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The andes mountains.
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Peru.
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Towering, inhospitable peaks, that push the limits of the human body.
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But one lost civilization was notorious for their connection
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To this rarified air: The inca
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The largest, most expansive empire in the history of the americas.
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In just 100 years, the empire spread across south america,
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Building elaborate cities and temples, incorporating over 10 million people.
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But it disappeared in a matter of years,
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Leaving mysteries that have puzzled archeologists for decades.
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00:00:51,986 --> 00:00:57,089
Now, a scientist is searching for one of their last missing temples,
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At a cold and isolated lake, high in the peruvian andes.
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These sacred waters will push him to the cutting edge of exploration.
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In southeast peru, a team of scientists are en route
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To a remote corner of the country, to conduct
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The first ever archaeological survey of lake sibinacocha.
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Leading the expedition is national geographic explorer, preston sowell,
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Who's been studying this exotic watershed for nearly twenty years.
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Preston: We're at our base
camp elevation 16,000 feet.
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Narrator: Lake sibinacocha lies at the headwaters of the amazon river,
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Surrounded by enormous, glaciated peaks, and abundant wildlife.
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Preston: You never
know what you're
going to run into
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When you take people
into the mountains here.
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Narrator: It's a difficult place to reach,
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Which has kept out all but the most intrepid scientists.
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They've departed from cusco, the capital city of the inca empire,
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Which is still a thriving hub to this day.
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From the 1430's, for nearly 100 years, the inca spread out from cusco
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They conquered the many existing ethnic groups that spanned
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From modern-day colombia to central chile,
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Incorporating their beliefs and temples into a cohesive empire.
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But their most important sites are found in the cusco region.
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Places like the ceremonial center of ollantaytambo;
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The spectacular ruins of sacsayhuaman;
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And machu picchu, the royal estate of an inca emperor,
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Perched atop a sacred mountain, with some of the most precise
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And astounding architecture found anywhere in the world.
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However, despite its relatively close proximity to cusco, lake sibinacocha,
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And its surrounding watershed, have remained largely
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Overlooked by archaeologists,
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With little known about its ties to the inca
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Leaving us to wonder: What secrets they might have hidden here.
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(greetings in spanish)
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Preston sowell has brought together a group of peruvian archeologists,
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To investigate the lake, and its watershed.
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They're joined by professional mountain climbers, and scuba divers,
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To navigate the difficult terrain, above and below the water.
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Preston: Vamos a
sibinacocha!
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Narrator: This expedition marks the first time that trained archeologists
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Have visited here, where they will look
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For structures and artifacts from the past,
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Exploring the watershed's ridges, peaks, and shoreline,
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To try and learn what the area might have meant to the inca."
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To convince archeologists
that we might have
something special here,
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It's really the first step
in protecting this place.
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Martin: Beautiful.
Team: Woo!
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Narrator: Arriving at the lake, preston and the team could finally unlock
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The mysteries of this forgotten landscape.
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At home in boulder, colorado, preston works as an environmental consultant,
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Helping corporations and the us government
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Prevent and clean up environmental contamination.
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And for nearly 20 years, he's had his eye on the sibinacocha watershed,
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Where he's developed a deep appreciation for the landscape, its wildlife,
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And potential significance to the incas.
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Preston: I'm not an
archaeologist, my goal is
really to use this as a tool
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To protect this watershed.
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Narrator: It all started on an expedition in the early two thousands when preston
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Was studying an emerging frog disease that was decimating local populations,
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And he spotted a surprising species in the water.
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Preston: I lifted up a
rock and a much larger
frog took off.
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Narrator: To preston, it resembled the critically endangered
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Telmatobius culeus, or titicaca water frog,
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That was known to reside only in the lake titicaca watershed,
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More than 125 miles away.
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Titicaca was one of the most sacred places in the world for the inca,
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And if the frog was brought to sibinacocha for ceremonial purposes,
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It could indicate a sacred connection between the two lakes.
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Preston: It sort of
became a thorn in my side.
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I spent three expeditions
in the lake just trying
to find this damn frog.
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Narrator: During his search for the elusive frog,
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Preston made an even more unexpected discovery.
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He noticed two strange artifacts in the water,
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Surrounded by algae and weeds: A ceramic pot
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And what appeared to be a long, zigzagging wall, built with golden yellow stones,
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That looked like a giant snake.
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He didn't know it yet, but these artifacts would go on to define
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The next 20 years of his life.
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He'd been pulled into a fantastic new world, rich with myths and legends,
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And began researching the many mysteries of the inca,
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Who left few historical records after they were
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Overthrown by spanish conquistadors.
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He looked into the inca's religious beliefs:
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That the landscape was alive with gods and spirits,
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And that unique alignments of geographical features,
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Such as the position of different mountains, rivers,
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And lakes, were considered sacred.
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And the thing that interested the inca most was the high altitude peaks,
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Where their most important gods resided.
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Next, preston learned that zigzag walls, like the one found at sibinacocha,
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Are actually quite rare in the andean cultural realm,
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And almost always discovered near an important place,
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Like a shrine or temple, often near bodies of water.
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In fact, some lakes were considered especially important,
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And were called "paquarinas,
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"which means "sacred place of origin" in the inca's language.
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Preston: They were not only
where people were born from,
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But where their souls
went when they died.
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Narrator: The inca believed that the whole world floated on a body of water,
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And each lake was an entry point into a spirit world beneath the surface.
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Could lake sibinacocha possibly be one of these paquarinas?
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Preston: At that moment
I thought we were
really on to something.
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Narrator: As he continued his research, preston found one name at every turn:
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World famous archeologist, anthropologist,
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00:08:35,382 --> 00:08:38,783
And national geographic explorer, johan reinhard.
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Johan has spent much of his career locating the inca's most significant ceremonial
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Sites at some of the world's highest locations.
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Johan: Probably the biggest
driving force in my own life
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Would be the attraction to
mysteries, solving mysteries.
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Narrator: Johan developed an elite skillset,
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To help him explore the planet's most hard-to-reach locations,
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Becoming an expert in climbing, sky diving, and scuba diving.
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He used these skills in the highest mountain ranges
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Around the world, including peru.
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Preston: That dude has been
everywhere; his shadow just
covers the andes.
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Johan: One of the reasons
the incas seem so mysterious
to us is because we simply
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Don't have any written
language before the
spanish arrived.
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That creates a mystery.
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But their understanding was incomplete,
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Leaving johan to figure out for himself
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Why the incas were drawn to the highest places.
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Johan: These were
altitudes where they
thought the gods resided.
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Narrator: But these high areas were not always kind,
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Visiting biblical devastation upon the inca,
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Like earthquakes, long droughts, and torrential storms.
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So they would appeal to their mountain gods, for good will,
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Making offerings on the summits.
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00:10:24,424 --> 00:10:29,094
To study these sacred mountains, johan reinhard made more than 200 ascents
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Above 17,000 feet, in five andean countries,
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Discovering more than 50 archeological sites.
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But in all of his expeditions, one site eluded him:
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The temple of ausangate, built to worship one of the inca's most sacred peaks
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21,000 feet above sea level, nearly 60 miles from cusco.
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Ausangate is also visible from lake sibinacocha, 10 miles to the east.
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According to the mythology, this temple was built in ancient times,
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Long before the inca empire, beside a large lake at the base of ausangate,
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By the people of the vilcanota valley.
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The incas conquered the valley, and the temple
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Remained one of the most important in the region.
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Johan: A great temple, that
to this day nobody's found.
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Narrator: To better explore alpine lakes, johan helped pioneer the practice
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Of underwater archeology, and then brought it to the high mountains.
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Johan: Scuba
diving, at altitude.
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Narrator: Johan reached submerged sites that were previously
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Beyond the limits of human exploration.
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But to this day, he has not found the lost temple of ausangate.
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Johan: Feels like
unfinished business.
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Although I think
preston's kind of got
that terrain covered.
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Narrator: Preston begins to wonder if the lost temple could be at sibinacocha.
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So, he sets out to finish what johan had started.
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But first, he'll have to learn to scuba dive.
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Preston: I found a technical
diver named george watson,
who is a cave diver.
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When I told him about the
project he jumped right
in and agreed to train me.
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George: I have been diving
since 1974 and I've done
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A good deal of high-altitude
lake diving here in colorado.
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Narrator: Diving at altitude is especially dangerous,
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Because the thin air creates a greater difference
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Between the atmospheric pressure above and below the water.
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Without proper breathing mixtures and decompression,
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This can lead to crippling pain, paralysis, and death.
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Preston: It's all
theoretical, the dive
tables don't go that high,
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So nobody really knows
what happens to you.
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George: Diving at
16,000 feet is pretty
much unheard of,
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It's unique in the
diving world.
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Narrator: Add that to the thermal challenge of staying warm in water
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Only a few degrees above freezing, and it becomes a very formidable undertaking.
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Johan: The truth
is, you're working at
those altitudes blind.
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Preston: Ah, this
is such a bad idea.
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Johan: What preston's
done is exactly what
should be done.
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Taken a really more
difficult and dangerous
aspect of the research,
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00:13:39,452 --> 00:13:42,287
Which is searching
underwater as well.
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00:13:42,322 --> 00:13:50,962
(music)
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Narrator: After months of training,
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Preston and george finally make it to sibinacoacha,
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Along with a team of world-class divers, to examine the artifacts,
185
00:14:00,540 --> 00:14:02,740
And explore deeper within the lake.
186
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But the expedition ends in tragedy,
187
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When a member of the team perishes during a world record dive.
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00:14:14,955 --> 00:14:16,921
George: During the
dive, something went
terribly wrong.
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00:14:22,162 --> 00:14:24,863
Narrator: George and his dive partner, geoff belter,
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00:14:24,898 --> 00:14:28,800
Are suddenly out of air, and separated.
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00:14:28,835 --> 00:14:32,537
George shoots to the surface in an uncontrolled ascent,
192
00:14:32,572 --> 00:14:37,842
Expecting to die from decompression sickness.
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00:14:37,878 --> 00:14:42,313
His partner geoff never surfaces and can't be recovered.
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00:14:45,051 --> 00:14:49,821
George survives, but his rapid ascent and failed decompression injure
195
00:14:49,856 --> 00:14:56,461
His spinal cord, leaving him paralyzed from the waist down for nine months.
196
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It would take three years of rehab to regain his strength.
197
00:15:03,703 --> 00:15:07,472
Preston: I had a rough
couple years after that
and understanding
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00:15:07,507 --> 00:15:10,141
I had some responsibility
in this man's death.
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00:15:13,613 --> 00:15:17,382
Narrator: The memory has haunted preston ever since and given him a better
200
00:15:17,417 --> 00:15:21,920
Reason than ever to protect what is now his friend's final resting place.
201
00:15:35,936 --> 00:15:39,037
Narrator: A year after the accident, preston is back at the lake,
202
00:15:39,072 --> 00:15:44,008
To finally show his underwater discoveries to peruvian archeologists
203
00:15:44,044 --> 00:15:49,614
But this place carries a new weight for him now.
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00:15:49,649 --> 00:15:50,815
Preston: Geoff's
body is right there.
205
00:15:55,522 --> 00:15:58,523
I'm confident we won't have
any more accidents but
206
00:15:58,558 --> 00:16:00,291
I don't know if I have
ptsd or what,
207
00:16:00,327 --> 00:16:03,027
It's causing a
little anxiety.
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00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,400
Narrator: After dark, a local shaman performs
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00:16:09,436 --> 00:16:13,805
A special ritual offering to the gods of the area.
210
00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:16,975
Arturo: It's called
"despacho." this ritual
will be like asking for
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00:16:17,010 --> 00:16:20,778
Permission the pachamama,
to mother earth,
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00:16:20,814 --> 00:16:25,917
And the sacred mountains
here around sibinacocha
lake.
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00:16:25,952 --> 00:16:31,189
Preston: An offering to
the apus, to the local
gods to help protect us
214
00:16:31,224 --> 00:16:36,594
As we work here and to show
respect to geoff who lost
his life here last year.
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00:16:42,435 --> 00:16:47,472
Narrator: The people who live around sibinacocha have been here for generations,
216
00:16:47,507 --> 00:16:52,143
Living off of the land, and carrying on the inca's beliefs,
217
00:16:52,178 --> 00:16:56,814
Traditions, and language.
218
00:16:56,850 --> 00:17:00,385
Severino crispin has lived near sibinacocha his whole life.
219
00:17:04,591 --> 00:17:07,058
He's been the leader of this team of horse wranglers
220
00:17:07,093 --> 00:17:09,060
Since preston's first visit to peru.
221
00:17:27,180 --> 00:17:29,347
Narrator: Severino and the rest of the wranglers
222
00:17:29,382 --> 00:17:32,950
Still believe in the concept of sacred landscape.
223
00:17:32,986 --> 00:17:36,020
That the gods and spirits live within the land,
224
00:17:36,056 --> 00:17:40,658
Resting in boulders and other natural features called huacas.
225
00:17:40,693 --> 00:17:46,030
This gives preston and his team a direct link to their ancestral knowledge.
226
00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:47,765
Pedro: No, no, it
is always here.
227
00:17:47,801 --> 00:17:51,402
Narrator: He tells preston about the legend of sibinacocha,
228
00:17:51,438 --> 00:17:53,838
And what happened here, hundreds of years ago.
229
00:17:59,212 --> 00:18:01,946
Narrator: According to the legend, there was once a large city
230
00:18:01,981 --> 00:18:04,682
On an island in the lake.
231
00:18:04,717 --> 00:18:07,885
One day, an old beggar showed up at a wedding,
232
00:18:07,921 --> 00:18:10,021
And called upon the lake to swallow the town.
233
00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:24,836
Preston: It really makes
me wonder what's out
there under the water.
234
00:18:24,871 --> 00:18:27,438
Narrator: The legend corresponds with a scientific theory
235
00:18:27,474 --> 00:18:30,141
For the lake that the water level rose,
236
00:18:30,176 --> 00:18:33,678
Sometime during the inca empire, due to a change in climate,
237
00:18:33,713 --> 00:18:36,147
Or natural disaster.
238
00:18:37,984 --> 00:18:41,319
This would have submerged the shoreline, including the artifacts that preston
239
00:18:41,354 --> 00:18:48,860
Discovered in the water, which he is finally ready to show to carlos ausejo,
240
00:18:48,895 --> 00:18:52,396
Who will be the first archeologist to examine them up close.
241
00:18:57,203 --> 00:19:00,338
Carlos: This is what
I've been waiting for,
242
00:19:00,373 --> 00:19:05,610
Since the first time I
talked to preston about it,
it's pretty exciting.
243
00:19:05,645 --> 00:19:12,316
(music)
244
00:19:12,352 --> 00:19:15,553
Narrator: Under water, the pot appears intact,
245
00:19:15,588 --> 00:19:20,958
Perfectly preserved by the cold water, and protected from looters.
246
00:19:20,994 --> 00:19:26,764
Carlos also examines the golden, zig zagging, snake-like structure,
247
00:19:26,799 --> 00:19:31,102
And at this point, is well convinced of the site's significance
248
00:19:31,137 --> 00:19:33,371
And that the pot may have been left there
249
00:19:33,406 --> 00:19:36,641
As an offering, by inca or pre-inca people.
250
00:19:36,676 --> 00:19:39,877
Preston: Good job carlos.
Narrator: But why?
251
00:19:39,913 --> 00:19:42,213
Preston: You could
really see its shape.
252
00:19:50,557 --> 00:19:54,025
Narrator: The next step will be to recover the pot from the water,
253
00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:57,195
Carefully, and determine its origin,
254
00:19:57,230 --> 00:19:59,630
Carlos: Well we have a
lot of work to do.
255
00:19:59,666 --> 00:20:02,200
Preston: We have some boxes
to check before we can
claim that it is the temple
256
00:20:02,235 --> 00:20:09,240
Of ausangate, but it fits
with the legend and
history of the site.
257
00:20:09,275 --> 00:20:13,711
Narrator: They'll need permits to recover the pot, so that will have to wait.
258
00:20:15,381 --> 00:20:18,349
In the meantime, they surround the pot with sandbags,
259
00:20:18,384 --> 00:20:20,718
To protect it until they can return.
260
00:20:22,121 --> 00:20:27,091
Preston: The thing that really
terrifies me now is that we
won't get this done in time.
261
00:20:27,126 --> 00:20:29,460
Narrator: Constantino aucca is a co-founder
262
00:20:29,495 --> 00:20:32,763
Of the association of andean ecosystems,
263
00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:37,368
And one of the first conservationists to visit sibinacocha.
264
00:20:37,403 --> 00:20:41,205
Constantino: The lake of
sibinacocha is one of
the most important
265
00:20:41,241 --> 00:20:44,175
Wetlands in the world.
266
00:20:46,813 --> 00:20:50,014
Narrator: Constantino is most concerned about mining,
267
00:20:50,049 --> 00:20:55,553
Which has been edging closer and closer to the watershed.
268
00:20:55,588 --> 00:21:02,260
Constantino: From patagonia
to venezuela, all the andes,
they are full of minerals.
269
00:21:02,295 --> 00:21:06,864
Narrator: This region is very high in gold, silver, copper, and lithium,
270
00:21:06,899 --> 00:21:10,534
But extracting these minerals would be devastating,
271
00:21:10,570 --> 00:21:14,438
Poisoning the vilcanota river, the inca's most sacred waterway,
272
00:21:14,474 --> 00:21:17,341
Which flows directly out of sibinacocha,
273
00:21:17,377 --> 00:21:20,911
Feeding millions of people, and wildlife, downstream.
274
00:21:22,615 --> 00:21:25,683
Constantino: The landscape
is going to disappear.
275
00:21:25,718 --> 00:21:29,420
Narrator: Not only that, mining could destroy the cultural features
276
00:21:29,455 --> 00:21:33,891
And natural history of the area, before it has been properly studied.
277
00:21:37,130 --> 00:21:43,734
Preston: We have so
much to lose if this
place is destroyed,
278
00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:48,606
But peru has a law that
will allow you to protect
a cultural landscape.
279
00:21:48,641 --> 00:21:51,409
So we're sort of in a race
with the mining companies
now to try to prove
280
00:21:51,444 --> 00:21:53,844
That it is this sacred
ceremonial site.
281
00:22:06,826 --> 00:22:09,427
Can return to sibinacoacha,
282
00:22:09,462 --> 00:22:12,396
He must get through his next assignment:
283
00:22:12,432 --> 00:22:17,034
To guide a scientific expedition to the far reaches of the inca empire,
284
00:22:17,070 --> 00:22:21,739
In the atacama desert of central chile the driest place on earth.
285
00:22:25,345 --> 00:22:31,082
Preston: Part of why I'm going
is to try to understand this
dedication to high places.
286
00:22:31,117 --> 00:22:33,884
I think will really help
me understand what's
going on at sibinacocha.
287
00:22:37,657 --> 00:22:39,757
Narrator: The atacama desert is the home of the highest
288
00:22:39,792 --> 00:22:42,159
Archeological site in the world,
289
00:22:42,195 --> 00:22:46,797
Created by the inca five hundred years ago.
290
00:22:46,833 --> 00:22:50,534
Priests trekked, on foot, from their capital in cusco,
291
00:22:50,570 --> 00:22:54,071
Almost 1,000 miles, to mt llullaillaco,
292
00:22:54,107 --> 00:22:56,140
Near the edge of their known world.
293
00:22:57,643 --> 00:23:01,379
They used their extensive road systems, through some of the harshest conditions
294
00:23:01,414 --> 00:23:04,682
On the planet, to climb this sacred peak,
295
00:23:04,717 --> 00:23:07,118
And perform a special ceremony on the summit.
296
00:23:11,357 --> 00:23:15,259
Hundreds of years later, johan reinhard traveled to llullaillaco,
297
00:23:15,294 --> 00:23:18,295
To excavate on the summit.
298
00:23:18,331 --> 00:23:20,598
His findings would become one of the most significant
299
00:23:20,633 --> 00:23:23,467
Archeological discoveries in history.
300
00:23:25,538 --> 00:23:28,773
Johan: We knew it was an
important sight because
there were ruins at the base
301
00:23:28,808 --> 00:23:32,176
And because there were ruins
all the way to the top.
302
00:23:32,211 --> 00:23:33,644
You're not going to find
that unless there had been
303
00:23:33,679 --> 00:23:36,147
Some kind of offerings
made there.
304
00:23:37,850 --> 00:23:41,786
Narrator: The inca's climbing was far ahead of its time.
305
00:23:41,821 --> 00:23:45,089
They were the first to use modern mountaineering strategies,
306
00:23:45,124 --> 00:23:48,325
Establishing camps at key points along their routes,
307
00:23:48,361 --> 00:23:51,495
And braving the thin air to build ceremonial sites
308
00:23:51,531 --> 00:23:58,903
On more than 100 mountains above 17,000 feet the only society in history
309
00:23:58,938 --> 00:24:02,406
Known to make offerings at that altitude.
310
00:24:02,442 --> 00:24:07,745
In fact, no other culture in the world had reached those vertiginous heights,
311
00:24:07,780 --> 00:24:10,514
And after the inca, no one would reach the summit
312
00:24:10,550 --> 00:24:13,951
Of mt. Llullaillaco until the 1950's.
313
00:24:18,825 --> 00:24:22,893
Preston is here to guide a team of microbial biologists from the university
314
00:24:22,929 --> 00:24:28,399
Of colorado to their site halfway up the mountain.
315
00:24:28,434 --> 00:24:34,004
But he has a secondary motive: To follow in the footsteps of johan reinhard
316
00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:36,907
And increase his understanding of how the inca lived
317
00:24:36,943 --> 00:24:38,909
And died in the mountains.
318
00:24:44,951 --> 00:24:48,619
Preston and his team find life on the mountain challenging,
319
00:24:48,654 --> 00:24:52,456
Which makes the inca's accomplishments here that much harder to conceive.
320
00:24:54,494 --> 00:24:59,196
Preston: It's just hard to be
here, much less work here.
321
00:24:59,232 --> 00:25:03,968
Narrator: At mt llullaillaco's altitude, towering over 20,000 feet,
322
00:25:04,003 --> 00:25:08,606
Altitude sickness can cause fluid to leak from blood vessels into the brain,
323
00:25:08,641 --> 00:25:13,277
Which can be totally debilitating, and even deadly.
324
00:25:13,312 --> 00:25:17,481
So what could have compelled the inca to make such an arduous pilgrimage?
325
00:25:21,387 --> 00:25:24,288
When they climbed this peak 500 years ago,
326
00:25:24,323 --> 00:25:28,192
They likely thought the effects of the altitude were symptoms of the mountain gods
327
00:25:28,227 --> 00:25:32,463
Expressing their influence, and climbed through the pain,
328
00:25:32,498 --> 00:25:37,535
To the very summit, where they performed their sacred ceremony of human sacrifice.
329
00:25:41,774 --> 00:25:46,210
In 1999, johan ascended the inca's path to the summit,
330
00:25:46,245 --> 00:25:49,780
And made an archeological discovery like no other in history.
331
00:25:52,552 --> 00:25:59,290
A ceremonial platform, ritual offerings, and three perfectly preserved mummies,
332
00:25:59,325 --> 00:26:04,995
Aged six, seven, and fifteen.
333
00:26:05,031 --> 00:26:07,665
The inca selected the children for their beauty,
334
00:26:07,700 --> 00:26:10,467
From all corners of the empire,
335
00:26:10,503 --> 00:26:16,240
Who accepted their sacrifice as a great honor, to go and live forever with the gods.
336
00:26:20,413 --> 00:26:24,715
Human sacrifices were sometimes executed by strangulation,
337
00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:29,720
A blow to the head, or as in this case, they were drugged and buried alive.
338
00:26:43,703 --> 00:26:45,603
It was a powerful
moment for me.
339
00:26:45,638 --> 00:26:48,973
You have this feeling
like you just snapped
back in time.
340
00:26:49,008 --> 00:26:50,507
You could turn around
and see an incan priest,
341
00:26:50,543 --> 00:26:52,242
You know it's that
kind of feeling.
342
00:26:54,747 --> 00:26:57,615
Narrator: Although this practice seems horrific today,
343
00:26:57,650 --> 00:27:00,851
Human sacrifice was essential to the inca,
344
00:27:00,886 --> 00:27:03,621
And johan's discovery provided a major breakthrough
345
00:27:03,656 --> 00:27:06,657
In our understanding of their mountain worship,
346
00:27:06,692 --> 00:27:10,260
Adaptation to altitude, and inca genealogy.
347
00:27:16,235 --> 00:27:19,103
And even though preston did not reach the summit,
348
00:27:19,138 --> 00:27:23,040
He still felt the profound effects of mt llullaillaco's thin air,
349
00:27:23,075 --> 00:27:27,011
And gruesome history.
350
00:27:27,046 --> 00:27:30,681
Preston: I certainly
came down with a better
perspective
351
00:27:30,716 --> 00:27:36,453
On mountain worship and
sort of a renewed respect
for these people
352
00:27:36,489 --> 00:27:40,691
That saw these landscapes
as sacred just reaffirmed
353
00:27:40,726 --> 00:27:43,093
What I already believed
about sibinacocha.
354
00:27:47,633 --> 00:27:52,536
Narrator: Leaving mt llullaillaco, preston drives past a chilean copper mine,
355
00:27:52,571 --> 00:27:56,006
One of the largest in the world, which gives him an idea
356
00:27:56,042 --> 00:28:00,144
Of the environmental devastation caused by mineral extraction.
357
00:28:01,881 --> 00:28:03,414
Preston: This can't be
allowed at sibinacocha,
absolutely not.
358
00:28:18,497 --> 00:28:22,399
Narrator: Back in peru, preston has returned,
359
00:28:22,435 --> 00:28:24,568
To finally recover the ceramic pot,
360
00:28:24,603 --> 00:28:29,239
From the freezing water of lake sibinacocha.
361
00:28:29,275 --> 00:28:32,943
But that's not all, he's joined by george watson,
362
00:28:32,978 --> 00:28:36,547
Who spent the last three years rehabilitating his legs,
363
00:28:36,582 --> 00:28:41,852
So he could return to that fateful site, and help with the recovery.
364
00:28:41,887 --> 00:28:44,154
George: I've done an
awful lot of rehab and
a lot of training.
365
00:28:44,190 --> 00:28:47,491
With one goal in mind
and that was coming back.
366
00:28:47,526 --> 00:28:50,327
Narrator: And this year, they aren't taking any chances.
367
00:28:50,362 --> 00:28:51,695
Preston: There are a few
things I want to go over
368
00:28:51,731 --> 00:28:53,731
Just to get us started
because we got
369
00:28:53,766 --> 00:28:57,367
Narrator: They've assembled a crack team of divers, to assist in the recovery.
370
00:28:57,403 --> 00:28:59,903
Preston: These guys have
been my dive mentors
371
00:28:59,939 --> 00:29:03,407
Since I had to learn to dive
to do the work up here.
372
00:29:03,442 --> 00:29:07,077
Narrator: The team also includes archeologist martín polo,
373
00:29:07,113 --> 00:29:10,748
And conservation specialist, alexandra gambetta,
374
00:29:10,783 --> 00:29:14,918
Who will manage the recovery of the pot once it is out of the water,
375
00:29:14,954 --> 00:29:20,724
And look for ceremonial offerings, which were often placed inside ceramic vessels.
376
00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:23,127
Alexandra: What is
inside, we don't know.
377
00:29:23,162 --> 00:29:25,729
That's what we are
going to find out.
378
00:29:35,608 --> 00:29:40,544
Narrator: On the hike in to sibinacocha, emotions are running high,
379
00:29:40,579 --> 00:29:41,578
Especially for george.
380
00:29:48,754 --> 00:29:50,587
Preston: You walked in.
George: Yeah.
381
00:29:50,623 --> 00:29:52,956
Thanks for giving
me the opportunity.
382
00:29:52,992 --> 00:29:57,294
Thanks for believing I
could. It's beautiful.
383
00:29:57,329 --> 00:29:58,428
It's like I remember.
384
00:29:58,464 --> 00:30:10,474
(music)
385
00:30:10,509 --> 00:30:13,043
Narrator: The next morning, the dive team prepares their equipment
386
00:30:13,078 --> 00:30:15,746
For the pot recovery.
387
00:30:15,781 --> 00:30:18,415
They make a plan that involves each member of the team,
388
00:30:18,450 --> 00:30:20,918
To transfer the pot to a basket,
389
00:30:20,953 --> 00:30:24,588
And transport it with a lift bag, to the shore.
390
00:30:24,623 --> 00:30:30,160
And their work must be impeccable one mistake could cost them dearly
391
00:30:30,196 --> 00:30:33,163
And damage this one of a kind piece of history.
392
00:30:33,165 --> 00:30:43,207
(music)
393
00:30:43,209 --> 00:30:56,954
(music)
394
00:30:56,989 --> 00:31:01,358
Below the surface, george and preston think of their friend, geoff,
395
00:31:01,393 --> 00:31:03,927
Who cared so much about protecting this place.
396
00:31:03,963 --> 00:31:06,964
(music)
397
00:31:06,999 --> 00:31:10,033
First, preston leads the divers to the pot,
398
00:31:10,069 --> 00:31:13,470
And removes the sandbags they placed to protect it from weeds.
399
00:31:16,842 --> 00:31:21,144
Preston: To my relief the
pot looked untouched, it
was intact,
400
00:31:21,180 --> 00:31:24,014
And then the next
team took over.
401
00:31:24,049 --> 00:31:26,350
Narrator: As they transfer the pot to the basket,
402
00:31:26,385 --> 00:31:28,919
Sediment from the lake bottom is disturbed,
403
00:31:28,954 --> 00:31:32,723
Preston: By that time
visibility was almost zero.
404
00:31:32,758 --> 00:31:37,527
Narrator: But they are prepared for that.
405
00:31:37,563 --> 00:31:44,735
Momentarily blinded, george pulls out the lift bag, secures it to the basket,
406
00:31:44,770 --> 00:31:49,039
And just as planned, the pot floats off the lake bottom,
407
00:31:49,074 --> 00:31:52,843
Moving for the first time in hundreds of years.
408
00:31:52,878 --> 00:32:02,986
(music)
409
00:32:02,988 --> 00:32:22,539
(music)
410
00:32:22,574 --> 00:32:24,875
Alexandra: Wow.
Felipe: Ah!
411
00:32:24,910 --> 00:32:26,910
Un photo, un photo!
412
00:32:31,717 --> 00:32:35,385
Preston: Been a
long time coming.
413
00:32:35,421 --> 00:32:38,889
I learned how to dive
just to go down and
prove what that pot was,
414
00:32:38,924 --> 00:32:44,461
What this place was pretty
profound feeling.
415
00:32:52,671 --> 00:32:58,608
Narrator: For george, it is an incredible catharsis,
416
00:32:58,644 --> 00:33:05,515
Coming full circle on the thing that brought him to this lake, years ago.
417
00:33:05,551 --> 00:33:11,021
And for preston, he can finally sleep, knowing that this important artifact
418
00:33:11,056 --> 00:33:13,123
Will get the attention it deserves.
419
00:33:16,562 --> 00:33:19,096
Preston: Need bigger tweezers.
420
00:33:19,131 --> 00:33:22,933
Narrator: Back at camp, examination of the pot begins immediately,
421
00:33:22,968 --> 00:33:26,770
To remove the sediments for analysis, clean the ceramic,
422
00:33:26,805 --> 00:33:30,007
And finally see what, if anything, is inside.
423
00:33:35,014 --> 00:33:37,614
Martin: This in peru is the
first time we can recover
424
00:33:37,649 --> 00:33:44,187
An intact pot from a
submerged area.
425
00:33:44,223 --> 00:33:46,156
Narrator: Digging out the sediment, alexandra feels
426
00:33:46,191 --> 00:33:48,358
Something solid within the pot.
427
00:33:48,394 --> 00:33:49,493
Alexandra: It feels like
a stone or something.
428
00:33:53,365 --> 00:33:58,535
Narrator: Offerings could tell alexandra and martín why the pot was placed underwater.
429
00:33:58,570 --> 00:34:00,904
Alexandra: I've never
seen something like this.
430
00:34:00,939 --> 00:34:06,209
Narrator: She unearths the pot's unusual contents: Three polished stones,
431
00:34:06,245 --> 00:34:09,246
Which martín believes are ceremonial.
432
00:34:09,281 --> 00:34:12,449
Martin: I'm guessing it's
an offering to the lake.
433
00:34:12,484 --> 00:34:17,087
Alexandra: I've seen
pots with leaves,
organic material,
434
00:34:17,122 --> 00:34:24,261
Textiles, offerings, but
never with three stones
inside of the pot.
435
00:34:24,296 --> 00:34:26,396
It's fantastic.
436
00:34:29,768 --> 00:34:35,338
Narrator: Expert analysis reveals that the pot is 600 to a thousand years old,
437
00:34:35,374 --> 00:34:39,476
And archeologists believe that this vessel, and the stones inside,
438
00:34:39,511 --> 00:34:42,145
Were part of an offering, supporting the theory
439
00:34:42,181 --> 00:34:45,082
That this site did indeed have ceremonial significance.
440
00:34:50,289 --> 00:34:55,225
With the recovery complete, preston has one more goal to accomplish;
441
00:34:55,260 --> 00:34:59,296
So he moves the team around the lake, to the base of yayamari,
442
00:34:59,331 --> 00:35:02,232
The sacred mountain that looms over sibinacocha
443
00:35:02,267 --> 00:35:05,969
Like an ancient pyramid, to conduct a survey from the summit.
444
00:35:11,110 --> 00:35:15,212
Before long, a peculiar storm blows in, bringing snow,
445
00:35:15,247 --> 00:35:17,414
Hail, thunder, and lightning.
446
00:35:20,752 --> 00:35:24,454
Weather events were seen as acts of the gods by the inca;
447
00:35:24,490 --> 00:35:28,425
And thunder was how the mountains communicated with one another.
448
00:35:28,460 --> 00:35:31,595
Preston: You can see how
vulnerable you feel up
here in the mountains.
449
00:35:31,630 --> 00:35:37,267
And how profound lighting
must have been if you didn't
understand what that was,
450
00:35:37,302 --> 00:35:39,169
What was causing it.
451
00:35:39,204 --> 00:35:43,240
Narrator: It is an ominous welcome to their camp below yayamari.
452
00:35:58,290 --> 00:36:02,526
Preston: Our goal is to survey
the landscape, and take a better
look at how all the landscape
453
00:36:02,561 --> 00:36:06,630
Features might fit together.
454
00:36:06,665 --> 00:36:10,433
Narrator: As preston climbs, he starts to notice certain geographical features
455
00:36:10,469 --> 00:36:14,237
Aligning in ways he hadn't seen before.
456
00:36:14,273 --> 00:36:17,440
Alignments that were only now becoming clear to him,
457
00:36:17,476 --> 00:36:19,643
But must have been obvious to the inca.
458
00:36:25,317 --> 00:36:29,352
Preston: The juxtaposition
of that landscape with
mountains with celestial
459
00:36:29,388 --> 00:36:32,923
Bodies with the rising
and setting of the moon
and the sun and stars
460
00:36:32,958 --> 00:36:35,058
At certain times of
the year.
461
00:36:35,093 --> 00:36:40,063
The glaciers, the lake
and the rivers, it's
all right there.
462
00:36:40,098 --> 00:36:43,433
Narrator: Suddenly, he realizes that perhaps the temple he'd been looking
463
00:36:43,468 --> 00:36:47,704
For all these years was there all along,
464
00:36:47,739 --> 00:36:51,641
Composed of the landscape that surrounds him.
465
00:36:51,677 --> 00:36:55,345
For preston, nothing could be more sacred.
466
00:37:01,987 --> 00:37:05,789
But the team has one more revelation waiting for them.
467
00:37:05,857 --> 00:37:09,292
Something tangible, that could tie everything together.
468
00:37:11,863 --> 00:37:15,065
During the descent of yayamari, they arrive at what looks like
469
00:37:15,100 --> 00:37:18,702
The ruins of a large complex.
470
00:37:18,737 --> 00:37:21,004
Martin: An inca structure.
Preston: You think it's inca?
471
00:37:21,039 --> 00:37:27,310
Martin: Yeah, because there
are four or five rectangular
buildings around a patio,
472
00:37:27,346 --> 00:37:35,785
A central patio, and
the buildings around it
are often sacred places.
473
00:37:35,821 --> 00:37:39,289
Narrator: Martín describes how the inca would conduct ceremonies in plazas
474
00:37:39,324 --> 00:37:45,161
Like these, using the different rooms to prepare offerings for the gods.
475
00:37:45,197 --> 00:37:50,400
Martin: Maybe here
were some stairs, just
using your imagination,
476
00:37:50,435 --> 00:37:57,173
The rock kind of looks
like it was shaped to
be the same as yayamari.
477
00:37:57,209 --> 00:38:01,244
Narrator: Location was very important for the placement of ceremonial sites,
478
00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:07,317
And this new complex is directly below yayamari, with a direct view of ausangate,
479
00:38:07,319 --> 00:38:12,289
Making it an ideal place to worship the mountains.
480
00:38:12,324 --> 00:38:16,893
Boulder fields like this were often considered sacred on their own,
481
00:38:16,928 --> 00:38:22,265
And used as the groundwork for larger ceremonial centers, built into the landscape.
482
00:38:24,503 --> 00:38:28,405
Preston: It's just perfect
for a site like that.
483
00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:29,639
Martin: This could
be like a temple.
484
00:38:37,249 --> 00:38:41,985
Johan: It does look like
there's a base of an inca
complex near the lake.
485
00:38:42,020 --> 00:38:45,889
But whether it is
the temple of auzangate,
still seems unclear to me.
486
00:38:49,027 --> 00:38:51,428
Preston: Everyone wants to
excavate there to gather
487
00:38:51,463 --> 00:38:54,531
More data on what that
complex could be.
488
00:39:00,172 --> 00:39:02,172
Narrator: At the end of this expedition,
489
00:39:02,207 --> 00:39:06,743
Preston has fulfilled the dream he's had for so many years.
490
00:39:06,778 --> 00:39:09,746
But he's created some new ones.
491
00:39:09,781 --> 00:39:11,548
So his work, is not done.
492
00:39:14,486 --> 00:39:17,687
Preston: All of the effort
just to bring this thing up.
493
00:39:17,723 --> 00:39:22,826
And the prices that we paid.
494
00:39:22,861 --> 00:39:26,262
I think it's another
magic piece in the puzzle
495
00:39:26,298 --> 00:39:28,331
That's sibinacocha
and that watershed.
496
00:39:31,303 --> 00:39:33,737
But we're not there yet.
497
00:39:33,772 --> 00:39:36,673
Mining companies could apply
for new permits tomorrow.
498
00:39:51,356 --> 00:39:54,491
Narrator: Before long, preston returns, yet again,
499
00:39:54,526 --> 00:39:58,828
To help with the archeological excavation of the yayamari complex.
500
00:40:01,199 --> 00:40:05,835
The stakes for this expedition have never been higher,
501
00:40:05,871 --> 00:40:10,106
And for preston, it is somewhat bittersweet.
502
00:40:10,175 --> 00:40:14,110
He is finally passing the torch to archeologists who will take the lead
503
00:40:14,146 --> 00:40:18,281
In determining the past, and future, of sibinacocha.
504
00:40:21,820 --> 00:40:26,689
Six archaeologists from all over the world are lead by arturo rivera
505
00:40:26,725 --> 00:40:30,226
To the yayamari site and get to work immediately.
506
00:40:31,863 --> 00:40:35,732
Arturo: Each time we walk by
we can find something new.
507
00:40:35,767 --> 00:40:38,635
Narrator: He is joined by his wife, sarah baitzel,
508
00:40:38,670 --> 00:40:41,771
A mortuary archeologist from germany.
509
00:40:41,807 --> 00:40:43,106
Sarah: It really gives
you the sense of
510
00:40:43,141 --> 00:40:45,575
An archaeological
disney land.
511
00:40:45,610 --> 00:40:48,478
This is a site where you
can spend many many
years, digging.
512
00:40:50,715 --> 00:40:53,082
Preston: Now we've got
academic archaeologist
involved
513
00:40:53,118 --> 00:40:55,718
That are best qualified
to manage this thing
going forward
514
00:41:01,793 --> 00:41:05,862
Narrator: They find signs of habitation by inca and pre-inca people,
515
00:41:05,897 --> 00:41:11,534
Who adapted dwellings and ceremonial structures to the landscape beneath yayamari,
516
00:41:11,603 --> 00:41:17,073
Including irrigation canals, and modification of sacred springs and boulders.
517
00:41:18,243 --> 00:41:20,410
Preston: These sites were
placed in juxtaposition
518
00:41:20,445 --> 00:41:25,648
To the mountains and
the natural features
around them.
519
00:41:25,684 --> 00:41:31,087
Johan: That verifies to me
that it was an important
inca site.
520
00:41:31,122 --> 00:41:34,891
So there's no doubt,
that the lake was
considered sacred,
521
00:41:34,926 --> 00:41:37,861
Preston: I'm so
excited right now.
522
00:41:37,896 --> 00:41:41,164
Sarah: This is a place
that's sort of drawing
people to it.
523
00:41:41,199 --> 00:41:43,266
The landscape is alive.
524
00:41:43,301 --> 00:41:46,536
Arturo: It's a place
that has to be protected.
525
00:41:46,571 --> 00:41:49,906
It's part of our
past as peruvians.
526
00:41:49,941 --> 00:41:53,042
Martin: It's our history.
Our heritage.
527
00:41:59,084 --> 00:42:02,151
Narrator: With the archeology under way, preston is free to return
528
00:42:02,187 --> 00:42:07,657
To his study of the sibinacocha habitat.
529
00:42:07,692 --> 00:42:12,262
He treks around the lake, to retrieve camera traps which he hopes have captured
530
00:42:12,297 --> 00:42:15,932
Photographs of the endangered andean mountain cat.
531
00:42:18,670 --> 00:42:23,239
Preston: The andean mountain
cat is the most endangered
cat in the americas.
532
00:42:23,275 --> 00:42:26,676
Narrator: He finds historic photographs of the elusive cat,
533
00:42:26,711 --> 00:42:31,447
Proving, for the first time, that it lives in the watershed.
534
00:42:31,483 --> 00:42:36,052
Preston: That will act
as an ambassador species
for the ecosystem.
535
00:42:36,087 --> 00:42:39,956
And help us protect the area.
536
00:42:39,958 --> 00:42:41,858
Narrator: Preston knows better than anyone
537
00:42:41,893 --> 00:42:45,295
How much there is to protect at sibinacocha.
538
00:42:45,330 --> 00:42:52,268
The history, the wildlife, and the people that live here, and downstream.
539
00:42:52,304 --> 00:42:55,271
And now, with the archeological findings,
540
00:42:55,307 --> 00:42:58,141
Photographic proof of the andean mountain cat,
541
00:42:58,176 --> 00:43:01,678
And everything that is still left to discover,
542
00:43:01,713 --> 00:43:06,849
Lake sibinacocha is on the verge of being protected as a sacred landscape.
543
00:43:13,358 --> 00:43:17,060
Johan: I think what
distinguishes sacred
landscape from landscape
544
00:43:17,095 --> 00:43:22,899
Is that it's come alive
for the people.
545
00:43:22,934 --> 00:43:25,201
Preston: I think it's
so encouraging that
an entire culture,
546
00:43:25,236 --> 00:43:27,737
An entire people can
see the world that
way and I think
547
00:43:27,772 --> 00:43:31,708
It gives me some optimism
for the rest of the world.
548
00:43:36,481 --> 00:43:39,415
Narrator: And as for the lost temple of ausangate?
549
00:43:39,451 --> 00:43:42,218
They've got more work to do.
550
00:43:42,253 --> 00:43:44,120
Johan: You know, it's still
left to be determined.
551
00:43:48,927 --> 00:43:53,696
Narrator: For now, preston's search at sibinacocha continues.
552
00:43:53,732 --> 00:43:58,034
And he may never know if this really is the lost temple.
553
00:43:58,069 --> 00:44:03,239
But if he can at least protect it for the future, anything is possible.
554
00:44:03,274 --> 00:44:13,316
(music)
555
00:44:13,318 --> 00:44:25,328
(music)
556
00:44:25,363 --> 00:44:26,029
Captioned by subtitlepro llc
63299
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