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1
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�B̎N� BOD
2
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Vzd�l�vac� film
3
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Sednout.
4
00:01:58,278 --> 00:02:00,508
Jak jsem sl�bila minule,
5
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budeme pokra�ovat ve
studiu z�kon� perspektivy.
6
00:02:05,451 --> 00:02:08,443
Mohl by n�m n�kdo p�ipomenout,
co je to perspektiva?
7
00:02:14,961 --> 00:02:18,260
Perspektiva je odrazem linie pohledu.
8
00:02:19,899 --> 00:02:23,858
Je to cesta pro zachycen�
prostoru a organizace �ivota v n�m.
9
00:02:25,838 --> 00:02:27,635
V podstat� se jedn� o praktick� cvi�en�.
10
00:02:27,807 --> 00:02:30,469
Mysl�m t�m o dvou rozm�rech,
11
00:02:30,643 --> 00:02:32,304
t�et� lze vypo��tat.
12
00:02:33,146 --> 00:02:37,173
Nezapome�te, �e perspektiva je
bl�zkou p��buznou trigonometrie,
13
00:02:37,350 --> 00:02:39,284
kter� pracuje s �hly,
14
00:02:39,452 --> 00:02:41,420
a tak� kartografie,
15
00:02:41,588 --> 00:02:43,954
proto�e projektuje prostorov� pl�ny.
16
00:02:45,692 --> 00:02:49,184
Uplatn�n� perspektivy znamen�
p�soben� ve dvou sm�rech,
17
00:02:49,796 --> 00:02:51,889
jedn�m sm�rem ukazuje, co je,
18
00:02:52,065 --> 00:02:54,533
druh�m to, co bylo,
19
00:02:54,701 --> 00:02:57,295
��m� ukazuje, co by mohlo b�t.
20
00:02:58,504 --> 00:03:01,405
Pou��v� se sp�e jako p�edstava,
ne� jako z�znam,
21
00:03:01,574 --> 00:03:05,237
zobrazuj�c� minulost a budoucnost,
stejn� tak jako sou�asnost.
22
00:03:07,614 --> 00:03:11,846
Minul� t�den jsem v�m ��kala,
�e perspektiva je prastar� v�da,
23
00:03:12,018 --> 00:03:16,512
a b�vala uplat�ov�na v teori�ch
o vztaz�ch mezi objekty.
24
00:03:17,357 --> 00:03:20,292
Vzpomene si n�kdo, jak� byly n�stroje
25
00:03:20,460 --> 00:03:22,758
pou��van� perspektivisty v 17. stolet�?
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Isabelle, co mysl�?
27
00:04:13,780 --> 00:04:15,714
UD�LEJTE TO JAKO MY
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Dob�e.
29
00:05:13,539 --> 00:05:16,440
Ale to mi nezabr�n�
u�it v�s jako obvykle.
30
00:06:04,991 --> 00:06:07,482
Zd� se, �e si nem��ete vzpomenout,
31
00:06:07,927 --> 00:06:09,622
jak� byly nepostradateln� n�stroje
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00:06:09,796 --> 00:06:13,163
renesan�n�ch perspektivist�:
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pevn� kuk�tko,
34
00:06:16,969 --> 00:06:19,403
sklen�n� tabule, nebo m��ka,
35
00:06:20,173 --> 00:06:23,472
a n�jak� nit pro stanoven� �b�n�ch bod�.
36
00:06:26,579 --> 00:06:28,945
Dnes se pod�v�me
na centr�ln� perspektivu.
37
00:06:29,115 --> 00:06:31,310
Je to jedna z nejv�ce pou��van�ch metod
38
00:06:31,484 --> 00:06:35,147
pro prezentaci r�zn�ch bod� ve v�kresu.
39
00:06:36,489 --> 00:06:39,219
Jej� vyu�it� bude
vy�adovat n�kolik definic.
40
00:06:53,639 --> 00:06:55,869
P�edpokl�dejme, �e "O"
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je pevn� bod,
42
00:06:59,879 --> 00:07:03,371
st�ed projekce p�edstavuj�c�
oko pozorovatele.
43
00:07:03,549 --> 00:07:05,517
jinak zn�m� jako zorn� bod.
44
00:07:07,553 --> 00:07:09,077
P�echod od "O",
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polop��mka "R",
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odkazy na r�zn� body dan�ho p�edm�tu,
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00:07:16,796 --> 00:07:20,095
kter� maj� b�t zobrazeny
v perspektiv� na obraze.
48
00:07:23,703 --> 00:07:24,870
Na tabuli
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00:07:26,038 --> 00:07:29,371
"T" p�edstavuje souhrn p�edpokl�dan�ch bod�,
50
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nebo-li perspektivu subjektu.
51
00:07:32,645 --> 00:07:34,374
Vodorovn� rovina
52
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prot�naj�c� "R"
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roz��zne obraz
54
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po p��mce "H",
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kter� p�edstavuje horizont.
56
00:07:47,393 --> 00:07:49,361
Tato p��mka je limitem
57
00:07:49,529 --> 00:07:52,657
v�ech vodorovn�ch rovin kolm�ch na "T".
58
00:07:53,032 --> 00:07:55,023
Z�kladn� p��mka "LT",
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00:07:55,201 --> 00:07:57,863
vodorovn� ��ra dole na obr�zku,
60
00:07:58,037 --> 00:08:00,938
p�edstavuje nejbli��� spojnici
61
00:08:01,107 --> 00:08:04,702
mezi pozorovatelem "O" a rovinou ter�nu.
62
00:08:06,879 --> 00:08:08,608
Hlavn� �b�n� bod
63
00:08:08,781 --> 00:08:12,808
je kolm�m pr�m�tem na "H".
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00:08:14,153 --> 00:08:15,814
"D1"
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00:08:17,790 --> 00:08:19,485
a "D2"
66
00:08:21,294 --> 00:08:24,991
jsou um�st�ny na obzoru,
ve stejn� vzd�lenosti od "FP".
67
00:08:25,965 --> 00:08:28,456
P�edstavuj� rozd�l v "H"
68
00:08:28,668 --> 00:08:31,159
na vzd�lenost "OFP".
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00:08:31,737 --> 00:08:35,070
To znamen�, �e pozorovatel
nem� v�dy pot�ebn� prostor
70
00:08:35,241 --> 00:08:38,802
mezi "FP" a "D" za pr�se��kem.
71
00:08:39,278 --> 00:08:41,872
Oko tedy m��e b�t
p�edm�tem optick� iluze,
72
00:08:42,048 --> 00:08:45,779
kterou perspektivist� naz�vaj� anamorf�za,
73
00:08:45,952 --> 00:08:48,147
a kter� d�v� fale�nou p�edstavu reality.
74
00:08:48,487 --> 00:08:50,853
Nakonec si m��eme p�edstavit p��mku
75
00:08:51,023 --> 00:08:54,686
prot�naj�c� v�echny �b�n� body,
a t�m definovat to,
76
00:08:54,860 --> 00:08:58,261
co se v 17. stolet� naz�valo "�chylka".
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00:09:06,906 --> 00:09:07,930
D�le.
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