
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00:19:03,809 --> 00:19:06,687
the Roman people see Caesar as a hero.
210
00:19:08,814 --> 00:19:11,608
The Romans were introduced firsthand
211
00:19:11,692 --> 00:19:13,986
to this new territory
that they had conquered,
212
00:19:14,069 --> 00:19:17,156
this new world that seemed on the edge
213
00:19:17,239 --> 00:19:19,158
of barbarism and civilization,
214
00:19:19,241 --> 00:19:22,619
all of which had been brought
before them now by Caesar.
215
00:19:26,540 --> 00:19:29,543
As Caesar's popularity
increases with the people,
216
00:19:30,544 --> 00:19:33,380
other soldiers are inspired
to come join the fight.
217
00:19:48,020 --> 00:19:51,190
One of the new arrivals
is a rising cavalry officer
218
00:19:52,941 --> 00:19:54,776
named Mark Antony.
219
00:19:59,948 --> 00:20:02,868
Mark Antony was a young noble
220
00:20:03,285 --> 00:20:07,581
who at the time of the Gallic wars
was just starting to emerge himself.
221
00:20:12,294 --> 00:20:14,922
When Antony showed up
in the legions in Gaul,
222
00:20:15,005 --> 00:20:18,508
as a young cavalry officer,
Caesar liked what he saw.
223
00:20:19,301 --> 00:20:22,012
His infantry is here, here, and here.
224
00:20:22,804 --> 00:20:25,057
He'll try to divide our ranks
or surround us.
225
00:20:26,892 --> 00:20:30,520
Take two cohorts from the 10th
and use them to shore up our flanks.
226
00:20:30,604 --> 00:20:31,438
Good.
227
00:20:35,442 --> 00:20:37,319
Over the next three years,
228
00:20:38,111 --> 00:20:41,990
Caesar defeats several tribes
along the eastern and western borders
229
00:20:43,533 --> 00:20:45,285
and continues moving north.
230
00:20:48,664 --> 00:20:53,126
Caesar was driven
by almost uncontrollable ambition.
231
00:20:53,752 --> 00:20:57,297
He still wasn't satisfied
with what he had achieved,
232
00:20:57,589 --> 00:20:59,091
he still wanted more.
233
00:21:02,302 --> 00:21:05,055
Caesar even moves beyond
the borders of Gaul,
234
00:21:05,347 --> 00:21:07,808
ordering troops into Germania and Britain,
235
00:21:09,101 --> 00:21:12,187
going further than any Roman conqueror
before him.
236
00:21:20,362 --> 00:21:22,072
You underestimated him.
237
00:21:23,031 --> 00:21:24,324
We both did.
238
00:21:25,117 --> 00:21:26,076
There's no denying.
239
00:21:26,827 --> 00:21:29,121
It's an accomplishment. Conquering Gaul.
240
00:21:29,538 --> 00:21:30,998
Invading Gaul.
241
00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:33,500
He's yet to conquer anything.
242
00:21:34,918 --> 00:21:39,172
If he returns as a conqueror,
with his own army, his own fortune--
243
00:21:39,256 --> 00:21:42,426
Sooner or later he'll make a mistake,
and get himself killed.
244
00:21:44,136 --> 00:21:45,512
It's only a matter of time.
245
00:21:49,224 --> 00:21:51,393
We should have never sent him away.
246
00:21:58,442 --> 00:22:02,696
Pompey and Crassus see Caesar's popularity
as a direct threat
247
00:22:03,196 --> 00:22:07,367
that Caesar is now perhaps more powerful
than the rest of them.
248
00:22:08,410 --> 00:22:12,914
And in that position,
he can do increasingly what he wants.
249
00:22:15,876 --> 00:22:17,252
What are you smiling about?
250
00:22:36,897 --> 00:22:39,066
Envious of Caesar's success,
251
00:22:40,442 --> 00:22:43,570
Crassus decides he needs
a military victory of his own...
252
00:22:46,990 --> 00:22:52,079
and sets off for the Middle East
to conquer the kingdom of Parthia.
253
00:22:53,747 --> 00:22:56,833
Crassus' long-standing ambition,
254
00:22:57,542 --> 00:23:01,755
the missing piece from his entire career
is a great military victory.
255
00:23:02,923 --> 00:23:05,592
He had been allied with Caesar
for a long time
256
00:23:05,801 --> 00:23:08,261
and so, now he was watching
257
00:23:08,345 --> 00:23:12,182
not just his rival Pompey outdo him
in terms of military success,
258
00:23:12,265 --> 00:23:14,142
but now Caesar is out conquering Gaul.
259
00:23:14,559 --> 00:23:16,853
Crassus still has nothing to show for it.
260
00:23:23,527 --> 00:23:26,446
As Crassus looks for glory
in the Middle East,
261
00:23:27,906 --> 00:23:30,409
Caesar continues his conquest of Gaul.
262
00:23:32,869 --> 00:23:38,750
And by 53 B.C., he controls nearly
150,000 square miles of land.
263
00:23:41,628 --> 00:23:44,673
There's just one area,
near the town of Gergovia,
264
00:23:44,965 --> 00:23:46,550
he still needs to conquer.
265
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:27,317
Go! After them!
266
00:25:52,425 --> 00:25:54,761
For the first time
since invading Gaul,
267
00:25:56,513 --> 00:25:59,599
Caesar and his soldiers suffer
a massive defeat,
268
00:26:00,767 --> 00:26:02,352
losing 700 men
269
00:26:04,271 --> 00:26:06,356
at the hands of a ruthless general
270
00:26:07,315 --> 00:26:08,984
named Vercingetorix.
271
00:26:21,621 --> 00:26:23,748
Much of Caesar's success in Gaul
272
00:26:23,832 --> 00:26:27,460
has been due to the many tribes
who have no unified leader.
273
00:26:29,588 --> 00:26:32,757
That changes with the emergence
of Vercingetorix.
274
00:26:34,509 --> 00:26:38,054
Vercingetorix was a Gallic chieftain
275
00:26:38,138 --> 00:26:42,601
who had been watching Caesar's conquest
of Gaul with growing alarm
276
00:26:43,518 --> 00:26:47,564
and watching the tribes
individually picked off by the legions.
277
00:26:48,732 --> 00:26:51,568
The stakes for the Gauls
could not have been higher.
278
00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:54,821
Caesar's forces are on the move.
279
00:26:57,324 --> 00:26:58,742
Have they changed course?
280
00:26:59,159 --> 00:27:02,454
No, they're still heading due north,
towards the town of Quincy.
281
00:27:05,206 --> 00:27:07,417
Outnumbered more than
two to one,
282
00:27:08,043 --> 00:27:12,255
Vercingetorix knows if he has any hope
of defeating Caesar's forces
283
00:27:13,006 --> 00:27:14,341
he'll need more men.
284
00:27:18,386 --> 00:27:21,222
So he sends scouts to any remaining tribes
285
00:27:21,931 --> 00:27:24,559
to convince them to help fight the Romans.
286
00:27:26,728 --> 00:27:28,438
There was no unified Gallic state.
287
00:27:28,521 --> 00:27:32,233
It was a bunch of tribes and they would
battle with each other constantly.
288
00:27:33,777 --> 00:27:38,239
Vercingetorix wants to form
a pan-Gallic confederacy
289
00:27:39,407 --> 00:27:42,327
to oppose further Roman expansion.
290
00:27:50,126 --> 00:27:52,379
While he waits for reinforcements,
291
00:27:53,004 --> 00:27:56,966
Vercingetorix must also find a way
to slow down the Roman army.
292
00:27:58,885 --> 00:28:04,599
Vercingetorix's great insight
into how to defeat the legions
293
00:28:04,683 --> 00:28:08,436
was that Caesar had always been
living off the land.
294
00:28:09,771 --> 00:28:12,816
If Vercingetorix could isolate Caesar
295
00:28:12,899 --> 00:28:15,485
from those provisions that he had
always counted on,
296
00:28:15,694 --> 00:28:20,615
then he could very quickly turn
what appeared to be a very strong army
297
00:28:20,699 --> 00:28:21,825
into a very weak army.
298
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:26,496
-Are you prepared to do it?
-I am.
299
00:28:38,341 --> 00:28:41,970
Vercingetorix launches
a scorched earth campaign,
300
00:28:42,721 --> 00:28:44,514
destroying valuable resources
301
00:28:45,849 --> 00:28:47,267
for both the Romans
302
00:28:49,352 --> 00:28:50,562
and his own men.
303
00:28:54,190 --> 00:28:57,986
The idea was,
"If we can endure this for a year,
304
00:28:58,778 --> 00:29:00,905
maybe we can get the Romans out of here."
305
00:29:20,341 --> 00:29:23,178
The Gauls gather
all the rations they can find
306
00:29:23,428 --> 00:29:26,806
and retreat to a small town called Alesia
307
00:29:27,515 --> 00:29:29,476
where they await Caesar's next move.
308
00:29:37,984 --> 00:29:41,905
Quincy's gone. Grain stores
completely destroyed, along with firewood.
309
00:29:42,489 --> 00:29:44,824
Same for Argenton. And Villate.
310
00:29:45,533 --> 00:29:47,535
Only Bourges remains intact, for now.
311
00:29:48,995 --> 00:29:50,497
What if we push through to Lutetia?
312
00:29:51,122 --> 00:29:52,957
How? We don't have the provisions.
313
00:29:53,166 --> 00:29:55,960
Then we reroute. We still have the south.
314
00:29:56,211 --> 00:29:58,338
If we turn back,
it'll be seen as weakness.
315
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:01,382
It's just a resupply.
I don't see another option.
316
00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:03,343
The men will make do.
317
00:30:03,802 --> 00:30:06,179
The men can't march, or fight,
without food.
318
00:30:09,015 --> 00:30:10,183
We keep moving forward.
319
00:30:11,768 --> 00:30:12,602
Is that clear?
320
00:30:28,034 --> 00:30:29,911
With supplies running out,
321
00:30:31,955 --> 00:30:33,790
Caesar comes up with a plan
322
00:30:34,582 --> 00:30:38,711
to turn Vercingetorix's ruthless strategy
against him.
323
00:30:51,808 --> 00:30:55,770
Knowing the Gauls are suffering
the same food shortages as his own army,
324
00:30:56,521 --> 00:31:01,067
Caesar orders his men to build
a massive wall outside Alesia
325
00:31:02,694 --> 00:31:05,864
to trap Vercingetorix
and his troops inside.
326
00:31:08,116 --> 00:31:11,995
Caesar was incredibly ruthless
when he needed to be.
327
00:31:12,412 --> 00:31:16,249
Knowing that supplies inside the city
were running low,
328
00:31:16,958 --> 00:31:20,169
Caesar decided that he would be able
to starve them out
329
00:31:20,712 --> 00:31:24,549
by circumnavigating the city in a wall.
330
00:31:28,803 --> 00:31:31,472
The wall stretches for 11 miles,
331
00:31:33,641 --> 00:31:36,853
effectively cutting the town off
from supply lines.
332
00:31:45,278 --> 00:31:48,281
Caesar knows that with no access
to food and water,
333
00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:52,327
it's only a matter of time
before Vercingetorix and his men
334
00:31:52,660 --> 00:31:54,412
are forced to surrender...
335
00:31:55,914 --> 00:31:57,165
or die from starvation.
336
00:32:06,841 --> 00:32:08,718
Over 2,000 miles away...
337
00:32:15,516 --> 00:32:18,353
Crassus's own military conquest in Parthia
338
00:32:20,313 --> 00:32:22,065
is a colossal failure.
339
00:32:28,279 --> 00:32:30,740
20,000 Romans lay dead
340
00:32:32,325 --> 00:32:34,327
and Crassus is taken captive.
341
00:32:35,745 --> 00:32:36,621
What do you want?
342
00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:39,040
Tell me! Just, please! Money?
343
00:32:39,749 --> 00:32:40,583
Land?
344
00:32:40,792 --> 00:32:42,210
Oh god. Please, no.
345
00:32:42,585 --> 00:32:46,005
You don't understand. I can give you
anything you want, anything--
346
00:32:53,471 --> 00:32:54,764
Enough, please!
347
00:33:13,199 --> 00:33:15,868
Just two months
after arriving in Parthia,
348
00:33:16,452 --> 00:33:20,373
Crassus, and his quest for glory,
come to an end.
349
00:33:23,251 --> 00:33:24,961
Despite Crassus' desire
350
00:33:25,044 --> 00:33:28,339
to have a fantastic military victory
over in Parthia,
351
00:33:28,673 --> 00:33:31,843
it ended up being one of the most
spectacular defeats of all time.
352
00:33:33,928 --> 00:33:37,849
Crassus died by having molten gold
poured down his throat
353
00:33:37,932 --> 00:33:41,561
in mockery of his love of money
and his notorious greed.
354
00:33:47,233 --> 00:33:48,818
I swear by the gods,
355
00:33:49,277 --> 00:33:51,779
to loyally serve the Senate
and the people of Rome.
356
00:33:53,031 --> 00:33:55,450
With Crassus dead
and Caesar in Gaul,
357
00:33:57,493 --> 00:33:59,078
Pompey makes his own move.
358
00:34:00,997 --> 00:34:02,290
He runs for consul,
359
00:34:03,332 --> 00:34:05,710
winning easily, with no opposition.
360
00:34:07,712 --> 00:34:10,173
To defend and uphold the laws
of the Republic,
361
00:34:10,256 --> 00:34:12,925
for as long as I shall serve.
362
00:34:13,342 --> 00:34:17,930
I hereby name you, Pompey Magnus,
Consul of Rome.
363
00:34:23,227 --> 00:34:26,731
Pompey becomes
more and more friendly to the Senate
364
00:34:26,814 --> 00:34:30,109
because he sees that Caesar
is trying to bypass
365
00:34:30,193 --> 00:34:32,445
all of its traditional authority.
366
00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:38,284
Pompey is received everywhere
with these tumultuous welcomes
367
00:34:39,368 --> 00:34:45,083
and he feels that he is really the most
powerful and popular politician in Rome.
368
00:35:12,902 --> 00:35:13,945
It's from Rome.
369
00:35:17,031 --> 00:35:17,907
What does it say?
370
00:35:20,660 --> 00:35:22,495
Crassus was killed in Parthia.
371
00:35:25,039 --> 00:35:25,873
And...
372
00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:27,792
And what?
373
00:35:31,337 --> 00:35:32,797
Pompey's been elected consul.
374
00:35:41,305 --> 00:35:42,890
The death of Crassus
375
00:35:42,974 --> 00:35:45,685
is the beginning of the end
of the Triumvirate.
376
00:35:48,020 --> 00:35:53,401
It works as long as there's three
centers of power balancing each other.
377
00:35:53,734 --> 00:35:55,278
Now that Crassus is dead
378
00:35:55,361 --> 00:35:58,030
and it just comes down
to Caesar and Pompey,
379
00:35:58,447 --> 00:36:02,827
that leads naturally to them pulling
in opposite directions.
380
00:36:06,581 --> 00:36:08,541
With the Triumvirate all but shattered,
381
00:36:09,876 --> 00:36:13,045
Caesar's future rests solely
on the outcome in Gaul.
382
00:36:19,927 --> 00:36:23,514
But even as they're trapped behind a wall,
close to starvation,
383
00:36:24,807 --> 00:36:27,310
Vercingetorix refuses to surrender,
384
00:36:30,646 --> 00:36:33,357
hoping that either reinforcements arrive
385
00:36:33,858 --> 00:36:36,986
or that the Romans run out of food
before they do.
386
00:36:41,032 --> 00:36:41,866
How long?
387
00:36:42,909 --> 00:36:43,910
A week at most.
388
00:36:45,203 --> 00:36:46,579
If we stick to the rations.
389
00:36:51,918 --> 00:36:53,586
Cut the rations by a fifth.
390
00:36:54,337 --> 00:36:56,005
May buy us a day. Maybe more.
391
00:36:56,422 --> 00:36:57,256
Sir...
392
00:36:58,883 --> 00:37:00,676
the men are on the verge of revolt.
393
00:37:02,094 --> 00:37:04,055
Some are talking about surrender.
394
00:37:05,139 --> 00:37:06,224
They're hungry.
395
00:37:06,474 --> 00:37:07,808
Do you think that matters?
396
00:37:10,102 --> 00:37:12,939
Do you think Caesar cares
if we're hungry?
397
00:37:15,942 --> 00:37:17,610
Reinforcements aren't coming.
398
00:37:19,946 --> 00:37:21,864
Then what do you suggest that we do?
399
00:37:23,908 --> 00:37:24,742
Surrender?
400
00:37:26,827 --> 00:37:28,496
We will wait as long as it takes.
401
00:37:29,038 --> 00:37:30,414
Cut the rations by a fifth.
402
00:37:36,921 --> 00:37:39,674
As Vercingetorix prepares
for the worst,
403
00:37:42,510 --> 00:37:47,723
Caesar learns that a massive army,
of 250,000 Gauls,
404
00:37:47,807 --> 00:37:50,476
is heading directly for Alesia.
405
00:37:52,061 --> 00:37:55,231
Vercingetorix succeeds where others
had failed
406
00:37:55,648 --> 00:38:00,027
and he brings a large coalition
of Gauls together,
407
00:38:00,111 --> 00:38:02,154
to try to drive the Roman enemy out.
408
00:38:03,030 --> 00:38:06,659
Caesar was so threatening
to the established order in Gaul
409
00:38:06,742 --> 00:38:09,745
that Gauls were willing
to put their bygones behind them,
410
00:38:09,829 --> 00:38:12,456
and unite under Vercingetorix's rule.
411
00:38:15,001 --> 00:38:17,420
With hordes of Gauls
heading his way,
412
00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:19,672
Caesar does the unthinkable.
413
00:38:22,633 --> 00:38:24,343
He builds another wall.
414
00:38:25,553 --> 00:38:29,223
So he devises this option,
which is crazy,
415
00:38:29,307 --> 00:38:31,809
and which nobody probably
would have thought
416
00:38:31,892 --> 00:38:33,686
was even remotely plausible.
417
00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:36,480
Which is, he built a second wall.
418
00:38:37,189 --> 00:38:40,901
So the legions,
their whole world collapsed
419
00:38:41,277 --> 00:38:43,446
to the couple of hundred yards
420
00:38:43,529 --> 00:38:46,490
between the wall that separated them
from Alesia,
421
00:38:47,408 --> 00:38:51,912
and then the wall that separated them
from the relief army that was coming.
422
00:39:05,217 --> 00:39:06,344
How much longer?
423
00:39:07,970 --> 00:39:10,264
We're nearly finished reinforcing
the outer barrier.
424
00:39:10,556 --> 00:39:12,558
Maybe a day, day and a half at most.
425
00:39:15,728 --> 00:39:17,730
I want it done by sundown.
426
00:39:38,751 --> 00:39:41,420
Just days after completing
tshe outer wall,
427
00:39:43,214 --> 00:39:45,966
Vercingetorix's reinforcements arrive
428
00:39:48,844 --> 00:39:51,472
with even more men than Caesar expected.
429
00:39:59,563 --> 00:40:00,856
For Vercingetorix,
430
00:40:01,732 --> 00:40:03,401
the time to fight...
431
00:40:03,734 --> 00:40:04,735
is now.
432
00:40:08,197 --> 00:40:09,490
Look around you!
433
00:40:11,117 --> 00:40:13,202
There's men from every tribe,
434
00:40:14,787 --> 00:40:16,705
every part of Gaul!
435
00:40:20,876 --> 00:40:23,587
The Romans, they've raided our towns!
436
00:40:26,257 --> 00:40:28,092
They've killed our brothers,
437
00:40:29,176 --> 00:40:30,970
raped our wives!
438
00:40:33,264 --> 00:40:37,643
Caesar, he will regret ever stepping foot
in our lands!
439
00:40:39,228 --> 00:40:42,690
We will slaughter him and his men!
440
00:40:43,899 --> 00:40:46,527
We will rip the flesh from their bones
441
00:40:47,194 --> 00:40:51,031
and we will drink their fucking blood!
442
00:41:10,468 --> 00:41:11,385
Do you hear that?
443
00:41:13,137 --> 00:41:13,971
Listen.
444
00:41:16,015 --> 00:41:16,849
Listen!
445
00:41:20,853 --> 00:41:21,770
They're desperate.
446
00:41:23,814 --> 00:41:25,441
But do not underestimate them.
447
00:41:26,817 --> 00:41:28,861
They want to kill every last one of you.
448
00:41:32,531 --> 00:41:34,158
But I will not let that happen.
449
00:41:36,535 --> 00:41:38,162
We've come too far.
450
00:41:39,872 --> 00:41:41,290
We've fought too hard,
451
00:41:41,916 --> 00:41:43,834
for too long, to fail now!
452
00:41:45,127 --> 00:41:46,879
We are soldiers of Rome!
453
00:41:49,256 --> 00:41:51,258
And we have conquered half the world.
454
00:41:52,885 --> 00:41:54,720
And we will conquer Gaul.
455
00:41:58,933 --> 00:42:00,392
We will stand our ground!
456
00:42:02,228 --> 00:42:03,729
We will defend this wall!
457
00:42:05,105 --> 00:42:07,858
And we will go home conquerors!
458
00:42:27,711 --> 00:42:31,173
Julius Caesar faces an attack
from two sides
459
00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:36,095
by a people determined to destroy
every last Roman.
460
00:42:36,845 --> 00:42:38,347
Archers!
461
00:42:38,556 --> 00:42:39,848
Man the wall!
462
00:42:43,394 --> 00:42:47,439
If he and his men are somehow
able to defeat the Gauls at Alesia,
463
00:42:48,649 --> 00:42:52,903
Caesar will become the greatest conqueror
in Roman history.
464
00:42:57,575 --> 00:42:58,534
Draw!
465
00:43:00,286 --> 00:43:01,120
Release!
36598
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