Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,149 --> 00:00:05,850
In this class, you will learn two common ways
to talk about the future in English.
2
00:00:05,850 --> 00:00:10,549
The first way is by using the words "going
to".
3
00:00:10,549 --> 00:00:18,190
This is not a tense, it's just a phrase, an
expression that we use to talk about the future.
4
00:00:18,190 --> 00:00:22,789
The second way is by using the present continuous.
5
00:00:22,789 --> 00:00:29,800
This is a tense and it's used not only for
the present but also to talk about the future,
6
00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:32,540
and we will see exactly how to do that.
7
00:00:32,540 --> 00:00:38,040
Now, this class is part of a series created
by www.engvid.com to help you learn all of
8
00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:44,390
the English verb tenses so you can talk about
the past, the present, and the future, okay?
9
00:00:44,390 --> 00:00:45,390
Alright.
10
00:00:45,390 --> 00:00:47,650
So, what is the future?
11
00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:50,900
The future is anytime after now, okay?
12
00:00:50,900 --> 00:00:58,720
So, if this is now, and that's the past, then
anything after now, anything after the present
13
00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:00,110
is the future.
14
00:01:00,110 --> 00:01:06,720
It could be five minutes from now, it could
be years from now, it could be many years
15
00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:08,080
from now, okay?
16
00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:15,020
But anything after now is the future, and
in English, we have many ways and tenses to
17
00:01:15,020 --> 00:01:17,420
talk about this time.
18
00:01:17,420 --> 00:01:21,010
Some are more basic ways and some are more
advanced ways, okay?
19
00:01:21,010 --> 00:01:26,870
Some are more basic tenses and some are more
advanced tenses, but for now, everything you
20
00:01:26,870 --> 00:01:33,500
learn in this class you can use right away
in regular conversation and regular communication.
21
00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:36,660
So, let's get started.
22
00:01:36,660 --> 00:01:43,980
So, when we're talking about the future, you
can think about it in a few different ways.
23
00:01:43,980 --> 00:01:50,950
The first way to think about it is - is this
some kind of formal situation, or is it an
24
00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:53,659
informal situation?
25
00:01:53,659 --> 00:02:00,870
Formal means more official, maybe more businesslike,
with people you don't really know very well,
26
00:02:00,870 --> 00:02:05,260
so you have to be very formal and proper.
27
00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:12,370
In that situation, in English, to talk about
the future, we have one way, which is by using
28
00:02:12,370 --> 00:02:16,370
the word "will", which is the future simple
tense.
29
00:02:16,370 --> 00:02:23,769
I have a separate class just on that, so you
can learn that also if you haven't already.
30
00:02:23,769 --> 00:02:27,849
Next, what if it's an informal situation?
31
00:02:27,849 --> 00:02:31,859
Informal means it's not so - it's not formal.
32
00:02:31,859 --> 00:02:36,329
It's more casual, it's more casual, it's more
friendly, it's with people that you probably
33
00:02:36,329 --> 00:02:38,650
know quite well, okay?
34
00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:42,749
And it could be when you're speaking to them,
it could be when you're writing an informal
35
00:02:42,749 --> 00:02:46,620
email or texting or something like that, okay?
36
00:02:46,620 --> 00:02:49,999
So, what happens in those situations?
37
00:02:49,999 --> 00:02:58,069
In those situations, we have to look at whether
something is planned in advance or whether
38
00:02:58,069 --> 00:03:01,079
it is unplanned, okay?
39
00:03:01,079 --> 00:03:05,109
Now, I know you're thinking "Really, I have
to think about that?"
40
00:03:05,109 --> 00:03:06,940
Yeah, a little bit, but it's easy.
41
00:03:06,940 --> 00:03:08,060
Let me show you how.
42
00:03:08,060 --> 00:03:15,349
So, in the informal situation, if you know
in advance that you're going to do something,
43
00:03:15,349 --> 00:03:17,519
then that is something planned.
44
00:03:17,519 --> 00:03:22,640
If you don't know in advance that you're going
to do something and you just decide that that
45
00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:24,499
moment, that is unplanned.
46
00:03:24,499 --> 00:03:31,890
So, if it's unplanned, then we just, again,
use "will" or future simple, alright?
47
00:03:31,890 --> 00:03:33,859
So, that's done.
48
00:03:33,859 --> 00:03:37,239
But in this class, we're focusing on this
part here.
49
00:03:37,239 --> 00:03:42,930
So, if you know in advance that you're going
to do something tomorrow, this weekend, next
50
00:03:42,930 --> 00:03:45,260
month, next year, that's planned.
51
00:03:45,260 --> 00:03:49,640
So, you have two options of how to communicate
that.
52
00:03:49,640 --> 00:03:56,799
You could use "going to", or you can use the
present continuous tense.
53
00:03:56,799 --> 00:04:02,709
If you use "going to", for example, your sentence
would be something like this, but before I
54
00:04:02,709 --> 00:04:07,309
give you the sentence, let's imagine what
somebody might be asking you, okay?
55
00:04:07,309 --> 00:04:13,239
So, let's suppose somebody asks you "What
are you planning to do on Sunday?" or "What
56
00:04:13,239 --> 00:04:15,129
are you doing on Sunday?".
57
00:04:15,129 --> 00:04:21,549
You might say, and because you have the plan
already, you might say "I'm going to visit
58
00:04:21,549 --> 00:04:26,550
my family on Sunday.", see how we're using
"going to"?
59
00:04:26,550 --> 00:04:28,659
Because you have already decided that.
60
00:04:28,659 --> 00:04:34,250
You've told your family, they're making dinner,
everybody's expecting you, this is a plan,
61
00:04:34,250 --> 00:04:40,060
you know in advance, so you say, "I'm going
to visit my family on Sunday.".
62
00:04:40,060 --> 00:04:45,280
This "going to" tells us it's a plan, that
it's going to happen in the future, all of
63
00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:46,440
these things.
64
00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:52,840
Or, you could say the same thing in another
way by using the present continuous tense.
65
00:04:52,840 --> 00:04:58,240
You could simply say "I'm visiting my family
on Sunday.".
66
00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:00,080
That's the second way, alright?
67
00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,430
So, this is what we will focus on in this
class.
68
00:05:03,430 --> 00:05:07,889
Now, let's look at when to use these two ways
to talk about the future.
69
00:05:07,889 --> 00:05:14,300
So, the most important thing to remember,
as I said, is that we use them in informal
70
00:05:14,300 --> 00:05:15,300
situations.
71
00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:18,620
Informal communication, spoken or written.
72
00:05:18,620 --> 00:05:24,870
Now, informal doesn't have to mean only social
situations, it can also be at work with your
73
00:05:24,870 --> 00:05:29,020
colleagues and so on, or with your clients
if they're good friends of yours, we still
74
00:05:29,020 --> 00:05:32,419
speak informally even at work.
75
00:05:32,419 --> 00:05:37,580
And the other point is that they should be
planned situations, okay, not something that
76
00:05:37,580 --> 00:05:42,100
you just decide, but something where you have
made a plan in advance.
77
00:05:42,100 --> 00:05:47,030
Those are the two critical points to remember,
but let's look at some situations in which
78
00:05:47,030 --> 00:05:49,080
this might actually happen.
79
00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:54,910
So, when you're talking about arrangements,
you have to make them in advance, right?
80
00:05:54,910 --> 00:06:00,491
So, for example, you could say "We're going
to meet at the mall.", so here we have an
81
00:06:00,491 --> 00:06:03,400
example of using "going to", right?
82
00:06:03,400 --> 00:06:07,159
Going to meet, in this case, alright?
83
00:06:07,159 --> 00:06:12,600
Or, for intentions, something you plan to
do, something you wish you could do, something
84
00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,091
you want to do, you intend to do it, okay?
85
00:06:15,091 --> 00:06:19,020
It means you have a plan to do it, basically.
86
00:06:19,020 --> 00:06:22,690
For example: I'm going to exercise every day.
87
00:06:22,690 --> 00:06:23,690
Alright?
88
00:06:23,690 --> 00:06:26,349
Or, I'm going to study English every day.
89
00:06:26,349 --> 00:06:29,620
Whatever your intention is, okay?
90
00:06:29,620 --> 00:06:34,360
So again, we see "I'm going to exercise",
okay?
91
00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:38,580
These are some examples with "going to" and
then we'll look at some examples with the
92
00:06:38,580 --> 00:06:45,469
other way, the present continuous, but really,
I could say this using present continuous,
93
00:06:45,469 --> 00:06:51,000
and I could say these using "going to", it
doesn't matter because they're both used in
94
00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:53,490
the same way.
95
00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:58,249
Let's look at another situation when you're
making a prediction, when you're going to
96
00:06:58,249 --> 00:07:04,509
say what is going to happen, what is likely
to happen, what is probably going to happen.
97
00:07:04,509 --> 00:07:09,389
For example, you've watched a lot of weather
reports and everybody's saying there's going
98
00:07:09,389 --> 00:07:15,669
to be a lot of rain tomorrow, so you could
say "It's going to rain tomorrow.", right?
99
00:07:15,669 --> 00:07:16,770
Going to rain.
100
00:07:16,770 --> 00:07:22,729
It's like a prediction, still we don't know
100% until tomorrow comes, whether that will
101
00:07:22,729 --> 00:07:24,710
happen, so it's a prediction.
102
00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:27,800
So, we can use it in that situation.
103
00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,699
And this is when you're just telling, you
know, your family or someone, "Oh, it's going
104
00:07:31,699 --> 00:07:36,009
to rain tomorrow so, you know, do this, do
that, make sure to take your umbrella.", so
105
00:07:36,009 --> 00:07:38,319
it's still an informal situation.
106
00:07:38,319 --> 00:07:39,319
Okay.
107
00:07:39,319 --> 00:07:46,020
Then, of course, for any kind of planned events
- so, you're telling your friends, for example:
108
00:07:46,020 --> 00:07:49,069
We're flying to Lisbon in July.
109
00:07:49,069 --> 00:07:51,740
Now here, we have present continuous, right?
110
00:07:51,740 --> 00:07:53,919
We're flying.
111
00:07:53,919 --> 00:07:57,689
We could say "We're going to fly", but we're
just saying "We're flying" because we're using
112
00:07:57,689 --> 00:07:59,169
present continuous now.
113
00:07:59,169 --> 00:08:02,259
Now, what's important here?
114
00:08:02,259 --> 00:08:08,439
Because this is the present continuous tense,
right, "We're flying", and if I only said,
115
00:08:08,439 --> 00:08:14,509
"We're flying to Lisbon", then that would
be talking about the present.
116
00:08:14,509 --> 00:08:21,680
So, when we use present continuous to talk
about the future, you have to have a part
117
00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:29,599
like this, a time marker that shows that this
is going to happen in the future and it's
118
00:08:29,599 --> 00:08:35,660
not happening right now because if I just
said "We're flying to Lisbon", it would mean
119
00:08:35,660 --> 00:08:40,760
right now, but if I say "We're flying to Lisbon
in July.", that's in the future.
120
00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:45,690
We're flying to Lisbon next week, next month,
next summer, next year.
121
00:08:45,690 --> 00:08:52,270
As long as I say something like that and add
a time phrase or expression or a marker with
122
00:08:52,270 --> 00:08:58,440
the present continuous, then you can use it
freely to talk about something informal or
123
00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:01,090
something planned in the future.
124
00:09:01,090 --> 00:09:02,090
Okay?
125
00:09:02,090 --> 00:09:03,090
Got that?
126
00:09:03,090 --> 00:09:06,070
We'll be looking at that a little bit more
as we go along.
127
00:09:06,070 --> 00:09:09,630
Here's another example of something - a planned
event.
128
00:09:09,630 --> 00:09:13,430
You could say oh, "They're having a party
on Saturday night."
129
00:09:13,430 --> 00:09:20,070
So, we have our important parts, "They're
having", we can use "have" in this context
130
00:09:20,070 --> 00:09:25,621
to talk about an event, we can use it in that
continuous form to talk about an event, they're
131
00:09:25,621 --> 00:09:32,710
having a party and then again, "on Saturday
night", so we have our time marker to indicate
132
00:09:32,710 --> 00:09:35,130
that this is happening in the future.
133
00:09:35,130 --> 00:09:36,130
Alright?
134
00:09:36,130 --> 00:09:43,600
So, these are the important ways and times
when you can use this - these two ways, alright?
135
00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:45,210
And remember, we can flip them around.
136
00:09:45,210 --> 00:09:50,870
So, I could have said here "We're going to
fly to Lisbon in July.", and I could have
137
00:09:50,870 --> 00:09:56,370
said here "We're meeting at the mall tomorrow.",
okay?
138
00:09:56,370 --> 00:10:00,940
If I'm using present continuous, I'll need
to add something, but use it for all these
139
00:10:00,940 --> 00:10:01,940
situations.
140
00:10:01,940 --> 00:10:05,690
Now, let's look at the structure for "going
to".
141
00:10:05,690 --> 00:10:12,040
We will look at positive sentences, negative
sentences, and also questions.
142
00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:19,300
So, our basic structure is like this: we have
our subject, which means what?
143
00:10:19,300 --> 00:10:29,410
I, You, We, They, etc., the verb "to be" +
"going to" + the base form of the verb.
144
00:10:29,410 --> 00:10:36,640
So, for example, if our example verb is "to
work", the base form of the verb is just "work".
145
00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:42,900
If the verb was "to sleep", the base form
is just "sleep", okay?
146
00:10:42,900 --> 00:10:49,510
So, another important point to keep in mind
when you're forming this kind of sentence
147
00:10:49,510 --> 00:10:56,480
is in the positive sentences and the negative
sentences, we don't use the full form.
148
00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:00,360
We don't say "I am going to work."
149
00:11:00,360 --> 00:11:03,570
Because it's too artificial and it's too formal.
150
00:11:03,570 --> 00:11:05,930
It's - this is an informal situation, right?
151
00:11:05,930 --> 00:11:09,810
We're using it in informal context, so we
use the contraction.
152
00:11:09,810 --> 00:11:13,800
Instead of saying "I am", we say "I'm".
153
00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:19,870
Instead of saying "You are", we say "You're",
and then we say the rest of it, okay?
154
00:11:19,870 --> 00:11:24,800
So, you're kind of contracting these two parts,
alright?
155
00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:30,260
So, say it after me, it's easy, and later
I will show you exactly how to form these
156
00:11:30,260 --> 00:11:32,100
contractions.
157
00:11:32,100 --> 00:11:36,480
The first one: I'm going to work.
158
00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:39,890
You're going to work.
159
00:11:39,890 --> 00:11:41,820
We're going to work.
160
00:11:41,820 --> 00:11:45,770
They're going to work.
161
00:11:45,770 --> 00:11:53,290
He's going to work, She's going to work, and
It's going to work.
162
00:11:53,290 --> 00:11:54,290
Okay?
163
00:11:54,290 --> 00:11:59,000
You'll see that these are all "you are, we
are, they are", these are all contractions
164
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:03,170
for "he is, she is, it is", okay?
165
00:12:03,170 --> 00:12:04,170
Alright.
166
00:12:04,170 --> 00:12:10,120
Now, if we make it negative, it's very easy,
we're just adding the word "not".
167
00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:12,860
I'm not going to work tomorrow.
168
00:12:12,860 --> 00:12:15,990
He's not going to work.
169
00:12:15,990 --> 00:12:17,750
They're not going to work.
170
00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:18,750
Alright?
171
00:12:18,750 --> 00:12:20,170
So, that's one way.
172
00:12:20,170 --> 00:12:22,930
You keep this contracted version and just
add that.
173
00:12:22,930 --> 00:12:26,240
I'll show you another way soon.
174
00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:28,260
If you have a question, what do we do?
175
00:12:28,260 --> 00:12:30,120
We change the order, right?
176
00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:35,860
We reverse the order, instead of saying "I
am", we say, "Am I?" and now we see the full
177
00:12:35,860 --> 00:12:38,630
form of the verb "to be" here.
178
00:12:38,630 --> 00:12:41,000
Here, there are no contractions, okay?
179
00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:44,050
Am I going to work tomorrow?
180
00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:46,660
Are you going to work tomorrow?
181
00:12:46,660 --> 00:12:49,370
Are we going to work?
182
00:12:49,370 --> 00:12:52,070
Are they going to work?
183
00:12:52,070 --> 00:12:54,130
Is he going to work?
184
00:12:54,130 --> 00:12:56,990
Is she going to work?
185
00:12:56,990 --> 00:12:58,830
Is it going to work?
186
00:12:58,830 --> 00:13:02,420
Like the computer, or something, alright?
187
00:13:02,420 --> 00:13:07,420
So, another thing to keep in mind when you're
forming the question is you can add a question
188
00:13:07,420 --> 00:13:10,430
word before that, or a question phrase.
189
00:13:10,430 --> 00:13:14,200
You could say: When are you going to work?
190
00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:16,310
Where are you going to work?
191
00:13:16,310 --> 00:13:18,350
How long are you going to work?
192
00:13:18,350 --> 00:13:23,080
But if you do that, make sure you keep this
construction.
193
00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:24,850
Don't change this order.
194
00:13:24,850 --> 00:13:27,780
Say "When are you going to work?".
195
00:13:27,780 --> 00:13:30,310
Keep the same structure, okay?
196
00:13:30,310 --> 00:13:34,970
And that's basically all you need to do to
use "going to" for the future.
197
00:13:34,970 --> 00:13:41,130
Now, let's look at the structure of the present
continuous tense when used for the future.
198
00:13:41,130 --> 00:13:45,570
If you've been following our series on English
tenses, then you may have already learned
199
00:13:45,570 --> 00:13:48,800
this, but in any case, let's review.
200
00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:57,350
So, our basic structure is like this: we have
the subject, I, You, We, They, etc., + the
201
00:13:57,350 --> 00:14:07,640
verb "to be", then the base form of the verb
and then "-ing" and to all of that, we have
202
00:14:07,640 --> 00:14:16,260
to add a time marker like next week, next
month, next year, on Monday, and so on, okay?
203
00:14:16,260 --> 00:14:22,500
Now, this time marker often comes at the end,
but sometimes it can also come at the beginning.
204
00:14:22,500 --> 00:14:27,570
The most important thing is that you need
to have that time marker as well, okay?
205
00:14:27,570 --> 00:14:32,850
Otherwise, it will just be present continuous,
and they'll be talking about the present,
206
00:14:32,850 --> 00:14:38,350
but you want to use this to talk about the
future, so let's see how it works.
207
00:14:38,350 --> 00:14:46,800
Now, again, you'll see here not the full form
of "I am", but the contraction.
208
00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:47,800
Why?
209
00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:54,850
Because again, we use this particular tense
to talk about the future in informal situations.
210
00:14:54,850 --> 00:14:58,820
Informal conversations, informal writing,
correct?
211
00:14:58,820 --> 00:15:05,440
So, we don't want to use the full form "I
am working next week", we just say "I'm working
212
00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:06,510
next week."
213
00:15:06,510 --> 00:15:12,310
Say it after me: You're working next week.
214
00:15:12,310 --> 00:15:16,010
We're working next week.
215
00:15:16,010 --> 00:15:18,680
They're working next week.
216
00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:21,110
All of these were with "are", right?
217
00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:24,780
You are, they are, we are, like that.
218
00:15:24,780 --> 00:15:26,290
These are all with "is".
219
00:15:26,290 --> 00:15:30,790
He's working next week.
220
00:15:30,790 --> 00:15:33,890
She's working next week.
221
00:15:33,890 --> 00:15:36,410
Let's say It's working next week.
222
00:15:36,410 --> 00:15:37,410
Okay?
223
00:15:37,410 --> 00:15:42,600
So, it doesn't have to, of course, be next
week, it could be any time marker, I just
224
00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:49,050
put that here so that you will remember that
here you need to add some kind of time marker,
225
00:15:49,050 --> 00:15:50,050
okay?
226
00:15:50,050 --> 00:15:57,240
Next, for negative sentences, we're just adding
the word "not", that's it, okay?
227
00:15:57,240 --> 00:16:00,490
So, I'm not working next week.
228
00:16:00,490 --> 00:16:03,820
He's not working next week.
229
00:16:03,820 --> 00:16:05,970
They're not working next week.
230
00:16:05,970 --> 00:16:06,970
That's it.
231
00:16:06,970 --> 00:16:12,160
Okay, just adding the - that word "not", and
we'll be looking a little more at contractions
232
00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:14,530
very soon.
233
00:16:14,530 --> 00:16:16,730
For the question, again, change the order.
234
00:16:16,730 --> 00:16:23,360
Instead of saying "I am" or anything, we're
saying "Am I", and now here in the questions,
235
00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:25,590
we have no contractions, right?
236
00:16:25,590 --> 00:16:30,010
You have the full form but in reverse order.
237
00:16:30,010 --> 00:16:34,780
Say it after me: Am I working next week?
238
00:16:34,780 --> 00:16:38,180
Are you working next week?
239
00:16:38,180 --> 00:16:41,320
Are we working next week?
240
00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:44,570
Are they working next week?
241
00:16:44,570 --> 00:16:47,660
Is he working next week?
242
00:16:47,660 --> 00:16:49,750
Is she working next week?
243
00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:50,750
Okay?
244
00:16:50,750 --> 00:16:52,370
That's basically it.
245
00:16:52,370 --> 00:16:57,660
And of course, we can add question words before
that.
246
00:16:57,660 --> 00:16:58,660
When are we working?
247
00:16:58,660 --> 00:17:04,730
Well, in this case, if somebody was asking
you, then you wouldn't have that in the question,
248
00:17:04,730 --> 00:17:06,910
but you would have it in your answer, okay?
249
00:17:06,910 --> 00:17:09,189
I'm working on Tuesday next week.
250
00:17:09,189 --> 00:17:10,189
Okay?
251
00:17:10,189 --> 00:17:11,189
Like that.
252
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:13,520
Where are we working next week?
253
00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:15,940
How long are we working next week?
254
00:17:15,940 --> 00:17:16,940
Like that, okay?
255
00:17:16,940 --> 00:17:23,600
So, when you have those question words, just
put them in here before all of this structure,
256
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:29,530
but all of this structure has to remain the
same, and that's how you use present continuous
257
00:17:29,530 --> 00:17:30,530
for the future.
258
00:17:30,530 --> 00:17:35,910
Now, let's focus on some of the spelling changes
we need to make when using contractions.
259
00:17:35,910 --> 00:17:38,910
So, let's look at this example.
260
00:17:38,910 --> 00:17:46,840
Instead of saying "You are", you could say
"You're", and how did we do that?
261
00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:53,920
We basically took these two words, we took
out the "a" and we added an apostrophe in
262
00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:56,770
the place of the missing letter.
263
00:17:56,770 --> 00:18:00,060
And that's basically what happens in all of
these.
264
00:18:00,060 --> 00:18:04,440
For example, "I am" becomes "I'm".
265
00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:16,730
You're, We're, They're, He's - this is, what,
this is "he is", right?
266
00:18:16,730 --> 00:18:24,350
We're cancelling the "I" and putting the apostrophe
and making it into "He's".
267
00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:28,850
She's and It's, okay?
268
00:18:28,850 --> 00:18:32,560
Making it negative: I'm not.
269
00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:35,660
You're not.
270
00:18:35,660 --> 00:18:38,380
We're not.
271
00:18:38,380 --> 00:18:40,710
They're not.
272
00:18:40,710 --> 00:18:43,610
He's not.
273
00:18:43,610 --> 00:18:46,590
She's not, and It's not.
274
00:18:46,590 --> 00:18:51,140
And if you're using this, of course, for the
future, you'd be saying more than that, you'd
275
00:18:51,140 --> 00:18:55,240
be say "We're not working", or "We're not
going to work", right?
276
00:18:55,240 --> 00:19:00,190
But I'm just focusing right now on the contraction
part of it.
277
00:19:00,190 --> 00:19:06,350
The other way you can make it negative for
I, we don't have any other option, but for
278
00:19:06,350 --> 00:19:09,240
You and all of the others, we do.
279
00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:13,400
So you could either say "You're not" or "You
aren't".
280
00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:16,030
So, what happened here?
281
00:19:16,030 --> 00:19:17,030
Let's look.
282
00:19:17,030 --> 00:19:20,421
Let's take these three words, these are the
three words that we're working with: you are
283
00:19:20,421 --> 00:19:24,680
not, to make this one, what did we do?
284
00:19:24,680 --> 00:19:30,870
We cancelled the "a" here and added the apostrophe
and we joined these: You're not.
285
00:19:30,870 --> 00:19:38,880
And here, same three words: you are not, but
here, we contracted this part, we took out
286
00:19:38,880 --> 00:19:45,110
the "o", added the apostrophe and joined those
two words, okay?
287
00:19:45,110 --> 00:19:49,930
And that's how you can always think it through,
even if you can't remember the spelling, you
288
00:19:49,930 --> 00:19:55,460
don't have to remember it so much as understand
how that contraction is being formed and then
289
00:19:55,460 --> 00:19:58,370
you'll be able to write it correctly yourself.
290
00:19:58,370 --> 00:20:03,380
But let's just say it: You aren't.
291
00:20:03,380 --> 00:20:06,340
We aren't.
292
00:20:06,340 --> 00:20:08,900
They aren't.
293
00:20:08,900 --> 00:20:10,490
He isn't.
294
00:20:10,490 --> 00:20:13,670
She isn't.
295
00:20:13,670 --> 00:20:14,730
It isn't.
296
00:20:14,730 --> 00:20:15,780
Okay?
297
00:20:15,780 --> 00:20:22,280
So, those are the contractions that you need
to use with these forms of the future.
298
00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:27,380
Now, let's look at how to give short answers
when you're asked questions about the future
299
00:20:27,380 --> 00:20:31,180
that use "going to" or the present continuous
tense.
300
00:20:31,180 --> 00:20:36,670
So, let's look at the first question: Are
they going to call you?
301
00:20:36,670 --> 00:20:42,680
So here, the person asked a question using
"going to", okay, asking about the future.
302
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:44,180
Are they going to call you?
303
00:20:44,180 --> 00:20:54,880
So, you could simply answer "Yes, they are.",
or "No, they're not.", or "No, they aren't.",
304
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:55,950
okay?
305
00:20:55,950 --> 00:21:00,390
We don't have to repeat the whole question,
we don't have to say "Yes, they are going
306
00:21:00,390 --> 00:21:03,400
to call.", we just say "Yes, they are."
307
00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:04,430
"No, they're not."
308
00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:07,290
"No, they aren't.", alright?
309
00:21:07,290 --> 00:21:14,360
And you can know that, usually how to answer
because you can take part of your answer,
310
00:21:14,360 --> 00:21:19,520
most of the time, not always, we'll see, from
the question itself, okay?
311
00:21:19,520 --> 00:21:24,870
So, it starts with "are they" and we answer
"Yes, they are.", okay?
312
00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:29,190
Here, in the positive answer, we cannot use
any contraction.
313
00:21:29,190 --> 00:21:33,660
But in the negative answer, of course, we
can.
314
00:21:33,660 --> 00:21:41,380
And we're going to use the contraction because
this is all informal conversation or communication.
315
00:21:41,380 --> 00:21:46,230
Let's look at the next one: Is Maria joining
us for dinner tonight?
316
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:51,840
This time, the person didn't say "going to
join us", they just used present continuous
317
00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:55,680
for the future: Is Maria joining us for dinner
tonight?
318
00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:58,490
So, we can say what?
319
00:21:58,490 --> 00:22:08,300
"Yes, she is.", or "No, she's not.", or "No,
she isn't.", alright?
320
00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:13,870
Again, the positive answer has no contraction,
alright?
321
00:22:13,870 --> 00:22:18,120
And here's another one which is something
you should learn because, very often, people
322
00:22:18,120 --> 00:22:20,760
will be asking you something about you.
323
00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:25,790
So, let's look at a sample of that: Are you
leaving soon?
324
00:22:25,790 --> 00:22:30,000
Now here, the answer cannot be taken from
"are", because they're asking about you and
325
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:35,590
you have answer with "I", so here, it would
be: Are you leaving soon?
326
00:22:35,590 --> 00:22:40,000
"Yes, I am.", or "No, I'm not.".
327
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:45,030
So, these are probably good for you to memorize
as answers: Yes, I am.
328
00:22:45,030 --> 00:22:46,380
No, I'm not.
329
00:22:46,380 --> 00:22:50,750
Again, this one, the positive one has no contraction,
right?
330
00:22:50,750 --> 00:22:52,590
But this one does.
331
00:22:52,590 --> 00:22:53,590
Okay?
332
00:22:53,590 --> 00:22:55,270
Are you enjoying yourself?
333
00:22:55,270 --> 00:22:57,830
Are you having a good time learning this?
334
00:22:57,830 --> 00:23:01,510
You could say, I hope, "Yes, I am."
335
00:23:01,510 --> 00:23:04,470
Now, let's practice what you've learned.
336
00:23:04,470 --> 00:23:12,500
So, in the first three sentences, we will
add "going to" to talk about the future.
337
00:23:12,500 --> 00:23:17,320
Number one: John ___________ (watch) TV.
338
00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:19,800
So, what would you say?
339
00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:32,610
John is going to watch TV.
340
00:23:32,610 --> 00:23:33,610
Okay?
341
00:23:33,610 --> 00:23:36,000
John is going to watch TV.
342
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:42,060
You could also use a contraction and say,
"John's going to watch TV".
343
00:23:42,060 --> 00:23:51,179
Alright, number two: The kids, which is sort
of slang for saying children, okay?
344
00:23:51,179 --> 00:23:56,150
The kids ____________ (not play) outside.
345
00:23:56,150 --> 00:23:58,900
What would that be?
346
00:23:58,900 --> 00:24:14,250
The kids - now, make it negative - aren't
going to play outside.
347
00:24:14,250 --> 00:24:17,600
The kids are not going to play outside.
348
00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:22,020
Or, the kids aren't going to play outside.
349
00:24:22,020 --> 00:24:23,190
Very good.
350
00:24:23,190 --> 00:24:27,700
Number three: Susan __________ (go) to the
store.
351
00:24:27,700 --> 00:24:30,220
Pay attention to this one.
352
00:24:30,220 --> 00:24:34,960
I want you to use "going to" and what's our
verb?
353
00:24:34,960 --> 00:24:35,960
Go.
354
00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:38,360
That can happen.
355
00:24:38,360 --> 00:24:43,920
So just follow the same principle as you did
here.
356
00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:52,470
Susan is going to - and now what's our verb?
357
00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:53,470
Go.
358
00:24:53,470 --> 00:25:01,250
So, yes, we can say "Susan is going to go
to the store.", alright?
359
00:25:01,250 --> 00:25:03,620
If that's your verb, that's what you say.
360
00:25:03,620 --> 00:25:06,059
Susan is going to watch TV.
361
00:25:06,059 --> 00:25:08,630
Susan is going to lay outside.
362
00:25:08,630 --> 00:25:11,670
Susan is going to go to the store.
363
00:25:11,670 --> 00:25:19,110
So sometimes, the verb itself is "go", plus
in any case, you have to use "going to", so
364
00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:20,270
that's fine.
365
00:25:20,270 --> 00:25:22,140
That's what you do, alright?
366
00:25:22,140 --> 00:25:26,750
Alright, now for these three, let's use the
present continuous.
367
00:25:26,750 --> 00:25:33,200
He __________ (play) golf today.
368
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:46,240
He - let's use the contraction - He's playing
golf today.
369
00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:47,240
Alright?
370
00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:48,240
Good.
371
00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:53,800
Number five: We ___________ (not stay) home
tonight.
372
00:25:53,800 --> 00:26:02,500
So, it's negative, it's present continuous
for the future, let's use the contraction.
373
00:26:02,500 --> 00:26:10,770
We're not staying home tonight.
374
00:26:10,770 --> 00:26:15,840
Or you could say "We aren't staying home tonight."
375
00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:17,140
Good.
376
00:26:17,140 --> 00:26:23,830
Number six: Jeff _____________ (teach) a class
tomorrow.
377
00:26:23,830 --> 00:26:26,010
What would you say?
378
00:26:26,010 --> 00:26:34,179
Jeff is teaching a class tomorrow.
379
00:26:34,179 --> 00:26:40,300
Now, you see in all three of these, because
we're using present continuous for the future,
380
00:26:40,300 --> 00:26:41,860
what do we have to have?
381
00:26:41,860 --> 00:26:44,180
This time marker.
382
00:26:44,180 --> 00:26:47,760
Today - playing golf today - later today.
383
00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:51,620
It's still the future.
384
00:26:51,620 --> 00:26:54,880
Tonight - later tonight, or tomorrow, also
the future.
385
00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:55,880
Alright?
386
00:26:55,880 --> 00:27:01,460
So, make sure that you add that time marker
with the present continuous.
387
00:27:01,460 --> 00:27:04,630
Number seven, now we're going to make questions.
388
00:27:04,630 --> 00:27:07,970
Let's do the first one with the present continuous.
389
00:27:07,970 --> 00:27:13,750
What/you/do/about the problem?
390
00:27:13,750 --> 00:27:17,510
How would you form that question?
391
00:27:17,510 --> 00:27:21,570
So, we start with what.
392
00:27:21,570 --> 00:27:25,620
What - you do about the problem.
393
00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:42,380
Make it into present continuous: What are
you doing about the problem?
394
00:27:42,380 --> 00:27:46,320
Okay?
395
00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:47,410
That's it.
396
00:27:47,410 --> 00:27:48,420
Good.
397
00:27:48,420 --> 00:27:54,480
And then, number eight, let's use "going to".
398
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:57,299
When/he/contact you?
399
00:27:57,299 --> 00:27:59,110
What would it be?
400
00:27:59,110 --> 00:28:12,780
When is he going to contact you?
401
00:28:12,780 --> 00:28:14,480
Okay?
402
00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:17,650
When is he going to contact you, alright?
403
00:28:17,650 --> 00:28:24,910
So, there you have the practice that we have
done with all of these forms of the future.
404
00:28:24,910 --> 00:28:29,800
Now, let's look at some common mistakes and
you can help me fix them.
405
00:28:29,800 --> 00:28:32,070
So, the first one.
406
00:28:32,070 --> 00:28:36,640
This student wrote: When they are arriving?
407
00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:40,980
So, what's wrong there?
408
00:28:40,980 --> 00:28:44,020
This is a problem of word order.
409
00:28:44,020 --> 00:28:46,960
So, what do we need to do when we have a question?
410
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:49,910
We need to change the order of the words.
411
00:28:49,910 --> 00:28:57,160
So, in this case, it would have to be "When
are they arriving?".
412
00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:58,440
Okay?
413
00:28:58,440 --> 00:28:59,500
When are they arriving?
414
00:28:59,500 --> 00:29:05,770
So, be careful of the word order, especially
in questions.
415
00:29:05,770 --> 00:29:12,580
The other student wrote: They bring the drinks
tomorrow.
416
00:29:12,580 --> 00:29:13,580
How can we fix that?
417
00:29:13,580 --> 00:29:16,860
What's missing?
418
00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:23,660
Let's say that what's missing is "going to",
that's one way to talk about the future, right?
419
00:29:23,660 --> 00:29:27,460
So, where would we put that?
420
00:29:27,460 --> 00:29:36,540
They are going to bring the drinks tomorrow.
421
00:29:36,540 --> 00:29:40,220
They are going to bring the drinks tomorrow.
422
00:29:40,220 --> 00:29:41,559
Okay?
423
00:29:41,559 --> 00:29:42,910
Good.
424
00:29:42,910 --> 00:29:47,620
Another student wrote: She going to be happy.
425
00:29:47,620 --> 00:29:49,760
What did this student forget?
426
00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:56,880
They forgot the verb "to be", so what should
it be?
427
00:29:56,880 --> 00:30:02,560
She is going to be happy.
428
00:30:02,560 --> 00:30:04,000
Alright?
429
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:10,700
Next, this person wrote: Your going to be
late.
430
00:30:10,700 --> 00:30:14,440
So, what's wrong there?
431
00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:16,580
Look carefully.
432
00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:21,970
So, this is a spelling mistake.
433
00:30:21,970 --> 00:30:26,559
What should it be?
434
00:30:26,559 --> 00:30:32,010
You're - spelled like this: You're.
435
00:30:32,010 --> 00:30:39,830
This is short for "You are going to be late",
but "your" is the possessive form of "you",
436
00:30:39,830 --> 00:30:44,220
like "your book", "your office", like that.
437
00:30:44,220 --> 00:30:48,940
That has a different meaning and you don't
want to mix up these two words.
438
00:30:48,940 --> 00:30:55,799
Next, this person wrote: He's gonna call you
later.
439
00:30:55,799 --> 00:30:59,990
So, what's going on there?
440
00:30:59,990 --> 00:31:01,760
What is that?
441
00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:10,120
You might have heard it, okay, people do use
it, but this term "He's gonna" is slang.
442
00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:13,210
So, does that mean you can never use it?
443
00:31:13,210 --> 00:31:19,290
No, you can, but you need to be aware that
it is slang.
444
00:31:19,290 --> 00:31:21,030
It is not formal English.
445
00:31:21,030 --> 00:31:28,950
It is not informal English either, because
even in informal English, we can use good
446
00:31:28,950 --> 00:31:34,410
English, and then there's slang, and you can
use slang with your friends if you're just
447
00:31:34,410 --> 00:31:41,130
fooling around, something like that, but just
be aware that it is slang and you don't - maybe
448
00:31:41,130 --> 00:31:46,620
you don't want to use it in a professional
situation or something like that, or in an
449
00:31:46,620 --> 00:31:48,890
academic situation, okay?
450
00:31:48,890 --> 00:31:51,210
So be careful of this one.
451
00:31:51,210 --> 00:31:58,820
And if you don't want to use it, then you'd
have to say, "He's going to call you later."
452
00:31:58,820 --> 00:31:59,850
Okay?
453
00:31:59,850 --> 00:32:00,880
Alright.
454
00:32:00,880 --> 00:32:02,240
And let's look at this one.
455
00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:09,600
This person wrote, talking about the future,
"Donna is driving to Florida.", okay.
456
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:12,780
So, what's happening there?
457
00:32:12,780 --> 00:32:19,990
As such, grammatically the sentence is correct,
Donna is driving to Florida, but what does
458
00:32:19,990 --> 00:32:21,500
it mean right now?
459
00:32:21,500 --> 00:32:23,500
It's present continuous.
460
00:32:23,500 --> 00:32:29,299
It means this is happening right now, but
that's not what we wanted to say.
461
00:32:29,299 --> 00:32:31,960
We wanted to say - about the future.
462
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:35,490
We wanted to talk about the future, so what
do we need to add?
463
00:32:35,490 --> 00:32:38,980
We need to add the time marker.
464
00:32:38,980 --> 00:32:43,059
Some kind of phrase to indicate that we're
talking about the future.
465
00:32:43,059 --> 00:32:51,690
So, we could say "Donna is driving to Florida
next week.", or tomorrow, or anything else
466
00:32:51,690 --> 00:32:52,690
like that, okay?
467
00:32:52,690 --> 00:32:53,690
Next summer, anything.
468
00:32:53,690 --> 00:32:59,059
Some kind of time marker.
469
00:32:59,059 --> 00:33:04,720
And then, now, it's complete because you're
using the present continuous for the future
470
00:33:04,720 --> 00:33:06,810
with a time marker.
471
00:33:06,810 --> 00:33:12,970
So, be careful of these kind of mistakes when
you're using these expressions and tenses.
472
00:33:12,970 --> 00:33:17,750
Now, let's finish by doing a quick review
of what we learned in this class.
473
00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:23,230
So, we learned how to use "going to" to talk
about the future.
474
00:33:23,230 --> 00:33:29,270
We learned how to use the present continuous
for the future, we learned when to use them,
475
00:33:29,270 --> 00:33:31,450
how to use them, right?
476
00:33:31,450 --> 00:33:36,840
And by now, you should feel comfortable making
sentences and questions like these.
477
00:33:36,840 --> 00:33:39,250
Let's have a quick look.
478
00:33:39,250 --> 00:33:42,340
He's going to travel.
479
00:33:42,340 --> 00:33:44,460
He's not going to travel.
480
00:33:44,460 --> 00:33:48,140
He isn't going to travel.
481
00:33:48,140 --> 00:33:50,580
Or, Is he going to travel?
482
00:33:50,580 --> 00:33:51,580
Right?
483
00:33:51,580 --> 00:33:55,830
So, we had our positive sentence, our negative
sentences, and our question.
484
00:33:55,830 --> 00:34:00,970
And we could add the question word, like "When
is he going to travel", "Where is he going
485
00:34:00,970 --> 00:34:02,929
to travel", and so on, okay?
486
00:34:02,929 --> 00:34:04,110
You've got it now.
487
00:34:04,110 --> 00:34:05,640
You have.
488
00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:06,640
Alright.
489
00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:09,010
Also, we could use what?
490
00:34:09,010 --> 00:34:11,679
Present continuous for the future.
491
00:34:11,679 --> 00:34:14,490
For example: They're moving in May.
492
00:34:14,490 --> 00:34:15,800
What does it mean to move?
493
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:18,599
To change your house from this house to another
house.
494
00:34:18,599 --> 00:34:22,979
To move from this city to another city, okay?
495
00:34:22,979 --> 00:34:32,049
The negative: They're not moving in May, or
They aren't moving in May, or Are they moving
496
00:34:32,049 --> 00:34:33,109
in May?
497
00:34:33,109 --> 00:34:34,109
Alright?
498
00:34:34,109 --> 00:34:39,230
So, when you can move comfortably between
these kind of sentences, sometimes using present
499
00:34:39,230 --> 00:34:45,909
continuous, sometimes using "going to" in
informal situations, for things that are planned,
500
00:34:45,909 --> 00:34:50,869
then you know how to use these to talk about
the future, alright?
501
00:34:50,869 --> 00:34:53,149
So, where can you go from here?
502
00:34:53,149 --> 00:34:58,380
Well, the best way is really to write some
sentences about your own life.
503
00:34:58,380 --> 00:35:00,789
What are you going to do after this lesson?
504
00:35:00,789 --> 00:35:03,289
What are you going to do this weekend?
505
00:35:03,289 --> 00:35:06,099
What are you going to do this month, this
year?
506
00:35:06,099 --> 00:35:11,220
Write some sentences about yourself, your
family, things like that, and that way, you'll
507
00:35:11,220 --> 00:35:17,630
make it personal and it will also feel more
meaningful to you because you're actually
508
00:35:17,630 --> 00:35:24,650
using it in a sensible way to talk about yourself
and about things that matter to you, okay?
509
00:35:24,650 --> 00:35:31,289
Then, when you're ready, you can move on to
watch the next video in this series which
510
00:35:31,289 --> 00:35:35,090
will help you to make further progress, alright?
511
00:35:35,090 --> 00:35:41,109
And if you need any more practice on this,
then by all means you can go to www.engvid.com
512
00:35:41,109 --> 00:35:43,930
to do a quiz on this lesson.
513
00:35:43,930 --> 00:35:44,930
Okay?
514
00:35:44,930 --> 00:35:48,000
So thanks very much for watching, and all
the best with your English.43303
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.