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My name is Damon.
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And this is my daughter, velvet.
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Are you trying to plant dad?
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She's just turned four.
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Her days are spent
in a happy bubble,
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created by my excellent wife,
Zoe.
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Yeah?
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She's lucky enough that
her major concerns right now
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are numbers... Daddy.
Mummy. Velly.
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So how many pieces is that?
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How to tell
a knock knock joke...
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- Knock, knock.
- Who's there?
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- Unicorn.
- Unicorn who?
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Unicorn jump over the rainbow.
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Oh, that's who it is!
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And the elusive art of
sleep direction.
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But soon she'll have to
leave that happy bubble
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and face a rapidly
deteriorating environment.
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00:03:09,792 --> 00:03:11,498
faster than
the scientists predicted.
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We're seeing large waterfalls
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pouring off the side of the ice.
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It's an alarming acceleration.
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The need to address this
is so urgent...
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That it often overwhelms me.
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The simplest way I can explain
our current predicament
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is to briefly channel
my year nine science teacher
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and pretend our house
is the planet.
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Carbon is a miraculous
building block
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and for millions of years,
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our planet has been part of
a natural carbon cycle.
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Some gets released,
some gets stored,
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and if these things
are balanced,
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then equilibrium is maintained.
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But since the
industrial revolution,
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we've broken the balance
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00:04:01,542 --> 00:04:03,282
and have been
dramatically increasing
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00:04:03,292 --> 00:04:05,658
the release of
the earth's stored carbon
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00:04:05,667 --> 00:04:07,282
into our atmosphere.
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00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:16,865
For hundreds of thousands of
years,
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00:04:16,875 --> 00:04:21,039
we've hovered between about
180 and 280 parts per million
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of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.
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00:04:23,792 --> 00:04:25,657
But since the
industrial revolution,
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00:04:25,667 --> 00:04:28,659
that number has shot up over 40%
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00:04:28,667 --> 00:04:31,158
to more than
400 parts per million,
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trapping heat in our atmosphere.
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More than 90% of
the excess heat being trapped
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is absorbed by our oceans.
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00:04:42,375 --> 00:04:45,867
The oceans also absorb much
of the extra carbon dioxide,
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00:04:45,875 --> 00:04:52,075
and so are now 30% more acidic
than they were 150 years ago.
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00:04:52,083 --> 00:04:54,699
And this is impacting
on biodiversity,
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00:04:54,708 --> 00:04:59,372
as many sea creatures,
such as oysters or clams,
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00:04:59,375 --> 00:05:02,242
are struggling to make
their shells.
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00:05:02,250 --> 00:05:05,617
But the increased heat and
overall energy in the system
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00:05:05,625 --> 00:05:08,617
also leads to more intense
weather events.
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00:05:11,083 --> 00:05:13,244
Hotter air can hold
more moisture,
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00:05:13,250 --> 00:05:16,367
so rainfalls, storms,
hurricanes, floods,
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00:05:16,375 --> 00:05:19,082
even snowfalls
can become heavier.
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00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,822
It is true that the climate
has always been changing.
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00:05:26,833 --> 00:05:28,869
It just hasn't changed
this rapidly
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00:05:28,875 --> 00:05:30,831
in at least 50 million years.
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00:05:35,458 --> 00:05:38,120
Unfortunately,
the increase in heat
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00:05:38,125 --> 00:05:40,867
also means that our polar caps
and glaciers
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00:05:40,875 --> 00:05:42,490
are rapidly melting,
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00:05:42,500 --> 00:05:44,331
which causes sea level rise
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00:05:44,333 --> 00:05:46,119
that threatens
hundreds of millions of people
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The earth
is our collective home,
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00:05:58,125 --> 00:06:01,617
but we're actually renting it
from future generations.
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00:06:01,625 --> 00:06:04,458
So we need to not only rapidly
reduce our emissions...
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00:06:05,958 --> 00:06:07,619
Oi! Righto!
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00:06:09,833 --> 00:06:11,824
But also find ways to sequester
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00:06:11,833 --> 00:06:15,121
or draw down
the excess carbon dioxide
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00:06:15,125 --> 00:06:17,116
that has already been
put into the system.
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00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:22,322
Many scientists believe that
getting down to 350 ppm
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00:06:22,333 --> 00:06:24,244
would be a terrific goal.
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00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:37,741
So I think we're all
pretty aware
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00:06:37,750 --> 00:06:39,957
that when it comes to
predictions of the future,
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00:06:39,958 --> 00:06:42,995
they're almost entirely
negative at the moment.
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00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:45,832
Any time you open your newsfeed
or social media,
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00:06:45,833 --> 00:06:47,619
there's some kind of
doom and gloom story
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00:06:47,625 --> 00:06:50,241
about the future of
our environment.
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00:06:51,625 --> 00:06:54,241
And as a father, I...
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00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:57,242
I think there's room
for a different story.
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00:06:57,250 --> 00:06:59,582
A story that focuses
on the solutions
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00:06:59,583 --> 00:07:01,699
to some of these problems.
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00:07:01,708 --> 00:07:06,577
So my plan is to go out and
find some of these solutions
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00:07:06,583 --> 00:07:09,575
and then create a vision
of a different future
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00:07:09,583 --> 00:07:11,448
for our daughter.
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00:07:11,458 --> 00:07:12,698
What about...
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00:07:12,708 --> 00:07:14,744
I want to show her
what the world would look like
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00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:18,572
if the solutions I find
were implemented today.
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00:07:18,583 --> 00:07:21,746
So, what would the world
look like in 2040
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00:07:21,750 --> 00:07:25,117
if we just embraced
the best that already exists?
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00:07:26,500 --> 00:07:28,741
And that's my only rule.
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00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:31,492
Everything I show her in
this 2040,
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00:07:31,500 --> 00:07:34,822
has to exist today,
in some form.
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00:07:34,833 --> 00:07:36,323
I can't make it up.
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00:07:37,750 --> 00:07:40,116
- See you, dadda.
- See you, darling.
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00:07:44,250 --> 00:07:45,456
Have fun.
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00:07:46,500 --> 00:07:48,832
I'm calling it
an exercise in
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00:07:48,833 --> 00:07:51,199
fact-based dreaming.
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00:08:16,583 --> 00:08:21,703
The first step in this exercise
was to consult the generation
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00:08:21,708 --> 00:08:25,371
who'll be sharing the future
with our daughter.
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00:08:26,875 --> 00:08:28,365
- Hi, everybody.
- Morning.
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00:08:28,375 --> 00:08:30,240
Morning. My name is Damon.
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00:08:30,250 --> 00:08:32,491
Now, do you guys know where
we've come from today?
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00:08:32,500 --> 00:08:34,456
Do you know what country
that I'm from?
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No.
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00:08:35,375 --> 00:08:37,616
We have animals called platypus.
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00:08:39,500 --> 00:08:42,457
- Kangaroo.
- Australia!
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00:08:42,458 --> 00:08:43,948
Australia? Yeah, yeah, yeah.
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00:08:43,958 --> 00:08:45,869
We've been going
all around the world
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00:08:45,875 --> 00:08:47,615
and talking to lots of
different children your age,
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and so we're going to
ask you what kind of things
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00:08:49,333 --> 00:08:50,823
you want to see in the future.
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00:08:54,042 --> 00:08:58,035
Well, what would make me
happy in the world is...
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Hmm.
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00:09:00,792 --> 00:09:02,407
I think we should get
this invention
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00:09:02,417 --> 00:09:07,787
which sucks up
all of the rubbish in the world
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00:09:07,792 --> 00:09:11,364
and puts it in a intergalactic
dimension,
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00:09:11,375 --> 00:09:13,912
which is a rubbish dimension.
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00:09:13,917 --> 00:09:17,114
I'd like to see deforestation
being stopped
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00:09:17,125 --> 00:09:19,992
because it's ruining the planet.
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00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:22,742
Animals are losing their homes.
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00:09:32,417 --> 00:09:35,909
Cleaner water. That would
really make me happy.
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00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,161
Well, I would like for
the government
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00:09:46,167 --> 00:09:50,240
to have done something on
global warming and pollution,
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00:09:50,250 --> 00:09:54,664
as now, I think they're not
really doing anything about it.
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00:09:54,667 --> 00:09:56,783
You know,
just be respectful to earth.
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00:10:02,292 --> 00:10:05,989
It was sobering to learn
how preoccupied the kids are
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with the state of the planet,
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00:10:08,292 --> 00:10:10,283
and what a big job
I had ahead of me.
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00:10:11,417 --> 00:10:15,239
So I began my search
for solutions with energy.
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00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,414
I found myself in Bangladesh,
where the roads are chaotic...
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00:10:48,292 --> 00:10:51,034
And people are openly
peddling ice on the streets.
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00:10:53,542 --> 00:10:56,124
Currently, Bangladesh
has one of the largest
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00:10:56,125 --> 00:10:58,036
solar home system
markets in the world.
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00:10:58,042 --> 00:10:59,782
Over 5 million
solar home systems.
139
00:10:59,792 --> 00:11:02,624
So most households in every
rural area in Bangladesh
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00:11:02,625 --> 00:11:04,115
actually has
a solar home system,
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00:11:04,125 --> 00:11:05,911
and that's their primary
source of energy.
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00:11:05,917 --> 00:11:07,248
Wow.
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00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,164
This charming 23-year-old
is neel tamhane,
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00:11:13,167 --> 00:11:15,874
who has studied alternative
energy technologies
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00:11:15,875 --> 00:11:18,662
and come home to help
power his country.
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00:11:20,417 --> 00:11:24,285
Turns out I wasn't the only one
who wanted to hear him talk.
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00:11:26,625 --> 00:11:29,788
So what we do is we
interconnect solar home systems
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00:11:29,792 --> 00:11:32,408
and we enable energy
sharing between them,
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00:11:32,417 --> 00:11:33,907
which is basically trading,
150
00:11:33,917 --> 00:11:36,249
and the customer chooses
when they want to trade
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00:11:36,250 --> 00:11:37,740
and when they don't.
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00:11:39,292 --> 00:11:41,658
Instead of building large grids,
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00:11:41,667 --> 00:11:43,908
we're proposing
a decentralised structure
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00:11:43,917 --> 00:11:46,750
where we start building grids
bottom up.
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00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,034
The setup
is quite simple.
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00:11:52,042 --> 00:11:54,784
Any home that has solar panels
and a battery...
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00:11:56,667 --> 00:11:58,532
Can buy this special box...
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00:12:00,042 --> 00:12:01,782
Which connects them
to another house
159
00:12:01,792 --> 00:12:03,282
with the same setup.
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00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:08,788
The box allows the buying
or selling of energy
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00:12:08,792 --> 00:12:10,282
between the homes.
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00:12:11,542 --> 00:12:12,998
But it gets better.
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00:12:14,250 --> 00:12:16,741
There is still a segment
of the population
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00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:18,741
that still can't afford to
buy a solar home system.
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00:12:18,750 --> 00:12:20,286
So, instead of doing that,
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00:12:20,292 --> 00:12:22,874
if they can just buy
a small solbox,
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00:12:22,875 --> 00:12:24,786
they can just buy energy
when they need it.
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00:12:24,792 --> 00:12:27,374
You fill up your solbox
with money.
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00:12:27,375 --> 00:12:30,287
As you keep using energy,
it deducts money.
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00:12:35,250 --> 00:12:37,036
What this means
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00:12:37,042 --> 00:12:39,408
is that all the boxes
can connect to each other
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to form a microgrid.
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00:12:42,292 --> 00:12:44,658
It's like a water tank
of community energy
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00:12:44,667 --> 00:12:47,625
that people can give to
or take from.
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00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:51,366
The beauty is that
this microgrid
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00:12:51,375 --> 00:12:53,991
can then connect to the
adjacent village's microgrid
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00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:56,992
and the network becomes
stronger and stronger.
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00:12:58,542 --> 00:13:00,783
There's a mimicking of nature
here, isn't there?
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00:13:00,792 --> 00:13:03,909
Like, in the way that
cells multiply
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00:13:03,917 --> 00:13:06,374
and form something
and strengthen it.
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00:13:06,375 --> 00:13:08,366
Yeah, that's a great analogy.
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00:13:08,375 --> 00:13:10,661
You have one solar home system,
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00:13:10,667 --> 00:13:12,749
you interconnect with your
neighbours, you make it 50.
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Slowly,
you interconnect villages.
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00:13:14,542 --> 00:13:16,123
Once you have collected
hundreds,
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00:13:16,125 --> 00:13:18,116
you can hook it up to the grid,
you can sell to the grid.
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00:13:18,125 --> 00:13:19,615
Forget buying from it -
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you become the primary
energy generation source
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00:13:21,417 --> 00:13:22,907
for the country.
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00:13:23,917 --> 00:13:26,158
So the idea is
we are like a swarm of bees
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00:13:26,167 --> 00:13:29,284
or a swarm of fish
that move together,
192
00:13:29,292 --> 00:13:32,250
pool in all our energies
together to run bigger loads.
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00:13:34,625 --> 00:13:37,412
This technology
could revolutionise
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00:13:37,417 --> 00:13:40,534
the way we distribute energy
worldwide.
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00:13:42,875 --> 00:13:45,742
From little things,
big things grow.
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00:13:47,417 --> 00:13:51,615
When we have a
decentralised mode of energy,
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00:13:51,625 --> 00:13:53,411
the same thing that happened
with the web,
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00:13:53,417 --> 00:13:54,907
happens with information
199
00:13:54,917 --> 00:13:56,908
where basically,
it's Democratic.
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00:13:56,917 --> 00:13:58,657
Energy becomes Democratic.
201
00:13:58,667 --> 00:14:01,033
But also it becomes
very efficient.
202
00:14:01,042 --> 00:14:02,498
It's far more efficient
203
00:14:02,500 --> 00:14:05,913
because you produce it at
the point where you consume it.
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00:14:10,125 --> 00:14:13,288
Having efficient
local energy
205
00:14:13,292 --> 00:14:15,908
also provides greater resilience
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00:14:15,917 --> 00:14:18,374
in an increasingly
hostile climate.
207
00:14:20,500 --> 00:14:22,912
And when we talk about
climate change, it's floods,
208
00:14:22,917 --> 00:14:26,159
it's natural disasters
that happen very often here.
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00:14:26,167 --> 00:14:29,910
In the last 1.5 years, we have
seen about 5, 6 disasters.
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00:14:33,125 --> 00:14:36,367
When you have a centralised
grid, everything breaks down
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00:14:36,375 --> 00:14:39,242
and then it takes a long time
to build it back up.
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00:14:42,375 --> 00:14:44,866
If we have decentralised
generation sources,
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00:14:44,875 --> 00:14:47,412
every household has their own
generation source.
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00:14:47,417 --> 00:14:48,532
They're independent
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00:14:48,542 --> 00:14:50,032
and they have their power
in their own hands,
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00:14:50,042 --> 00:14:51,532
instead of depending
on the government
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00:14:51,542 --> 00:14:53,157
to provide it to them.
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00:15:12,792 --> 00:15:16,114
The impact of the
locally-generated electricity
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00:15:16,125 --> 00:15:17,911
is best seen at night.
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00:15:20,542 --> 00:15:25,366
The influx of cash has made the
village bazaar the place to be.
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00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:04,786
You guys have just skipped
the landline telephone.
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00:16:04,792 --> 00:16:06,282
You've gone straight to
the mobile.
223
00:16:06,292 --> 00:16:08,783
Exactly. And it's throughout.
It's not even about energy.
224
00:16:08,792 --> 00:16:11,374
We skipped the grid
and we build our own.
225
00:16:11,375 --> 00:16:13,912
There are developing
countries like India,
226
00:16:13,917 --> 00:16:16,124
Bangladesh, a lot
of countries in east Africa
227
00:16:16,125 --> 00:16:18,491
that are trying to do
a top-down electrification.
228
00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:20,616
They are spending
billions of dollars here.
229
00:16:20,625 --> 00:16:22,115
But instead of doing that,
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00:16:22,125 --> 00:16:24,537
if they can actually help
subsidise these systems
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00:16:24,542 --> 00:16:26,749
and let people
own their own system,
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00:16:26,750 --> 00:16:29,787
they would be so proud
by owning these.
233
00:16:29,792 --> 00:16:32,408
So when I'm trading energy
with you, suppose,
234
00:16:32,417 --> 00:16:35,739
you're actually paying me for
it, and I'm getting the money,
235
00:16:35,750 --> 00:16:37,866
so the money also stays
within the economy.
236
00:16:40,042 --> 00:16:41,748
This is bringing back people
together.
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00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:44,036
Yes!
238
00:16:46,792 --> 00:16:51,365
As I left the village,
I had a renewed sense of hope.
239
00:16:51,375 --> 00:16:53,912
Particularly when neel told me
240
00:16:53,917 --> 00:16:56,249
this technology is springing up
in other countries.
241
00:17:00,167 --> 00:17:03,124
This solution is
great for our environment,
242
00:17:03,125 --> 00:17:06,538
with so many cascading benefits
243
00:17:06,542 --> 00:17:09,409
for any community
that chooses to adopt it.
244
00:17:15,792 --> 00:17:20,286
So, sticking to my rule of only
showing what exists today,
245
00:17:20,292 --> 00:17:23,409
here's what the future
of energy could look like
246
00:17:23,417 --> 00:17:24,907
for my daughter.
247
00:17:33,625 --> 00:17:35,832
This, velvet, could be you.
248
00:17:36,875 --> 00:17:38,240
Or this.
249
00:17:39,333 --> 00:17:40,994
Or even this.
250
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:42,956
We love you.
251
00:17:42,958 --> 00:17:45,620
And this could be where
you live.
252
00:17:46,875 --> 00:17:48,115
Or here.
253
00:17:50,500 --> 00:17:52,491
Or even here.
254
00:17:52,500 --> 00:17:54,365
But probably not here.
255
00:17:54,375 --> 00:17:58,823
Darling! It's seven o'clock!
It's time for family yoga!
256
00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:05,456
Crystal, bring up energy.
257
00:18:06,625 --> 00:18:08,865
Certainly.
What would you like me to do?
258
00:18:10,250 --> 00:18:13,117
Imagine if your house
in 2040
259
00:18:13,125 --> 00:18:14,865
is part of a microgrid
260
00:18:14,875 --> 00:18:18,072
that helps power the economy
throughout your city.
261
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,491
Imagine if your windows
are solar glass
262
00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:28,616
and come standard in new homes.
263
00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:34,448
And your solar battery
is cheap and recyclable.
264
00:18:36,458 --> 00:18:39,996
This could allow you to
donate your excess energy.
265
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:41,956
I'm going away for four days.
266
00:18:41,958 --> 00:18:44,074
Would you like to
share or sell?
267
00:18:44,083 --> 00:18:47,325
Share. Hurricane relief.
268
00:18:47,333 --> 00:18:49,369
Done. You're a legend.
269
00:18:49,375 --> 00:18:51,115
Thanks.
270
00:18:51,125 --> 00:18:52,740
- Humans are awesome.
- Ok.
271
00:18:52,750 --> 00:18:55,492
That choice
was good for your soul.
272
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:56,831
Alright.
273
00:18:57,875 --> 00:18:59,615
Every home
is going to have a battery
274
00:18:59,625 --> 00:19:02,207
that's going to store
as much electricity
275
00:19:02,208 --> 00:19:03,698
as it possibly can store.
276
00:19:03,708 --> 00:19:05,869
And all the governments
in the world
277
00:19:05,875 --> 00:19:07,740
cannot push back against that
278
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:10,241
because folks are going to go
buy it at the store,
279
00:19:10,250 --> 00:19:13,367
at Ikea, at Walmart,
at the supermarket.
280
00:19:13,375 --> 00:19:14,865
And it's going to be very cheap.
281
00:19:14,875 --> 00:19:16,866
So cheap that you're not even
going to notice.
282
00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:23,832
If cheaper
home energy systems
283
00:19:23,833 --> 00:19:26,825
are combined with more people
demanding clean energy
284
00:19:26,833 --> 00:19:28,323
from their politicians,
darling...
285
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:31,365
Then there's a chance
many countries
286
00:19:31,375 --> 00:19:35,368
could be close to
100% renewable by 2040.
287
00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:41,240
What I can guarantee
288
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:43,741
is that not only will I be
an embarrassing dad...
289
00:19:43,750 --> 00:19:45,240
Find news.
290
00:19:46,333 --> 00:19:49,120
But that natural disasters
will increase their intensity
291
00:19:49,125 --> 00:19:50,831
over the next two decades.
292
00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:54,870
Absolute chaos.
293
00:19:54,875 --> 00:19:57,582
Run, run! Get out!
Run, run!
294
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,241
God. Oh, my god!
295
00:20:03,708 --> 00:20:05,244
Whoa!
296
00:20:11,875 --> 00:20:13,456
But what I now know
297
00:20:13,458 --> 00:20:16,370
is that we actually have
everything we need
298
00:20:16,375 --> 00:20:19,117
on both a large and small-scale
299
00:20:19,125 --> 00:20:22,117
to power us through
these disasters.
300
00:20:23,375 --> 00:20:25,115
And by building new grids,
301
00:20:25,125 --> 00:20:28,447
loads of people
will get loads of jobs.
302
00:20:29,625 --> 00:20:31,365
- Oh, that's good.
- Mmm.
303
00:20:33,083 --> 00:20:36,871
But what would be really great
during this transition, velvet,
304
00:20:36,875 --> 00:20:40,072
is if the people who work
in the fossil fuel industry
305
00:20:40,083 --> 00:20:44,452
are given support and funding
for retraining in new careers.
306
00:20:46,083 --> 00:20:49,575
Paid for by redirecting some of
the $10 million a minute
307
00:20:49,583 --> 00:20:53,747
governments currently spend
subsidising fossil fuels.
308
00:21:18,833 --> 00:21:21,620
What struck me
about the microgrids
309
00:21:21,625 --> 00:21:24,457
is that the profits from
the shared energy
310
00:21:24,458 --> 00:21:27,825
stay within the community
and empower individuals,
311
00:21:27,833 --> 00:21:30,996
rather than going to a big
energy company elsewhere.
312
00:21:32,833 --> 00:21:36,075
But it turns out microgrids
are currently illegal
313
00:21:36,083 --> 00:21:37,573
in some countries.
314
00:21:40,083 --> 00:21:42,745
If we recognised
that our well-being
315
00:21:42,750 --> 00:21:45,332
fundamentally depends
upon the stability
316
00:21:45,333 --> 00:21:47,244
and the thriving of this planet,
317
00:21:47,250 --> 00:21:48,740
we would put that at the heart
318
00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:50,240
of the economic system
we create.
319
00:21:52,125 --> 00:21:54,616
I met with
the economist Kate raworth
320
00:21:54,625 --> 00:21:56,331
in an appropriate location.
321
00:21:58,250 --> 00:22:00,741
Kate is proposing
a new economic framework
322
00:22:00,750 --> 00:22:03,082
designed for our current
predicament.
323
00:22:04,500 --> 00:22:07,617
Today's economy,
the returns of production
324
00:22:07,625 --> 00:22:11,206
are accruing to a 1%,
which leaves us with
325
00:22:11,208 --> 00:22:12,948
these extraordinary levels
of inequality.
326
00:22:12,958 --> 00:22:14,619
So we need to create an economy
327
00:22:14,625 --> 00:22:17,457
in which value created
is shared far more equitably
328
00:22:17,458 --> 00:22:19,244
with all those
who help create it.
329
00:22:19,250 --> 00:22:22,367
And daft though it sounds, I
think it looks like a doughnut.
330
00:22:22,375 --> 00:22:24,240
The kind with the hole
in the middle.
331
00:22:24,250 --> 00:22:27,083
So, in the hole in the middle
of that doughnut
332
00:22:28,625 --> 00:22:32,241
on life's essentials
- be it food,
333
00:22:32,250 --> 00:22:39,241
housing, education,
water, energy,
334
00:22:39,250 --> 00:22:42,083
and so we want to get everybody
in the world out of that hole.
335
00:22:44,250 --> 00:22:48,323
But we also can't go beyond
the doughnut's outer crust,
336
00:22:48,333 --> 00:22:50,324
because there we start to put
so much pressure
337
00:22:50,333 --> 00:22:51,823
on this extraordinary planet,
338
00:22:51,833 --> 00:22:53,573
causing climate breakdown...
339
00:22:55,250 --> 00:22:56,581
Biodiversity loss...
340
00:22:58,375 --> 00:22:59,615
Air-pollution...
341
00:23:01,083 --> 00:23:02,698
Too much land conversion.
342
00:23:03,625 --> 00:23:06,582
We kick out of kilter this
extraordinary living planet
343
00:23:06,583 --> 00:23:08,448
on which all of our well-being
depends.
344
00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:14,116
Last century's economists
didn't see this.
345
00:23:14,125 --> 00:23:16,867
No phase of humanity
has encountered this before.
346
00:23:16,875 --> 00:23:19,241
It's our generational challenge.
347
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:20,865
We need new ideas to do this.
348
00:23:23,875 --> 00:23:27,572
The wonderful thing about
the microgrids
349
00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,871
is that they fit beautifully
within the doughnut framework.
350
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:35,242
The solar energy helps restore
the outer boundaries
351
00:23:35,250 --> 00:23:36,740
like climate change...
352
00:23:37,833 --> 00:23:39,243
And air-pollution...
353
00:23:40,750 --> 00:23:42,456
But on the inner boundaries,
354
00:23:42,458 --> 00:23:45,370
more people are pulled
into the doughnut
355
00:23:45,375 --> 00:23:48,242
by improving health,
with less kerosene use...
356
00:23:49,583 --> 00:23:52,450
Education, by providing light
to study...
357
00:23:53,958 --> 00:23:55,243
Income equality,
358
00:23:55,250 --> 00:23:57,457
by keeping profits within
the local economy...
359
00:23:58,750 --> 00:24:00,115
And networks,
360
00:24:00,125 --> 00:24:03,197
because the microgrid now
interconnects households.
361
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:22,618
I am going to invent a plane
and...
362
00:24:22,625 --> 00:24:24,616
You type in the coordinates
where...
363
00:24:24,625 --> 00:24:28,743
What you want it... where you
want it to go and...
364
00:24:28,750 --> 00:24:31,617
In a split second, you're there.
365
00:24:31,625 --> 00:24:34,332
I think electric cars
would help the environment
366
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:36,619
because that causes
less pollution.
367
00:24:36,625 --> 00:24:41,369
And maybe, um, get electric
cars if they can, um,
368
00:24:41,375 --> 00:24:43,866
'cause that reduces,
like, fossil fuels
369
00:24:43,875 --> 00:24:45,866
and then that also stops
global warming.
370
00:24:45,875 --> 00:24:47,615
And instead of using cars,
371
00:24:47,625 --> 00:24:49,866
I would like to use
rocket boots to go around
372
00:24:49,875 --> 00:24:52,082
and they would be
powered by plants.
373
00:24:52,083 --> 00:24:54,870
Oh, that would be so cool.
That would be awesome.
374
00:24:54,875 --> 00:24:56,331
And rocket boots, I think,
375
00:24:56,333 --> 00:24:59,746
would really cool to see people
flying around the city in.
376
00:24:59,750 --> 00:25:01,832
And also I want it to go
worldwide
377
00:25:01,833 --> 00:25:03,869
and I want to try
and invent them.
378
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:13,456
So, it's interesting
379
00:25:13,458 --> 00:25:15,494
being in some of these
big American cities,
380
00:25:15,500 --> 00:25:17,115
the traffic is just diabolical.
381
00:25:17,125 --> 00:25:18,956
And I can see that it...
382
00:25:18,958 --> 00:25:21,825
You know, I consider myself
quite a happy person, you know.
383
00:25:21,833 --> 00:25:23,744
I've got not a lot to
complain about.
384
00:25:24,875 --> 00:25:26,365
But I'm really...
385
00:25:27,833 --> 00:25:31,451
Feeling a bit antsy
in this traffic and, um...
386
00:25:31,458 --> 00:25:32,868
It kind of does that to you.
387
00:25:32,875 --> 00:25:35,867
And I think probably
a lot of people
388
00:25:35,875 --> 00:25:37,991
might not put that as a factor
389
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:39,865
because they've got other
things going on in their life,
390
00:25:39,875 --> 00:25:41,365
but if you do have things
in your life
391
00:25:41,375 --> 00:25:42,865
that are bothering you,
392
00:25:42,875 --> 00:25:44,957
then you throw yourself
into this environment...
393
00:25:44,958 --> 00:25:46,619
Things can get a little tense.
394
00:25:46,625 --> 00:25:48,616
And I've been tempted to
jump on the horn
395
00:25:48,625 --> 00:25:50,365
and abuse couple of people.
396
00:25:58,375 --> 00:26:00,081
In the us right now,
397
00:26:00,083 --> 00:26:03,871
road vehicles contribute
to 20% of emissions.
398
00:26:06,750 --> 00:26:10,993
But our environment and sanity
will be severely tested
399
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,117
with predictions of an extra
one billion cars worldwide
400
00:26:14,125 --> 00:26:15,615
by 2040.
401
00:26:18,750 --> 00:26:20,706
j I can lock all my doors... j&
402
00:26:20,708 --> 00:26:24,747
a possible solution could be
replacing car ownership
403
00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:27,332
with on-demand
driverless vehicles.
404
00:26:30,875 --> 00:26:34,367
The same way that we
went from owning DVDs or cds
405
00:26:34,375 --> 00:26:35,956
or records or whatever,
406
00:26:35,958 --> 00:26:38,119
to having all of those
on demand -
407
00:26:38,125 --> 00:26:40,332
essentially Netflix and so on -
408
00:26:40,333 --> 00:26:43,996
the same thing is going to
happen with transportation.
409
00:26:46,250 --> 00:26:48,366
I wasn't sure I'd trust
a driverless car
410
00:26:48,375 --> 00:26:50,206
with my daughter,
411
00:26:50,208 --> 00:26:51,869
so I subjected this prototype
412
00:26:51,875 --> 00:26:54,366
to the surprise pedestrian test.
413
00:26:57,083 --> 00:26:58,948
Ah! Yes!
414
00:27:00,750 --> 00:27:02,957
Robots - 1, human - 0.
415
00:27:05,500 --> 00:27:08,116
The next test was
a little more challenging.
416
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:10,615
Traffic.
417
00:27:11,875 --> 00:27:13,365
When I push this button,
418
00:27:13,375 --> 00:27:15,491
this car will be driving itself.
419
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:17,365
And, um, wish me luck.
420
00:27:25,833 --> 00:27:27,118
Right.
421
00:27:29,875 --> 00:27:33,447
So, this is my first experience
in a driverless vehicle,
422
00:27:33,458 --> 00:27:34,823
and, uh...
423
00:27:36,458 --> 00:27:37,994
I'm a little bit nervous
424
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:39,991
because that wheel
is turning by itself.
425
00:27:41,500 --> 00:27:43,456
Siri, please look after me.
426
00:27:44,833 --> 00:27:47,620
So, yeah, you can see
that's our car tracking there,
427
00:27:47,625 --> 00:27:50,492
and the little lidar,
the radar on top
428
00:27:50,500 --> 00:27:52,456
is reading out
all the information
429
00:27:52,458 --> 00:27:54,870
I think, about 50m ahead of us
430
00:27:54,875 --> 00:27:58,743
and scanning the area and
determining what's around us,
431
00:27:58,750 --> 00:28:01,241
what other obstacles,
what it should look out for -
432
00:28:01,250 --> 00:28:04,617
pedestrians, bike riders,
other cars.
433
00:28:04,625 --> 00:28:06,991
So it's constantly
ahead of us, predicting.
434
00:28:08,375 --> 00:28:10,491
Two things
are going to happen.
435
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:13,367
We're all going to have
a massive fleet of cars
436
00:28:13,375 --> 00:28:16,367
that are going to pick you
up at home, take you to work,
437
00:28:16,375 --> 00:28:18,331
take you to the supermarket
and so on,
438
00:28:18,333 --> 00:28:19,869
and the other one -
439
00:28:19,875 --> 00:28:23,948
even if you already own a car
that you already paid off,
440
00:28:23,958 --> 00:28:27,621
it's going to be four times
more expensive
441
00:28:27,625 --> 00:28:29,866
just to own that car
442
00:28:29,875 --> 00:28:32,617
than it is to access
transportation as a service,
443
00:28:32,625 --> 00:28:34,490
so, autonomous
electric vehicles.
444
00:28:38,583 --> 00:28:41,746
I do like the freedom
of my own car,
445
00:28:41,750 --> 00:28:43,615
so the big question is
446
00:28:43,625 --> 00:28:45,866
are enough of us
willing to give that up
447
00:28:45,875 --> 00:28:48,332
and embrace shared
transportation?
448
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:51,490
One of the interesting
challenges
449
00:28:51,500 --> 00:28:54,367
about a future of vehicles
that involves ridesharing,
450
00:28:54,375 --> 00:28:56,582
is that we have all these ideas
tied up with owning vehicles
451
00:28:56,583 --> 00:28:58,073
that have very little to do with
452
00:28:58,083 --> 00:28:59,493
getting us from
point a to point b,
453
00:28:59,500 --> 00:29:02,207
and all to do with what those
things said about us.
454
00:29:02,208 --> 00:29:04,995
So, you know, they became
symbols of independence
455
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:06,365
and freedom.
456
00:29:06,375 --> 00:29:09,822
They became symbols of class
and wealth and capital.
457
00:29:09,833 --> 00:29:12,870
Now, the reality is, of course,
we haven't had cars forever.
458
00:29:12,875 --> 00:29:14,866
And the notion of cars
as status symbols
459
00:29:14,875 --> 00:29:16,365
and signals of independence -
460
00:29:16,375 --> 00:29:18,331
that's 60, 70 years old,
at most,
461
00:29:18,333 --> 00:29:20,119
and less than that
in most places.
462
00:29:20,125 --> 00:29:24,118
And so the idea that we
can uncouple those things
463
00:29:24,125 --> 00:29:25,365
isn't impossible.
464
00:29:25,375 --> 00:29:27,331
And frankly, they only ever got
coupled in the first place
465
00:29:27,333 --> 00:29:28,869
because of advertising.
466
00:29:31,625 --> 00:29:35,368
If we did embrace
on-demand transport,
467
00:29:35,375 --> 00:29:39,118
much like we now require
fewer cds or DVDs...
468
00:29:41,125 --> 00:29:43,241
We'd also require
fewer vehicles...
469
00:29:46,083 --> 00:29:48,369
And almost no parking space.
470
00:29:52,125 --> 00:29:56,494
Two thirds of la
is parking and roads.
471
00:29:57,583 --> 00:30:01,622
You could fit three cities
the size of San Francisco
472
00:30:01,625 --> 00:30:04,367
in the empty parking space
473
00:30:04,375 --> 00:30:08,243
left by the autonomous vehicle
disruption.
474
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:12,450
And so, as a society,
we need to make decisions.
475
00:30:12,458 --> 00:30:14,744
What do we do
with all that parking space
476
00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:16,615
that's going to be vacant?
477
00:30:21,875 --> 00:30:25,242
So, here's what 2040 could
look like for my daughter
478
00:30:25,250 --> 00:30:28,083
without an extra billion cars.
479
00:30:36,583 --> 00:30:38,869
As you head off to your first
school dance, velvet...
480
00:30:38,875 --> 00:30:40,957
Family hug. Family hug.
481
00:30:40,958 --> 00:30:42,698
It will be nice
not having to worry
482
00:30:42,708 --> 00:30:44,448
about your date's
driving skills.
483
00:30:46,125 --> 00:30:50,994
Look, dad! A ghost must be
driving! Spooky!
484
00:30:55,125 --> 00:30:57,116
I imagine your date
to be very kind.
485
00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:00,081
And very impotent.
486
00:31:03,583 --> 00:31:05,574
All the cars that
your mum and I ever owned
487
00:31:05,583 --> 00:31:07,244
were stranded assets,
488
00:31:07,250 --> 00:31:11,368
meaning that 96% of the time
they were parked or unused.
489
00:31:11,375 --> 00:31:12,956
But now, in 2040,
490
00:31:12,958 --> 00:31:16,246
with driver costs gone
and the rideshare explosion,
491
00:31:16,250 --> 00:31:18,957
fewer people actually own cars.
492
00:31:18,958 --> 00:31:22,121
They get around in
luxurious pods like this
493
00:31:22,125 --> 00:31:23,990
for next to nothing.
494
00:31:25,458 --> 00:31:28,825
It's just inner cities that are
likely to be driverless only.
495
00:31:29,875 --> 00:31:31,866
And we could really
fatten the doughnut
496
00:31:31,875 --> 00:31:33,957
if vehicles were
community-owned.
497
00:31:39,250 --> 00:31:40,865
But I secretly hope, darling,
498
00:31:40,875 --> 00:31:43,742
that rocket boots girl
has achieved her ambition
499
00:31:43,750 --> 00:31:46,457
of worldwide domination.
500
00:31:46,458 --> 00:31:48,369
So, this is
a huge disruption
501
00:31:48,375 --> 00:31:51,082
of a massive part of
the labour force.
502
00:31:51,083 --> 00:31:54,246
Inevitably, there'll be
debates around this technology.
503
00:31:55,500 --> 00:31:58,332
But if enough of us
embrace ridesharing,
504
00:31:58,333 --> 00:32:02,872
we could reclaim our cities
for humans instead of vehicles,
505
00:32:02,875 --> 00:32:05,491
and generate
millions of new jobs.
506
00:32:22,958 --> 00:32:24,949
This is big vision.
507
00:32:24,958 --> 00:32:27,370
We just need to have
that vision now.
508
00:32:27,375 --> 00:32:29,616
A lot of people want to be
working on something
509
00:32:29,625 --> 00:32:31,616
that they can see is actually
helping to regenerate
510
00:32:31,625 --> 00:32:34,367
and innovatively
recreate the world.
511
00:32:38,250 --> 00:32:41,492
The extra space in our
cities could allow the building
512
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:44,242
of more low-cost
sustainable homes.
513
00:32:47,625 --> 00:32:52,449
And we could see the growth
of remanufacturing industries,
514
00:32:52,458 --> 00:32:55,450
which might convert
existing vehicles to electric.
515
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:03,117
But most exciting could be
the urban food farms
516
00:33:03,125 --> 00:33:05,241
that spring up
in empty parking lots.
517
00:33:08,125 --> 00:33:10,366
Or inside disused car parks.
518
00:33:12,708 --> 00:33:16,246
And imagine having fresh local
food growing on our rooftops.
519
00:33:19,500 --> 00:33:23,493
This would also contribute to
a much healthier environment.
520
00:33:25,375 --> 00:33:27,741
It's unbeatable to grow
food in your own backyard.
521
00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:29,240
It's unbeatable to grow food
522
00:33:29,250 --> 00:33:31,081
all through and around
your city.
523
00:33:31,083 --> 00:33:34,371
It's unbeatable to grow
food on your roof.
524
00:33:34,375 --> 00:33:39,449
Those are the absolute
gold standard of emissions.
525
00:33:43,125 --> 00:33:45,957
One day you will be
amazed by the distances
526
00:33:45,958 --> 00:33:47,869
some of our food travelled.
527
00:33:50,333 --> 00:33:52,198
Bring up data for 2016.
528
00:33:53,625 --> 00:33:58,073
In 2016, the us was importing
the same amount of beef
529
00:33:58,083 --> 00:33:59,698
as it was exporting.
530
00:34:05,375 --> 00:34:08,492
Fish caught in Norway was flown
to China for filleting.
531
00:34:10,583 --> 00:34:12,824
Then flown back to Norway
to be sold.
532
00:34:15,125 --> 00:34:16,740
What were you guys thinking?
533
00:34:17,750 --> 00:34:19,240
Well, sometimes we weren't.
534
00:34:20,333 --> 00:34:21,994
But how's this?
535
00:34:23,083 --> 00:34:25,620
If we electrify
our transport systems
536
00:34:25,625 --> 00:34:28,241
and frankly, make them
far more attractive...
537
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:32,867
A lot more fossil fuels
will stay in the ground.
538
00:34:34,125 --> 00:34:35,615
If nobody's going to buy
539
00:34:35,625 --> 00:34:37,741
internal combustion engine
petrol cars,
540
00:34:37,750 --> 00:34:39,866
nobody's going to buy oil.
541
00:34:39,875 --> 00:34:44,744
What we see is that oil demand
is going to peak
542
00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:48,413
and it's going to
go down dramatically.
543
00:34:48,417 --> 00:34:50,157
And it's never coming back.
544
00:34:52,417 --> 00:34:55,864
This means areas like
the tar sands oil fields
545
00:34:55,875 --> 00:34:58,787
could be magnificently
transformed.
546
00:35:08,417 --> 00:35:11,659
If you do choose to
live in a city, velvet,
547
00:35:11,667 --> 00:35:13,282
I hope it's a bit like this.
548
00:35:16,875 --> 00:35:19,912
A city where
so many of the public parks,
549
00:35:19,917 --> 00:35:25,116
urban food projects
and cleaner transport networks,
550
00:35:25,125 --> 00:35:27,992
all contribute to
a healthier environment,
551
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:30,412
while fostering a greater sense
of community..
552
00:35:32,042 --> 00:35:34,408
And a hell of a lot less
road rage.
553
00:35:43,625 --> 00:35:45,115
But the bonus
554
00:35:45,125 --> 00:35:48,288
is that you can now actually
hear birds singing
555
00:35:48,292 --> 00:35:49,998
in the middle of the city.
556
00:36:02,667 --> 00:36:05,534
As wonderful as
this future could be,
557
00:36:05,542 --> 00:36:08,909
I was pretty gobsmacked
to learn that vested interests
558
00:36:08,917 --> 00:36:11,909
now spend almost
$1 billion a year
559
00:36:11,917 --> 00:36:14,750
preventing us from actually
lowering our emissions.
560
00:36:18,417 --> 00:36:20,624
So, the fossil fuel industry
561
00:36:20,625 --> 00:36:22,411
have being doing
a magnificent job
562
00:36:22,417 --> 00:36:24,874
at copying the tobacco playbook
563
00:36:24,875 --> 00:36:28,288
in creating doubt and confusion
amongst the public.
564
00:36:28,292 --> 00:36:30,658
And I've been following
some of their key players,
565
00:36:30,667 --> 00:36:32,749
their sneaky players, online,
566
00:36:32,750 --> 00:36:34,286
just to try and learn
and understand
567
00:36:34,292 --> 00:36:35,782
some of the tactics.
568
00:36:35,792 --> 00:36:37,282
So, one of the things they do
569
00:36:37,292 --> 00:36:38,782
is that they create websites
570
00:36:38,792 --> 00:36:40,999
that sound and look
very Sincere,
571
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,911
but are full of misinformation.
572
00:36:42,917 --> 00:36:46,489
You see here the innocent
hummingbird, the leaf.
573
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:48,161
They'll also fund think tanks
574
00:36:48,167 --> 00:36:50,249
that come up with really clever
cultural memes
575
00:36:53,417 --> 00:36:55,533
and these are things like,
you know,
576
00:36:55,542 --> 00:36:57,248
"climate science isn't settled",
577
00:36:57,250 --> 00:36:59,411
which is ripped
straight from tobacco.
578
00:36:59,417 --> 00:37:00,907
Or "climate change
is a religion".
579
00:37:00,917 --> 00:37:02,657
That's another one.
It's very evocative.
580
00:37:02,667 --> 00:37:05,499
They'll also used fake bots
or algorithms
581
00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:08,037
that appear to be humans
on social media,
582
00:37:08,042 --> 00:37:09,998
and what this does
is creates a sense
583
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,912
that they have more support
than they actually do.
584
00:37:12,917 --> 00:37:16,364
And this one's pretty key
because companies like exxon
585
00:37:16,375 --> 00:37:18,912
will often fund lots of
different organisations
586
00:37:18,917 --> 00:37:20,407
to make it look like
587
00:37:20,417 --> 00:37:22,282
there's this wide consensus
of climate denial,
588
00:37:22,292 --> 00:37:23,782
whereas in actual fact,
589
00:37:23,792 --> 00:37:25,748
all those different
organisations
590
00:37:25,750 --> 00:37:28,287
were funded by the same source.
591
00:37:31,917 --> 00:37:35,159
These tactics have focused
the conversation
592
00:37:35,167 --> 00:37:37,783
primarily on our emissions,
593
00:37:37,792 --> 00:37:41,410
while obscuring a crucial
component of our dilemma.
594
00:37:43,625 --> 00:37:46,287
If we ceased
all emissions today,
595
00:37:46,292 --> 00:37:48,157
if we cut emissions to zero,
596
00:37:48,167 --> 00:37:49,782
human emissions to zero,
597
00:37:49,792 --> 00:37:51,373
we would still be toast.
598
00:37:51,375 --> 00:37:53,741
We're still already over
a tipping point
599
00:37:53,750 --> 00:37:56,412
and on our way
to a point of no return.
600
00:37:56,417 --> 00:37:58,408
So we have to reduce
the emissions
601
00:37:58,417 --> 00:38:00,499
that we're producing today,
602
00:38:00,500 --> 00:38:03,162
and we also have to
sequester carbon
603
00:38:03,167 --> 00:38:05,999
and we have to remove excess
carbon from the atmosphere
604
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:07,490
and store it.
605
00:38:12,917 --> 00:38:14,999
With an increased sense
of urgency,
606
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:17,742
I met with Paul hawken,
607
00:38:17,750 --> 00:38:20,036
who thankfully
isn't afraid of heights.
608
00:38:21,667 --> 00:38:24,739
He's the founder of
project drawdown -
609
00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:28,789
the first comprehensive plan
to reverse global warming.
610
00:38:30,417 --> 00:38:34,365
If you look at the solutions
that we model in drawdown,
611
00:38:34,375 --> 00:38:36,866
they're virtually all
regenerative development.
612
00:38:36,875 --> 00:38:39,537
That is to say
the earth is better off,
613
00:38:39,542 --> 00:38:42,158
the people are better off,
the communities are better off,
614
00:38:42,167 --> 00:38:44,032
the creatures are better off,
the birds are better off.
615
00:38:44,042 --> 00:38:46,749
No matter what it is,
they're better off for it
616
00:38:46,750 --> 00:38:48,411
than had we not done it.
617
00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,868
Paul suggested I first explore
food and agriculture
618
00:38:54,875 --> 00:38:57,537
for drawdown opportunities.
619
00:38:57,542 --> 00:39:00,784
When you change agriculture
practices related to food,
620
00:39:00,792 --> 00:39:02,282
you can do two things.
621
00:39:02,292 --> 00:39:05,739
One is you stop emitting
carbon, co2,
622
00:39:05,750 --> 00:39:08,913
but you're also
sequestering carbon.
623
00:39:08,917 --> 00:39:11,283
So it's one of those sectors...
Yeah!
624
00:39:11,292 --> 00:39:13,499
That actually does both -
it's a twofer.
625
00:39:13,500 --> 00:39:15,491
Which is... not only does it
stop putting it up,
626
00:39:15,500 --> 00:39:16,990
but it actually brings it down.
627
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:19,616
So you're flipping
a whole sector.
628
00:39:21,167 --> 00:39:24,534
Yeah, I think that people
should be eating
629
00:39:24,542 --> 00:39:27,659
more fruit and vegetable
and less sweet stuff
630
00:39:27,667 --> 00:39:31,910
and so that the sweet
stuff should be, um...
631
00:39:31,917 --> 00:39:34,408
Like, you should be rationed
on sweet stuff.
632
00:39:34,417 --> 00:39:35,907
When I grow up,
633
00:39:35,917 --> 00:39:39,785
I want it to be national
hot dog day every day.
634
00:39:39,792 --> 00:39:43,284
I want to see more trees
635
00:39:43,292 --> 00:39:48,616
and also want to see chocolate
raining from the clouds.
636
00:39:50,292 --> 00:39:52,408
Be more healthy.
637
00:39:52,417 --> 00:39:55,409
That's all I really have to
say about the food.
638
00:39:55,417 --> 00:39:58,784
Like, I wanted not so much
people eating meat
639
00:39:58,792 --> 00:40:00,407
because that's animals.
640
00:40:00,417 --> 00:40:01,907
But I do like bacon.
641
00:40:01,917 --> 00:40:03,373
Bacon's nice.
642
00:40:04,542 --> 00:40:06,032
But...
643
00:40:06,042 --> 00:40:09,739
It still, like, pigs
and I have a pig toy.
644
00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:12,913
And when I eat bacon,
I feel kind of sad.
645
00:40:24,750 --> 00:40:27,412
Soil's almost
an unknown universe
646
00:40:27,417 --> 00:40:31,285
in that there's
over 6 billion microorganisms
647
00:40:31,292 --> 00:40:33,123
of huge diversity
648
00:40:33,125 --> 00:40:36,413
in a small spoonful of soil,
of healthy soil.
649
00:40:36,417 --> 00:40:38,533
Which is really quite amazing.
650
00:40:38,542 --> 00:40:40,908
Don't know who counted them,
but someone did.
651
00:40:40,917 --> 00:40:43,408
It's a tough job. Yeah.
652
00:40:47,667 --> 00:40:52,991
I was in regional Victoria
in Australia to meet col seis,
653
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:55,412
a champion of
regenerative agriculture.
654
00:40:57,042 --> 00:40:59,909
In 1979, we had a major
bushfire at home.
655
00:40:59,917 --> 00:41:02,033
Like... a wildfire.
656
00:41:02,042 --> 00:41:04,658
And lost virtually
all of our sheep,
657
00:41:04,667 --> 00:41:06,783
which were 3,000 merino sheep.
658
00:41:06,792 --> 00:41:11,411
I went from going ok
to being broke overnight.
659
00:41:11,417 --> 00:41:12,907
So I had to work out
a way of doing it
660
00:41:12,917 --> 00:41:14,407
without spending any money.
661
00:41:14,417 --> 00:41:17,284
And I developed
a different way of farming,
662
00:41:17,292 --> 00:41:21,409
totally different,
through 1980s and 1990s,
663
00:41:21,417 --> 00:41:24,159
which turned out to
regenerate the land.
664
00:41:24,167 --> 00:41:26,499
Using a lot less
chemicals and inputs
665
00:41:26,500 --> 00:41:28,161
than is traditionally used.
666
00:41:28,167 --> 00:41:29,998
That's right.
And since I changed -
667
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:31,410
I actually did the figures
on it -
668
00:41:31,417 --> 00:41:35,865
I've saved over $2 million,
since I changed.
669
00:41:35,875 --> 00:41:37,615
I don't go where
the $2 million went.
670
00:41:42,417 --> 00:41:45,374
Col helps farmers around
the world use plants
671
00:41:45,375 --> 00:41:47,661
to pull carbon from
the atmosphere
672
00:41:47,667 --> 00:41:49,157
and put it into their soil...
673
00:41:50,792 --> 00:41:53,124
Because our constant
ploughing of the soil
674
00:41:53,125 --> 00:41:55,366
has released billions of
tonnes of the stuff.
675
00:41:57,417 --> 00:42:00,784
Over the last
10,000 years of agriculture,
676
00:42:00,792 --> 00:42:02,373
the degradation of soils
677
00:42:02,375 --> 00:42:06,368
has been one of the leading
causes of climate change.
678
00:42:06,375 --> 00:42:08,411
It's actually, as of right now,
679
00:42:08,417 --> 00:42:10,373
a larger cause of climate change
680
00:42:10,375 --> 00:42:12,286
than burning fossil fuels.
681
00:42:16,792 --> 00:42:20,159
I asked col to strike
a farming calendar pose
682
00:42:20,167 --> 00:42:22,374
to explain how he brings
the carbon back home.
683
00:42:25,417 --> 00:42:28,784
Plants use carbon dioxide
and energy from the sun
684
00:42:28,792 --> 00:42:30,623
to create simple sugars.
685
00:42:32,417 --> 00:42:34,999
The plant uses
some of these sugars to grow.
686
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,912
The rest is pumped into
the soil, through the roots.
687
00:42:39,042 --> 00:42:41,624
These sugars feed soil microbes,
688
00:42:41,625 --> 00:42:43,741
which interact with the plant
689
00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:46,742
and the carbon dioxide
taken from the atmosphere
690
00:42:46,750 --> 00:42:49,617
is sequestered into the soil
as carbon.
691
00:42:56,792 --> 00:42:58,282
- G'day!
- Fraser.
692
00:42:58,292 --> 00:42:59,782
- Hey, Damon.
- Nice to meet you, mate.
693
00:42:59,792 --> 00:43:01,282
- You too.
- How you going?
694
00:43:01,292 --> 00:43:03,499
- Very well. G'day. Col.
- G'day.
695
00:43:06,042 --> 00:43:08,374
We went to
take the kids fishing
696
00:43:08,375 --> 00:43:11,492
and we had to go and find worms
on the farm
697
00:43:11,500 --> 00:43:14,992
and Fraser was just going from
paddock to paddock
698
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:16,536
trying to find worms.
699
00:43:16,542 --> 00:43:18,282
- There wasn't any.
- There was none.
700
00:43:18,292 --> 00:43:19,782
And it ended up...
701
00:43:19,792 --> 00:43:21,657
This fun experience
ended up being not so fun
702
00:43:21,667 --> 00:43:23,157
because there was
so much frustration
703
00:43:23,167 --> 00:43:25,874
about how come there weren't
any worms and...
704
00:43:25,875 --> 00:43:27,615
'Cause healthy soil has worms.
705
00:43:29,375 --> 00:43:31,616
We had everything
going for our farm
706
00:43:31,625 --> 00:43:34,037
and I didn't feel that
it was getting the yields
707
00:43:34,042 --> 00:43:35,748
and getting the results that,
you know,
708
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:37,411
I thought were going
to be there.
709
00:43:37,417 --> 00:43:40,784
And I tried just throwing
more fertiliser at it
710
00:43:40,792 --> 00:43:42,373
and that didn't seem to work.
711
00:43:42,375 --> 00:43:44,036
And so I just had
all these questions
712
00:43:44,042 --> 00:43:47,910
around what we were doing
and why we were doing it.
713
00:43:50,625 --> 00:43:52,365
So, what's going on here,
fellas?
714
00:43:52,375 --> 00:43:55,867
So, this is what we call
a chemical summer fallow.
715
00:43:55,875 --> 00:43:56,910
Yep.
716
00:43:56,917 --> 00:43:58,407
Where we control
the weeds
717
00:43:58,417 --> 00:43:59,873
with a chemical over summer.
718
00:43:59,875 --> 00:44:01,365
So, how does that
affect the soil,
719
00:44:01,375 --> 00:44:03,286
like, in terms of the...
720
00:44:03,292 --> 00:44:05,032
This form of agriculture
721
00:44:05,042 --> 00:44:07,499
really kills
the whole soil ecosystem.
722
00:44:09,667 --> 00:44:11,908
So, what are we
looking at there, col?
723
00:44:11,917 --> 00:44:15,114
That hard compaction,
poor-structured soil
724
00:44:15,125 --> 00:44:17,912
is really not good
in agriculture.
725
00:44:17,917 --> 00:44:20,249
Like, if you think about a plant
726
00:44:20,250 --> 00:44:23,788
trying to get through that,
it's almost impossible. Um...
727
00:44:23,792 --> 00:44:26,624
The other thing too,
water can't get in there.
728
00:44:26,625 --> 00:44:28,911
To counteract
these problems,
729
00:44:28,917 --> 00:44:32,910
col's simple advice to Fraser
was to start planting.
730
00:44:35,417 --> 00:44:36,907
Ok, so what we've done here
731
00:44:36,917 --> 00:44:39,533
is planted a mix of
different species.
732
00:44:39,542 --> 00:44:41,032
About 80 in total.
733
00:44:42,125 --> 00:44:45,288
They all play a role
in the soil health,
734
00:44:45,292 --> 00:44:47,032
with their different roots
735
00:44:47,042 --> 00:44:49,499
and their different
root exudates.
736
00:44:49,500 --> 00:44:54,415
So we've got the sunflower here
and the sorghum.
737
00:44:54,417 --> 00:44:57,033
- Um, millet.
- Yeah, right.
738
00:44:57,042 --> 00:44:58,407
Down here.
739
00:44:58,417 --> 00:45:00,749
And all these together
means with that variety,
740
00:45:00,750 --> 00:45:02,240
it's making the soil...
741
00:45:02,250 --> 00:45:03,740
It's pulling the carbon
into the soil
742
00:45:03,750 --> 00:45:04,990
and making it healthier.
743
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:06,661
That's right. Yeah. Exactly.
744
00:45:06,667 --> 00:45:08,532
- Go, nature!
- Yeah.
745
00:45:19,750 --> 00:45:23,288
If we go back even
a few thousand years,
746
00:45:23,292 --> 00:45:24,998
all of the grasslands
in the world
747
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,538
were dominated by large mobs of
grazing animals.
748
00:45:31,042 --> 00:45:36,241
And also, they were kept moving
all the time by predators.
749
00:45:36,250 --> 00:45:38,036
So the animals -
in this case, cattle -
750
00:45:38,042 --> 00:45:40,499
are never kept on
the same area at one time.
751
00:45:42,667 --> 00:45:45,283
By letting the cattle
run amok in the crops,
752
00:45:45,292 --> 00:45:47,248
good things happen.
753
00:45:48,292 --> 00:45:51,159
They flatten the field,
754
00:45:51,167 --> 00:45:54,239
they create a utopia
for the local insects
755
00:45:54,250 --> 00:45:56,411
which becomes
a natural fertiliser,
756
00:45:56,417 --> 00:46:01,286
and crucially, they are fed
as nature intended.
757
00:46:04,417 --> 00:46:06,032
Over the last
50 or 60 years,
758
00:46:06,042 --> 00:46:09,409
we've removed animals
like cattle and sheep
759
00:46:09,417 --> 00:46:11,408
from eating their natural food
760
00:46:11,417 --> 00:46:14,124
and put them in feedlots,
eating grain.
761
00:46:14,125 --> 00:46:15,535
And we should
never have done that
762
00:46:15,542 --> 00:46:17,624
because they have never
evolved to eat grain.
763
00:46:19,042 --> 00:46:21,909
So what happens is that
the cattle are basically sick.
764
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:26,367
And we are finding out now
that the meat from feedlots
765
00:46:26,375 --> 00:46:27,911
is not healthy for us.
766
00:46:27,917 --> 00:46:30,283
It's certainly not healthy
for the animals.
767
00:46:30,292 --> 00:46:33,284
And it's something that
we should never have done.
768
00:46:36,667 --> 00:46:38,749
Any discussion
around livestock
769
00:46:38,750 --> 00:46:41,162
has to include methane,
770
00:46:41,167 --> 00:46:44,409
which is another damaging
greenhouse gas,
771
00:46:44,417 --> 00:46:47,614
quite rudely burped out
by the cows.
772
00:46:53,917 --> 00:46:57,284
While some livestock practices
offset that damage,
773
00:46:57,292 --> 00:47:00,124
the bad news for the hot dog kid
774
00:47:00,125 --> 00:47:03,162
is that we need to embrace
a more plant-rich diet.
775
00:47:04,625 --> 00:47:06,035
And the meat we do eat
776
00:47:06,042 --> 00:47:08,909
should ideally come from
regenerative practices
777
00:47:08,917 --> 00:47:10,407
like Fraser's.
778
00:47:11,792 --> 00:47:14,249
Plant-rich diet means that
we actually reduce
779
00:47:14,250 --> 00:47:18,744
the amount of protein that
we eat in wealthier nations,
780
00:47:18,750 --> 00:47:20,286
because it's too high.
781
00:47:20,292 --> 00:47:22,658
It's 100-110g per day.
782
00:47:22,667 --> 00:47:26,740
What we model is
decreasing that to 50-60 g.
783
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:30,241
The fact is, some people
want to eat meat.
784
00:47:30,250 --> 00:47:33,037
What meat they eat
is critically important.
785
00:47:33,042 --> 00:47:35,749
How it's produced,
how it relates to the land
786
00:47:35,750 --> 00:47:37,911
are very, very important.
787
00:47:45,417 --> 00:47:49,160
But as our climate becomes
increasingly volatile,
788
00:47:49,167 --> 00:47:52,614
this type of farming has
one more crucial advantage.
789
00:47:54,375 --> 00:47:58,994
For every 1% increase in carbon
to 30cm,
790
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:02,413
we increase the water holding
capacity of soil
791
00:48:02,417 --> 00:48:05,614
by 166,000 litres per hectare.
792
00:48:05,625 --> 00:48:07,035
On every rainfall event.
793
00:48:10,417 --> 00:48:12,908
When it rains,
the soil on the left,
794
00:48:12,917 --> 00:48:15,784
with more carbon
and organic matter,
795
00:48:15,792 --> 00:48:19,034
absorbs the water
and less runs off the top.
796
00:48:20,792 --> 00:48:23,283
Whereas the chemical-ridden
soil on the right
797
00:48:23,292 --> 00:48:28,286
absorbs almost no water,
and allows it to run off,
798
00:48:28,292 --> 00:48:30,283
taking the chemicals with it
799
00:48:30,292 --> 00:48:32,658
into nearby rivers
and waterways.
800
00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:37,286
That's the way we can
buffer against droughts
801
00:48:37,292 --> 00:48:38,782
and dry seasons.
802
00:48:38,792 --> 00:48:40,282
Grasslands,
all around the world,
803
00:48:40,292 --> 00:48:42,999
they virtually had a built-in
irrigation system.
804
00:48:44,417 --> 00:48:47,033
Really can see
the aggregation that's going on
805
00:48:47,042 --> 00:48:48,532
from all these roots
806
00:48:48,542 --> 00:48:50,783
of all the different plants
we've been growing in here.
807
00:48:50,792 --> 00:48:52,874
So what we've got going here
with this clod
808
00:48:52,875 --> 00:48:55,036
is basically a dry paddock
809
00:48:55,042 --> 00:48:58,785
with, um, not much growing
in it, apart from a few weeds.
810
00:48:58,792 --> 00:49:00,498
And here, three months ago,
811
00:49:00,500 --> 00:49:05,244
we planted the multi-species
grazing crop, yeah.
812
00:49:06,417 --> 00:49:08,499
So that's in three
months that's happened?
813
00:49:08,500 --> 00:49:10,661
That's in three-months.
It's incredible, isn't it?
814
00:49:10,667 --> 00:49:13,659
That kind of represents big ag,
815
00:49:13,667 --> 00:49:16,158
and this represents
mother nature.
816
00:49:16,167 --> 00:49:18,533
And it's pretty obvious
who I'd rather
817
00:49:18,542 --> 00:49:20,658
get my source of vegetables
from.
818
00:49:20,667 --> 00:49:23,909
Well, when we talk
about trying to work out
819
00:49:23,917 --> 00:49:26,784
some of the global problems
and trying to do it quickly,
820
00:49:26,792 --> 00:49:29,499
well, you can really see the
speed that it can happen here.
821
00:49:29,500 --> 00:49:30,910
I mean, look at all these roots.
822
00:49:30,917 --> 00:49:33,374
Like, that's all carbon pumped,
isn't it?
823
00:49:33,375 --> 00:49:37,163
It is. It really shows that
plants, plants and more plants.
824
00:49:37,167 --> 00:49:40,034
In other words,
plant diversity, um,
825
00:49:40,042 --> 00:49:41,907
plus grazing animals
826
00:49:41,917 --> 00:49:44,408
will create that
and fix our problems.
827
00:49:46,292 --> 00:49:50,160
People ask me, "well,
what can we say to farmers?"
828
00:49:50,167 --> 00:49:52,783
And the answer is,
"we can't do without you."
829
00:49:52,792 --> 00:49:55,624
We can't mitigate climate
change without agriculture,
830
00:49:55,625 --> 00:49:57,536
so we have to find ways,
831
00:50:01,042 --> 00:50:02,998
instead of part of the problem.
832
00:50:06,042 --> 00:50:07,998
Fraser will now
let his multi-species crop
833
00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:09,661
break down.
834
00:50:11,667 --> 00:50:14,158
He can then plant
his commercial crops here
835
00:50:14,167 --> 00:50:17,159
without having to break
the soil and release carbon.
836
00:50:18,917 --> 00:50:21,158
But perhaps most importantly,
837
00:50:21,167 --> 00:50:23,533
he can now
take the kids fishing.
838
00:50:34,917 --> 00:50:37,784
So, I just bake it for
20 to 30 minutes?
839
00:50:37,792 --> 00:50:39,748
Yes, that's it. You've got it.
840
00:50:39,750 --> 00:50:41,240
And then, once it's done,
841
00:50:41,250 --> 00:50:43,366
you just sprinkle the Greens
on the top and that's it.
842
00:50:43,375 --> 00:50:44,615
Beautiful.
843
00:50:44,625 --> 00:50:46,911
- Thanks, nan. Love you.
- Ok. Bye, darl.
844
00:50:46,917 --> 00:50:48,282
Bye!
845
00:50:48,292 --> 00:50:51,124
By 2040, my hope, velvet,
846
00:50:51,125 --> 00:50:53,411
is that more people
will have an understanding
847
00:50:53,417 --> 00:50:56,784
of how the foods they eat
impact our environment.
848
00:50:59,125 --> 00:51:01,116
If this transpires,
849
00:51:01,125 --> 00:51:03,787
your generation are likely
to eat a lot less meat
850
00:51:03,792 --> 00:51:05,282
than mine did.
851
00:51:08,250 --> 00:51:10,036
There's no doubt
we'll continue our obsession
852
00:51:10,042 --> 00:51:11,407
with fad diets.
853
00:51:11,417 --> 00:51:14,159
We find it's the flavour-free
diet that's the way to go
854
00:51:14,167 --> 00:51:15,623
because let's face it -
855
00:51:15,625 --> 00:51:17,115
it's the flavour
that gets us into trouble.
856
00:51:17,125 --> 00:51:18,911
Isn't that right?
857
00:51:18,917 --> 00:51:20,908
I'll just love
tending our garden.
858
00:51:21,917 --> 00:51:23,407
From an app.
859
00:51:24,917 --> 00:51:27,499
And your mum and I will
completely understand
860
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:29,786
when you start avoiding
dinner at our house.
861
00:51:35,042 --> 00:51:37,283
With less global
consumption of meat,
862
00:51:37,292 --> 00:51:40,284
aided by some pretty convincing
substitutes...
863
00:51:43,250 --> 00:51:45,992
We could see many feedlots
close down.
864
00:51:48,542 --> 00:51:51,158
And animals returned to the land
865
00:51:51,167 --> 00:51:53,158
for use in regenerative farming.
866
00:51:58,042 --> 00:52:00,283
But just imagine
what we could do
867
00:52:02,917 --> 00:52:06,159
that is currently being used
to grow food for animals.
868
00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:12,286
This land could transition
869
00:52:12,292 --> 00:52:15,249
to a range of
regenerative practices
870
00:52:15,250 --> 00:52:19,664
that drawdown vast amounts
of carbon into the soil,
871
00:52:19,667 --> 00:52:22,158
while retaining precious water
872
00:52:22,167 --> 00:52:24,658
and producing
nutrient-dense food.
873
00:52:30,125 --> 00:52:35,119
Instead of soy or grains, we
could feed the animals grass,
874
00:52:35,125 --> 00:52:38,913
crop residue, or food waste.
875
00:52:39,917 --> 00:52:42,408
This would improve
the health of the animals,
876
00:52:42,417 --> 00:52:45,784
the people who choose to
eat them
877
00:52:45,792 --> 00:52:47,657
and our environment.
878
00:52:54,000 --> 00:52:56,742
The steep croplands
around the world, darling,
879
00:52:56,750 --> 00:52:58,615
could be used to grow foods
880
00:52:58,625 --> 00:53:01,367
that also draw down huge
amounts of carbon.
881
00:53:03,500 --> 00:53:06,913
A practice called agroforestry
does this
882
00:53:06,917 --> 00:53:09,784
by simultaneously growing foods
like pawpaw,
883
00:53:09,792 --> 00:53:14,286
bananas, coffee, avocados
or vegetables,
884
00:53:14,292 --> 00:53:17,784
but crucially,
on small parcels of land.
885
00:53:20,417 --> 00:53:23,784
With highly diversified
local food systems,
886
00:53:23,792 --> 00:53:28,991
you have a way of really
dramatically decreasing
887
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:33,790
the scale of land, water,
energy needed,
888
00:53:33,792 --> 00:53:35,748
and massively increasing
889
00:53:35,750 --> 00:53:37,661
how much you can get
from that land.
890
00:53:44,667 --> 00:53:47,158
Industrial ag says,
"without us, you're not...
891
00:53:47,167 --> 00:53:48,907
"You're going to starve.
You're not going to eat.”
892
00:53:48,917 --> 00:53:51,784
Well, actually between 70% and
80% of the food in the world
893
00:53:51,792 --> 00:53:53,657
is created by small holders.
894
00:53:57,792 --> 00:54:02,365
Industrial ag provides
20% of the food in the world.
895
00:54:02,375 --> 00:54:06,539
Most of that is corn
and soy fed to animals.
896
00:54:06,542 --> 00:54:09,409
A lot of that is sugar,
which we don't need.
897
00:54:10,667 --> 00:54:14,034
So the idea that big ag
is going to save us,
898
00:54:14,042 --> 00:54:16,784
or without which we cannot exist
899
00:54:16,792 --> 00:54:18,532
is absolutely upside down
and backwards,
900
00:54:18,542 --> 00:54:20,282
because they produce sickness,
901
00:54:20,292 --> 00:54:22,658
they produce obesity,
they produce diabetes.
902
00:54:22,667 --> 00:54:24,282
That's what big ag is producing.
903
00:54:27,417 --> 00:54:28,998
I hope one day, velvet,
904
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:32,413
you get to read the story of
how we reached this future.
905
00:54:35,625 --> 00:54:37,616
It's about how those
who polluted our air
906
00:54:37,625 --> 00:54:41,161
with excess carbon
had to pay a penalty.
907
00:54:42,750 --> 00:54:44,240
And the money raised
908
00:54:44,250 --> 00:54:47,037
paid farmers to clean our air
909
00:54:47,042 --> 00:54:48,657
by putting it back
into the soil.
910
00:54:52,375 --> 00:54:54,161
This helped restore
the climate...
911
00:54:55,917 --> 00:54:57,623
Biodiversity loss...
912
00:54:58,917 --> 00:55:00,407
And land conversion...
913
00:55:01,417 --> 00:55:03,874
While pulling more people
into the doughnut
914
00:55:03,875 --> 00:55:06,787
by saving precious water,
915
00:55:06,792 --> 00:55:09,909
improving the quality
of our food,
916
00:55:09,917 --> 00:55:13,114
and in turn
improving our health.
917
00:55:26,417 --> 00:55:27,998
It's interesting,
making this film,
918
00:55:28,000 --> 00:55:29,911
the more that
I'm learning about...
919
00:55:31,417 --> 00:55:34,659
You realise how hard it is
to actually do the right thing.
920
00:55:34,667 --> 00:55:38,615
And in a sense, it's tempting
to kind of just shut down
921
00:55:38,625 --> 00:55:40,115
and switch off
922
00:55:40,125 --> 00:55:42,411
because, I mean, here I am
sitting on an aeroplane
923
00:55:42,417 --> 00:55:45,659
that is spewing out
half a tonne of carbon,
924
00:55:45,667 --> 00:55:47,282
making this film,
925
00:55:47,292 --> 00:55:49,157
or getting water in this cup
926
00:55:49,167 --> 00:55:50,907
that's probably going to go
straight into the ocean
927
00:55:50,917 --> 00:55:52,623
and hurt a baby turtle,
928
00:55:52,625 --> 00:55:54,616
and I don't want to know that.
929
00:55:54,625 --> 00:55:56,115
And most people don't want to
know about that,
930
00:55:56,125 --> 00:55:57,615
so they switch off.
931
00:55:57,625 --> 00:56:01,288
And you can't help but be
a hypocrite at the moment
932
00:56:01,292 --> 00:56:05,285
because our entire system is
built on and by fossil fuels.
933
00:56:06,375 --> 00:56:07,865
Fossil fuels have done us
really well
934
00:56:07,875 --> 00:56:09,240
to get to this point.
935
00:56:09,250 --> 00:56:10,740
There's some great
things in the world.
936
00:56:10,750 --> 00:56:12,240
But we can't keep doing
what we're doing.
937
00:56:12,250 --> 00:56:13,615
It's actually impossible
938
00:56:13,625 --> 00:56:15,741
to maintain the resources
we're using.
939
00:56:15,750 --> 00:56:17,741
So we're going to
have to transition,
940
00:56:17,750 --> 00:56:19,240
and it's going to be
a little bit awkward,
941
00:56:19,250 --> 00:56:21,241
if we're going to give
our kids a better future.
942
00:56:37,417 --> 00:56:39,282
j to the place on the map
943
00:56:39,292 --> 00:56:42,659
j from which no-one
has ever returned... j
944
00:56:43,917 --> 00:56:46,249
While storing carbon
in our soil
945
00:56:46,250 --> 00:56:49,663
will go a long way
to solving our problem,
946
00:56:49,667 --> 00:56:53,239
there is a limit to how much
carbon soil can hold.
947
00:56:54,375 --> 00:56:57,242
So we're going to need another
leg-up from mother nature.
948
00:56:59,500 --> 00:57:01,912
Make sure coral looks ok
949
00:57:01,917 --> 00:57:04,909
'cause it normally looks like
a rainbow in the sea
950
00:57:04,917 --> 00:57:07,374
with all the fishes,
951
00:57:07,375 --> 00:57:09,616
but sometimes if you litter,
952
00:57:09,625 --> 00:57:12,367
it looks a bit not good.
953
00:57:12,375 --> 00:57:17,415
It looks like... a big, big
mess.
954
00:57:18,625 --> 00:57:20,911
At the beach,
it would just not be the same
955
00:57:20,917 --> 00:57:22,908
if you can't swim in the water.
956
00:57:22,917 --> 00:57:25,909
And also all the really amazing
marine animals
957
00:57:25,917 --> 00:57:28,784
like vaquita, whales, sea fish -
958
00:57:28,792 --> 00:57:31,909
if they were all gone, then
it just wouldn't be the same,
959
00:57:31,917 --> 00:57:33,157
the world.
960
00:57:33,167 --> 00:57:36,739
I want the oceans to be cleaner.
961
00:57:40,167 --> 00:57:41,657
One of the coming
attractions
962
00:57:41,667 --> 00:57:43,908
that I think is gonna to have
the biggest impact
963
00:57:43,917 --> 00:57:47,660
is what is called
marine permaculture.
964
00:57:47,667 --> 00:57:50,124
It's just another way of
farming in the ocean,
965
00:57:50,125 --> 00:57:52,616
but this is a more wild farming
966
00:57:52,625 --> 00:57:54,786
because it actually
sets up the context
967
00:57:54,792 --> 00:57:57,750
for the oceans to
regenerate themselves.
968
00:58:07,292 --> 00:58:09,999
Dr Brian Von herzen,
a physicist,
969
00:58:10,000 --> 00:58:11,490
used to fly to Europe every year
970
00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:15,243
and he saw how quickly the
Greenland ice sheet was melting
971
00:58:15,250 --> 00:58:17,912
and decided to change
his whole life in 2006
972
00:58:17,917 --> 00:58:19,407
to restoring living systems,
973
00:58:19,417 --> 00:58:20,907
and focused on the ocean.
974
00:58:25,167 --> 00:58:27,533
Brian told me
to pack a lunch...
975
00:58:27,542 --> 00:58:29,498
And a sick bag,
976
00:58:29,500 --> 00:58:32,037
as we were spending the day
out at sea.
977
00:58:38,625 --> 00:58:40,536
With 93% of global warming
978
00:58:40,542 --> 00:58:42,533
going into the ocean today
each year,
979
00:58:42,542 --> 00:58:45,499
the problem is that
the waters are getting too warm
980
00:58:45,500 --> 00:58:47,912
and without enough
overturning circulation,
981
00:58:47,917 --> 00:58:49,498
and there aren't enough
nutrients,
982
00:58:49,500 --> 00:58:52,412
and the result is
we lose the life in the ocean.
983
00:58:54,125 --> 00:58:56,912
Understandably,
there has been reluctance
984
00:58:56,917 --> 00:58:58,657
to meddle with our oceans.
985
00:58:59,917 --> 00:59:01,657
But the fact that they
are getting warmer,
986
00:59:01,667 --> 00:59:03,749
becoming acidic,
987
00:59:03,750 --> 00:59:07,288
and many fish species are now
in danger of collapse...
988
00:59:09,125 --> 00:59:11,286
Means that they
actually need our help.
989
00:59:14,417 --> 00:59:17,033
Brian's solution is seaweed.
990
00:59:18,917 --> 00:59:21,408
So what we do
with marine permaculture
991
00:59:21,417 --> 00:59:24,614
is we restore
overturning circulation.
992
00:59:24,625 --> 00:59:27,742
It's as if your leg was asleep
and you lost circulation.
993
00:59:27,750 --> 00:59:29,411
We have to do that
with the ocean.
994
00:59:29,417 --> 00:59:31,908
We've gotta get that
overturning circulation
995
00:59:31,917 --> 00:59:32,906
going again
996
00:59:32,917 --> 00:59:35,874
to bring the cool waters up
with the higher nutrient levels
997
00:59:35,875 --> 00:59:39,163
that can actually restore
conditions for the seaweeds.
998
00:59:40,917 --> 00:59:42,908
Between Australia
and the United States,
999
00:59:42,917 --> 00:59:46,535
there's 100,000,000 km?
Of ocean desert
1000
00:59:46,542 --> 00:59:49,409
that is amenable to
marine permaculture.
1001
00:59:50,500 --> 00:59:53,788
We can actually restore life
in subtropical oceans,
1002
00:59:53,792 --> 00:59:57,785
restore the fish habitat that's
needed to restore fisheries.
1003
01:00:00,000 --> 01:00:03,618
Marine permaculture
is a regenerative technology
1004
01:00:03,625 --> 01:00:05,115
that works like this.
1005
01:00:06,375 --> 01:00:08,991
A frame made of
recycled material
1006
01:00:09,000 --> 01:00:11,992
becomes a platform for
the seaweed to grow on.
1007
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,241
It sits just below the surface
1008
01:00:14,250 --> 01:00:17,742
and sinks lower as the
seaweed grows and gets heavier.
1009
01:00:20,125 --> 01:00:23,663
A pump powered simply by
the rise and fall of the ocean,
1010
01:00:23,667 --> 01:00:26,784
brings the cold, nutrient-laden
waters from below
1011
01:00:26,792 --> 01:00:29,374
and disperses them
over the seaweed
1012
01:00:29,375 --> 01:00:31,536
in the upper warmer layer.
1013
01:00:31,542 --> 01:00:33,908
The seaweed can be
regularly harvested
1014
01:00:33,917 --> 01:00:35,999
and used for a range
of purposes.
1015
01:00:37,375 --> 01:00:41,288
Seaweed is good for food,
animal feed, fertiliser,
1016
01:00:41,292 --> 01:00:42,873
fibre and biofuel.
1017
01:00:42,875 --> 01:00:44,911
There's so much we can do
with seaweeds.
1018
01:00:52,542 --> 01:00:58,162
So, we're cruising along in
this very low-carbon vessel,
1019
01:00:58,167 --> 01:00:59,907
following Brian,
1020
01:00:59,917 --> 01:01:02,408
who's swum down
to get the seaweed
1021
01:01:02,417 --> 01:01:04,783
in one of his testing sites
here.
1022
01:01:09,667 --> 01:01:11,248
Except he's gone,
1023
01:01:11,250 --> 01:01:14,492
and he's been underwater for
about two minutes and, um...
1024
01:01:14,500 --> 01:01:15,785
Brian!
1025
01:01:17,792 --> 01:01:19,657
Brian?!
1026
01:01:19,667 --> 01:01:21,498
- I found it.
- You found it.
1027
01:01:21,500 --> 01:01:23,365
- Yeah.
- Alright, we'll come to you.
1028
01:01:25,042 --> 01:01:26,532
The permaculture tests
1029
01:01:26,542 --> 01:01:30,034
that Brian and his team have
conducted in the south pacific
1030
01:01:30,042 --> 01:01:32,624
have seen marine life return,
1031
01:01:32,625 --> 01:01:36,368
and the seaweed transform the
quality of the water itself.
1032
01:01:39,500 --> 01:01:41,786
Seaweeds actually
draw down
1033
01:01:41,792 --> 01:01:44,499
carbon dioxide
from the ocean waters.
1034
01:01:45,875 --> 01:01:48,491
And they restore the alkalinity
of the ocean.
1035
01:01:49,792 --> 01:01:53,535
That enables shellfish
and other creatures to thrive.
1036
01:01:57,542 --> 01:02:00,284
Damon, I thought we'd try
some seaweed salad today.
1037
01:02:00,292 --> 01:02:01,782
Oh.
1038
01:02:04,792 --> 01:02:06,623
Well, the little bursts of gas
are good.
1039
01:02:06,625 --> 01:02:08,115
Yeah. Like little poppers.
1040
01:02:11,167 --> 01:02:13,158
Ok. That's actually pretty good.
1041
01:02:13,167 --> 01:02:14,748
Seaweed salad.
1042
01:02:14,750 --> 01:02:17,287
So, what kind of... we're
getting omega 3s in here.
1043
01:02:17,292 --> 01:02:18,532
- What kind of...
- Oh, yeah.
1044
01:02:18,542 --> 01:02:19,873
What's our source?
1045
01:02:19,875 --> 01:02:22,662
Epa, dha, antioxidants,
phytonutrients,
1046
01:02:22,667 --> 01:02:24,282
omega nutrients.
1047
01:02:25,625 --> 01:02:30,369
But this humble weed has
one more heroic trait to offer.
1048
01:02:31,542 --> 01:02:35,034
It could play a profound role
in drawing down carbon.
1049
01:02:36,250 --> 01:02:38,161
Well, this is an example
of brown seaweed.
1050
01:02:38,167 --> 01:02:42,285
The fastest brown seaweeds
will grow half a metre per day.
1051
01:02:42,292 --> 01:02:44,533
Hang on. Half a metre a day?
1052
01:02:44,542 --> 01:02:46,032
Half a metre a day.
1053
01:02:46,042 --> 01:02:47,907
And they'll grow over 50m long.
1054
01:02:47,917 --> 01:02:50,408
Is that one of the fastest
growing plants in the world?
1055
01:02:50,417 --> 01:02:53,284
It is the fastest-growing
tree on the planet.
1056
01:02:53,292 --> 01:02:55,533
Wow. Ok. So that's why
the understanding of...
1057
01:02:55,542 --> 01:02:57,624
That it's going to be pulling
carbon out of the atmosphere
1058
01:02:57,625 --> 01:02:59,616
very quickly,
because it grows so fast.
1059
01:02:59,625 --> 01:03:03,994
Thousands of tonnes of carbon
per square kilometre per year.
1060
01:03:05,417 --> 01:03:06,782
Wow. Ok.
1061
01:03:08,042 --> 01:03:09,873
Win! It's not a weed at all.
1062
01:03:09,875 --> 01:03:12,912
It's food,
it's habitat for fish,
1063
01:03:12,917 --> 01:03:14,999
it gives back to
the fish ecosystems,
1064
01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:16,490
and we balance carbon.
1065
01:03:16,500 --> 01:03:18,036
We measure the carbon export.
1066
01:03:20,792 --> 01:03:23,624
The testing of large-scale
marine permaculture
1067
01:03:23,625 --> 01:03:25,035
is yet to be done.
1068
01:03:26,500 --> 01:03:28,491
But the stakes
couldn't be any higher
1069
01:03:28,500 --> 01:03:29,990
for getting them underway.
1070
01:03:31,792 --> 01:03:37,287
This is all about restoring the
foundation of our civilisation,
1071
01:03:37,292 --> 01:03:39,624
because with climate disruption,
1072
01:03:39,625 --> 01:03:42,287
we'll deplete the soils,
we'll deplete the oceans.
1073
01:03:42,292 --> 01:03:44,408
There will be
no civilisation left
1074
01:03:44,417 --> 01:03:48,035
because any time
you lose that foundation
1075
01:03:48,042 --> 01:03:50,249
of food and the soils
and the seas,
1076
01:03:50,250 --> 01:03:51,990
you lose civilisation as well.
1077
01:04:17,625 --> 01:04:21,789
So, velvet, because
the warming will increase
1078
01:04:21,792 --> 01:04:24,408
over the next two decades,
1079
01:04:24,417 --> 01:04:27,159
and sea levels
will continue to rise...
1080
01:04:28,500 --> 01:04:34,621
Some countries will need to
adapt in new and creative ways.
1081
01:04:41,917 --> 01:04:44,659
But if predictions of severe
droughts are realised
1082
01:04:44,667 --> 01:04:47,784
that see shortages of food,
1083
01:04:47,792 --> 01:04:51,410
the potential for unprecedented
numbers of refugees
1084
01:04:51,417 --> 01:04:53,783
and civil unrest
around the world...
1085
01:04:55,375 --> 01:04:56,865
Is enormous.
1086
01:05:04,375 --> 01:05:08,288
Just imagine large-scale
marine permaculture,
1087
01:05:08,292 --> 01:05:10,908
helping to mitigate
the severity of such a crisis.
1088
01:05:14,042 --> 01:05:15,907
It could provide
an alternative food source
1089
01:05:15,917 --> 01:05:17,407
to the damaged land crops...
1090
01:05:19,250 --> 01:05:21,787
That is rich in protein
and other nutrients.
1091
01:05:25,042 --> 01:05:26,532
Instead of having
governments
1092
01:05:26,542 --> 01:05:28,407
that are reacting to disaster,
1093
01:05:28,417 --> 01:05:30,282
we need governments
and communities
1094
01:05:30,292 --> 01:05:33,489
and businesses that proactively
set a new vision
1095
01:05:33,500 --> 01:05:35,365
that prevents these disasters,
1096
01:05:35,375 --> 01:05:37,415
that actually takes us
off in a different direction.
1097
01:05:40,167 --> 01:05:43,534
Investment in marine
permaculture around the world
1098
01:05:43,542 --> 01:05:46,284
could generate countless jobs
1099
01:05:46,292 --> 01:05:48,908
and help us reduce
our meat consumption,
1100
01:05:48,917 --> 01:05:51,624
while sequestering staggering
amounts of carbon.
1101
01:05:55,542 --> 01:06:00,411
Imagine decommissioned oil rigs
converted to house the workers
1102
01:06:00,417 --> 01:06:03,409
and becoming exciting
tourist destinations
1103
01:06:03,417 --> 01:06:06,250
for those keen
to explore marine life.
1104
01:06:14,792 --> 01:06:17,158
The seaweed could be
particularly valuable
1105
01:06:17,167 --> 01:06:21,911
in climate vulnerable areas
like the bay of bengal,
1106
01:06:21,917 --> 01:06:25,614
where it could provide food,
fertiliser and biofuel.
1107
01:06:27,042 --> 01:06:30,660
Along the coast of Africa, it
could provide similar benefits,
1108
01:06:30,667 --> 01:06:33,374
contributing to a thriving
local economy.
1109
01:06:39,167 --> 01:06:41,909
With mechanisms,
simple ones,
1110
01:06:41,917 --> 01:06:45,284
you are in fact
regenerating the oceans.
1111
01:06:48,250 --> 01:06:49,911
You could feed 10 billion people
1112
01:06:49,917 --> 01:06:52,659
with the protein from
marine permaculture alone.
1113
01:07:12,917 --> 01:07:14,623
At this point of the trip,
1114
01:07:14,625 --> 01:07:18,538
I felt for the first time
like we genuinely have a chance
1115
01:07:18,542 --> 01:07:20,032
at a better future...
1116
01:07:21,125 --> 01:07:22,786
If we choose to take it.
1117
01:07:28,292 --> 01:07:32,410
But before heading home, there
was another subject to address.
1118
01:07:36,542 --> 01:07:39,158
Well, I wish they'd stop
killing off animals
1119
01:07:39,167 --> 01:07:41,658
and, well, forests and whatnot.
1120
01:07:43,250 --> 01:07:44,740
That'd be cool.
1121
01:07:45,750 --> 01:07:49,789
Probably for people to
acknowledge that, like,
1122
01:07:49,792 --> 01:07:51,498
the factories we build
1123
01:07:51,500 --> 01:07:54,913
and, like, they hurt nature
sometimes.
1124
01:07:54,917 --> 01:07:57,033
Like, the things
that we produce,
1125
01:07:57,042 --> 01:08:01,661
it can, like, hurt the wildlife
and it's not good.
1126
01:08:01,667 --> 01:08:03,783
But people just ignore it
right now.
1127
01:08:03,792 --> 01:08:07,660
I would like to see everyone
using the three rs -
1128
01:08:07,667 --> 01:08:10,158
reduce, reuse and recycle.
1129
01:08:10,167 --> 01:08:13,534
Many people know about it,
but don't practice it today.
1130
01:08:25,542 --> 01:08:27,999
Today's economy, right?
1131
01:08:28,000 --> 01:08:29,786
It gets bigger
faster and faster.
1132
01:08:29,792 --> 01:08:33,410
So the economy is doubling
in size nearly every 20 years.
1133
01:08:35,292 --> 01:08:38,614
We take earth's materials,
turn them into stuff we want,
1134
01:08:38,625 --> 01:08:40,832
we use it for a while
and then throw it away.
1135
01:08:40,833 --> 01:08:41,822
Yep.
1136
01:08:41,833 --> 01:08:43,369
And that take, make, use, lose -
1137
01:08:43,375 --> 01:08:45,741
it cuts against the
living cycles of the planet,
1138
01:08:45,750 --> 01:08:48,822
causing climate change,
causing pollution.
1139
01:08:51,875 --> 01:08:54,366
So we're kicking ourselves
out of planetary balance.
1140
01:08:58,208 --> 01:09:00,494
It is difficult to see
the impacts
1141
01:09:00,500 --> 01:09:03,617
of our individual resource use
on the broader environment.
1142
01:09:06,375 --> 01:09:10,072
But our survival could depend
on us making that connection.
1143
01:09:12,625 --> 01:09:16,493
For greater than
99.9% of our evolution,
1144
01:09:16,500 --> 01:09:19,492
human beings lived in this
very intimate association
1145
01:09:19,500 --> 01:09:21,331
with the natural world.
1146
01:09:21,333 --> 01:09:25,076
The decisions we made
on a daily basis as individuals
1147
01:09:25,083 --> 01:09:27,244
within the context of
communities,
1148
01:09:27,250 --> 01:09:29,582
they were informed by
this immediate feedback
1149
01:09:29,583 --> 01:09:31,869
we got from the world around us.
1150
01:09:31,875 --> 01:09:35,367
From the sun, from the water
that was falling on us.
1151
01:09:35,375 --> 01:09:37,741
And you fast forward
to this little blip of time
1152
01:09:37,750 --> 01:09:40,366
that we're in right now,
and, you know,
1153
01:09:40,375 --> 01:09:42,616
we're completely and totally
alienated from nature.
1154
01:09:42,625 --> 01:09:44,115
We've lost that connection.
1155
01:09:47,750 --> 01:09:50,617
I've come to the town of
oberlin in Ohio,
1156
01:09:52,250 --> 01:09:54,616
have come up with
a quite brilliant way
1157
01:09:54,625 --> 01:09:58,072
to raise awareness of
their community's resource use.
1158
01:10:01,083 --> 01:10:02,823
The environmental dashboard
1159
01:10:02,833 --> 01:10:04,744
was really kind of built around
the science
1160
01:10:04,750 --> 01:10:06,866
and putting people and humans
in connection with
1161
01:10:06,875 --> 01:10:08,991
how they're using
their natural resources.
1162
01:10:09,000 --> 01:10:10,740
And so what this does
1163
01:10:10,750 --> 01:10:14,993
is it gives a visual
representation of the usage.
1164
01:10:15,000 --> 01:10:17,491
And they put it into the schools
1165
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:20,367
and so it's really gotten
a lot more into the community.
1166
01:10:20,375 --> 01:10:24,368
And the teachers are
utilising it in their lessons.
1167
01:10:24,375 --> 01:10:26,081
I want you to pay
close attention
1168
01:10:26,083 --> 01:10:28,495
to the squirrel on
the right side.
1169
01:10:28,500 --> 01:10:30,240
And watch what happens.
1170
01:10:30,250 --> 01:10:35,825
As it goes down, he gets sadder
and sadder and starts to cry.
1171
01:10:35,833 --> 01:10:38,245
Why do you think the
squirrel got happier or sadder?
1172
01:10:38,250 --> 01:10:39,740
I noticed that too.
1173
01:10:39,750 --> 01:10:41,240
Well, probably
because we're using
1174
01:10:41,250 --> 01:10:43,115
a lot of electricity
at that point.
1175
01:10:43,125 --> 01:10:45,081
More than we regularly used.
1176
01:10:45,083 --> 01:10:46,573
We did a controlled study
1177
01:10:46,583 --> 01:10:48,574
where we have
another school system
1178
01:10:48,583 --> 01:10:50,699
very similar to oberlin's
school systems
1179
01:10:50,708 --> 01:10:52,244
in a different area of Ohio.
1180
01:10:52,250 --> 01:10:54,366
They've got
the same curriculum as we do,
1181
01:10:54,375 --> 01:10:55,865
but they don't have dashboard.
1182
01:10:55,875 --> 01:10:58,742
We found as a result of
exposure,
1183
01:10:58,750 --> 01:11:01,617
if you ask them about
electricity use,
1184
01:11:01,625 --> 01:11:04,367
they start talking about
emotions.
1185
01:11:04,375 --> 01:11:06,991
And when you compare
students in our school
1186
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:08,581
with this other school,
1187
01:11:08,583 --> 01:11:10,824
they also have more of
a community response
1188
01:11:10,833 --> 01:11:14,121
when they talk about what needs
to be done about energy use.
1189
01:11:14,125 --> 01:11:15,990
They use the word 'we'.
1190
01:11:16,000 --> 01:11:19,242
And in the other school system,
they use the word 't'.
1191
01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:21,366
So we've seen real change
1192
01:11:21,375 --> 01:11:25,323
as a result of this technology
in the school.
1193
01:11:28,750 --> 01:11:31,822
What is most exciting
about this idea
1194
01:11:31,833 --> 01:11:33,869
is that the dashboards
could reconnect us
1195
01:11:33,875 --> 01:11:35,456
to a range of resources...
1196
01:11:37,250 --> 01:11:39,115
And influence our behaviour.
1197
01:11:42,625 --> 01:11:44,581
It's a way to really
engage the community
1198
01:11:44,583 --> 01:11:46,119
in this discussion,
1199
01:11:46,125 --> 01:11:49,868
regardless of what race,
what education, economic level,
1200
01:11:49,875 --> 01:11:51,740
in this discussion
on sustainability
1201
01:11:51,750 --> 01:11:53,240
and the environment.
1202
01:11:58,958 --> 01:12:01,370
But awareness of
our resource use
1203
01:12:01,375 --> 01:12:03,741
is just one piece of
a complicated puzzle.
1204
01:12:05,333 --> 01:12:06,823
Another solution
1205
01:12:06,833 --> 01:12:09,370
that could have a huge impact
on our dilemma
1206
01:12:09,375 --> 01:12:11,991
caught me completely off-guard.
1207
01:12:15,333 --> 01:12:19,622
Probably our biggest
surprise was educating girls
1208
01:12:19,625 --> 01:12:22,241
and family planning.
1209
01:12:22,250 --> 01:12:23,865
You combine these two together,
1210
01:12:23,875 --> 01:12:26,366
the number one solution
to reversing global warming
1211
01:12:26,375 --> 01:12:28,206
is the empowerment
of girls and women.
1212
01:12:28,208 --> 01:12:29,698
Wow.
1213
01:12:37,250 --> 01:12:40,947
So, our daughter
starts school next year
1214
01:12:40,958 --> 01:12:43,370
and as an Australian,
1215
01:12:43,375 --> 01:12:46,117
I completely take for granted
1216
01:12:46,125 --> 01:12:49,572
that she will get to complete
her education.
1217
01:12:49,583 --> 01:12:51,574
And what I'm just learning here
1218
01:12:51,583 --> 01:12:55,075
is that there are 65 million
girls around the world
1219
01:12:55,083 --> 01:12:56,619
that don't get that opportunity.
1220
01:12:57,833 --> 01:12:59,323
And there's a host of reasons
for that.
1221
01:12:59,333 --> 01:13:01,870
Some are put to work to
support families
1222
01:13:01,875 --> 01:13:03,365
or they're married off.
1223
01:13:03,375 --> 01:13:04,865
But on average,
1224
01:13:04,875 --> 01:13:07,833
those girls will have
five or more children.
1225
01:13:10,583 --> 01:13:12,244
So we found
that across the board,
1226
01:13:12,250 --> 01:13:13,740
and this isn't just countries
1227
01:13:13,750 --> 01:13:15,240
where there might be
high rates of poverty.
1228
01:13:15,250 --> 01:13:16,615
Even wealthier countries,
1229
01:13:16,625 --> 01:13:19,617
we know that when girls
stay in school for longer
1230
01:13:19,625 --> 01:13:22,742
and they have access to good
reproductive health services,
1231
01:13:22,750 --> 01:13:25,332
as well as decent
work opportunities,
1232
01:13:25,333 --> 01:13:27,995
that women will tend to delay
having children
1233
01:13:28,000 --> 01:13:29,490
until they're ready,
1234
01:13:29,500 --> 01:13:31,957
and then they choose to have
fewer children from then on.
1235
01:13:31,958 --> 01:13:33,619
So, what this does
as a collective,
1236
01:13:33,625 --> 01:13:36,332
is it slows down
the population growth rate,
1237
01:13:36,333 --> 01:13:37,869
which means that
there's less pressure
1238
01:13:37,875 --> 01:13:41,072
and competition for access to
a whole range of resources,
1239
01:13:41,083 --> 01:13:43,244
whether it's food or water
or land.
1240
01:13:44,875 --> 01:13:46,957
Their children tend to
stay in school longer as well
1241
01:13:46,958 --> 01:13:50,746
and, over time, they break
that cycle of poverty.
1242
01:13:54,875 --> 01:13:56,957
So it's a form of
family planning,
1243
01:13:56,958 --> 01:13:58,494
but it's not coercive.
1244
01:13:58,500 --> 01:13:59,956
It's not control.
1245
01:13:59,958 --> 01:14:03,871
It's just empowering girls
to be who they want to be
1246
01:14:03,875 --> 01:14:06,947
and you have
these incredible benefits.
1247
01:14:13,250 --> 01:14:17,448
One child, one teacher,
1248
01:14:17,458 --> 01:14:22,865
one book and one pen
can change the world.
1249
01:14:45,333 --> 01:14:46,994
So this could be
a pleasant afternoon
1250
01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:49,616
in a standard city of 2040.
1251
01:14:56,583 --> 01:14:58,448
Freed-up space has encouraged
1252
01:14:58,458 --> 01:15:01,245
a range of new
outdoor activities.
1253
01:15:05,375 --> 01:15:09,323
Imagine, velvet, you and
your cool group of friends
1254
01:15:09,333 --> 01:15:10,948
have met for a picnic.
1255
01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:14,115
Although it is unlikely
1256
01:15:14,125 --> 01:15:16,366
that Princess Elsa will still
be part of your crew.
1257
01:15:20,750 --> 01:15:25,323
My hope is that we are all
using resources more wisely
1258
01:15:25,333 --> 01:15:28,120
and some of the clever
innovations that exist today...
1259
01:15:28,125 --> 01:15:29,615
Selfiel
1260
01:15:29,625 --> 01:15:31,490
except for this drone phone
that I did make up
1261
01:15:31,500 --> 01:15:34,615
- to obliterate selfie sticks...
- Home!
1262
01:15:34,625 --> 01:15:36,616
Have been widely adopted.
1263
01:15:39,250 --> 01:15:44,324
Some materials are grown
or made from organic matter.
1264
01:15:49,875 --> 01:15:54,244
While other materials have been
recycled or break down rapidly.
1265
01:15:57,333 --> 01:15:58,869
And wouldn't it be terrific
1266
01:15:58,875 --> 01:16:00,831
if we have not only implemented
the smart ways
1267
01:16:00,833 --> 01:16:03,370
to deal with the billions of
coffee cups
1268
01:16:03,375 --> 01:16:05,081
we send to landfill each year...
1269
01:16:07,125 --> 01:16:08,740
But each city of the world
1270
01:16:08,750 --> 01:16:10,991
has followed the lead of
Stockholm,
1271
01:16:11,000 --> 01:16:13,366
who collect their residents'
food waste...
1272
01:16:15,625 --> 01:16:18,617
Extract the methane to
power their local vehicles...
1273
01:16:20,250 --> 01:16:22,582
And give the leftovers
to farmers
1274
01:16:22,583 --> 01:16:25,370
to use as a natural
fertiliser for their soils.
1275
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:30,492
Well played, Sweden.
Well played.
1276
01:16:34,125 --> 01:16:36,741
These behaviour changes
in our resource use
1277
01:16:36,750 --> 01:16:38,706
could be reflected on dashboards
1278
01:16:38,708 --> 01:16:40,869
throughout our cities,
1279
01:16:40,875 --> 01:16:42,615
where there used to be ads.
1280
01:16:44,833 --> 01:16:47,370
Even encouraging some
healthy competition.
1281
01:16:54,375 --> 01:16:58,995
But in this 2040,
my greatest hope
1282
01:16:59,000 --> 01:17:01,366
is that girls across the globe
1283
01:17:01,375 --> 01:17:04,742
now have access to the same
educational opportunities
1284
01:17:04,750 --> 01:17:06,866
as you and your friends.
1285
01:17:22,000 --> 01:17:24,366
The cascading benefits of this
1286
01:17:24,375 --> 01:17:28,618
could be greater than anything
else I have discovered.
1287
01:18:26,958 --> 01:18:30,997
So, velvet, this was my story
1288
01:18:31,000 --> 01:18:34,072
of a future I hope
you get to experience.
1289
01:18:35,333 --> 01:18:39,246
Your story and
the one that transpires
1290
01:18:39,250 --> 01:18:40,865
may be completely different.
1291
01:18:42,125 --> 01:18:44,081
But what I now understand
1292
01:18:44,083 --> 01:18:46,495
is that not only are there
so many people
1293
01:18:46,500 --> 01:18:49,367
who want to take part
in telling a new story...
1294
01:18:51,083 --> 01:18:54,826
But we have everything
we need right now
1295
01:18:54,833 --> 01:18:56,619
to make it happen.
1296
01:18:59,875 --> 01:19:03,743
When you go beyond
the dominant media discourse
1297
01:19:03,750 --> 01:19:05,991
and get closer to the ground,
1298
01:19:06,000 --> 01:19:09,743
you will see,
everywhere you look,
1299
01:19:09,750 --> 01:19:12,116
incredible reasons for hope.
1300
01:19:22,250 --> 01:19:24,115
Over the next few years,
1301
01:19:24,125 --> 01:19:26,616
you may notice less
red meat for dinner...
1302
01:19:28,833 --> 01:19:30,619
More trips to the compost bin...
1303
01:19:33,458 --> 01:19:35,119
Better search engines...
1304
01:19:38,333 --> 01:19:41,496
And potentially a new
dashboard in your classroom.
1305
01:19:44,375 --> 01:19:49,324
If enough of us make
these sorts of small changes,
1306
01:19:49,333 --> 01:19:52,120
when combined,
they will make a difference.
1307
01:19:53,875 --> 01:19:55,991
Big banks continue to take a hit
1308
01:19:56,000 --> 01:19:59,197
as the public shifts its money
away from organisations
1309
01:19:59,208 --> 01:20:01,119
that support fossil fuels.
1310
01:20:03,083 --> 01:20:06,120
But of equal importance
is strong leadership.
1311
01:20:08,750 --> 01:20:11,867
Wouldn't it be terrific
if new leaders emerge
1312
01:20:11,875 --> 01:20:14,082
who can navigate us
to a better 20407?
1313
01:20:17,875 --> 01:20:20,867
And just imagine if they used
the doughnut framework
1314
01:20:20,875 --> 01:20:22,581
to create the new story...
1315
01:20:23,875 --> 01:20:25,991
Coupled with more
and more people
1316
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:28,241
finding a defining role
within it.
1317
01:20:30,500 --> 01:20:33,742
What we can do
is see where you get lit up
1318
01:20:33,750 --> 01:20:35,456
and maybe it's
girls' education -
1319
01:20:35,458 --> 01:20:36,994
"wow. I had no idea!"
1320
01:20:38,000 --> 01:20:40,332
Or it can be food or it can be
farming or it could be energy,
1321
01:20:40,333 --> 01:20:42,449
it could be housing, transport.
1322
01:20:42,458 --> 01:20:44,369
I mean, there's so many areas
1323
01:20:44,375 --> 01:20:47,993
where you actually probably
do have influence
1324
01:20:48,000 --> 01:20:49,991
where you are working,
1325
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:52,241
where you can affect change
1326
01:20:52,250 --> 01:20:54,741
in a way that actually
is demonstrable
1327
01:20:54,750 --> 01:20:56,991
and meaningful
to you and others.
1328
01:21:02,000 --> 01:21:05,322
And it just unleashes
the power of innovation
1329
01:21:05,333 --> 01:21:09,372
and imagination and creativity
that's within all people.
1330
01:21:17,000 --> 01:21:19,116
My hope for you, darling,
1331
01:21:19,125 --> 01:21:23,240
is that sometime in
2040 there's a day
1332
01:21:23,250 --> 01:21:25,992
when the greenhouse gases
in our atmosphere
1333
01:21:26,000 --> 01:21:29,743
stop increasing and
begin to come down.
1334
01:21:31,458 --> 01:21:33,949
And the solutions
that achieve this
1335
01:21:33,958 --> 01:21:36,370
benefit a wide range of people.
1336
01:21:41,625 --> 01:21:45,322
To celebrate, there are parties
across the globe
1337
01:21:45,333 --> 01:21:47,494
for you and your generation.
1338
01:21:48,875 --> 01:21:50,456
The regeneration.
1339
01:22:32,083 --> 01:22:35,996
When I grow up, I want homeless
people to have their own homes
1340
01:22:36,000 --> 01:22:38,366
with their own money
to buy their own food
1341
01:22:38,375 --> 01:22:39,865
and have their own jobs.
1342
01:22:40,958 --> 01:22:44,450
Well, I'd like it
to be human instinct
1343
01:22:44,458 --> 01:22:47,996
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.
1344
01:22:48,000 --> 01:22:50,332
I would like to see everybody
have equal rights
1345
01:22:50,333 --> 01:22:52,244
and the same living
opportunities.
1346
01:22:53,250 --> 01:22:55,741
I just want the future
to be good.
1347
01:23:05,250 --> 01:23:06,956
Dadda!
1348
01:23:17,625 --> 01:23:19,115
So...
1349
01:23:20,875 --> 01:23:22,615
What's your 20407?
1350
01:25:33,833 --> 01:25:37,826
I want to see clean
air for more people to breathe
1351
01:25:37,833 --> 01:25:39,619
and clean air, so that the trees
1352
01:25:39,625 --> 01:25:43,823
don't have to take the smoke
into their leaves and die.
1353
01:25:46,375 --> 01:25:50,243
I also hope that we'll
be able to solve world hunger,
1354
01:25:50,250 --> 01:25:52,366
'cause a lot of people
are going hungry.
1355
01:25:53,375 --> 01:25:55,366
At the moment,
the ice caps are melting
1356
01:25:55,375 --> 01:25:57,491
because of all
the greenhouse gases.
1357
01:25:59,125 --> 01:26:01,867
[I the earth speaks
loud and clear
1358
01:26:01,875 --> 01:26:04,832
j the time to act is here
1359
01:26:04,833 --> 01:26:06,243
I have want to make sure
1360
01:26:06,250 --> 01:26:07,990
there's no pollution
in the ocean.
1361
01:26:11,125 --> 01:26:13,616
& tomorrow's become today
1362
01:26:13,625 --> 01:26:17,072
j it's too late to turn away
1363
01:26:18,125 --> 01:26:22,323
I want to see fresh air,
fresh water, no pollution.
1364
01:26:22,333 --> 01:26:25,450
Because that will kill animals
and I want no animals to die.
1365
01:26:27,125 --> 01:26:29,957
I'd like it
to be human instinct
1366
01:26:29,958 --> 01:26:34,122
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.
1367
01:26:34,125 --> 01:26:35,865
I would like
to see a world
1368
01:26:35,875 --> 01:26:39,117
where people live in peace,
Harmony and happiness
1369
01:26:39,125 --> 01:26:42,367
and not a world
where people live in fear.
1370
01:26:42,375 --> 01:26:43,990
I don't think
we should use guns
1371
01:26:44,000 --> 01:26:45,615
and force each other around.
1372
01:26:49,875 --> 01:26:52,457
j the creatures we have lost
1373
01:27:01,625 --> 01:27:05,243
j so please don't turn away
1374
01:27:05,250 --> 01:27:08,868
In the future, I'd like
to see more beautiful things
1375
01:27:08,875 --> 01:27:11,457
like flowers, more trees.
1376
01:27:11,458 --> 01:27:12,948
Cleaner water.
1377
01:27:12,958 --> 01:27:14,368
Be respectful to earth.
1378
01:27:14,375 --> 01:27:15,990
Less global warming.
1379
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:19,948
We could stop littering
and make sure coral looks ok
1380
01:27:19,958 --> 01:27:22,950
'cause it normally looks
like a rainbow in the sea.
1381
01:27:25,750 --> 01:27:28,457
j so please don't turn away
1382
01:27:28,458 --> 01:27:30,244
And also,
I'd like my kids
1383
01:27:30,250 --> 01:27:34,072
to be able to swim
in fresh water.
1384
01:27:37,833 --> 01:27:41,371
j so please don't turn away
1385
01:27:41,375 --> 01:27:43,115
A lot more inventions.
1386
01:27:43,125 --> 01:27:44,740
Electric cars.
1387
01:27:44,750 --> 01:27:46,832
Take transportation.
1388
01:27:49,708 --> 01:27:53,576
j so please don't turn away
1389
01:28:14,625 --> 01:28:17,457
If people keep doing
what they're doing now,
1390
01:28:17,458 --> 01:28:20,245
the world won't be
a very good place.
1391
01:28:22,958 --> 01:28:28,866
j so please don't
turn away j the future
1392
01:28:28,875 --> 01:28:30,331
I would also like
1393
01:28:30,333 --> 01:28:32,870
if money was
more evenly distributed.
1394
01:28:32,875 --> 01:28:35,241
I would like to see
everybody have equal rights
1395
01:28:35,250 --> 01:28:37,332
and the same living
opportunities.
1396
01:28:37,333 --> 01:28:40,075
For the government
to have done something
1397
01:28:40,083 --> 01:28:42,745
on global warming and pollution.
1398
01:28:47,375 --> 01:28:50,572
I want people to treat
each other better.108904
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