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Hi, I'm Rebecca. In this class, we will learn
all about the future perfect tense. Now, this
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class is part of a series, created by www.engvid.com, to help you master all of the English verb
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tenses, step by step. Now, the future perfect tense is an advanced tense, and it will allow
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you to speak about the future in a really
interesting way that may or may not exist
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in your own language. So, shall we begin?
Let's get started.
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So, we can use the future perfect tense in
two ways. We use it to talk about an action
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that will be completed before a specific time
in the future, or before another action in
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the future. So, let me explain again. It's
an action that will be finished or completed
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before a specific time in the future, or a
specific other action in the future. Okay?
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Let's look at an example. Then, you'll understand
a little bit better, and as we go through
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the lesson, you'll understand more and more.
Alright.
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So, let's look at this timeline. Let's pretend
that I'm a university student and this is
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where I am right now, okay? This is the present
in time. And I'm thinking ahead and so I'm
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saying, "Okay, six months from now, I will
finish university", but when I think ahead
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I say, therefore, "A year from now, or next
year at this time, what things will already
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be over next year, at this time, I will have
finished university. I will have completed
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all my classes. I will have passed all my
exams" and all of those things. So, what we're
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doing is we're using the future perfect to
explain all the things that will already be
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finished before a point in the future. Okay?
And as we go along, you'll understand more
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and more.
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Let's just look very quickly at the structure.
So, that's really easy. You just take the
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subject, I, You, We, They, He, She, It, which
you know very well. You add these two words
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for every subject, you don't have to change
anything, just say, for example, "I will have"
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and then we take the verb, a regular verb,
you can use the past participle or the past
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participle of an irregular verb. Doesn't matter.
Again, I'll explain that. So, you could say,
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"I will have finished university." I will
have completed my courses. I will have attended
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my classes, and so on, okay? That's the basic
overview.
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Now, let's look at when to use the future
perfect tense, so you can understand a little
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more clearly. So, we use it, remember, to
describe an action that will be completed
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before a specific time in the future. For
example: By next July, they will have moved
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to the States, they will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home. So,
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where is the future perfect here? In three
places. "Will have moved", "will have started",
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and "will have bought". Right? By this time
in the future, by next July, these three things
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will have happened already. Okay? That means
these things will have happened before. They
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will have moved. They will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home before
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next July. Okay? Alright.
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We can also use it to talk about a completed
action that happens before another action
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in the future. I know, it all sounds a little
bit tricky, but it's not. It's really pretty
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easy to understand. So, let's look at the
example: Before you arrive, we will have eaten
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dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
Alright? So, before you arrive, certain things
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will already have happened. For that, we're
using that future perfect tense. All of this
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is happening in the future. You're going to
arrive in the future, and these things that
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I'm going to describe are going to happen
in the future. Everything is in the future,
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but in that future, what will happen first?
So, before you arrive, we will have eaten
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dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
"Will have eaten", "will have gone", okay?
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So here, we're linking it to another action
in the future. Here, we linked it to another
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time in the future. Okay?
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Next, we use it with certain expressions.
There are certain common expressions that
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you'll often find when using this tense, or
when you're reading this tense. Words like:
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before, right? We saw that. Before you arrive,
or by the time you arrive. By the time I finish
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university, okay? Or: by 9:00, alright? By
Monday, by next summer, okay? These are some
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common words and expressions that you can
use when you're using the future perfect tense.
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Now, let's look at the structure of the future
perfect tense. So, I've divided the board
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into three sections for positive sentences,
negative sentences, and for questions. So,
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let's go through them step by step.
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So, with a positive sentence, we're basically
going to follow this structure. We take the
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subject, which is any one of these words,
or any other word which is functioning as
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a subject. We add "will have" always, doesn't
matter which subject, and then you have to
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add the past participle of the verb. What
does that mean? It depends if we're talking
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about a regular verb or an irregular verb.
They change, the past participles are different.
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For a regular verb, it's simply the same past
tense form that you've always used, alright?
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Like work - worked. Brush - brushed. Dance
- danced, okay? That's the past participle
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form. It's the same as the simple past tense.
Now, with the irregular verbs, you have to
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learn that third form, okay? So, for example,
"leave, left, left", "I see, I saw, I have
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seen", right, seen. So, that third form is
what we need to use, and that is the past
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participle of the irregular verb, alright?
Now, when you study the verbs, you'll understand
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what is exactly that irregular form, and there's
always a list of irregular verbs in most grammar
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books. Okay? Alright.
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So, let's look at the positive sentence now.
So, you would say: I will have arrived. Let's
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say 24 hours from now, I will have arrived
in Tokyo. Okay? You will have arrived. We
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will have arrived. You can repeat it after
me. They will have arrived. He will have arrived.
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She will have arrived. It will have arrived.
For example, the delivery, the parcel, okay?
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The email, etc. Okay? That's with the regular
verb.
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Let's continue with the regular verb first,
okay? To make it negative, it's really easy.
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All we're doing is we're just adding "not",
okay? I will not have arrived by that time.
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You will not have arrived. We will not have
arrived. They will not have arrived. He will
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not have arrived. She will not have arrived,
and It will not have arrived, okay? So, that's
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really easy.
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Now, let's look at the question. With the
question, it would be: Will you have arrived?
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So here, it gets a little bit separated, right?
So, you have the "will" first, then you have
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your subject, and then "have" + the verb,
the past participle. So, "Will you have arrived
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by 8:00?" Will they have arrived home by then?
Okay? Will she have arrived tomorrow? Okay?
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By tomorrow? That's how the question would
be with the regular verb.
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With the irregular verb, basically you just
need that third form, which is the past participle,
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and then you follow the same structure, right?
You will have left by that time. They will
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have left. "Left" is the third form of the
verb "to leave", okay? And, if you want to
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make it negative, you would say, "They will
not have left." Again, we're just adding the
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"not", alright, to make it negative. There
is a contraction, which I will show you soon.
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But, for now, this is the basic structure,
alright? And then, again, the same thing if
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you're asking a question with the regular
or irregular verb, doesn't matter. You're
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following the same structure. So, "Will they
have left by that time?" Will she have left?
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Okay? That's basically it.
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Sometimes, when you're asking a question,
you might want to put in a phrase, a kind
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of like a question word or a phrase, like
"By what time will they have arrived?" So,
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I could write that, yeah? I could say "By
what time", and then I'll have to not make
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it capital, but just write with a small letter,
okay? Because I'm continuing it. By what time
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will they have arrived? Okay? That's it. And
if you've understood this, you've understood
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the structure of this tense. And basically,
just remember the "will have", and that's
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the key.
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Now, let's look at how we form contractions
with the future perfect tense. So, let's look
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at this sentence: I will have moved. That's
a sentence in the future perfect tense. But
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very often, in informal English, in conversational
English, we use contractions or shortened
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forms. So, let's see how to do that.
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So, instead of saying "I will", we can say,
"I'll". Say it after me: I'll, okay? It's
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a little bit tricky sometimes, to get that
"l" sound out, but you can. But make sure
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you are saying the "l" sound if you want to
use the contraction. Because otherwise, it
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will sound like "I have moved", and that's
different, okay? So, how did we get to this?
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We basically cancelled this part here and
added an apostrophe, and then we joined these
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two words and so it became "I'll". Say it
after me: I'll have moved. You'll have moved.
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Let's just say this part, okay? Because this
is the part we want to focus on. Later, you
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can say it by itself or in
a sentence. We'll. They'll. He'll. She'll.
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Let's say a couple of sentences: They'll have
moved. She'll have moved. Okay? So, you need
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to hear that "l" part before you go on. So,
that's for the positive sentence.
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Now, with the negative sentence, it's going
to be a little bit different. So, what happens
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- the normal negative sentence is "I will
not have moved", right? But, when we contract
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it, it's not logical. It doesn't follow the
normal rules, we just have to use another
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word. There's a kind of a linguistic history
why this happens, but it doesn't matter for
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you. For you, unless you're really, really
interested, you can look it up. But for now,
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just learn this form, and so, instead of saying
"I will not have moved", you just say, "I
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won't". Instead of "will not", we say "won't".
Say it after me: I won't have moved. You won't.
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We won't. They won't. He won't have moved.
She won't have moved by then. Okay? So, that's
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basically it. That's how we form the contractions
in the future perfect tense.
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Now, let's look at some of the spelling changes
we need to make when using the future perfect
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tense. So, the changes will be in the verbs,
right? Either you're going to use a regular
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verb or an irregular verb. The first part
of the structure is, more or less, the same.
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You use the subject, then you use "will have",
then you have to use the past participle.
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So, that's what we're going to look at. The
past participle of regular verbs and of irregular
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verbs.
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So, with regular verbs, it's just the regular
past simple form. So, let's look at some patterns
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of spelling changes that you need to make.
With most verbs, all you have to do to form
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that past participle or past simple form is
add -ed, right? That's all we're doing, we're
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adding -ed. Just like here: work becomes worked.
Check becomes checked. So, most verbs, we
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just add an -ed.
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With some verbs, however, we need to make
other changes. If the verb already ends with
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an e, then we don't need to add -ed, we just
add -d. For example: live becomes lived. Change
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becomes changed. Alright? So, all we added
there was just a -d.
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Next, let's look at another pattern of words.
If you have a word that ends - a verb, actually
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- that ends with a y, and before the y you
have a consonant, which means any other which
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is not a vowel. A vowel is A, E, I, O, U.
But if you have a y, and before the y you
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have a consonant like here: try, right? It
ends with y, and before it is a consonant,
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then what we do is we cancel the y and add
-ied. So, try becomes tried. Study becomes
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studied. Right? Same thing. I will have tried
my best. I will have studied for the exam.
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Right? Like that.
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And the last pattern that we can kind of see,
or one of the main patterns, is for verbs
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that end with what's called a c-v-c pattern.
So, "c" stands for consonant and "v" stands
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for vowel. So, we look at the verb from the
end. Let's look at this one, starts with a
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c at the end, then we have a vowel, and then
another c for consonant, right? C-v-c. So,
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when you see a verb like that, when we look
at it from the end and it has this pattern,
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then you double the last letter. So, ship
becomes shipped. They will have shipped your
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order, right? We see that here. Or, hug. To
hug means to embrace, like to embrace a child
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or embrace somebody that you love is to hug.
So, this also has a c-v-c pattern. So, the
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last letter gets doubled. Hug - hugged. Alright?
There you go.
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So, these are some of the main changes with
the regular verbs. Now, with the irregular
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verbs, that's the third form, and you pretty
much have to learn them, and you probably
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know lots of them already. Because you've
heard them, you've read them, and you may
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know many more than you actually realize.
But these are just some of them that I've
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given to you, a few of the most common.
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For example: go becomes gone in the third
form, alright? We're talking about that third
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form, that past participle that we need to
use with the future perfect tense. I will
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have gone. Do becomes done. He will have done
his homework. Give becomes given. They will
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have given. Take becomes taken. We will have
taken. Write becomes written. She will have
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written the report. Okay? And these are just
a few of them. There are many more. You can
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find a long list of them in any good grammar
book, or online.
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Now, let's practice what we've been learning.
So, we're going to take some positive sentences,
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some negative ones, and one question. And
we're going to change them all into the future
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perfect tense. Alright.
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Number one: By the time he gets to the airport,
the flight __________ (arrive). We want you
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to use the verb "arrive". So, how can you
express that in the future perfect? By the
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time he gets to the airport, the flight - yes
- will have - and then "arrive" is a regular
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verb, so it becomes "arrived". Okay? Will
have arrived. Good.
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Let's look at number two: Next August, we
________ (be) - using the verb "be" - We _________
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married for 25 years. What would that one
be? Next August, we - yes - will have - and
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what's the form of "be" that we have to use
here? That's an irregular verb. What's the
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third form? Will have been married for 25
years. Okay? "Will have been", "Will have
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arrived", these are all future perfect tense.
Okay.
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Number three: By 3:00, he __________ (give)
his presentation. And we want to use the verb
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"give". So, what would that be? By 3:00, he
will have - give becomes what? Given, okay?
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This is another irregular verb. The three
forms of that are "give, gave, given". And
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here, we need that third form. Alright.
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Number four: By 9:00pm, we ___________ (have)
dinner. Now, the verb you're going to use
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is "have". Don't let that confuse you. So:
We - what do we say? We will have - what's
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your verb? The verb you have to use - this
you have to say anyway, right? Will have.
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Now, you have to take the verb, just like
you took "give" and made it "given", you take
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"have" and make it what? We will have had
dinner. Yes, we have this kind of construction
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in English. We will have had dinner. Why?
Because the expression here is "to have dinner",
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so that's your verb. Just like here, the expression
was "to give a presentation". Alright? Or
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here, "to be married". So, whatever that verb
is, you use the third form of that. Okay?
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Alright, very good.
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Now, let's make some sentences negative. I
__________ (finish) work by 8:00pm. The verb
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is "finish", but now, we're going to make
it negative. So, what will that be? I will
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not have finished, right? Because finish becomes
finished, right? I will not have finished
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work by 8:00pm, okay? Or, if we wanted to
contract it, what could we say? I won't - I
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won't have finished work by 8:00pm, okay?
Very nice.
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Number six: They ____________ (do) their homework.
What does that become? They will not have
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- what does do become? It's an irregular verb,
and the third form is - they will not have
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done their homework. Alright? Very nice.
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Now, for the last one, let's make a question.
So: ______ he __________ (eat) by then? How
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do we start the question? Which word first?
The word "will" - Will he have - what's the
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form of the verb we need here? It's an irregular
verb. Will he have eaten by then? Okay? Alright.
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So, how did you do on those? Did you feel
good? You're getting the hang of it? You're
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getting used to it? That's the way. Practice
is always the best way to perfect something.
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Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are made when using the future perfect tense.
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So, sometimes, the mistake is in the verb
form for regular verbs. Let's look at an example,
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and then you can help me to fix it. "By Monday,
he will have start his new job." So, where's
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the mistake? The mistake is in the verb itself,
in the regular verb. What should it be? By
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Monday, he will have - not "start" but "started",
right? We have to change it to that form.
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He will have started his new job. So, sometimes
that regular verb isn't changed properly.
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So, make sure that when you're writing it
and using it, you do change it.
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Sometimes, the mistake is in the verb form
for an irregular verb. For example: In the
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next few years, they will have teach thousands
of children. So, again, where's the mistake?
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In the verb form itself. This is an irregular
verb. Let's go through it again: In the next
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few years, they will have _________ thousands
of children. So, what's the third form of
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"teach"? It is "taught", taught. They will
have taught thousands of children. Okay? Good.
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Spelling. Sometimes, the mistakes are in spelling.
We looked at some of those earlier. For example:
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By next month, we will have planed the conference.
That's what the person wanted to write, but
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they made a little mistake in the spelling.
Where's the mistake? Can you find it? So,
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the mistake is actually in the spelling of
the verb. So, let's look carefully: By next
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month, we will have - whoops. That's wrong.
Look, it's - the verb is "plan", right? So,
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there's c-v-c, right? So, it should be "planned",
right? We need to - in this case, we needed
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to double the last letter.
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And sometimes, the mistake is in the question
form. Let's look at what this student wrote:
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You will have finished shopping by that time?
Now, if somebody said that, will I understand
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them? Yes, I will understand them. But is
it correct? No, it's not correct. And if you
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write that in a test or an exam or an email,
it doesn't sound very good. It's not correct.
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So, how could we fix it. It's really easy.
Remember the form for the question? How will
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it start? It will start like this: instead
of "you will", which is like a sentence, we
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change the order and we write "Will you have
finished shopping by that time?" okay? So,
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remember, questions start with "will you",
"will they", "will we", "will he", right?
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That's the way we start the questions.
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Now, these are just a few examples that I
gave you, but they're just to show you the
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kind of mistakes that are possible. So, be
careful not to make mistakes with the verb
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form for regular verbs or irregular verbs,
the spelling of the verbs, and especially
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with the questions.
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So now, let's review. We have learned how
to use the future perfect tense and when to
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use it. And you know how to use it when you
can do three things: make a positive sentence,
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a negative sentence, and a question, such
as we have on the board.
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So, let's have a look at them. He will have
retired. Here, we have a regular verb, "to
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retire" means to stop working, because you
reach a certain age. So, we could say, "By
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00:29:46,830 --> 00:29:55,979
next year, he will have retired." Or: By next
year, he will not have retired. Or, we could
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ask a question: Will he have retired by next
year? Okay? When you can move quickly between
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those sentences, you've got it.
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Let's take an example with an irregular verb:
She will have spoken to John by next week.
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Or: She will not have spoken to John by next
week. Or: Will she have spoken to John by
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00:30:21,759 --> 00:30:28,700
next week? Alright? Again, here we have the
irregular verb "speak", which became "spoken".
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So yes, you have to learn those as you go
along.
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But I think you've done an amazing job. You
stuck with me till the end, and I know that
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you're serious, and I'm sure that you've mastered
a lot of this already. So, what you can do
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00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:48,839
now is write some sentences of your own. Practice
saying some sentences of your own to talk
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about your life, to talk about people in your
life. What will you have achieved by next
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00:30:54,940 --> 00:31:01,529
year? What will you have done by next year?
What will have completed by next year? Write
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00:31:01,529 --> 00:31:07,820
out some sentences. Write out some plans,
write out your vision for the future, okay?
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And you can use this tense and practice it.
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Then, when you're ready and you feel that
you're comfortable with this tense, move on
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to our next class, which is on the future
perfect continuous tense, which is also called
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the future perfect progressive tense. Alright?
And if you'd like to do a little more practice
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on this, you can always do a quiz at www.engvid.com
. So, thanks very much for watching, and I
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wish you the very best with your English.29889
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