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Are you alone in the universe?
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Or are you connected to anything?
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First of all, you’re part of a group of
mammals that’s still very young,
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but we can make YouTube
videos already,
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and build Large Hadron Colliders!
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We’ve also split the atom and
invented Pokémon.
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We stem from an ancient lifeform
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that began living about
three and a half billion years ago.
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We feel like we’re in control of this
planet, but we aren’t really.
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One little asteroid or one creative virus
is really all it would take
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to kill us off for good!
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Humanity credits itself with being
able to destroy the planet,
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but even with all our nuclear toys,
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we would probably just cause a
huge mass extinction, at best.
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Maybe we could kill 90% of
everything living on this planet.
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Big deal!
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A few million years later, life
would be back everywhere.
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Most microscopic life and
life below the surface
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wouldn’t even be disturbed
that much, probably.
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On a geological timescale,
our impact on Earth
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is kind of laughable.
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We’re actually not that powerful.
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We live on this tiny wet rock
that speeds through space
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following a massive ball of
burning plasma.
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One day, this ball of plasma
will stop burning
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and most likely kill us in the process.
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If we survive the death of the Sun
and colonize the galaxy,
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theoretically, we could survive until
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the last star in the universe goes out.
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After that, life becomes
pretty impossible.
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Okay, so everything has an end.
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Where does this leave you
as an individual?
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At one point in your life,
for about half an hour,
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you were only one single cell
inside your mother’s womb.
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A creature just 0.1 mm in diameter.
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Today, you consist of about
50 trillion cells.
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50 trillion incredibly complex
little biological machines
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that are much bigger and more complex
than the average bacteria!
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They operate by the laws of
physics and chemistry
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and use micromachines to build proteins,
make energy usable, devour food,
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transport resources, transmit information,
or reproduce.
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They communicate, duplicate, commit
suicide, fight off intruders, and fulfil
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super-specialized duties for the
greater good of keeping you alive
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so you can have babies.
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But where is the “you” part in this, if
you’re made of trillions of little things?
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The basic information for “you”
is stored in the DNA,
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a molecule that encodes
the genetic instructions
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used in the development and functioning
of all known living things.
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If you were to unravel it,
it would be two meters long!
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If you combined all the little
DNA strings in all your cells,
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you’d get a string so long that it would
stretch to Pluto and back to Earth.
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That’s pretty long!
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And your DNA is a direct connection
to your very first ancestor.
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Take a second to think about this:
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in every cell of your body,
there’s a little string of stuff
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that’s been there in various forms
for 3.4 billion years.
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It evolved, it mutated, it
duplicated trillions of times,
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but it directly connects you to the
first living being on this planet.
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We could say you “touched” every living
being that came before you
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with your DNA.
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But you are more than your DNA.
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Your body is made of
seven octillion atoms.
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That’s seven billion billion billions.
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Roughly 93% of the mass the human body
is made up of just three elements:
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oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.
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Oxygen and hydrogen are predominantly
found in water,
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which makes up about 60%
of the body by weight.
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Carbon is, maybe, the most
important element for life.
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It can easily bond with other atoms,
which allows for the building of long
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complex chains of molecules,
which make up the solid part of you.
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The remaining 7% is a tour of
the periodic table of elements:
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nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium,
sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium,
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iron, fluorine, zinc, copper, iodine,
selenium, chromium, manganese,
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molybdenum, cobalt, lithium, strontium,
aluminum, silicon, lead, vanadium,
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arsenic, and bromine… phew!
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By the way, this also means
you’re about 0.5% metal,
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no matter what your favorite music is.
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Anyway, these elements perform
various functions like
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enabling oxygen transport,
building of bones and cell structures,
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carrying signals, driving chemical
reactions, and a lot more.
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Your body is in a constant
state of transition.
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Every 16 days, 75% of “you”
has been replaced,
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because a healthy human exchanges about
100% of their water in that time period.
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Each year, about 98% of your atoms are
replaced by new ones,
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and every 5 years, close to all of the
atoms that make up your body
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weren’t there five years ago.
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So, you could call yourself
a temporary collection of atoms.
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But where did these atoms come from?
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In the beginning of the universe, there
were mostly hydrogen and helium atoms.
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Enormous gas clouds formed over millenia
and grew denser and denser,
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until they collapsed under their own
gravity, giving birth to the first stars.
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In the cores of these stars,
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hydrogen was converted into helium
under extreme conditions.
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After millions of years, the
hydrogen became exhausted,
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and the stars began dying.
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Under super-extreme conditions,
all elements we know today
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were created a fraction of a second before
they died and exploded in supernovas.
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They shot most of their
contents into space,
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while the cores collapsed and
became black holes.
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All these elements traveled through space
for who knows how long.
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Until they arrived at a different cloud
that was slowly forming a new star—
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our Sun.
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These elements, that once
were the insides of a star,
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formed planets and found
their way onto Earth,
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where they enabled life to begin.
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So we are directly connected to
the first stars ever born in the universe.
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We are part of the universe.
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The idea of being a deeply connected
minuscule part of an enormous structure
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is really mindblowing.
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We don’t know what all this means,
or if it means anything at all.
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We know that we are made of little
parts that connect us
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to everything in the universe, to
the beginning of everything.
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Then this is kind of a nice thought:
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you are not alone; you never
were; you never will be.
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